Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	charge_v	horse_n	retreat_n	997	5	10.7747	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16482	The trauellers breuiat, or, An historicall description of the most famous kingdomes in the world relating their situations, manners, customes, ciuill gouernment, and other memorable matters. / Translated into English.; Relazioni universali. English	Botero, Giovanni, 1540-1617.; Johnson, Robert, fl. 1586-1626.	1601 (1601)	STC 3398; ESTC S115576	135,154	186

empire cannot long remaine in this flourishing estate bicause it is disiointed and dismembred To such men this may be answered that spacious dominions are easily secured from any inuasiue attempts but not so safely preserued from intestine and home-bred dissensions as the kingdomes of smaller compasse are But in a state thus diuided there is an vnion both of amplenes and a measurable mediocritie the first is apparant in the whole bodie compounded of seuerall members the second in the greatest parcell of the members For seeing that the portions thereof as Spaine Peru Mexico are so great and goodly states of themselues they cannot be but stored with all those good things which are necessarie either in greatnes or mediocritie viz. both with a puissant powerablenes to frustrate forreine attemptes and sufficient inwarde forces to prouide against all domesticall discontentments And it is as cleere as day that by meanes of sea-forces all these members may strengthen one another and stand as it were vnited euen as Casar Augustus by maintaining one fleete at Rauenna and another at Messana awed the whole Romaine empire and kept it in assured concord and also we haue seene the Portugals by reason of their sea-forces which they maintained in Persia Cambaia Decan and other parts of the Indies not onely to haue giuen the lawe to those famous princes but maugre the force of their enimies to keepe it and peaceably enioy it Some wise and experienced commanders in discoursing this point oppose the iealousie and aemulation of the Turke and affirme that if the king should imploy those treasures which now he spendeth in the erecting of fortresses vpon the increase of his nauie an expence sufficient for the furnishing of 150. gallies it would be an occasion that the Turke whose nauie now exceedeth not the number of 130. gallies would augment it to the number of 200. to the intent that he may be superior and maister of the sea and that so the king would be inforced to vndergoe an excessiue charge without gaining any reputation thereby But this their subtiltie is meere booke-wisedome and it is very agreeable with reason that there is nothing so dangerous in action and so readie to imbarke a man in an irrecouerabe disaduantage as an ouer-weening conceite which commonly draweth with it an headdie wilfulnes flexible to nothing But they ought to consider not what the Turke will doe but whether it be in his power to surmount such a nauie And although the Turke be Lord of a larger sea coast then the king yet he cannot compare either in furniture or mariners Along all the coast of Africke he hath not an harbour where he can build or keepe a couple of gallies except Algier and Tripolie In the Euxine sea what place of name is there besides Capha and Trapezond What better report can we giue of the coast of Asia More implements then a spatious sea-coast are incident to this busines he must haue plentie of timber and cordage he must be furnished with a people practised in sea affaires able to endure the labour and working of the waters delighting in traffique and nauigation cheerefull in tempests rough weather which dare dwell as it were amongst perils and expose their liues to a thousand dangers as for the Turkish subiects the better part neuer saw sea and those that haue vsed it are not to be compared to the Biskains Catalonians Portugals and Genowais I adde this people for their many good seruices done at sea in the behalfe of this crowne To conclude in two things the king excelleth the Turke the first is that although the Turke can command more men yet the best and greater part of them being Christians he dare hardly trust against vs the second is that the sea coasts of the king are neerer conioyned then those of the Turke and in that regard are sooner assembled and prouided By this commoditie experience hath prooued that the Eastern nauies haue beene often ouerthrowen by the Western the Southern by the Northern the Carthaginian by the Romaine the Asian by the Grecian Octauius Caesar with the nauie of Italy defeated the fleete of Aegypt and in our times the Armada of the Christians the fleete of the Turkes The Turkes themselues confesse that in sea-fights the Christians excell and are vnwilling to deale with those forces As often as Charles the fife rigged foorth his nauie it was so puissant that the Turke neuer durst leaue the harbour In his iourney of Algier he rigged fiue hundred vessels in his Tunis voyage sixe hundred Andrew Doria conducted so gallant an armada into Greece that the Turke not daring to mooue out of his place he tooke Patras and Corona in Morea His land-forces consist in Cauallerie and Infanterie the best footeman of all the Germaine nations is the Wallon to say nothing of the naturall Spaniard it is well knowne that in all ages it hath beene accounted one of the most valorous nations of the world The French in nine yeeres were subdued to the Romane yoke the Spaniards held out zoo The power and person both of Augustus Caesar were requisite to the subduing of the Cantabrians They not onely deliuered their countrey from the subiection of the Moores but inuaded Africke and tooke therein many strong places The Portugals inuaded Barbarie tamed the coast of Guinea Ethiopia and Cafraria they conquered India Malaca and the Moluccas The Castilians sayling through the Atlantike sea subdued the New world with all the kingdomes prouinces and people therein they droue the French from Naples Sicill and Millan The fortune of this nation doth consist in discipline and dexteritie for no people can readier finde the occasion and sooner take it or refuse it when it comes in celeritie for through slothfulnes they let nothing slip in loue and concord for they were neuer knowen out of their owne borders to strike stroke amongst themselues at a word in suffring of hunger thirst heat cold labour and extremities they will lay vp any nation whatsoeuer By these vertues they haue atchieued the glorie of so many victories and though sometime they haue beene ouercome notwithstanding they haue vanquished their vanquishers as it fell out at Rauenna They neuer suffred any famous defeature but in the iournies of Algier and England the one by the casualtie of tempests the other by the skilfull prowesse and seafaring dexteritie of the English Three or fower thousand of them turned topsie turâ—â—e the better part of Germanie and made way euerie way with their swords thorough the thickest of their enimies These were they that at the iourney of Caruen in Barbarie being fower thousand foote souldiers of great valour made a braue retraict the space of fower or fiue miles be set and charged with twentie thousand horse by the king of the Moores at least fiue or sixe times with the losse onely of 80. men and the slaughter of 800. of the enimie As concerning their Cauallerie it cannot be gainsaid but that the Spanish genet

these actions and while time passeth the neighbouring nations prouide if not infest for their owne safetie yea most commonly by losse of time proceedeth the losse of victorious opportunitie He that hath ouercome his enimie standeth oftentimes in feare of his friend yea of such as haue bin fellowes partners with him in all his fortunes so that to secure himselfe of these such like infinite casualties he is constrained euen in the course of victory to sound the retraict surcease his designements Againe continuall victory make leaders insolent soldiers mutinous refusing to passe forward at the command of their generall as it happened to Alexander Lucullus Great enterprises euen brought to their wished ende enrich the purses of certaine priuate men but leaue the Princes cofers emptie who neuerthelesse must be at the charge to maintaine continuall companies and keepe them in continuall pay without which course the cashed soldier is euer readie to follow any faction whensoeuer it shall be offered Moreouer this numberlesse armie which Marhumedius led against the king of Cambaia did not only waste the regions where through it passed and encamped but likewise by deuouring all things that the face of the earth yeelded bereaued itselfe of the meanes which nature in measure affoorded to euerie one to maintaine his life and so it often happeneth that those armies which in apprehension seeme inuincible for their hugenes are most commonly ouerthrowen by famine the forerunner of pestilence For proofe hereof we haue seene the inundations of Attila Tamerlan and those barbarous nations stand on foote but a little space whereas the Grecians Macedonians Carthaginians Romanes Spaniards and English haue done great matters with meane armies For things that are moderate last and indure as small riuers which what they cannot doe in one yeere in two or more they finally accomplish whereas immoderate and violent are like vnto Torrents making more noise and furie then hurt or hinderance violently comming and violently carrying themselues away Therefore against such mightie impressions the surest safetie is to draw the warre out in length and onely to stand vpon the defensiue for let such armies rest assured that they cannot so long hold out but they will wauer either for want of prouision scarcitie of coine infection of the aire or infirmities of their owne bodies The other thing is that prosperitie blindeth the winner making him carelesse aduersitie ripeneth the looser and maketh him warie and industrious so fortune changing her copie the affaires of the winner decline and the good successe of the looser groweth euerie day better then other Besides conquests are not perfected but by processe of time and in processe of time old age creepeth vpon the persons of Princes and how fit a crasie bodie and a vigorous spirit nummed with olde age is for the consummation of a conquered estate the liues of Iulius Caesar and Charles the fift may stand for examples Lastly to answere those who vnlesse they be ere witnesses will neuer be answered let them know that nothing so much hindereth the inuasiue ambition of this prince as the nature of places For Caucasus stretching it selfe into a thousand branches in those parts incompasseth whole kingdomes with some parcels thereof by some it runneth by the sides to others it is more defensiue then any artificiall rampire sometime it wholy shutteth vp passages sometime it meaketh them inaccessible These difficulties are more iniurious to the Mogor then to any other Prince because the strength and sinewes of his forces consist in horse which as they are of great consequence in Campania so amongst hils and rocks they are of no seruice Of this qualitie are the frontires of Persia and the kingdome of Sablestan on euerie side heâ—d in with that part of Caucasus which the Grecians call Paropanise Segestan is likewise so inuironed that the riuer Il-mento were it not for searching out infinite windings and turnings through naturall vallies could hardly finde passage to pay his tribute to the famous Ganges In Cambaia it selfe where the Mogors are of such fearefull puissance liue the Resbuti not dreading them one whit by reason of the strength of the mountaines These Resbuti are the remainder of the Gentiles that betooke themselues to the mountaines betweene Cambaia and Diu when the Mahumetans first entred these countries and since that day by strong hand they haue preserued their libertie infesting verie often the plaine countrey with their incursions Other prouinces there are vtterly barren not onely wanting water but all necessaries else of this kinde is Dolcinda vpon the skirts of Cambaia thorough which it is impossible to lead an armie To these discommodities you may adde the losse of time which Princes being lords of ample and spacious dominions are constrained to make in their voiages For the better part of sommer is spent before they can arriue at their rendeuous with their horses halfe dead through trauell and the armie halfe in halfe in number and courage diminished yea winter ouertaketh them commodious for their enimies and disaduantagious for them For they must lie in the field and open aire amongst mire frosts their enimies vnder a warme roofe holesome harbour Whereupon wise princes which haue beene to make long land-iourneies through diuers prouinces of diuers natures for feare of such like discommodities haue thought it best to prouide shipping and to vse the oportunitie of riuers or sea as did Caesar Germanicus in the warre of Germanie after he perceiued that in the protracting of time which was requisite for the marching of his armie the greater part of his men and horses were idlie consumed by infirmities labour and the length of iourneies But the Mogor is vtterly destitute of this aduantage vpon one side he hath no hauen on an other the Portugals are his iealous neighbours who with two castles of great strength at Din and Damain haue shut vp the whole gulfe of the Cambaiaâ— sea Finally the puissance of their neighbours hath beene as great a controule to their furious inuasions as any other naturall cause viz. the king of Barma who is nothing inferior in power and riches for he is lord of so many kingdomes and so fierce and warlike a people and can bring such swarmes into the field that he is fearelesse of any his Tartarian neighbours And as the Mogor ruleth fare and wide betweene Ganges and Indus so doth this king betweene Ganges and Siam As the one deuiseth to offend so by little and little the other waxeth wise to defend For by nature man is more prone to procure his owne safety then ready by wrong to oppresse others being alwaies more carefull to conserue then forward to destroy It cannot be expressed how ful of subtiltie shifts deuises industrie man is to defend him and his for he vseth for his owne safegard not that only which is properly defeÌ„siue but euen that also which may be any way offensiue Neither euer was there any instrument inuented for

is the noblest horse in Christendome far excelling the courser of Naples or the horse of Burgundie so much esteemed of the French or the Frieslander in so great request with the Germans It should seeme that nature hirselfe hath armed this people in giuing them the Iron mines of Biskay Guipuscua and Medina with the temperature of Bayon Bilbo Toledo and Calatajut the Armories of Millan Naples and Boscoducis the corne and prouision of the inexhaustible garners of Apulia Sicill Sardinia Artesia Castile and Andeluzia with the plentifull vintages of Soma Calabria San Martin Aymont and sundry other places To conclude this prince is so mightie in gold and siluer that therewith to spare his owne people ingaged in the defence of so many territories prouinces and frontires from vndoubted destruction he is able to wage what numbers of horsemen and footmen of the Germaine and Italian nations it pleaseth him The princes whose dominions are bordering and in regard of their forces are any way able to indanger his dominions are the Venetians the kings of France and England and the Turke The Venetians long since the Duchie of Millan came to the possessioÌ„ of this crowne haue sate them downe in great quietnes rather looking to the strengthning and keeping of their owne townes and pieces then to the winning of others from their neighbours And good reason it is sithence peace is the surest ankor-hold of their coÌ„mon wealth that they should eschue all occasions of war with their friends and allies For we haue seene the Spanish in fauour of the Venetians when their state stood dangerously ingaged with the wars of Baiazet Soliman and Selin the second cheerefully and resolutely to haue entered into the action at Cephalonia Preuisa and Lepanto when at the same instant they had at their owne doores Algier Tunis and Aphrodisium their dangerous enemies neerer affronting Spaine Sicill Sardinia the Baleres and the kingdome of Naples then Ciprus or the Ilands of the Ionian sea Concerning France they are not to be blamed if by wishes and Iesuiticall sedition they could annex it to their crowne but saith one of their owne writers they may long enough desire it before they shall be able to effect it And sithence the French haue put an ende to their ciuill discontents what trophee or what triumph can the Spaniard boast to haue carried from them Indeed it cannot be denied but in elder daies the warines of the Spaniards hath turned the furious attempts of the French to matter of too-late repentance For the great Captaine surprising Barletta and then incamping vpon the bankes of Gariglano first tooke from them the possession of the kingdome of Naples and afterwards all hope of regaining it againe By the same temporizing Anthonie Leua wearied king Francis at Ticinum and Prosper Collonna cleered the Duchie of Millan In assaulting of townes and fortresses I confesse furie to be of great moment I confesse likewise that by this vertue the French preuailed at Ioious Momedium and Caleis but in set battels as at Graueling Saint Quintins and Siena most commonly they haue had the foile for in the field good order and skilfull conduction doth more preuaile then valour and furious resolution in assaults furie and resolution more then counsell or temporizing Since their falling at variance with the English at their hands they haue receiued more dishonour then in the wars of any other nation As to detract from the fame and well deseruing glory of any Christian nation argued rather an enuious humour then an vnpartiall writer so to passe the bounds of modestie in any action deserueth no lesse a reprehension For who acknowledgeth not their discoueries of the Indies to be woonderfull their conquests therein maruellous their treasures inestimable their continuance in wars long as being nouzeled therein since the infancie of Charles the fifth the braue prouinces of Italy and Flanders annexed to their crowne to be matter of goodly consequence But let vs marke and consider their fortunes sithence they vnsheathed their swords against the Christian world as we shall soone see that their treasures their Armadas their long experienced Infanterie and their conquered prouinces haue little or nothing augmented nay haue they not discountenanced their reputation in these parts By the expence of infinite millions of gold and effusion of so much Christian blood what hath he gained in France What in Netherland The world seeth more cleere then day light that for all their great boasts their large territories and infinite treasures sithence the English haue dealt with them held them at the staues ende and discouered their weaknes euerie birde hath pulled a feather their credit is broken with the bankers of Germanie holds giuen ouer for want of pay their sea forces foyled if not as they say discomfited In the yeere 1586. Sir Francis Drake forced the towne of Saint Domingo in Hispaniola Saint Augustines and Carthagena on the continent And when in reuenge of like pretended iniuries they entred the English channell with their inuincible Armada of 150 sailes by the fauour of God and valour of the English they were driuen home without doing any thing worth remembrance through vnknowen seas with the losse taking and sinking of one hundred of their best and tallest vessels To requite this brauado and to teach this proud nation that the English contrarie to their opinion were as well able to offend as defend in the yeere 1589. they shewed their victorious nauie of 126. ships before the Groin in Galizia assaulted the base towne woon it and with 6000. soldiers at the bridge of Berges discomfited sixteene thousand thence weighing ankor and sayling alongst the coast and sight of Spaine landed at length at Pincche in Portugall woon the castell marched fiftie miles into the lande kept their Courts of guard in the suburbs of Lisbon and thence returning to Caskaies without any great fight or skirmish tooke the castell set sayle for England and in their returne landing at Vigo tooke the towne and wasted the countrey Now sithence their great and considerate care of future preuention both for Spaine and the Indies their ships burnt and taken their galleies put to flight Porto Rico woon by assault Cales sacked and the Flemish by our trauels incouraged to strip him of his trade of Spicerie may well put them in remembrance what they haue receiued at the hands of the English sithence their first ambitious apprehension of the western Emperie What the Turke is able to performe you may read hereafter in the discourse of Turkie Let vs now intreat of those countreis which the Spanish hath as appertayning to the Portugall crowne This kingdome which is not aboue 320. miles long and sixtie broad not very populous and but meanely rich in essentiall reuenues yet by reason of the commodious situation for nauigation and acquisition it hath equalized these wants with surplusage with the most famous prouinces of the whole world yea this good fortune hath so elated their mindes that

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