the Enemy hee is onely to make his arrant knowne and not to discouer any thing of the state of the place whence hee is sent that may be prejudiciall to it and to take as much notice as hee can of all such thinges as concerneth the Enemy which at his comming backe he shall discouer to the Generall or chiefe Officer It is his duty being in Garrison and haue the maine Guard not to goe off without leaue of the Captaine of the Watch and to bee there all Night to beat an Alarme if need require for which vse he must bee perfect to practice on his stickes because the Enemy shall take no notice thereof Hee must beate the Reliefe in the Morning after day breake and to set the Parado and at Night to beate Tapto before the Patrole goe aboue The Office of a Troupe of Horse Captayne of Horse THe Captaine of a Troupe of Horse must take pleasure to bee neatly Armed and well mounted to giue thereby an example to his Souldiers to doe the like hee must take care that his Souldiers bee practuall in performing their Duties and obseruing Military Discipline as hee himselfe must be in obseruing Orders and executing the directions that are giuen or sent him from his Superiours not fayling of the houre appointed him to be at the place assigned with his Company He shall take care to teach his Souldiers the vse of their Armes and see them perfect therein and also that they keepe their orders in Marching or Imbattelling that they vnderstand all motions which the Horse are commanded to learne as also the sound of the Trumpet to which end hee shall haue his times of exercising his men whilst he is in Garrison In all occasions he is to be first on Horsebacke to see his Company kept vp in their full number and replenished with all able Souldiers to bee able to distinguish from the rest that are of most valour and courage as also to bee ready to assist and aduance them in all occasions so also is he to cashere and dismisse from the Company such Souldiers as hee findes fearefull lazie and vnfit for Seruice Furthermore he is to haue if it be possible two or three Souldiers in his Company that are expert in the Countrey and wayes thereof especially being in a frontier place that vpon all occasions hee may haue Guides of his owne at hand and ready to serue him to which men he ought to giue somthing extraordinary aboue the rest In Marching to his Guard or though any place hee is to be in the head of his Company before the Cornet as also going towards an Enemie In Lodging hee is to lodge in the head of the Troupe In Imbattelling with other Troupes he is to take such place as his superiour Officer doe assigne him When the Lances are joyned with Curasiers or Harquebusiers the Captaine of the Lances commands the other and in his absence the Captaine of the Curasiers in both their absence the Captaine of the Harquebusiers The Lieutenant of Horse IT is necessary that the Lieutenants of Horse should bee men of great experience abilitie and valour such as haue beene nourished brought vp amongst the Cauolery ordinarily those that are aduanced to these places are such Souldiers that in occasion haue giuen better proofe of their owne persons and valour then the rest that haue passed through the other inferiour degrees to that charge hauing beene Corporals or Cornets Hee is to be assistant to the Captaine in the execution of all directions and orders and in the absence of the Captaine to command the Troupe many times hauing all the difficulties of affaires and occasions laid vpon him in regard that the Horse troupes are often giuen to young Genetletlemen of Noble houses that of themselues haue small experience The Lieftenant must be strict and seuere to his Souldiers making them doe their duties and whatsoeuer else is necessary precisely and punctually and also to take care that they looke diligently to their Horses and to their Armes He marcheth alwayes in the Reere of the Troupe taking care that the Souldiers follow the Captaine in their order and due distances and that they disband not from the Troupe In occasions of Fight the Leiftenant is to keepe himselfe firme in the Reere of his Troupe with his Sword in his hand to incourage the Souldiers to doe their duties and seeing any of them turning or shrinking to flye from the Troupe let him kill him to giue incouragement to the rest But if in the absence of his Captaine there be presented any occasion of fight or that he be to march through suspected places the Leiftenant must aduance vp to the Front into the Captaines place leauing in his place behinde some Officer reformed or some other person of valour in whom he hath confidence which may discharge the duty of a Leiftenant The Troupe marching ordinarily or passing through any place or going to the place of Armes to the Parado the Leiftenant must in no sort take the place of the Captaine but remaine alwaies behinde as aforesaid because the Lances and Carasiers haue their Cornets who alwayes march in the head and lead the Troupes But in Troups of Harquebusiers that haue no Cornets the Leiftenant in absence of his Captaine is to take his Captaines place in the head of the Troupes be it in marching fighting or drawing to the place of Armes as to al other places sending to the Reere two of his best Corporalls to doe the office of the Leiftenant himselfe now and then notwithstanding turning towards the Reere to see if the Souldiers march in order as they should He must reade and write that he may keepe a List of the names and surnames of the Souldiers of his Troupe so as any order being sent him by writing or receiuing Letters from his superiours he be not constrained to shew them to others he must also know the abilitie and sufficiency of each Souldier to the end that there being any occasion to send them out to any place he may know whom he may best vse and imploy The Troupe marching to the guard and being approched neere vnto the place the Leiftenant is to goe before to view the court of Guard and by the Leiftenant who is to be releeued be informed of the place of Centinels both of the day and of the night what the wayes are he must beate and of all other things that by order he is to doe it in that place The Leiftenant is bound to place the Centinels himselfe and to visit them oftentimes sparing no diligence keeping himselfe in particuler continually armed and his Horse bridled The Troupe being lodged in any village the Leiftenant must take the Billets of the quarter-Master of the Troupe and afterwards distribute them himselfe to the Souldiers with as much order and contentment to them as he can before the Cornets lodging who is to make an halt or stand there with the Troupe and attend the foresaid
distribution of the Billets to the end that vpon any occasion or when any Alarme happens the Souldiers may know whereto come together and ioyne themselues to their Cornet if they shall tarry longer then one day in a place the Leiftenant is to visit the Horses to see how the Souldiers gouerne themselues and that they indamage not their Hostes which if he finde to remedy making the Captaine acquainted with euery thing and when afterwards they doe dislodge the Leiftenant must command their fires to be put out and see it performed Going to lodge in any Village or Fort or to be in Garrison that the Leiftenant ought so to accommo date the extraordinary reformed Officers and others according to their merits In all places where they lodge more then once aday the Leiftenant shall write the names of the Souldiers vpon the Billets and shall keepe a Register of those Billets that when their Hosts shall come to make any complaint he may readily finde their names and chastise them as he sees cause When the Troupe is to march and that the Trumpets sound to horse the Leiftenant must bee first in order and on horse-backe taking care that all the Souldiers doe the like with diligence and if he finde any of them negligent in this point be it either through an ill custome or of purpose to loyter behinde and pillage the houses he must punish them presently with all seuerity for an axample to others It is necessary for the Leiftenant to haue knowledge of the country and of the waies there happening many occasions that he is to send out to discouer and beate the coasts about the commodity of Guides not being at all times found In case the Troupe be charged by the Enemie the Leiftenant with some few Souldiers being best mounted must stay behinde Cornet THe Cornet in the absence of the Captaine and Leiftenant commaunds the Troupe In marching he goes alwayes in the head of the Troupe yet behinde the Captaine who must suffer no man to march beyond the Standard or to be equall with him In occasion of fight the Cornet of a company of Lances shall take his place on the left hand of the Captaine and equall in front with him and going to the Shocke together with him must indeuour to breake his Cornet or Standerd vpon the Enemy which Standard falling so to the ground he is not to take care to take it vp and if any man shall take it vp and restore it him againe he must not put it againe vpon his Staffe nor no new in the place without the permission of the Generall In occasion of fight with foote the Cornet of Lances must likewise breake his Standard vpon the same foote but neither vpon Foote nor Horse that is turned and running away The Cornet of Curasiers in marching goes before the troupe with his Cornet as also when hee presenteth himselfe in the place of Armes and when hee is to salute he is to doe it in the same manner as the Cornet of Lances doth In the time of fight the Cornet of Curasiers is to take his place in the middle of the Troupe leaning behinde him the two third parts of the Troupe and the other part that is before must bee those that be best armed and the best men The Cornet ought to keepe a List of the names of the Souldiers of the Troupe In all occasions of Mutiny discord and disputes he is presently to informe his Captaine and Leiftenant and to be assistant to the Captaine and Leiftenant or either of them in seeing all directions performed that are commanded by a superiour Officer as also all such as the Captaine hath authority to command The Quarter Master his Office THe Quarter Master is to fetch the word euery night and the directions from the Sergeant Maior of the Horse he is to distribute the Billets among the Souldiers and was wont to dedeliuer out their pay vnto them which now is giuen out by the Leiftenant of the Troupe though in my opinion not so well for it were much better that the Captaine or Leiftenant should call the Quarter Master apart appointing him the manner how he should pay the Souldiers to leaue the discharge of it to him which without doubt would giue greater contentment because the Souldier in this point of his accompt may speake more freely with the Quarter Master then the other Officers who by this meanes also are deliuered from a great many harsh replyes which they must ordinarily receiue from the Souldiers to the diminishing the respect they ought to beare them He is to attend the Quarter Master Generall and to take his orders from him of lodging the Troupe carrying with him one or two Souldiers appointed him by the Leiftenant that he may the better aduertise the Troupe where they shall lodge In the absence of the Cornet Leiftenant and Captaine he is to command the Company Trumpet THere ought to be two Trumpets in euery Troupe of Horse who ought to be diligent to sound precisely at the times appointed one of them is to be euer with the Cornet vpon all occasions When the Troupe doth march they goe before the Captaine in the head of the Troupe and in fight in the flancke of the Troups In Lodging the one lodgeth with the Captaine the other with the Cornet Going out of their lodging either on foot or on Horse-backe they are neuer to leaue off their Trumpets but alwayes to haue it by them They are imployed in Messages for Prisoners and other occasions to the Enemie and therefore ought to bee intelligent men and well gouerned that they may be able to discouer and at their returne to giue an accompt of any aduantage of disorder or important things they are able to learne among the Enemies as also to keepe themselues so as they discouer nothing that may offend their own party Briefly many important seruices may be drawne from them and good vse made prouided they bee discreet Corporall of Horse THough there haue beene some who are of opinion that it is not necessary to haue a Corporall in a Troupe of Lances and Curasiers notwithstanding I finde this Officer necessary for by the meanes of a Corporall the duties are better distributed and they themselues goe forth with the Leiftenant to assist him to place his Centinels when it is the Souldiers turne of their Squadron to doe it and in sudden occasion of sending out a number of Souldiers the easiest way is to command a whole Squadron to the seruice their lodgings also are made and distributed with more facility especially when the Troupe is not lodged altogether in one place and when there are few houses to be distributed the houses being distributed so many to a Squadron the Leiftenant giues the Billets thereof to each Squadron whereby he is to lodge his Souldiers In Troups of Harquebufiers we vse no Corporalls and they are of better esteeme because they haue euer beene there and the
COVNT MANSFIELDS DIRECTIONS of VVARRE GIVEN TO ALL HIS Officers and Souldiers in Generall ♂ LONDON Printed by Edw Allde for Richard Whittaker and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the Kings head 1642. TO The High Mighty and inuincible CHARLES Prince of Wales the Right Honourable GEORGE Duke of Buckingham and IAMES Marquesse Hambleton with the rest of his Maiesties Honourable and faithfull Councell for Warre THe Sun is all one both to the Poore Rich euen so saith Socrates ought a Prince not to haue respect to the person but to the matter Wherupon my selfe being not worthy in respect of Prudence Experience to ranke with the least or meanest member of your Heroick Counsell yet daring to compare with the Greatest in my loyall meaning fidelity and best wishes respectiuely to his Maiesty your Highnesse with restlesse prayers for the prosperous proceeding of your true Noble designes prostrate at your Highnesse feet doe present these Directions for Warre not to direct your Heauen-directed Counsels but onely as a pious pledge of my hearty deuotion to acquaint you for your better satisfaction with the order of such Martiall Discipline as the Forraine Friends of Great Britaine in these tumultuous times doe exercise their Motions Standing Marching Fighting Tyring and Retyring In a word the whole Art of Armes taught and deliuered by this illustrious and renowned Figure of Fortitude who first reuised and approued the same written is heere exemplified which I submissiuely commend principally to the Patronage of your Princely Hignesse the most remarkable object of Honour beseeching his Diuine Majestie that like a most politicke and magnanimous Generall you may transcend not onely this Right-valorous Director but euen Alexander Magnus in Militarie Actions and Directions and be Carolus surnamed Maximus but much more Fortunate in Diuturnall fruition of your Conquests and Inheritance And that as you are the Glory of your Royall Fathers age according to Zeno's testimony being right Virtuous and Religious so you may long suruiue and continue the chiefe Columne and Comfort of his Kingdomes and no lesse Defend the true Catholicke Faith wherein the greatest Guider of all Hearts direct mine firmely to perseuer and make mee euer ready and most willing as at this present to hazard my selfe and all that is mine in its Cause as one that resteth Most humbly Deuoted To your Highnesse Your Graces And the rest Respectiuely Jn any Honourable Seruice W. G. The Table The Office of a Regiment and their Duties THe Office of a Collonell Page 1. The Office of a Lieutenant Collonell pag. 3. The Office of a Sergeant Maior pag. Idem The Quarter Masters Office pag. 4. The Office of a Prouost of a Regiment pag. 5. The Office of a Captaine of Foote pag. 7. The Office of a Lieutenant of a Company pag. 10. The Office of an Ensigne pag. Idem The Office of a Sergeant of a Company pag. 11. The Office of a Corporall of a Company pag. 13. The Office of a Lanspreado pag. 17. The Office of a Drum pag. Idem The Office of a Troupe of Horse Captaine of Horse pag. 19. The Lieutenant of Horse pag. 20. The Cornet pag. 24. The Quarter Master his Office pag. 26. The Trumpet pag. 27. Corporall of Horse pag. 27. The Dignitie of Souldiers in their Fyles Of the Ordering of a Foot Companie and of the Dignitie of each Souldier in their Fyle with the manner of Exercising now vsed pag. 30. The Dignitie of Leaders pag. 33. Of Distances pag. 37. The Generall Motions which the Companie or Troupes are to obserue pag. 39. Counter-March pag. 45. These following Motions are to be performed both Standing and Marching pag. 50. Motions Standing and Marching pag. 53. THE OFFICE OF A REGIMENT AND THEIR Duties The Office of a Collonell EVery Colonell is to Command ouer all his Officers Captaynes and others and all Souldiers or men of Warre of what degree soeuer that doth put themselues or are by superiour Authoritie put and ranged vnder his Regiment and all such as are to obey his commandement and obey him as fully as they would doe the chiefest Commanders Also hee shall see all Orders Commandements and Directions which are deliuered him by the publike Officers of the Army for Guards Marches Lodging or any thing else for matter of Iustice or for ordering the Troupes and furtherance of the seruice duly executed or performed within his owne Troupes Further if hee himselfe doe finde any Mutinie or discontented humours tending to mutinie extreme out-rage or disorder or shall by any of his Captaynes Officers or Souldiers bee informed of any such hee shall forthwith aduertise the Generall thereof And if he finde any other fault negligence or swaruing either from the Directions giuen or the policy of the Army set downe hee shall straight way acquaint them by whom such directions did or was to come vnto him or some other superiour Officer if hee can conueniently acquaint him with it and shall produce the partie so offending with the witnesses and proofes that order may be giuen forthwith and Iustice done and if he fayle to giue in this information of any thing he knowes or heares of he shall be thought deeply faultie or if any such thing passe without his knowledge hee shall be thought of worse gouernment then were fit for a man of his place and charge Also in Lodging euery Colonell is to lodge as neere as can bee in the middest of the Quarter assigned for his Regiment because so he may giue direction for the whole In March the Colonell shall be at the end of his Troupes that is nearest the Enemies that is to say in the head of his Regiment going towards an Enemy and in the Reere going from them and he is not to stirre from thence vnlesse it be for the ordering of his Troupes or some extraordinary occasion Also once euery weeke the Colonell shall call together all his Captaines and shall enquire of all offences in his Regiment and examine the nature and qualitie of them to prepare the Causes for a more short and easie hearing in a Marshall Court All Colonels shall repayre to a Martiall Court as often as they shall be warned and shal be assistant to the Lord Marshall in all causes that shall be there in question or belong to the Iustice of the Armie The Office of a Lieutenant Colonell THe Lieutenant Colonell when his Colonell is present is to assist and obey him in seeing all directions performed that are deliuered by any publique Officer or such as shall be within the authoritie of a Colonell himselfe to command and in the absence of his Colonell hee shall haue the same authoritie the Colonell hath He is to lodge euer on the right hand of his Colonels lodging as neere the end of the Quarter as conueuiently may bee In Marching and Imbattelling whensoeuer his Colonell is in the head of his Regiment he shall be in the reere of all that Regiment and when his
his guard he is to take directions of the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment for placing of his Corps-de Guard setting his Centinels and sending forth his Round and to see the directions giuen him performed Hee is not to abandon his guard till he be releeued and whatsoeuer is discouered or brought to that Corp-de guard where he is shall by him bee sent to the Captaine of the Watch and hee shall still make good his guard if hee be not commanded by a superior Officer to retyre If he heare of any muteny or discontented humour tending to muteny outrage or any disorder committed by any of his company within his quarter he shall forthwith aduertise his Colonell or if hee be not in the way some publike Officer of the Army and that he arrest and bring forth the partie offending with such witnesses and proofes as are to be produced of which if he faile and know it hee shall be held very faulty and if such things escape him he shall be held vnworthy of his place He shall see on the other side to those of his Company that doe better then their fellowes aduanced to place and incouraged accordingly and doe right to all of them both in the pay and in all things else that are due vnto them and shall as farre as in him lyeth take care of the sicke and hurt men In matter of seruice he shall doe all that is commanded him by any superiour officer that hath authority in the best sort he can without either exceeding his Commission or doing lesse Lastly when he is alone with his Company hee shall be very vigilant and carefull both in marching and lodging and if he be put to any extremity yet he must looke to make accompt and therefore hee shall doe the vtmost both by iudgement and valour to free his Troopes The Office of the Leiftenant of a Company WHen the Company is present he shall be an assistant to his Captaine in seeing all directions performed that are commanded by a superiour Officer all such as his Captaine hath authority to command and in the absence of the Captaine he shall haue the same authority the Captaine hath In Marching if there bee no company but his owne he shall be at the one end of his company when the Captaine is at the other end and if the company march with the Regiment he shall take such place as the superiour Officers that haue authority shall assigne him In lodging he shall be placed on the right hand of his Captaine as neere the end of the quarter as conueniently may be and shall in all seruices and at all times helpe to keepe the Souldiers in Discipline and obedience and shall performe all things commanded him which are necessary to bee done by him with valour and iudgement The Office of an Ensigne WHen his Captaine or Leiftenant are present he shall be assistant to them or either of them and in their absence haue the same authority the Captaine hath In Marching he is to catry his Ensigne and take such place as shall be assigned him and if his Company be alone hee shall either vpon entering his quarter going out of his quarter going vpon his guard or vpon sight of the Enemie carry his Ensigne aduanced and flying and if he march with a Regiment hee and all the other Ensignes of the Regiment shall doe as the Ensigne Colonell doth In Fight he shall euer carry his Ensigne aduanced and flying without offering to vse it in any kinde of offence being the signe for the Company to gather by and therefore to be preserued for which cause for his defence he is to vse his Sword If he march with other Ensignes he shall take such place as shall be assigned him The Ensigne shall neuer turne his face out of his order start from any danger nor forsake his Ensigne vpon paine of death Whensoeuer the Drumme shall beate for the gathering of the Company together he shall be in the place and shall see the Ensigne well guarded and be ready to march or doe any thing for the seruice The Office of the Sergiant of a Company IF all the three fore-named Officers be out of the way by any accident then the eldest Sergiant is to command the Company as next in place In assembling the Company he shall set euery man in his place and if any be missing hee shall seeke them out and haue power to correct them and if any be defectiue and not to be found he is to acquaint his Captaine or Officer with it When the Company is assembled and set in order he shall march in the out side where he may best see the order of march obserued and to make the places of Sergiants more certaine the eldest Sergiant shall march in the right Flancke and take care from the Ensigne forward and the youngest Sergiant on the left Flancke and take care from the Ensigne backward Though he is to vnderstand the vse of all Armes vsually carryed and all things else that belongs to a Souldier yet he is especially to make himselfe able to direct and lead Shott because if his Company be alone and haue any fight he is by custome to conduct the Shott in which case he is to follow the directions giuen him by his Captaine or in his Captaines absence by any of his superiour Officers And for his more perticular directions how to lead his Shotte after that he hath brought them vp to that ground and in that number and order that his Captaine or superiour Officer hath directed him he shall haue euery man come vp close to him and see him take his leuell and discharge to a good purpose as also he shall fee the Shotte keepe their order as well in going on as in retyring if he be found with other Troopes he shall follow the directions of him that commands the Troope and carefully looke to the order of that part on which he is assigned to attend The eldest Sergeant shall lodge in the skirt of the Quarter right behind the Captayne and the other Sergeant in the same sort right beyond the Lieutenant and in the Quarter they are both to visite the Souldiers lodgings and to see them orderly and quiet He is also to setch the Word from the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment and deliuer it to his Captaine Lieutenant and Ensigne and to the Corporall that is of the Watch if the whole company watch he is to attend and to see the places where the Centenels are put out and to visite them all if they watch by Squadrons then hee shall lead the squadrons to bring them to their Guard where hee shal attend vpon any extraordinary occasion by the appointment of the Captaine of the Watch and whilst hee is there he is to aduertise the Captaine of the watch of any extrordinary discouery or accident of any importance He shall deliuer such Munitions either of victuals or of warre to the Corporals of the Company as
the same manner they did before them and so all the other Rankes by twoes one after another When they haue presented no man must be suffered to Discharge his Musquet till the word Giue Fire bee giuen and then the whole Ranke must be taught to Discharge hansomely and altogether no man being permitted to take his ayme higher then the Girdle or the Middle of a man When you will acquaint them to giue Fire retyring from an Enemy you must do it in this manner As the Troupe marcheth the last Ranke makes ready and beeing ready turneth at an instant to the right hand Presents and giues Fire which being performed they March one after another a good round pace towards the Front and there place themselues together before the Souldiers as soone as the aforesaid first Ranke is turned to Discharge the Ranke next it makes ready and when the formost is Marched away the second comes vp after the same manner the former did Presenting giuing Fire falling away and performing all thinges in the same sort the former did so successiuely the rest one after another We giue fire by Flankes thus The outmost Fyle next you must be Cōmanded to make ready Marching still along with the body till such time as they be ready then they are to turne at the Signall giuen vpon the Enemy giue Fire altogether at one time when they haue Discharged they stirre not but stand firme keeping their Ground and Charging their Musquets againe Now assoone as the foresaid Fyle turnes to giue Fire the outmost next it must make ready alwayes Marching along with the Body till the Bringer vp bee past a little beyond the Leader of the Fyle that gaue fire last and then the second outmost Fyle must turne altogether and giue fire doing as the first did and so all the rest of the Fyles successiuely one after another A Sergeant or if the Troupe bee great some better qualified Officer shall stand at the head of the first fyle and as soone as the second fyle hath giuen fire he is to lead forwards the first fyle and so the rest one after another till he hath gathered vp the whole wing of Shotte and then hee shall ioyne them againe in equall front with the Pykes Another way of skirmishing is this all the whole wing of Musketiers makes ready altogether and the first ranke without aduancing giues fire in the place it stands in and speedily as it may yet orderly falls away all the ranks doing the same one after another successiuely Now last of all we will repeate the termes of directions which are these Motions standing and Marching Fyles right your Selues Ranks right your Selues Silence To the right hand As you were To the left hand As you were By the right hand to the Reere As you were By the left hand to the Reere As you were Rankes to the right hand Double As you were Ranks to the left hand Double As you were Middle-men to the right hand Double the Front As you were Middle-men to the Left hand double the Front As you were Bringers vp to the Right hand Double your Front As you were Bringers vp to the Left hand Double your Front As you were Middle-men by Deuision Double your Front to the right hand As you were Middle-men by Deuision Double the Front to the left hand As you were Middle-men to the Pyke or to the Sword Double the Body As you were Ranks by the Flankes Double the Body to the right hand to the left hand As you were Halfe Ranks by the Flanks Double the Front As you were To the right or left hand Counter-march As you were This is for the Ranks but when you will Counter-march your Flanks or Fyles you must first bid them to the right or left hand vpon which directions they will turne their faces to the flanke you desire to haue them turned and then say as you did before in the Countermarching the Ranks To the right or to the left hand Counter-march The same also is to be losed in the other Counter-marches which are these viz. To the right hand Countermarch and stand As you were Before you wheele the Body you shall vse these words Fyles close to your meane order or to 3. foot Ranks close to your meane order or to 3. foot Aduance your Pykes Slope your Musquets To the right hand Whele To the left hand Whele To the Reere Whele After you haue wheeled to the right hand to wheele backe againe must be euer to the contrary hand you wheeled first Front as you were Ranks open backward Fyles open If before the first wheeling they closed co the right hand then they must open to the left hand and so the contrary Front as you were FJNIS