be greatly inflamed with the desire oâ— conquering Plato Eumenes though neuer so distressed thought himselfe strong enough as long aâ— he had his sword in his hand Plut. Aristomenes the Messenian beeing take◠〈◊〉 the Lacedemonians and deliuered fast â—â—und to two souldiours hee drew neere to â—â—fire burned his bonds in sunder killed his â—â—eepers and saued himselfe Valerius Lysimachus vvas commaunded by Alexâ—â—der that he should be deuoured of a Lion â—â—at he valiantly fought with the beast and â—â—retching forth his arme thrust it into hys â—â—roate taking holde of his tongue and so â—â—rangled him whereupon hee vvas euer afâ—â—r more esteemed of Alexander then hee â—as before Aelianus Cassius aunswered a Chaldean Astrologer â—ho counselled him not to fight vvith the â—arthians vntill the Moone had passed Scorâ—â—o I feare not quoth he Scorpius but I feare 〈◊〉 Archers because the Romans were put 〈◊〉 â—light by Parthian Archers Appian Agis vpon the poynt to giue battaile to the â—â—ycaonians vvhen his souldiers sayde that â—â—eyr enemies were many aunswered The â—rince that will subdue many must of necessity â—â—ght with many Tbucid Leonides beeing informed by his souldiers â—â—at the enemies against whom hee vvas to â—â—ght vvere so many in number that theyr â—rrovves darkned the beames of the sunne â—o much the better quoth he for we shall theÌ„ fight in the shade Licosthenes Alcibiades when his Captaines suddainlie made an alarum with great citties that they were fallen into theyr enemies hands would say vnto his souldiours Be valiant and feare not for we are not fallen into their hands but they into ours Thucidydes Scaeua a Iew at the siege of Ierusalem hauing long time defended his fellow souldiers after much slaughter by him made abode still fighting hauing his eyes stopped hys body vvounded and his shield strooke thorow in sixscore places Iosephus Iulius Caesar perceiuing the Neruians to haue the better hand caught a Target from out a souldiours hand that began to flie and taking his place did such feates of Armes that all his Armie recouered courage got the victory Plutarch Alexander swimmed ouer dangerous vvaters scaled townes and put himselfe formost in perrils and paines-taking Pyrrhus Haniball Sertorius and Caesar are reported to haue done the like Eutycus beeing blinde was set without the aray of the battaile by Leonidas but being ashamed to leaue his companions caused a slaue to leade him to the place vvhere they â—ought there valiantly behauing himselfe â—e was slaine Valerius Sylla the Dictator hauing condemned to â—eath all the inhabitants of Perouza parâ—oning none but his hoast he would needes â—ie saying that he scorned to hold his lyfe of the murtherer of his country Appian The Polonian Ambassadors aunswered Aâ—exander when he threatned theyr country VVee feare saide they but one onely thing which is least the skie fall vpon vs. Pompey dreadlesse of a great storme wheÌ„ he vvas sent by the Senate into Italie vvas the first that went a shyp-board and commaunded the sailes to be spred saying It is necessary that I goe but not necessary that I liue Plutarch Xerxes great Nauie that dranke vvhole riuers dry vvas rather a signe of his vvealth then magnanimitie Iustinus Bias holding warres with Iphiorates and put to the vvorst his souldiours cryed out saying vvhat shall we doe to vvhom hee aunswered Tell those that are aliue that I dyed fighting and I will report vnto the deade that you escaped flying Laertius The women of Lacena vvent souldier-like into the field with their husbands Thomyris Queene of Scythia ouercame Cyrus cut off his head cast it into a bowle of blood saying Satiate sanguine quem sitiisti Iustinus The vvomen of Scythia called Amazons lyued as conquerours ouer men and vvere neuer conquered by men vntill Alexander destroyed both them and theyr country Semyramis when newes was brought her that her citty Babylon vvas besieged all vnattyred and vndressed she tooke her armor and by her vvonderfull valour repulsed her enemies Iustinus Zenobia Queene of the Palmerians after the death of her husband gouerned the Empire and long helde battaile against the Emperour Aurelian vvho sayd That it was moâ—e valour to conquer a woman so stoute as Zenobia then to vanquish a king so fearefull as Xerxes Penthiselea Queene of the Amazons and Hyppolita the first encountred hande to hand Achilles the other Theseus whom hee for her valour and courage afterward married Homer Artimesia Queene of Caria after the death of her husband shewed such admirable fortitude against the Rhodians that she burned theyr Nauies entered theyr Citties and â—â—used in them her Image to bee set vp for a â—onument of her chiualrie VVhen Epaminondas besieged Sparta â—as gotten into the Towne Isadas a young â—an all naked his body annointed ouer â—ith oyle hauing a partisone thrust himselfe â—â—to the midst beating downe all his eneâ—ies before him and himselfe escaped away â—nvvounded Loncerus The Ephori at his return gaue him a crown â—n honor of his provvesse but they amerced â—im at a thousand crownes for beeing so adâ—enturous Of the Soule The Soule is called Anima whilst it is in the â—ody and giueth lyfe Mens while it mindeth Animus hauing will Ratio for that it iudgeth rightfully Spiritus while it breatheth Sensus whilst it feeleth THe Soule hath fiue vertues of the which the first is feeling by this vertue the soule is mooued desiring those thing that belong to the body Augustine The second povver is vvit by thys the soule knovveth all things sensible and corporall when they are present The third is Imagination by vvhich it beâ—holdeth the likenes of bodily thinges 〈◊〉 they be absent The fourth is Reason that iudgeth betweene good and euill truth and falshood The fift is Vnderstanding the which comprehendeth things not materiall but intelligible as God and Angels The three first virtues are situate in the soule that is coupled to the body and giueth lyfe and inner wit to perfection of the body and these bee common both to men and beasts The other tvvo Reason and Vnderstanding be in the soule in that it may be departed from the body and abide beeing departed as an Angell by two manner of respects for it beholdeth the higher things and therevpon is called Intellectus and the lower and for that cause is termed Ratio In diuers bodies the soule is threefold Vegitable that is giueth life and no feeling as in plants and rootes vvhich the Philosophers liken to a Tryangle in Geometry for as that hath three corners so hath this soule three vertues the first begetting the second nourishing the third growing â—ensible that gyueth lyfe and feeling not 〈◊〉 which is in beasts thys soule is lykeâ—â—d to a Quadrangle for it is a line drawne 〈◊〉 one corner to another before it maketh 〈◊〉 Triangles and the sensible soule maketh 〈◊〉 triangles of vertues for where-soeuer 〈◊〉 soule Sensible is there is also the soule â—egitable but not é contra The Reasonable soule giueth life feeling
of riches Caligula tooke of euery Curtezan as much of her gayne as shee could get of any man at once Pertinax being aduanced to the degree of Emperour did not forget his niggardlines but parted Lettice and Artichawkes in two that the one halfe might be for his dinner the other for his supper Eutropius The parsimony of Fabritius is not to bee condemned for the age wherein hee lyued ought to excuse him in the which all magnificence was vnknowne to the Romaines Iustinian the Emperour for himselfe procured riches and for the deuill he cheapned soules he was couetous and maintayned the heresie of the Pelagians Epimenides curse of riches was that all the treasures hoorded vp by the couetous shold be wasted by the prodigall The Romaines and the Carthagenians were friends a long time but after they knew â—here was in Spayne great mines of gold and siluer immediatly arose betweene them ciuill warres P. Diaconus Darius being very rich and couetous sent to Alexander in scorne to know where hee had treasure to maintaine such an army who aunswered Tell thy maister that he keepeth in his Cofers his treasures of mettalls and I haue no other treasure then the hearts of my friends Plutarch Angelot a Cardinall was so couetous that by a false dore hee descended into the stable and euery night stole away the Oates which his horse-keepers had giuen his horses and continued it so long till one of the horse-keepers hyding himselfe in the stable did so be labour him with a Pikeforke that hee had much adoe to crawle away I. Pontanus Of Sloth In this vice wit vnderstanding wisedom and all honest endeuours are buried as it were in a graue from which ariseth the loathsome stench of corrupt manners and disordered life making of men women of women beasts of beasts monsters ALexander an Emperour of the East giuen to great idlenes demaunded of hiâ— wise men if he had long to liue they aunsweâ—red him yea If he could take away the teeth oâ— a brazen Boare that stoode in the market place meaning therby that he would shorten his daies except he gaue ouer his idlenes Zonarus A Senator of Rome who was saluted by anâ—other riding in his chariot aunswered I wilâ— not say God saue you since in going thus at youâ— ease you show you haue no desire to liue long Epaminondas discharged all his Souldiers which grew fat saying That as a woman too fat doth not easily conceaue so doth fat hinder a man from doing his charge as armes doe which are to heauy Scipio being ariued at his campe banished all Souldiours slaues and Pages and all vnprofitable people and made each one to carry his owne armour The Sabies hauing aboundance of all kind of riches spent their times slothfully The Nabathies hauing nothing but what they get by their vertue and labor are good husbands abandon all idlenes Metellus when hee was ariued in Affrica hee tooke away whatsoeuer might seeme to â—ourish slothfulnes and caused proclamatiâ—n to be made that none should presume to â—â—ll eyther bread or any other foode dressed â—hat the carriers of vvater should not follow â—he Campe that the Souldiers shoulde haue â—o pages nor beastes of carriage that each one should keepe his ranke cast his trench â—nd carry his victuals together with his furâ—iture Salust In the Ilands named Baleares in Spayne the chyldren might not eate vntill vvith theyr slings they had strooken downe theyr meate which theyr parents vsed to sette for them vpon an hie beame or poale Plinie Epaminondas killed one of his souldiours beeing a sleepe that was set to vvatch saying that hee left him in the same estate hee found him The kings of Persia and Macedonia were euery morning awaked to put them in mind to take care of that which God had coÌ„mitted to theyr charge Herodot At certaine games of Olympus there came a Phylosopher of Thebes which had made all the apparrel he wore himselfe the assembly meruailing that one man coulde doe all this he answered The sloth of man is the cause that one Art is deuided into diuers for he that knoweth all Artes together must needes knoâ— one alone Hee vvas reputed a vaine-glorâ—â—ous Phylosopher More hurtfull vvas the Citty of Carthagâ— to Rome after her destruction then durinâ— the vvhole course season of warres whicâ— the Romaines had with her for that vvhilâ— they had enemies in Affrick they knew noâ— vvhat vices meant in Rome Gueuara The great Numantia in Spayne coulde neâ—uer bee vvone notwithstanding 14. yeere siedge of the Romaines till Scipio purgeâ— his Campe of loyterers perfumers and harâ—lots Darius plunged the Babylonians in all maâ—ner of idlenes that they might not haue thâ— hart afterward to rebell The same policie vsed Cimon to diminisâ— the force and povver of his allies by graunâ—ting them vvhatsoeuer they required The carelesnesse and negligence of Dionisius the younger getting the vpper hande oâ— him carried him to vvomen and lechery at length did breake in sunder his Adamanâ— chaines that is the great number of his warlike souldiours and his store of Gallyes oâ— vvhom his Father boasted that hee left hys kingdome fast chained to his sonne Sardanapalus through his slothfulnesse was â—uercome by Arbactus and lost the Moâ—archie of Assyria The Pheacons counted it the greatest feliâ—â—tie that might be to doe nothing Homer The Romaines vsed to punish idlenesse so â—â—arply that the husbandman whose ground â—as found barren and his pastures vnoccuâ—ied was presently put from the place and â—is ground giuen to another man Macarius Diogenes for that they would â—ot be accouÌ„ted idle persons the one would â—emooue heapes of sand from place to place â—nd the other vvoulde tumble his tubbe vp 〈◊〉 downe Augustus did win the souldiours vnto him â—ith rewards the common sort with plentie of victuals and all generally vvith the pleaâ—ure of ease Tacitus VVheÌ„ Augustus reproched a certain plaier â—ecause thorow his occasion there was a tuâ—ult among the people hee aunswered It is â—ood for thee ô Caesar that the people bee vvithâ—eld by our idle exercises from busying theyr â—raines about other matters Dion Of Gluttony This deadly enemy to health replenisheth thâ— body with humours wind inflamations distilâ—lations and opirations and change of meaâ— draweth pleasure out of the bounds of sufficienâ—cie Pleasure in all thinges which pleaseth whereas in simple and vniforme thinges delighâ— neuer exceedeth the appetite and naturall necesâ—sitie THE Arigentines builded as though theâ— shoulde alvvayes liue and did feede aâ—â—though they should alwayes die Plato The Emperour Septimus Seuerus Ioâ—uinianus dyed with eating and drinking to much Valintinianus a famous Emperour dye suddenly of a surfet Lucullus beeing asked one day by his serâ—uaunt whom he had inuited to his feast seeâ—ing so much meat prepared aunswered Lucullus shall dine with Lucullus Plut. Vitellius Spinter vvas so much gyuen tâ— gluttony and excesse that at one supper hâ— vvas serued with two thousand seuerall kinâ— of fishes and with 7000.
other meat then the meanest of his Souldiers did The Priests of Aegipt the Sages of 〈◊〉 and Persia and Iupiters Priests seruing 〈◊〉 Gods did neuer eate any flesh nor drink aâ—ny vvine Pausanias Anacharsis a Seithian Phylosopher being demaunded of his estate how he fed how he did lie and how he was cloathed aunswered I feede on hunger I lie on the ground and I am cloathed like a Scithian Laertius Dyonisius made sute to Aristides for his daughter in marriage but he knowing him to be an intemperate Prince soberly answered that he had rather kill his daughter with his owne hand then giue her in marriage vnto Dionysius Valerius Publicola after he had been consull foure times died so poore that he had not sufficient to defray the charge of his Funerals but was buried of the common tresury Valerius The â—â—ke of Menenius Agrippa vvhen by the counsaile of Epimenides of Create the Athenians vvere deliuered from a plague which their neighbours were infected with they in regard of his loue aduice sent him rich rewards which he refused Plato Apollonius Tyanaeus had diuers rich gifts sent him by Vespasian which he would not â—ccept saying that they were for couetous minded men and for those that had neede of them Stobeus The Romaines laughed Sylla to scorne that being a man most intemperate did not withstanding vse to exhort and compell others to sobriety temperance and frugality Suetonius Lisander contrary to him allowed those viâ—es in the Cittizens from the which himselfe refrained Thucidides Pericles when his companion Sophocles and Pretor in Rome commended the beauâ—y of a young woman whom they met said It becommeth a Pretor to haue not onely hands free from corruption but also continent eyes voyde of vnchast lookes Idem Hortensius was much reproued for that at a supper prepared for the Augurs he set before them a boiled Peacock Suetonius Cassius was deemed intemperate because publiquely he drank water and could not for a short time endure the thirst thereof Duronius was remoued from the Senate for that he being Tribune repeated the law concerning the restraint of feasting Patriâ—ius VVhen the Presâ—nts which King Pyrrhus after his ouerthrow were brought to Rome and shewed about the streetes hoping therâ—by to winne good will of the people theâ—â— was not one man seene to put out his hand towards them so as the King found himselfe no lesse vanquished with continency theâ— force of armes Diogenes laughed those to scorne that by sacrifice sought for helpe of the Gods and notvvithstanding led an intemperate lyfe Gellius Cato by prescribing too spare temperate dyet killed his wife and child In the presence of Gorgo the daughter of Cleomenes but 9. yeares old Aristagoras intreated Cleomenes that the Lacedemonians would send an Army into Asia promising to giue him 10. talents which he refusing offered him 50 the wench tooke her Father a side and sayd Father if you get you not hence this guest will corrupt you vvhereat he departed without hearkning to Aristagoras any more Herodotus The Lacedemonians were very temperate in their dyet and had certaine publique places called Phidities where they fed of which came that when men would speake of a small pittance they vvould lyke it to a meale of â—he Phiditie The Esseans a certaine Iewish sect vvho were holier and of better conuersation then â—he Pharisies abstained from wine and vvomen Iosephus The temperance and staiednes of Titus Quintus got more countries to the Romans then al the forces vnder him had done It was felonie for the Magistrates of Locris to drinke wine without the lycence of a Phiâ—ition and the Romans neuer drunke wine before they were twenty yeres old Diodo In the tyme of Saturne the world did neyther eate flesh nor drinke wine wherin they agree with our Diuines who put vs out of doubt that the vse of flesh and wine was vnknowne before the vniuersall flood Of Fortitude The vertue of the mind aduentureth nothing â—â—â—shly neyther in a good cause feareth death be 〈◊〉 in apparaunce neuer so terrible whose extreames are feare and foolish boldnes FOure kinds of people the Romans found hard to ouercome the Mermidons the Gaditanes the Saguntines the Numantines the first were strong the second valâ—â—ant the third fortunate but the Numantine were strong valiant and fortunate Trebeâ—â—lius Pollio Amongst all the Citties of the world onelâ— Numantia did neuer acknowledge her better or kisse the hande of any other for heâ— Lord. The Lacedemonians neuer vsed to aske thâ— number of their enemies but vvhere theâ— vvere Iudas Macchabeus beeing begirt with 2â— thousand men was counsailed to flie 〈◊〉 forbid quoth he that the sunne should seeâ— flie I had rather die then staine my glory by 〈◊〉 ignominious flight The Numantines vvhen they were besiâ—â—ged slew nine Consuls vvherevpon the Romans did capitulate with them that theâ— should be perpetuall friends Liuius Fiue thousand resolute Romans ouercaâ—â— thirty thousande of Methridates souldioâ—â— vvhom hee had chosen throughout all 〈◊〉 kingdom Appian Iulius Caesar entering the Temple of Heâ—â—cules in Gades seeing the heroycall gests 〈◊〉 Alexander set forth vpon the vvalls fell 〈◊〉 the lyke passion for Alexander as he did 〈◊〉 â—â—hilles Plutarch Q. Mutius aduentured alone into the tents 〈◊〉 King Porsenna eyther to kill the King or 〈◊〉 be killed by him for which he purchased 〈◊〉 sirname of Sceuola Liuius Horatius Cocles resisted the whole Armie the same king vntil the cittizens of Rome 〈◊〉 to take vp the drawe bridge and then all armed leapt into the riuer Tyber and escaped his enemies Liuius Perdiccas entered into the dangerous den a Lyonesse and tooke avvay her whelps â—â—rtius Starchaterus to increase his strength fedde â—â— on Beares fleshe and often vsed to drinke â—â—eir blood Olaus Alexander thought himselfe happy if hee â—ight be named Achilles Caesar if he might â—e called Alexander Achilles sought no â—eater name then Theseus Theseus desired 〈◊〉 of Hercules Although Scythia was barren yet was shee oute though rude and barbarous yet was 〈◊〉 very valiant and hard to bee subdued â—iannus Leonides at Thermopyla hauing vnder 〈◊〉 charge but foure thousand souldiours â—â—liantly encountred with the huge Armie of Xerxes and ouercame it to his immortaâ— fame and Xerxes eternall infamie Iustinâ—â— Pyrrhus seeing the fortitude and valourâ— the Romaines sayd If valour were lost thâ— mould thereof might bee founde in a Romans hart adding that hee would quicklie conquer all the worlde if hee were King 〈◊〉 Rome or the Romaine souldiours subiect vnto him Solon made a law that the children whosâ— parents had beene valiantly slaine in battaile should for the prowesse of theyr parents 〈◊〉 euer after maintained of the Common treasurie Thucidides Lucius Dentatus was in sixescore battailes and eyghteene times came away conquereâ— Hee receiued in token of his valour eyghteene Launces twenty Bards for horses foure-score Bracelets and 36. crownes anâ— by his meanes nine Emperours triumpheâ— in Rome It vvas all the manner of the Lacedemonians to
assemble themselues together The Hebrews vsed Trumpets of horn in remembrance of the deliuerance of Isaac what time an horned vveather was offered and sacrificed in his stead Tibia was an instrument of sorrowe and lamentation which men did vse in office and sepultures of dead men beeing like vnto a Shalme or Flute Lyra hath the name for diuersity of sounds and was first inuented by Mercury The Harpe is called Cythera first found by Apollo which Virgill writeth to haue seauen strings that is seauen soundes seauen differences of voyces The Psalterie hath the name of Psallendo for the consonant aunswereth to the note therof in singing The Hebrewes called the Psalterie Decachordon an instrument hauing ten strings according to the number of the ten Commaundements Cymballs are instruments of musick compassed like an hoope and on the vpper compasse vnder a certaine hollownesse hangeth halfe bells fiue or seauen in number Sistrum hath the name of a Lady that first founde the same who vvas Isis Queene of Egypt Among the Amazons the hoast of vvemen is called to battaile with this instrument It is like a horne vsed in battaile in sted of a Trumpet The Bell is also reckoned among the Instruments of musick who whilst hee profiteth others in sounding hee is himselfe consumed and wasted by often smiting Thys was inuented by the Parthians Of Wemen Although Pandora had wisedome from Pallas eloquence from Mercurie beautie from Venus personage from Iuno and from euery other God some gift where-vpon shee is so called yet in the nature of a woman shee brought the whole world to confusion ALthough Eue transgressed before the man yet is the originall of sinning ascribed to Adam because the succession is accounted in men and not in wemen Thucidides was of opinion that those vvemen vvere most honest of whose commendation and disprayse there is least speech vsed Harmonia daughter to Hiero the Syracusan woulde vvillingly haue dyed in the defence of her Country Epicharia a libertine of Rome being made priuie to a conspiracie intended against Nero vvas so constant in secrecie that beeing rent with most cruell torments yet neuer vvould shee bewray any of the parties Tacitus Laeena bitte her tongue in sunder spette it in the face of Hippias the Tyrant in whose honour the Athenian dedicated before the Castle gate a Lyonesse of brasse vvithout a tongue to betoken the steady vertue of silence in her Plinie Araetia taught her Sonne Aristippus phylosophy Mithridates vvife and sisters shewed a far lesse feare of death then Mithridates hymselfe Appian The wife of Asdruball of Carthage ouercome by Scipio shewed a greater resolution to die then Asdruball himselfe Aspasia and Diotima with sacrifice droue of a plague ten yeeres which shoulde haue hapned in Athence Aspasia loued and taught the eloquent Pericles of Athence Nichostrata mother to Euander shevved the Latines their Letters The Sabine women were no lesse helpe to increase Rome then the Troyans at the first beginning The conspiracie of Cataline for which Cicero is so praised was first disclosed by a woman Salust Philip the sonne of Demetrius laying siege to the citty of Scio proclaimed that what bond-man soeuer woulde forsake the Citty and come to him they should haue liberty theyr Maisters wiues the vvemen hearing this came to the walls weaponed fought so fiercely that they repulsed Philip. A deede the men could not doe The Erythians made war vpon the Sciots vvho not able to holde out compounded to depart theyr Citty without armour vvhich when the women heard of they vvould not suffer but counsailed them to carry theyr shield and speare and leaue theyr clothes aunswer their enemies that this was theyr array which they followed auoyding the sâ—ame of the other The Spartane wemen delighted to see their children die valiantly in defence of their country The vvemen of Sagunt in the destruction of theyr Country tooke wepons in hand against Haniballs souldiers VVhen the Armie of the Germaines vvas vanquished by Marius theyr vvemen not obtayning to liue free in Rome in seruice with the Vestals killed themselues and their chidren Portia the wife of Brutus and daughter of Cato when she heard that they both vvere deade beeing carefully watched of her seruants tooke the fire from the harth swallowed the coales Appian The wemen of India are so couragious and bold that they dare leape into the fire with the dead bodies of theyr husbands Alexandra wife to Alexander was Bishop in Iurie nine yeers Antiochus King of Siria had a seruant called Arteon so like him of face and person that when King Antiochus dyed the Queen Laodicea his wife dissembled the matter vntill shee of her owne decree had made another King in Syria Zenobia Queene of the Palmerins beeing very well learned in the Greeke Latine and Egiptian tongues taught them to her tvvo sonnes and wrote an Epitome of the Easterne Histories Chrisostome made a sermon against all wemen because Eudoxia the Emperour Arcadius wife had bolstered Epiphanius against him he mocked at her picture for vvhich cause she endeuoured to banish him againe vvhereof he vnderstanding made a notable Sermon with this beginning Herodias rageth a fresh stomaketh a new daunceth againe seeketh as yet the head of Iohn Baptist. Euseb. In the war that Conradus a Germane Emperour had with the Caâ—ulies hee tooke the Castle and Towne of VVeimsburge then the Emperour commaunded to take all the Gentlemen but the Gentlevvomen should be let goe with as much goods as they could carry but they forsaking their goods carried away their children which the Emperour hearing of commended their vertue and gaue theÌ„ likewise leaue to take their goods The Romans had a law that what soeuer a vvoman with childe longed for shee should haue it the cause was for that Fuluius Torquatus wife longed to see a vvilde man that passed by her doore whom the Knights of Mauritania had taken in hunting in the deserts of Egypt and not seeing him she dyed Aurelius VVhen the Romans vpon a certaine vvager dyd send from the vvarres to Rome to vnderstand what euery mans vvife dyd at home amongst them all the most praysed was the chast Lucrecia for that shee onelie was founde vveauing and all the rest idle Liuius Assiria coÌ„plaineth of the scandall of Semyramis Armenia for Pincia Greece for Helena Rome for Agrippina In the societie of the Druides of Fraunce vvere very many learned wemen of vvhom the Romaine Emperour Aurelian did aske counsaile Vopiscus The greatest part of Asia was conquered gouerned more by the wemen Amazons then with any barbarous people P. Diaco Porus king of India for want of men and too many wemen was ouercome of Alexander Curtius Haniball was alwayes Lorde of Italie vntill hee suffered vvemen to goe to the vvarres vvith him and vvhen hee fell in loue vvith Tamyra at Capua hee immediatly turned his backe to Rome Sylla in the warres against Mithridates and Marius in the warres of the Cimbres had ouer his
the femenine sexe to haue had masculine courages Theana being demaunded what married wife deserued commendation aunswered She that medleth onely with her rocke and spindle that loueth onely her husbands bed and keepeth her tongue in quiet Atheneus The Essenians haue neyther wife nor seruants nor the Dulopolitans called otherwise the Rascalls and Slaues of Citties professed open enemies to all women-kind Iosephus Homer bringeth in Iupiter reprouing and threatning his wife when she is rebellious but neuer further Vpon the Ascention day in Venice the Duke accompanied with all his Nobles in a faire vessel of plesure made Gally-wise goeth in it a mile or two into the Sea casteth there in a ring of gold thinking by this ceremony they so marry the Sea vnto them that all the yeare after they may haue safe passage for their commodities Of Parents Children God hath formed the mind to the perfect mold of truth and vertue carrying it farre from vice wherefore it behoueth Parents to giue their children good education which once taught then is their voyage and Nauigation in this world happy making them thankefull to the occasions of their great good where otherwise neglected they abhorre the remembrance of their Parents when through their damnable liberty and euill examples they haue beene led away SOlon made a law that those Parents in their old age should not be releeued of theyr children which cared not how they practised good manners or profited in letters Timarchides being of wicked life was not ashamed to haue his Sonne of tender yeares to be a viewer and witnes of his wicked lyuing Cic. Verres cared not how his Sonne spent his time whether among harlots or honest persons Cic. Scipio Affricanus being eighteene yeares of age his Father then Consull saued his life at Ticinum and ouercame him that wounded his Father Stat. Vespasian being besieged of the Barbarians in Britania was deliuered by his Sonne Titus Xiphil Lausus the Sonne of Mezentius defended his Father from Aeneas and was slayne of him Virg. Antigonus when hee had obtained a great victory of his enemies hee tendered all the honour at his Fathers feete Rauisius Antigone led her blind Father Oedipus Sophocles Cleobis and Byton drew theyr mother in her Coach to the temple of Apollo Cicero Leo the younger when he had raigned one yeare rendered the crowne againe to his Father Zeno. Aegeus when he saw the ship that his Sonne rode into Crete returne with blacke sailes contrary to promise supposing that hee was slaine threw himselfe from an high rocke into the Sea Ouid. Aelius Tubero had sixteene children of his owne body all of them maried and dwelling in one house with their children and lyuing with him in all peace concord The arrogancy of a childe was the cause that one of the Ephories published the law of testaments wherby it was permitted to euery one from that time forward to appoynt whom he would his heire Among the Romains the child was not admitted to pleade his Fathers vvill after his death by way of action but onely by way of request vsing very humble and reuerent speech of his dead Father and leauing the whole matter to the discretion of the Iudges Patritius Antigonus the Sonne of Demetrius who was taken prisoner by Seleucus when his Father sent him word to giue no credite to any letters he should send for the deliuering vp of certaine townes thereto constrained by Seleucus Antigonus contrariwise writ to Seleucus that he would yeeld him vp all become pledge for him if he would restore his Father Apollonida mother to King Eumenes and to three other of his bretheren accounted her selfe happy because she saw her 3. younger sonnes as it were a garde to theyr elder brother Cato with his owne hande wrote a historie and gaue it to his sonne to the end he might there see the acts of his auncestors learne the skill howe to gouerne the Common-wealth Bercilidus a Gouernour in Sparta sitting at meate did forbid that the younger sorte should doe him reuerence reproouing himselfe of barrennes because he had not begotten any children to doe them the like honor when they were old Cornelia accounted her children to be the chiefest treasure riches that she had Val. In Fraunce there was a Father his sonne condemned to death for treason and iudged to be executed according to the custom of the Country by standing in a Caudron in vvhich they should be boyled to death now it was winter and beeing both naked in the water the sonne began to quake for cold and when the vvater was heated to cry out vvith great impatience his Father persisting immoueable in both sayd Thou sonne of a vile whore canst thou neither abide heat nor cold Augustus commanded the Ladies his children to learne all the offices and qualities wherewith a vvoman might liue be maintained and vvhereof she ought to boast herselfe in such vvise that all the apparrel which they vveare they did spin and weaue saying that a rock became a Ladies girdle asvvell as a Launce becam a Knight or a book a Priest Sueto Annalis being condemned by the Triumuiri fled to a tenant of his who had a homely house was safe hid vntill his son broughâ— the pursuers to the house who killed him Then the Triumuiri rewarded him with his Fathers goods and made him Chamberlain of the Citty but one day beeing drunke and troubling the souldiours they which killed his father murdered him Appian Choranius the vnhappy Father of an vnthrifty sonne prayed the pursuers to spare his life a while till he might sende to his son to speake to Anthony who laughed at him sayd his sonne had spoken but to the contrary Appian Quintus Ciceros brother and his sonne being taken prayed the murtherers to kil him before his sonne but his sonne requested the contrary vvhereupon the souldiers promised to graunt both theyr desires and taking them a sunder by a token killed them both at one instant Appian Ignatius the Father and the sonne fighting together dyed of one vvound when their heads vvere striken of theyr bodies dyd yet imbrace Idem Aruntius could hardly perswade his sonne that would not flie without him to saue himselfe because he was but young his mother sent him afore to the gates and then returned to burie her husband beeing killed and vvhen she shortly after heard that her sonne vvas dead vpon the sea shee famished herselfe Plut. Geta the sonne of Scoponius made a fire in the open place of his house to burie his Father that seemed to be dead whom he had hid in an house in the country where the old man disguising himselfe layde a parchment before his eyes and after the agreement was made hee tooke away the parchment and founde his eyes out for want of vse Appian Oppius sonne minding to take part vvith his olde feeble father bare him on his backe till hee was past the gates and the rest of the vvay
funerals Oceanus was the great God of the Sea Soâ— to Caelum and Vesta the Father of all the Riuers Tethis was Goddesse of the Sea vvife of Oceanus and mother to all the Sea Nymphs Triton was the sonne trumpeter of Neptune begotten by him of Amphitrite Ouid. Glaucus a fisher perceauing the fishes which he had taken by tasting of an hearbe on the banke to leape into the Sea againe tasted therof him selfe and by the vertue therof was forced to leape into the Sea whence he was called one of the Sea Gods Idem Nereus was likewise a God and Nereides the Faieries of the Sea borne of Oceanus and Tethis Proteus a God of the Sea was some-times like a flame of fire somtimes like a Bul some times like a Serpent he fed Neptunes fishes called Phocae Castor and Pollux the twinnes of Laeda begotten by Iupiter in the forme of a Swanne vvhen they came to age scoured the sea of Pyrats therefore vvere counted the gods of the sea For the infernal goods looke in the chapter of hell The Assyrians vvorshipped Belus the Egiptians Apys the Chaldeans Assur the Babylonians the deuouring Dragon the Pharaons the statue of gold the Palestines Belzebub The Romaines chiefely honoured Iupiter the Affricans Mars the Corinthians Apollo the Arabians Astaroth the Aeginians the Sunne those of Achaia the Moone the Sidonians Belphegor and the Ammonites Balim The people of India honored Bacchus the Lacedemonians Ogyges the Macedonians Mercurie the Ephesians the Goddesse Diana the Greekes the goddesse Iuno the Armenians Liber the Troyans Vesta the Latines Februa the Tarentines Ceres the Rhodians Ianus Apollonius Vaginatus vvas worshipped that theyr châ—dren might not cry Ruminus was the God of sucking babes Stellinus of their first going Adeon theyr guide vvhen they vvent well Cunius vvas adored for the safetie of theyr chyldren in Cradles VVhen the Emperour Seuerus vvarred against the Gaules his vvife Iulia was deliuered of a daughter vvhose sister Mesa a Persian sent vnto the Empresse a Cradle for her childe made all of Vnicornes horne fine golde round about vvhich vvas artificially painted the image of the God Cunius Mentalis was theyr God of vvit Fessoria of trauailers and pylgrims Pelonia had the charge to conquer their enemies Rubigo to keepe their Vines from vvormes and the Corne from Locusts Muta vvas theyr God vvhom they prayed vnto to the end that theyr enemies might not speake euill of them Genoria vvas a goddesse among the Grecians vvhich chased away sloth and Stimulia they fained to be a goddesse which hastened them about theyr bâ—sinesse her Image was sette vp ouer the gate of the Senate house Vallonia vvas the goodesse of their vallies Segetia of their seeds Tutillina of their fields Ruana of their Reapers Forculus vvas the god of Goldsmithes Portulus vvas the God of their gates Cardea of theyr doores Psora vvas the goddesse of dishonest vvomen in Rome were 40. streets of common vvomen in the middst of which vvas theyr Temple Theatrica kept theyr Theaters in vvhich might well stand aboue 20. thousand and as many vnderneath her Temple was in the market of Cornelia vvhich Domitian destroyed because in his presence one of the Stages broke and killed many men Pulio Cloacina was goddesse of the stoole and of those that were troubled with the wind Collick Quies of their rest whose Temple Numa Pompilius built without the Citty noting therby that man in this world could neuer haue pleasure or rest The gods of Troy more enuied the gods of Greece then the Princes of Greece did the princes of Troy Vulcan Pallas were their enemies Apollo and Venus their friends The Phylosopher Bruxellis being ready to dye told the Romaines that where in times past they had but 5. Gods namely Iupiter Mars Ianus Berecynthia and Vesta he let for euery one of them a priuate God to 28000. housholds 28000. gods Aurel. The Egiptians although they were the first that excelled in the knowledge of celestiall and naturall things in somuch as Egipt was called the mother of Arts yet they aboue all others superstitiously worshipped Leeks and Onions Macrobius The Heathen honoured thirtie thousand Gods as Hesiodus vvriteth adored three hundred Iupiters as Marcus Varro vvitnesseth M. Cato vvorshipped his grounds desiring them to bring forth in aboundance and to keepe his Cattell safe Diagoras burning an Image of Hercules said Thou must now doe me seruice in this thirteene encounter as well as thou hast done to Euristheus in the other twelue The Assirians vvorshipped as many Gods as they had townes and the Grecians as many as they had fancies Melissus an auncient King of Creet dyd first of all others sacrifice to the Gods Vr Chaldaeorum the fire of the Chaldeans called also Orimasda that is holy fire vvas the first occasion of Idolatry this fire kings caused to be vsually carried before them vppon an horse There arose a great vvarre betvveene the Alleynes and the Armenians the occasion thereof vvas for that as they came to the feast of Olympus they fell in contention vvhether of theyr Gods were the better by reason of vvhich vvarre their CoÌ„monwealth and people were brought into great misery which the Emperour Adrianus perceiuing sent Iulius Seuerus vtterly to ouerthrovve those that vvould not bee ruled by his sentence vvhom he thus pacified willing that the Alleynes should take for their Gods the Armenians Gods and the Armenians the Gods of the Alleynes Pulio de dissol reg Of Antiquities The knowledge of Antiquities first inuention of things was so much in request among the Auncients that Plinie Marcus Varro Macrobius historiographers no lesse graue then true were in great controuersie for proouing what things were most auncient THere were seauen which first gaue lawes to the vvorlde Moses to the Hebrewes Solon to the Athenians Lycurgus to the Lacedemonians Numa Pompilius to the Romans Asclepeius to the Rhodians Minos to the Cretans and Phoroneus to the Egyptians Diod. Siculus All Counsellors and Lawyers of Rome did call the lavves that were most iust Forum in memory of Phoroneus The true and most auncient mettals be not of golde but yron much time passed in the Empire of Rome wherein the Romains had no mony but of brasse or yron the first coyne that was made to be melted in Rome of gold vvas in the time of Scipio Affricanus Corynthus the sonne of Orestes trayned by his Father to scoure the Sea and commit Ilands to spoyle reedifyed the Fortresse of Sisiphus a notorious Pyrat and called it Corinthus by his owne name so that this citty was fyrst built by tyrants gouerned by Tyrants and destroyed by tyrants Rome was builded by Romulus Ierusalem by Salem Alexandria of Alexander Antioche of Antiochus Constantinople before Bizantium of Constantinus Numantia in Spayne of Numa Pompilius In the Cittie of Numantia was but one crafts man he a Smith others they would not consent shoulde liue among theÌ„ saying That all such thinges euery man ought
Emperour beeing praysed for a â—ictory that he obtained aunswered That it â—roceeded from God who made his hands but 〈◊〉 instruments to serue him Iosephus Caesar when hee had ouercome Pompey â—â—oke nothing but his letters left the treaâ—â—re to his Souldiers the like did Alexander â—nd many other Charles the fift was bound by oath not to â—â—ing any forraine Souldiers into Germany Of Felicity Of all the Phylosophers who contended abouâ—â—â—e chiefest felicity the Peripatetikes iudgement to be allowed aboue the rest who said that it â—â—nsisted in the goods of nature fortune and the â—ind of the first are health beauty strength â—ersonage of the second riches loue nobility 〈◊〉 of the third vertue who is deuided â—â—to the foure cardinals For the gifts of the â—ody looke in the head of beauty ARistophanes writ a Comedy called Plutus whom he termed blind where-vpoâ— Demetrius sayd that Plutus was not onely blind e but Fortune also for she many timeâ— bestowed her gifts vpon vnworthy men Ptolomey of a common Souldiour vvas chosen King of Egypt Telophanes of a chariot-wright King of Lidia Darius the son oâ— Histaspis the quiuer bearer of Cyrus king oâ— Persia Agathocles of a Potters sonne King of Sycania and Tamberlaine of a shepheard became King of Scythia Olde Paynters haue drawne Timotheus hee Athenian Captayne in liuely colours harnessed and well weaponed and Fortune standing ouer his head holding in her hands a spreading net where-with-all shee caught Citties and Regions The golde of Tholouse and Seians horse were both infortunate to the possessors Hercules in his challenge at Olympus 〈◊〉 himselfe the vnknowne and fortunate Iason Pheraeus was hurt by his enemie with a sword supposing he had slaine him he left him but the sword opened an impostume in Iason whereby the enemy did heale that although vnwittingly which no Chirurgion was able to cure Cic. de nat deorum Homer faigneth two vessels to be in heauen full of destinies the one of good the other of bad and hee accounteth him happy who equally pertaketh as well of the one as of the other Policrates tyrant of Samos was so fortunate that in all his lyfe hee neuer tasted of greefe or losse howbeit to pertake some sorrow with others hee cast a Ring of an inestimable value into the Sea which was afterwards found in a fishes belly presented to him by a poore fisher-man in the end Policrates was hanged Herodotus Pittacus a Painter made a ladder in a temple at Mitylene seruing to no other vse then as a gift dedicatory to Fortune signifying thereby that those that clymed vp with ease Fortune fauoured and came headlong down if she frowned vpon them Pausanius F. Maximus Marcellus Scipio Sylla Marius and other great Captaines had the oftner charge of Armies committed to them not for theyr valour onely but in regard of their good fortune Cicero The Elizian fields where the Poets fayne the soules of the righteous to abide are in the Ilands of Atlas which we call the fortunate or happy Ilands Homer Sylla hauing got the Dictatorship yeeldeâ— himselfe and all his actions to the fauour oâ— Fortune saying That hee reputed himselfe tâ— be Fortunes child and there-vpon tooke to hiâ— the sirname of Faelix Caesar entering vpon the Sea in a little Frigot and the weather very tempestuous the Pilot making some doubt of waying vp the anchour Caesar sayd Be not afrayd my friend for thou carriest Caesar and his fortune Plut. After the death of Caligula and Nero the Senate caused all theyr riches and Iewels to be burned and buried in vvells fearing that in their tiranicall goods there might be hidden some euill fortune by the possessing of which Rome might be lost the common-wealth impoysoned there-with Suetonius The Emperour Adrian did weare a Ring of gold which he sayde was once the Ring of Drusius Germanicus and it had this poesie engrauen Illis est grauis fortuna quibus est repentina Fortune to them is most greeuous whom she assaulteth sodainly M. Aurelius Bibulus riding through Rome in triumph a tilestone fell from the roofe of a house and killed him Lucia M. Aurelius sister hauing a needle on her breast her child betweene her armes â—aying his hand vpon the needle thrust it into her breast wherof she dyed Cneius Rufferius one day coambing of his head by chaunce did strike one of the teeth into it where-with he gaue himselfe a mortal wound and dyed Aurelius S. Ambrose being in a rich mans house vnderstanding that he had euery thing in affluence and ease presently departed fearing least he should be pertaker of some misfortune afterwards the house was swallowed in an earthquake Theramenes one of the 30. tyrants being at a feast amongst a number vpon whom the house did fall and he only escaping was pronounced happy but he answered O Fortune to what further mischiefe doost thou reserue me Valerius Themistocles before hee vvas elected to beare authority in the common-weale was little worth but when he had once occupied the place of superiority after he was banished his goods being praised amounted in value to an hundred talents Rome was happy in the birth of Cato Censorius Scipio for that the one warred with their enemies the other with their manners Of Fame Fame is one of the parts of good fortune in the opinion of some Philsophers and of the Poets fayned to be the follower of vertuous and noble actions and fitly compared to the shadow wich accompanieth the body and attendeth vppon true honour which is the reward of vertue AMongst the Romaines the linage of the Cornelij was had in great estimation for of them all neuer one was found a coward or a defamed person Marius was neuer offended with any report that went of him because if it were true it would sound to his prayse if false his lyfe and manners should prooue it contrary Salust Antonius the Emperour onely amended his life and manners by the report of those as hee had sent about the Citty to vnderstand what was sayd of him Publicolaes fame was gotten by leading of armes Solons by ciuill actions The fame that Milciades got at Marathon would not suffer Themistocles to sleepe Dionysius as long as he perceaued himselfe to be well reported of he was a good man but when the priuy talke to his defamation came to his eares he then began to leaue his good nature and to exercise all kind of cruelty Diod. The Persians when any of their Countrymens good name was called in question they examined the whole cause of their life and if they found that their good actions did counteruaile their bad they were acquited if otherwise reputed vile and vnworthy of any calling Herodotus Gorgias Leontinus and Protagoras for all the fame of theyr honour and renowne yet notwithstanding were as far from knowledge as boyes from manhood Aelianus Artaxerxes hearing of the fame of Hyppocrates sent vnto the chiefe gouernor of Hellespont earnest letters for him Poore Codrus and
sunder to be filed and scraped to be shauen and carued and made handles for swordes and daggers I meruaile hee forgotte to make dice of them Euilmerodat or Balthazar the son of Nâ—â—buchadnezer gaue his fathers dead body 〈◊〉 bee deuoured of Vultures fearing that hâ— would reuiue againe who of an Oxe couâ—â— become a man Tiberius Nero put one to death that â— craftily tempered glasse that it would bend and bough with Iron beeing himselfe one â— his Crafts-mayster saying That gold and siâ—â—uer if such were permitted would be of no estâ—â—mation Dionysius caused Damocles to sitte in 〈◊〉 chaire of estate abounding with all kinde 〈◊〉 delicacies but ouer his head did hang a nâ—â—ked sword thereby to shew the estate where in tyrants stood Plut. Galba assembling together the people 〈◊〉 three Townes in Spaine vnder colour 〈◊〉 treat of somthing for their wealth caused soâ—dainly to be murdered 7000. among whoâ— was the flower of all the youth Valerius Octauius when hee tooke Perowse chooâ—sing out three hundred of those that haâ— yeelded as well of the better sort as of thâ— vulgar slew them in manner of sacrifices before an alter newly erected Diuo Iulio Suâ—tonius Antonius Caracalla offended with them of Alexandria entering the Citty in a peaceable maner and calling out all their youth into a faire field enclosed them with his Souldiers and at a signe giuen killed them euery one vsing the like cruelty against all the rest and cleane depopulated the Citty Herodianus Volesius Messala being Proconsull of Asia slew with the sword in one day 300. and then walking proudly among the courses with his hands cast abroade as though hee had atchiued a worthy enterprize cryed out O kingly deede Seneca Theodosius the Prince a man consecrated to the true God fradulently calling together at Thessalonica 7000. innocent persons as it were to see plays sent in Souldiers amongst them who slew them Eutropius Of Couetousnes The better hap a man hath to attaine to riches the more is he accursed in being more tormented with the feauers of the mind and vnquietnes This vice is held to be the roote of all euill lacking as well those things which it enioyeth as which it wanteth THE Scithians only make no vse of gold and siluer for euer detesting and condemning the monstrous sinne of couetousnes Solinus Caligula was so couetous that there was no kind of lucre or meane to get money by howe vnlawfull so euer it were which hee sought not out insomuch as he layde a trybute vpon vrine and sold his sisters gownes whom he had sent into banishment Valerius Calipha King of Persia hauing filled a Tower with gold Iewels and precious stones and being in warre against Allan king of Tartary was so ill succoured of his owne people because hee would not giue them theyr pay that hee was taken of Allan and famished in that Tower where all his treasure lay Dionysius the elder and aduertised of one that had hid great store of money commaunded him vpon paine of death to bring it to him which he did although not all but with the remainder dwelt in another place and bestowed it vppon inheritance when Dionysius heard therof he sent him that which he took from him saying Now thou knowest how to vse riches take that I had from thee Hermocrates ready to die bequeathed his goods to himselfe One at the houre of his death swallowed many peeces of gold and sewed the rest in his coate commanding that it should be buried with him Atheneus One besieged in the Tower of Cassilina by Haniball chose rather to sell a Rat which he had taken for 200. Romaine pence then to satisfie his hunger whereof he dyed straight after but the other saued his life by that dere meate Valerius The Popes Camera or Eschequer is lyke vnto the Sea whereinto all Riuers doe run and yet it ouerfloweth not P. Martyr The wife of Lot looking backward turned into a pillar of salt sheweth that none in the way of deliberation should desire things past Augustinus The old Clergy being asked why they cannot liue by theyr holines but by couetousnes aunswered Nunc aliud tempus alij pro tempore mores Polychr Demonica betrayed Ephesus to Brennus of Senona for gold who demaunded her reward of him vvho brought her to a great heape of gold and loaded her so heauy therwith that she died vnder the burden Euclio had hidden such treasure vnder the ground that he durst not go out of his house for feare of robbing nor tarry in it for feare of killing Plautus Adrian sirnamed Sophista when a neighbour of his had sent him a few dainty fishes for a present in a siluer dish hee tooke both the siluer dish and the fishes saying to the messenger Thanke thy maister and tell him I take his fishes for nouelties and his siluer dish for a present Simonides wheÌ„ he was requested to do any thing gratis id est for nothing sayd That he had two chests the one shut vp for thanks the other alwayes open for money Plut. Vespasian when hee heard that a siluer Image of great substance should be made for a monument of his worthines he straight held out his hand saying Behold heere is a place ready to set an Image a sure foundation from falling Vespasian of pure misery niggardship and couetousnes commaunded in Rome to be made publique places to receaue vrine not to keepe the Citty more sweete but to the ende they should giue him more rent Suetonius Simonides beeing demaunded vvhy hee hoorded vp money towards the ende of his old age Because quoth he I had rather leaue my goods to mine enemies then to haue neede of the releefe of my friends while I am aliue Virgill in his sixth booke of Aeneiads putteth those persons in hell which haue done no good to their friends kindsfolk neighbours but haue been wholly wedded to their riches without imparting them to others Virgill Ochus King of Persia would neuer goe into the Country of Perseland because that by the law of the Realme hee was bound to giue to euery vvoman that had borne children one French crowne and to euery woman with child two Plato thought it almost impossible for a man very rich to be honest yet Solon as wise as hee desired to haue riches but not to get them by wrong Plut. Anacreon hauing receaued of Polycrates fiue talents for a gift vvas so much troubled for the space of two nights with care how hee might keepe them and how to imploy them best that he carried them backe againe saying That they were not woorth the paines he had already taken for them Socrates being sent for by K. Archelaus to come receaue store of gold sent him word that a measure of flower was sold in Athencâ— for a penny double and that water cost him nothing Lycurgus abrogated the vse of gold siluer coyne and appoynted Iron money to be currant by this meanes hee banished from them the desire