cantref_o selef_n which_o have_v these_o comot_n selef_n and_o â—rahayern_n cantref_o canol_n these_o talgarth_n ystradyw_n and_o brwynâ—ys_n or_o eglwys_n yail_v cantref_o mawr_z these_o tir_fw-fr raulff_n lhywel_n and_o cerrigâ—owel_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o town_n of_o brecknock_n upon_o â—â—e_z meeting_n of_o vsk_n and_o honddi_n and_o be_v call_v aberâ—onddi_n and_o hay_n call_v y_o gelhy_a with_o talgarth_n buelht_n â—hangors_n it_o have_v west_n caermardhyn-shire_n with_o the_o river_n tywy_n upon_o the_o north_n radnor-shire_n with_o why_o â—pon_o the_o east_n herefordshire_n and_o monmouth_n upon_o the_o â—outh_n glamorgan_n this_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v full_a of_o mountain_n wood_n and_o river_n especial_o buelht_v and_o â—he_v lord_n of_o this_o country_n call_v bruce_n with_o the_o morâ—mers_n most_o of_o all_o other_o lord_n marcher_n sometime_o by_o may_v but_o often_o by_o treason_n have_v molest_v and_o grieve_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n this_o land_n come_v after_o the_o bruce_n to_o the_o bohun_v earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o so_o to_o the_o stafford'_v duke_n of_o buckingham_n these_o six_o shire_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o dynefawr_n with_o radnor-shire_n which_o be_v belong_v to_o mathrafal_n be_v now_o common_o call_v south-wales_n which_o country_n be_v both_o great_a and_o large_a with_o many_o â—air_a plain_n and_o valley_n for_o corn_n high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n full_a of_o pasture_n for_o cattle_n great_a and_o thick_a wood_n with_o forest_n and_o park_n for_o red_a deer_n and_o fallow_a clear_a and_o deep_a river_n full_a of_o fish_n of_o which_o severn_n be_v the_o chief_a which_o with_o why_o and_o rheidolâ—pring_v â—pring_z out_o of_o a_o high_a mountain_n call_v pymlhymon_n in_o the_o edge_n of_o cardiganshire_n and_o be_v call_v common_o the_o three_o sister_n severn_n run_v full_a east_n through_o cydewen_n by_o the_o pool_n and_o under_o the_o castle_n of_o shraden_n to_o shrewsbury_n from_o whence_o it_o turn_v southward_o and_o run_v to_o bridgenorth_n bewdley_n worcester_n gloucester_n and_o â—o_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o bristol_n the_o second_o sister_n be_v gwy_a in_o english_a why_o which_o take_v her_o journey_n southeast_n by_o rayader_n gwy_a to_o buelht_n where_o irwon_a meet_v she_o thence_o to_o glasbury_n and_o so_o to_o hereford_n and_o monmouth_n and_o to_o the_o sea_n of_o severn_n at_o chepstow_n for_o so_o they_o call_v môr_n hafren_n the_o sea_n which_o sever_v wales_n from_o somersetshire_n devon_n shire_n and_o cornwall_n the_o three_o sister_n name_v rheidol_n run_v northward_o to_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o far_o off_o at_o aberystwyth_n there_o be_v other_o fair_a river_n as_o vsk_v which_o rise_v in_o a_o high_a mountain_n call_v y_o mynydh_n die_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o brecknockshire_n run_v to_o brecknock_n and_o so_o through_o monmouthshire_n to_o the_o town_n of_o vsk_n caerlheon_n and_o newport_n and_o so_o to_o the_o say_a south_n sea_n tywy_o also_o rise_v not_o far_o from_o why_o run_v south_n to_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o thence_o south-west_n by_o lhandcilo_n and_o dynefawr_n to_o abergwily_n and_o caermardhyn_n and_o so_o by_o lhanstephan_n to_o the_o sea_n teifi_n likewise_o which_o rise_v in_o the_o edge_n of_o caermardhyn_a shire_n and_o run_v north-west_n by_o emlyn_n ci_o gerran_a cardigan_n and_o so_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n in_o teifi_n above_o all_o the_o river_n in_o wales_n itiner_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d greek_n fiber_n lat._n beaver_n english_a afanc_fw-fr british_a giraldus_n in_o itiner_n be_v in_o giraldus_n time_n a_o great_a number_n of_o castor_n which_o may_v be_v english_v bever_n and_o be_v call_v in_o welsh_a afanc_n which_o name_n only_o remain_v in_o wales_n at_o this_o day_n but_o what_o it_o be_v very_o few_o can_v tell_v it_o be_v a_o beast_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o otter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v big_a all_o hairy_a save_v the_o tail_n which_o be_v like_o a_o fish_n tail_n as_o broad_a as_o a_o man_n hand_n this_o beast_n use_v as_o well_o the_o water_n as_o the_o land_n and_o have_v very_o sharp_a tooth_n and_o bit_v cruel_o till_o he_o perceive_v the_o bone_n crack_v his_o stone_n be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n in_o physic_n he_o that_o will_v learn_v what_o strong_a nest_n they_o make_v which_o giraldus_n call_v castle_n which_o they_o build_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n with_o great_a bough_n which_o they_o cut_v with_o their_o tooth_n and_o how_o some_o lie_n upon_o their_o back_n hold_v the_o wood_n with_o the_o fore-feet_n which_o the_o other_o draw_v with_o a_o cross_a stick_n the_o which_o he_o hold_v in_o his_o mouth_n to_o the_o waterside_n and_o other_o particularity_n of_o their_o nature_n let_v he_o read_v giraldus_n in_o his_o topography_n of_o wales_n there_o be_v beside_o these_o a_o great_a number_n of_o river_n of_o which_o some_o run_v to_o the_o south_n and_o some_o to_o the_o west_n and_o north_n sea_n as_o tywy_a in_o glamorgan-shire_n taf_n also_o in_o caermardhyn_a shire_n which_o runnenh_v to_o cledheu_o two_o river_n either_o call_v cledheu_o which_o do_v give_v milford_n the_o name_n of_o aberdaugledheu_o in_o pembrokeshire_n arthur_n aeron_n and_o ystwyth_n in_o cardigan_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a lordship_n which_o be_v add_v to_o other_o shire_n and_o be_v take_v heretofore_o for_o part_n of_o wales_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o welsh_a language_n be_v speak_v as_o oswestry_n knock_v whittington_n elsmer_n masbroke_n chirbury_n caurs_n clun_n which_o be_v now_o in_o shrop-shire_n ewyas-lacy_n ewyas-haroald_a clifford_n winsorton_n yardley_n hunâ—ingdon_n whitney_n loghardney_n in_o hereford-shire_n also_o this_o country_n of_o south_n wales_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o britain_n be_v first_o inhabit_v by_o the_o britain_n which_o remain_v there_o to_o this_o day_n save_v that_o in_o divers_a place_n especial_o along_o the_o seashore_n they_o have_v be_v mingle_v with_o saxon_n norman_n which_o the_o welsh_a history_n call_v frenchman_n and_o flemings_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n since_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o norman_n can_v never_o keep_v quiet_a possession_n thereof_o but_o what_o for_o stranger_n and_o what_o for_o disloyalty_n of_o their_o own_o people_n vexation_n and_o war_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compel_v to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o caermardhyn-shire_n the_o history_n of_o wales_n when_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o valentinian_n the_o young_a begin_v to_o decline_v and_o become_v sensible_o unable_a to_o repress_v the_o perpetual_a incursion_n of_o the_o goth_n huns_n vandal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a invader_n it_o be_v find_v necessary_a to_o abandon_v the_o remote_a part_n of_o that_o unwieldy_a body_n and_o to_o recall_v the_o roman_a force_n that_o defend_v they_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v the_o inward_a and_o the_o province_n most_o expose_v to_o the_o depredation_n of_o the_o barbarian_n and_o in_o this_o exigency_n of_o the_o roman_a affair_n britain_n as_o lie_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o roman_a garrison_n which_o be_v transport_v into_o gaul_n upon_o more_o urgent_a occasion_n leave_v it_o naked_a and_o expose_v to_o the_o inveterate_a cruelty_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n for_o no_o soon_o have_v they_o understand_v of_o the_o roman_n departure_n out_o of_o britain_n and_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v to_o expect_v no_o further_o help_v from_o the_o empire_n but_o they_o descend_v in_o great_a number_n than_o former_o and_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o expectation_n be_v how_o rid_v of_o the_o fear_n they_o entertain_v of_o the_o roman_a legion_n who_o always_o use_v to_o hinder_v their_o progress_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a province_n the_o britain_n perceive_v their_o ancient_a and_o implacable_a enemy_n to_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o find_v themselves_o far_o too_o weak_a to_o repel_v their_o endless_a devastation_n with_o a_o lamentable_a narrative_n of_o their_o own_o misery_n and_o the_o cruel_a oppression_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o send_v over_o to_o gaul_n implore_v aid_n of_o aetius_n praefect_n of_o that_o province_n who_o be_v move_v with_o the_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o britain_n dispatch_v over_o a_o legion_n under_o the_o command_n of_o gallio_n which_o unexpected_o surprise_v the_o pict_n and_o scot_n force_v they_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o destruction_n to_o retire_v over_o the_o sea_n or_o frith_n to_o their_o own_o habitation_n then_o help_v then_o to_o build_v a_o wall_n of_o stone_n across_o the_o land_n for_o a_o bulwark_n against_o any_o future_a eruption_n the_o roman_n at_o their_o departure_n tell_v they_o they_o can_v not_o any_o more_o undertake_v such_o dangerous_a expedition_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o therefore_o admonish_v they_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o like_a man_n vindicate_v their_o country_n their_o wife_n child_n and_o liberty_n
from_o the_o injury_n of_o their_o barbarous_a enemy_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o roman_a legion_n be_v transporteâ—_n into_o gaul_n back_o return_v the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o have_v by_o a_o desperate_a assault_n pass_v the_o wall_n pursue_v the_o britain_n with_o a_o more_o dreadful_a and_o bloody_a slaughter_n than_o former_o the_o britain_n perceive_v their_o condition_n most_o desperate_a once_o more_o send_v their_o miserabâ—â—_n complaint_n to_o ætiâ—s_n in_o these_o tragical_a word_n 〈◊〉_d aetius_n thrice_o consul_n the_o groan_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o baâ—barians_n drive_v we_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o sea_n drive_v we_o bâ—â—â—_n to_o they_o and_o so_o distract_v betwixt_o two_o death_n we_o 〈◊〉_d either_o drown_v or_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n but_o they_o solicit_v to_o no_o purpose_n the_o roman_n have_v already_o bid_v absolute_a farewell_n to_o britain_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v crum_o oppress_v by_o the_o goth_n and_o other_o barbarous_a â—_z be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n possible_a to_o assist_v theâ—_n the_o britain_n therefore_o find_v themselves_o absolute_a forsake_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o conceive_v it_o utter_o impracticable_a to_o drive_v away_o the_o barbarian_n by_o their_o owâ—_n strength_n see_v it_o urgent_o necessary_a to_o call_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o some_o foreign_a nation_n who_o labour_n in_o repel_v their_o enemy_n shall_v be_v grateful_o and_o satisfactory_o reward_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o british_a nation_n be_v at_o this_o time_n so_o weak_a and_o impotent_a and_o so_o manifest_o unable_a to_o withstand_v these_o barbarous_a enemy_n who_o be_v far_o inferior_a as_o to_o extent_n of_o country_n and_o probable_o in_o number_n of_o people_n may_v in_o great_a measure_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o ease_n and_o quietness_n the_o britain_n enjoy_v under_o the_o roman_a government_n for_o whilst_o the_o roman_a legion_n continue_v in_o britain_n they_o ever_o undertake_v the_o security_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o britain_n heretofore_o be_v little_o concern_v at_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o strength_n and_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n insomuch_o that_o within_o a_o while_n they_o fall_v into_o a_o fit_a of_o luxury_n and_o effeminacy_n and_o quick_o forget_v that_o martial_a prowness_n and_o military_a conduct_n which_o their_o ancestor_n so_o famous_o excel_v in_o for_o after_o their_o entire_a subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o opportunity_n to_o experience_n their_o valour_n except_v in_o some_o homebred_a commotion_n excite_v by_o the_o aspire_a ambition_n of_o some_o malcontented_n general_n which_o be_v quick_o compose_v and_o reduce_v to_o nothing_o and_o after_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n grow_v formidable_a and_o dare_v venture_v to_o make_v incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a province_n the_o britain_n be_v the_o least_o concern_v in_o oppose_v they_o leave_v that_o to_o the_o care_n and_o vigilancy_n of_o the_o roman_a garrison_n and_o this_o easiness_n and_o supinity_n of_o the_o britain_n may_v not_o be_v untrue_o attribute_v to_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o roman_a constitution_n for_o when_o the_o britain_n be_v bring_v subject_a to_o the_o empire_n the_o first_o thing_n the_o roman_n effect_v towards_o the_o confirmation_n of_o their_o obedience_n be_v to_o take_v the_o sword_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n they_o be_v sensible_a how_o bold_a and_o valorous_a the_o britain_n natural_o be_v how_o unlike_a to_o submit_v their_o neck_n to_o a_o foreign_a yoke_n and_o therefore_o they_o find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o obtain_v a_o quiet_a possession_n of_o this_o province_n as_o long_o as_o the_o britain_n have_v power_n and_o opportunity_n to_o oppose_v they_o this_o course_n they_o find_v very_o effectual_a and_o when_o they_o have_v once_o lull_v they_o asleep_o they_o be_v not_o over_o solicitous_a to_o rouse_v and_o awaken_v they_o the_o britain_n also_o might_n possible_o be_v too_o much_o take_v with_o this_o sedentary_a and_o unactive_a life_n and_o as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v secure_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n they_o little_o fear_v their_o country_n will_v become_v a_o prey_n to_o any_o barbarous_a nation_n no_o one_o will_v have_v imagine_v that_o that_o glorious_a empire_n will_v be_v so_o soon_o crush_v to_o piece_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v effect_v than_o by_o the_o insupportable_a pressure_n of_o its_o own_o weight_n this_o apprehension_n of_o the_o greatness_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o roman_n make_v the_o britain_n probable_o less_o solicitous_a of_o enable_v themselves_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n not_o think_v they_o will_v ever_o forsake_v and_o relinquish_v the_o province_n of_o britain_n but_o to_o their_o sorrow_n they_o experience_v the_o contrary_a the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n elsewhere_o require_v the_o help_n of_o the_o british_a legion_n so_o that_o they_o be_v leave_v expose_v to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o northern_a invader_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o recover_v any_o power_n or_o conduct_v to_o oppose_v they_o for_o have_v not_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n come_v on_o so_o forcible_o at_o first_o but_o have_v give_v time_n to_o the_o britain_n to_o shake_v off_o that_o lethargy_n they_o have_v for_o many_o year_n be_v bury_v in_o and_o to_o renew_v their_o ancient_a discipline_n and_o vigour_n there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_n see_v they_o will_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v able_a to_o maintain_v their_o ground_n against_o any_o opposition_n and_o likely_a have_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o their_o whole_a country_n to_o this_o time_n but_o next_o to_o the_o decree_n of_o heaven_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n must_v be_v attribute_v to_o its_o too_o much_o luxury_n and_o effeminacy_n and_o to_o the_o universal_a lapse_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n into_o a_o aversion_n of_o a_o military_a action_n and_o martial_a discipline_n for_o though_o a_o continue_a peace_n be_v in_o itself_o desirable_a yet_o oftentimes_o nothing_o tend_v more_o to_o the_o future_a ruin_n and_o downfall_n of_o a_o nation_n for_o peace_n beget_v in_o man_n general_o a_o habit_n of_o looseness_n and_o debauchery_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o many_o notorious_a extravagancy_n and_o vicious_a practice_n which_o weaken_v their_o hand_n and_o cool_v their_o courage_n and_o greatness_n of_o mind_n so_o that_o in_o case_n of_o any_o open_a danger_n they_o be_v uncapable_a to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o unfit_a to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n scarce_o any_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n be_v subvert_v but_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o be_v usher_v in_o by_o these_o mean_n witness_v the_o assyrian_a under_o sardanapalus_n the_o persian_a under_o darius_n and_o the_o egyptian_a under_o cleopatra_n so_o that_o it_o be_v most_o prudent_o urge_v by_o a_o roman_a senator_n that_o carthage_n may_v not_o be_v demolish_v lest_o that_o for_o want_v of_o a_o enemy_n abroad_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n may_v degenerate_v and_o their_o conduct_n be_v forget_v have_v the_o britain_n have_v the_o fortune_n to_o be_v continual_o in_o action_n and_o not_o exchange_v their_o courage_n and_o discipline_n for_o ease_n and_o laziness_n they_o have_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o dread_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n nor_o any_o need_n of_o the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o affair_n then_o require_v it_o and_o help_v must_v be_v have_v or_o else_o their_o country_n must_v unavoidable_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o those_o northern_a invader_n to_o prevent_v therefore_o and_o repel_v their_o violence_n king_n vâ—rtigern_n hold_v a_o council_n of_o his_o great_a man_n and_o noble_n where_o it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v most_o advantageous_a to_o the_o britain_n to_o invite_v the_o saxon_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o their_o aid_n who_o in_o all_o probability_n will_v glad_o embrace_v the_o opportunity_n by_o reason_n that_o their_o own_o country_n be_v grow_v too_o scanty_a for_o their_o superfluous_a number_n this_o message_n of_o the_o britain_n however_o original_o deliver_v be_v by_o a_o ancient_a saxon_a writer_n repeat_v in_o this_o manner_n most_o noble_a saxon_n the_o miserable_a britain_n shatter_v and_o quite_o wear_v out_o by_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o your_o many_o signal_n victory_n have_v send_v we_o to_o you_o humble_o request_v that_o you_o will_v assist_v they_o at_o this_o juncture_n a_o land_n large_a and_o spacious_a abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n they_o give_v up_o entire_o to_o your_o disposal_n hitherto_o we_o have_v live_v happy_o under_o the_o government_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o roman_n next_o to_o the_o roman_n we_o know_v none_o of_o great_a valour_n than_o yourselves_o and_o therefore_o in_o your_o arm_n do_v now_o seek_v refuge_n
let_v but_o that_o courage_n and_o those_o arm_n make_v we_o conqueror_n and_o we_o shall_v refuse_v no_o service_n you_o shall_v please_v to_o impose_v to_o this_o message_n the_o saxon_n return_v this_o short_a answer_n assure_v yourselves_o the_o saxon_n will_v be_v true_a friend_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o as_o such_o shall_v be_v always_o ready_a both_o to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o to_o advance_v their_o interest_n the_o saxon_n be_v thus_o happy_o court_v to_o what_o themselves_o have_v a_o thousand_o time_n wish_v for_o arrive_v soon_o after_o in_o britain_n in_o three_o galley_n call_v in_o their_o own_o language_n kiule_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o brethren_n hengist_n and_o horsa_n be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o affectionate_o treat_v by_o the_o people_n their_o faith_n be_v give_v of_o both_o side_n the_o saxon_n stipulate_v to_o defend_v the_o britain_n country_n and_o the_o britain_n to_o give_v the_o saxon_n a_o satisfactory_a reward_n for_o all_o the_o pain_n and_o danger_n they_o shall_v undergo_v upon_o their_o account_n at_o first_o the_o saxon_n show_v themselves_o very_o diligent_a in_o their_o employment_n and_o successful_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n who_o be_v probable_o ignorant_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o fear_v no_o opposition_n bold_o advance_v to_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n but_o when_o the_o saxon_n become_v better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o island_n and_o happy_o discover_v the_o weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o the_o britain_n under_o pretence_n that_o their_o pay_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o their_o service_n and_o desert_n they_o quarrel_v with_o the_o britain_n and_o instead_o of_o support_v they_o according_a to_o oath_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o their_o enemy_n the_o scot_n moreover_o hengist_n perceive_v with_o who_o he_o have_v to_o do_v send_v over_o to_o acquaint_v his_o countryman_n with_o the_o beauty_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o island_n the_o infirmity_n and_o effeminacy_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n invite_v they_o to_o be_v sharer_n of_o his_o future_a success_n and_o expectation_n to_o his_o invitation_n they_o ready_o comply_v and_o sail_v over_o in_o great_a number_n they_o think_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o country_n which_o fortune_n promise_v shall_v be_v their_o own_o but_o they_o must_v fight_v for_o it_o first_o the_o britain_n be_v resolve_v to_o the_o last_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n against_o these_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o drive_v they_o to_o their_o primitive_a habitation_n for_o when_o the_o britain_n become_v sensible_a of_o the_o undermine_a aim_n of_o the_o saxon_n how_o they_o secret_o endeavour_v the_o total_a extirpation_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n they_o present_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v signal_o famous_a for_o their_o valour_n and_o conduct_n this_o the_o saxon_n afterward_o grievous_o feel_v though_o the_o total_a recovery_n of_o britain_n prove_v impracticable_a for_o want_v of_o power_n the_o saxon_n have_v by_o massacre_n and_o other_o treacherous_a mean_n most_o unmerciful_o lessen_v the_o force_n and_o number_n of_o the_o britain_n king_n vortigern_n love_v his_o ease_n too_o well_o to_o observe_v their_o practice_n and_o beside_o become_v so_o foolish_o enamour_a with_o the_o daughter_n of_o hengist_n which_o purposely_o be_v lay_v to_o entrap_v he_o that_o the_o saxon_a upon_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o marriage_n begin_v to_o carve_v for_o himself_o and_o during_o vortigern_n reign_n lay_v so_o firm_a a_o foundation_n for_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n that_o the_o succeed_a british_a king_n though_o famous_o valiant_a can_v never_o undermine_v it_o this_o sottishness_n of_o his_o father_n young_a vortimer_n can_v not_o at_o length_n endure_v to_o see_v himself_o and_o his_o country_n so_o open_o and_o shameful_o impose_v upon_o by_o stranger_n and_o therefore_o he_o resolve_v to_o take_v the_o british_a government_n upon_o himself_o and_o to_o endeavour_v the_o universal_a expulsion_n of_o the_o saxon_n with_o he_o the_o british_a nobility_n willing_o join_v and_o after_o several_a famous_a victory_n over_o the_o saxon_n he_o be_v unhappy_o poison_v by_o a_o saxon_a lady_n after_o he_o the_o britain_n brave_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o prevail_a greatness_n of_o the_o saxon_n under_o these_o valiant_a prince_n aurelius_n ambrose_n uter_n pendragon_n arthur_n constantine_n ii_o aurelius_n conanus_fw-la vortiper_n and_o maelgon_n to_o he_o succeed_v careticus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n the_o saxon_n aspire_v to_o a_o total_a conquest_n of_o britain_n invite_v over_o one_o gurmundus_fw-la a_o norwegian_a pirate_n who_o have_v late_o signalise_v himself_o in_o ireland_n and_o obtain_v a_o conquest_n over_o that_o kingdom_n he_o they_o employ_v to_o march_v against_o careticus_fw-la who_o be_v overcome_v and_o vanquish_v by_o he_o the_o britain_n be_v force_v some_o to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o dee_n some_o to_o cornwall_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n the_o british_a affair_n be_v now_o bring_v very_o low_a and_o their_o government_n reduce_v within_o a_o very_a narrow_a compass_n so_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n can_v be_v but_o superficial_o attribute_v to_o the_o succeed_a prince_n cadwan_n cadwallan_n and_o cadwallader_n cadwallader_n cadwallader_n surname_v bbendige_v or_o the_o bless_a be_v the_o last_o of_o british_a race_n that_o enjoy_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o britain_n after_o he_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v the_o most_o numerous_a remain_v of_o the_o britain_n disdain_v to_o own_o any_o subjection_n to_o the_o oppress_a saxon_n set_v up_o a_o new_a government_n among_o themselves_o and_o alter_v the_o style_n of_o british_a king_n to_o that_o of_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o whilst_o cadwallader_n rule_v in_o britain_n a_o very_a severe_a famine_n attend_v with_o a_o rage_a pestilence_n which_o assure_o spring_v from_o the_o continue_a war_n which_o be_v so_o eager_o carry_v on_o betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n happen_v in_o the_o island_n which_o occasion_v a_o most_o lamentable_a mortality_n among_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v compel_v together_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o other_o to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o his_o cousin_n alan_n king_n of_o lhydaw_n or_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n there_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o all_o civility_n suitable_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o condition_n as_o well_o because_o of_o his_o own_o near_a relation_n and_o consanguinity_n to_o alan_n as_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o their_o subject_n be_v original_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n for_o the_o britain_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 384._o go_v over_o out_o of_o this_o island_n under_o the_o command_n of_o conan_n lord_n of_o meriadoc_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n against_o the_o emperor_n gratianus_n for_o this_o service_n maximus_n grant_v to_o conan_n and_o his_o follower_n the_o country_n of_o armorica_n where_o the_o britain_n have_v drive_v out_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n seat_v themselves_o and_o erect_v a_o kingdom_n which_o last_v for_o many_o year_n under_o several_a king_n who_o name_n and_o succession_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o armorican_a king_n 1._o conan_n meriadoc_n 2._o gradlonus_fw-la 3._o solomon_n i._n 4._o auldranus_fw-la 5._o bâ—â—â—ous_a i._n 6._o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la magnus_fw-la 7._o howâ—lus_n ii_o 8._o alâ—mâ—_n i._n 9_o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la iii_o â—0_n cilâ—uâ—llus_n â—1_n solomon_n ii_o â—2_n alanâ—â—_n ii_o 13._o conobertus_fw-la 14._o budicus_n ii_o 15._o theodoricus_n 16._o rubalhonus_n 17._o daniel_n dremrost_n i._n e._n rubicunda_fw-la fancy_n 18._o aregstanus_fw-la 19_o maconus_n 20._o neomenius_n 21._o haruspogius_fw-la 22._o solomon_n iii_o alan_n ii_o then_o reign_v in_o little_a britain_n when_o cadâ—alader_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—nd_v to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v descend_v â—â—om_n ruâ—â—_n the_o son_n of_o mailgon_n gwyneth_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o a_o daughter_n marry_v to_o howel_n the_o second_o king_n of_o little_a britain_n this_o kingdom_n remain_v â—â—rm_n till_o solomon_n iii_o who_o be_v treacherous_o slay_v â—y_a his_o own_o subject_n upon_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n â—he_v kingdom_n be_v convert_v to_o a_o earldom_n whereof_o â—ne_a alan_n be_v the_o first_o a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a prince_n who_o stout_o resist_v the_o norman_n and_o frequent_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v they_o but_o after_o that_o cadwallader_n have_v continue_v some_o time_n with_o alan_n the_o plague_n be_v abate_v in_o britain_n he_o purpose_v to_o return_v and_o if_o possible_a to_o recover_v that_o â—art_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o the_o saxon_n be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o he_o receive_v frequent_a intelligence_n of_o â—heir_a number_n and_o
chad_n stand_v he_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n and_o a_o favourer_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n who_o part_n he_o take_v against_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v set_v on_o by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n to_o prosecute_v they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n because_o they_o will_v not_o forsake_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o church_n and_o conform_v to_o those_o of_o rome_n merfyn_n frych_n and_o esylht_n conan_n be_v dead_a merfyn_n frych_n and_o his_o wife_n esylht_n who_o be_v sole_a heir_n to_o conan_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n or_o principality_n of_o wales_n this_o merfyn_n be_v king_n of_o man_n and_o son_n to_o gwyriat_n and_o nest_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadelh_n ap_fw-mi brochwel_fw-mi ap_fw-mi elis_n king_n of_o powy_n howel_n be_v forcible_o eject_v out_o of_o anglesey_n by_o his_o brother_n conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o escape_v to_o the_o island_n of_o man_n be_v honourable_o and_o kind_o receive_v by_o merfyn_n in_o return_n of_o who_o civility_n howel_n use_v such_o mean_n afterward_o that_o merfyn_n marry_v esylht_v the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n though_o other_o say_v that_o he_o die_v present_o after_o his_o escape_n to_o merfyn_n howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v for_o about_o five_o year_n enjoy_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o other_o land_n in_o the_o north_n give_v he_o by_o merfyn_n to_o hold_v under_o he_o dye_v about_o the_o year_n 825_o after_o who_o death_n they_o again_o return_v to_o merfyn_n who_o ancestor_n have_v always_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o so_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o esylht_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o reign_n egbert_n the_o powerful_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n enter_v with_o a_o mighty_a army_n into_o wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n hill_n and_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o rhyvoniec_n in_o denbighland_n about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o very_a sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o anglesey_n between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o welsh_a call_v from_o the_o place_n where_o this_o fight_n happen_v the_o battle_n of_o lhanvaes_n a.d._n 819_o fortune_n seem_v all_o this_o while_n to_o frown_v upon_o the_o welsh_a and_o their_o affair_n succeed_v very_o ill_a for_o short_o after_o that_o egbert_n have_v advance_v his_o colour_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n kenulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o west_n wales_n overran_a and_o destroy_a â—owis-land_n and_o great_o disturb_v and_o incommoded_a â—he_n welch_n nation_n soon_o after_o this_o kenulph_n die_v â—nd_n be_v succeed_v by_o kenelm_n and_o he_o in_o a_o short_a â—â—me_n by_o ceolwulph_n who_o after_o two_o year_n reign_n leave_v â—he_v kingdom_n of_o mercia_n to_o bernulph_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n be_v grow_v very_o strong_a and_o powerful_a able_a to_o reduce_v all_o the_o petty_a kingdom_n in_o britain_n under_o one_o single_a monarchy_n upon_o â—he_n thought_n of_o which_o he_o set_v upon_o bernulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n and_o vanquish_v he_o at_o elledowne_n and_o afterward_o bring_v under_o subjection_n the_o country_n of_o kent_n and_o of_o the_o west_n angle_n but_o the_o britain_n can_v â—ot_n be_v so_o easy_o subdue_v for_o after_o a_o long_a and_o a_o cruel_a â—ight_n at_o gavelford_n between_o they_o and_o the_o west_n saxon_n of_o devonshire_n in_o which_o several_a thousand_o be_v â—â—ain_o on_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n remain_v uncertain_a he_o have_v better_a success_n against_o wyhtlafe_a king_n of_o mercia_n a.d._n 829_o who_o dominion_n he_o easy_o add_v to_o his_o now_o increase_a monarchy_n and_o pass_v humber_n he_o quick_o â—educed_v that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n be_v now_o become_v one_o kingdom_n and_o egâ—ert_v sole_a monarch_n of_o all_o the_o country_n that_o the_o saxonsâ—ossessed_v â—ossessed_z in_o britain_n which_o name_n he_o order_v shall_v â—e_v change_v to_o england_n his_o people_n to_o be_v call_v enâ—lishmen_n and_o the_o language_n english_a they_o who_o come_v over_o out_o of_o germany_n into_o this_o â—sland_n to_o aid_v the_o britain_n against_o their_o enemy_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n be_v partly_o saxon_n angles_n and_o outhe_n from_o the_o first_o of_o which_o come_v the_o people_n of_o essex_n suffex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o westsaxons_a from_o â—he_n angle_n the_o east_n angle_n the_o mercian_n and_o they_o â—hat_n inhabit_v the_o north_n side_n of_o humber_n from_o the_o juthe_n the_o kentishman_n and_o they_o that_o settle_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n these_o german_n after_o that_o they_o have_v drive_v â—he_n britain_n beyond_o severn_n and_o dee_n erect_v seven_o kingdom_n call_v the_o heptarchy_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o â—he_n island_n whereof_o 1._o kent_n 2._o of_o the_o south-saxons_a contain_v sussex_n and_o surrey_n 3._o the_o east-angle_n in_o norfolk_n suffolk_n and_o cambridgshire_n 4._o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a comprehend_v berkshire_n devonshire_n somersetshire_n and_o cornwall_n 5._o mercia_n contain_v gloucester_n hereford_n worcester_z shropshire_n stafford_n cheshire_n warwick_n leicester_n derby_n nottingham_n lincoln_n northampton_n oxford_n buckingham_z bedford_z and_o half_a hartfordshire_n 6_o the_o east-saxons_a contain_v essex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o hartford_n 7._o of_o the_o northumbrian_n take_v in_o all_o the_o country_n beyond_o hamber_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n deyra_n and_o bernicia_n the_o first_o from_o humber_n to_o tyne_n the_o other_o from_o tyne_n to_o the_o scottish_a sea_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v several_o conquer_v these_o kingdom_n annex_v they_o together_o and_o comprehend_v they_o under_o one_o monarchy_n which_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 96â—_n year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o brute_n to_o this_o island_n 383_o year_n after_o the_o land_n of_o hengist_n and_o 149_o after_o the_o departure_n of_o cadwallader_n to_o rome_n egbert_n have_v thus_o unite_v under_o one_o government_n these_o several_a kingdom_n which_o use_v continual_o molest_v and_o to_o encroach_v upon_o each_o other_o territory_n may_v reasonable_o have_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v his_o neâ—â—_n a.d._n 883_o kingdom_n quiet_o and_o not_o fear_v any_o disturbance_n oâ—_n trouble_v in_o his_o dominion_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v hâ—_n establish_v king_n of_o england_n but_o the_o dane_n begin_v 〈◊〉_d threaten_v new_a commotion_n and_o land_v in_o great_a number_n and_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n egberâ—_n fight_v several_a battle_n with_o they_o and_o with_o varioâ—â—_n success_n at_o length_n the_o dane_n land_v in_o west-wales_n march_v forward_o for_o england_n be_v join_v by_o a_o greaâ—_n number_n of_o welch_n and_o meet_v egbert_n upon_o hengist_n doâ—â—_n where_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o dane_n pâ—â—_n to_o a_o total_a rout_n the_o welsh_a suffer_v severe_o fâ—â—_n this_o egbert_n be_v high_o incense_v that_o the_o danâ—â—_n be_v support_v by_o they_o lay_v siege_n to_o caer_n lheon_n 〈◊〉_d dhyfrdwy_n or_o chester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o venedotiâ—â—_n which_o hitherto_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n and_z among_o other_o tokeâ—_n of_o his_o indignation_n he_o cause_v the_o brazen_a effigy_n oâ—_n cadwalhon_n king_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v pull_v down_o and_o deface_v and_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n forbid_v the_o erect_v 〈◊〉_d such_o again_o he_o issue_v out_o also_o a_o proclamation_n by_o thâ—_n instigation_n of_o his_o wife_n redburga_n who_o always_o bear_v a_o inveterate_a malice_n to_o the_o welsh_a command_v all_o that_o â—ere_z any_o way_n extract_v from_o british_a blood_n to_o deâ—art_v with_o all_o their_o effect_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n within_o â—â—x_n month_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n these_o be_v very_o â—â—vere_a and_o insupportable_a term_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v â—ong_a to_o see_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o die_v short_o â—fter_o the_o battle_n of_o hengestdown_n he_o be_v succeed_v by_o â—on_n ethelwulph_n this_o king_n ethelwulph_n marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o berthr_v who_o be_v his_o tributary_n king_n of_o mercia_n by_o who_o help_n he_o successful_o oppose_v the_o â—ruel_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o miserable_o destroy_v the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n with_o fire_n and_o 〈◊〉_d these_o danish_a commotion_n be_v indifferent_o well_o appease_v berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n set_v â—pon_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o remarkable_a battle_n â—as_v seek_v at_o a_o place_n call_v kettell_n where_o merfyn_n â—rych_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v kill_v leave_v to_o â—â—cceed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n his_o son_n roâ—eric_a mawr_z or_o the_o great_a roderic_n the_o great_a merfyn_n frych_n have_v lose_v his_o life_n and_o with_o it_o his_o a.d._n 843_o kingdom_n in_o
interdict_v and_o forbid_v to_o enter_v any_o man_n house_n or_o to_o compose_v any_o song_n of_o any_o one_o without_o the_o special_a leave_n and_o warrant_v of_o the_o party_n concern_v with_o many_o other_o ordinance_n relate_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n owen_n gwynedh_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n his_o elder_a son_n owen_n surname_v gwynedh_n succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o north_n wales_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v enter_v upon_o the_o government_n but_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-wales_n and_o have_v demolish_v and_o overthrow_v the_o castle_n of_o stradmeyric_n stephan_n and_o humffreys_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o town_n of_o caermardhyn_n he_o return_v home_o with_o no_o less_o honour_n than_o booty_n and_o plunder_n about_o the_o same_o time_n john_n archdeacon_n of_o lhanbaran_n depart_v this_o life_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a piety_n and_o strictness_n of_o life_n who_o for_o his_o rigid_a zeal_n in_o religion_n and_o virtue_n be_v think_v worthy_a to_o be_v canonize_v and_o to_o be_v count_v among_o the_o number_n of_o the_o saint_n this_o year_n likewise_o king_n stephen_n pass_v over_o to_o normandy_n and_o have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n return_v back_o to_o england_n without_o any_o further_a delay_n but_o the_o follow_a spring_n give_v opportunity_n for_o great_a undertake_n david_n king_n of_o scot_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n go_v to_o france_n last_o summer_n have_v enter_v the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o continue_v to_o make_v considerable_a waste_v and_o havoc_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n whereupon_o king_n stephen_n to_o rid_v his_o country_n and_o his_o subject_n from_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n march_v with_o a_o army_n towards_o the_o north_n who_o come_v the_o king_n of_o scot_n hear_v of_o he_o relinquish_v the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o retire_v to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o that_o will_v not_o satisfy_v king_n stephen_n who_o desire_v to_o be_v further_o revenge_v for_o the_o unpardonable_a hostility_n commit_v by_o the_o scot_n in_o his_o country_n and_o therefore_o pursue_v the_o scot_n to_o their_o own_o country_n he_o harassed_a and_o lay_v waist_n all_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n but_o the_o king_n absence_n animate_v several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n to_o rebel_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o fortify_v every_o one_o their_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_v william_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n those_o of_o leeds_n and_o bristol_n ralph_n lunel_n cariola_n william_n fitzallen_n shrewsbury_n paganellus_n ludlow_n william_n the_o moyun_n dunester_n robert_n the_o nichol_n warham_n eustace_n fitz-john_n merton_n and_o walklyn_n dover_n but_o for_o all_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n the_o king_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v master_n of_o they_o all_o some_o he_o win_v by_o assault_n other_o upon_o fair_a promise_n and_o advantageous_a condition_n be_v surrender_v up_o and_o some_o he_o get_v by_o treacherous_a and_o underhand_o contrivance_n the_o scot_n think_v to_o make_v good_a advantage_n of_o these_o commotion_n in_o england_n and_o thereupon_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v that_o some_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n be_v in_o actual_a rebellion_n against_o the_o king_n they_o enter_v into_o the_o border_n and_o begin_v as_o they_o think_v without_o any_o apprehension_n of_o opposition_n to_o ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o country_n before_o '_o they_o but_o william_n earl_n of_o albemarle_n william_n pyppell_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n walter_n espec_n and_o gilbert_n lacie_n gather_v together_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v in_o the_o north_n and_o be_v animate_v and_o encourage_v by_o the_o eloquent_a and_o press_a oration_n of_o ralph_n bishop_n of_o orkneys_n which_o he_o deliver_v in_o the_o audience_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n they_o set_v upon_o the_o scot_n at_o almerton_n with_o such_o unanimous_a courage_n that_o after_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n of_o his_o man_n king_n david_n be_v glad_a to_o escape_v with_o his_o life_n by_o flight_n after_o this_o king_n stephen_n seize_v to_o his_o own_o use_n the_o castle_n of_o ludlow_n and_o leeds_n and_o press_v the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o lincoln_n so_o hard_o that_o to_o prevent_v their_o perish_v by_o famine_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o surrender_v the_o former_a the_o castle_n of_o vise_n and_o shirburn_n the_o latter_a those_o of_o newark_n upon_o trent_n and_o sleeford_n this_o do_v not_o a_o little_a augment_v the_o king_n strength_n against_o the_o ensue_a storm_n for_o in_o the_o summer_n this_o year_n maud_n the_o empress_n daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o king_n henry_n to_o who_o king_n stephen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n have_v swear_v allegiance_n land_v at_o arundel_n with_o her_o brother_n robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o be_v there_o honourable_o receive_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr albineto_n who_o be_v late_o marry_v to_o queen_n adeliz_n king_n henry_n widow_n with_o who_o he_o receive_v the_o earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o dowry_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o king_n stephen_n hear_v of_o her_o land_n he_o march_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n to_o arundel_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o find_v it_o upon_o trial_n impregnable_a he_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v suffer_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n to_o escape_v to_o bristol_n a.d._n 1138_o the_o next_o year_n a_o unlucky_a accident_n fall_v out_o in_o wales_n cynric_n one_o of_o prince_n owen_n son_n have_v by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o disgu_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n a_o person_n of_o considerable_a esteem_n and_o estate_n in_o the_o country_n be_v with_o his_o connivance_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v by_o his_o men._n but_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n this_o year_n afford_v great_a rarity_n of_o action_n king_n stephen_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o which_o ranulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n march_v with_o their_o force_n but_o before_o they_o can_v arrive_v the_o town_n be_v take_v whereupon_o they_o draw_v up_o their_o force_n in_o order_n to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n who_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o receive_v they_o king_n stephen_n draw_v up_o his_o force_n in_o three_o battle_n the_o first_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n mellent_a norfolk_n hampton_n and_o warren_n the_o second_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o albemarle_n and_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o the_o three_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o assist_v by_o baldwyn_n fitz-gilbert_n with_o several_a other_o of_o his_o nobility_n of_o the_o enemy_n side_n the_o disinherited_a baron_n have_v the_o first_o place_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n with_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o welshman_n far_o better_o courage_v than_o arm_v lead_v the_o second_o and_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o three_o battle_n after_o a_o hot_a and_o bloody_a dispute_n of_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n at_o length_n favour_v the_o baron_n king_n stephen_n be_v first_o take_v prisoner_n and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o queen_n together_o with_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o bryan_n fitz-count_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o william_n martell_n and_o geffrey_n de_fw-fr mandeville_n gather_v together_o some_o fresh_a force_n and_o fight_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n at_o winchester_n and_o have_v put_v the_o empress_n to_o flight_n take_v earl_n robert_n prisoner_n for_o exchange_v of_o who_o the_o king_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o next_o year_n king_n stephen_n will_v a.d._n 1139_o try_v the_o other_o adventure_n and_o receive_v a_o second_o overthrow_n at_o wilton_n which_o however_o do_v not_o so_o much_o discourage_v he_o but_o that_o he_o lay_v so_o close_a a_o siege_n to_o the_o empress_n at_o oxford_n that_o she_o be_v glad_a to_o make_v she_o escape_v to_o wallingford_n the_o same_o year_n die_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n a_o person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o note_n in_o wales_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n a_o man_n of_o no_o mean_a esteem_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n for_o the_o two_o succeed_a year_n nothing_o remarkable_a a.d._n 1140_o pass_v in_o wales_n except_v that_o this_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n of_o cantref_n rychan_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi howel_n be_v cowardly_o slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n and_o perfidious_a practice_n of_o the_o fleming_n and_o the_o next_o a.d._n 1141_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n be_v base_o murder_v by_o his_o own_o man_n at_o which_o time_n howel_n and_o cadwgan_n the_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n upon_o some_o unhappy_a quarrel_n do_v kill_v
for_o to_o charge_v any_o one_o with_o insincerity_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o it_o be_v the_o common_a vogue_n and_o sentiment_n of_o the_o world_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n a_o great_a argument_n of_o partiality_n and_o prejudice_n than_o of_o solid_a and_o judicious_a reason_v now_o the_o great_a reason_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o why_o the_o british_a history_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o invention_n of_o geoffrey_n be_v that_o almost_o upon_o its_o first_o appearance_n in_o the_o world_n william_n of_o newborough_n and_o geraldus_fw-la cambrensis_fw-la exclaim_v against_o it_o and_o seem_v to_o lay_v the_o whole_a imposture_n to_o the_o charge_n of_o geoffrey_n the_o word_n of_o newborough_n be_v these_o at_o contra_fw-la quidem_fw-la speak_v before_o of_o gildas_n nostris_fw-la temporibus_fw-la pro_fw-la expiandis_fw-la his_fw-la britonum_fw-la maculis_fw-la scriptor_n emersit_fw-la ridicula_fw-la de_fw-la iisdem_fw-la figmenta_fw-la contexens_fw-la eosque_fw-la longè_fw-la supra_fw-la virtutem_fw-la macedonum_fw-la &_o romanorum_fw-la impudenti_fw-la vanitate_fw-la attollens_fw-la gaufridus_n hic_fw-la dictus_fw-la est_fw-la agnomen_fw-la habens_fw-la arturi_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la fabulas_fw-la de_fw-la arturo_n ex_fw-la priscis_fw-la britonum_fw-la figmentis_fw-la sumptas_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la proprio_fw-la auctas_fw-la per_fw-la superductum_fw-la latini_n sermonis_fw-la colorem_fw-la honesto_fw-la historiae_fw-la nomine_fw-la palliavit_fw-la qui_fw-la etiam_fw-la majori_fw-la ausu_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la merlini_n divinationes_fw-la fallacissimas_fw-la quibus_fw-la utique_fw-la de_fw-la proprio_fw-la plurimum_fw-la adjecit_fw-la dum_fw-la eas_fw-la in_o latinum_fw-la transfunderet_fw-la tanquam_fw-la authenicas_fw-la &_o immobili_fw-la veritate_fw-la subnixas_fw-la prophetias_fw-la vulgavit_fw-la from_o this_o passage_n it_o be_v apprehend_v that_o newborough_n think_v that_o the_o british_a history_n be_v sole_o owe_v to_o the_o contrivance_n and_o invention_n of_o geoffrey_n whereas_o nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o only_a thing_n he_o lay_v to_o geoffrey_n charge_n be_v that_o he_o augment_v and_o of_o his_o own_o head_n make_v addition_n to_o the_o copy_n he_o receive_v and_o see_v that_o newborough_n express_o mention_n geoffrey_n translate_n into_o latin_a some_o ancient_a figment_n of_o the_o britain_n concern_v king_n arthur_n and_o unwarrantable_o add_v to_o the_o same_o it_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a that_o be_v never_o take_v geoffrey_n to_o be_v the_o contriver_n of_o the_o whole_a of_o what_o he_o publish_v otherwise_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o such_o a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o that_o history_n will_v conceal_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v derogate_v from_o the_o truth_n and_o authority_n of_o it_o beside_o newborough_n throughout_o his_o whole_a preface_n wherein_o be_v endeavour_n to_o invallidate_n and_o render_v the_o british_a history_n fabulous_a chief_o insist_o upon_o the_o life_n of_o king_n arthur_n and_o the_o prophecy_n of_o merlin_n not_o a_o word_n of_o brutus_n and_o his_o trojan_n which_o tho'_o â—ince_n account_v as_o notorious_a a_o piece_n of_o romance_n â—â—s_o any_o at_o all_o it_o seem_v he_o have_v faith_n to_o swallow_v indeed_o the_o passage_n in_o king_n arthur_n life_n and_o â—he_v prophecy_n of_o merlin_n tend_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v too_o great_a and_o extravagant_a â—o_o be_v credit_v by_o he_o who_o by_o his_o character_n of_o â—hem_n seem_v to_o have_v bear_v but_o very_o slender_a affection_n towards_o the_o welsh_a by_o reason_n that_o they_o derogated_a much_o from_o the_o fame_n and_o valour_n of_o â—he_n saxon_n so_o that_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o the_o odium_n which_o newborough_n bear_v to_o geoffreyâ—nd_v â—nd_z his_o history_n depend_v more_o upon_o national_a honour_n and_o reputation_n than_o the_o truth_n and_o sincerity_n of_o history_n for_o sure_o he_o can_v never_o be_v 〈◊〉_d warm_o exasperate_v against_o a_o fabulous_a history_n â—ad_n he_o but_o the_o candour_n to_o consult_v his_o own_o unless_o here_o have_v be_v some_o other_o motive_n to_o raise_v and_o foâ—ent_v his_o passion_n as_o to_o the_o scurrilous_a language_n â—e_n cast_v upon_o the_o british_a history_n and_o his_o unmannerly_a treatment_n of_o the_o translator_n he_o therein_o â—xpresses_v his_o ignorance_n and_o malice_n rather_o than_o â—ny_v love_n and_o regard_v to_o truth_n and_o ingenuity_n â—or_a who_o but_o a_o ignorant_a and_o a_o unskilful_a preâ—â—nder_n will_v confident_o assert_v the_o britain_n never_n use_v any_o metropolitan_o or_o archbishop_n and_o will_v â—â—oduce_v this_o as_o a_o invincible_a argument_n for_o the_o falsity_n of_o the_o british_a history_n whereas_o it_o be_v notorious_o manifest_a that_o the_o britain_n have_v their_o archbishop_n long_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o augustine_n the_o monk_n who_o newborough_n pretend_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o who_o undergo_v that_o dignity_n in_o this_o island_n but_o as_o his_o argument_n against_o geoffrey_n history_n be_v weak_a and_o invalid_a and_o his_o whole_a preface_n more_o a_o invective_n than_o a_o confutation_n so_o his_o credit_n shall_v be_v reject_v and_o undervalue_v for_o charge_v another_o history_n with_o falsehood_n when_o his_o own_o seem_v whole_o interweave_v with_o ridiculous_a legend_n and_o monkish_a fiction_n but_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o newborough_n dislike_n of_o the_o british_a history_n what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v conclude_v from_o the_o above_o quote_v passage_n more_o than_o that_o geoffrey_n make_v addition_n to_o the_o british_a copy_n be_v receive_v of_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o oxford_n and_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o may_v easy_o and_o safe_o be_v grant_v for_o the_o life_n of_o king_n arthur_n and_o the_o prophecy_n of_o merlin_n the_o main_a subject_n of_o newborough_n discontent_n may_v probable_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o history_n by_o geoffrey_n at_o least_o they_o be_v augment_v and_o several_a tradition_n be_v add_v by_o he_o bale_n assure_v we_o that_o he_o write_v the_o life_n of_o king_n arthur_n in_o a_o distinct_a treatise_n and_o himself_o own_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o four_o book_n which_o comprehend_v the_o prophecy_n of_o merlin_n that_o upon_o the_o request_n of_o alexander_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n he_o have_v translate_v merlyn_n prophecy_n out_o of_o british_a into_o latin_a before_o the_o british_a copy_n come_v to_o his_o hand_n now_o when_o geoffrey_n have_v receive_v the_o manuscript_n from_o the_o archdeacon_n and_o be_v engage_v in_o translate_n it_o into_o latin_a it_o be_v no_o strange_a matter_n to_o imagine_v that_o as_o occasion_v require_v he_o may_v amplify_v and_o add_v to_o it_o out_o of_o his_o former_a tract_n fâ—â—_v it_o be_v obvious_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o several_a thing_n concern_v arthur_n and_o merlin_n may_v be_v preserueâ—_n in_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n which_o be_v long_o ago_o obsolete_a among_o the_o britain_n of_o armorica_n from_o whence_o the_o british_a copy_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v bring_v over_o but_o suppose_v that_o newborough_n have_v attribute_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o british_a history_n to_o geoffrey_n which_o be_v evident_a he_o do_v not_o his_o authority_n can_v balance_v with_o far_o more_o authentic_a historian_n such_o as_o h._n huntingdon_n r._n hovedon_n matthew_n of_o westminster_n and_o other_o but_o more_o particular_o matthew_z paris_n who_o in_o express_a term_n call_v geoffrey_n 1151._o ad_fw-la ann._n 1151._o the_o faithful_a translator_n of_o the_o british_a history_n and_o see_v then_o that_o it_o be_v in_o those_o time_n apprehend_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a manuscript_n and_o none_o of_o geoffrey_n contrivance_n when_o the_o cheat_n may_v he_o best_o discover_v and_o there_o want_v not_o good_a inclination_n to_o detect_v so_o notorious_a a_o forgery_n how_o in_o these_o latter_a time_n it_o can_v be_v so_o lucky_o find_v out_o that_o geoffrey_n be_v the_o sole_a inventor_n and_o composer_n of_o the_o history_n i_o can_v possible_o divine_v the_o other_o reason_n 7._o camb._n descript_n cap._n 7._o why_o geoffrey_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o british_a history_n be_v ground_v upon_o a_o passage_n in_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o speak_v of_o the_o etymology_n of_o wales_n reject_v the_o denomination_n of_o it_o from_o either_o duke_n wallo_n or_o queen_n wendolen_n sicut_fw-la fabulosa_fw-la galfredi_n arturi_fw-la mentitur_fw-la historia_fw-la now_o this_o be_v think_v a_o invincible_a argument_n against_o geoffrey_n and_o a_o palpable_a detection_n of_o his_o insincerity_n since_o giraldus_n his_o own_o countryman_n strike_v at_o he_o and_o accuse_v he_o of_o forgery_n whereas_o upon_o nice_a examination_n we_o may_v easy_o discover_v how_o that_o giraldus_n quarrel_v only_o with_o the_o history_n which_o geoffrey_n publish_v and_o which_o upon_o that_o account_n bear_v his_o name_n for_o have_v giraldus_n though_o it_o to_o be_v only_o a_o contrivance_n of_o geoffrey_n have_v he_o suspect_v that_o geoffrey_n false_o pretend_v to_o have_v receive_v a_o ancient_a british_a manuscript_n and_o by_o
irish_a do_v not_o primary_o derive_v their_o character_n from_o the_o britain_n for_o though_o the_o british_a language_n â—he_v now_o write_v in_o a_o different_a character_n from_o the_o irish_a and_o saxon_a yet_o upon_o ancient_a british_a monument_n and_o inscription_n most_o of_o the_o saxon_a letter_n different_a from_o the_o present_a roman_a alphabet_n be_v plain_o to_o be_v see_v nor_o be_v this_o character_n original_o british_n the_o same_o be_v use_v in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n 345._o de_fw-fr re_fw-mi diplo_fw-mi p._n 345._o if_o we_o can_v lay_v any_o stress_n on_o julius_n cesar_n will_n and_o testament_n represent_v by_o mabillon_n but_o far_a yet_o if_o the_o irish_a character_n be_v original_o saxon_n the_o saxon_n must_v either_o bring_v it_o along_o with_o they_o from_o germany_n or_o else_o they_o must_v have_v invent_v it_o after_o their_o arrival_n and_o settlement_n in_o britain_n if_o the_o first_o it_o may_v seem_v wonderful_a how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v quite_o lose_v and_o forget_v in_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n unlese_v we_o can_v suppose_v that_o it_o be_v limit_v only_o to_o the_o saxon_n and_o that_o they_o to_o a_o man_n come_v and_o settle_v in_o this_o island_n for_o no_o body_n can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o not_o only_o the_o german_n but_o the_o swede_n and_o dane_n too_o use_v the_o latin_a character_n which_o if_o we_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v but_o late_o borrow_v yet_o in_o all_o probability_n their_o former_a letter_n be_v gothick_n or_o runick_n to_o which_o the_o saxon_a bear_v no_o great_a resemblance_n but_o if_o â—t_a be_v say_v that_o the_o saxon_n invent_v this_o character_n after_o their_o come_n to_o britain_n i_o can_v well_o conceive_v why_o they_o shall_v put_v themselves_o to_o such_o unnecessary_a trouble_n when_o with_o far_o great_a ease_n and_o facility_n they_o may_v copy_v and_o borrow_v from_o the_o britain_n unless_o the_o odium_fw-la betwixt_o both_o nation_n make_v they_o scorn_v to_o ape_n and_o imitate_v a_o enemy_n but_o be_v it_o so_o that_o the_o saxon_n invent_v this_o character_n in_o britain_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o they_o have_v no_o letter_n nor_o learning_n before_o they_o come_v over_o and_o consequent_o that_o these_o author_n which_o bede_n mention_n to_o have_v transcribe_v out_o of_o can_v not_o be_v saxon_n as_o to_o the_o civil_a part_n of_o the_o british_a history_n that_o the_o transaction_n of_o state_n be_v record_v and_o that_o copy_n thereof_o come_v to_o the_o hand_n of_o posterity_n we_o have_v the_o express_a testimony_n of_o nennius_n who_o flourish_v about_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o gildas_n for_o in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o history_n of_o the_o britain_n he_o open_o declare_v that_o he_o compose_v his_o history_n partim_fw-la majorum_fw-la traditionibus_fw-la partim_fw-la scriptis_fw-la partim_fw-la etiam_fw-la monumentis_fw-la veterum_fw-la britanniae_fw-la incolarum_fw-la here_o nennius_n say_v that_o he_o partly_o extract_v his_o history_n out_o of_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n and_o what_o can_v these_o write_n be_v certain_o they_o be_v not_o the_o work_v of_o gildas_n the_o only_a british_a author_n we_o read_v of_o before_o nennius_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o history_n of_o nennius_n be_v much_o large_a and_o far_o more_o complete_a than_o that_o of_o gildas_n this_o latter_a beside_o the_o name_n of_o a_o few_o british_a king_n have_v leave_v nothing_o historical_a to_o posteritty_a the_o main_a it_o seem_v of_o his_o design_n be_v to_o rail_v and_o to_o inveigh_v against_o his_o country_n to_o which_o he_o have_v take_v some_o displeasure_n from_o whence_o then_o else_o can_v nennius_n extract_v the_o material_n of_o his_o history_n why_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o from_o some_o british_a record_n which_o possible_o may_v be_v recover_v since_o the_o time_n of_o gildas_n and_o if_o then_o why_o may_v not_o more_o be_v discover_v since_o nennius_n and_o that_o deliver_v to_o geoffrey_n by_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o oxon_n be_v one_o but_o beside_o that_o the_o britain_n keep_v memorial_n of_o their_o transaction_n we_o may_v rational_o gather_v from_o the_o constitution_n and_o profession_n of_o the_o bard_n diodorus_n siculus_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o bard_n sing_v to_o a_o instrument_n like_o a_o harp_n repeat_v the_o praise_n and_o commendation_n of_o some_o the_o fault_n and_o dispraise_n of_o other_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n marcellinus_n 15._o lib._n 15._o bardi_n quidem_fw-la fortia_fw-la virocum_fw-la illustrium_fw-la facta_fw-la heroicis_fw-la composita_fw-la versibus_fw-la cum_fw-la dulcibus_fw-la lyrae_fw-la modulis_fw-la cantitarunt_fw-la and_o above_o the_o rest_n lucan_n 1._o pharsal_a lib._n 1._o vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la qui_fw-la fortes_fw-la animas_fw-la belloque_fw-la peremptas_fw-la landious_a in_fw-la longum_fw-la vates_fw-la emittitis_fw-la aevum_fw-la plutima_fw-la securi_fw-la fudistis_fw-la carmina_fw-la bardi_n but_o that_o the_o bard_n do_v not_o only_o commit_v to_o memory_n the_o famous_a deed_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o hero_n and_o so_o recite_v and_o repeat_v they_o upon_o occasion_n but_o also_o that_o they_o write_v down_o and_o record_v what_o they_o repeat_v we_o have_v the_o ample_a testimony_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la 3._o cambr._n descrip_n cap._n 3._o hoc_fw-la etiam_fw-la mild_a notandum_fw-la videtur_fw-la quòd_fw-la bardi_n cambrenses_fw-la &_o cantatores_fw-la seu_fw-la recitatores_fw-la genealogiam_fw-la habent_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la principum_fw-la in_o libris_fw-la eorum_fw-la antiquis_fw-la &_o authenticis_fw-la sed_fw-la tamen_fw-la cambrice_n scriptam_fw-la eandémque_fw-la memoriter_fw-la tenent_fw-la à _fw-la roderigo_n magno_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la belinum_n magnum_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la silvium_n ascanium_n &_o æneam_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la æneâ_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la adam_n generationem_fw-la linealiter_fw-la producunt_fw-la now_o that_o the_o genealogy_n here_o mention_v by_o giraldus_n be_v not_o only_o a_o bare_a account_n of_o the_o several_a descent_n and_o succession_n of_o the_o british_a king_n but_o also_o some_o memorial_n of_o their_o life_n and_o action_n may_v be_v easy_o gather_v from_o the_o abovesaid_a manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o bard_n and_o see_v these_o bard_n do_v preserve_v not_o only_o in_o memory_n but_o in_o write_v too_o the_o lineal_a succession_n and_o most_o famous_a transaction_n of_o their_o king_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o history_n of_o geoffrey_n may_v not_o as_o to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o pretend_v to_o great_a authority_n than_o be_v general_o attribute_v to_o it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o bard_n by_o a_o poetical_a liberty_n out_o do_v the_o truth_n of_o history_n in_o the_o praise_n of_o those_o prince_n they_o be_v to_o celebrate_v yet_o thus_o far_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o name_n and_o succession_n of_o the_o several_a king_n be_v real_a and_o consequent_o that_o geoffrey_n can_v never_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o so_o large_a a_o list_n of_o nickname_n as_o he_o be_v general_o think_v to_o be_v for_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o history_n of_o the_o britain_n translate_v by_o geoffrey_n be_v compose_v partly_o out_o of_o these_o genealogy_n peculiar_a to_o the_o bard_n and_o partly_o out_o of_o any_o other_o record_n and_o monument_n of_o the_o britain_n both_o which_o i_o have_v show_v to_o have_v be_v preserve_v and_o use_v among_o they_o ancient_o but_o to_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o history_n the_o first_o and_o most_o suspicious_a relation_n be_v that_o of_o the_o land_n of_o brute_n with_o a_o colony_n of_o trojan_n the_o several_a cross_n and_o encounter_v he_o sustain_v in_o his_o voyage_n and_o then_o of_o this_o island_n receive_v its_o name_n from_o he_o shall_v we_o indeed_o reflect_v upon_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n of_o this_o story_n we_o may_v upon_o good_a reason_n be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o vanity_n and_o falseness_n of_o they_o but_o therefore_o to_o conclude_v that_o because_o the_o building_n be_v suspicious_a the_o foundation_n consequent_o must_v be_v fabulous_a and_o a_o perfect_a contrivance_n do_v i_o think_v deserve_v some_o better_a examination_n for_o if_o we_o do_v but_o reflect_v upon_o the_o contemporary_a history_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n those_o more_o polite_a and_o literate_a nation_n we_o may_v with_o equal_a pretence_n of_o reason_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o foundation_n for_o any_o matter_n of_o fact_n before_o the_o olympiad_n or_o that_o the_o relation_n of_o aeneas_n come_v to_o italy_n and_o all_o that_o history_n to_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n be_v altogether_o groundless_a and_o impertinent_a because_o they_o be_v intermix_v with_o fable_n and_o impossibility_n livy_n assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o transaction_n before_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n be_v rather_o owe_v to_o poetical_a fancy_n and_o extravagancy_n than_o to_o any_o true_a and_o certain_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o
ignorant_a that_o the_o britain_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o trojan_n and_o that_o to_o be_v a_o ancient_a and_o a_o current_a tradition_n among_o they_o tacitus_n be_v never_o in_o britain_n but_o from_o the_o relation_n of_o his_o father_n in_o law_n julius_n agricola_n and_o other_o he_o make_v a_o guest_n that_o from_o the_o different_a shape_v and_o colour_n they_o be_v descend_v from_o different_a nation_n some_o from_o germany_n some_o from_o gaul_n and_o other_o from_o spain_n but_o yet_o as_o to_o the_o primitive_a britain_n those_o who_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n he_o conclude_v after_o the_o usual_a pagan_a manner_n agric._n in_o vita_fw-la agric._n britanniam_fw-la qui_fw-la mortales_fw-la initio_fw-la coluerint_fw-la indigenae_fw-la a_o advecti_fw-la ut_fw-la inter_fw-la barbaros_fw-la parum_fw-la compertum_fw-la the_o britain_n indeed_o in_o tacitus_n his_o time_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o consequent_o these_o latter_a may_v have_v be_v easy_o instruct_v as_o to_o what_o knowledge_n the_o britain_n have_v of_o their_o antiquity_n but_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o necessary_o follow_v that_o because_o this_o historian_n do_v not_o mention_v any_o such_o tradition_n there_o be_v none_o real_o among_o they_o because_o possible_o he_o may_v never_o have_v hear_v of_o it_o or_o if_o he_o do_v he_o may_v have_v omit_v insert_v of_o it_o in_o his_o history_n for_o what_o he_o have_v deliver_v relate_v to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v but_o contingent_a to_o his_o purpose_n the_o whole_a scope_n of_o his_o design_n be_v to_o describe_v the_o action_n of_o his_o father_n in_o law_n during_o his_o lieutenancy_n in_o this_o island_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o at_o all_o wonderful_a that_o he_o have_v give_v but_o a_o slight_a and_o a_o imperfect_a account_n of_o what_o he_o never_o design_v to_o make_v a_o narrow_a inspection_n into_o beside_o if_o we_o suppose_v he_o to_o have_v make_v a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o matter_n and_o to_o have_v mind_n to_o know_v the_o ancient_a state_n and_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o britain_n yet_o since_o he_o want_v the_o opportunity_n of_o converse_v with_o they_o have_v be_v never_o in_o britain_n and_o none_o of_o the_o britain_n that_o we_o know_v of_o â—â—ing_n at_o rome_n o_o â—ept_v those_o who_o from_o their_o youth_n be_v educate_v there_o and_o consequent_o be_v in_o all_o probability_n ignorant_a of_o the_o tradition_n of_o their_o own_o country_n he_o may_v very_o well_o at_o such_o a_o distinct_a have_v be_v never_o make_v acquaint_v with_o such_o a_o national_a tradition_n which_o for_o all_o that_o may_v have_v be_v current_a and_o prevail_a among_o the_o britainâ—_n themselves_o as_o to_o other_o roman_a historian_n who_o have_v write_v of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o primitive_a state_n of_o rome_n that_o they_o have_v make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o such_o person_n as_o brutus_n the_o son_n of_o silvius_n i_o have_v already_o observe_v be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o overthrow_v this_o tradition_n by_o reason_n that_o from_z aeneas_z down_o to_o romulus_n there_o be_v regard_v only_o have_v to_o the_o line_n of_o succession_n and_o those_o only_o record_v who_o succeed_v in_o the_o throne_n let_v we_o consider_v now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v assign_v to_o vindicate_v this_o suppose_a trojan_a origin_n from_o a_o utter_a fiction_n and_o whether_o the_o history_n of_o brutus_n have_v any_o probable_a dependence_n upon_o some_o real_a foundation_n and_o not_o to_o insist_v on_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o tradition_n nor_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o british_a history_n publish_v by_o geoffrey_n nothing_o give_v great_a confirmation_n to_o assert_v some_o real_a foundation_n for_o this_o suppose_a fable_n than_o the_o near_a alliance_n and_o affinity_n betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o grecian_n all_o learned_a man_n allow_v that_o the_o greek_a be_v the_o ancient_a language_n of_o the_o trojan_n and_o that_o their_o custom_n be_v not_o much_o different_a and_o whoever_o will_v compare_v the_o manner_n religion_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n with_o those_o of_o the_o grecian_n will_v easy_o discover_v a_o palpable_a conformity_n betwixt_o both_o nation_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o the_o language_n in_o which_o as_o mr._n camden_n say_v maximum_fw-la est_fw-la disputationis_fw-la firmamentum_fw-la &_o certissimum_fw-la originis_fw-la gentium_fw-la argumentum_fw-la qui_fw-la enim_fw-la 〈◊〉_d he_o go_v on_o linguae_fw-la societate_fw-la conjuncti_fw-la sunt_fw-la originis_fw-la etiam_fw-la communione_fw-la fuisse_fw-la conjunctos_fw-la homo_fw-la opinor_fw-la nemo_fw-la inficiabitur_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o at_o present_a trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o particular_a annumeration_n of_o that_o affinity_n but_o will_v refer_v he_o to_o sir_n john_n price_n defenâ—io_n historiae_fw-la britannicae_n and_o mr._n sheringham_n treatise_n de_n gâ—ntis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la origine_fw-la now_o since_o there_o be_v such_o demonstrable_a affinity_n betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o grecian_n in_o all_o these_o respect_n we_o must_v either_o suppose_v with_o mr._n camden_n that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o origin_n at_o least_o that_o a_o colony_n of_o either_o greek_n or_o trojan_n come_v over_o to_o this_o island_n or_o else_o that_o the_o britain_n have_v correspondence_n traffic_n and_o communication_n with_o the_o grecian_n now_o that_o the_o grecian_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o the_o britain_n till_o very_a late_a may_v be_v gather_v from_o hence_o that_o even_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v by_o any_o greek_a author_n before_o polybius_n who_o live_v less_o than_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o roman_a invasion_n and_o by_o he_o but_o just_o name_v as_o betoken_v a_o very_a remote_a and_o distant_a country_n wherein_o indeed_o it_o be_v report_v that_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o tin_n nay_o britain_n be_v so_o far_o unknown_a to_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n long_o after_o this_o that_o even_o caesar_n himself_o when_o he_o intend_v a_o invasion_n be_v perfect_o ignorant_a of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o island_n and_o though_o he_o make_v what_o enquiry_n he_o can_v of_o the_o british_a merchant_n in_o gaul_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o as_o he_o say_v himself_o 4._o bell._n gall._n lib._n 4._o neque_fw-la quanta_fw-la esset_fw-la infulae_fw-la magnitudo_fw-la neque_fw-la quae_fw-la aut_fw-la quantae_fw-la nationes_fw-la incolerent_fw-la neque_fw-la quem_fw-la usum_fw-la belli_fw-la haberent_fw-la aut_fw-la quibus_fw-la institutis_fw-la uterentur_fw-la neque_fw-la qui_fw-la essent_fw-la ad_fw-la majorum_fw-la navium_fw-la idonei_fw-la portus_fw-la reperire_fw-la poterat_fw-la and_o therefore_o he_o be_v force_v to_o send_v cajus_n volusenus_n before_o he_o to_o search_v into_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o island_n such_o stranger_n be_v the_o roman_n at_o this_o time_n to_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o grecian_n have_v a_o better_a knowledge_n of_o it_o since_o in_o all_o probability_n if_o they_o have_v have_v a_o commerce_n with_o the_o britain_n the_o roman_n who_o be_v master_n of_o the_o sea_n long_o before_o this_o will_v have_v quick_o discover_v their_o merchandize_v which_o if_o as_o profitable_a as_o be_v imagine_v they_o be_v no_o such_o enemy_n to_o gain_v but_o they_o will_v share_v in_o the_o booty_n at_o least_o have_v the_o grecian_n have_v any_o correspondence_n with_o the_o britain_n the_o roman_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v know_v it_o and_o consequent_o they_o must_v needs_o have_v receive_v better_a intelligence_n of_o the_o island_n than_o what_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v have_v at_o caesar_n land_v but_o dion_n cassius_n seem_v to_o put_v this_o matter_n out_o of_o dispute_n and_o give_v as_o a_o very_a plain_a account_n of_o what_o knowledge_n the_o greek_n and_o roman_n have_v of_o this_o island_n which_o i_o will_v set_v down_o in_o the_o latin_a translation_n 39_o lib._n 39_o primis_fw-la graecorum_n romanorúmque_fw-la ne_fw-la esse_fw-la quidem_fw-la britanniam_fw-la compertum_fw-la fuit_fw-la posteriores_fw-la in_o controversiam_fw-la adduxerunt_fw-la continens_fw-la ea_fw-la terra_fw-la a_o verò_fw-la insula_fw-la esset_fw-la multáque_fw-la de_fw-la utraque_fw-la opinion_n conscripta_fw-la sunt_fw-la ab_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la certi_fw-la quidem_fw-la nil_fw-la noverant_fw-la quip_n qui_fw-la nec_fw-la vidissent_fw-la nec_fw-la ab_fw-la â—ndigenis_fw-la qualis_fw-la esset_fw-la accepissent_fw-la sed_fw-la conjecturis_fw-la tantum_fw-la quantum_fw-la vel_fw-la otii_fw-la vel_fw-la studii_fw-la singulis_fw-la aderat_fw-la uterentur_fw-la and_o the_o ancient_a poet_n in_o eustathius_n upon_o dionysius_n reckon_v up_o the_o great_a island_n of_o the_o world_n in_o his_o time_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o britain_n which_o show_v it_o be_v not_o then_o know_v and_o that_o britain_n be_v the_o ancient_a cassiterides_n of_o the_o grecian_n from_o whence_o they_o receive_v their_o tin_n be_v altogether_o uncertain_a for_o herodotus_n make_v mention_n of_o
cadelh_n king_n of_o powis_n his_o father_n mother_n these_o three_o dominion_n roderic_n divide_v between_o hâ—â—_n three_o son_n appoint_v north-wales_n for_o his_o elder_a soâ—_n anarawd_n south-wales_n to_o cadelh_n who_o short_o after_o 〈◊〉_d father_n death_n forcible_o seize_v upon_o his_o brother_n mâ—â—fyn's_n portion_n upon_o who_o roderic_n have_v bestoweâ—_n powis-land_n wales_n be_v thus_o divide_v between_o the_o three_o prince_n they_o be_v call_v y_o tri_n tywysoc_n taâ—â—thioc_n or_o the_o three_o crown_a prince_n by_o reason_n thâ—â—_n each_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v on_o his_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n 〈◊〉_d gold_n be_v a_o broad_a head-band_n indent_a upwarâ—_n set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o 〈◊〉_d british_a tongue_n be_v call_v talaeth_n to_o each_o of_o the_o prince_n roderic_n build_v a_o royal_a seat_n for_o the_o prinâ—â—_n of_o gwyneth_n or_o north-wales_n at_o aberffraw_n of_o souâ—â—wales_n at_o dinefawr_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o powis_n at_o mâ—thrafel_n roderic_n have_v issue_n also_o beside_o these_o threâ—_n roderic_n meyric_n edwal_n or_o tadwal_n gwyriad_n aâ—â—_n gathelic_n but_o roderic_n have_v divide_v his_o principality_n betwixt_o his_o elder_a son_n namely_o aberffraw_n with_o the_o fifteen_o cantred_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o anarawd_n dinefawr_n with_o its_o fifteen_o cantred_n extend_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dofi_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o severn_n to_o cadelh_n and_o powis_n with_o fifteen_o cantred_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o bridge_n over_o severn_n at_o gloucester_n to_o merfyn_n ordain_v that_o his_o elder_a son_n anarawd_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v continue_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o two_o their_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n and_o that_o upon_o any_o foreign_a invasion_n they_o shall_v mutual_o aid_v and_o protect_v one_o another_o and_o he_o far_o appoint_v that_o when_o any_o difference_n shall_v arise_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o cardigan_n or_o dynefawr_n the_o three_o prince_n shall_v meet_v at_o bwlch_n you_o pawl_v and_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n shall_v be_v umpire_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o powy_n fall_v at_o variance_n they_o shall_v meet_v at_o dôl_n rhianedd_n probable_o morva_n rhianedd_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi where_o the_o king_n of_o cardigan_n be_v to_o adjust_a the_o controversy_n and_o if_o the_o quarrel_v happen_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n and_o cardigan_n the_o meeting_n be_v appoint_v at_o llys_n wen_n upon_o the_o river_n wye_n and_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o the_o better_a to_o frustrate_v any_o attempt_n of_o the_o english_a he_o ordain_v moreover_o that_o all_o stronghold_n castle_n and_o citradel_n shall_v be_v fortify_v and_o keep_v in_o repair_n that_o all_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v re-edify_v and_o adorn_v and_o that_o in_o all_o age_n the_o history_n of_o britain_n be_v faithful_o register_v and_o transcribe_v shall_v be_v keep_v therein_o anarawd_n the_o welsh_a have_v often_o sorrowful_o feel_v the_o unnatural_a effect_n of_o inward_a sedition_n and_o of_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a prince_n which_o be_v now_o unavoidable_o to_o be_v renew_v by_o reason_n of_o roderic_n imprudent_a division_n of_o his_o dominion_n between_o his_o three_o son_n for_o the_o several_a principality_n be_v unite_v in_o he_o it_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o politic_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o inveterate_a fury_n of_o the_o english_a to_o compose_v the_o inward_a difference_n which_o will_v otherwise_o happen_v by_o perpetuate_a the_o whole_a government_n of_o wales_n in_o one_o prince_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a effectual_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n by_o separate_a army_n and_o where_o a_o different_a interest_n interfere_v as_o if_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o same_o country_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o same_o prince_n be_v unanimous_o regard_v this_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n when_v the_o roman_n invade_v their_o country_n domestic_a broil_n and_o inward_a dissension_n be_v sownâ—_n among_o themselves_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v to_o unite_v their_o power_n and_o joint_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n so_o that_o tacitus_n wise_o conclude_v dum_fw-la singuâ—â—_fw-la pugnant_fw-la universi_fw-la vincuntur_fw-la there_o be_v few_o â—_z but_o have_v experience_v the_o folly_n of_o be_v rend_v into_o several_a portion_n and_o the_o downfall_n of_o that_o greaâ—_n body_n the_o roman_a empire_n may_v not_o be_v absurd_o attribute_v to_o constantine_n divide_v of_o it_o between_o hiâ—_n son_n but_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n present_o feel_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o it_o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o his_o portion_n and_o desirous_a to_o feed_v his_o ambition_n with_o large_a territory_n can_v not_o spare_v his_o brother_n merfyn_n country_n but_o must_v needs_o forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o his_o lawful_a inheritance_n and_o so_o involve_v the_o welsh_a in_o a_o civil_a war._n but_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n proceed_v in_o anarawd_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n over_o north-wales_n in_o the_o year_n 877._o a.d._n 877_o at_o that_o time_n rollo_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n of_o norman_n descend_v into_o france_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o country_n of_o neustria_n which_o from_o they_o have_v since_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n but_o the_o treacherous_a dane_n in_o england_n who_o have_v retire_v to_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n quick_o violate_v the_o capitulation_n which_o they_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o observe_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v so_o warm_o pursue_v by_o king_n alfred_n that_o they_o glad_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o article_n former_o agree_v upon_o between_o they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intention_n to_o keep_v they_o long_o for_o the_o next_o year_n they_o again_o break_v lose_v possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o thames_n and_o pass_v the_o river_n put_v the_o english_a to_o flight_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o chippenham_n in_o west-sax_n but_o their_o whole_a army_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o for_o alfred_n meet_v with_o a_o party_n of_o they_o slay_v their_o captain_n and_o take_v their_o standard_n which_o the_o dane_n call_v raven_n after_o this_o he_o vanquish_v they_o again_o at_o edendown_n where_o after_o that_o the_o dane_n have_v give_v hostage_n for_o their_o peaceable_a behaviour_n godrun_v their_o commander_n receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o so_o reign_v in_o east-angle_n but_o this_o opportunity_n seem_v to_o threaten_v a_o great_a storm_n upon_o wales_n for_o beside_o the_o death_n of_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o a.d._n 878_o melht_n a_o nobleman_n of_o the_o country_n the_o article_n of_o composition_n between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dane_n occasion_v these_o last_o to_o join_v their_o power_n with_o the_o people_n of_o mercia_n to_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o conwey_n wherein_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n which_o be_v call_v dial_n rodri_n or_o the_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n roderic_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o mercian_n be_v so_o irreconcilable_o enrage_v against_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n be_v this_o after_o the_o death_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a the_o northern_a britain_n of_o stratelwyd_n and_o cumberland_n be_v mighty_o infest_a and_o weaken_a through_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n saxon_n and_o scot_n insomuch_o that_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o will_v not_o submit_v their_o neck_n to_o the_o yoke_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v their_o country_n and_o to_o seek_v for_o more_o quiet_a habitation_n therefore_o towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o anarawd_n reign_n several_a of_o they_o come_v to_o gwyneth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o hoberet_fw-la who_o distress_a condition_n the_o prince_n commiserate_v grant_v they_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n to_o seat_n themselves_o in_o in_o case_n they_o can_v drive_v out_o the_o saxon_n who_o have_v late_o possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o the_o britain_n have_v return_v their_o thanks_o to_o anarawd_n present_o fall_v to_o work_v and_o necessity_n give_v edge_n to_o their_o valour_n they_o easy_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o warm_a in_o their_o seat_n for_o some_o time_n they_o continue_v peaceable_o in_o this_o part_n of_o wales_n but_o eadred_a duke_n of_o mercia_n call_v by_o the_o welsh_a edryd_n wallthîr_n not_o be_v able_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v such_o a_o ignominious_a ejection_n make_v great_a preparation_n
for_o the_o regaining_a of_o the_o say_a country_n but_o the_o northern_a britain_n who_o have_v settle_v themselves_o there_o have_v intelligence_n of_o his_o design_n for_o the_o better_a security_n of_o their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n remove_v they_o beyond_o the_o river_n conwey_n prince_n anarawd_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o draw_v together_o all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v raise_v encamp_v his_o army_n near_o the_o town_n of_o conwey_n at_o a_o place_n call_v cymryt_n where_o himself_o and_o his_o man_n have_v make_v gallant_a resistance_n against_o the_o press_a effort_n of_o the_o saxon_n obtain_v a_o very_a complete_a victory_n this_o battle_n be_v by_o some_o call_v gwaeth_n cymryt_n conwey_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v fight_v in_o the_o township_n of_o cymryt_n near_o conwey_n but_o prince_n anarawd_n will_v have_v it_o call_v dial_n rodri_n because_o he_o have_v there_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n rodri._n in_o this_o battle_n tadwal_n rodri_n son_n receive_v a_o wound_n in_o the_o knee_n which_o make_v he_o be_v denominate_v tudwal_n glôff_n ever_o after_o but_o for_o his_o signal_n service_n in_o this_o action_n his_o brethren_n bestow_v upon_o he_o vchelogoed_n gwynedd_n but_o the_o britain_n pursue_n their_o victory_n chase_v the_o saxon_n quite_o out_o of_o wales_n into_o mercia_n where_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o border_n they_o return_v home_o lade_v with_o rich_a spoil_n and_o so_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o they_o peaceable_o enjoy_v but_o anarawd_n to_o express_v his_o thankfulness_n to_o god_n for_o this_o great_a victory_n give_v very_o considerable_a land_n and_o possession_n to_o the_o collegiate_n church_n of_o bangor_n and_o clynnoc_n vawr_n in_o arfon_n after_o this_o those_o dane_n that_o lie_v at_o fulhenham_n near_o london_n cross_v the_o sea_n to_o france_n and_o pass_v to_o paris_n along_o the_o river_n seyn_fw-mi spoil_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o vanquish_v the_o french_a that_o come_v against_o they_o but_o in_o their_o return_n towards_o the_o sea-coast_n they_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o britain_n of_o armorica_n who_o slay_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n confuse_o endeavour_v to_o escape_v to_o their_o ship_n be_v all_o drown_v one_o shall_v think_v that_o the_o several_a misfortune_n the_o dane_n sustain_v first_o at_o sandwich_n then_o by_o king_n alfred_n and_o now_o in_o france_n will_v have_v quite_o drain_v their_o number_n and_o utter_o have_v rid_v britain_n from_o so_o troublesome_a a_o enemy_n but_o like_o ill_a weed_n the_o more_o you_o root_v they_o the_o fast_o they_o will_v grow_v the_o dane_n be_v still_o supply_v from_o abroad_o and_o if_o a_o army_n be_v vanquish_v here_o another_o be_v sure_a to_o come_v in_o their_o room_n this_o the_o welsh_a find_v too_o true_a for_o not_o long_o after_o this_o 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build_v the_o castle_n of_o beamfleet_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o have_v obtain_v so_o great_a a_o strength_n that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o observe_v the_o oath_n late_o swear_v to_o king_n alfred_n and_o therefore_o invade_v the_o country_n round_o about_o he_o but_o he_o soon_o find_v his_o mistake_n and_o be_v force_v to_o betake_v himself_o back_o to_o his_o castle_n which_o be_v quick_o pull_v down_o upon_o his_o head_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o two_o son_n take_v prisoner_n who_o be_v christen_v be_v again_o restore_v to_o their_o father_n upon_o this_o haste_v and_o his_o dane_n depart_v from_o england_n and_o make_v their_o way_n for_o france_n where_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o limogis_n and_o despair_v of_o a_o speedy_a surrender_n of_o it_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o usual_a way_n of_o deal_v sinistrous_o and_o devise_v this_o trick_n to_o win_v the_o town_n he_o feign_v himself_o to_o be_v dangerous_o sick_a and_o send_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o consul_n of_o the_o city_n desire_v of_o they_o most_o earnest_o that_o he_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o be_v baptize_v before_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o this_o world_n the_o bishop_n and_o consul_n suspect_v no_o deceit_n be_v very_o glad_a not_o only_o to_o be_v deliver_v from_o the_o present_a danger_n of_o be_v besiege_v but_o also_o to_o win_v so_o great_a a_o person_n to_o the_o congregation_n of_o christ_n whereupon_o a_o firm_a peace_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o both_o nation_n hasting_n be_v baptize_v the_o bishop_n and_o consul_n be_v his_o godfather_n which_o be_v end_v he_o be_v carry_v back_o by_o his_o soldier_n to_o his_o ship_n in_o a_o very_a infirm_a condition_n as_o he_o outward_o pretend_v about_o midnight_n he_o cause_v himself_o with_o his_o arm_n about_o he_o to_o be_v lay_v on_o a_o bier_n and_o command_v his_o soldier_n to_o carry_v their_o weapon_n with_o they_o under_o â—â—eir_n coat_n and_o so_o to_o be_v ready_a when_o 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together_o with_o the_o town_n of_o chartres_n towards_o the_o deâ—aying_n of_o his_o charge_n at_o this_o time_n hennith_n ap_fw-mi bledric_n a_o baron_n of_o wales_n a.d._n 891_o â—â—ed_n and_o two_o year_n after_o anarawd_n prince_n of_o north_n a.d._n 893_o wales_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o english_a marâ—ed_v against_o his_o brother_n cadelh_n and_o spoil_v the_o country_n of_o cardigan_n and_o ystradgwy_n at_o the_o same_o â—â—me_n the_o dane_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o excester_n â—nd_v when_o alfred_n have_v march_v to_o oppose_v they_o they_o â—â—at_v continue_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o auldre_n pass_v over_o to_o essex_v and_o build_v another_o castle_n at_o scobrith_n and_o from_o â—ence_n march_v to_o budington_n seat_v upon_o the_o severn_n when_o alfred_n come_v near_o to_o excester_n the_o dane_n present_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o â—heir_a ship_n sail_v towards_o wales_n