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britain_n and_o in_o so_o old_a antiquity_n it_o be_v much_o for_o beda_n even_o to_o know_v the_o descent_n under_o reuda_n and_o whereas_o the_o bishop_n quarrel_v beda_n that_o he_o give_v no_o authority_n for_o this_o the_o reply_n be_v that_o if_o it_o be_v requisite_a than_o one_o author_n behove_v to_o give_v another_o and_o he_o a_o three_o &_o sic_fw-la in_o infinitum_fw-la nor_o do_v ever_o any_o man_n before_o he_o require_v a_o authority_n in_o so_o ancient_a a_o author_n and_o this_o answer_n be_v a_o full_a proof_n of_o the_o bishop_n conviction_n who_o be_v absolute_o gravel_v here_o he_o grow_v as_o angry_a at_o beda_n as_o at_o our_o historian_n and_o tell_v disdainful_o that_o this_o may_v be_v true_a for_o aught_o beda_n know_v and_o add_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v indeed_o here_o in_o beda_n time_n and_o he_o speak_v according_a to_o his_o own_o time_n which_o be_v to_o make_v beda_n speak_v great_a nonsense_n for_o beda_n speak_v here_o of_o the_o preterite_n and_o 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be_v very_o easy_a for_o he_o to_o know_v it_o that_o be_v so_o public_a a_o thing_n which_o concern_v his_o own_o as_o well_o as_o his_o neighbour_n nation_n but_o if_o the_o scot_n have_v settle_v in_o anno_fw-la 503_o beda_n can_v not_o have_v call_v they_o 1._o prisci_fw-la incolae_fw-la and_o reckon_v they_o among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n for_o a_o man_n live_v in_o his_o time_n may_v have_v tell_v he_o that_o his_o father_n see_v the_o scot_n call_v over_o by_o the_o pict_n and_o that_o they_o settle_v here_o in_o his_o time_n beda_n be_v thus_o clear_a to_o a_o demonstration_n as_o far_o as_o chronology_n and_o history_n can_v allow_v i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o wat_fw-mi gildas_n say_v can_v contradict_v our_o history_n since_o he_o copy_n gildas_n and_o live_v within_o 200_o year_n of_o he_o and_o since_o both_o write_v the_o same_o action_n in_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n or_o how_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v that_o if_o gildas_n have_v know_v our_o origin_n to_o 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more_o humourous_a than_o so_o worthy_a a_o man_n need_v to_o be_v trust_v to_o no_o other_o answer_n but_o that_o the_o panegyrist_n speak_v here_o according_a to_o the_o conception_n of_o the_o age_n wherein_o he_o live_v but_o as_o any_o citation_n may_v be_v thus_o answer_v so_o if_o he_o have_v not_o speak_v with_o relation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n the_o comparison_n and_o compliment_n have_v no_o great_a force_n the_o learned_a usher_n likewise_o object_n not_o this_o to_o buchannan_n which_o show_v also_o his_o acquiescence_n 2._o if_o this_o natio_fw-la rudis_fw-la have_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o soli_n britanni_n and_o if_o the_o sense_n must_v be_v as_o his_o lordship_n say_v a_o rude_a nation_n the_o britain_n than_o not_o only_o it_o have_v be_v superfluous_a but_o inconsistent_a with_o true_a sense_n for_o how_o can_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v copulate_v with_o it-self_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v say_v natio_fw-la rudis_fw-la soli_fw-la britanni_n assueta_fw-la hostibus_fw-la yet_o certain_o assueti_fw-la have_v be_v more_o elegant_a for_o a_o orator_n if_o soli_n britanni_n have_v be_v the_o nominative_a and_o the_o great_a tibull_n joseph_n scaliger_n one_o of_o the_o best_a judge_n both_o for_o that_o kind_n of_o learning_n and_o disinteressedness_n exclaim_v against_o luddus_n for_o misconstruct_v so_o the_o word_n and_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n may_v have_v spare_v the_o say_n 11._o that_o cambden_n ought_v to_o have_v give_v buchannan_n correction_n for_o the_o great_a joseph_n scaliger_n and_o buchannan_n that_o incomparable_a humanist_n be_v fit_a to_o give_v than_o receive_v correction_n from_o any_o in_o the_o isle_n or_o age._n i_o must_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v point_v these_o word_n otherways_o than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o author_n for_o in_o the_o author_n of_o paulus_n stephanus_n and_o plantin_n edition_n who_o be_v the_o most_o learned_a and_o exact_a of_o all_o printer_n there_o be_v no_o comma_n immediate_o after_o tthe_a word_n soli_fw-la britanni_n and_o it_o be_v point_v as_o i_o have_v set_v it_o down_o here_o and_o even_o 37._o luddus_n be_v just_a here_o but_o the_o bishop_n have_v very_o witty_o add_v the_o comma_n after_o these_o word_n now_o without_o the_o comma_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o panegyrist_n mean_v pictis_fw-la &_o hibernis_fw-la soli_fw-la britanni_n and_o if_o the_o panegyrist_n have_v design_v his_o word_n shall_v have_v be_v construe_v as_o the_o bishop_n have_v construe_v they_o so_o great_a a_o orator_n will_v certain_o have_v say_v soli_n britanni_n natio_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la etiam_fw-la tunc_fw-la rudis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o word_n have_v be_v clear_a and_o the_o ingenious_a bishop_n need_v not_o in_o translate_n they_o to_o have_v be_v force_v to_o use_v the_o word_n 12._o nation_n twice_o because_o the_o sense_n be_v hard_a and_o unnatural_a according_a to_o his_o
multitude_n of_o english_a writer_n cite_v by_o bishop_n usher_n who_o derive_v his_o birth_n from_o greece_n and_o describe_v the_o particular_a action_n of_o his_o life_n and_o his_o martyrdom_n with_o which_o also_o the_o modern_a english_a writer_n agree_v as_o 58._o baleus_n holinsh_v speed_v all_o which_o english_a and_o thousand_o of_o other_o testimony_n do_v far_o weigh_v down_o bishop_n vsher_n conjecture_n that_o amphibalus_fw-la be_v not_o a_o man_n but_o a_o vestiment_n from_o the_o silence_n of_o gildas_n beda_n the_o martyrology_n and_o breviaries_n of_o salisbury_n and_o jeffrey_n who_o do_v not_o mention_v he_o for_o gildas_n can_v not_o mention_v he_o write_v concern_v the_o conquest_n and_o destruction_n of_o britain_n beda_n tell_v the_o passage_n relative_a to_o st._n alban_n and_o albeit_o he_o name_v he_o not_o in_o the_o dioclesian_n persecution_n yet_o he_o tell_v that_o many_o more_o suffer_v than_o the_o three_o he_o name_v we_o have_v not_o see_v the_o martyrology_n and_o breviaries_n nor_o do_v it_o import_v whether_o they_o mention_v he_o or_o not_o and_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o some_o english_a writer_n do_v not_o mention_v he_o as_o that_o he_o be_v mention_v by_o so_o many_o see_v he_o be_v a_o greek_a and_o a_o bishop_n in_o the_o remote_a isle_n of_o britain_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n will_v have_v be_v bury_v under_o silence_n have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o that_o passage_n with_o st._n alban_n my_o last_o argument_n for_o confirm_v our_o history_n shall_v be_v that_o the_o best_a critic_n historian_n and_o antiquary_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v our_o history_n and_o particular_o the_o great_a baronius_n scaliger_n salmasius_n lipsius_n carolus_n sigonius_n favinus_fw-la selden_n and_o other_o of_o the_o first_o rank_n too_o many_o to_o be_v name_v have_v passionate_o defend_v our_o antiquity_n and_o not_o only_o sustain_v but_o praise_v our_o history_n 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learned_a critic_n yet_o can_v they_o have_v be_v so_o blind_a and_o ignorant_a especial_o in_o that_o subtle_a and_o laborious_a age_n wherein_o all_o man_n be_v by_o a_o noble_a emulation_n contend_v who_o shall_v discover_v most_o as_o not_o to_o have_v see_v defect_n which_o if_o they_o have_v be_v real_a they_o have_v be_v obvious_a it_o be_v also_o very_o remarkable_a that_o since_o all_o nation_n be_v emulous_a of_o one_o another_o in_o matter_n of_o antiquity_n yet_o they_o by_o yield_v to_o we_o have_v thereby_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o be_v beyond_o all_o debate_n and_o to_o this_o day_n none_o controvert_v it_o notwithstanding_o of_o all_o the_o pain_n take_v by_o luddus_n cambden_n and_o usher_n further_o than_o to_o gratify_v their_o own_o country_n and_o therefore_o as_o cicero_n argue_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o brave_a because_o every_o nation_n commend_v they_o next_o to_o their_o own_o i_o may_v contend_v that_o we_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a because_o 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that_o truth_n which_o i_o assert_v i_o dare_v appeal_n to_o selden_n that_o englishman_n who_o be_v so_o affectionate_a to_o his_o country_n and_o that_o antiquary_n who_o understand_v best_a of_o all_o mankind_n the_o antiquity_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n and_o even_o to_o he_o also_o in_o his_o mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la write_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o glory_n of_o his_o country_n who_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o maris_fw-la clausi_n have_v these_o word_n speak_v of_o those_o famous_a line_n in_o claudian_n to_o the_o praise_n of_o stilicho_n ind_n caledonio_n velata_fw-la britannia_fw-la monstro_fw-la totam_fw-la cum_fw-la scotus_n jernam_fw-la movit_fw-la &_o infesto_fw-la spumavit_fw-la remige_fw-la tethys_n as_o the_o palm_n and_o the_o river_n tagus_n be_v peculiar_a to_o spain_n as_o the_o ear_n of_o corn_n and_o ivory_n to_o africa_n so_o he_o will_v have_v it_o understand_v that_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n have_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n peculiar_a thereto_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v so_o limit_v in_o this_o sea_n according_a to_o their_o possession_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o they_o have_v little_a power_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n which_o border_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o those_o british_a nation_n who_o be_v not_o under_o their_o obedience_n this_o be_v to_o be_v take_v chief_o of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o lie_v northwest_o for_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o decline_v not_o only_o in_o ireland_n but_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n also_o and_o the_o other_o isle_n of_o the_o western_a sea_n and_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o britain_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n so_o that_o we_o have_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o conceive_v that_o they_o also_o have_v a_o ancient_a dominion_n of_o their_o own_o in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n from_o which_o passage_n i_o argue_v thus_o 1._o that_o selden_n consider_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n as_o nation_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_n gentes_fw-la iis_fw-la viz._n romanis_n minime_fw-la subjacentes_fw-la no_o manner_n of_o way_n subject_n to_o the_o roman_n and_o look_v on_o we_o as_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o these_o two_o nation_n for_o the_o word_n run_v a_o scotis_n tenebatur_fw-la pictisque_fw-la and_o very_o just_o for_o we_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o while_o they_o be_v just_a to_o we_o and_o to_o extirpate_v they_o when_o they_o become_v enemy_n 2._o this_o great_a antiquary_n assert_n that_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n possess_v not_o only_o in_o stilicho_n time_n who_o be_v guardian_n to_o honorius_n and_o so_o live_v about_o anno_fw-la 400_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o western_a isle_n and_o consequent_o if_o we_o possess_v they_o then_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o we_o be_v only_o here_o by_o way_n of_o incursion_n till_o the_o year_n 500_o or_o be_v confine_v to_o argile_n till_o after_o the_o year_n 500_o as_o my_o lord_n st._n asaph_n contend_v 3._o that_o we_o be_v not_o only_o possess_v then_o but_o that_o we_o have_v avitum_fw-la dominium_fw-la ancient_a dominion_n and_o have_v right_o prisco_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o nothing_o be_v so_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o be_v proprietor_n as_o to_o be_v robber_n come_v only_o by_o way_n of_o incursion_n and_o if_o we_o have_v the_o dominion_n of_o our_o sea_n jure_fw-la prisco_fw-la and_o per_fw-la dominium_fw-la avitum_fw-la we_o be_v certain_o ancient_a possessor_n before_o the_o year_n 400_o and_o so_o must_v have_v be_v not_o only_o far_o old_a than_o the_o year_n 500_o but_o even_o to_o have_v be_v prisci_fw-la incolae_fw-la as_o beda_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o say_v before_o the_o roman_n enter_v this_o isle_n and_o so_o before_o christ._n selden_n also_o
construction_n and_o whereas_o the_o bishop_n pretend_v ibia_fw-la that_o the_o word_n construe_v according_a to_o buchannan_n will_v not_o have_v run_v so_o strong_a in_o the_o comparison_n for_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o comparison_n lie_v say_v he_o in_o that_o julius_n caesar_n '_o s_o victory_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o that_o of_o constantius_n because_o caesar_n overcome_v a_o nation_n yet_o rude_a and_o unskilful_a of_o war_n and_o only_a britain_n a_o nation_n use_v to_o no_o other_o enemy_n but_o pict_n and_o irish_a whereas_o constantius_n overcome_v carausius_n who_o have_v get_v a_o roman_a legion_n on_o his_o side_n etc._n etc._n but_o by_o his_o lordship_n favour_n the_o comparison_n run_v strong_a enough_o thus_o according_a to_o buchannan_n construction_n caesar_n overcome_v the_o britain_n when_o they_o be_v yet_o a_o rude_a nation_n use_v only_o to_o fight_v against_o the_o pict_n and_o irish_a who_o live_v upon_o the_o land_n or_o isle_n of_o britain_n but_o constantius_n overcome_v they_o after_o they_o have_v be_v long_o train_v up_o in_o war._n and_o certain_o a_o nation_n be_v a_o far_o more_o formidable_a enemy_n after_o their_o be_v long_o train_v up_o in_o war_n than_o when_o yet_o rude_a and_o unexperienced_a though_o they_o have_v have_v the_o accession_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n which_o can_v signify_v nothing_o against_o a_o whole_a roman_a army_n nor_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o word_n must_v be_v ill_o construe_v if_o so_o the_o comparison_n will_v be_v strong_a for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o sustain_v the_o construction_n that_o in_o the_o comparison_n constantius_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o the_o way_n i_o have_v mention_v 4._o if_o there_o be_v any_o doubtfulness_n in_o these_o word_n as_o there_o be_v none_o yet_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v interpret_v so_o as_o to_o consist_v with_o other_o author_n and_o history_n and_o especial_o with_o beda_n for_o in_o our_o sense_n they_o confirm_v his_o chronological_a account_n of_o our_o be_v in_o this_o isle_n before_o julius_n caesar_n time_n and_o the_o bishop_n must_v still_o remember_v that_o he_o can_v overturn_v our_o receive_a history_n except_o he_o produce_v argument_n which_o infallible_o conclude_v against_o they_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o verba_fw-la semper_fw-la sunt_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la potius_fw-la ut_fw-la scriptura_fw-la vel_fw-la actus_fw-la subsistat_fw-la quam_fw-la ut_fw-la destruatur_fw-la this_o show_v also_o that_o in_o constantius_n time_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 300_o the_o britain_n be_v assueti_fw-la use_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n and_o this_o use_n must_v imply_v a_o long_a time_n and_o so_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o we_o have_v frequent_a war_n with_o the_o britain_n long_a before_o this_o time_n and_o consequent_o the_o bishop_n err_v 1._o assert_v we_o be_v not_o in_o britain_n even_o by_o way_n of_o incursion_n till_o the_o year_n 300._o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o in_o the_o phrase_n soli_n britanni_n britanni_n be_v a_o substantive_n britannici_n be_v still_o the_o adjective_n and_o therefore_o these_o word_n must_v be_v construe_v to_o be_v the_o nominative_a case_n as_o the_o bp_o of_o st._n asaph_n allege_v i_o prove_v the_o contrary_a by_o lucretius_n nam_fw-la quid_fw-la britannum_fw-la coelum_fw-la differre_fw-la putamus_fw-la etc._n etc._n claudianus_n de_fw-fr quarto_fw-la consulatu_fw-la honorii_n terribilis_fw-la mauro_n debellatorque_fw-la britanni_n littoris_fw-la a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o arise_v from_o the_o same_o eumenius_n in_o this_o same_o panegyric_n where_o speak_v of_o constantius_n victory_n over_o this_o island_n he_o say_v neque_fw-la enim_fw-la ille_fw-la tot_fw-la tantisque_fw-la rebus_fw-la gestis_fw-la non_fw-la dico_fw-la caledonum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la pictorum_fw-la silvas_fw-la &_o paludes_fw-la sed_fw-la nec_fw-la hiberniam_fw-la proximam_fw-la nec_fw-la thulen_n ultimam_fw-la nec_fw-la ipsae_fw-la si_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la fortunatarum_fw-la insulas_fw-la dignabitur_fw-la acquirere_fw-la and_o though_o usher_v foresee_v the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n endeavour_n to_o elude_v it_o by_o contend_v that_o by_o the_o caledonii_n be_v here_o mean_v the_o pict_n because_o the_o word_n aliorumque_fw-la pictorum_fw-la have_v else_o be_v impertinent_a yet_o to_o make_v the_o scot_n not_o to_o be_v caledonian_n in_o ancient_a author_n be_v too_o great_a a_o task_n even_o for_o usher_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o universal_o receive_v opinion_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a 10._o some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v cite_v in_o the_o margin_n but_o for_o a_o further_a proof_n i_o shall_v here_o cite_v a_o roman_a that_o live_v very_o near_o eumenius_n time_n and_o who_o almost_o speak_v in_o the_o same_o word_n with_o he_o latinus_n pacatius_n drepanius_n who_o in_o his_o panegyric_n to_o theodosius_n the_o elder_a who_o live_v anno_fw-la 367_o compliment_v he_o upon_o scotum_n have_v reduce_v the_o scot_n to_o their_o marsh_n show_v that_o the_o sylvae_fw-la and_o paludes_n caledonum_n be_v the_o scotorum_fw-la sylvae_fw-la though_o stranger_n in_o those_o ancient_a time_n can_v little_o distinguish_v pict_n from_o scot_n and_o from_o which_o i_o further_o evince_v that_o the_o scot_n before_o the_o year_n 400_o dwell_v in_o in_o scotland_n as_o their_o own_o country_n else_o it_o have_v be_v impertinent_a and_o untrue_a to_o say_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v reduce_v to_o their_o own_o marsh_n have_v thus_o show_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v caledonian_n it_o clear_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o ancient_a author_n who_o write_v of_o the_o caledonii_n prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o therefore_o valerius_n flaccus_n prove_v our_o antiquity_n who_o write_v to_o domitian_n in_o praise_n of_o his_o father_n vespasian_n who_o be_v know_v to_o have_v make_v war_n with_o we_o about_o the_o year_n 70_o after_o christ_n say_v 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the_o practice_n of_o other_o but_o from_o sabellicus_n 1._o gliscere_fw-la indy_n id_fw-la malum_fw-la augebatur_fw-la duarum_fw-la gentium_fw-la audaciâ_fw-la apparebatque_fw-la brevi_fw-la totam_fw-la insulam_fw-la alienatam_fw-la iri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la conatibus_fw-la maturé_fw-la iretur_fw-la obviam_fw-la 5._o how_o it_o be_v imaginable_a that_o the_o pict_n find_v themselves_o in_o so_o great_a danger_n from_o the_o roman_n and_o briton_n the_o one_o very_o considerable_a for_o their_o valour_n and_o the_o other_o for_o their_o great_a number_n will_v not_o have_v entreat_v the_o scot_n to_o stay_v constant_o with_o they_o for_o though_o they_o have_v be_v equal_a to_o their_o enemy_n when_o the_o scot_n and_o they_o be_v together_o yet_o they_o can_v not_o be_v but_o much_o more_o inferior_a to_o they_o when_o the_o scot_n leave_v they_o once_o every_o year_n 6._o if_o the_o irish_a have_v constant_o send_v in_o auxiliary_n to_o assist_v against_o the_o roman_n it_o 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