Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	charge_v	horse_n	retreat_n	997	5	10.7747	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A95077	A true narration of the most observable passages, in and at the late seige of Plymouth, from the fifteenth day of September 1643, untill the twenty fift [sic] of December following. Attested from thence under the hands of the most credible persons: wherein is manifested to the world the handy-work of God, and his gracious assistance to the united forces of that towne and garrison. Together with an exact map and description of the town and fortifications thereof; with the approaches of the enemie. As also the summons of the cavaliers to the major and governour of the said towne. And Prince Maurice his warrant to the countrey since the raising of the seige. Imprimatur Iohn White.	Maurice, Prince, 1620-1652.; Hollar, Wenceslaus, 1607-1677.	1644 (1644)	Wing T2763; Thomason E31_15; ESTC R11842	10,654	22

the_o powder_n room_n be_v bury_v in_o it_o and_o he_o have_v the_o key_n which_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o say_v kneebone_n after_o he_o have_v conceal_v it_o diverse_a day_n god_n not_o suffer_v his_o conscience_n to_o give_v he_o rest_n till_o he_o have_v reveal_v it_o upon_o the_o apprehension_n of_o carkeete_a two_o notorious_a malignant_n henry_n pike_n a_o vintner_n and_o moses_n collins_n a_o attorney_n conceive_v to_o be_v privy_a to_o his_o treason_n flee_v to_o the_o enemy_n and_o upon_o the_o three_o of_o december_n be_v the_o lord_n day_n the_o enemy_n as_o be_v credible_o inform_v guide_v by_o these_o two_o renegado_n with_o four_o hundred_o musquetire_v three_o hour_n before_o day_n surprise_v our_o guard_n at_o lary_n point_n ●nd_v in_o it_o three_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n the_o work_n be_v but_o a_o half_a moon_n and_o the_o guard_n there_o place_v only_o to_o give_v the_o alarm_n if_o the_o enemy_n shall_v approach_v lare-point_n over_o the_o sand_n when_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o enemy_n come_v on_o under_o lipson-worke_n be_v a_o false_a varable_a ground_n to_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o steepnesse_n and_o come_v on_o the_o back_n of_o our_o guard_n easy_o surprise_v it_o the_o alarm_n be_v give_v to_o the_o town_n and_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o horse_n and_o three_o hundred_o musquetire_n at_o break_v of_o day_n ready_a to_o fall_v on_o upon_o the_o enemy_n that_o be_v possess_v of_o our_o work_n which_o the_o enemy_n at_o mount_n stanford_n perceive_v for_o we_o fall_v on_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o hill_n that_o be_v from_o the_o enemy_n view_n give_v the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o be_v at_o compton_n all_o in_o arm_n a_o warning-piece_n upon_o which_o prince_n maurice_n and_o all_o the_o gallantry_n of_o their_o army_n with_o five_o regiment_n of_o horse_n and_o four_o of_o foot_n have_v in_o the_o night_n make_v their_o way_n with_o pioner_n advance_v under_o protection_n 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be_v make_v upon_o the_o height_n of_o the_o hill_n above_o lypson-worke_n and_o fresh_a man_n be_v draw_v from_o several_a guard_n our_o man_n be_v encourage_v we_o hold_v our_o ground_n for_o four_o hour_n during_o which_o time_n our_o ship_n at_o lare-point_n see_v our_o guard_n there_o take_v entertain_v a_o parley_n with_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o stand_v newrer_n till_o we_o have_v beat_v the_o enemy_n to_o a_o retreat_n for_o which_o some_o of_o they_o be_v in_o question_n for_o their_o life_n the_o enemy_n likewise_o send_v a_o trumpet_n to_o lypson_n work_v to_o summon_v it_o and_o be_v answer_v with_o the_o cannon_n after_o the_o trumpet_n be_v command_v to_o depart_v and_o we_o have_v get_v a_o small_a drake_n plant_v in_o the_o cross_a way_n discharged_z it_o four_o or_o five_o time_n on_o the_o enemy_n horse_n with_o good_a execution_n and_o give_v a_o sign_n by_o the_o find_v of_o a_o drum_n when_o our_o several_a command_v place_n shall_v fall_v on_o the_o enemy_n begin_v to_o give_v ground_n and_o some_o two_o hundred_o musquetire_n of_o the_o train_v band_n of_o the_o town_n be_v come_v to_o our_o assistance_n and_o a_o party_n of_o some_o sixty_o musquetire_v send_v about_o to_o play_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v no_o soon_o perceive_v by_o the_o enemy_n but_o he_o command_v a_o retreat_n which_o be_v follow_v so_o close_o by_o we_o that_o it_o be_v little_o better_a than_o a_o hasty_a flight_n for_o retreat_v most_o part_n over_o the_o lare_z and_o not_o the_o same_o way_n they_o come_v on_o their_o rear_n guard_n of_o horse_n of_o about_o one_o hundred_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o their_o way_n of_o retreat_n be_v force_v into_o the_o mud_n between_o lypson_n work_n and_o lare-point_n and_o the_o horse_n be_v almost_o all_o take_v or_o drown_v when_o the_o sea_n come_v in_o some_o of_o the_o rider_n crawl_v through_o the_o mud_n hardly_o escape_v many_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v kill_v in_o their_o retreat_n by_o our_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o by_o the_o ship_n at_o lare-point_n who_o then_o grow_v honest_a again_o of_o prisoner_n we_o take_v a_o captaine-lieutenant_n of_o horse_n and_o one_o langsford_n a_o priest_n that_o be_v a_o captain_n and_o some_o thirty_o common_a soldier_n and_o thirteen_o barrel_n of_o powder_n two_o team_n of_o horse_n with_o furniture_n by_o which_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o our_o ordnance_n against_o we_o of_o we_o the_o enemy_n take_v in_o our_o first_o retreat_n captain_v lieutenant_n ro●_n lieutenant_n vpton_n ensign_n crocker_n and_o francis_n roll_n ensign_n and_o about_o forty_o common_a man_n beside_o captain_n wansey_n and_o about_o twelve_o more_o kill_v and_o a_o hundred_o more_o wound_v of_o who_o some_o be_v since_o dead_a colonel_n gould_n have_v one_o horse_n kill_v under_o he_o and_o another_o shot_n but_o he_o merciful_o preserve_v the_o lord_n show_v himself_o wonderful_o in_o our_o deliverance_n in_o that_o when_o the_o enemy_n have_v get_v a_o ground_n of_o advantage_n and_o be_v ten_o to_o one_o against_o we_o yet_o be_v please_v by_o our_o handful_n to_o drive_v they_o back_o another_o way_n than_o they_o come_v for_o have_v the_o enemy_n possess_v the_o ground_n that_o they_o have_v get_v that_o night_n the_o next_o day_n they_o will_v have_v be_v master_n of_o all_o cat-downe_a and_o then_o we_o must_v have_v quit_v our_o outwork_n as_o unuseful_a to_o we_o and_o have_v betake_v ourselves_o to_o the_o town_n wall_n which_o then_o be_v not_o full_o finish_v and_o can_v not_o long_o have_v be_v defend_v the_o same_o day_n the_o enemy_n with_o horse_n and_o foot_n assault_v penny-come-quick-work_n and_o be_v repulse_v with_o much_o loss_n the_o enemy_n be_v thus_o repulse_v suffer_v we_o to_o be_v quiet_a as_o his_o usual_a manner_n be_v for_o 15_o or_o 20_o day_n after_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n gather_v up_o his_o rout_v troop_n save_o that_o one_o night_n he_o fall_v on_o upon_o a_o work_n we_o be_v raise_v under_o lypson_n call_v in_o the_o map_n lypson-mill_n work_n for_o the_o prevention_n of_o the_o enemy_n incursion_n again_o that_o way_n and_o partly_o slight_v it_o our_o guard_n there_o quit_v it_o without_o a_o shot_n from_o which_o they_o be_v sudden_o beat_v again_o and_o the_o work_n re-edify_v it_o be_v endless_a to_o acquaint_v you_o with_o the_o servall_n light_a skirmish_n that_o daily_o pass_v between_o we_o sometime_o about_o our_o cattle_n that_o straggle_v without_o our_o work_n at_o other_o time_n to_o pass_v time_n by_o bravado_n and_o ambuscado_n make_v by_o our_o guard_n to_o entrap_v the_o enemy_n and_o now_o the_o enemy_n find_v his_o battery_n against_o lypson_n and_o his_o intent_n to_o possess_v himself_o of_o lare-point_n suceesselesse_a he_o take_v about_o and_o begin_v to_o make_v his_o approach_n against_o maudlin_n work_n we_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n thickening_a that_o work_n within_o to_o make_v it_o proof_n and_o find_v their_o battery_n plant_v within_o musket_n shoot_v of_o our_o work_n we_o plant_v a_o platform_n close_o by_o maudlin_n work_v and_o draw_v out_o a_o demi-canon_n which_o be_v take_v in_o a_o prize_n that_o be_v go_v to_o the_o rebel_n in_o ireland_n to_o counter-bat_a against_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v plant_v another_o if_o it_o have_v be_v needful_a upon_o the_o eighteen_o of_o december_n the_o enemy_n begin_v to_o batter_v but_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o counterbatterie_n which_o play_v constant_o into_o their_o work_n through_o their_o port_n whereby_o their_o man_n can_v not_o stand_v safe_o by_o their_o ordnance_n we_o have_v the_o advantage_n in_o play_v down_o into_o they_o from_o a_o command_a ground_n the_o enemy_n in_o two_o day_n time_n can_v do_v no_o good_a with_o his_o battery_n but_o on_o wednesday_n night_n

our_o halfmoon_n &_o line_n where_o we_o have_v reasonable_a guard_n but_o tire_v with_o eight_o day_n duty_n and_o long_o watch_v after_o a_o hour_n skirmish_n be_v enforce_v to_o retreat_v from_o the_o halfmoon_n and_o breast_n work_v and_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n horse_n who_o come_v on_o the_o back_n of_o they_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o fort_n have_v but_o seven_o man_n of_o thirty-six_a leave_v to_o manage_v the_o gun_n see_v himself_o thus_o surround_v by_o the_o enemy_n whereby_o no_o relief_n of_o provision_n or_o ammunition_n can_v be_v bring_v he_o from_o the_o town_n and_o upon_o examination_n find_v but_o two_o barrel_n of_o good_a powder_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o case_n shoot_v with_o he_o and_o no_o provision_n and_o have_v hold_v off_o the_o enemy_n some_o two_o hour_n and_o give_v a_o sign_n to_o the_o town_n by_o hang_v our_o a_o wift_z that_o he_o be_v in_o distress_n and_o no_o relief_n come_v and_o the_o townsman_n for_o some_o reason_n which_o you_o shall_v hear_v anon_o be_v unwilling_a to_o go_v over_o and_o colonel_n gould_n regiment_n be_v those_o that_o be_v tire_v and_o put_v to_o the_o retreat_n unfit_a to_o encounter_v the_o enemy_n whole_a army_n that_o be_v fresh_a and_o victorious_a the_o captain_n yield_v the_o fort_n on_o composition_n about_o four_o of_o the_o clock_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v march_v of_o with_o colour_n fly_v match_v light_v buller_n in_o mouth_n and_o a_o demyculverin_n the_o best_a in_o the_o work_n with_o bag_n and_o baggage_n and_o that_o the_o enemy_n shall_v exchange_v all_o the_o prisoner_n they_o have_v take_v of_o we_o that_o day_n be_v about_o forty_o for_o the_o like_a number_n of_o their_o prisoner_n with_o we_o which_o the_o next_o day_n be_v effect_v according_o but_o we_o be_v unwilling_a to_o let_v the_o world_n know_v by_o who_o treachery_n at_o least_o neglect_n this_o fort_n be_v lose_v for_o want_v of_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n while_o the_o enemy_n be_v busy_a about_o mountstanford_n we_o have_v begin_v to_o raise_v a_o work_n upon_o howstart_n where_o our_o man_n retreat_v after_o they_o be_v beat_v from_o mount_n stanford_n which_o be_v unfinished_a and_o the_o same_o weary_a man_n enjoin_v to_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o morning_n for_o we_o have_v no_o other_o the_o townsman_n refuse_v to_o give_v over_o possess_v with_o fear_n of_o the_o enemy_n horse_n quite_v that_o place_n also_o which_o the_o enemy_n soon_o after_o seize_v upon_o and_o have_v there_o build_v a_o fort_n and_o divers_a battery_n to_o hinder_v ship_n from_o come_v into_o the_o harbour_n and_o other_o to_o shoot_v into_o the_o town_n and_o at_o our_o windmill_n on_o the_o ho_o but_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v do_v no_o harm_n to_o any_o ship_n or_o boat_n that_o have_v pass_v in_o or_o out_o for_o these_o two_o month_n past_a nor_o have_v and_o shoot_v of_o the_o many_o hundred_o they_o have_v send_v into_o the_o town_n from_o thence_o do_v the_o least_o hurt_n to_o man_n woman_n or_o child_n except_o one_o woman_n hurt_v in_o the_o arm_n with_o a_o stone_n and_o but_o little_a to_o the_o house_n save_v that_o they_o shoot_v off_o one_o vane_n of_o the_o windmill_n which_o be_v present_o new_a graft_v so_o that_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v that_o the_o loss_n of_o mount-stanford_n be_v the_o wonderful_a providence_n and_o goodness_n of_o god_n towards_o we_o which_o have_v we_o keep_v we_o must_v necessary_o have_v lose_v the_o best_a of_o our_o strength_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o and_o have_v lose_v it_o we_o find_v small_a damage_n by_o it_o our_o ship_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o catwater_n before_o we_o lose_v mountstandford_n by_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n plant_v at_o osan_n and_o by_o a_o battery_n under_o mount-edgecombe_n on_o the_o other_o side_n from_o ride_v between_o the_o island_n and_o the_o main_n so_o that_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o take_v mill-baye_n for_o sanctuary_n nay_o rather_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o be_v infinite_o advantageous_a unto_o we_o in_o the_o near_o unite_n of_o our_o small_a strength_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n and_o the_o offer_v a_o opportunity_n to_o we_o to_o seize_v upon_o the_o fort_n and_o island_n the_o most_o considerable_a strength_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o then_o be_v utter_o destitute_a of_o provision_n ammunition_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o necessary_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o they_o of_o which_o neglect_n and_o the_o author_n of_o it_o account_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o parliament_n in_o due_a time_n for_o in_o the_o very_a instant_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o mount-stanford_n while_o all_o man_n stand_v in_o doubt_n of_o the_o issue_n colonel_n gould_n by_o order_n from_o colonel_n wardlaw_n commander_n in_o chief_a take_v possession_n of_o both_o those_o place_n and_o afterward_o settle_v strong_a garrison_n with_o store_n of_o provision_n and_o ammunition_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o the_o say_a fort_n and_o island_n the_o secure_v whereof_o and_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o well_o affect_v of_o the_o town_n of_o four_o deputy_n lieutenant_n in_o they_o of_o who_o unfaithfulnesse_n to_o the_o state_n the_o townsman_n have_v great_a suspicion_n we_o have_v find_v since_o to_o have_v be_v a_o most_o effectual_a mean_n under_o god_n to_o preserve_v the_o town_n for_o these_o person_n and_o place_n be_v secure_v and_o victual_v the_o town_n which_o before_o be_v altogether_o divide_v and_o heartless_a in_o its_o defence_n now_o grow_v to_o be_v unite_v with_o a_o resolution_n to_o stick_v by_o we_o in_o the_o defence_n thereof_o partly_o our_o of_o fear_n know_v that_o the_o fort_n and_o island_n will_v be_v goad_n in_o their_o sid●●_n if_o the_o town_n shall_v be_v lose_v but_o especial_o from_o their_o assurance_n of_o our_o real_a intention_n to_o defend_v the_o town_n to_o the_o last_o man_n by_o the_o secure_n of_o those_o four_o deputy_n lieutenant_n who_o they_o suspect_v and_o by_o the_o many_o asseveration_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o officer_n that_o they_o will_v when_o they_o can_v defend_v the_o town_n no_o long_o burn_v it_o to_o ash_n rather_o than_o the_o enemy_n of_o god_n and_o his_o cause_n shall_v possess_v it_o which_o resolution_n of_o they_o they_o confirm_v by_o join_v with_o we_o in_o a_o solemn_a vow_n and_o covenant_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n a_o copy_n whereof_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o relation_n the_o enemy_n thus_o possess_v of_o mount-stanford_n account_v now_o all_o to_o be_v his_o own_o send_v a_o trumpet_n to_o we_o with_o a_o summons_n a_o copy_n whereof_o also_o follow_v at_o the_o end_n which_o be_v answer_v by_o silence_n the_o same_o day_n mount_n stanford_n be_v take_v the_o enemy_n make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o lypson_n work_n but_o be_v repulse_n with_o loss_n the_o eleven_o of_o november_n a_o party_n of_o horse_n and_o musquetires_n be_v command_v out_o to_o thornehill_n to_o guard_v in_o 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thereof_o or_o that_o shall_v be_v raise_v by_o any_o power_n or_o authority_n whatsoever_o without_o the_o consent_n and_o authority_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n neither_o will_v i_o by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n whatsoever_o contrive_v or_o consent_v to_o the_o give_v up_o of_o the_o town_n and_o fortification_n aforesaid_a or_o any_o parcel_n of_o they_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o person_n or_o person_n whatsoever_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o of_o such_o as_o be_v authorize_v thereunto_o by_o they_o neither_o will_v i_o raise_v nor_o consent_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o any_o force_n or_o tumult_n nor_o will_v i_o by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n give_v or_o yield_v to_o the_o give_v of_o any_o advice_n counsel_n or_o intelligence_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_a town_n and_o fortification_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n but_o will_v withal_o faithful_o discover_v to_o the_o major_a of_o plymouth_n and_o to_o the_o 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plymouth_n furnish_v the_o rebel_n there_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n for_o man_n and_o horse_n contrary_a to_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n prohibit_v the_o same_o these_o be_v therefore_o signify_v that_o if_o any_o person_n of_o what_o degree_n or_o quality_n do_v ever_o presume_v to_o have_v any_o commerce_n or_o deal_n with_o any_o in_o the_o say_a town_n of_o plymouth_n or_o otherwise_o send_v into_o the_o say_a town_n or_o take_v or_o carry_v with_o he_o any_o horse_n ox_n kine_n sheep_n or_o other_o provision_n for_o man_n or_o horse_n into_o the_o say_a town_n of_o plymouth_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o rebel_n there_o every_o such_o person_n and_o person_n shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o both_o in_o person_n and_o estate_n as_o abettor_n of_o this_o horrid_a rebellion_n and_o contemner_n of_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n according_a to_o the_o limitation_n of_o the_o court_n of_o war_n in_o such_o case_n provide_v will_v and_o require_v all_o major_n bailiff_n justice_n of_o the_o peace_n constable_n and_o all_o other_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n and_o minister_n to_o cause_v this_o to_o be_v forthwith_o publish_v in_o all_o church_n chapel_n market_n or_o other_o place_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n love_a subject_n may_v the_o better_o take_v notice_n hereof_o maurice_n order_v to_o be_v print_v finis_fw-la

a_o true_a map_n and_o description_n of_o the_o town_n of_o plymouth_n and_o the_o fortification_n thereof_o with_o the_o work_n and_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n at_o the_o last_o siege_n annus_n 1643._o a_o true_a narration_n of_o the_o most_o observable_a passage_n in_o and_o at_o the_o late_a siege_n of_o plymouth_n from_o the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o september_n 1643_o until_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o december_n follow_v attest_v from_o thence_o under_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o most_o credible_a person_n wherein_o be_v manifest_v to_o the_o world_n the_o handiwork_n of_o god_n and_o his_o gracious_a assistance_n to_o the_o unite_a force_n of_o that_o town_n and_o garrison_n together_o with_o a_o exact_a map_n and_o description_n of_o the_o town_n and_o fortification_n thereof_o with_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o also_o the_o summons_n of_o the_o cavalier_n to_o the_o major_a and_o governor_n of_o the_o say_a town_n and_o prince_n maurice_n his_o warrant_n to_o the_o country_n since_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o siege_n imprimatur_fw-la john_n white_a london_n print_v by_o l._n n._n for_o francis_n eglesfeild_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o s_n in_o paul_n churchyard_n 1644._o a_o true_a narration_n of_o the_o most_o observable_a passage_n in_o and_o at_o the_o late_a siege_n of_o plymouth_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n 1643_o until_o the_o 25_o of_o december_n follow_v etc._n etc._n after_o colonel_n wardlaw_n commander_n in_o chief_a and_o colonel_n gould_n with_o the_o 600_o man_n ship_v at_o portsmouth_n about_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o this_o town_n have_v stop_v in_o torbay_n and_o find_v dartmouth_n besiege_v leave_v 100_o man_n there_o for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o that_o garrison_n we_o arrive_v at_o plymouth_n the_o last_o of_o september_n which_o town_n have_v be_v block_v up_o by_o horse_n so_o that_o no_o provision_n be_v bring_v in_o from_o the_o country_n for_o six_o week_n 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side_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v draw_v of_o a_o line_n with_o half_a moon_n to_o surround_v the_o say_a fort_n thereby_o to_o hinder_v our_o relief_n from_o come_v unto_o it_o to_o prevent_v which_o the_o same_o day_n we_o fall_v on_o the_o enemy_n in_o their_o new_a work_n they_o have_v raise_v with_o all_o the_o disadvantage_n on_o our_o part_n that_o possible_o can_v be_v imagine_v expose_v our_o open_a naked_a body_n to_o a_o enemy_n within_o a_o strength_n and_o assist_v by_o their_o horse_n who_o much_o anoy_v we_o we_o have_v none_o of_o our_o horse_n to_o assist_v we_o nor_o can_v have_v the_o sea_n be_v between_o we_o and_o they_o after_o long_a skirmish_n and_o diverse_a repulse_n at_o last_o we_o get_v their_o half_a moon_n and_o after_o three_o hour_n hot_a fight_n their_o close_a work_n and_o in_o it_o captain_n white_a and_o fifty_o other_o prisoner_n in_o which_o work_n we_o put_v a_o guard_n that_o night_n of_o thirty_o musquetire_n command_v by_o a_o ensign_n by_o 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