being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hephurne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers other Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell Musten Major Monypenney Major Sinclaire and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro with divers others Cavaliers of valour experience and of conduct who thereafter were suddainely advanced unto higher charges The victory being ours we incamped over night on the place of Battaile the living merry and rejoycing though without drinke at the night-wake of their dead Camerades and friends lying then on the ground in the bed of honour being glad the Lord had prolonged their dayes for to discharge the last honourable duty in burying of their Camerades Our bone-fiers were made of the enemies Amunition waggons and Pikes left for want of good fellowes to use them and all this night our brave Camerades the Saxons were making use of their heeles in flying thinking all was lost they made booty of our waggons and goods too good a recompence for Cullions that had left their Duke betrayed their country and the good cause when as strangers were hazarding their lives for their freedomes Our losse this day with the Saxons did not exceede three thousand men which for the most part were killed by the enemies Cannon of principall Officers we lost a number and chiefely our horsemen as Colonell Collenbagh Colonell Hall and Addergest and of the foote Colonells the Barron Tivell being all of them brave and valorous gentlemen we lost also foure Lievetenant Colonells together with a number of Rutmasters Captaines Lievetenants and Ensignes Of the Saxons were lost five Colonells three Lievetenant Colonells with divers Rut-masters and Captaines and of inferiours Officers many To the enemy were lost on the field neere eight thousand besides Officers of note such as the Felt-marshall Fustenberg the Duke of Holsten the Count of Shomeberg old Geuerall Tillie hurt and almost taken a number of other Officers of the Field were killed and taken prisoners They lost also thirty two peeces of Cannon with three score waggons of Amunition and their Generall and Papingham were chased towards Hall and from thence were forced with a small convoy to take their flight for refuge to Hamell on the Waser The sixteenth Observation FIrst then we see here the goodnesse that followes on that laudable and Christian custome used by those that doe first begin the workes of their calling with their true humiliation to God by prayers in acknowledging their sinnes and unworthinesse and in renouncing trust or confidence in any thing but in God alone knowing their owne wisdome strength and valour to be of no moment without the speciall aide and assistance of the Almighty and powerfull God who alone can teach our fingers to fight giving victory with few as with many And therefore it was that this Magnanimous and religious warriour with his whole Army publiquely did call on the Lord praying for his assistance against his enemies and for a happy event of the day before he begun to set his Army to worke against their enemies the enemies of God and the true Catholique and Apostolique faith which they had endeavoured to subvert with the professors of the truth to hold up and maintaine the man of sinne and his erronious doctrine by the power of the house of Austria and of the Catholique League We see then this duty being religiously and piously discharged by his Majesty and his Army the fruite was answerable to their desire having obtained victory over our enemies by the good command of his Majesty and the ready obedience dexterity and valour of his Majesties supreme Officers of the field who in all charges did direct those under them to the ready discharge of their duties every one of
or Parapet for their better safeties His Majestie then having ended the morning prayers and that the mist was vanishing away by the rising of the Sunne giving out by all appearance the tokens of a cleare day His Majestie then with comfortable exhortation exhorted every man foote and horse to fight bravely especially directing his speech unto the Swedens and Finnes You true and valiant brethren see that you doe valiantly carry your selves this day fighting bravely for Gods Word and your King which if you doe so will you have mercy of God and honour before the world and I will truely reward you but if you doe not I sweare unto you that your bones shall never come in Sweden againe The Dutch also his Majesty exhorted after this manner You true and worthy Dutch brethren Officers and common Souldiers I exhort you all carry your selves manly and fight truely with me runne not away and I shall hazard my body and bloud with you for your best if you stand with me so I hope in God to obtaine victory the profit whereof will redownd to you and your successours and if otherwise you doe so are you and your liberties lost His Majestie having ended this speech saith now let us to it and let us cry unto God with one voice Iesu Iesu Iesu helpe me this day to fight for the glory of thy Name He advanced then in full Battaile fasting having neither tasted meate nor drinke right forwards towards the Towne of Leitzen where on both sides the Duke of Freedland his Horsemen did present themselves untill such time as their Generall had brought their Infantrie in Battaile beside the Winde-mill and then to a side by the Ditch that was before their Front they retired backe a little and set themselves in Battaile on the right hand of the Towne of Leitzen and then putting the Towne on fire to the end the Swedens on that quarter could doe them no harme Notwithstanding whereof with full resolution the Swedens Armie in full Battaile marched by the side of the Towne on the ditch where their Musketiers were lodged and presented themselves in good order against the mighty and strong Emperiall Armie whereupon the Emperialists great Cannon that were planted by the winde-mill began to give fire in the middest of the Swedens Armie and were incontinent repayed and answered with the like noyse so that the Cannon played two long houres on both sides the fight going bravely on betwixt nine and tenne of the clocke that his Majestie himselfe advanced towards the enemie with the Van-guarde of his Armie even to their Graffe where their Musketiers were set much to his Majestie disadvantage so that sundries of his Majestie forces fell therein Neverthelesse they chased the enemie a little out of the ditch and tooke seven of the Emperialists Cannon that were planted alongst the Graffe After this the other Swedens Briggad or yellow Regiment of the Guard is come after and not esteeming of the Graffe in their way or of the three squadrons or Battailes of the enemies foote being foure times stronger than they which they manfully did beate making them to give ground till they were ruin'd and then on the second time scattering them also even untill the third advancing and being growne weake and wearie with so many brave Charges being resisted by the enemies third Battaile which were seconded well with two squadrons of horsemen at last with the blew Regiments comming up to relieve them driven backe and almost so scattered that they were ruined and the seven Cannon which formerly they had wonne were taken from them againe In the meane time the Swedens small Cannon that were planted before the Briggads being righted on the enemies Cannon at the winde-mill whereon also Duke Barnards Cannon which were before his Briggad played on the enemies Cannon towards the wind-mill doing great hurt to the enemie so that they were forced to retire their Cannon a little behinde the Millars house in this meane time his Majestie with some squadrons of horse charged the enemie that was thrice stronger than they charging with their right wing his left wing falling on them with such surie that their Reare-guard or reserve were astonished being so furious that they went through their enemies putting them to the flight But especially his Majestie himselfe having charged too farre with foure Cornets in the midd'st of the enemies troopes being deadly wonded gave up the Ghost fighting for God and for the defence of the true Religion he departed valiantly and happily for him in Christ our Saviour Neverthelesse two great bodies of Crabbats of the enemies left wing stood firme and falling on the right wing of the Swedens horsemen with such a crie and furie advanced so farre that they were Masters of the Swedens Amunition waggons bringing also some of the Swedens horsemen in disorder whereupon incontinent did fall on three squadrons of the Swedens horsemen under whom Lievetenant Colonell Relingen was one that did second the rest bravely who was shot in the Arme. Neverthelesse the Crabbats were beaten backe againe with losse during which time Duke Barnard of Wymar was not idle with the left wing of the Swedens horsemen but with the commanded musketiers being of Leslies Regiment and with the small Cannon charged the enemies right wing making them retire on their Cannon by the wind-mill and Gallowes and after long fighting they were made at last to give ground quitting to the Swedens fourteene peeces of great Ordinance As the Duke of Wymar did charge the enemie their Amunition waggons tooke fire which did indammage the enemie much but thereafter Papenhaim comming from Hall with a fresh supplie unlooked for the service was begunne againe more sharpe and violent than before which continued for a while very vehement he having recollected the scattered Troopes the Order whereof can scarce bee well set downe by reason it was so neere night before Papenhaims comming yet the service continued hot and cruell so long as he lived till it was past eight a Clocke at night that in end Papenhaim being kill'd the Emperialists losing courage through the assistance of God and the manly and valiant courage of Duke Barnard of Wymar the victorie was come on the Swedens side the enemie having quit the field and burnt off his Leaguer with his whole Baggage and three peeces of Cannon which he could not get carryed away with him hee tooke his retreate againe on Leipsigh There were killed of the Emperialists the Abbot of Fulda the Grave Fon Papenhaim Colonell Lane Colonell Vestrum Lievetenant Colonell Lorâ— Livetenant Colonell Taphim Lievetenant Colonell Camerhooffe Colonell Soâ—es with many other inferiour Officers and Souldiers On the Swedens side were lost with his Majestie Generall Major Isler Colonell Gerstorfe Generall Major Grave Neeles a Sweden Colonell Vildesten and divers more were hurt and of our Nation was hurt with the Cannon and musket twice Captaine Henry Lindesey brother to Bainshow who for a time
Artillerie Having thrown some fiery Granades on the houses and seeing they wrought no effect I hired a stout souldier with a Pike to reach a firye Ball I had made upon the top of the next house that lay to the Castle which in the end was fired so that the whole street did burne right alongst betwixt us and the enemy who was then forced to retire both his Cannon and souldiers and not without great losse done unto him by our souldiers by meanes of the fire-light where other two Officers and eighteene of their souldiers were killed The day cleering up I fell out after with fourescore Musketiers and tooke thirteene Crabbats prisoners The Army leaving us for that time they marched forwards for the releefe of Colberg and I retired to the towne to comfort the Burgers for their losse sustained by the fire caused through necessitie having no other meanes to escape our enemies fury I being retired to the Castle and the enemy marching to Colberg having made up eighteene Dragoniers to march after the enemy for bringing me intelligence if his Majesties forces from Statin were come betwixt the enemie and Colberg my party retiring shewes that the field Marshall Gustave Horne and Colonell Mackey that cōmanded the cōmanded musketiers were joyned with Kniphousen Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne and were lying over-night before a passage betwixt the enemy and Colberg The next morning being darke till nine aclock with a thick mist the horsemen charging one another they came in confusion on both sides being affrighted alike retired from each others with the losse of fourescore men on both sides The particulars whereof I will not set downe having not seene the service though I was within hearing of their Cannon and Muskets both Two horsemen of Bawtish Regiment that had charged through the enemy came and reported to me openly in presence of many souldiers that the Swedens were all beaten I being offended at the manner of their report I caused to imprison both the horsemen till I knew greater certainty and calling my souldiers together I was prepared for the enemies returne But he passing by a mile from us I sent Dragoniers to cut off his passage giving them charge to cut off the Bridges but his Dragoniers being there before mine to be quit of their ill my Dragoniers returned againe in safetie allowing passage to their enemies within few dayes after having escaped this inconvenience I was recalled from thence by his Majesties order to joyne with the Felt-marshall Horne then at Griffinberg with a party of the Armie where before my departing I took an Attestation from the Amptman of the Castle of the good order and Discipline that was kept by vs there And being glad I was rid with credit of such a place I marched to Griffenberg to finde the Felt-Marshall The second Observation THe fore-sight of a wise Commander availes much in preventing the intentions of our Enemies First in besetting the passages through which he might come upon us which doth hinder his march in giving us the longer time to bee prepared for his comming Next the farther our wings are spred without us our Body is the better guarded by good intelligence Thirdly by this meanes wee can the better provide our Army with thinges necessary Fourthly the passages without being kept they being next the Enemy wee can have the more timely advertisement of our enemies designes so soone as they are hatched This Cavaliere Kniphowsen though hee was unfortunate he had both the Theorie and Practick befitting a Commander whom once I did heare say that one Ounce of good Fortune was to be preferred before a Pound weight of Wit which hee knew well by his owne experience and to my knowledge though hee was unfortunate himselfe yet Cavalieres under his command could learne by him much good order and discipline And though in his life-time hee loved not our Country-men Neverthelesse for the love I carried to his vertues I would not omit to make mention of his worth No feare of danger or death can be an excuse to a man to serve the Publique in his calling Before I was commanded to enter this Towne the Infection was great yet none of us did forbeare to converse with the Sicke though daily examples of mortality were frequent amongst us for on our Watches wee knew not the cleane from the foule Neverthelesse it behoved us all to passe on our duties as wee were commanded and though I know no reason for it fewer Souldiers dyed of the infection than Burgers Yet one rare Sparke being a resolute fix Souldier with a Musket as ever I commanded dyed here of the Pest called Andrew Monro who being but Eighteene yeares of age though little of stature no toyle nor travell could overset him and as hee was stoute so he was merry and sociable without offence such another was his Cozen Iohn Monro Kilternies grand-child who dyed of a burning Feaver being alive without feare before his Enemy and of a merry and quicke disposition I made onely mention of their names because they lived vertuously and dyed with farre more credit then if they had dyed at home where their names had never bin recorded for their worth and vertues It is the duty of a Commander to whom a Frontier Garrison is put in trust timely to fore-see all wants and defects about the place hee is trusted with as to repaire the workes to provide it with victuals with powder with Ball Match and Armes for it were not good hee had his materials to seeke when hee is resolved to begin his worke Likewise his workmen if they bee not sufficiently furnished before-hand he will be forced to dismisse them before his worke be credibly ended his over-seers must be also good and diligent otherwise there may bee too many crevises in their building and he himselfe must give good example in overseeing all and in fore-seeing of all inconveniences not trusting unto others to discharge those duties hee is bound to discharge himselfe and in case of extremity of danger hee must ever bee the first himselfe to looke unto it and the last in comming from it otherwise hee can neither maintaine the place nor his credit Hee must also be very modest and secret in not revealing the dangers hee fore-sees but be amending of them for feare to discourage others Likewise wee see here that it is alike with a Commander keeping a strength sometimes as it is with a body whereof some members are infected with a Canker that to preserve the body they must resolve to lose a member as it was with us at this time being forced to burne a part of the Towne to preserve the rest and our selves otherwise all must have beene lost But God favouring us by the winde that obeyeth when hee commandeth and the Element of the Fire also supplying the defect wee had of Water in our Graffe being but dry on that side wee were guarded with fire in stead of water and that bravely
and the word was given God with us a little short speech made by His Majestie being in order of Battaile we marched towards the enemie who had taken the advantage of the ground having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote Artillerie and horses he also did beset the Dorpes that invironed the ground which was left for us with Dragoniers and Crabbats to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood yet notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground Wind and Sunne our magnanimous King and Leader under God inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of for wisedome courage dexteritie and good Conduct he was not dejected but with magnanimitie and Christian resolution having recommended himselfe his Armie and successe to God the Director of men and Angells able to give victory with few against many He ordered his Armie and directed every supreame Officer of the Field on their particular charge and stations committed unto them for that day As also he acquainted them severally of the forme he was to fight unto and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers by fifties which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in discharging their duties on service Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery how to carry themselves which orderly done the commanded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie with a distance betwixt every Briggad that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads all foure being in one front having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad being foure pieces of great Cannon and eight small whereof foure stood before the Colours that were the Battaile of the Briggad with Amunition and Constables to attend them on the right hand Pikes before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon with Amunition and Constables conforme and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon as we said before Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Reserve with their Artillery before them standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads with the like distance betwixt them as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them were placed on the right and left wings of the foote and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve to second the foote as neede were other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads The Felt-marshall Horne Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen his Majestie the Baron Tyvell and Grave Neles were to command the Battaile of foote Sir Iames Ramsey as eldest Colonell had the command of the fore-Troopes or commanded Musketiers and Sir Iohn Hepburne as eldest Colonell commanded the three Briggads of Reserve Our Armie thus ordered the Duke of Saxon and his Feltmarshall Arnhem having ordered their Armie whereof I was not particularly inquisitive of the manner they were ordained to draw up on our left hand and being both in one front thus ordered we marched in Battaile a little and then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake
unworthy fellowes their blemishes I pressed to cover notwithstanding afterwards some of the Officers amongst themselves came to a publique hearing having blamed one another till the question and disgrace was taken away by shewing their particular courage in fighting one against another whereof I kept my self free suffering them to deale amongst them being Country-men This kinde of Panicke feare without cause doth betray many brave men and divers good enterprizes And therfore all good Commanders ought most carefully to looke unto it to avoyde the inconveniences incident unto the like while as they leade either partie or Armie Wee once marching through a woode towards Franckfurt on the Oder the white Regiment marching in the Van having a naturall foole that marched alwayes before them going within a bush throwing off his clothes returning naked and crying he had seene the enemie the whole Souldiers of that Briggad throwing downe their Armes they ranne backe on the next Briggad being Swedens and they running also away till they were holden up with pikes by our Briggad being the third who having stood and asked the reason of their running away in end being found a false and a foolish Alarum the poore foole was pittifully cut and carved by the Officers for the Souldiers phantasticke feare being a poore revenge for their cowardize so that we see by the example of the third Briggad that the best remedie against such Panicke feares is not to feare at all and none should leade Armies but those that are both wise and stout The thirty-seventh Duty discharged of our up-breaking from Nurenberg towards Newstat AFTER this last dayes service his Majestie having intrenched his Armie before the Emperiall Leaguer and finding them unwilling to hazard the Combate as also the scarcitie of victuals growing so great on both sides his Majestie resolved to beset Nurenberg with foure Regiments Fowles his Regiment being one Generall Major Kniphowsen had the Command over the Swedens and Generall Major Salammers-dorffe had Command over the Burgers and the Rex-chancellor Oxesterne was appointed by his Majestie to have the direction of all His Majestie leaving Nurenberg in this manner in the night he sent away his great Cannon with a Convoy towards Newstat and before day the whole Drummes had orders to beate first afore troope gathering and then a march so that we were in readinesse standing in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer by day where we stood till mid-day and then the whole Armie was commanded to make a quarter Toure to the right hand making our front before to be our left Flancke whereon our Coulours and small Ordinance did march and our right wing being our Van we marched off in view of the enemie Duke Bernard of Wymare with a thousand horse and five hundred musketiers commanded by my Lievenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who was appointed to march in the Reare for making our Retreate good which in a manner was needlesse seeing our enemie lacked courage to follow us but suffered us to depart in peace At night we drew up in Battaile a mile from the enemies Leaguer where we incamped setting forth strong watches of horse and musketiers on the passes betwixt us and the enemie and our Reare-Guarde betwixt us and them and our owne Guardes without our Briggads so having quietly past over the night the next morning we marched to Newstad being the fifteenth of September where we resolved to stay a few dayes attending what the Emperiall Armie would undertake having still an eye in our necke-pole We got intelligence that the Duke of Fridland Walestine and the Duke of Bavere did breake up with their Armies taking their march through Furt towards Boocke and then to Forcham burning off all the dorpes that lay nearest Nurenberg being all the valiant deedes they had done the whole Summer and the fourteenth of September being quite gone divers Burgers and Souldiers of the Nurenbergers with the Countrie Boores in all haste ranne unto their Leaguer where they found a thousand waggons besides those were burnt which they transported to Nurenberg together with a great quantitie of Iron above tenne thousand Centeurs of waight and a great quantitie of meale corne and flesh which all in foureteene dayes was not brought unto the Towne after their going whereat many did wonder The enemie also left behind them many sicke and wonded Souldiers uncured amongst whom all that time death was very frequent aswell of men as of beasts for thousands of horse and cattell were lost Likewise in the Swedens Leaguer about the Citie were fallen above foure thousand horse and cattell and within the Citie were also many dead As Walestine was come to Forcham he directed Generall Major Galasse with some horse and foote unto the Woigkeland who in his march by Nurenberg did deale very slightly with Lawffe Griffenberg Welden and Harchbrook which he tooke in and Griffenberg he burnt and in the rest he caused to cut off divers Burgers and Souldiers making many poore men with plundering and cruell exactions of mony and from thence in Woiteland towards Egger and further till he joyned with Holke being both as Simeon and Levi continuing their march towards the Elve taking in Kemnets Friberg Meissen and divers other partes exacting great contribution and borneshets or compositions pressing an infinite deale of money out of the Duke of Saxons hereditary lands using great and extraordinary enormities over the whole lands belonging to the Saxon by reason the Dukes Armie lay then farre off in Silesia not being possible for him to releeve his owne Countrey Walestine also from Forcham marched towards Saxonie and the Duke of Bavaria to quench the fire that was already kindled there by the Swedens marched to Bavere The Emperiall Armie thus separated his Majestie laie still at Newstad till such time as he saw their severall intentions and then disposing of his Armie accordingly First the Marquesse of Hamilton was gratiously dismissed by his Majestie taking his journey from thence towards France unto Brittaine and having taken leave of his Majestie at Newstad his Excellence was most honourably conveyed by the whole Officers his Country-men that served the Swedens who having taken leave of his Excellence a mile from the Leaguer they returned and his Excellence accompanied with Sir Iames Hamilton of Priestfeild Colonell Sir Iames Ramsey called the Faire Colonell and Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell having taken good night of all their Noble Camerades they continued their journey unto Brittaine and we returned to prepare our selves for a march and a separation which immediatly the next day did follow his Maiestie having given orders to call in all Safe-guardes and the next morning to be in readinesse to march The thirty-seventh Observation THE separation of these two mightie Armies was wonderfull without shot of Cannon Musket or Pistoll the like we can hardly finde in any Historie We see then here that when the foundation of mans actions is laid sure by vertue the building hardly can faile especially when we
as lieth in our power And we must not preferre the safety of our owne bodies to the publique weale of our Camerades and countrimen dead or living but we ought with the hazard of our owne lives to bring off the dead and hurt An example of this duety we have in the person of the President of Chassangne treating of the Iewes law that did command that the bodies of their dead enemies should not lie unburied Casar caused to be buried the head of his enemy Pompey and wept at his death as Valerius Maximus reports in his fift booke and sixt Chapter Hercules is thought to have bin the first that ordained to bury the bodies of those killed on service and David calls them blessed that were so thankefull as to have buried Saul Iudas Macchabie did cause to bury the bodies of the enemy killed in battaile and Alexander restored unto the mother of Darius the dead bodie of her sonne Hanniball did burie the body of his enemy Marcellus as Valerius affirmes It is also expedient for the common-weale that the bodies of the dead be buried and Leonard Darez reports that Cyrus Alexander and Caesar did recommend their funeralls to their friends as Lievetenant Rosse did his to his Captaine and me which we performed in the best manner we could for the time If Pagans had such regard to their burialls Christians should be more carefull whose bodies sometimes were the receptacles of the holy Spirit and of the immortall soule created to Gods owne Image Here also I would report the commandement that we reade in the second chapter verse 23. of the fourth booke of Esdras Where thou findest the dead put them in the grave with a certaine marke and I will give thee the first seate in my resurrection and the wise Ancients said men should looke unto the end My exhortation then is to all my worthy countrimen and women that were interessed in our losses in this dayes service to consider that when these gentlemen and Cavaliers were borne that they were marked and ordained to die honourably fighting in the good cause and for the liberty of our Kings daughter the Queene of Bohemia and her distressed Royall Issue under the magnanimous King of Denmarke our Master who for her Majesties libertie did hazard not onely his life but his crowne let them then that are interessed as said is in this our losse consider againe that they died with great honour and reputation seeing they live eternally in their fame having laid downe their lives as servants of the publique if not for their country yet at least as cannot be denied for the liberty of their Kings Royall Issue It then became them well to have died standing Therefore those mothers friends or Sisters are to be condemned that mourne for them that live after their death in their fame and though their griefe be great let them shed no teares for feare it become of them as became of that Ancient woman called Vicia mother to Futius Geminus who was killed at Rome for having wept at the death of her sonne that had lost his life in the publique service as reporteth Tacitus in his 6 booke of his Annals and our Saviour in the Evangelist Saint Luke doth forbid the widdow to weepe for her sonne that was dead and St. Paul writing to the Thessalonians saith Brethren I would not have you ignorant of the estate of those that are asleepe to the end you do not over-mourne as those do that are without hope Therefore let us forbeare all teares for those departed and if we should mourne let us mourne with teares even those most pretious teares for sinne these are the Christian teares that should be shed from our hearts to reconcile us unto God those teares are as the bloud of the soule hurt and wounded with the sense and feeling of our sinnes before God these are the teares that drawe Gods mercy upon us as David cried unto God in the 56 Psalme Thou hast counted my wanderings and put my teares in thy bottle are they not in thy Register Therefore though we be grieved at the losse of our friends and at the losse of the day Yet ô God make us thankfull unto thee for our deliverance that we may rejoyce at our owne safety The seventh Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Owldenburg unto Assens in Denmarke by Sea HAving thus past the day at Owldenburg the night the friend of Cowards coming on what we durst not have done by day being favoured by the mooneshine when all were wearied with hot service and toyle in the day begun to take rest and refreshment by their fires in the Leager all Guards relieved and centries set out being all of us after a great storme in a quiet calme we begin to take our retreat to the water our Generall being full of feare and suspition goes before and our Colonell also we follow having the avant-Guard according to our Orders for going a ship-board which orders were willingly obeyed perceiving the danger was to follow and in consideration that long before the Lievetenant Colonell Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey and Captaine Forbesse being hurt had retired for their safeties towards the Isle of Feamor and from thence to Denmark to be cured I supplying the place of the Major our Regiment orderly retiring from the enemy Captaine Mac-Kenyee and my brother Obstell who before were companions in the day of danger in the night did march together leading off the Regiment to be secured and I bringing up the Reare accompanied with some other Officers we had no doubt of our safe retreate the whole army being behind us made us halte the oftner taking paines to bring up our hurt and sicke men we marched but softly Py a Pyano at last by ten a clocke of the night we arrived on the shore and drew up in battell attending the Colonells command for shipping who had gone himselfe unto the Roade amongst the ships to provide shipping but could get no obedience the feare was so great amongst the marriners having heard the roaring and thundring of cannon and muskets in the day feare so possest them all that they lacked hands to worke and hearts to obey and the Colonell coming a shore without bringing of ships to receive us we made use of the time our Camerades the horsemen having come before us who ever begin confusion were without orders forcing ships to take in their horses and had already possessed the whole Bulworke and shipping with their horse I asking my Colonells leave drew our whole Colours in front and our Pikes charged after them our musketiers drawne up in our reare by divisions fortifying our reare in case the Enemy should assault us in our Reare and then I advanced with our Colours alongst the peere our Pikes charged we cleered the Peere of the Horsemen suffring them to save themselves from drowning where they found the Channell most shallow and advancing thus to the end of the Peere we seazed upon one ship with
service went on afresh where Lievetenant Seaton his Company alone led by Lievetenant Lumsdell in absence of their owne Officers being then all under cure there was lost of Seatons Company above thirtie valourous Souldiers and the Lievetenant seeing Colonell Holke retiring desired him to stay a little and to see if the Scots could stand and fight or not The Colonell perceiving him to jeere shooke his head and went away in the end Captaine Mac-Kenyee retired softly from his enemy keeping faces towards them with credit till he was safe within workes And then made ready for his march towards Wolgast to finde his Majestie of Denmarke The nineteenth Observation HEre we see that when his Majestie of Denmarke did quit the protection of Trailesound unto his Majestie of Sweden Sir Alexander Lesly being made Governour following the example of Iustinian the Emperour to put his authoritie in practize He commanded out a partie and was obeyed by those he commanded which should incourage all brave Cavaliers to serve well and faithfully where they serve without spot or blemish that in the end they may expect so great a reward from so great a Master as we see here bestowed for valour and fidelitie upon our Country-man being trusted with such a charge on a frontier Garrison though a stranger before his Majesties owne Country-men where he againe following the example of Alexander the Great who caused a Combat to be fought with one of Darius Captaines before the Armie should fight and his Captaine returning victorious he I say tooke that as a good presage of his future fortune in beating of Darius his Armle Tacitus saith also that the Germanes were wont to fight and try their valour first after this manner by parties for presages of greater service to follow And we finde that the valourous Generall Scanderbegge King of Epirus did fight many Combats himselfe for to give good presages of future victories whose fortune was till his death to be ever victorious The like fortune I heartily wish to this noble and worthy Cavalier happie alreadie and blest in bringing honour to his Country being in all his time beyond apprehension happily excellent To conclude then this observation here we may see the bene fit of good order where those that were in great danger are happily preferved by the goodnesse of good order and discipline and by the timely succours of their valourous Camerades taking the enemies blowes and shots in their owne bosomes to rescue their friends from danger to the great prayse of that noble Sparke Captaine Mac-Kenyee being full of worth as the purest orientall Diamond shining amongst the greatest Stones who did scorne to turne face from his enemies but retired orderly offending his enemy in defending his friends till both he and they were returned with credit though with losse for where order is kept as in this retreate was done by that noble Sparke all things flourish and thrive and I wish from my heart he had followed his profession for though he be honourable enough as he â—s none can blame me for wishing him better he having once commanded me and shall still while I live The twentieth Dutie discharged of the Regiments March to Wolgast and of their Retreate unto Denmarke HIS Majestie of Denmarke having given over the protection of Trailsound unto the King of Sweden immediatly after he did ship some forces of foote and horse in Denmarke which he did land at Wolgast in Pomeren of intention to patronize the Dukedome of Pomeren against the Emperour And being come to Wolgast his Majestie did recall the remainder of our Regiment from Trailesound who were not then foure hundred strong at their out-coming having lost in six weekes neare five hundred good men besides Officers the Regiment led then by Captaine Mac-Kenyee in the absence of his Superiours he continued his March towards Wolgast where they joyned with his Majesties Armie being no sooner arrived they were instantly commanded on service The enemy having falne strong against his Majestie he did plant fourteen pieces of Ordnance and playd on the Kings battell till his Majestie perceiving the danger not being bastant to resist the enemy retired confusedly in great haste to Wolgast and having lost without fighting the greatest part of his Armie our Regiment and the remnant of Spynies Regiment had beene cut off had not Rutmaster Hoome and some of his Camerades of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse charged the Enemy thrice keeping them up till the most part of his Country-men were retired in safetie and then were made by their enemies to retire at the spurres themselves having endangered their owne safeties for the good of their Camerades His Majestie finding the enemy pressing hard fearing much to be surprized or taken he did give Captaine Mac-Kenyee charge to coÌ„mand the whole Scots that were there and divers others and to skirmish with the enemy before the Ports till his Majestie were retired and then to make his retreate over the Bridge and to set it on fire which the Captaine did orderly obey doing his Majestie the best service was done him in the whole time of his warres not without great danger of the Captaine and his followers where the Bridge once burning he was then the happiest man that could first be shipped Ensigne Lindesey brother to Bainsho was shot with a Cannon-Bullet in his shoulder and notwithstanding was brought off and miraculously cured The Regiment thus shipped they met with their Colonell being come from Scotland with the Recreut who retired with his Majestie unto Denmarke and were mustered The twentieth Observation IN defence of this Towne of Trailesound our Regiment did lose neare five hundred men and of the remnant escaped both of Officers and Souldiers I doe not thinke one hundred were free of wounds received honourably in defence of the good cause Who will then say but that bloud was better lost than kept when it returnes with advantage having brought eredit to themselves and Countrey Let none then mourne for the losse gotten so honourablie Let none then I say bedew their eyes for them we left behinde us seeing the gaine is equall to the losse if not more for them we had we knew were not alwayes to stay yet what we have gained is permanent and eternall those we lost I confesse we loved yet that love ought not to be so violent as to undoe our selves with wanting of it Neither can we so slenderly forget their memory being our noble friends and who were ornaments to our Regiment and Country and helpers of our credits Shall we not then be sorrowfull for their losses that lost themselves to make us renowned in their deaths and while they lived were our most faithfull and loving Camerades even unto their last breath But since they are gone before us to take in quarters in heaven following their great Captaine who hath made the way open for them being stricken as Iob saith by the hand of the Lord and yet placed at his right hand
from the enemy in making them give ground he possessed the mill on the other side of the passe till the rest of the commanded Musketiers did follow the enemy to the Castle where Kniphowsen with his Forces did advance the passe being free His Majestie having given Orders where the Batteries should be made giving Generall Banier charge to attend the Armie as it begunne to grow darke his Majestie accompanied by Colonell Tivell went to appoint the place where the approaches should beginne where the Guards should be kept that were to guard the workmen in case of an out-fall where presently both the Guards and the men that should worke were commanded forth with sufficient Officers to oversee them Likewise there were men commanded from every Regiment proportionably for making the Batteries and a strong Guard was appointed to guard the Cannon against an out-fall others were commanded from every Regiment to make more Cannon Baskets and the Furiers with Convoyes were ordained to returne to Letts for bringing of Proviant to every Regiment This all orderly done he that had meate in his Knapsacke being free of dutie could invite his Camerade to supper and make merry till he were commanded on dutie himselfe where divers did eate that were not sicke on the morrow The enemy perceiving the next morning the Guards by the approaches saluted them with Cannon and Musket and were saluted againe though not so kindly as friends doe one another The service continued the whole day his Majestie oft visiting the Castle being hardest prest as of most consequence for the Castle once wonne the Towne could not hold out Vpon the Castle were seaven Companies of Colonell Holks Regiment who fearing to be blowne up by a Mine entred in treatie and were content to take service under his Majestie and to render their Colours which immediatly was agreed upon and their Colours brought to be planted and spred on our Batteries as tokens of his Majesties victory The Cannon in the meane time from our Batteries thundring till night on their workes they begunne to be discouraged finding the Castle was given over they were out of hopes to maintaine the Towne longer The next morning Captaine Beaton of our Regiment having the guard in the Trenches the enemy falling out strong the Dutch retired and gave ground while our folke maintained their Poast valiantly in sight of his Majesty who commanded Generall Bannier with some Musketiers of Here-Tyvells Regiment and ours led on by Major Potley an English Cavalier of good worth to second the Guards and to beate backe the enemy in plaine champagne Generall Bannier advanced the enemy playing hard with cannon on them Notwithstanding whereof entering the skirmish the enemy was beate backe not without great losse on both sides where I cannot but commend Bannier his carriage being in sight of his King as his Majesty did commend our Nation for their good behaviour and charity for a Captaine of Banniers Regiment being left for dead on the field his countrimen for feare refusing to bring him off he was voluntarily brought off by our countrimen to their great praise who after disdaining his Camerades and thanking our countrimen he died of paine and agony before night After this show made of courage by the besieged they being discouraged desired a Parle where Major Greeneland an English Cavalier then serving the Emperour was sent out to make the accord with his Majesty pledges delivered by both the accord agreed on was subscribed where it was concluded the Governour should march out with flying Colours and Armes and with two peeces of Ordinance with bâ—g and baggage and a convoy to the next Emperiall Garrison providing the Governour should leave behinde him all cannon being threescore peeces of Brasse all store of Amunition and victuall and all spare Armes and to march forth precisely the next day by twelve of the clocke But had the Governour the Duke of Savellie bin so valorous as those he commanded he might in respect of the season situation of the Towne have kept the City a moneth longer so that to our Iudgments he was no good Souldier knowing his Generall was able to relieve him The enemy thus march't away and his Majesty having beset the Garrison heareing Generall Tylly with a strong Army had taken resolution to visit his Majesty in Maclenburgh he stood not long on advisement but out of hand disposed of his Army couragiously wisely and circumspectly as the event did witnesse his Majesties good command an resolution Damaine beset with Swedens Generall Bannier was ordained to stay there for to command the Garrison and to keepe correspondence with his Majesties and with others in case of Tyllies coming Generall Major Kniphowsen was sent with his owne Regiment and six companies of my Lord of Rhees commanded by his Lievetenant Colonell Bainshâ—w to lie at new Brandenburg Major Sinclair with two companies was ordained to lie at Triptowe the Grave Fonottenburg with his Majesties Regiment of horse and my squadron of Foote was appointed to lie at Malchene his Majesty himselfe with the rest of the Army were to lie at Pooswell being the passe unto Pomeren and to the Oder Felt-marshall Horne being recall'd with his forces from Landsberg was ordained to lie at Freedland all having their instructions and orders in writ which they durst not passe one jot to th' end that where ever Tyllies Army would settle the rest of our Army from the severall Garrisons should come together to relieve the party besieged if his Majesty thought fitting So leaving Damaine having lost three hundred men before it our march houlds out according to our severall orders and instructions The fifth Observation ALL things were atchieved unto here by the goodnesse of a glorious order being seconded with skilfull and valorous Officers and Souldiers obedient even unto death every one by revolution keeping his certaine time and turne and that with strictnesse each being greedy of their owne honour and advancement under this noble King and Generall who liked of no wicked Souldier living out of compasse and rule such as were birds of the Divells hatching all such were banished from this Army that was led by Pious and religious Gustavus of never dying memory who could not abide any that would profaine Gods ordinance or that refused to give obedience to good orders Here at Letts before our rising to Dameine I could not but pitty though an enemy the Italian Governour that commanded in Letts who suffered himselfe the place and his followers to be surprised knowing of the Armies approach for we see by his example that goods evill conquest with great paines are soone lost going away with wings swifter then the winde whereof Histories are full of examples to which purpose I will inferre one story I have reade of Hugolene Gerrardesque Depise as records Paulus Aemilius in the eighth booke of the French story This Hugolene being a Commander for the Pope over the Guelfes having chased a part of the Gibelins
all the Briggads to be in readinesse with their Armes against the next orders this command given some of the commanded men that were under Sinclaire suspecting a storme provided themselves of some ladders By five of the clocke in the afternoone his Majestie comming towards our Briggade called for a Dutch Captaine under Hepburnes Regiment named Guntter and desired him to put on a light corseles with his sword drawne in his hand and to take a Sergeant and twelve other good fellowes with him and to wade through the graffe and then to ascend to the top of the wall and to see if men could be commodiously lodged betwixt the mud-wall of the towne and the stone-wall and then to retire so suddenly as they might which being done his Majestie getting resolution that there was roome betwixt the two walles to lodge men the Briggads being alreadie in battaile they fall on at a call the Captaine being retired without hurt whervpon his Majestie directed Bannier and Hepburne with our Briggad to passe the graffe and to storme And if they repulsed the enemy from the outward wall to lodge under the stone wall betwixt both the walles and if the enemy fortuned to retire to presse in with him the like orders given to the rest of the Briggads all being in readinesse his Majestie having a number of Cannon great and small charged on the batteries caused to give notice at all postes that when the Cannon had discharged the first Salve in the midst of the smoake they should advance to the storme as they did where in passing the graffe we were over the middle in water and mud and ascending to storme the walles there were strong pallessades so well fastened and fixt in the wall that if the enemy had not retired from the walles in great feare we could not but with great hazard have entred The enemy feebely retiring our Commanders and Leaders following their orders received from his Majestie we presse to follow in after the enemy at a great sallying port that was betwixt both the walles that opened with two great leaves where they entred after their Retreate they planted a flake of small shot that shot a dozen of shot at once besides which there were set two peeces of small Ordinance that guarded also the entrie and musketiers besides which made cruell and pittifull execution on our musketiers and pikemen the valorous Hepburne leading on the battaile of pikes of his owne Briggad being advanced within halfe a pikes length to the doore at the entry he was shot above the knee that he was lame of before which dazling his senses with great paine forced him to retire who said to me bully Monro I am shot whereat I was wondrous sorry his Major then a resolute Cavalier advancing to enter was shot dead before the doore whereupon the Pikes falling backe and standing still Generall Banier being by and exhorting all Cavaliers to enter Colonell Lumsdell and I being both alike on the head of our owne Colours he having a Partizan in his hand and I a halfe Pike with a head-piece that covered my head commanding our Pikes to advance we lead on shoulder to shoulder Colonell Lumsdell and I fortunately without hurt enter the Port where at our entry some I know received their rest and the enemy forced to retire in confusion being astonished at our entry they had neither wit nor courage as to let downe the Portcullis of the great Port behinde them so that we entering the streets at their heeles we made a stand till the body of our Pikes were drawne up orderly and flancked with Musketiers and then wee advanced our Pikes charged and our Musketiers giving fire on the flancks till the enemy was put in disorder After us entred Generall Banier with a fresh body of Musketiers he following the enemy in one street and Lumsdell and I in another having rancountred the enemy againe they being well beaten our Officers tooke nine Colours of theirs which were to be presented to his Majestic and the most part of the Souldiers were cut off in revenge of their crueltie used at New Brandenburg but some of their Officers got quarters such as they had given to ours This Regiment defeated wee directed an Officer with a strong partie to possesse the bridge and that to hinder their escape their passage being cut off they were also cut downe themselves till the streets were full of dead bodies and that the most part of our Souldiers and Officers disbanded to make bootie leaving me and a few number of honest Souldiers to guard my Colours which disorder I confesse stood not in my power to remedie Thus farre for Lumsdells part and mine which I dare maintaine to be truth And as I have spoken truth of our owne Actions without ostentation which no man can controlle that is friend to vertue I will now relate other mens Actions so farre as I know to be truth by relation of my honest Camerades Lievetenant Colonell Musten being appointed to command the Musketiers of Lumsdells Regiment and of my Colonells then under my command he seeing us entred did follow after us and commanded those he led on execution apart giving no better Quarters than we did The Dutch also remembring the enemies crueltie used at Brandenburg they gave but slight Quarters Major Iohn Sinclaire as I was credibly informed being accompanied with Lievenant George Heatly being both resolute and stout were the first that came over the walles with ladders who at their first entry having but a few Musketiers with them they were charged on the streets by the enemies Curassiers or best horsemen where they were forced to stand close their backs to the wall where they entred and to give severall Salves of Muskets upon the enemy till they were made to retire Likewise after we were entred the yellow and the blew Briggads being esteemed of all the Army both resolute and couragious in all their exploits they were to enter on the Irish quarter where they were twice with great losse furiously beaten off and were cruelly spoyled with fire-workes throwne by the Irish amongst them But at last they having entred notwithstanding the inequality of their strength the Irish though weake stood to it and fought with sword and pikes within workes a long time till the most part of the Souldiers fell to ground where they stoode fighting so that in the end Lievetenant Colonell Walter Butler who commanded the Irish being shot in the arme and pierced with a pike through the thigh was taken prisoner so that the next day it was to be seene on the poast where the best service was done and truely had all the rest stood so well to it as the Irish did we had returned with great losse and without victory The fury past the whole streete being full of Coaches and rusty waggons richly furnished withall sorts of riches as Plate Iewells Gold Money Clothes Mulets and horses for saddle coach and waggons whereof all men that
Leaguer Being thus provided to welcome our enemy his Majestie hearing of his enemies neere approach with a strong Armie his Majestie did resolve like a wise Generall to try his enemies courage in the Field before they should come neare to discourage his little Armie And therefore his Majestie commanded out a strong partie of two thousand Musketiers and a thousand horse which partie he did lead himselfe and finding by his intelligence Tillies Armie were advanced so farre as to Wolmerstat his Majestie Aâ—â—e omnia called in unto the Leaguer all the Garrisons which were without on that side of the River whereon the enemy did march and getting good intelligence of the enemies fore-Troopes being foure Regiments of horse the best of Tillies Armie viz. Colonell Harmesteans his Regimenâ— of Curassiers Mounte Cuculies Regiment Holks Regiment of Curassiers and Gerramino his Regiment which were all about fortie two Gornets of Curassters being quartered beside Tangermonde not knowing how neere they were come unto the valiant Gustavus that though a King would not stand on a Ceremony to make the first visit unto such valourous Cavaliers of their worths and to make his Majesties visit the more gracefull though lesse acceptable well I wot he did send the Rhine-grave and Colonell Collenbagh with five hundred Dragoniers and their owne two Regiments of horse to salute them at their quarter in his Majesties name honouring them first with a Salve of Muskets lest they should thinke it discourtesie to have come unto them without sending before which being mis-taken by the enemy the skirmish went on Colonell Harmestean was killed Holke and Coronell Corramine fled so that the enemies fore-Troopes were driven to confusion having lost twenty-nine Cornets the Troopes whereof were defeated and ruined so that our horsemen did make good bootie having gotten horses and a great deale of riches The enemy in this Conflict did lose above a thousand men and his Majesties losse was great also having lost his owne sisters sonne the young Rhinegrave being killed on his first exployt being the seventeenth of Iuly the Cavaliers death was much regrated by his Majestie and the whole Armie but the exployt ended his Majestie did retire towards the Leaguer having left some Officers and Horsemen that had followed in the flight Generall Tilly and Colonell Holke dogging them to their Quarters where both hardly escaped untaken The Swedens disappointed of their onslaught retired after his Majestie to their Leaguer and having put a terror in the enemies Armie by this defeat he did get foure dayes longer continuation to put all things in good Order against their coming during which time the enemy was busied in recollecting of his scattered Troopes and in putting his Armie in good Order forgetting of his revenge His Majestie as soone as he came backe did send incontinent Orders to all the chiefe Officers of the Armie to come instantly to his Tent where being come he asked their advice whether it were best the enemy being strong timely to retire over the Elve or that he should bide their coming before the Leaguer and finding no man to answer him all turning it over upon himselfe being wise knowing that Counsell would be allowed of by a King but according to event But his Majestie perceiving their intentions he resolved to abide the enemies coming what ever might follow and instantly he gave all Officers and Commanders of Briggads charge to see their workes accomplished and finished for if the enemy would stay but three dayes he would be no more afraid of him than if he were in the strongest Island could be imagined being he was assured GOD would fight for him and with him and besides he knew he had as good Commanders and Souldiers of horse and foote as Tilly was able to bring against him and which was more he could get his Armie longer and better entertained than Tilly could get seeing he had the Country to enemy which was his Majesties friend This resolution being taken his Majestie went to visit the Leaguer being accompanied with the Marquesse of Hamilton come then from Britaine with an Armie of six thousand foote as complete as could be desired to be seene for personages of men in complete Armes being well araide and furnished of Artillery and of all things fitting for the adorning of an Armie his Majestie being exceeding glad of such a timely supply he did most heartily welcome the Marquesse by entertaining him with gracefull countenance and respect in giving him such entertainement as the time could affoord and in the interim his Majestie went along with his Excellence to let him see the fortifications and preparations he had made against Tillies comming which being so neare made his Majestie after some considerable discourses had with the Marquesse concerning his Armie wherein his Majestie declared he was sorry the Marquesse with his Armie were arrived in such parts of the Country that was ruined and not able to entertaine his Excellence and his Armie with bread much lesse to be furnished with necessaries convenient for them or with such as his Majestie would willingly bestow on them if the Country or his power were able to furnish it Other private discourses they had together concerning the service that the Marquesse with his Armie was to be imployed on And his Excellence having received his Majesties instructions being both pressed by shortnesse of time his Excellence was graciously dismissed to returne to his Armie then being come upon the Oder being then the most ruined part within the Empire by reason both the Armies had laine there above a yeare before which caused that Summer both famine and plague the smart whereof his Excellence Armie suffered at their first coming where they died of the plague above two hundreth a weeke so that it was impossible for them to subsist long and the plague was so rife that his Excellence servants and family were not free Neverthelesse none can say but for the well and furtherance of the good cause they did arrive in a good time having diverted from his Majestie a great part of the enemies forces towards Silesia being more afraid of their coming than of an Armie twice stronger and the diversion thus made was a great furtherance to the joyning of his Majestie with the Duke of Saxon and consequently of his Majesties advancement in Dutchland and of his victory obtained against his enemies at Leipsigh for nothing doth more crosse the designes of a mightie enemy than to heare a forraigne supply of valiant men to come to his enemy which no doubt would force to alter his former Designes which once altered unadvisedly in haste might marre the happie event of his former Conclusions Likewise his Excellence being dismissed the Landgrave of Hessen and Duke Barnard of Wymar did come unto his Majestie with the offer of their service knowing his Majestie had gotten a supply to his Armie out of Britaine which did encourage them and the most part of the Townes of the foure upper
Circles of the Empire to offer to joyne with his Majestie in confederacy having seene the appearance of the strong partie his Majestie could make being assured of the friendship and concurrence of great Britaine they were both graciously accepted of and so much the more that they were the first did hazard with a private Convoy to come to his Majestie through their enemies for which his Majestie did thanke them who the next day were dispatched to returne for advanceing of the cause in doing his Majestie good service by collecting of more forces as they did soone after They being gone the twenty-two of Inly Generall Tilly with his mightie Armie did present himselfe before our Leaguer about two of the clocke in the after-noone and begun to salute us with thirty-two pieces of great Ordnance of their carriage discharging through and through our Leaguer till he made us to draw to our Armes and stand in Battaile horse and foote under the walles which did shelter us from his Cannon where we stood till night looking for his on-falling requiting and honouring him now and then with interchange of Cannon-Bullets till it begun to grow darke that he retired his Cannon to the body of his Armie having lyen all night in Battaile without being intrencht though strongly fortified without him with strong Guards both of horse and foote having his Crabbats and Dragoniers without them againe His Majestie having commanded out strong Horse-guards to watch without the Leaguer I was commanded as least worthy of a thousand that night to watch without the Leaguer with five hundred commanded Musketiers which were ordained to lye in readinesse betwixt the enemies Armie and the Leaguer almost a Cannon-shot from our workes getting orders from his Majestie himselfe how I should keepe good watch and how to behave my selfe in case of the enemies pursute and being come the length of the ground appointed for me to watch on having consolidated the body of my Musketiers in the safest ground I could finde for them to stand on their Armes rested and in readinesse First I caused set out my Perdues without my other Centries not trusting the giving of an Alarum altogether to our horse Centries and then to the end the enemy might not surprize us being sleeping I ordained the halfe of our Musketiers to stand for two houres in readinesse till the Centries were relieved and then I suffered the other halfe to rest them so long as the other did before and thus orderly wee past over the nights watch having had sundry naughtie Alarums in the night without continuance Our dutie was to be the more strict having received command of his Majestie not to quit that ground except the enemy by greatnesse of strength would beate me from it and then I should retire orderly skirmishing with the enemy our faces to them still and our Armes giving fire on them till we came under our walles so that by that meanes the Leaguer would get time to be in readinesse to receive them By the breake of day friend to valour and courage the enemies Horse-guards begun to skirmish with ours who being stronger made our Horsemen to give ground the Commander of the Watch sent to me for a supply of fiftie Musketiers which I accordingly did send with a Lievetenant giving him charge how to behave himselfe who having a little skirmished with the enemies Dragoniers and Horsemen was made to give ground also and having commanded out a Captaine with fiftie Musketiers more he was also repulsed I wondring at their carriage advanced to recognosce the bounds they were on and spying an advantage of ground I tooke out a hundred Musketiers giving a Captaine charge to remaine by the remnant of my Musketiers and putting a hedge betwixt us and the enemy we advanced till we were in even line with them and then giving a Salve amongst them incontinent we made the enemy retire so that our Horsemen did advance to their former stations His Majestie having heard the service ordained the Armie should be in readinesse and coming forth from the Leaguer accompanied with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish and Baron Tyvell where his Majestie begun to enquire of me how all passed which accordingly I related But though his Majestie was pleased yet he checked me for leaving of the Reserve to another when I went on service which I confesse was more suddenly done than wisely and ever after I promised to his Majestie to avoide the like over-sight though it succeeded well His Majestie incontinent since they had tryed his guards he would also try in earnest what for Officers and Souldiers they did command and to that effect his Majestie sent Orders to the Leaguer to command out eight hundred Horsemen of Hagapells and a thousand Musketiers with foure small Field-pieces of Cannon with the five hundred Musketiers I commanded on the Poste which all being set in order his Majestie directed the Colonell of his Leefe Regiment Here Tyvell to leade on the foote towards a Dorpe that lay neere the enemies Armie and his Majestie with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish commanded the Horse taking the Cannon along with them and comming neare the enemies Guards consisting of a thousand Currassiers having given fire with the Cannon amongst them they charged furiously with the Horse in middest of the enemy and putting them in disorder they cut them downe from their Horses as they retired at the spurres being still followed unto the body of their Armie And our Musketiers falling up alike discharging amongst them the enemy at first in great feare was almost put in confusion the most part of their Horsemen being abroad on Forrage their Guards did stand to their Armes till the Armie was drawne in Battaile and their Horse spanned or put before their Cannon during which time our Souldiers continued in giving fire amongst them till his Majestie did give orders for our Retreate which we softly made giving now and then faces about skirmishing with Cannon and Musket and then retiring againe orderly being pressed thereto by their Cannon giving fire after us and their Horsemen calling up ours in our Reare till at last we being retired the length of my Poste our Cannon being able to reach them they were made to make a stand and I was ordained with my Musketiers to remain on our former Poste his Majestie and the rest of the partie being retired within the Leaguer Incontinent from our Batteries our Cannon did play againe within the Leaguer which continued the whole day doing great hurt on both sides where the whole time I with my partie did lie on our Poste as betwixt the Devill and the deepe Sea for sometimes our owne Cannon would light short and grase over us and so did the enemies also where we had three shot with the Cannon till I directed an Officer to our owne Batteries acquainting them with our hurt and desiring they should stell or plant their Cannon higher In the morning also we lost on the skirmish thirteene Souldiers besides
the whole united body of the Army following the example of their head and Leader the magnifick and Magnanimous King for to abate and lay downe the pride of the house of Austria and for to teare and strip naked that old proud and Ambitious Generall Tillie of his former glory and honour for having bragged and vainely gloried he had conquered two Kings before here now the Captaine of Kings and King of Captaines doth victoriously Triumph having robbed him of glory and clipped the wings of the Empire with his little Royall Army Likewise next unto God a second helpe unto this glorious victory was the great execution made by his Majesties Cannon and though ever before Tillie did pride himselfe all his life time in the course of the warres in his dexterity of his great Cannon here from a Master he was turned againe unto a prentice being cunningly over shot with Cannon so that his Cannon and three score waggons belonging thereto were taken from him by Gustavus the first and most valiant Captaine of the world with the helpe of the nation which was never conquered by any forraine enemy the invincible Scots whose prayers to God were more effectuall through Christ then theirs through the intercession of Saints The third cause of this glorious victory was his Majesties good discipline houlden over the Army horse and foote not suffering them without great and extraordinary punishment to oppresse the poore which made them cry for a blessing to his Majesty and his Army The enemy on the contrary provoked the wrath of God against themselves and their Army for their cruelty used in torturing the poore and forceing their monies from them did further their punishment and his Majesties glorious victory The fourth helpe to this victory was the plottons of Musketiers his Majesty had very wisely ordained to attend the horsemen being a great safety for them and a great prejudice to the enemy the Musket ball carrying and piercing farther then the Pistolet As also the great celerity used in charging and discharging of our small cannon brought the enemies battaile in disorder to the furtherance of this victory As also the extraordinary care and diligence that was used by his Majesty and his Officers in seeing and foreseeing of the defects and disorders amongst our selves which being suddenly remedied was also a helpe to this victory And last of all the invincible courage and resolution both of Officers and souldiers in standing firme Notwithstanding of the fury of their enemies and which was more they were no wayes dismayed or discouraged at the flight of the Saxons but thought it their greatest glory to be victorious without them standing resolutly till they saw the backe of their enemies the undoubted tokens of their glorious victory His Majesties Army on this service as at all times might be called truely valorous for those are called valorous Captaines and holden for such that when their Camerades are flying they notably with hands voice and wounds if wounded sustaine the fight doing at once the duty of Souldiers and of Captaines by those meanes bringing backe and restoring the suspected losse unto victory for their credits For as ignorance doth easily precipitate men into danger even so to a generous heart nothing can seeme difficult or fearefull being once resolved to fall on though towards the mouth of the cannon but before resolution flesh and blood have their owne disturbances even in the most valorous and valorous men as they feare nothing after resolution so they disdaine nothing entering upon danger Here also the resolution of our horsemen on this service was praise worthy seeing they never loosed a pistoll at the enemy till first they had discharged theirs for the enemy being fierce and furious while as ours were stout and slow the enemy was made weary when ours were fresh which made the enemy being weary and charged with a fresh succour being once set on going they followed hard their victory not giving them time to breath or recollect their forces againe till they were utterly defeated that the night and darkenesse was their best safety For I did observe here that the duty of valiant Commanders is to know not onely the nature of their enemies but also their spirit and wherein they pride them most we ought to make our best use for to deceive and out-shoote them in those same things wherein they delight and trust most unto Likewise this day I did observe that as the inticement to great travell and paines is glory and honour even so courage and constant valour may be attained unto by exercise in warre and frequenting of dangers wherein Souldiers Companies or Briggads are used with and made once familiar with that cruell and vehement horrible and terrible fellow death having seene many dead bodies before and being inured to bloud such Souldiers will stand to it and desire to fight when ignorant Novices as the Saxons were are afraid of death who seeking their safety in flying they were miserably cut downe by their enemies I did likewise observe this day that it is not the multitude doth the turne but under God it is good command good conduct art and skill in handling the weapons of our warfare and in taking the occasions in time that beget victory Therefore he that would labour an Army as Gustavus did he will finde fruite yea even the best that groweth under the Empire good Rhenish and Necker wine not onely for himselfe but for the meanest Souldier and that unto excesse which hath made me sometimes complaine more of the plenty our Souldiers had after this victory through the abuse of it then ever I did before for any penury He is therefore in my opinion farre deceived that thinkes that it is the time or number of yeares that makes a good Souldier no no it is rather the continuall meditation of exercise and practise for Souldiers should be in running not in running away as horsemen ordinarily doe But on the contrary that with the greater force they may be able to invade their enemies as our Briggad did here who seeing the enemy in confusion with their Pikes charged ranne fiercely upon them till they were beaten And surely I doe thinke no man so ignorant but knowes that more come to be good Souldiers by exercise and frequency of danger and use then by nature and he is not a man that will not sweat nor couragious that eschewes danger when hee should fight as our Camerades did the painted Souldiers the Saxons with their plumed Officers which feathers served them I thinke in their flight for tokens rather to cut them downe by than for their safeties Courage should growe by frequencie of danger the onely way in my opinion to feare nothing and then he may be called stout before the maker of a quarrell at home who once drawing a sworde when he knowes of twentie Parters or Redders is there called stout but when he comes abroade to the warres at first the thundering of the
Duty discharged at Oxenford on the the Maine in Franconia HIS Majesty having intelligence that Generall Tillie had intention to have fallen on Oxenford to patronize the passe over the Maine where his Majesty had sent but one hundred and fifty musketiers whom he judged to be too weake for defending of the Towne and considering with himselfe the enemy might likewise pursue Wurtzburg having made but a faint at Oxenford and perhaps his intention might be to pursue both alike his Majesty under night coming alone on horsebacke from the Castle towards my quarter being then in the remotest part of the whole Towne I being at supper his Majesties foote-man tould me the King was below and desired I should come unto him being come to his Majesty he commanded me in all haste to bring our Briggad in Armes and to draw them up on that part against his returne and to command Sr. Iohn Hepburne in his name to meete him there which immediatly being obeyed accordingly his Majesty being returned commanded Hepburne to leade off the Musketiers of the whole Briggad being then eight hundred and to follow his Majesty whether so ever he went who commanded me to bring up the Reare leaving our Colours and pike-men behinde us there till further orders we marched on in the night halfe a mile without the Towne before we knew whether we were going or what the exploite could be that we were going on having left both our horses and servants behinde us at last his Majesty acquainting Colonell Hepburne with his designe he marched towards Oxenford being convoyed with foure score horses alongst the side of the Maine and we followed with our foote marching in seven houres those foure miles and before two of the clocke in the morning we arrived there without halt or drawing of breath by the way At our coming we were let in alongst the bridge unto the market place where our Souldiers after this wearisome march were commanded to stay by their Armes all night in readinesse and houses were appointed for the Officers to remaine in all night The next morning by day light his Majesty did send for Colonell Hepburne and me and tells he was going to visit the walles without and he commanded to send two hundred musketiers of our Regiment towards the Port before him which being done his Majesty accompanied with some Cavaliers walked out and the night before at his Majesties coming to Towne he had directed fifty horse to watch halfe a mile without the Towne betwixt him and the enemy At his Majesties out-going we heare the enemies Dragoniers with some horsemen making service against the watch who were forced to retire whereupon his Majesty commanded me to send forth fifty musketiers with a Lievetenant to skirmish with the enemy till the horsemen might retire the musketiers being advanced they skirmished with the enemy in view of his Majesty houlding up the enemy till the horsemen were by but the enemy being too farre strong made our musketiers lose ground in retiring and his Majesty suspecting the enemy was back't with stronger forces his Majesty commanded me to command a hundred musketiers more with a sufficient Officer to march incontinent for reliefe of their Camerades and commanded me to goe withall and to place them in the most advantagious ground which I did and incontinently the reliefe begun the service a fresh forcing the enemy to retire backe over the top of the hill which his Majesty perceiving was wondrous glad saying the Scots skirmish well who had made the enemy quit their ground which they possest and kept the other side of the hill being all plaine his Majesty commanded out a troope of horse for to recognize the enemies designe and calling Colonell Hepburne unto him he said he would leave us there and fearing the enemy might have a designe upon Wurtsburg he would returne thither being of greatest moment and so he gave orders to Hepburne to defend the Towne so long as he could and then in case of necessity to retire over the bridge and to breake it off behinde him His Majesty being gone Colonell Hepburne begun to put all things in good order preparing for the enemies coming casting downe houses and walles which might serve without the Towne for the enemies advantage as also cutting downe trees and hedges which might serve to shelter the enemy As also making Scaffolds about the walles for musketiers to make service from ordaining the severall postes to be repaired and defended in case of the enemies pursuite ordering also the watches and by watches to observe their precise houres making also provision betimes for store of Amunition and giving diligent and capable men charge over it and appointing guards for it with severall other directions befitting an able Commander to give out at such times being looking for a mighty enemy to pursue a skurvy irregular hole where no Cavalier could gaine credit without overmuch hazard yet such a Master would be so served All things thus provided the Curriers went night and day betwixt his Majesty and the Governour for mutuall intelligence till the third night before day the enemies Trumpets and Drummes made such a noise as though Heaven and earth were going together continuing as if the enemy were marching to the walles for a generall storme our horse guards being beaten in under the walles were refused of entry and the out-guards of foote also and then every man within walles did repaire to their posts expecting a generall storme and the pitterding of the ports The Colonell having visited the whole guards and made the Rounde of the whole Towne seeing all things were in good order and the day drawing neere we found the enemy was retiring from us having begun his march at midnight towards Newringburg and the upper Paltz The day cleering our horsemen having come from the other side of the Maine being led and commanded by Duke Bernard of Wymar whereof foure hundred were commanded towards the enemies quarters to take order with those were left bâ—…inde who did get but slight quarters The enemies Army being marched his Majesty was advertized who sent orders incontinent to Sr. Iohn Hepburne to breake up in the night with five hundred musketiers and to march by the enemy in the night towards Wintzsen which by appearance was too hazardous The enemy being too farre before and in his way also which made his Majesty to countermand his former orders against his custome and then the Colonell being commanded to beset the garrison he was recald with the party to returne to Wurtzberg After Tillies departure his Majesty caused publish an Edict over all Franconia that both Clergy and Laikes none excepted should come and sweare their fidelity to his Majesty Whereupon the full liberty of their profession in religion should be granted unto them untroubled As also they should have his Majesties safeguards for the conservation of their worldly estates and in this Edict were contained a great part of his Majesties former victories obtained
me whereby I might timely beset the Strengths The Spaniard having set over his Army at Spier being ten thousand strong getting intelligence of the Rhinegraves Quarter they marched on it where he lay in open Dorpes in a manner trusting and reposing too much unto himselfe and his strength mis-regarding his enemies being a Cavalier who was both couragious and resolute who had also resolute and valourous Officers and Souldiers under him a sudden alarum had no power to fright him or his being his watch was commanded by Rutmaster Hume of Carrelside who was a Cavalier of courage and of good experience finding by intelligence the enemy was approaching on his Guard he advertised his Colonell timely to draw out on horse-backe and to expect his enemy in the field who did take no notice of the first advertisement till the Rutmaster rode to him and advertised him to draw to the fields he commanded him againe to retire unto his watch he knew his owne time the Rutmaster scarce returned when he with his watch were charged by three Troopes which charge he received and charged them againe and then retired on the Colonels quarter being so hard followed that by the Colonell was on horse-back he was invironed by three Regimēts of the enemies whom he bravely charged home with foure troops of his and making them to retire he did caracolle about from the enemy having suffered losse on the charge The young Grave of Nassaw then a Rutmaster being hurt and taken and divers more inferiours being retired he commanded Rutmaster Hume with the other foure Troopes to make astand before the enemy to hold them off till such time he were retired The Rutmaster seeing the enemies strong coming up in full squadrons one after another he drew up very wisely his foure troops in the entry of a wood making a large and broad front whereby the enemy might judge he was stronger than he was as also that they might thinke he had Musketiers behinde him in Ambuscade for a reserve or hinderhalt which made the enemy give them the longer time and the better opportunitie to his Colonell to retire with ease The Rutmaster finding the enemy to fall off a little he retired his troopes at an easie trot till he overtooke the Colonell who thought before their coming they had beene all cut off Immediatly the Rhinegrave sent to me to beset the Garrisons as I did and then he sent Poste unto his Majestie acquainting his Majestie how all had past and of the enemies strength which his Majestie having knowne he drew his Armie together at Mentz with a resolution to fight with the Spaniard before he were suffered to relieve Franckendale but the enemy hearing of his Majesties preparation they retired over the Mosell againe and they being retired I was recall'd with the partie unto Mentz where having left a Captaine and a hundred Musketiers with the Rhinegrave to be disposed on having got orders to that effect from his Majestie which afterwards were all cut off by the enemy the rest of the partie dismist I retired to my Commands The twenty five Observation THE duty of an Officer leading a party is almost alike to the duty of a Generall leading an Army in fight in march in quartering in command and those he commands ought to give the like obedience unto him though strangers as if absolutly they were of his owne Regiment and his care for them should be as for himselfe He ought also at the undertaking of the command or charge over them to foresee to be sufficiently provided of all things necessary for such service as he is commanded on of Amunition spades shovels materialls for his Cannon and Pettards with his Guides to convey him from one place to another till he come to the end of his intended march doing all things by wise and deliberate stedfastnesse in Command without wavering not altering his Orders as he must answer to his Generall to whom he is to give account and his best is to have his Orders in writing that in case of variance betwixt Commanders Writing may beare him thorough when Orders by mouth will be denied neither ought he in his command to be timorous or rash but rather resolute and remisse as occasion offers and on occasions apart when his Command must be relative to anothers direction that is but subordinate to a Generall he must deliberat wisely what to doe and he must foresee the best and worst of things but having once deliberated let him be as resolute in the execution as he can Likewise here we see in the Rhinegrave a rare example both of remisnesse and courage in one person For first being made foreseene of the enemies comming he shewed his remisnesse having refused to give eare to the severall advertisments till in th' end he was pursued unawares and then he did testifie his inward courage and resolution in charging the enemy being three Regiments with foure troopes putting them to a retreat Neverthelesse we see him alike beholden to the Rut-master for his advertisment as for his safe retreat having first and last suffered the dint of the enemies Armes on him and houlding it off his Commander A brave example to be imitated and followed of all Cavaliers that would gaine honour and reputation The twenty sixth Duty discharged of the accidents occurred in our warres during our lying in Mentz THIS following discourse being no direct part of the discharge of duty intended of the Regiment neverthelesse for lacke of emploiment in my calling at that time being idle in Garrison I remarked so farre as I could by report the actions of others as they occurred then being out of action my selfe yet I can affirme what I relate will be found true if not let me be no more blamed than those that gave the intelligence His Majesty having gone to meete the Queene being come from Leipsigh to Hanow the twenty second of Ianuary 1632. his Majesty conveyed the Queene to Francfurt where all the Cannons went off after their entries At this time also the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne came from Spruce conveyed by our countriman Sr. Patrick Ruthven then eldest Colonell of Scots under his Majesty being then Governour of Mariburg and Colonell of a Dutch Regiment lay there with whom did come fro Spruce Lievetenant Colonel Hugh Hamilton who was Lievetenant Colonell then to Sr. George Cuningham his Regiment of Scots that lay in Spruce Captaine Mongomery came also with them who soone after was made Lievetenant Colonell to a free Squadron of foote and after that was killed in combat on horsbacke by the Generall Quarter-master Bullion at first Captaine under me At this time also came with him Quarter-master Sandelence who afterwards was Captaine Major and Lievetenant Colonell having ascended by degrees according to worth and deserving The Chancellor being come his Majesty and he sat ordinarily all day in counsell treating on weighty matters At which time the Cullens Ambassadour was treating apart with his Majesty for neutrality affirming
being on this march royally accompanyed by his Majestie of Bohemia whom his Majestie esteemed of as of himselfe in all quartering ordaining his quarters before his owne continuing the march through Franconia in suretie having the yeere before freed that whole circle from the enemie so that the Inhabitants had given their Oath of fealtie unto His Majestie This March was pleasant through a plentifull Countrie at this time being a pregresse befitting two Kings with a Royall Armie and forces from other partes joyning with us as we drew neere our enemies we made all sure behinde us both for our Retreates in case of neede as also for the safetie of those were to come after us and thirdly for the furnishing our Armie in Amunition and victuals to be brought unto us in case of want His Majestie here being of intention to get a passe over the Danow having before made the Towne of Vlme sure for his retreate for the more abundance his Majestie resolved to have the passe of Donavert being the right passe betwixt Nurenberg and Ausburg Before Tillyes Armie could joyne with the Duke of Baviere his Majestie resolved it was not best to give them time but with celeritie concluded to march towards them knowing it was but follie and madnesse to stay till they were joyned and the Duke of Baviere being assured of his Majesty comming to visit his Countrie he closed the passes the best he could both Donavert Rhine and Ratisbone And as he did beset well the frontier Garrisons before his Majesties comming he also very circumspectly betimes tooke all victuals out of his Majesties way towards Engolstat as a wise Commander ought to doe where he made his Magazin being the onely part he was assured of for his retreate and such a parte as he knew well we were not able to get without treason and then being assured he had time to provide an Armie to oppose his Majesty himselfe not being taken unawares It is the dutie of all good Commanders at their downe lying and uprising from quarters to be very carefull to prevent fire seeing thereby the whole Armie may be endangered by the losse of men Amunition Armes and Artillery and since such losse is irrecoverable our care should be the greater to avoyde the hurt And therefore Order should be given to all Guardes to make diligent roundes over the Quarters to prevent the like accidents and to give Orders to the Gavilliger and his servants to oversee all sires and to see them quencht at all upbreakings and dislodging otherwise the enemy being neere great inconvenience might happen and if any enemy at such times trusting to our disorder should offer to invade us finding the contrary it were easie to beate them backe as also it were a fit time to try their valour they being more than halfe afraid But I will advise all you that desire to gaine credit to seeke out your enemy rather than to stay his comming unto you and by this meanes haply you may set up your Trophees in his owne Country to speake to posteritie as doth Gustavus-Burg betwixt the Maine and the Rhine The twenty-eight Dutie discharged of our March to Donavert for the In-taking of it THE twenty-fourth of March his Majestie with the Armie continued the march from Schwabach towards Donavert upon Ottengen Pleinfelt and went before the Castle of Mansfield on the hill being the strongest of any one in Dutchland and finding he could get nothing done young Papenham being Commandant there was advertised by his Majestie if that he would not give over the Castle his Fathers Earledome thereabouts should be ruind which he though unwilling behooved to suffer but the Cavalier regardlesse of his Majesties threats did keepe out the Castle so that his Majestie for that time was forced to leave it His Majestie leaving a strong Garrison in the Towne next to it he continued his march towards Donavert and quartered the Armie on the Hill above the Towne by this time his Majestie of Pole died as also then Duke Barnard of Wymar had put a thousand Finnes on the other side of the Rhine in Bissen and beset Spier at which time the Spaniard againe did set over the Mosell of intention to relieve Franckendale but was sent backe with shame over the Mosell by the Dukes Armie then left in the Paltz at which time the Chancellor Oxensterne being there in person and Palsgrave Christian Birkafield his Excellence the Rex-chancellor caused the Dutch Regiments marching towards the enemy to beate the Scots march thinking thereby to affright the enemy but it fell out contrary the Dutch that marched in the Van with the Scots march being charged by the enemy made a base retreate till they were holden up againe by the valour of the Scots that were there viz. Sir Iohn Ruthven and his Regiment having had all his Officers of valiant Scots as Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Lesly Major Lyell Captaine David King and divers others resolute Cavaliers that stood to it with the assistance of Colonell Lodowicke Lesly and his Regiment and Officers being all old beaten Souldiers formerly called Sir Iohn Hamiltons Regiment by their valour resisting the enemy and encouraging their Camerades who were flying the victory that before was doubtfull is restored againe to the Swedens so that Palsgrave Christian did sweare in audience of the whole Armie to his Excellence the Rex-chancellor that had it not beene for the valour of the Scots Briggad they had all beene lost and defeated by the Spaniard Here also was evidently seene as was formerly mentioned the valour of Rutmaster Hume in view of his Excellence in defeating the Spanish horsemen being farre inferiour in number unto them where the Dutch Cavalerie led by him repaired the over-sight of their Infanterie that had the Vanguard To returne to the beleaguering of Donavert wherein did lie Hertzog Randolph Maximilian of Saxonlawenburgh with fifteene hundred Souldiers and five hundred Boores of foote wherein were also five hundred horsemen who finding his Majestie was come to visit him resolved to defend the Towne so long as he could and to that effect begunne with Cannon and Musket to play amongst us who seeing his Majestie had caused to plant some Cannon before the Port to play alongst the Bridge he sallied out bravely and did beate the Swedens that guarded the Cannon from their Cannon which they nayled and a Scots Captaine called Semple that commanded the Swedens was blamed for the Swedens fault that did leave him alone who unwisely fearing to be taken prisoner came off after his fellowes and we having beaten backe the enemy the Captaine was put in arrest till he were heard before a Councell of warres Incontinent after that his Majestie planted Batteries on the hill for to play with Cannon on a long stone-house that lay on the other side of the River wherein were a number of foote and horse come from Bavaria to strengthen the Garrison but their entry was hindered by our timely comming on
to make us acquainted with the thundering of Cannon where no man were he never so stout could be blamed to stoope seeing the Cannon in the night fireing in a right line before him he that would not shift his body to eschew the graseing of a Bullet was not to be pittied if killed through oftentation Here death that cruell fellow courted all alike yet none was so enamoured as willingly to embrace him though well I know many brave fellowes were resolved to meet him for to give him the foyle before he came neere This night a Souldier though not stout might passe prentise in our Calling in one night for resolution where having stayed till it was day we retired to the Leaguer with great losse of men that were killed and hurt where they that had escaped the Malheur were glad to discourse at large of their nights watch His Majestie finding this Towne strong by nature situation and art lying on the Danube really fortified with a bridge over the River fortified also before the entry and the Towne being well provided of all furniture having a strong Garrison and in neede an Armie to supply it which made his Majestie for that time rise from it having gotten intelligence that the Duke of Baviers Forces by sleight had taken in Rhinsberg where the most part of the Armie was sent thither to beset the passe who immediatly after their entry disarmed the Citizens being all Protestants having quartered above twentie Souldiers in every house where also the Duke himselfe did march with the rest of his Armie knowing his Majestie was not able to gaine credit before Engolstat he went away suffering his Majestie to stay behinde to try his fortune against the Towne who also did breake up and marching away the enemy with a strong partie of Horsemen and of Dragoniers charged our Reare-guard Generall Banier being commanded to make the retreate where the enemy having charged he behaved himselfe well by good Command charging the enemy with small Troopes forcing them to retire while as the body of the Armie was retiring the Generall commanding still fresh Troopes one after another to receive the enemies charge till at last all were safely retired and the enemy retired also not daring to shew himselfe without the passes on the field being well beaten at an out-fall by the Swedens the day before The Retreate honourably made his Majestie continued his march on Mosburg having lyne that night on the Hill at Gysenfels having in the afternoone before drawne the whole Armie in one Front Horse Foote and Cannon for doing the funerall Rites of the Markgrave of Bawden whose corps being appointed to be sent away with a Convoy to be buried before their departure the whole Cannon was twice discharged and then the whole Musketiers of the Army from the right hand to the left did give two salves of Musket and after them the whole Armie of horse did give two salves of Pistoll This day also old Captaine David Ramsey was buried having died of a consuming Feaver The next day our march continuing towards Mosburg where we did lie five dayes his Majestie having sent Felt-marshall Horne with a strong partie of horse foote and Cannon towards Landshut where Hepburne with his Briggad was also employed The Towne not being strong the enemy after a little skirmish made with horse in the Feilds retired over the water casting off the Bridge behinde them they escaped having left a weake Garrison of foote in the Towne and Castle to make an Accord for keeping the Towne unplundered which was suddenly agreed on so that before night we were quartered in the Towne the enemy being retired where divers of our Briggad made bootie worth their paines The next day his Majestie hearing we had taken in the Towne did breake up with the Armie towards Memmungen leaving Orders for the Felt-marshall to joyne with the Armie at Freisingen having got moneyes for his Majestie both from Landshut and the Bishopricke of Freisingen for keeping them unplundered Hohnwart Pfafenhowen being two walled Townes with the Abbacie of St. Morris and the Abbacie of St. George were also brought under Contribution where the Boores on the march cruelly used our Souldiers that went aside to plunder in cutting off their noses and eares hands and feete pulling out their eyes with sundry other cruelties which they used being justly repayed by the Souldiers in burning of many Dorpes on the march leaving also the Boores dead where they were found A strong partie of the Dukes Souldiers thinking to have surprized the Swedens in their quarters they fell themselves in the ditch that they prepared for others so that very few of them escaped with life out of the Swedens hands By this time also Weysenburg not farre from Nurenberg was taken in by the Dukes Forces having got some Cannon from the Castle of Weiltzburg Neverthelesse the Swedens Garrison behaved themselves valourously in making an honourable Accord though those Papists unworthily brake their promise for those that would not willingly serve were cut downe and the Towne by condescending was also plundered their wives and children were abused and the Burgomasters and Preachers were taken prisoners unto Engolstat and the Ports of the Towne they razed and burnt The thirtieth Observation IN this Expedition as in all the former his Majesties wisedome and diligence is praise-worthy for prosecuting his victories so orderly on the hot sent as the cunning Hunter doth his prey in giving one sweat after another till he kill or derne in putting the Fox in the earth and then hooke him out or starve him Likewise His Majestie also very wisely advancing within his enemies Country First made the passes sure behinde him in case of Retreate or of scarcitie of Amunition or victualls most prudently he left Generall Ruthven at Vlme as Governour being his Magazin-place and surest retreate being also made certaine of the Duke of Wittenbergs friendship who in necessitie was able to furnish him with a great supply of men moneys victualls and Amunition for his Armie being then one of the most powerfull Princes within Germany As also his Majestie having got Ausburg under subjection be very wisely left a part of his Armie to subdue the adjacent Cities in Schwabland to helpe his Contribution as Memmungen Pibrach Brandenburg on the River Elve as also Middleham Kawffbire and Kempten on the Leacke and Elve and that by the industry and diligence of Generall Major Ruthven with the rest of the young Cavaliers of the Scots Nation that followed him such as Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell Iohn Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell Gunne Lievetenant Colonell Mongomerie Major Brumfield and divers other Scots Captaines such as Captaine Dumbarre that was killed by the Boores neere Vlme who all were obliged to Generall Ruthven not onely for their advancements but also for their meanes which they made in short time beyond their fellowes who had served longer by reason their lot was to have fallen in a fat soyle that abounded
Colonell Cratzstein and Colonell Monro of Fowles being three valorous Barons who resolved amongst themselves Daggenfield should charge the enemy first which he manfully did and then retired who immediatly was rescued by Colonell Monro having charged the enemy retired being shot through the right foote with a Musket Bullet and Colonell Cratzstein rescuing him againe charged the enemy the last time keeping them up till the rest were safely retired and then retiring himselfe at the Spurres being last was pittifully cut over the head with a Poles-shable the enemy following them still till they were repulsed by our Dragoniers Neverthelesse they did get the most part of our baggage and a great number of the horsmens led horses servants and Coaches The Passe being narrow and we having the advantage of them being able to receive them with our whole army horse and foote while as they could not advance unto us but by divisions at most thirty in Front against a steepe hill where our Army was standing ready in battaile to receive them horse foote and Artillery Which they considering the great disadvantage they had to pursue us drawing their Army also in battaile they planted their ordinance against us where once begun we continued the whole day Cannonading one against another where neither foote nor horse could joyne to skirmish But the night comming on the Felt-marshall directed his great Cannon away before and leaving a strong Reare-guard of Horse and Dragoniers at the Passe getting orders to remaine there till midnight wee retired the rest of our Army unto Vertenberg land having five miles to march before day our retreate being in the night though safe was confusedly made The Enemy finding at mid-night that we were gone followed up our Rere-guard skirmishing a little in the end retired And the whole Armie crossed the Dannbe againe of intention to ruine all our Muster-places in Schwabland and in their way they tooke a French Marquesse prisoner on his Muster-place and Colonell Iohn Forbesse being both carelesse they were surprized in their Quarters and were kept prisoners for three yeares The Army quartered themselves in Schwabland and Tyroll alongst the Boden Sea setting Garrisons in Townes as in Costance Pybrach Vberling and divers more During this time our Armie was well entertained and refreshed in good quarters in Vertenbergland having secured them for that time from their Enemies we attended the Rhinegrave his comming with a supply from Elsas as also we did get a strong supply of Country Souldiers from the Duke of Vertenberg with a great deale of Amunition and a supply of Horse and Cannon The Rhinegrave being come finding our selves strong againe we resolved to search the Enemy for to make him retire unto Baviere againe which we effectuated within ten dayes After our up-breaking having crossed the Danube againe the Enemy being retired our Armie did settle themselves in a close Leaguer at Donavert for three moneths together attending the conclusion of the meeting at Hailbron resolving to enterprise no exployt or hostility against the Enemy till such time as they should know who should content them for their by-past service as also whom they should serve in times coming During which time I went to Hailbron to solicite my Regiments affaires with the Rex-chancellor and being there my Cosen Colonell Monro of Fowles dyed of his wounds at Vlme where he was buried and there after my brother was killed by the insolency of some Dutch Souldiers which were of another Regiment not his owne who was also buried at Bachrach on the Rhine and his Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro discharging himselfe of the Regiment they were reduced at Heidelberg on the Neckar to two Companies under Captaine Adam Gordon and Captaine Nicholas Rosse which two Companies by the Chancellor his Orders I tooke from Palsgrave Christian his Armie and marched with them to Donavert where in Iuly 1633. I joyned them to my Regiment of whom I tooke leave leaving them under Command of my Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who immediatly afterward was killed at Newmark in the upper Palatinate and was transported to be buried at Donavert My Major William Stewart succeeded to the Lievetenant Colonell's place I being gone for a Recreut to my Regiment unto Britaine From that time to the Battaile of Nerling being a yeare they were led by Lievtenant Colonell Stewart brother to Claire And since I did not see the service I continue to speake of the last yeares Expedition till I be informed of those who did see the service as I did the rest The forty-two Observation being the last IN warres wisedome is of such worth that the spirit and skill of one Commander is sometimes better than thousands of armed men And nothing encourages an Enemy more than the foolishnesse and ignorance of their Enemies in warlike businesse But on the contrary he sleepes not sound that hath a wise enemy For a wise Leader doth all things wisely and it becomes not a Leader to use himselfe to vanitie or to intemperate appetites for how can he command others that never pressed to command his owne inordinate desires and brave Leaders of Armies and valourous Captaines should ever looke to their honour and renowne more than unto riches or pleasure spoyle or gaine quitting the spoyle of their Enemies to their Souldiers they ought to reserve the honour and fame for themselves for he wants not meanes but inriches his family that hath wonne credit and leaves it to his posteritie Our contestation then should be for honour and credit and not for unlawfull spoyle or gaine esteeming more of magnanimitie where ever it is found than of riches attained unto it may be through feeblenesse and cowardice lying in a Garrison having never seen an enemy or a man killed in the Fields when other Cavaliers did shew their valour before their enemies gaining more credit though lesse wealth which is of shortest continuance For we are not worthy the name of Souldiers if we glory as many doe more in gathering riches that perish faster than they come than we doe to get an immortall good name for we must thinke still that true honour doth consist onely in vertuous actions which should make us more ambitious of credit than of unlawfull gaine attained unto by avarice Here also we see great difference betwixt Leaders For after we had gotten Feltmarshall Horne to leade us we began by his valourous good Conduct to recover againe what others had suffered the Enemy to possesse and before he advanced he made his friends sure behind him as Vlme and the Duke of Vertenberg that alwayes in necessitie he might make a safe retreate as a wise Generall ought to doe looking what might happen So then we see that as Resolution is needfull Counsell is not to be despised coming from a stedfast minde for it is better to save our selves and others than to be the Instruments to lose both But when we have no time to resolve long in matters deplorable then resolution should have place
having cast off his loose powder then to cast about his Musket to his left side drawing backe with his Musket his left foote and hand till the mouth of the musket come right to his hand to charge againe in the same place standing firme till his follower marched by him on his right hand standing at the same distance before him that he stood behinde and then to give fire blowing his pan priming casting off and retiring his musket with his left hand and foote and to charge againe as is said and so forth one after another discharging at a like distance till at last the Rot-master should be under-rot and the under-rot Leader and then his follower marching up by him while as he is charging giving fire on the enemy and having discharged standing still also charging till in th' end the Rot-master come to be Leader againe and so forth still advancing per vices till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and Buts of Muskets Thus having exercised the Rots apart for a weeke or two doubtlesse they will become expert Souldiers in using their Armes when they are joyned in a strong body lesse or more The Pike-men would be exercised also by Rots apart in the severall Postures thereof till they were acquainted also with their Leaders and were made expert in using their Pikes aright till thereafter the whole body of Pikes might be exercised apart with great ease to their Officers The Musketiers being drawne in a body being sixteene or thirty-two men in Front being but six Rancks deepe the first Rancke discharging at once casting about their muskets and charging all alike the second Rancke marches through every follower going by on the right hand of his Leader standing before him at the distance they were behinde and then being firme they give fire all alike on their enemies blowing priming casting about and charging all alike where they stand till per vices the whole Ranckes have discharged and so forth ut antea successively advancing and giving fire till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and being thus well exercised in advancing to the enemy and winning ground if through necessity they be forced to retire from an enemy losing ground they must also keepe their faces to their enemies the Reare being still in fire and the last Rancke having given fire they march through the Rancks till they that were last are first comming off and so per vices till they have made a safe retreate the Reare which is ever the Front coming from an enemy is in fire The manner to exercise a body of Musketiers TO exercise a Squadron of Musketiers how strong soever they be the number of Rancks being no deeper than six the files being even may be so many as your voice can extend to ever observing that your Command be given in the Front otherwise may breede disorder and before you begin to command you would enter first with a Prologue as good Orators commonly doe to reconciliat their hearers attendance even so you ought with an exhortation of attendance entreate but by way of command your Souldiers not to be gazing in time of their exercise but with stedfastnesse to settle their mindes on their exercise that they may the better observe and obey the words of command and above all things you are to command them to keepe silence not babling one to another neither in their motions to suffer their Armes to rattle one against another alwayes to take heede to their Leaders that goe before them and to follow them orderly without disturbance keeping and observing their due distance either of Ranckes or Files which may be easily done if they but duely follow their Leaders and have an eye on their right and left fellow Camerades for keeping their Ranckes even in a like Front Likewise they are to observe when they are commanded to turne any where whether it be by Rancks or Files that their faces may by turned to the hand they are commanded to before they sturre to march and then to march alike and when ever they double Rancks or Files or counter-march they must ever observe to retire to the contrary hand they were commanded to double on if they doubled to the right when they fall off they retire turning to the left hand et contra for avoiding of disorder or hinderance that their Armes would make if they retired to the same hand they were commanded to double or march to In their counter-marches it is also requisit in time of exercise that neither Officer nor Souldier doe presume to command direct or finde fault with the errour but he that commands in chiefe whether he be superiour or inferiour Officer for the time since it is said when many speake few heare Therefore he must command alone suffering no rivall for avoiding of disorder Order therefore of distance being a chiefe point observed in exercising is three fold to wit Open order of Rancks or Files is six foote of distance being betwixt Rancks and Files both alike only requisit to be observed in mustering or while as they stand in danger of Cannon not being in battaile where in battaile order the distance to be observed betwixt Rancks or Files should be three foote where Elbow to Elbow of the side Camerades may joyne where in the open order aforesaid hand to hand can but joyne But in close order used most in conversion or wheeling is shoulder to shoulder and foote to foote firme keeping themselves together for feare to be put asunder by the force of their enemies and then to disorder which is ever to be looked unto chiefely before an enemy Your speech thus ended for your generall directions you begin againe to command silence and to take heed what is commanded to be done saying Height your Musketiers dresse your Rancks and Files to your open order of six foote and take heede To the rìght hand turne as you were To the left hand turne as you were To the right hand about turne as you were To the left hand about turne as you were To the right hand double your Rancks as you were To the left hand double your Rancks as you were The even Rancks or Files double ever unto the odde and the fourth Rancke is the middle Rancke of six To the right hand double your Files as you were To the left han◠double your Files as you were Middle-men or fourth Rancke to the right hand double your Front To the left hand retire as you were Middle-men to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were Nota. The sixth Rancke is called bringers up or reare or under Rot-masters Bringers up to the right hand double your Front To the left hand as you were Bringers up to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were All that doubled turne first about and then they retire falling behinde those were their Leaders before in the same place
or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then admonish your Souldiers that at the tucke of your Drumme they runne from their Armes about the Holbert and to stay there till the Drumme recall them againe to their Armes which being done it makes the Souldiers able in breath to know one anothers place in case they should be brought at any time in disorder to recover themselves the better Thus much for the training of Souldiers in changing of place as you will have them without giving of fire When you have gotten your Souldiers thus experimented in their motions then are you to acquaint them with shot in giving of fire to make them fix against their enemies which is easily done having once apart and singularly used their Muskets after the order of the severall postures belonging thereto as was commanded their inferiour Officers and Leaders to teach them before they were exercised Therefore before you come to the particular formes of giving fire you shall first give some generall directions to be observed by all for avoiding the hurting of themselves or of their Camerades as also how they can best offend their enemies and to this effect you shall admonish in love all brave Musketiers first to have their Muskets cleere and hansome and above all fix in the worke especially every Souldier would be well knowne with his owne Musket and cocke to cocke aright then to hold the mouth or Cannon of his Musket ever high up either being on his shoulder or in priming or guarding of his panne but in giving fire never higher or lower than levell with the enemies middle then your Musketiers being in readinesse your Muskets charged they may be commanded to give fire in skirmish disbandoned as their Officers doe direct them to advance or retire as the occasion offers also to give fire by Ranckes Files Divisions or in Salves as the Officer pleaseth to command to the effect they may be fixed Omni modo though in my opinion one way is the best yet there are severall wayes of giving fire in advancing to an enemy as retiring from an enemy or in standing firme before an enemy either by Rancks or by Files made to Rancks Advancing to an enemy not being disbandoned but in one bodie they give fire by Rancks to Rancks having made readie alike they advance ten paces before the bodie being led up by an Officer that stands in even Front with them the Cannon or mouth of their Muskets of both Rancks being past his bodie The second Rancke being close to the backe of the foremost both gives fire alike priming and casting about their Muskets they charge againe where they stand till the other two Rancks advance before them and give fire after the same manner till the whole Troope hath discharged and so to beginne againe as before after the order of the through-countermarch ever advancing to an enemie never turning backe without death or victorie And this is the forme that I esteeme to be the best as for the rest they are not to be much used but this order can be used winning ground advancing or losing ground in a Retreate When you would command the body of your Musketiers to give fire in a Salve as is ordinarie in Battell before an enemy joyne or against Horsemen then you command the bringers up or Reare to double the Front to the right hand and to make readie having the match cocked and their pannes well guarded having closed the three Rancks though not the Files the Officers standing in equall Front with the foremost Rancke betwixt two Divisions he commands to give fire one Salve two or three and having charged againe and shouldered their Armes they retire to
the left hand againe every man falling behinde his owne Leader Being on retiring from the enemie the whole bodie having made readie as they march off in order a qualified Officer being in the Reare and qualified Officers in the Van to order them that fall up the last two Rancks in the Reare turne faces about and the whole body with them and the two Rancks having given fire they march through the body to the Van and order themselves as they were before and so successively the whole bodie gives fire ever by two Rancks and falls off till such time as they have made their Retreate sure Thus much of fire-giving by Rancks on two or three as you please at once and no more Now a little for the exercising of the Squadron of Pikes in generall for the generall motion certaine directions are to be observed concerning Pikes that the Souldiers keepe their Pikes cleane and cleere and never to be suffered to cut off the lengths of their Pikes as often is seene upon marches being very uncomely to see a Squadron of Pikes not of one length likewise in all motions with the Pike the hand and foote ought to goe alike and the Souldier would be expert in giving the right pousse with the Pike backwards and forwards Your Squadron of Pikes as they ought to march with the Drumme so they ought to obey the Drumme beating a Troope a Charge a Call a Retreate As also to traile their Pikes to make reverence with the Pike being shouldred and your Squadron of Pikes being but six deepe in Rancke your Files may be so many as can well heare your voyce in Command providing there be no odde File and thus well ordered at their open order of six foote distance command to mount their Pikes then calling for a Drumme beside you let him beate a march then they are to shoulder their Pikes flat or slaunt carried and then to march a little let your Drumme againe beate a Troope then they mount their Pikes and troope away fast or slow as your passe leades them stopping or advancing as you doe then let your Drumme beate a Charge then they charge their Pikes and advance fast or slow as you lead them and retire also backwards their Pikes charged as you will have them then troope againe and they mount their Pikes march and shoulder and haulting let the Drumme beate againe and they order their Pikes on the ground as first being at their distance and trooping againe they mount their Pikes so that you can command them to Battell order or closse order for Wheeling or Counter-marching at your owne pleasure In repayring to their Colours or comming from watch they should ever walke with their Pikes mounted as also they may use this posture on Contrie and your Pikes mounted and at your open order you can use all doublings that your Musketiers used as also to present to Front Reare right or left hand the curiositie of the turnes to the right or left hand in Van or Reare the Pike being shouldred you can also teach them as you will though not much to be used in exercise and the Pikes thus well exercised having seene frequent danger can doe good service against Horsemen and against foote to foote either in battell entering a Towne or breach or retiring or advancing to choake an enemie on walls within Townes or Forts they are very commodious for service providing they resolve to fight well and to abide by their Officers and in my opinion being well led they may beate Musketiers accidently off the Feild and being well lined with shot they are a safeguard against Horsemen having the least advantage of ground Thus much in briefe for the use of the Pike the most honourable of all weapons and my choice in day of battell and leaping a storme or entering a breach with a light brest-plate and a good head-piece being seconded with good fellowes I would choose a good halfe-Pike to enter with CERTAINE OBSERVATIONS VVORTHY THE YOVNGER Officer his consideration being short and practicall for his Highnesse speciall use I. THIS life is a Comedy or a Play wherein every one doth his part we should presse to passe it over with moderate affections that the end be not cruell or dolefull as in Tragedies but full of mirth like a Comedy II. Vnto the Victor the life is sweete and happy but to those that are overcome nothing is more bitter then to put their hopes in their Enemies mercy III. As unto Champions of old lots gave fellowes and not election with whom they should fight so every one of us hath destines in our times where with to strive IIII. As he who goeth a journy doth reckon the miles so he that hath entred the way of this life shall not determine of his yeares For as from the spring flow the Rivers from the roote the branch so from the first education cometh the rest of mans life And if thou wouldst live truely thou must presse to profit thy country to defend the Common-wealth and to live well without liberty thou must preferre death before ignominious shame or slavery For as this life is Rosie so it hath flowers mixed with thornes the one to be plucked up the other to be eschewed so farre as we may V. It is a part of victory to trouble the enemy before we fight and as it is laudable to overcome an enemy it is no lesse praise worthy to have pitty on the miserable For as courage doth merit infinite glory so the love of all and the good will of all merits mercy and meekenesse VI. The feeble and weake minded man is ever pridfull in prosperity for he thinkes his vertues are such as can maintaine the Fortunes which he hath gotten and thinks still he is able to attaine and acquire more and more but when the tempest of adversity doth arise then is he so farre afraid that he becomes voide of all hopes and this oftentimes is the cause of the suddaine change of his fortunes VII Nothing doth diminish more the publishing of praise then when one continually casteth up his owne successe in actions of warre and oftimes striving to get abundance of honour men show their riches of swelling pride for disdaining his former friends he misk nowes his acquaintance pressing to goe before he is greevous or displeasing to all his familiars Our care then should be to want this arrogancy ostentation or pride and pray for humility being more acceptable unto God then detestable pride which is an unprofitable evill a secret poyson a hidden pest the ingenier of deceipt the mother of hypocrisie the parent of envy the beginner of vice the moth of holinesse the blinder of hearts breeding sicknesse out of remedies and begetting langour out of medicine VIII There is ever some fatality incident unto those that desire vaine-glory or ostentation and those that are proud rejecting the prayers of the humble with disdaine they often incurre the indignation of God and fall
set to it and for getting this good of intelligence the chiefe Officers would be liberall to those whom they put in trust seeing without it little good service can be effected and the getting of it is the safety of many Cavaliers and their credits Therefore whether he be defender or pursuer intelligence gives him a kinde of assurance in all his actions and the losse or neglect of it hath robbed many a brave Commander of their fame and credit being surprized through over sight as Gustavus Horne was at Bambricke It was also the losse of Hano and Philipsburg Intelligence then being of such moment it should make Generalls and all Commanders under them according to their qualities and charge to be open handed otherwise it is impossible to subsist long not being surprised Of Recognoscing HAving intelligence of our enemies strength how he lies whether in Quarter Garrison Field or Leaguer then having an exployt to goe on we must recognosce on horse or foote according to the exployt we have before us As if we were to blocke up a Towne with a part of an Armie we must first being accompanied with a few Horsemen recognosce the bounds riding the Circuit short or long from it fore-seeing how to divide our number on the Passes Avenues from or towards the Towne to stop out-fallings or in commings in ordering such Workes and Skonces to be made on the passages as may put us in safetie as well against out-fallings as against their pretended Reliefes to come and our watches one from another must keepe due correspondence by their Centries that none can passe betwixt them without advertising one anothers guard Next being to beleaguer a Towne neere hand we ought to recognosce also neerer having first placed our Armie foote and horse Battell without reach of their Cannon though in their view having first directed our parties of horse to batter the streets without us then the Commander is to ride the circuit of the Towne within shot as neere as he can having another riding at a distance behinde him and having a Boore beside him resolving him of all Questions concerning their Ports their Graffes their Bulworkes where weakest and where the Graffe is shallowest which being knowne he disposeth the Armie on severall Posts where againe the Commanders are to recognosce neerer the walls where they can best lodge their greatest bodie in most safetie where to place their Guard before them and where their Centries as also where to place their Batteries and where to beginne their Approaches which being done they are thought the best fellowes that shew most diligence and least losse to come to the walles the same circumstances are to be observed by any Commander who leads a partie before a Strength or Castle to blocke it or beleaguer it having Cannon Pittards and fire-workes with sufficient men and furniture belonging to the Artillerie that can discharge their duties as they are directed by the Commander of the partie who must see to all things himselfe that it be well done as in speciall to the placing of his Batteries and in ordering all things to be brought to the Batteries that are needfull by the Souldiers commanded out to attend the workes beside the guard of the Cannon and of the workemen he must also be very vigilant in visiting the Approaches Batteries and Guards admonishing them to be carefull against out-falls on the Trenches Batteries or Guards giving orders to the Captaine of the Watches to receive the enemie falling out with a strong bodie of Pikes and Muskets closse together to beate them backe being received with Pikes charged bravely flancked and lined with shot which being done to advance their workes againe night and day till the enemy be forced to Accord In the night also a sufficient Sergeant being seconded by another stout fellow should creepe to the Graffe with two halfe-Pikes for to wade through to know the shallowest parts being helpt thereto by some knowne Boore who might give certaintie of the enemies strength within and of their defects they have of victualls Amunition fire or water As also to know their private sorting-Ports to watch their out-commings he ought also to learne what draw-bridges are within and what Portcullis and what store of victualls or Amunition is to be had within in case the Strength be pregnable that he may the better make his Accord Also he ought to learne what Artillery or Armes are within and what Caducks or what number of Horses pertaining to the enemie and what other riches they have and where kept or if otherwise the Towne be not taken by Accord or strength of hand we must strive to force it to yeeld by hunger or by lacke of fire or water or otherwise by throwing Artificiall fire amongst them with Cannon or with other fiery Engins fiering their houses or spoyling their Watches on their Posts or Guards as also we must deale by fraud to convey private Letters unto them for deboysing the Inhabitants to resist the Garrison in making either Port or Post good while as the pursuer intends to fall on on storme or breach Likewise the pursuer had neede to dispose well of his owne watches without that he be not surprized his hooffe-watch particular watches reserves or by-watches are to be still in readinesse to attend the enemies out-falling lest he may cut off his Guards or spoyle his Cannon by nayling of them or by burning their Carriages or Amunition being disgracefull in the highest manner as oft-times hath hapned to unprovident and sluggish Commanders who have unwisely despised their enemies An enemy being in the Field either with a strong partie or Armie a sufficient Commander must be carefull in recognoscing the Field about him for taking his advantage of the ground in advancing to an enemie as also in spying his advantage in case he be put to a Retreat that he may the better retire in order not being put to rout as our Armie was at Nerling which never hapned unto them before during the time I served the Sweden As also being in the Field he ought to observe where most conveniently he can plant his Ordnance as Generall Tillie did at Leipsigh and as the Emperialists did on the Hill at Nurenberg as also at Nerling For Ordnance being planted with advantage is oft-times the winning of the Field and the losse of Artillery is ever reputed and holden for a defeate although both foote and horse be preserved There is also advantage of ground very requisit to be taken by foote against foote as the advantage of hights passages woods hedges ditches as also the advantage of Sunne and Winde with you and against your enemie which his Majestie of worthy memory did strive to get at Leipsigh against the Emperialists Likewise it is a great advantage of ground when one of both the Armies is brought to that inconvenience that they cannot come to fight but the one Armie may be forced to come up but by Divisions while as
some others are wrapped up in fortunes lap 174 M. Intelligence the good of it most necessary to an Army 179 Y. K. Kinphowsen affirmed that one ounce of good fortune was better then a pound weight of wit 10 O. The King of Sweden doubted never to let put in execution what he once commanded 16 Y. The King of Sweden in extremity of cold being all wet did eate before he changed clothes 21 D. The King of Sweden though stout was seene to stoope for a Cannon Bullet 22 D. The King of Sweden did outshoote old Tilly in experience 25 I. The King of Sweden did discharge the duty of a Generall Major before Francfurt 31 T. The King of Sweden when his Army was weakest he digged most in the ground 41 H. The King of Sweden at Berlin forced the Duke of Brandenburg to quit the Saxon. 43 M. The King of Sweden was alike ready to governe the State as to fight his Enemies 46 Q. The King of Sweden caused draw his great Cannon through the River of the Elve on their Carriage 49 W. The King of Sweden his order in defending his Leaguer worthy observance 51 The King of Sweden seekes advice of his chiefe Officers at Verben 52 B. The King of Sweden with a strong party chased the Emperialists within their Army 54 F. The Kings prudency and wisdome in command answerable to the dignity of his Majesticke person 57 I. When a King fights a battell he puts much on hazard 62 Q. The King of Sweden makes merry with the Duke of Saxon at Hall 74 L. The King of Sweden for the advancement of the warre made a like use of Protestants and Lutherans 77 R. Kings or Princes have no other charters then their sword and the oath of fidelity 77 S. The King of Sweden to march over Duringvault did divide his Army 78 T. The King of Sweden caused publish and Edict in Franconia 85 D. The King of Sweden considering the weakenesse of his Army at Wertzburg gave out some monies 86 H. The King of Sweden steered his course aright at Wertzburg 87 H. The King of Sweden alike able tam arte quà m Marte 87 I. The King of Sweden marched through Francfurt as in a solemne precession for order 89 L. The King of Sweden Patriot and Protector of Religion in Germany 90 P. The King of Bohemia wonderfully well liked of by the Cities and Commonalty in Germany 91 R. The King of Sweden made no difference of seasons to pusue his Enemies 92 V. The King of Sweden in six monthes freed the Paltz of all the Enemies 94 Y. The King of Sweden for his Sisters sake the Queene of Bohemia in one night did anger the King of Spaine the Emperour and the King of France 93 Y. The King of Sweden and his Chancellour sate whole dayes at Counsell 100 H. The King of Sweden his peremptory answer to the French Ambassadour at Mentz 100 K. The King of Sweden did grant a stil stand on a condition 105 P. The King of Sweden entertained foure whole Armies at once 107 A. The King of Bohemia his discourse with the Scots Briggad at Vinchen 110 D. The King of Sweden and the King of Bohemia nobly received by the Lords of Nurenberg 111 F. The King of Sweden gives God thankes in Saint Annes Church at Ausburg 117 R. The K. of Swedé his speech coÌ„siderable his horse being shot under him 123 D. The King of Sweden a good shepherd 130 O. The King of Sweden finding the Enemy strong gave some contentment unto his weake Army 131 Q. The King of Sweden and the Emperiall Army had the eyes of all Europe fixed on their Actions 140 E. The King of Sweden rides at Anchor as at a Bay under Nurenberg 140 F. The King of Sweden defeats a party of the Emperialists at Bosbore in the upper Paltz 145 M. The King of Sweden ever enemy to idlenesse 151 X. The King of Sweden divideth his Army in Bavier to march into Saxony 159 I. The King of Sweden having thanked the Scots Briggad left them in Bavaria to be strengthened 159 M. The King of Sweden on his march to Saxony did cut off with a party three hundred Emperialists 160 N. The King joyned his Army with Duke Bernard of Wymar in Duringlang 160 N. The King of Sweden leaving the Queene at Erford made a speech to the Counsill 160 O. The King of Sweden crossed the Leake with the Army and marched to Nawmberg 161 P. The King of Sweden caused to throw off the Bridges on the Sale 161 P. The King of Sweden as a Souldier troubled with a double care 161 Q. The King of Sweden his exhortation to the people 161 R. The King of Sweden compared to the Sunne 162 S. The King of Sweden his exhortation at Leitzen to fight well 163 T. The King of Sweden having charged bravely his enemies being thrice wounded fell at Leitzen 164 W. A King ought never to endanger himselfe his Crowne and Country on a day of battle 166 The King of Sweden at Leitzen discharged alike the duty of a King and of a Souldier 167 A. The King of Sweden his confession as a sinner before death 168 C. The King of Sweden praised a Simili 168 C. L. When Love and feare is in the hearts of inferiours then the command is not burdensome nor the obedience slavish 14 V. We ought to Live so as we are commanded to live well 14 V. Lievetenant George Heatly a valorous young man was shot here at Damaine and slaine afterwards at Vberline in Schwabland being a Captaine of my Regiment 17 Z. Lievetenant Colonell Liâ—desey and Captaine Moncreeffe both slaine in defence of Newbrandenburg 23 F. Three things pleasant in Gods sight the Love betwixt brethren the friendship betwixt neighbours and the Loyalty betweene man and wife 28 P. The Love of Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne to his Lady at her death 29 R. The Love of man and wife should be free of gall despite anger and of bitternesse 29 S. Lievetenant Colonell Butler commended for his valour 34 Y. Lievetenant Colonell Dowbattle surprised the watch before Lantsberg 39 E. Who can Labour an Army as Gustavus did before Leipsigh he may drinke the best wine groweth under the Empire 69 A. Lievetenant Colonell Buckoy wounded 111 E. The Leaguer at Nurenberg went in a circular Orbe round the City 132 V. A new Leaguer made at Nurenberg in despite of the Enemy 151 W. Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire killed at Newmarke 178 V. Lievetenant Colonell Sinclaire his death lamented 180 M. He ought to be Modest and secret that maintaines a Strength or Fort. 10 P. Major Synot died at Statin 12 R. Major Iohn Sinclaire at Trepto made a brave shew of a slight game 24 I. Major Bruntfield died at Buckestehood of his wounds 24 I. Meleager refusing to stirre for father or mother at the desire of his wife Cleopatra he tooke Armes and preserved the City from ruine 29 S. Major Sinclaire and
had taken the Castle of Bloe in Macleburgh in his march with his owne Regiment alone where they made good booty but their Souldiers got but sleight quarters as Bannier did give at the intaking of this Towne and Castle of Hagleberg The twelfth Observation AT this time I did remarke the great wonderfull rare and extraordinary mercy of God towards our Leader the Kings Majesty and his Royall little Army which before our removing from old Brandenburg was much infected with the plague of Pestilence so that we knew not the sicke from the whole for of our Regiment alone there died in one weeke above thirty Souldiers and being but removed six dayes at our downe-lying at Werben we scarce knew there was any infection amongst us so that in a moneths time we were miraculously rid of it and for mine owne part I neither know nor can conjecture any reason for it cheifely being in the dogge dayes and in a Leaguer but the Lords mercy towards his Majesty and his Army being at this time farre inferiour in strength to our enemies Many examples and testimonies of Gods favour towards his Majesty I did observe on this march for such terror was put in their hearts by his Majesties victory obtained at Francford and Lansberg that they fled where once they did heare of our coming being perswaded and informed by their consciences that if his Majesty were victorious they should get no better quarters then were given by them at Madeburg which made them quit strong Garrisons before they would attend or abide the danger Wherefore we may plunly conclude that they doe not merit the name of Souldiers nor yet the title of couragious Cōmanders that did succumbe before they saw or felt the dinte of their enemies valour Fie then on such Commanders If they were of my friends I would allow them a Pinne higher on the Gallowes then is allowed for common offences for such Cullions that quit places for feare not seeing their enemies are unworthy the name of Souldiers but I thinke they were too rich and consequently they grew too feeble Likewise here I did rejoyce and was glad when I did observe that it is not nor was not peculiar to any still to have overcome or to be victorious the Emperialists I know by experience and so did the Regiment I commanded had their time of the victory against the King of Deamarke where I did learne to make a retreate but now being come under another Leader there Fortune began to change and to retire from us we learning under the invincible Gustavus to advance orderly never falling off but ever keeping faces to our enemy a brave lesson learned from a brave Commander So that we see here victory keepes no constant dwelling being now here now there yet we see that it is best kept with counsell and vertue neither can I thinke but fortune and chance hath a great hand in it for it is a greater matter to use victory well then to overcome and all victors have an insatiable desire of their prosperous fortune never appointing an end to their desires And nothing brings victory more next unto God then good Commanders whereof King Gustavus the invincible had many Here also at the intaking of Hagleberg Generall Bannier did well in giving the Souldiers some liberty of booty to the end they might prove the more resolute another time for Souldiers will not refuse to undergoe any hazard when they see their Officers willing to reward them with honour and profit The thirteenth Duty discharged at our Royall Leaguer of Werben on the Elve against Generall Tillie his Army ABout the middest of Iuly 1631 his Majesties forces being come together of Horse and Foote he did resolve to set downe his Leaguer at Werben on the Elve where the River of the Haggle enters into it and spying a parcell of ground the most commodious that could be had for situation and aire having first the commodity of transportation by water on the River of the Haggle running into the Elve at the Leaguer whereon all provisions could be brought for maintaining of his Army He had also the whole country on the other side of the Elve behinde him as his friends This Leaguer lay along the side of the River on a plaine meadow being guarded by the River on one side and the foreside was guarded by a long earthen Dike which of old was made to hold off the River from the Land which Dike his Majestie made use of dividing it by Skonces and Redoubts which defended one another with Flanckering having Batteries and Cannon set within them alongst the whole Leaguer he did also set over the River a Ship-bridge for his Retreate in neede as also for bringing commodiously of provision and succours from the Country and Garrisons on the other side as Hagleberg Ratene Perleberg and others In like manner his Majestie did fortifie the Towne of Werben for his Magazin being close to the Leaguer with workes about it which defended the Leaguer and the Leaguer-workes were made to defend the Towne also so that they could relieve one another being in most distresse and both the Towne-wall and Leaguer-wall were so thicke and firme of old earth faced up with new that no Cartow could enter into it The Bulwarkes on which the Batteries were made for the Cannon were also very strong and formally built and they flanckered one another so that none could finde but folly in pressing to enter by storme And betwixt the flanckerens were left voides for letting Troopes of horse in and out with slawght Bommes before them where strong guards were kept for defending the passage And on the one side of this Leaguer were planted above one hundred and fistie pieces of Cannon great and small besides those that were planted on the Towne-workes and our whole Horsemen were quartered within the Leaguer The manner we were ordained to watch this Leaguer every Briggad of foote had such a portion of the Leaguer appointed for them to watch and maintaine by fight in case of a storme which part they had fortified themselves and Briggads of horse were ordained to attend particularly on a foote Briggad to second them if that the enemy at a storme should beate the foot backe from their Poasts then the horse Briggad was ready to charge till the foote might be recollected by the diligence and valour of their Officers for besides the watch ordinary on the Poasts the whole Briggads of foote stood in readinesse at all Alarums behinde the guard and the horse Briggads did stand in Battaile behinde them Likewise without the Leaguer there were squadrons of our horsemen to stand in readinesse at one end that while as the enemies foote should march on to the storme our horsemen might charge through to the end of the Leaguer where they were to be received againe within the Leaguer being hardly followed so that the judicious Reader can easily judge what a difficultie it was to storme such a