inclinable Constitution they might use the same with Excess You have said the very thing quoth Cyrus and therefore I beseech you Father in regard I come late to learn this Art that you would not fail to inform me in all the Points you know by which I may be enabled to make my Advantage of my Enemies Let this then reply'd he be your main and principal Design when your own Men are in all points prepar'd endeavour to attack your Enemies in some Disorder When you are well appointed to set upon them unarm'd When yours are watching to surprize them asleep You must view what Posture they are in your self undiscover'd to them You must take advantage of the most secure and fenced Places where you may at unawares assail your Enemies in Streights and Difficulties But how is it possible Father quoth he that a Man should catch his Enemies in such over-fights as these Because Son said He there is a necessity in it that you as well as your Adversaries should fall into divers of these and the like Circumstances For you must of necessity both of you forrage the Country for Provision you must both sleep and take your Rest and in the morning you must almost all of you range abroad to furnish your selves with Necessaries And look what way soever you bend your course be it better or worse you must pursue it Now of all these things you ought seriously to deliberate that where you find your self the weaker Party there you may use the greater Precaution and that you may when you perceive you have your Enemies at the best Advantage then and there especially attack them And are we quoth Cyrus to endeavour to be before-hand with our Enemies in these Points only or in some others also Not in these only reply'd he my Son but more principally in others For in these cases all Men commonly keep a strict and severe watch as knowing 't is necessary for them so to do But they that go about to circumvent their Enemies can either by making them first confident and think they are secure surprize them unawares or by betraying them into a â—…ursuit break their Ranks and disorder their battel or by the wile of a pretended flight draw them into Streights and Ambuscades and so attack them Now for you my Son it becomes you not only to make use of all those Arts and Designs of War which you have so earnestly desired to be instructed in but also of your accord to invent and contrive other Stratagems against your Enemies Just as Musicians don't content themselves barely with the Practice of those Tunes they have been taught but are continually inventing new Composures of their own And as in Musick what is new and gay is most taking and delightful so much more in War new Stratagems and Policies are highly approv'd of as being best accommodated to betray and circumvent the Enemy Now for you my Son quoth he if you would employ only those wiles and devices against your Enemies which you have us'd against lesser Creatures think you not that you should make a very fair advance towards the getting an absolute Mastery over them For you even in the dead of the Winter would up in the night and out a Birding and your Nets and Snares for that purpose were so prepar'd for them that you prevented their first stirrings and made your counterfeit moveable Pitfall seem as if it were fixt and real Besides you had some Birds so perfectly well taught as to be serviceable to your designs by decoying into your snares those of their own kind whilst you lay secretly in Covert to see them so as to be undiscover'd by them and your great Care was to secure and inclose them before they took wing But for the Hare because she is a Creature that shuns the Light and the Day and feeds in the dusk of the evening you kept your Hounds which tracing her by the scent might start her and because she is no sooner put up but she betakes her self presently to her heels you had other Dogs train'd up for the same purpose that they might take her upon the stretch Now if she chanc'd to out-strip these also you presently sought out her musing holes and observing what paths she generally took you accordingly so pitcht your nets that she not discerning them in the eagerness of her flight might fall into them and entangle her self therein And that she might not possibly escape hence you had your Lurchers and Spies so planted that they might observe what pass'd who being near at hand might immediately come upon her you in the mean time behind her filling her cars with your shouts and hollowings terrify'd her so that you might surprize her unawares whilst they that lay in wait before her having been by you charged to be silent kept under Covert close and unseen Therefore as I intimated before if you would put in practice these and the like Artifices against Men I for my part know not how you should be inferiour to any of your Adversaries But now suppose you should be necessitated in an open field and pitcht Battel to engage your Enemy when you are on both sides well appointed in this case my Son those Arts and Advantages of War wherein you have improv'd your self before are very prevalent and effective As for instance If your Souldiers have well inur'd themselves to bodily Exercise if their Spirits have on occasion been quickned and enliven'd and they throughly acquainted with all the Arts of War Besides you must know this for certain that all those from whom you your self exact Obedience will think it but reasonable that you should consult their Interest and Safety Therefore you ought not by any means to be careless and remiss but to design in the Night how you will have your Men employ'd in the Day and in the Day-time how best to dispose and order the concerns of the Night But how to set an Army in Battel array how to conduct them in the Day and how in the Night how through Streights and how in open Plains how over Mountains and how in Champaign Countrys how to Incamp how to set Watch and Ward by Night as well as by Day how to Advance against the enemy and how to Retreat how to march before an hostile City how to approach the Walls and how to retire how to lead through Forests and how to pass Rivers how to secure your self against the Horse how against Darters and how against Bow-men likewise if you lead your Army display'd into Wings and the Enemy appear and make head against you how you are to confront and oppose them or again if you lead in a close Squadron and the enemy flank you on some other side and don 't appear in the Front how you ought to charge them and give them Battel as also how you may best discover the Designs of your Enemies and they not have the least
sides For I see that the Enemy has spread out their Wings a great way and withall they are very strong both in regard of Chariots and all manner of Forces And we have nothing to oppose to all this besides Chariots And therefore as for my own part had not this station fall'n to me by lot I should be asham'd of it I seem to be so very safe Well then reply'd Cyrus if you think you are well enough your self don't trouble your self for the other For I warrant you by the help of the Gods you shall see these sides of the Enemy quite bare And I desire you that you would not ingage with the Enemy till you see these whom you are so much affraid of flie before us Thus magnificently did he talk now the Battel was at hand whereas at other times he was not much given to boasting but when you see these flie then conclude that I am not far off and make your onset upon the Enemy For then shall you find the Cowardliness of the Enemy and the Valour of your own Men. But while you have leisure Abradatas ride along by your Chariots and incourage your Men to fight partly by inspiriting them with your looks and partly by chearing them up with hopes And do what you can to excite an Emulation among them of appearing the best in the Chariots For assure your self if you do thus they will all say at last that nothing is better than a good Couragious Heart Whereupon Abradatas getting up into his Chariot rod up and down and did accordingly Cyrus marching forwards came to the left Wing where Hystaspas was with half of the Persian Horse Whom he call'd to by his Name and said now you see Hystaspas a work which requires all your speed For it we can but prevent our Enemies by killing them first none of us shall perish To which Hystaspas smiling reply'd let me alone to deal with those that stand opposite but do you take care that those that are of the sides want not work Those are the men says Cyrus I am now going to But do you remember Hystaspas that to whomsoever of us Heaven shall grant the Victory if any part of the Enemy remain'd unvanquish'd we are both to joyn against those who oppose us When he had thus said he march'd forward And when he was come to the Commander of the Chariots I am come says he to help you But when you perceive that we are invading the skirts of the Enemy then do you endeavour to break through the midst of the Enemy For ' â—…will be safer for you to break through then to be intercepted by them in the middle But when he was come behind the Wagons he commanded that Artagerses and Phatnuchus with their thousand Horse and so many Foot should stand still in the same place But says he when you see me invade those who are on the right side then do you fall on upon those who stand opposite to you For you will fight that Wing where the Army is weakest And you will also be the stronger for having a Body You see the Enemy has placed their Horse in their Rear and against these do you oppose the Ranks of the Camels And be you well assured that the Enemy will appear ridiculous to you before you are to ingage When Cyrus had thus done he went to the Right Wing But Craesus supposing that the Body which he himself led was nearer to the Enemy then the Wings which were drawn out into a great length he gave a token to the Wings that they should venture no further but turn to the Enemy in that very place where they were And when they all stood still and viewed Cyrus his Army he gave them the Word to fall on upon the Enemy And thus there were three Squadrons that ran on upon Cyrus his Army one directly opposite and the other two on each side so that all Cyrus his Army was in a great fear For it 't was like a little Brick in a great Building compass'd about every where except behind with Horse-men and Target-men Archers and Chariots But however assoon as Cyrus gave the Word they all wheel'd about and faced the Enemy And all things were hush'd in great filence for fear of the event Cyrus thinking it now high time began the shout which was answered by the Eccho of the whole Army Then with a loud voice calling out Mars he broke forth and planting his Horse against the Flank of the Enemy he presently ingaged with them The Foot keeping their Ranks follow'd speedily after and were compass'd on every side with the Enemy But they were in much the better Condition for they set upon the Wing with the Body strengthning them So that there was quickly a great flight among the Enemy Artagerses assoon as he saw Cyrus ingaged invaded the left side of the Enemy sending in his Camels among them according to Cyrus his Order The Horses could not endure them at a great distance but some of them ran away Mad some pranc'd and leapt some rush'd upon one another For thus Horses use to do at the fight of Camels Artagerses keeping his Men in their Ranks fell upon those which were disorder'd with his well order'd Company and withall sent in the Chariots which were on the right and the left among them Many that escaped from the Chariots were kill'd by those that followed the Wing and many that escaped them were intercepted by the Chariots And Abradatas no longer able to contain himself cry'd out aloud Follow me Friends and rush'd in with his Horse upon the Enemy and shed a great deal of Blood among them giving quarter to no Body And with this the other Chariots broke in also Whereupon the opposite Chariots fled immediately some of them carrying those that fought out of them away with them and some leaving them behind Abradatas making his way directly through them set upon the Squadron of the Egyptians those that were next him in the Army attending him And here they verify'd that which is otherwise evident enough viz. That there is no Body of Men stronger then that which is made up of Friends For those that were his intimate Companions and sate with him at the same Table accompany'd him in this assault upon the Enemy And some of the Chariot-men when they saw that the Egyptians stood the shock with a full Body turn'd to the Chariots that fled and followed after them But those who were with Abradatas because the Egyptians were penn't up so close that they could not give way overturn'd some with the Violence of their Horses and those that were down they trampled under foot And not themselves only but also their Armour Horses and Wheels Whatsoever their Hooks took hold of was cut off by mere force whether Arms or Bodies And in this Tumult too great to be described it happen'd through the jumping of the Wheels over the heaps that laid in the
and Hyrcanians demanded of him what means they had to make a due Distribution of all things without the Concurrence of Him and His Which Words Cyrus taking hold of reply'd Is that indeed your Opinion that whatever is transacted we must still be personally assisting in every thing Will it not be sufficient for us to act for you and you again for us as far as Occasion requires What way is more likely than this to have more Business lying on our Hands than we are able to dispatch For pray observe says he We had these things in our Custody for you and you repose a Confidence in us that we have kept them intire Do you therefore in like manner distribute them as we shall repose the same Confidence in you that you make a due distribution and we in return will make the same riddance for you in matters of common Concern Take notice first what Horse we have with us and what Horse hath been taken and brought Prisoners If you leave them us so without any Riders neither will they be of any use to us nor shall we be excused the trouble of attending them But if ye place Riders on them by one and the same Expedient you will diminish our Care and add to our Strength But if there be any others that you would rather present and with whom you would look Danger in the Face more willingly than with us let them have your Horse But if you mean to have us assisting to you on all Occasions let us have them For when without us you sallied upon the Enemy and went to meet Danger we were in no small Apprehensions for you lest you should do otherwise than well such were out Fears for our Friends nor was our Shame less for our selves that we should not be where ever you were But if we receive your Horse we shall be in a Capacity to attend your Motions and if we shall appear of more use to you fighting on Horse-back we shall take our Fortune with you with the greatest Alacrity But if we shall be esteemed of greater Service to you on Foot it will be easie to light and so strait to be in a Posture of assisting you on Foot while we consider into whose Hands we commit our Horses Thus spoke Cyrus To which they replyed We have not O Cyrus Riders to place on our Horses and if we had since this is your choice should we prefer any other Course to that which you have proposed Therefore now accept our Horses and pursue that Course which you shall take to be best I accept them then said he and so which I wish may be lucky to us we shall Commence Horse-men proceed you now to make Distribution of those things that call no Man Master And in the first place select for the Service of the Gods whatever the Magi according to the Skill of their Profession shall direct you Then select for Cyaxares his Use what presents you conceive will render you Acceptable to him They smiling replied that they would call out the most beautiful of the Women-Captives to present him Therefore says he make a Choice of the She-slaves for him and what else besides you approve of And after you have made this Choice for him do what in you lies O Hyrcanians that all these Medes who freely offered their Service to follow me may have no just Cause to complain And be not you wanting also O Medes to honour and reward these our principal Allies that so they may persuade themselves they had a true Sense of their own Interest when they embraced our Friendship Moreover out of all these award a Share to the Messenger sent to us from Cyaxares nor only to him but even to those that he hath here in his Retinue and endeavour also to persuade him to make his stay with us and possess him it is with my Approbation that so when he hath a right Sense of our Proceedings he may report the true state of all to Cyaxares And as for the Persians who are here with me whatever remains in Surplusage after you are all well equipped will be sufficient for we have not been brought up very delicately but according to our plain Country Fashion And therefore we may perhaps make but a Comical Figure drest up in any splended Accoutrements even such as for ought I know we may make sitting on Horseback or perchance as I guess unhorsed upon the Ground After they had applied themselves to the parting of the Spoil not without laughing sufficiently â—…t so Comical a mention of their Horsemanship Cyrus summoning the Officers of his Troops appointed them to receive the Horses and Horse-furniture and Grooms to such a Number as was in Proportion to the Poll of the several Souldiers and as the Distribution fell by Lot to each Troop He made also Proclamation by the Cryer that if there were any Slave in the Army of the Assyrians the Syrians or the Arabs taken by force out of Media or Persia or Bactriana or Caria or Cilicia or Greece or elsewhere he should strait render himself which Proclamation being made many presented themselves very willingly Cyrus having made Choice of such out of their number as excelled in Beauty told them they should bear Arms as if they were Freemen and Arms he would bestow upon them but they should take care to provide themselves with other Necessaries After which taking them to the Officers of his Troops he recommends them to their Notice and gave them in Charge that they should give them Shields and Swords with which Accoutrements they might be equipped for Horse-men and that they should furnish them with Provisions as if they were his Persians but that the Officers of the Troops should be compleatly armed themselves and well mounted and provided with Spears which Institution he first of all begun to Establish And that each of them should in the Place of those Horse-Officers substitute new Foot Officers while they were thus intent upon these Matters In the mean time Gobryas an old Assyrian with his Retainers all Horse himself an Horse-Officer too presented himself All of them compleatly arm'd with Armes for Horse But they whose Post it was to take their Armes required them to surrender their Spears to be burnt with the rest of their Armes Gobryas told them that he would fain see Cyrus first The Officers then leaving the rest of the Horse behind conducted Gobryas to Cyrus his Presence He when he saw Cyrus turned to him in these Words Sir I truly am by Nation an Assyrian and Owner of a strong Castle and intrusted with the Government of a large Territory and used to bring into the Field a thousand Horse for the Service of the Assyrian King and held no small Place in his Favour But since that truly brave and good Man fell in Battel by your Sword and his Son but my utter Enemy is advanced to the Helm I come to you and
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Divination by the flying of Birds The Gods are omniscient 1 al. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 20000 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Parium the Nobility We ought to know our Enemy's strength Cyrus's Oration to the Noblemen of Persia. The Oration of one of the Nobility Cyrus's Oration to his Souldiers Cyrus instructs his Souldiers in the Arts of War 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 The command of 10 Souldiers 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 4 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Or Sergeants at Arms. How Cyrus commun'd with his Captains c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A notable Instance of Military Discipline Or Leader 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chrysantas's Advice about disposing of Rewards The admirable Wisdom of Cyrus An excellent Discourse of Cyrus Cyrus's Oration to the whole Camp The Oration of Chrysantas The Cration of Pheraulas 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made of Twigs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as most â—…ples 〈◊〉 it Leaders of Ten. Cyrus wittily encourageth his Souldiers An Embassy from India Rather as Leunclavius observes it should be 300 which multiply'd by 100 makes compleatly 30000. Cyaxares gives Audience to an Indian Embassy Cyrus confers with Cyaxares about raising Money Cyaxares and Cyrus consult about the reducing the King of Armenia Cyrus under colour of Hunting invades the K. of Armenia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus's Oration 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The King of Armenia flies The K. of Armenia pleads his own Cause Cyrus deals subtilly with the K. of Armenia Tygranes pleads his Fathers Cause Fear is the worst of Punishments Cyrus dismisseth his Prisoners Ransom-free An excellent saying of a Dying Man Cyrus consults how he may be Master of the Caldean Mountains 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Caldeans a Warlike Nation Cyrus his Goodness to the Caldean Captives The King of Armenia to Cyrus Conditions of Peace between the Armenians and Caldeans Cyrus consults about sending an Ambassador to the King of India The Armenians Entertainment of Cyrus at hâ—…s Return Cyrus's Liberality His Oration to his Captains c. 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 His Oration concerning invading Assyrid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus invades Assyria 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Persian Word it contain'd three Furlongs near four Miles English 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus his Oration to the Nobility of Persia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The King of Assyria's Oration to his Army 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus his Discourse to Crysantas c. Souldiers Fortitude Cyrus his Victory over the Persians His Orderly Retreat Cyrus his Gratitude to God and Man The flight of the Assyrians and their Fellows by Night Cyrus consults how to pursue the Enemy Cyaxares is of Opinion against the Chace Cyrus his sly Artifice to cheat Cyaxares The Hyrcanians Embassy to Cyrus Cyrus his League with the Hyrcanians Several Grounds of the Medes Inclinations to serve Cyrus Cyrus his brave Herangue The Hyrcanians pass over to Cyrus his Camp Another Victory obtain'd by Cyrus his fligâ—… Craesus his Escape Cyrus his Advice about laying in Provisions Cyrus perswades his Men to sparing Diet and abstinence Cyrus his Contrivance to furnish out Horse for the Persian Army Chrysantas approves of Cyrus his Measures Cyrus his Resolution touching the Slaves Cyrus offers certain Conditions to the Slaves Cyrus his Meat and Beverage Cyaxares his Revâ—…l Cyaxares his barbarousness Cyrus his discreet Answer to Cyaxares his Messenger Cyrus his Letter to Cyaxares Cyrus is taken up in parting the Spoils Cyrus advises to bestow upon the Persians the Enemies Horse Cyrus his opinion of dividing the rest of the Spoil Cyrus gives several of the Slaves their Freedoms Gobryas the Assyrian comes over to Cyrus The Manner how the Son of the Assyrian King killed Gobryas his Son Gobryas intreats Cyrus to revenge the death of his Son The excellent Beauty of Panthea Her Vertue Whether Love can compel men against their wills Araspes in Love with Pâ—…thea How Cyrus was beloved Gobrias entertains Cyrus and his Army The temperance of the Persians The Duty of a Good General represented iâ—… Cyrus Cyrus advises about taking to him more assistants Cyrus deliberates about going to Babylon Cyrus Challenges the Assyrian Cyrus's Stratagem The Assyrian Forrages the Country of Gadatas Cyrus prepares to assist Gadatas How Cyrus ordercd his Army to make them more fit to march Cyrus's great Memory Why a General ought to know the names of his Souldiers Cyrus his great Diligence in marching in the Night One of Gadatas his Subjects conspires to betray him The Traytor is slain Cyrus and Gadatas congratulate each other Cadusius slain Cyrus his compassion towards the Cadusians He encourages the Cadusians Cyrus â—…venges the slaughter of the dusians Cyrus greatly augments the Persian Horse Cyrus returns to Babylon Why Cyrus would not now approach too near the walls Cyrus sends for Cyaxares to go one to the Army Cyaxares envies Cyâ—… Cyrus excuses himself Cyrus reckons up his good Services done for Cyaxares Cyaxares discovers his envie toward Cyrus Cyrus interrupts his uncles complaints They are friends again The Medes bring presents to Cyaxares Cyrus is for coninuing the Expedition They consult whether 't is best to put an end to the War or not The Opinion of Cyrus after all A cunning Artifice of Cyrus The Assyrian goes into Lydia Cyrus alone perceiveth the design of his Expedition thither Cyrus abolishes the old way of driving Chariots And invents a new sort Araspas in love with the Lady Panthea Cyrus speaks kindly to Araspas The subtâ—…ty of Cyrus Araspas joyns himself with the Enemy on purpose to betray them Abradatus comes over to Cyrus Cyrus makes Chariots to be drawn with eight yoke of Oxen. The Indian King sends Money to Cyrus The strength of the Enemy is discovered Cyrus his Army discouraged Cyrus marches against the Enemy He prepares himself for Battle Araspas returns from the Enemy The Enemy's Forces very great How Cyrus will have his Army marshall'd Abradatas his Courage Panthea armes her Husband and exhorts him to be Couragious The Picture of love betwixt Man and Wife Cyrus engages the whole Body of the Enemy The Horses of the Enemy are frighted with Cyrus's Camels The engagement 〈◊〉 the Egyptians and Persians The Egyptians life themselves under Cyrus Craesus flies to Sardes Sardis is took by Cyrus Cyrus punishâ—…s the greâ—…dy Chaldeans Cyrus Commands Craesus to be brought before him Arts are the Springâ—… from whence Riches flow Craesus tries the Truth of the Answers given by the Câ—…cle of Apollo The answer of the Oracle to Craesus Craesus disputes against the Oracle What life may be accounted happy Cyrus is made acquainted with the detah of Abradacas Cyrus laments the Death of Abradatas The Lady Panthea stabs her self The Monument of Abradatas Panthea and her Eunuchs Cyrus sends Forces into Caria Adusius is sent into Caria Aduâ—… compoles the Difference amongst the Carians The Graeclans made Tributary to Cyrus The King of Phrygia is taken Cyrus shews himself not to be Covetous Cyrus brings many Countries under his Yoke And returns to Babylon Cyrus's stratagem Cyrus shows what way he thinks it most convenient to besiege Babylon Chrysantas gives his Opinion also which is rejected * Cyrus takes Babylon whilest they were feasting which agrees with Daniel's History How Cyrus got himself honour'd as King Cyrus takes a Life-Guard Why he made choice of Eunuchs for that purpose Cyrus takes himself more Guards out of the Persians He also keeps the rest of the Persian Souldiers with him Cyrus lays a solid Foundation of Government Embassadors very necessary in all Government Cyrus his way to bring his People often to Court The whole World follows the Kings example After what manner Cyrus was wont to treat his Servants Cyrus his Liberality Who amongst the Persians are accounted the Eyes and Ears of the Kings Cyrus's his parallel between a Shepherd and a good King Cyrus makes a Demonstration to Craesus of hâ—… inexhaustible Treasure The Majesty and pomp of Cyrus when he went out of his Palace Pheraulas as solely intent upon Cyrus his Business Pheraulas his Gratitude Pheraulas his generous mind in contemning Riches Pheraulas his Natural â—…isposition Cyrus observes a certain Me. thod in seating his Guests at Table Gobryas admires the Humanity of Cyrus Why Cyrus prefer'd Chrysantas before Hystaspas Cyrus joaks with his Courtiers Cyrus gives in Marriage to Hystaspas the Daughter of Gobryas Cyrus rewards his Souldiers Cyrus takes Care that they be plac'd in Order and in their proper Stations Cyaxares offers his Daughter in Marriage to Cyrus Marriage not to be contracted without the consent of Parents Cyrus returns into his own Country Cambyses makes a perpetual League of Amity betwixt his Son Cyrus and the Persians Cyrus marries Cyaxares's Daughter Cyrus's Policy Cyrus his Command to his Deputies Post-Horses first order'd by Cyrus Cyrus subdues many Nations At what Places beâ—… 〈◊〉 â—…o make his abode Cyrus is belov'd by all Cyrus's last journey into Persia. The approach of Cyrus his Death is revâ—…'d to him in a Vision Cyrus his last and most wise Speech The Conclusion of the History which compares the antient Customes of the Persians with the modern
we think of better than to send dispatches to the Persians and withall to give them to understand that what Calamities soever befall the Medes the same will also reach them and thereupon to crave of them greater Assistance Well quoth Cyrus but know this that although the whole Power of Persia should come forth to aid Us we shall not yet be able to surpass our Enemies in Number What Expedient then quoth He can you devise better than this For my part answered Cyrus were I as you I would immediately provide for all the Persians that are coming hither exactly such Armour as those Noble-men of ours which we call Peers are furnish'd with Which is this a Breast-plate a light Target for the left hand and a Falchion or Cymitar in the right This if you do we shall be able with more safety to close with our Enemies and encounter them hand to hand and they also will think it more eligable to fly than to maintain their ground For those of them that keep the field we Persians will give them Battel committing such as fly to you and your Horsemen that so they may have no opportunity either to save themselves by flight or to rally again Thus spake Cyrus and Cyaxares so well approv'd of what He had said that now He made no further mention of sending for fresh supplies but immediately began to make ready the aforesaid Armour which was scarce yet dispatch'd e're the Persian Nobility were advanc'd with the Army sent out of their own Country Whom when Cyrus had assembled together He spake to them to this effect Country-men and Friends when I saw you thus well Arm'd and withal perceiv'd your hearty Resolutions to joyn close Battel with the Enemy but the rest of the Persians your followers no otherwise appointed than to skirmish here and there at random I was highly concern'd lest possibly you as you are few in Number and destitute of others to relieve you might being overpower'd by your Enemies be reduc'd to Extremity and Distress But now in regard you bring hither Bodies so manly and robust that they can't be excepted against and they also are to be arm'd like your selves our great business will be to animate and quicken them For 't is a General 's Duty not only to be brave and daring Himself but also to take effectual Care that those under Him acquit themselves with Gallantry and Courage When Cyrus had thus said and they understood they should have more Companions in the Battel they were all exceeding glad and one of them stood forth and spake to this effect My discourse perhaps would be lookt upon as very strange should I take upon me to advise Cyrus to say any thing in our behalf to those that are to be our Fellow-Astros in the War when they put on their Armour but this I am assured of that Their words make the deepest Impression in the hearts of their Audience who have the greatest Power to do good or ill Likewise the Gifts and Largesses of such Men though they are less considerable than those of a samiliar Friend yet are they more highly valued and esteem'd by the Receivers So now these Persians would more cheerfully follow the Exhortation of Cyrus himself than if they were counsell'd and encourag'd by Us. And being admitted into the Order of Peerage they will think it more securely confirm'd to them if it be done by their King's Son and their General than if they were by Us advanc'd to the same Dignity Nevertheless we must not be wanting in what concerns Us but ought by all means possible to raise and enliven the hearts of these Men for the more valiantly they behave themselves the more will it be for our Honour and Advantage Hereupon Cyrus having assembled together all the Persian Souldiery and plae'd the Armour in the midst of them spake to them as follows Men of Persia In regard you were born and bred in the same Country with Us and have Bodies nothing inferiour to Ours 't is requisite likewise that you equal Us in Valour and Resolution of mind For though you are such stout Men yet in our own Country you never shar'd like Honours with Us not that We debarr'd you that Priviledge but that there was a Constraint upon you to provide Necessaries for your selves But now by the Divine Assistance I shall take Care that there be no want of these things and you although you are in some sort of a lower Rank in respect of Us may yet if you please put on the same Armour we wear and encounter the same Dangers we do and if you perform any brave and noble Exploit be advanc'd equally with Us in Honour and Esteem Hitherto you have been us'd to Bows and Darts as well as we nevertheless 't is not at all to be wondred at if your Skill and Experience herein fall short of Ours for you had not the leisure and opportunity to practise these things which we had But now in this kind of Armour here before you we shall not have the least advantage of you For every one shall have a Breast-plate fitted to him in his left hand a light Target such as we all have been us'd to carry and in his right hand a Sword or Cymitar wherewith to sâ—…ite down his Adversaries who can't possibly escape Him if He direct his stroke aright In these Circumstances what is it wherein we can One furpass another but by being daring and forward which ought to be Your Concern no less than Ours For as for Victory which both instates Us in and likewise secures to Us all things that are honourable and good upon what account should We be more desirous of it than You And as for Power which bestows upon the Conquerours all the spoils of the Vanquished what reason have We to endeavour after it rather than you To conclude you have heard the whole matter you see all the Armour here before you let every Man take what is fit for Him and so give his Name to some Centurion in the Army that he may be enroll'd in the same rank and quality with Us. As for those that content themselves with the Condition of Mercenary Souldiers let them still continue to wear such Arms as are proper for Servants and Attendants Thus spake Cyrus whom when the Persians had heard they concluded that they justly deserv'd to lead a wretched and uncomfortable Life for the future if upon so fair an Invitation to partake of the like Dangers and to share the same Rewards with them they should offer to refuse Whereupon they unanimously listed themselves and took every Man his Armour During the time of the Report that the Enemy was advanc'd very near them when indeed there was no such thing Cyrus made it his business to improve the strength of those that were about him by keeping them to bodily Exercise He instructed them in Military Arts animating and exciting them to all
wrought hard at the same Drudgery and Toil stand more quietly and gently together in the same Stall And undoubtedly they give the best Proofs of their Bravery against the Enemy who are conscious to themselves how well they have acted in their exercises one with another Cyrus also erected a Pavilion for himself fit for the Accommodation and Reception of those that he invited to sup with him Now for the most part he invited of his chief Captains such as he thought proper and convenient sometimes he sent for his Lieutenants to his Table sometimes for the Corporals and sometimes for the Captains over Five Upon some Occasions likewise he admitted private Souldiers sometimes also half a File together sometimes a whole File sometimes an entire Band of Souldiers and sometimes a whole Regiment And this kind of Invitation and honouring them thus was usual with him when he saw any particular Person perform that which he would have recommended to the Army in general now the Entertainment he provided was always the same for himself and his Guests He took also special Care that those Messengers that followed and attended the Camp should in all things share equally with the rest in that he look'd upon such Officers to be in no case less deserving of Honour and Advancement than Heralds and Ambassadors for he concluded that they must needs be Men of Fidelity and Skill in Military Affairs Understanding in Business earnest quick of dispatch diligent and undaunted Over and above all this Cyrus knew 't was expedient that these kind Officers should be treated with the same Regard as they that were reputed the best amongst them and so to be manag'd that they might refuse nothing that was enjoyn'd them but that in all things they might make their Prince's Commands the Measure of their Obedience It was likewise his constant Care as oft as he made these publick Entertainments in his Tent to provide that they might be season'd with such Discourses as would at once create Mirth and incite to some noble and generous Undertaking So on a time he occasionally entred upon this kind of Discourse How think you Country-men quoth he do you esteem others any way our Inferiors or to fall short of us because they have not had the same Advantage of Education and Discipline as we have Or will there think you be no Difference betwixt them and us neither in our common Conversation nor when we come to give the Enemy Battel To him Hystaspes reply'd How they will behave themselves against the Enemy I don't yet understand but I vow to you in their ordinary Converse one with another some of them seem already very morose and refractory for Cyaxares sent lately consecrate Victims to every Company which being distributed every Man had at least three Dividends of Flesh for his share The Cook when he carried about the first Course began with me but when he came in with the second I bad him invert his method and begin with the last Whereupon one of the Souldiers that sat about the middle cry'd out and said In good faith this is by no means fair dealing if he shall never begin with us that sit here in the midst Which when I perceiv'd I was very much disturb'd that they should think they were cozen'd and immediately call'd the Souldier to me and therein he as readily obey'd Now by that time the Messes which were carry'd about came to us and we I remember being to be serv'd last the Pieces of Meat that were left were very small whereat he being heartily vex'd was not able any longer to contain himself but mutter'd out these Words What hard Fortune had I to be call'd hither and speed so much the worse To whom I reply'd Come trouble not your self for by and by he will begin with us then you shall choose with the first and have the largest Portion This said in comes the Cook with the third Course even all that was left undistributed and here he had his choice next after me But when a third had likewise taken and had as he thought met with a larger piece than himself down again he threw what he had already pitch'd upon as if he would make a second Choice But the Cook supposing the Man had no need of Meat kept on his way and carried the Mess quite about before he could seize on another piece Whereupon he took this Disaster so heinously because that which he had chosen before was all eaten up that he overturn'd even the Sauce that was left out of a mere Transport of Vexation and Rage at his ill fortune Which when the Officer that stood next Us perceived clapping his hands together he burst out into a great Laughter and I for my part was forc'd to counterfeit a Cough not being able otherwise to forbear laughing out-right Such a one as this Cyrus quoth he can I shew you amongst our own Fellows Whereat all of them as well they might laugh'd heartily Then stood up another of the Captains and said This Gentleman it seems has light upon a very peevish humoursome Fellow But when you dismist us with your Instructions for Marshalling an Army and commanded every one of us what we had learnt of you to teach the same to our respective Companies then went I as the rest did and exercis'd one Party When having placed their Leader at the head of them and next to him a brisk Young-man and so the rest in such order as I thought fit I stood forth and fac'd them where viewing the whole Band when I saw my own time I commanded them to march forward Presently my Young-man stepping forth march'd in the Van before his Leader Which when I perceiv'd You Sir what do you mean said I To march on replied he as you commanded But my Commands quoth I were not to you only but to all the rest Upon these Words turning him about to the Company What hear you not saith he how our Captain commands us all to advance forward Hereupon the whole Band moving on march'd before their Leader and came up to Me. And when their Officer commanded them back again they began to be discontented and to murmur saying Whether of these two must we obey for here one commands us and the other forbids us to march forward All this I patiently bore with and replacing every one in his proper Order I gave them in charge That not a Man of those that came behind should fair a foot till he before him began to move but that they should all have a special regard to this That every Man follow his Leader Now so it was that one going for Persia came to wait upon me for my Letter which I had wrote to my Friends wherefore I wish'd the Officer for he knew where the Letter lay to run and fetch it He did accordingly when immediately the aforesaid Young-man guarded as he was with a Breast-Plate and a Halbert
believe it will animate even Cowardise it self to see Valour honour'd and preferr'd Cyrus was very willing that such a Decree should pass upon the account and for the sake of the Nobility for he took it for granted that they would shew themselves more valorous according as they saw themselves rewarded in proportion to the Services they did He thought it therefore very seasonable at this time to determine the Point by Votes and Suffrages when the Nobility began to repine at and dread this levelling kind of Equality Wherefore by the unanimous Consent of those that were met together in Cyrus's Pavilion it was thought good to put the Matter to the Vote that every one who would be reputed a Man indeed should countenance and further it Hereat one of the Captains smiling said I know a certain Fellow a Common-Souldier who will readily give his Assent that this unadvised Equality shall never pass Another ask'd him who he meant I mean quoth he a certain Tent-Fellow of mine who presses upon all Occasions to share more than the rest What said the other in Labour too Nay hold there reply'd he not a Word of that there I confess you have caught me for in Labour and Toil or any thing of that Nature he will give any one that will free leave to take a greater share than himself But Sirs quoth Cyrus my Resolution is that such Fellows as he now speaks of ought to be cashier'd and expell'd the Camp if we intend to have a stout valiant and faithful Army For I look upon the Generality of Souldiers to be naturally dispos'd to follow what way soever any one leads them Now I believe Men of Gallantry and Courage are zealous to excite others to noble and brave Exploits whereas bad Men make it their Business to betray them into Villany and Folly And indeed it often falls out that Men of base corrupt Principles bring more over to their Opinion and Party than those that are truly vertuous and good For Vice coming recommended with present Pleasures does by their Allurements induce many to comply with and embrace it but Virtue aiming only at Heights and Difficulties is not powerful and attractive enough to draw us readily to her especially when others invite us the clean contrary way to our beloved Ease and Pleasure So that if there be any who contract a vicious Habit merely by a sluggish stupid Disposition such I esteem as Drones expensive only and burthensome to their Fellows but where they are backward to engage in common Duty and Service yet shameless and eager in pursuit of their own private Advantage they are likely to be Ring-Leaders to Mischief and Vice because they are many times able to evidence to the World that their Villany has been crown'd with Profit and Success Wherefore such as these ought by all means to be discharg'd Nor need you be hereupon sollicitous how to recruit your broken Forces with Country-men of your own but as in Horses you don't confine your self to those of your own breed but make choice of such as are best even so in Men of all others choose especially such as you think most able to do you the best Service and Honour Now that this kind of proceeding will turn to our good I am abundantly satisfied because neither can a Chariot be swift which is drawn by slow Horses nor a Family well govern'd where dissolute Servants are employ'd Nay less prejudicial were it to have no Servants at all than to be molested with those that are vitious and false Besides assure your selves of this my Friends quoth he that by this purging of ill Men out of the Army we shall not only gain this great point that we shall be fairly quit of them but also as many of those that are left behind as Vice has already seiz'd on and infected will again be purged of the same and those also that are good and faithful when they see base Villanies slighted and disgrac'd will with more chearfull Resolution embrace Vertue And this was the Effect of Cyrus's Discourse All which his Friends unanimously approved of and did accordingly Then Cyrus began to be pleasant again and perceiving that one of his Officers had brought a Guest with him to Supper and had made him sit down by him very hairy and ugly as he was calling the Officer by his Name he said unto him What Sambulas and do you too follow the Greek Fashion and carry about that delicate Youth that sits next to you for his Beauty Yes quoth Sambulas as I live I take great Pleasure both in his Converse and Countenance which when the rest of the Company heard they all turned about and viewing well the Young Man's extraordinary deformity laught out right And one among the rest Now for Heavens sake Sambulas quoth he prithee tell me how this Fellow has thus ingratiated himself with thee I will tell you quoth he Friends the very Truth How oft soever I have called upon Him either by Night or by Day He never pretended Business to excuse himself nor does he go about his work lazily but always with Vigour and Dispatch Nor did I ever see him go about any thing I commanded him but he wrought at it till he sweat again Besides he has made twelve others really such as himself demonstrating to them not by Word but by Fact how they ought to behave and acquit themselves Upon this says one seeing He is such a Person as you speak of how can you forbear to greet and kiss him as one of your Kinsmen To whom the ill-look'd Fellow himself reply'd He does not do that because he hates taking Pains for if he should offer to kiss me it would excuse him sufficiently from all other Exercises Such kind of Story 's as these partly jocular and partly serious were discoursed of and debated in the Tent. At last having offer'd Sacrifice a third time and beseeching the Gods to bless them with Victory and Success the Company brake up and betook themselves all to their Rest. The day following Cyrus in a full Assembly of his whole Army spake to this Effect Country-men and Friends the Battel now approaches our Enemies are at hand If Victory attend us the Enemy and all they possess will be certainly ours if we are vanquished and we must ever suppose the worst all that we are Masters of will as their Reward fall into the hands of the Conquerors This therefore you must know that where Men concerned in the same common Engagements of War make this Resolution to themselves that nothing can succeed well unless every particular Person heartily espouse the Cause there in a short time they are able to perform great and glorious Exploits and that upon this Account that no Man out of a slothful Negligence forgets to discharge his Duty But when every one shall think that others will bear the Burthen of the Day and encounter the Dangers of the War tho
Presents of Hospitality to Cyrus and the whole Army and gave it in Charge to such of his Subjects as were to go to the War that they should be in readiness the third Day To Cyrus likewise he sent double the Sum of Money he had demanded But Cyrus deducting what he had requir'd return'd the remainder desiring withall to know whether of those two would put themselves at the Head of their Army the Son or the King Himself To which they both return'd Answer the Father thus He whom you your self shall please to command the Son to this Effect Assuredly Cyrus quoth he I will not fail to follow you tho it be to serve you as your Slave or Vassal To him Cyrus smilingly reply'd And upon what Terms would you be content to have your Wife hear that you are become Luggage-Carrier to the Camp She shall not need to hear of it quoth he for I will bring Her with me that she may be an Eye-witness to all my Actions But 't is already high time quoth Cyrus that you prepare for your March I make no doubt of it quoth Tygranes but that we our selves shall be in a readiness with whatever else my Father has appointed for your service This done the Souldiers after an hospitable Reception betook themselves to their Repose The next day Cyrus took with him Tygranes and the best of the Median Horse with as many of his Friends as he thought convenient and coasting about the Countrey considered where He might erect a Fortress Then coming to the top of a Mountain He inquir'd of Tygranes which were the Hills from whence the Chaldaeans made their Descents to spoil and pillage them Which when Tygranes had pointed out to him he farther ask'd him whether they had at that time deserted them or no No believe me quoth he but they have alwayes their Spies there who signifie to the rest whatever they discover And what said he do they upon any Discovery made They hasten quoth he to the defence of these Frontier Mountains with all the speed and power they can When Cyrus had heard this he look'd about him and beheld a great part of the Countrey of Armenia lye waste and desolate by reason of the War Then they return'd to the Army and having supp'd together betook themselves to their Rest. The Morrow after Tygranes himself was in all readiness well appointed being inforc'd with four thousand Horse ten thousand Archers and as many Targetiers But whilst this Army was levying Cyrus having first made an auspicious Sacrifice called together the Captains both of the Persians and the Medes and in a full Assembly spake to them to this effect These Mountains my Friends which we see before Us are the Boundaries of the Chaldaeans which if we make our selves Masters of and thereon build a Cittadel or our own both Nations as well Armenians as Chaldaeans must of necessity be aw'd by Us. Our Sacrifices promise good success and to effect this nothing can so much further and advance humane Resolution as Celerity and Dispatch For if we can reach the top of these Hills before the Enemies Forces can come together we shall either be Masters of them without any manner of Resistance or else ingage with an Enemy that is very inconsiderable and weak So that no Labour can be more easie no Undertaking less dangerous provided what we have resolv'd upon we quickly out of hand put in Execution To your Arms therefore And you Medes march on your left you Armemans half of you on our right Hand the other half lead the Van and conduct us in our way You Horsemen bring up the Rear animate us and force us forward and be sure you suffer no one to be Lazy or Remiss When Cyrus had thus said disposing his Army into deep Files He march'd on in the Head of them But when the Chaldeans perceiv'd that they made a resolute Ascent they presently gave notice to their Fellows who upon mutual Alarms and Out-cries each to other ran together Hereupon Cyrus incouraging his Souldiers said 'T is high time O ye Persians for Us to make haste For if we can prevent our Enemies and gain these Hills before them all the Power they can bring will little avail them Now the Caldeans are armed each of them with a light Target and two Javelins and are reputed the most War-like People of all that Country They serve also if Occasion require as stipendiary Souldiers because tho they are a very Martial Nation yet are they very poor For the Region they inhabit is Mountainous and rich Soil they have little or none Now when Cyrus his Souldiers had well nigh master'd the Ascent of the Hills â—…ygranes who march'd near him said Know you not O Cyrus that we our selves must immediately ingage the Enemy For as for the Armenians they will by no means sustain the Assault Cyrus told him he knew that very well and presently gave command to the Persians that they should prepare themselves for Battel telling them that they must fall upon and pursue the Enemy as soon as the Armenians by turning their Backs upon them had brought them somewhat nearer So the Armenians advanc'd in the Front who approaching near the Enemy as many of the Caldeans as were present making as their Custom is a great Shout fell furiously upon them so that the Armenians being unable to abide the Onset gave back as they are us'd to do But when the Caldeans pressing forward in pursuit of them saw others with Swords in their Hands marching up directly against them some pushing on and attacking them were presently slain upon the Spot others fled and others were made Prisoners of War So that in a short time they became Masters of those Hills Which when they had gain'd taking from thence a view of the Caldeans Country they saw them quit and abandon all the Neighbouring Habitations Now as soon as the Army was come together Cyrus commanded the Souldiers to dine Which done and he understanding that the Place where the Chaldaean Spies were posted was very defensible and well water'd immediately began to erect a strong Fort there commanding Tygranes to send to his Father willing him to repair thither and bring with him all the Masons and Carpenters he had Whilst this Messenger was dispatch'd to the King of Armenia Cyrus with those about him went on with his Fortifications In this interim were brought unto him Prisoners some bound and others wounded whom when Cyrus saw He presently commanded those that were in Bonds to be loosed and sending for Chirurgions charg'd them to take care that such as were wounded might be healed This done he told the Caldeans that he came thither not out of any Ambition he had to conquer them nor needed he make War upon them but very desirous he was to establish a Peace betwixt the Armenians and Caldeans Now before we had made our selves Masters of these Mountains I know you
substantial Good Now when Cyrus perceiv'd how vigorous his Souldiers were their Bodies robust and strong to undergoe the Toils of War their Souls truly generous and daring to despise the Enemy well skill'd in what belong'd to their particular Armour and all of them freely dispos'd intirely to obey their Commanders very desirous he was upon these Accounts immediately to execute some Design or other against the Enemy For he knew that by lingring and delay the noblest Projects even of the bravest Generals are often baffled and defeated Besides he saw Heats and Animosities fomented in the Army through the Ambition of some and Jealousie of others for which reason he thought it the best Policy to bring them without delay into the Enemies Country having learnt by Experience that common Dangers even among Souldiers hinder their Affections each to other For in such Case no man envies the glittering Armour of one or repines at the Ambition of another but do equally commend and congratulate one anothers Success believing that they are all joyntly concern'd to procure the Advancement of the common Good First then he furnish'd out and marshal'd his Army after the best and most sightly manner he could This done he assembled together his Collonels Captains Lieutenants and Ensignes for these were free-Officers and not enroll'd in the ordinary Lists of Souldiers yet when they were to wait upon the General for his Commands or to inform him in any particular the Army was not therefore left at random but allthings were plausibly manag'd by inferiour Officers who commanded some perhaps twelve some six in a Partie Now as soon as these prime Commanders were met Cyrus took them into his Tent and not only demonstrated to them what Order and Discipline was but also throughly inform'd them wherein particularly consisted the Strength of their Allies And when he had rais'd in them an earnest desire of entring presently upon Action he sent them back to their respective Charges there to teach every Man in his proper Province what they had learn'd of him and endeavour to kindle in them All a Zeal heartily to espouse and pursue this War that so the whole Army may march out with all imaginable Cheerfulness and carly in the Morning appear before Cyaxares his Gates They immediately departed and did as he commanded And the next Morning by break of Day came and presented themselves before the Palace Royal. Then Cyrus with his Principal Officers entring the Court address'd himself to Cyaxares in this manner I know very well O Cyaxares quoth he that the point I shall now speak to has been long since approv'd of by You as well as by Me but You perhaps may be unwilling to declare your Thoughts lest possibly if you should mention the leading forth our Armies it might be suspected you were weary of the Expence of maintaining them at home since therefore you are pleas'd to be Silent I will undertake to manage this Concern in your behalf as well as my own We are all then resolv'd upon the point since we are so compleatly furnish'd not to suffer your Enemies to invade your Country before we give them Battel nor will we sit down securely here and wait their coming but immediately march out into their Territories For so long as we remain within your Dominions we cannot tho sore against our Wills but spoil and impoverish them Whereas were we advanc'd into the Enemies Quarters we should pillage them with Pleasure and Satisfaction Besides you now maintain us at a vast Charge whereas did we make our Enemies Country the seat of the War we would maintain our selves at their Expence I confess did greater Dangers threaten us there then here we might have some colour to choose the safest Place But since they will certainly be the same Men whether we expect their coming and fight them here to whether we pass their Frontiers and meet them there and we our selves shall be equally able to oppose them whether we stay here to receive them or march out against them and give them Battel Nay in truth we shall find our Men much more forward and daring if we be the Invaders and don 't seem afraid to look the Enemy in the Face And they likewise will so much the more dread us when they understand we don't sit at home like a faint-hearted People for fear of them but upon the first Notice of their coming against us we presently march out to meet and fight them not lingring at home till our own Country be harass'd and destroy'd but prevent that by first laying theirs waste Now I conceive that to make them more timorous or our selves more bold will be to us a matter of very great Consequence for by this means I reckon the Danger on our side will be less and on the Enemies considerably greater Besides 't is a common saying with my Father and with you also which every one else likewise takes for granted that a Man may better judge of the Issue of a Battel by the Courage and Resolution of the Hearts than by the bodily Strength of the Combatants So spake Cyrus and Cyaxares thus â—…eply'd I would neither have you O Cyrus not the rest of the Persâ—…ns entertain any such Thoughts of me as if I quarter'd you here grudgingly and with regret Nevertheless I esteem it most advisable in every respect that we immediately fall into the Enemies Country Since then quoth Cyrus we are both upon the same point let us be all in a readiness with Bagg and Baggage and if the divine Sacrifices quickly favour our Design let us as speedily set forward This said having given the Souldiers charge to prepare themselves he sacrific'd first to King Jupiter then to the rest of the Gods beseeching them that they would be propitious and favourable to them that they would vouchsafe to go forth with their Armies guide succour and assist them and in all things direct them for their Advantage and Good He implor'd likewise the Assistance of the Tutelar Demi Gods Inhabitants and Guardians of Media When he had fortunately finish'd his Sacrifice and the whole Army was now assembled on the Frontiers encourag'd by Auspicious Presages he invaded the Enemies Land No sooner had he pass'd the Marches but he pour'd out Propitiatory Offerings upon the Earth and by Sacrifice appeas'd the Gods and Demi-Gods Patrons and Inhabitants of Assyria This done he sacrific'd yet once more to Jupiter the Protector of his Nation nor did he neglect any other God that came in his Way All things having thus prosperously succeeded the Foot presently advanc'd by easie Marches and encampt whilst the Horse making frequent Inroads into the Country brought off abundance of Spoil and Booty Furnish'd thus with store of Provison they dislodg'd thence and encamp'd farther to wait the Enemies coming still ravaging the Country all along as they went Now when Cyrus had Intelligence that the Enemy was advanc'd within ten Days March
'T is high time quoth he Cyaxares to set forward and meet them that we neither give occasion to them nor to our own Souldiers to think we are afraid to go out against them but rather let us evidence to them both that we come with all Cheerfulness and Resolution to fight them This Cyaxares approv'd of and henceforward they mov'd alwaies in Battalia making longer or easier Marches as they thought fit They supp'd still by Day-light They never made any Fires in the Night time within the Camp but without the Camp they did that by the Advantage of the Light thereof they might be able themselves undiscern'd to discover whether any one came toward them in the Night They would oftentimes kindle Fires behind the Camp to amuse the Enemies so that now and then their Scouts would fall in among our Out-Guards perswading themselves by the distance of the Fire that the Camp was a great way off Now when both Armies drew near each other the Assyrians and their Confederates a thing practis'd even at this Day among those Barbarian Kings fortified themselves with a Trench which they always do when ever they lye encamp'd and that with a great deal of ease by reason of their vast Numbers For they know very well that a Troop of Horse-men especially Barbarians is very troublesom and unserviceable in the Night their Horses being alwayes tyed by the Feet to the Manger so that upon any sudden surprise they would find it very difficult to unloose and bridle them and no less troublesom to saddle and harness them and at last to mount them and ride through the Camp utterly impossible All this consider'd they as well as other Barbarous Nations use thus to entrench themselves believing that being so strongly fenc'd and fortifi'd they can't be oblig'd to fight but when they please Whilst this was doing the Armies were advanc'd somewhat near one another not distant above a Persian Mile the Assyrians lying encamp'd as has been said within a strong Entrenchment but very open and expos'd to view But Cyrus pitch'd his Tents in as close and secret a Place as he could raising up Rampires and Mounts of Earth afront his Camp knowing that all Warlike Preparations the more surprising they are the more do they terrifie and amaze the Enemy So for that Night after their Sentinels were set both Armies betook themselves to their Repose The Day following the King of Assyria Graesus and the rest of the Captains kept their Army quiet within their Trenches But Cyrus and Cyaxares stood in Battalia ready to fight expecting when the Enemy would come out But when they knew for certain that the Enemy would not quit their Trenches nor come to Battel that Day Cyaxares calling to him Cyrus and the rest of the chief Captains spake unto them as follows I think it advisable my Friends that we march in this posture imbattled as we are to our Enemies Trenches and let them know we are very desirous to fight them For if upon this they refuse to come forth against us our Men will attaque them with greater Vigour and Courage and they seeing us so resolute and daring will be so much the more disheartned Thus he deliver'd his Opinion Then Cyrus For Heavens sake said he I beseech you Cyaxares let us attempt no such thing For if we should march out now and shew our selves to the Enemy as you advise us they will look upon us with a kind of contempt not fearing us in the least because they know themselves so securely fortified against our Assaults that nothing can hurt them then if we draw off again without effecting any thing they will presently disdain and scorn us seeing us so much inferiour to them in Number and the next Day sally out upon us with greater Resolution and Assurance But as Matters now stand knowing we are so near yet not seeing us believe me they are not forward to despise us but wonder what we mean and I dare assure you we are very much the Subject of their Debates Whereas if they come forth on their own accord it will then behoove us not only to let them see but feel what we are falling upon them immediately in that very Place where we would gladly have fought them before When Cyrus had thus spoke not only All the rest but even Cyaxares himself applauded his Counsel Then after having sup'd the Watch being set and Fires kindled before the Camp they retir'd to their Rest. The next Morning early Cyrus crown'd with a Chaplet came forth to sacrifice commanding the rest of the Persian Nobility to appear in the same dress and attend at the Solemnity These Ceremonies perform'd he spake to the Assembly to this Effect The Gods my Friends as the Sooth-sayers declare and I my self am verily perswaded foreshew a Battel at hand and not only promise us Victory but by the Sacrifices to assure us of Safety Now for me to exhort you how to behave your selves in this juncture I suppose will be needless for I am abundantly satisfied you know that as well as I having already hear'd and study'd and still hearing and practising this no less than my self so that herein you may justly pretend to instruct others But if you are yet to seek if you are yet to be inform'd hearken to me These our new-listed Associates if we have a Zeal to make them like our selves must be put in mind for what end Cyaxares has maintain'd us what kind of Exercises we have been train'd up in to what purpose we have animated and provok'd them to declare themselves ready to share with us the Danger and Fortune of the War You must likewise remember them that this is the Day which will signalize every Man according to his Merits For 't is not to be admir'd at if they that begin late to learn stand in need of one to encourage and advise them But well it is when Men behave themselves valiantly tho quickned thereunto and excited by others Besides your encouraging them will be an evident Proof of your own Worth For he that can upon such Emergencies as these infuse Resolution and Valour into others may very justly believe that he himself is already a most absolute Master of the same But if he be only a Remembrancer to himself and his Monitions have no further Influence he can't reasonably believe but that he is yet half way short of Perfection Upon this Account it is that I don't direct my Discourse to them but leave that Charge wholly to you that they also may endeavour so to acquit themselves as to be approv'd by you For you are near them and converse with them every Man in his proper Station And know this that so long as you convince them that you are bold and couragious so long do you teach them to behave themselves valiantly not by Precept only but Example This Discourse he clos'd up with his Commands that they should sit
confide in these Mens Resolutions though they have been train'd up and exercis'd with us but that I see you ready in your own Persons to give them Examples what they ought to be and also able to inform them wherein they are deficient And to me Crysantas 't is no less wonderful that the graceful Delivery of an Oration should make raw undisciplin'd Men truly valiant than that a tuneful Melody sweetly sung should make them compleat Musicians who are utterly unacquainted with the Art Whilst matters were thus debating Cyaxares sent again to Cyrus to let him know he did very ill to make such delays and blam'd him for not marching directly against the Enemy But Cyrus sent back the Messengers with this Answer Acquaint Cyaxares quoth he that there is not yet a sufficient number of our Enemies come forth of their Camp and this be sure you tell him in the hearing of the whole Army Nevertheless seeing it is his Pleasure I will instantly march This said having first made his Supplications to the Gods he led forth his Army Now when he began to lead them on a great pace he himself marching in the Head of them his Souldiers all follow'd him in Battalia as having by long Experience and Practice perfectly learn'd to keep such Order They march'd on briskly too because there was a kind of Emulation amongst them their Body 's were hardned and inur'd to Travel and all their Leaders were principal Commanders They advanc'd likewise with a great deal of Cheerfulness because they were expert and knowing For they understood well enough what they had learn't long before that it was the easiest and safest way to charge the Enemy close especially if they were Archers Darters or Horsemen Whilst therefore they were yet out of Arrows-shot Cyrus gave them the signal Jupiter our Protector and Leader Which when it had pass'd through the Army and back again to him he began a solemn Hymn to Castor and Pollux in which the whole Host very devoutly bare a part with him singing with a loud Voice For they that at such a juncture are thus superstitiously given stand so much the less in fear of Men. This Solemnity being ended the Nobles march'd on cheerfully together as being perfectly instructed in the Art of War And looking round about one upon another they call'd their Friends and Followers by name encouraging them by the frequent Repetition of these Words now beloved Friends now valiant Fellow Souldiers to bear up briskly against the Enemy Which when they in the Rere heard they likewise animated and exhorted their Leaders to march on boldly So that the whole Army of Cyrus was full of Alacrity Emulation Vigour Resolution Exhortation Temperance and Obedience than which nothing can be a more terrible Sight to an Enemy But of the Assyrian Army those that came first out of their Intrenchment to begin the Battel as soon as the Persian Host drew near mounted their Chariots and retir'd into the main Body Their Archers Darters and Slingers discharged at the Enemy sooner than they could possibly reach them Now when the Persians were so far advanc'd that they trod upon the Enemies Arrows Cyrus said with a loud Voice Most valiant Captains let some one amongst you immediately step forth and by some notable Exploit animate and encourage the rest Which Words passing from them to others some out of a courageous Forwardness and Zeal to fight began to run and were seconded by all the rest of the Army Cyrus also himself forgetting his walking-March ran now at the Head of them crying out Who follows Who is the most daring Who first kills his Man Which the rest hearing did the same So that the whole Army resounded with this pathetick Exhortation Who will follow Who dares be courageous Thus warm'd and excited the Persians fell on and charg'd the Enemy fiercely who not being able to maintain their Ground turn'd their Backs and fled to their Rampiers The Persians pursu'd them closely to the very entrance of their Camp where they slew many of them thronging hard one upon another Those that fell into the Trenches they leap'd down upon them and slew them Horse and Man Some of their Chariots likewise in their flight were forc'd into the Ditches Which when the Median Cavalry perceiv'd they fell furiously upon the Enemies Horse and made them give way Hereupon began a desperate pursuit both of Horse and Men with a mighty slaughter of both The Assyrians within the Camp who were got up to the top of the Rampier had neither Will nor Power to shoot at those that made such Havock of them So dreadful was the Spectacle and so astonish'd were they with Fear Nay presently when they understood some of the Persians had by a breach forcibly entred their Intrenchments they quitted their Posts and fled Now when the Wives of the Assyrians and their Confederates saw them flye even in their own Camp they skrieck'd out and ran up and down like People distracted Matrons as well as Virgins rent their Garments tore their own Flesh and begg'd of those they met with not to run away and leave them helpless but to protect their Children their Wives and themselves At last the Kings also with a Reserve of the most trusty Men they had came to the very entrance of the Camp and mounting the Rampiers both fought themselves in Person and likewise encourag'd others so â—…o do Cyrus understanding what was done and fearing lest if they should violently break in upon them they being inferiour in Number might suffer by them He sounded a retreat commanding them upon their Obedience to draw out of Arrow-shot There one might have seen how admirably the Nobility had been educated For they not only readily obey'd themselves but immediately commanded the rest to do the like And no sooner were they out of the Enemies reach but every man rang'd himself in his proper Place as easily and readily as in any Dance because they all knew perfectly their own Stations The End of the Third Book Xenophon's Institution AND Life of CYRUS the Great BOOK IIII. WHEN Cyrus had kept his Forces together some time and declared that his Men were in a Posture to fight if the Enemy would quit their Trenches which none doing he withdrew his men at such a distance from them as he judg'd convenient for his Purpose When having pitch'd his Camp and set his Watch and sent abroad his Scouts he himself appearing in the midst of them made a Speech to the Souldiers that were assembled to this Effect In the first place I praise the Deities of Persia and I suppose you do the same that we have gained the Victory with safety and security And for this it becomes us to pay our Acknowledgments to the Gods according to our Abilities And for you I cannot but commend you All. For what is pass'd hath been purchased by you very honourably But when I have enquir'd of such as are concern'd
the Command of the Chariots cast lots and to whomsoevers turn it falls let him place his hundred Chariots before the Body of the Army As for the other Centuries of Chariots let one of them take to the Right-Wing and the other to the left Thus did Cyrus dispose of all things Then Abradatas the King of the Susans told Cyrus that if he pleas'd he would willingly take to the other opposite part of the Army Whereupon Cyrus wondring at the man took him by the Hand and ask'd the other Persians that were in the Chariots whether they would yield to it They giving their approbation of the thing he determin'd the business by Lot and so that fell to Abradatas by fortune which he had before took upon himself So he took his station just over against the Egyptians This being over and care taken of the things before mention'd they were dismiss'd every one to Supper and when they had set a Watch they betook themselves to their rest The next day following in the morning Cyrus offer'd Sacrifice But all the Army after they had dined and likewise done Sacrifice arm'd and provided themselves putting on many brave Coats of Male and Head-pieces they armed also their Horses with Frontlets and Breast-plates The Horses that carried single had their Thighs arm'd but the Teem-Horses their Sides So the whole Army shined in their Armour and Scarlet Habit The Chariots of Abradatas had four Draught-Trees and was drawn by eight Horses very richly adorn'd And as he was about to put on a Breast-Plate cover'd over with white Linnen after his Country fashion Panthea brought him a Golden Helmet and a Gaunlet and a Scarlet Coat that reach'd down to his Feet hanging all in Folds like a Gown and a Crest of Violet Colour These she provided for her Husband privately and order'd them to be made according to the size of his other Armour He was mightily affected at the sight and ask'd Panthea whether she had cut up the Ornaments of her Head to make him this Armour No truly said Panthea not that Ornament which I most esteem For you if you approve your self to others as you appear to me are like to be my greatest Ornament With that she put on his Armour for him and altho she refrain'd what she could yet the Tears began to trickle down her Cheeks Abradatas tho' of a good presence before yet after he was dress'd up in this Armour look'd very Gallant and brave being naturally of a Generous manly Aspect And when he had took the Reins of the lower Coach-man he prepared himself to ascend into his Chariot Then Panthea desiring those who were present to withdraw My Abradatas says she if ever any Woman valued her Husband above her own Soul I believe you are convinced that I am one of them What need therefore have I to mention particulars For I think the actions which I have done for you will find more credit with you then any words I can now utter But altho I am thus affected toward you as you know yet I swear both by your love and my own that I would rather be buried with you after you have acquitted your self bravely then to live with you upon any dishonorable terms I have so much Honour both for my self and you Moreover I would have you consider that we are mightily indebted to Cyrus for as much as after I was reduced to the Fortune of a Slave and set apart for himself he would not use me as a Woman of a Servise Condition nor yet dishonour me as free But after he took me he kept me for you as if I had been his own Brothers Wife Besides when Araspas who was my Keeper revolted from him I promised him that if he would give me leave to send to you you should come to him and prove more noble and faithful to him then ever Araspas was Thus she said to him where at Abradatas mov'd with a pleasing wonder touching his Head and looking up to Heaven grant O Jupiter says he that I may shew my self a worthy Husband to Panthea and a worthy Friend to Cyrus who has dealr thus honourably with us When he had thus said he went up into his Chariot And when after his ascent the Coach-man had shut fast the Seat Panthea having now no other way to embrace him kiss'd the very Seat And now the Chariot drove on and she follow'd after privately till Abradatas looking back and seeing her bad her chear up and take her leave of him Then her Eunuchs and waiting Maids took her aside and put her into a Bed in the Tent. But altho Abrodatas and his Chariot made a fine glorious shew yet people could hardly be at leisure to take notice of it till Panthea was retired But when Cyrus had ended his addresses to Heaven and the Army was Marshall'd according as he gave order calling together the Commanders of his Army he thus address'd himself to them The Gods My Friends and Fellow Souldiers give us such discoveries in the intrails of our Sacrifices as they did when they gave us the last Victory But however I will put you in mind of such things which if lodg'd safe in your memory will make you go much the chearfuller to the Battle For in the first place you are better train'd up in War then your Enemies and besides you have been longer at it and withall have been lately flush'd up with a Victory But many of the Enemy have seen one another overcome And as for those of either side who were never yet in an engagement those of the Enemy's Army know that they have Traytors and Renegades to their Fellow-Souldiers whereas you who are with us are assured that you have those to fight with you who will be ready to help their Fellows And 't is to be expected that they should fight unanimously who confide in one another but as for those that distrust each other their greatest concern will be how to sculk away Let us march on therefore Fellow-Souldiers with our armed Chariots against the unarm'd ones of the Enemy and fight near at hand with our armed Horses and Horse-men against the unarm'd You have the same Foot to encounter which you had before and the Aegyptians are arm'd and marshall'd after the same manner as they were before Their Shields are too great for them either to see any thing or do any thing and being divided into hundreds they must necessarily be an hindrance one to another But if they think to bear us down with multitude they must first stand the shock of our Horses and then of our Iron Instruments And if any of them should maintain their ground against these yet how will they be able to contend against our Horse our Body and our Towers For those Men of ours who are placed in the Towers will be able to Succour us and by doing Execution upon the Enemy make them more inclinable to despair then willing to
way that Abradatas with some of those that made this onset with him was thrown out of his Chariot And so these after they had for a while behaved themselves like men were cut down and kill'd But the Persians following hard after broke in upon the Place where Abradatas with his company charg'd the Enemy and made a Slaughter among them that were disorder'd The Egyptians as many as were unbroken among them and truly they were a great many made directly against the Persians And now commenced a cruel fight with Lances Darts and Swords The Egyptians had the advantage both as to number and Weapons For their Spears were firm and long such as they have at this day among them And their Shields which were fastned to their Shoulders cover'd their Bodies more and serv'd to keep off any hurt better then Coats of Male. Wherefore they advanced with their Shields shut close together and carried all before them The Persians could no longer stand their Ground but retreated leasurely still fighting and receiving Wounds as they went till they came under the Engins When they were come thither the Egyptians were then wounded from the Towers And now neither the Archers nor those that flung Darts could have opportunity of retreating for those in the Rear But were forc'd to stand to 't with their Swords and their Arrows and Darts And now there was a great Slaughter of Men a great clattering of Armour and all sorts of Weapons and a great cry some calling out upon one another some incouraging one another some imploring the help of the Gods In the mean while Cyrus comes from the pursuit of those that were opposite to his Company And when he saw the Persians had lost ground he was troubled and perceiving that there was no better way to stop the further Progress of the Enemy then by attacquing their Rear he commands those that were with him to follow him and sets upon them in the Rear And here he did great Execution upon them Which when the Egyptians perceiv'd they cryed out that the Enemy was behind and chang'd their posture as they were fighting Then the Horse and the Foot fought promiscuously And it happen'd that one Horse-man fell under Cyrus his Horse and being trod upon run the Horse into the Belly with his Sword The Horse being wounded fell a wincing and threw off Cyrus Then did it appear what 't was for a Prince to be beloved by his Subjects For on a suddain they all cry'd out aloud and fell to it pell-mell justling one again another and wounding one another till at last one of Cyrus his Guard alighting from his Horse put Cyrus upon him But assoon as Cyrus was mounted again he saw great Execution done upon the Egyptians on all sides For Hystaspas was now come with the Persian Horse and also Chrysantas But these he would not suffer to press home upon the Egyptian Squadron but bad them shoot at them at a distance But after that he was come as far as the Engins he had a mind to get up into one of the Towers that he might see whether any other of the Enemies Forces stood their ground and fought Assoon as he was got up he saw the Field was full of Men and Chariots some flying some persuing some conquering some yielding his Enemies flying and his own conquering But of the conquer'd he could see none appear besides the Egyptians These being hardly put to 't huddled themselves together into a Ring so that nothing appear'd but their Arms and sate under their Shields And this was all that they were able to do but in the mean time they were all upon the suffering Hand Cyrus admiring their Fortitude thought it great pitty that such brave men should die at that manner Commanded his Men to retreat and would not suffer any of them to fight against them any more But sent an Herauld to them with this proposal Whether they would rather die for them that deserted them or be saved with Honour as being brave Men To which they reply'd But how can we be saved and withall secure the Reputation of stout men still To which Cyrus return'd Because we are Witnesses how you maintain'd your Ground alone and fought to the last But upon what Condition may we be preserv'd Upon this only reply'd Cyrus that you yield up your Arms and enter into a League of amity with those who when 't was in their Power to kill you chose rather to spare you When they heard this they ask'd again But to what Service will you employ us if we League with you Why says Cyrus I will benefit you and be benefitted by you Then said the Aegyptians And what benefits do you mean To which Cyrus I will give you a larger stipend then that which you now serve for as long as 't is War-time And when 't is peace whoever of you are minded to remain with me I will give them Ground and Cities Wives and Slaves When the Egyptians heard this they desired that this only might be excepted that they should not be put upon 't to fight against Craesus For him only they could forgive So upon all the rest they were agreed and plighted their Faith mutually to each other And so that Remnant of the Egyptians which was then preserv'd remain still in the Service of the King And Cyrus gave them Cities in the higher parts of the Country which are call'd to this day the Cities of the Egyptians Such as are Larissa and Cyllene by Cluma bordering upon the Sea which their Posterity now enjoy Cyrus having dispatch'd these affairs return'd by night and incamp'd at Thyribare In this Battel the Egyptians were the only men among the Enemies Army that came off with any credit And of Cyrus his Souldiers the Horse seem'd to do best So that the Armour is kept to this day wherewith Cyrus arm'd his Horsemen Moreover the Hooked-Chariots perform'd so well that those Warlike kind of Chariots are retain'd in use by the King at this day All the good which the Camels did was only to frighten the Horses For as those that rod upon them kill'd none of the Horsemen so neither were they kill'd by the Horsemen themselves because no Horse would dare to come near them And in this respect they were something useful but however now ' â—…s out of fashion for great Men to keep Camels for their use or to exercise themselves in fighting from them They are now put to their Primitive Work of carrying Burthens Now when Cyrus his Souldiers had supp'd and placed the Guard they betook themselves to their rest Craesus with his Army made directly towards Sardes Those of other Nations went every one as far homeward as they could that night Assoon as it was day Cyrus led his Army directly against Sardes And assoon as he came to the Walls he erected his Engins and Ladders against the Works At length he had made way for the Persians and Chaldeans
then they used the Discipline and Continence of the Persians and the gallantry and spruceness of the Medes but now they have let fall the Persian Discipline and retain the Median Luxury Of which I will give a little description In the first place they are not contented to have soft Down Beds but even the feet of the Bed must rest upon Tapestry for the pleasure of a yeilding softness Then as for their Cookery nothing of the former inventions is abated and new Arâ—…ices are found out In the Winter time 't is not enough for them to have their Head Body or Feet cover'd but they must wear thick Furrs home to the very ends of their Fingers In the Summer they are not contented with shady Walks and cool Grotts but they must have Men stand by and hold Umbrella's over their Heads If they have great store of Plate they pride themselves mightily in shewing it but to have gotten it by indirect means that they reckon no scandal at all For they are quite over-run with Injustice and Covetousness 'T was a custom with them formerly never to take Journies on Foot and that for no other rea on but to train them up to riding But now they have more Cloaths upon their Horses then upon their Beds for their Care is not to learn to ride well but to sit easily Now as for their Military Exercises how can they otherwise chuse but be much worse then they were For before 't was a custom that all those who had Estates should supply so many Horsemen for the Militia and that the Garrison Men should fight for pay in the defence of their Country But now the Porters Bakers Cooks Butlers Keepers of the Bains those that set the Meat upon the Table and take away those who have them to Bed and call them up a mornings those who Paint them and make every thing sit neat about them these are the Men whom the Magistrates pick out for Horsemen And these indeed serve to make up a number of Men but there is no use of them at all in War as appears by what they do For Cyrus took them out of the number of the light-Harness'd Souldiers and arm'd both them and their Horses and gave every one of them a Javelin that so he might use them in close fighting Now they neither skirmish with the Enemy nor fight Hand to Hand Their Foot-men have now their Holbards their Faulchions and their Axes with which they may fight as they did in Cyrus his time but even these don't dare to ingage Neither do they use their hook'd Chariots to those purposes for which Cyrus design'd them For he had good stout well disciplin'd Coach-men to make an onset upon the Body of the Enemy whereas the Persians that are now adays put up them whom they don't so much as know and think that such raw undisciplin'd Fellows are able to cope with those that are well Disciplin'd And these indeed do sometimes adventure to drive in upon the Enemy but before they can get within them either they fall out of the Coach-Box or leap down of their own accord And then their Chariots having lost their Drivers do more prejudice to their own Party then to the Enemy For when they perceive how poorly they are provided for War they yield up themselves Neither will any of them make War without the assistance of the Graecians whether they are to fight against one another or against the Graecians themselves And thus I think I have made good the Charge which I undertook viz. That the Persians and their Co-habitants are now less Religious towards the Gods less affectionate toward their Relations more unjust towards others and more effeminate in War than before If any one be of a contrary Perswasion let him consider their Actions and he shall find that they justify the Character which I give of them FINIS 1 Hesych in voce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 de Longâ—…vis 3 Laerâ—… in â—…a Soâ—… 1 Laert. in vita Plat. 2 Strab. Georg 1. 9. 3 Sir Walter Rawleigh Lord Bacon c. 1 Xenoph. Exped 1.2 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Laert 3 Pausan Attic. 4 Var. 1. 3. 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 Epist. ad Matridem 3 Epist. ad â—…n Pomeium 2 Ciceronâ—… Quest. Tuâ—… cul 3. 3 Ciceron Epist. ad Quinct Fratrem * Hermog de form dict Xenoph 4 Tom. 2. pag. 130. Cicero de Orator l. 2. 1 By some learned Men thought to be Aristides Adâ—…anensis 2 Orat. just l. 10. c. 1. 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 A People of Scythia Asiatica Ptol. 1. 6. â—…ap 13. 2 Philelphus vetus Interp. legit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who are a People of the Inner Asia Ort. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus's Parentage and Education The Persian Laws 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Or Courts The Childrens Exercise 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Youth how employ'd 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Mens Exercise 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Duty of the Elders A Summary of the foregoing Discourse Cyrus's Childhood 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 His Discourses at Supper 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Cyaxares Cyrus willing to tarry in Media The Judgment of Cyrus His witty Answer 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Cyaxare his Mothers Brother Cyrus a Lover of Hunting 1 Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Whelp Cyrus first puts on Armour Cyrus's seasonable advice 1 Cyaxares Cyrus's Gallanâ—…y His Rashness and Boldness He is call'd home by his Father Cyrus Liberality The Persians salute their Kindred with a Kiss Cyrus returns into Persia. 1 Or Children Astyages his Death The beginning of the Assyrian War 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus Commander of the Persian Forces 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 His Oration to the Chieftains of the Army Virtue grows greater by commendation 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Divining by Birds Cambyses's Discourse with Cyrus his Son We ought in Prosperity chiefly to implore God's Assistance How hard it is to govern well The Care a General ought to have in making Provision for his Army The way how he may do it 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as is commonly read 1 Precepts for well ordering a Family Diverse Rules for a Commander to observe 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Of Physick 2 Region How a Prince is to gain â—…he Obedience of his People 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Cicero in Tusc. Quaest. l. 2. One that taught Hâ—…nesty and Dishonesty 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so Lycurgus in Plutarch calls his Laws 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diverse Stratagems of War Of joyning Battel in open field 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉