Van-guard to guard the Waggons Next marched the Battail of Foot consisting of four Regiments and after them as before three Waggons with 3000 pound of Powder and one with 1000 pound of Match and one with 1000 pound of Musquet-bullets with empty bags as aforesaid After them followed the Reer-guard of the Foot Then the Waggons belonging to his Highness the States and all the Officers of the Army as also of the Foot-voluntiers Next the Ammunition Materials and other necessaries belonging to the Army upon 485 Waggons under the Command of Commissary Martien followed by four Troops of Horse Then the Ammunition and necessaries belonging to the Artillery under Commissary Bockbout After followed the rest of the Artillery to wit twelve Half-cannon six Chambred-pieces of twenty four pound Bullet twenty four Drakes of six pound Bullet and twenty four of three pound Next came the Officers and Train belonging to the Artillery After them one Company of Pioniers with fifty Fire-locks and one Waggon loaden with Victuals then the Commissary of the Vivers with 100 Waggons loaden with bread and provision After him eight Troops of Horse followed with one Waggon loaden with 1000 pound of Powder and one with 1000 pound of Match as also empty Bags to deal the Powder Then a Lieutenant with a Guard as is aforesaid And last of all six Troops of Horse Note that his Highness in place of this Lieutenant and his Guard doth usually appoint a Regiment of Foot to come in the Reer to guard the Waggons How to pass a strait WHen you come to any Passage or Strait Let your Van-Guard make a Halt until the rest of the Army be come up and drawn in order of Battle and then divide the Troops and fit them to the bredth of the place you are to pass through and let every Troop when it is passed put it self into the same order it was in before it came to the Strait and advance so far forwards as that the Troops that follow may have room likewise to draw in order and then stand until all the Army be come thorow If the passage be Woody where no discovery can be made send not above twenty or thirty Horse before for discovery of the Passage in Front but let the rest of the Horse of the Van-guard march between the Van-guard and Battle of Foot until they be past the Strait The manner of passing a River IF you be to pass a River and that the Enemy be not at the Passage but on his way to hinder you First draw your Army in Battalia and plant some pieces of Artillery in places most advantageous to succour your Troops in their passage and if you find that he is stronger then you in Foot let your Horse pass first over and chuse a fit place to stand neer the way that the Enemy is to come and let them send some light-light-Horse before to discover then let your Van-guard of Foot with some Field pieces follow and find a place to stand in Battalia after it let the Battle march and place it self on the left hand of the Van-guard then the Reer-guard which shall likewise take the left hand of the Battle each with their Field-pieces belonging to them The Troops being past the rest of the Ordnance with their Train shall follow then the baggage of the great Officers and lastly the baggage of the Troops in the order of March. But if your Enemies chief strength consist in Horse then shall you send no more Horse over then shall be fit for discovery but let the Van-guard of the Foot pass first and after it the Horse belonging to the Van-guard which shall place themselves in Battalia on the right hand of the Foot then shall follow the Battle which must stand on the left hand of the Van-guard after it the Horse of the Battle which shall cover the Flank of the Battle until the Foot of the Reer-guard be come up and then they shall edge to the left hand and leave room for the Reer to come in between them and the Battle and stand on the left Wing which is their due place then shall follow the Horse of the Reer which must be divided indifferently between the two Wings and last of all shall march the Artillery Ammunition and baggage in the order aforesaid If you be to pass a River and have an Enemy at your back when you have made your Bridge send over eight or ten Pieces and place them in places most convenient to annoy your Enemy if he offer to come to trouble you and then cast up a Horn-work or fair half Moon upon the side you are on and place therein five or six Field-pieces then let the rest of your Ordnance be drawn over and planted likewise on the other side in places most commodious for the advantage aforesaid After them shall follow your Ammunition and baggage then the Horse and lastly the Foot in good order bringing with them the Pieces left in the Works which shall pass safely under the Command of the Ordnance planted on the other side and break up the bridge after them Having thus far proceeded I should in the next place let you see a List of the Ammunitions Materials and other Warlike provisions which the Prince of Orange takes with him in Shipping when he goes to the Field as also what he takes out of it to be carried upon Waggons when he marcheth by Land with the Waggons thereto necessary But since I have first spoken of the marching of an Army with eight half-Cannon six quarter-Cannon and sixteen Field-pieces I will set down what Ammunition and other things are needful to march with them allowing every half-Cannon to shoot an 150 shot every quarter-Cannon 100 and every Field-piece 80. A List of Ammunition and other necessaries to March with eight half-Cannon six quarter-Cannon and sixteen Field-pieces allowing every half-Cannon 150 Shot every quarter-Cannon 100. and every Field-piece 80. with the number of Waggons thereto needful BUllets for half-Cannon 1200 whereof 40 upon a Waggon 30 Waggons Bullets for quarter-Cannon 600 upon each waggon 80 8 Waggons Bullets for the Field-pieces 1280 upon each waggon 160 8 Waggons Powder 24400 24 Waggons Boxes for Cartridges 160 upon each waggon 40 4 Waggons Capravens or great Joysts 30 upon each waggon 10 3 Waggons Small Joysts 40 upon each waggon 20 2 Waggons Oaken planks for bedding 60 upon each waggon 10 6 Waggons Deal or Firr-planks 100 upon each waggon 25 4 Waggons Spars of all sorts 100 upon each waggon 50 2 Waggons Two Bucks-heads or Gins with the appurtenances belonging to them to mount and dismount the Pieces 2 Waggons For Hurdles 4 Waggons For spare Ladles Rammers Spunges and Leavers 1 Waggon For Traces Lines to draw Ordnance and Collars for Horses 3 Waggons For the preparation for Ropes 1 Waggon For the Harness-maker and his Tools 1 Waggon For Spades Shovels Axes Hatchets Chopping-knives and Mattocks 3 Waggons For Lanthorns Candles Lamps Tucks Greace and other like
doubt he had lost his Country In a word if you fight you set your fortune upon the Dice if you husband your business warily the storm will over If you be an undertaker the sooner you bring your Cause to trial the better you are like to speed delays are dangerous for change of Air Diet and other inconveniencies may breed sickness and divers ill humors in your Army and if your Enemy will not fight but make a Fabian or lingring War he may put you to your shifts therfore first acquaint your self with the strength and quality of your Enemies forces with the state of his Country with his own disposition and the disposition of those that are neerest about him and before you declare your self gain some of his great men if it be possible to take your part maintain good Spies in his Court. Forecast all that can further or hinder your design before you undertake it and let your Cause be just left you draw the vengeance of God and jealousie of other Princes upon you In your preparation let your first care be of the belly want of Victuals hath been the loss of many a brave design and the ruine of great Armies Let your men be well trained and such as have been used to exercise and labour if you can let them be all of your own Subjects provide plenty of materials and other necessaries for your design and use the means to begin your War with some notable loss to your Enemy so shall you terrify him and discourage his Allyes and friends from giving him assistance When you come to fight chuse ground as neer as you can to fight upon proper for the number and quality of your men if you be strong in Horse chuse champion if your strength be on foot and that you want Horse chuse uneven bushy or inclosed ground and place some Muskettiers in the distances between those Troops you have which may advance and give fire upon the Enemies Horse if they offer to charge cover one of your Flanks if you can with some River Morass or Wood. Make your Front so large that your Enemy may not be able with his Wings to charge you in Flank Let your Battalions be small as of five or six hundred at the most which may nimbly move charge retire or succour each other at their pleasures for great Bodies are unweildy and being forced to move cannot keep their order unless the ground be very even for upon uneven ground they will either fall foul or be forced to open and if an Enemy can then make use of his advantage and charge they are easily broken and being broken are irrecoverable whereas small Troops although they break may under the favour and succour of their seconds put themselves again in order and be able to do good service Use means to draw your Enemy off the ground he hath chosen to stand upon it may to your advange perhaps bring some disorder in his Troops Be sure to have store of Seconds and always keep some Troops in reserve rather give then attend the charge it will encourage your own men and dishearten the Enemy Charge on that hand you think your self the strongest Let the distances between the Battalions as also between the Terâ—â—a's of your Army be carefully kept and get the advantage of Sun and Wind if you can Of a Chase IF your Enemy turn his back and fly let the third part of your Van-guard Battail and Reer as also a third part of both the Wings of Horse be appointed for the Chase and let one third part of them so appointed chase the Enemy disbanded the rest following in their order to succour the disbanded Troops if the Enemy should turn head and make resistance and let the other two thirds of the Army leisurely advance in good order to countenance the Troops in Chase if occasion should require When you would have the Chasers retire let the Drums and Trumpets of those Chasers that keep their order sound the Retreat that the disbanded Chasers may know where to find their Troops and if it be night let the Drums and Trumpets of the rest of the Army likewise sound And let there be fires made in divers places in the Army whereby all the Chasers may the better find the way to their Quarter Of a Retreat TO make a good Retreat is one of the Master-pieces of a General nor is it dishonorable for him to take the advantage of any time that he finds useful for the safety of his Army and good of the Cause although some young Souldiers more hardy then wise think it a disparagement to retire in the night but he that will not retire in the night when reason and the benefit of his party doth require may stay and be beaten in the day Many Examples there are in Histories of Armies that have been lost by such gallantry and their party thereby ruined There is no experienced General so indiscreet or ill advised as to follow a retiring Enemy with his Gross in the night especially if he find him retire in good order for so he may be drawn into Ambuscadoes or his enemy may wait for him in places of advantage and do him an affront and what knows he when he finds the Retreat made orderly but his Enemy seeks to draw him out purposely to intrap him by this means the party retiring may before day get into a place of safety whereas if he retire by day his Enemy may safely follow him with his whole Army and pass upon all advantages whereof he shall find plenty in a well-ordered Army if he know how to make use of them and take his opportunity I therefore conclude that to retire by night without sound of Drum with matches covered or to use any other secret way to avoid an Enemy when occasion doth require is not dishonorable but the duty of a good Captain The Order that the Prince of Orange retired in from Gelders FIrst He possessed a high piece of Ground that lay half-way between Gelders and Rhineberk to which Town he was resolved to March and lodged there 2000 men well intrenched with some pieces of Ordnance then he made ready three ways for the Tertia's of the Army to march in Front before the Troops began to march he sent away the Baggage and great Ordnance with some part of the Ammunition An hour before day or thereabouts he gave Order that the Army should march and the three Tertia's drew out of the Quarter without sound of Drum and marched in even Front about 200 paces distant from each other until they came an English mile or more from the Quarter and then Command was given that the Drums should beat In the Reer of each Tertia came ten or twelve Field-pieces with Ammunition and all other necessaries belonging to them On either Flank marched sixteen Troops of Horse and after the Foot at a large distance came the rest of the Horse In this Order did he
by Counter-march or by a Wheeling to bring their best Souldiers there to fight and likewise being debarred of room that they cannot double it nevertheless Facings are of such excellent use that they may with ease although standing at close Order turn every particular face to charge upon that part where they shall be assaulted by an enemy and farther this motion is performed with more facility then all the rest of the motions For in the others they alter the form of the Battail or changeth the place but in this they preserve both and it is ready for any attempt of an enemy if they should be charged all at once in Front Reer right and left Flanks they may be commanded so to face as to answer them all in every one of their charges Facings likewise are so necessary that they can hardly be spared in any other of the motions having relation in one kind or other to them all for to be used There is likewise farther to be understood that there are Entire-Facings and divisional Entire Facings are when they turn their Aspects all one way Divisional Facings are when they divert or turn their faces several ways as to the Front Reer and both Flanks all at one instant of time as shall be commanded There are likewise facings to the Front and Reer Angles that is to say of their outward and inward Angles Outward Angles are when they are commanded to face to the right Angle or to the left or both facing to the inward Angles as when they are commanded so as to face to the inward Angles towards the midst of Files There is likewise facing to the inward Angles towards the midst of Ranks as to the Center where note when there is any use of these Facings unto the inward Angles it is occasioned by some former words of command that hath made some large intervals in the midst of Ranks or Files and therefore they may give them such commands as these for to open or stand so that they may march and close again as at first This Facing to the Center I do conceive to be very useful when the Captain or Leader hath any thing of importance to speak unto the Company they standing at close order he may side-wise move down into the midst of the Ranks and Files and command them to face all to the Center they standing all round about him so close cannot chuse but hear and know what his pleasure and command will be and in obedience thereunto be very ready in performance for the execution of the same But before I come to set down the words of Command for Facings I shall desire all Leaders not to tye themselves up so as not to begin in their Exercise to command Facings until they have brought the Souldiers to stand at open order both in Rank and File as if it were not proper for them to command them to face till then Therefore rather for the reasons before set forth command them to chuse upon such close Distances to face that they may know the true use of them and at such times when they want ground that the other motions cannot be performed CHAP. XXVIII The words of Command for Facings Face to the RIght Left To both Flanks Right about Left about To Front and Reer Midst of Files Midst of Ranks Right Angle Left Angle Outward Angles in the Front Inward Angles in the Front Right Angle in the Reer Left Angle in the Reer Outward Angles in the Reer Inward Angles in the Reer Inward Angles of the right Flank Inward Angles of the left Flank Outward Angles both of Front and Reer Inward Angles both of Front and Reer Inward Angles of both the Flanks to the Center Front Reer and both Flanks from the Center To the outward Angles of Front and Reer from the Center As you were or To your Leader Having concluded the words of Command for performing of plain Facings there must be notice taken when any word of Command shall be given to face to any of the Reer-Angles they must be first faced to the Reer and they will make more easier performance of the same and likewise if any word of Command be given to face to the inward Angles upon the Flanks they must face them there likewise first and it will be easier fulfilled and likewise if any command be given to face to the four Angles or to Front Reer and Midst from the Center care must be first had that they may be first faced to the Center I might have proceeded a great deal farther in this place upon this Subject of Facings to have shewn several figures of Battail that might be produced and drawn forth affording much variety of forms and number and with much ease to be performed upon their several marchings according as they are ordered to face which might be very useful for service and affording much matter for any particular Exercise to use several firings upon the same But I shall have occasion in another place to make use of divers of them and setting them forth in the view when I shall begin to set down in any particular Leadings of my own which I have performed in our private meetings at Town-Ditch in London every Thursday-morning for the satisfaction of those loving Gentlemen who still do Exercise there and to such which shall come after CHAP. XXIX The many variety of Doublings with their parts and uses set forth for the practice of any Commander to make use of according unto his own discretion SInce there is in the true account no other dimension of a Battail but the Length and Depth so likewise it is to be understood that the Length of the Battail is doubled by the doublings of Ranks and half-Files and the Depth of the Battail is doubled by the doubling of Files and of the half-Ranks Now there are several Words of Command for the performance of each of these as to double Ranks and Files which do consist either of the doubling of number of men and persons and not of place or else the doubling both of number and place As for Example command either the Ranks the half-files or Bringers-up to double the Front to the right here only is the doubling of number of men and not of place for it adds but one man more to that hand whereunto they were commanded and gains but his particular place Again double Ranks to any hand entire or double the Front by the half-Files to the right entire it will be not only a doubling of the number of men but a doubling of the place and the Length of the Battail The use of doubling the Length of the Battail may be for two Reasons the one to over-wing an Enemy the other to avoid over-winging our selves Yet there must be care taken that in doubling of the Length that we fail not or be too weak in our Depth for the want of both either Length or Depth may be very dangerous to our selves and
may give great advantage to the Enemy For if there should want a sufficient Depth by gaining much Length in the Front we may perhaps be so weak there that an Enemy may quickly break through whereby much danger may ensue upon the same if not timely prevented by the discretion of the Commanders There is likewise in the doubling of Files or the half-Ranks doubling to either Flank a doubling of number of men and not of place carrying much variety of words of Command but the doubling of Files and of the left half-Ranks entire the Depth of the right Flank is not only a doubling of the number but a doubling of the place and Depth of the Battail In this doubling of the Depth care likewise must be had that we make not the Front too narrow lest we give opportunity to the Enemy to encircle and encompass it To conclude therefore take notice that Doublings were invented to strengthen any part of the Body that shall be weak whether in the Front or Reer-right-flank or left whether it be in number of men or place Length or Depth it is to be used according to the discretion of the Commander There is likewise farther to be considered in Doublings whether they double the number or place Length or Depth it is to be performed by one of these two either entire or divisional Doublings therefore I shall proceed and go on to shew what I conceive to be the properest way in the progress of them in a right order and therefore I will begin to set down the words of Command First to double the Front and so farther proceed to shew the Doublings of the Flanks And first of entire Doublings and next of the divisional and in the mean time I shall crave pardon from the courteous Souldier that I put not down several Pricks or Figures to set forth the same endeavouring rather to give him the words of Command for each particular Doubling with directions for performance of the same together with their several Reducements leaving it to his ingenious study and practice to make use of what he pleaseth where he may cull and chuse out such as shall be convenient and fit either for service or delight by the way advising him to retain in his memory what he intends to practise and not to meddle with any thing but what he assuredly knows will carry such weight and able reasons for their use and service as shall admit of no controlment from the judicious Souldier CHAP. XXX The words of Command for all Entire Doublings to the Front to be performed one time or other in time of Exercise Command RAnks to the right double Direction Every even Rank move forward with the right-leg and with three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the left double Or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the left double Direction Every even Rank from the Front move forwards with the left-leg and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right double or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the right and left double outward Direction Every even Rank move outward from the midst and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right and left double inward or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the right and left double inward Direction Every even Rank from the Front move inward from the Flanks and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right and left double outward or Ranks as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right Direction Half-files advance your Arms and move forwards to the right into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the left or Half-Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the left Direction Half-files advance forwards to the left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right or Half-Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Half-files advance forwards to the right and left from the midst and move up into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left inward or half-Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left inward Direction Half-files move forwards from the Flanks inward into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left outward or Half-Files as you were Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Direction Bringers-up advance your Arms and move forwards with the right leg into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Direction Bringers-up advance forward to the left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Bringers-up advance forward from the midst of the Reer to the right and left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left inward every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right and left inward Direction Bringers-up advance forwards from the Flanks inward into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left outward every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Double your Ranks to the right entire Direction Every even Rank from the Front face to the right march forth and double the odd Reducement Right half-Ranks double your left Flank or Ranks as you were Command Double your Ranks to the left entire Direction Every even Rank from the Front face to the left march forth and double the odd Reducement Left half-Ranks double your right-Flank or Ranks as you were Command Double your Ranks inward entire Direction Every even Rank from the Reer move away outward until you be clear of the standing part and after every even Rank from the Front move forwards and double the odd Reducement The inmost Files double your Flanks to the right and left outward and after close Command Double your Ranks to the right entire every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man Direction Every even Rank from the Front move away to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men and double the odd Ranks Reducement Right half-Ranks double your left-Flank every man placing himself on the inside of his left-hand-man Command Double your Ranks to the left entire every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Direction Every even Rank from the Front move away to the left and double the odd Ranks by placing your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Reducement Left half-Ranks double your right-Flank every man placing himself on the inside of his right-hand-man Command Half-files double your Front to the right entire Direction Half-files face to the right and march clear of the standing part after face to your Leader move up even abrest and double the Front Reducement Right
they therefore be rejected and carelesly thrown away nay rather they ought frequently to practice themselves in the use thereof which if they did they would finde the same very serviceable unto them in the time of skirmishing wherewith they Fire better and in a more comely and graceful way far more securing both themselves and Fellow-souldiers from danger and likewise upon their March it is both a help and support unto them Fourthly their eyes ought likewise in time of Battail to be fixed stedfastly upon their Captain always conforming to him in Posture when he shall prepare to charge or retreat and likewise they ought to be knowing and well verst in the several Beats of the Drum which if well observed by all there would not be so much confusion in time of Battail amongst them as many times by sad experience hath been found when disregarding their Officers commands and the bearing of the Drum they ignorantly and rashly run on in a disorderly manner by which means they have cut off their own Officers and Fellow-souldiers many times more then they have dangered the Enemy Thus you see what great necessity there is of instructing and training up the Souldiers in their Postures and how requisite it is to conform themselves to their Officers in time of Battail performing thereby better execution against their Enemies and by their decent and comely array preserve themselves from eminent dangers and perils The Souldiers having now all the ground-work of the exercising a Body of men laid down before them in the next place he labours to make experiment thereof but being no Officer he cannot attain thereunto without special leave from his Superiours and therefore being a File-leader he craves leave for to exercise his single File both in their Postures and Motions contenting himself for present with that small number whereby he is able to run through many plain things of Distances Facings Doublings Counter-marchings and Wheelings But being not fully satisfied he presumes upon the former favour had from his Superiours to go on to make every man in his File a File-leader first by succession and after being not called away by the beat of the Drum or by his Officers to lead up his File and to joyn into a Body according unto Dignity and after endeavours to reduce them again by proper words of command This liberty being granted at convenient times unto a File-leader much indeers the Souldiers good affections unto their Officers and is a means whereby many others are brought in to be true lovers of Military Exercise as being much taken and well pleased with the sight of the former things And therefore I could wish that they were not hereafter prevented as formerly I have observed by the malice of some who have had places of command bestowed upon them more through favour or by reason of their riches then for any worth or desert found in them They perhaps hold it a great dispargement unto them to be eclipsed but a judicious and discreet Captain accounts it a great honour to lead such gallant men that are as able and as well knowing as himself CHAP. LX. The way to make every man in a File six deep according to succession a File-leader The file by doublings not using one word of command twice Command FIles rank two to the left Bring the second man into the Front File to the left double Command Half-files double your Front to the left Files double your depth to the left Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Double your Files to the left intire advancing Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Double your Files to the right intire advancing Command File rank two to the right Files to the right double Reducement File rank to the left into the Front Rank file six to the left CHAP. LXI The way to make every man in a File six deep File-leader according to dignity The Dignity of the File by a doubling not using one Word of command twice Command HAlf-files double your front to the left Files double to the right intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front half-file double the reer to the left Files double to the left intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringer-up double your Front to the right Files double your depth to the right every man falling behind his bringer-up Command Half-files double your Front to the right Files double to the left intire advancing Files rank two to the right Files to the right double Bringer-up double your Front to the left Files double your depth to the left every man falling behind his bringer-up Reducement File rank two to the left Files to the left double CHAP. LXII The way to make every man in a File eight deep File-leader by succession The File and that by doubling not using one Word of command twice Command FIle rank two to the left Ranks invert to the left Command Half-file double your front to the right Double your files to the right intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Files rank two to the right Files to the right double Command Front half-files double your reer to the right Double your files to the left intire advancing Command Files rank two to the right into the reer Ranks invert to the right Command Half-files double your Front to the left Double your files to the left intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command File rank two to the left into the Reer Face to your Leader Double your Files to the right advancing Reducement File rank to the right into the Front Rank file eight to the right CHAP. LXIII The way to make every man in a File eight deep The Dignity of the File a File-leader according unto dignity by a doubling Command BRinger-up double your Front to the left Double your Files to the right intire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the left Double your Files to the left intire advancing Command Bringer-up double your Front to the right Files double your depth to the right Command Files rank two to the right Double your Files to the right intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Double your Files to the right by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the left following your Leaders Double your Files to the left by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command The two first and the two last men double the four middle-most men to the right following your Leaders and your Bringers-up Files double your depth to the left Reducement Half-files double the Front to the right Bringers-up double your Front to the right Files to the right and left double inward Double your Files to the left intire advancing Although
occasion shall require In the next place for a Brigade I shall point forth four Regiments having in them eight Companies a piece after the manner of a Regiment of eight formerly set down which amounts to 3888 men which number may serve for a third part of an Army of foot and make up a very compleat and sufficient Brigade And I shall order in this Brigade to have in it four Divisions that is to say a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard represented in the three first Regiments but the fourth shall be a reserve standing in the Reer of the Main-battail or Brigade whereby upon all occasions of the other retreating or being driven backward that Regiment may move up to relieve each part thereof that shall be distressed But upon the Long-march of this Brigade the two middle Regiments according to their order of dignity are to make the Battail which in the Figure were made the Van-guard and Reer-guard and that which formerly was the Van-guard is become the Battail and the Reer-guard the Reserve but where they have ground sufficient it will be better to march in that form of Battalia set down according to the Figure Folio 176. This Brigade consisting of four Regiments must be drawn up according to the dignity of their Captains but with this alteration of Arms for the former Regiments consisting of two Divisions this hath but one after this manner CHAP. XXII How to draw up an Army of twelve Regiments of Foot and three of Horse the Foot amounting unto 11664 men and the Horse unto 3000 in all 14664 men THe drawing up or an Army most properly belongs to the Serjeant-Major-General whose place and charge is of an high degree his commands being full of action and therefore ought to be a wise grave and able person and an experienced Souldier in respect he hath the ordering and disposing of the Divisions and Battalions according to that form which the General shall command him And upon all occasions he must be active and stirring up and down to spie out all advantages which might offend an Enemy and wisely to foresee all disadvantages that may bring the Troops into any disorder or confusion He hath absolute command over the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades otherwise called the three Grand Corporals of the Field who are to be his assistants and his mouth as he is the mouth of the Lord General or Martial of the Field and therefore must have a vigilant eye over all things seeing that the Generals command delivered to him be strictly kept and observed and withall acquainting and informing the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades of the Generals pleasure that they may forthwith put the same into execution Now the Method that I shall observe shall be according to the form of the former Brigade wherefore in the first place the Serjeant-Major shall do well to appoint out unto the eldest Serjeant-Major of the Brigades how to draw up that Brigade which shall be the Battail wherein the Lord Generals Regiment and the Colonels is to be upon the right and left of that Brigade and betwixt them the eldest Colonel and ninth Colonel according to this rule of Dignity in the Figure set forth 4 9 12 1. In the next place let the next Serjeant-Major of the Brigades in seniority draw up that which shall be the Van-guard and place the second Colonels Regiment upon the right and the fifth upon the left and between them the eleventh and eighth Colonels after this manner of this Figure 5 8 11 2. Let the last Serjeant-Major draw up that Brigade which shall be in the Reer and let him draw them up after this manner the third Colonels Regiment upon the right and upon the left the sixth Colonels and between them the tenth and seventh Colonels Regiment after this manner 6 7 10 3 This charge being given by the Serjeant-Major-General unto the three Serjeant-Majors of the three Tertias or Brigades how each particular Regiment shall be drawn up being every one single and compared alike each to other being rightly stated according to the rule of Dignity avoiding thereby confusion and disorder In the next place for the better expedition in drawing up the Army every Serjeant-Major of each Brigade draws the former Regiments assigned unto them unto such place as shall be appointed forth unto them by the Serjeant-Major-General being helped and assisted by the Field-Officers of the same Regiments the Serjeant-Major-General being an assistant unto them all seeing thereby all the Commands of the General rightly observed and fulfilled AN ARMY OF FOOT OR THREE SINGLE BRIGADS CONSISTING OF 11664 MEN DRAWN VP AND EMBATTELLED TOGETHER WITH THE PLACING OF THE CANNON Let these three Sheets be pasted together at length one after another so that they may appear as one single Leafe and let them be placed between Page 174 and 175. After this the General of the Ordnance his duty and care must be in the day of Battail to see that the Ordnance be well placed for at such time his wisdom is most discern'd keeping with the assistance of his Lieutenant the Train of Artillery together in good order He must have a vigilant eye upon all accidents that may fall but and make choise of such ground for their planting as the General of the Army and he shall think most fit and convenient He must be careful that all things be in a readiness putting the Master Gunners Gentlemen of the Ordnance and Commanders in minde of their duty that they do their best endeavours and acquit themselves like men It is likewise partly his charge to see that the whole Army be well provided with Ammunition because the Ammunition marcheth under his Train He must also be neer the General of the Army upon all occasions to receive his Directions and Commands and to know from him after what manner he will make his Battail that he may plant his Ordnance accordingly finding out Hills and Heights to play over his own men And when the Enemy shall present himself and come up to charge he must draw and plant his Ordnance as neer their Horse as possible may be to hinder them from breaking in upon the Divisions of Foot taking along with him Saylours and Pioneers to help to draw up the Ordnance and sufficient Guards to defend them As concerning the planting of the Ordnance when the Battalia is drawn up they may be disposed of several ways as sometimes they are placed upon the head of the Battalia others again between them by two and two and others threes upon the Flanks and Wings of the Muskettiers Some are of opinion that they ought to be planted upon the Flank and in the Reer of the Battalia by leaving a free place for Arms which may give no offence to their own men But as concerning this last way it might be answered it can no way be expedient for if an Enemy should perceive that the Frout is left bare without Ordnance it will give them cause
his Captains intentions and purposes before-hand he may be the better provided to withstand the furious onset of the Enemy He ought to have the Ensign and all other Officers of the Company as near him as may be there being often-times urgent business to make use of them as occasion shall require He must neither cashiere nor punish any man in the presence of his Captain but ought to make him acquainted therewith that he may punish the offender by committing him either to prison or cause him to give recompence to the party wronged To conclude he ought to know how far his power doth extend either in the presence or absence of his Captain always demeaning himself so that he may gain the love of his whole Company by acting those things amongst them as may be just and honest Of a Captain HE that is a Captain of a Company ought in respect he leadeth the same and is Chief to appoint unto the Officers their several places what Divisions they shall lead and where they shall march and according to the number of Files to make his Divisions answerable thereto by dividing his Muskettiers as near as he can the one half upon the right of the Pikes and the other upon the left for they being the Flankers ought equally to be ballanced but if there be an odd File it ought to be contrived and carried to the right In the Van Battail or Reer he must according to the number of his men order his Officers places and draw them off accordingly in as equal a way as they will afford He is as well as his own to know all the several duties of his Officers and to be a good Posture-man himself that when he sees any of his Souldiers handling their Arms in an undecent and slovenly manner he may the better reprove them for the same And although many Captains regardeth them not but leaveth them to be instructed by the inferiour Officers yet it is a great deal of honour to him when his Souldiers shall be taught by himself they more cheerfully and confidently marching along with him when as they perceive that he is throughly knowing in all things belonging to his charge He shall do well to exercise his Company sometimes himself teaching them how to fight upon all occasions whether it be to Front Reer or Flanks or upon surprise of an Ambuscado or any other disadvantage which may befall them informing them how to fall off and rally again in good order And at such times he must couragiously and wisely behave himself and incourage his Souldiers of hopes of Victory casting off all appearances of fear or danger whatsoever cheerfully animating his Souldiers to fall on taking care and making much of them and not to forsake them until such time they may be relieved by others He is to have a fatherly care of his Souldiers timely providing for the maimed wounded and sick such helps and remedies as their present conditions requires He must likewise see that there be no want of Victual Arms or Ammunition He ought not to be covetous nor keep back his Souldiers pay but to see them duly paid visiting and relieving them according to their several wants and necessities His care must be to execute Justice appease quarrels punish offenders by doing whereof he will maintain the honour and dignity of his place He ought to carry a very even hand over his Souldiers and to be very courteous and kind unto them yet with that restriction of familiarity that he come not under contempt And again he must not be too rigid and harsh caning or beating them without just cause lest he incurre their hatred who secretly or in time of Battail will seek to be revenged of him endeavouring to kill him before their enemy therefore he ought to be wise and discreet in his commands and carriage towards them His place of marching with his Company is some six foot before the first Division of Muskettiers but if his Company be drawn up he is either upon a Stand or upon the March to be on the head of the Pikes six foot before the Ensign In time of Battail although he leads his men up first against the Enemy yet he is not always tied to be in the Front having often just occasion to remove down into the Reer Midst or Flanks carefully casting his eye upon all parts of the Body thereby preventing the least error or neglect of his Souldiers directing them what to do keeping them in good order as long as occasion shall require Moreover he ought to be very religious temperate and discreet faithful in his trust valiant in the field against the face of his enemy and being besieged in either Town or Fort for to preserve his honour never give his consent for the yielding it up until it be past hope that there is no possibility to hold it out any longer Of a Serjeant-Major HIs duty is every morning and evening or upon any other occasion to attend upon the General Martial of the Field or Serjeant-Major-General of the Army to receive his Orders how or in what manner the Regiment shall march whether in a single Battalion or else in two to be joined with others After which he gives order accordingly unto the Captains how to draw up their Companies and orders them accordingly At which time of embattelling or marching he ought to be as near the midst of the Regiment as he can for the better regulating of the same He is to place all the Officers according to their Dignity where they are to lead and where to bring up and which men they shall take charge of to fight causing the Drum-Major after they are all drawn up and the other Drummers to beat a March and to move all at one instant as occasion shall require He ought to make all the Divisions as near equally alike as possible he can He must likewise be well verst in the several drawing up of Regiments with their various forms of Battail that according to the condition of the place ground number of men and Orders received from the Major-General or Majors of the Brigades he may not shew himself a Novice or one that is to seek nor ought he to go dully or slothfully upon his charge or place but to be very ready quick and nimbly performing with much ease and readiness his Battalions and grand Divisions In their drawings up he may be permitted to have Pen Ink and Paper for to take an accompt of the several strengths of the Captains Companies and to order his men accordingly and ought to give unto all the Officers of the Regiment notes in writing of their several charges and places In time of fight or otherwise marching with the Regiment he is to be on horse-back in regard he is the eyes hands and feet thereof in time of Battail he is to see every Officer to perform his charge and Souldier his duty forcing and compelling them forward if in case
they turn their backs He is also to distribute to the Captains and other Officers such Orders as he shall receive from his Colonel or other Superior Officer In marching with the Regiment not alone but with the Army he must know from the General Martial or Major-General whether the Regiment be to march in the Van-guard Battail or Reer He ought to have some knowledge or information of the Country whether it be long or streight thereby judging how to order his marching so as he may not be disturbed by the enemies Horse or Artillery Being troubled with Baggage if there be any difficult passage he ought to be there present to prevent such disorders as may happen giving directions for their placing and marching as they may not be any hinderance to the Regiment putting them in order again before the Regiment shall enter into their Quarters at which time he may give license to the Captains and their Ensigns to take their lodgings excepting only those who are appointed for Guardians who must enter the Corps du guard and place their Sentinels until such time as they shall be relieved by others Now if a Regiment be to be quartered or lodged either in the Field or under shelter if in the Field he must cause it to be barracado'd or intrenched by the Waggons or other defences of the Field after which he is to place his Corps du guard round about the Quarters and the Sentinels at so near a distance that they may hear one the other speak being about 80 or 100 paces off from the Corps du guard being placed double a Pike and a Musket and five paces from them other single Sentinels are to be placed which are called Perdues And in case of Alarm the Sentinel Perdue shall retreat to the double Sentinel and in case of necessity all together having given fire are to retreat to the Corps du guard He must likewise at divers hours of the night visit the Corps du guard and if an Alarm be given in the Field he is to betake himself to the Alarm-place of the Regiment and there to form his Battalion and to send men to double the Guards on that part where the Alarm was given and to give notice thereof to his Colonel or other Superior Officer if they be present of what passeth The Ensigns ought not to retreat unless their Colonel or he give leave no Order at any time ought to be altered but by him in respect he giveth none but such as he receiveth from the Colonel It is his duty to speak for Ammunition as Powder Bullets Match and for Victuals if there shall be any want in the Regiment which provisions ought to be delivered unto him and he to see it equally distributed unto the Companies according unto the proportion given out And likewise he is to give Order what proportion or number of workmen or commanded men shall be drawn forth to work If under shelter then he is to view the place both within and without appointing the places for the Corps du guards and Sentinels and the way of the Rounders that it be free It will be expedient for him to chuse the Alarm-place whither the Companies upon the Alarum given are to repair being the Rendezvous for the whole Regiment being careful to place sufficient Guards both upon the Walls and about the Gates for their more security Which being ended he may give leave to the Captains to go to their Lodgings and several Quarters there to remain until they shall be called upon Duties for the due performance whereof he is to cause them to cast Lots whereby they may know what part of the Walls may fall to their turn He is to command the Captains to enter the Guards about ten or eleven a clock in the morning he is likewise to open and shut the Gates at the rising or setting of the Sun and to place the Watches upon the Walls presently upon the shutting of the Gates and to relieve them upon the opening thereof And as he doth receive his directions for marching imbattelling viewing of ground and placing of Guards from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of that Brigade so he is to deliver them over to the Captains and Officers of that Regiment and to call upon them to whom it appertains to see them duly executed In the presence of his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel he is to be an assistant unto them in seeing all orders and directions duly performed and in their absence he hath the same authority and command as they He ought after he hath received the Word and Orders from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of the Brigade he presently delivers them to his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel and afterwards to the Serjeants of every Company drawn in a Ring according to the Seniority of their Captains which are to come and attend upon him for the same In the absence of his Superiour Officers he giveth the Word himself every night he is to visit all the Guards of the Regiment commanding them duly to keep the turns of their Watches and Marches seeing that one Captains Company perform not more duty than another to the end that both the honour and labour may be equally divided among so he may exercise the whole Regiment being thereunto required by his Colonel or Lieut. Colonel in all their Distances Facings Doublings Wheelings and False firings or in their absence of himself he hath full power so to do To conclude he ought to be well grounded in all Military Affairs and to be both wise and valiant Of a Lieutenant-Colonel HE that is a Lieutenant-Colonel to a Regiment hath a very honourable place having power and command over all the Regiment in the absence of his Colonel and may also at such time exercise the Regiment in all the Military Motions and is to lead the Regiment upon the head thereof but when his Colonel is present he bringeth up the Reer if they march in one Division but if in two in some places he leadeth the second as his Colonel doth the first or if in three as formerly is shewen he commands the Van-guard the Colonel the Battail and the Major the Reer-guard His place is not of so great pains and toyl as the Majors is therefore he ought in the drawing up of the Regiment to be helpful and assisting unto him in that particular and in all others where he shall think fit To conclude the greatest affairs of the Regiment being carried forth by the Major there is the less remaining to be spoken concerning him but that he see all things duly observed throughout the Regiment according unto such orders received from those which are above him Of a Colonel IT concerneth every Colonel to take care that his Companies be full and compleat if it may be that they be well provided of Arms and to take cognizance what Exercises are continually performed by them communicating Orders and commanding all Officers of his Regiment what is
your Musket Ram home your Charge Draw forth your Scowring-stick Turn and shorten him to a handful Return your Scowring-stick Bring forward your Musket Poyse Ballance your Musket in your left hand with your Barrel upward Draw forth your Match Blow your Coal Cock your Match Filt your Match Guard your Pan Blow the Ashes from your Coal Open your Pan. Present upon your left hand Give fire Brest-high Dismount your Musket holding him still in your left hand Uncock and return your Match Clear your Pan. Shut your Pan. Set the Butt-end of your Musket to the ground Lay down your Musket Lay down your Match Take off your Bandeliers Lay down your Bandeliers An Advertisement to the Souldiery of the Nation WHereas this Book in the several Tracts thereof with much variety doth set forth at large as to their several kinds and changes all your Military Motions and Postures which may not only serve to give light to the unexperienced and lead them by the hand into the Military Gardens of Honour and other * Place this Sheet betwixt Bb and Cc * places where they are trained up until by degrees they arrive unto perfection but may delight and confirm the most able and most knowing Souldiers whilst here they read over those several forms in which heretofore they stood when in so many Battails with such admirable success they have both opposed and overcome their Enemies And whereas even from hence may be extracted many excellent Directions and Rudiments of War which may incourage and fully inable all active and gallant Spirits in this City of London to perform such Commands and to follow those Conducts to which they shall be disciplined by those exquisite and most expert Souldiers who shall train them up either in the new Artillery or any other ground of such Honorable Imployment and hereby be so fitted and furnished with all directions that the performance of them shall render them most acceptable yet I cannot but confess that through the usual variety of this most Noble Profession proceeding from the great plenty which these times afford thereof the exercise of Arms being every where so frequently shown that the most plain and ordinary Rules though far more useful are not so well rellished many men looking more in such your publick Trainings after novelty and delight then solidity which was purposely contrived by the Authors of it only for variety and for drawing of one another to the love of Arms and not for any prejudice to the Fundamentals of War on which the Ruine or the Safety of the Kingdom and Commonwealth of the World depends If peradventure it be alleadged that he who can perform things of difficulty will be more apt to carry on things of more facility It may be speedily answered that the plain Rudiments and Principles of War being of greatest use and importance and practised in all Armies both in this and other Nations they are by no means to be neglected or omitted but to be preserved and esteemed in that high manner which they do deserve for the ability in the performance of them will no doubt more readily prefer a man and render him more capable of any imployment then the practice of any useless or impertinent things in War Add unto this that the more easie and plain a man is in his command the more readily it is received by the Souldiers and more promptly obeyed for new coined and Sesquipedalian words of Command do so puzzle and torment the apprehensions with directions and expositions to have them understood that not only they oftentimes transcend the reach of those that are to give them but they do much amaze and confound the capacities of those who are to be led and ordered by them I do the rather make mention of this in this place that a discreet care be taken that no man make himself ridiculous in his undertakings or Commands but that he may be able to give an absolute account of any Branch which in the whole Body of the Art Military shall be propounded to him to give satisfaction therein to any judicious Souldier as concerning the use purpose and property of it for otherwise it would signifie nothing at all But when a man being required thereunto can render a sufficient reason for what he doth or shall voluntarily give it himself as to this or that management of any service in War it will very much both content him and inform them who shall be under his Command and give them a just encouragement to proceed in it but if he should fail in this point of Knowledge and Judgment there is but little benefit to be expected from his Conduct for it were far better that a man did but a little in a Souldierly way which is proper and carrying good approbation to men of understanding then to spin forth a long thred with new expressions and inventions that are of no use or profit but tend rather unto laughter and to the loss of time and the offence of many and to the bringing of a generall contempt upon the Art And although there be many Rules which may be sufficient forms to direct and to teach to be expert in War and doubtless are of great concernment to them who have both the. Theorick and the Practick part yet nevertheless there is no rule but at some time or other doth admit of some exception there being espepially so many cross events in War that no Commander can positively tie himself up to any Rule for occasions do vary so in several places that the chiefest Rule a man can walk by is his Eye and his Intelligence wherein accordingly he must accommodate himself to encounter his Enemies And although a Commander should be qualified with much Knowledge Courage and Faithfulness the only accomplishments of a true Souldier yet they are to be attended with diligence for in all his undertakings and performances delays being always dangerous it is usually said That which is soonest done and well done is best done But above all he is to have an eye to order which is the very life of an Army And in acting against an Enemy great care is to be taken not to puzzle the Souldiers by confounding their understandings which may occasion their utter overthrow And this makes me to reflect on what hath been mentioned heretofore Let every Commander that truly delights in Military exercises study to be exact in all plain things and practice the Souldiers much in the exercise thereof for this is the only use and is altogether practised and observed in the Field If a man will be curious in new fancies there are stratagems enough to be found out in which he may exercise himself with much variety to delight the curious and find much matter in them to be highly valued and esteemed But this is to be carried on in a plain way the study whereof would ask some time and it is not easily obtained by ordinary capacities which should
by consent of the Fiscal and knowledge of the Marshal-General upon forfeit of the Goods the one half to the poor the other to the Marshal 6. No man shall buy any Goods without sound of Drum as also notice to be given to the Marshal upon forfeit of the Goods and six Gilders in money 7. No Sutler Saylor or any other person shall buy any Iron Metal or any other thing belonging to Bells Arms Bullets Powder or any thing belonging to Ammunition or any other forbidden Wares or take any such thing to pawn upon forfeit of the same and also to be openly whipped 8. No man shall make any Arrest or go to Law upon any old Action or Debt made before or without the Leaguer 9. All Prisoners as well of our own men as of the Enemy whether deserving bodily punishment or otherwise are to be delivered to the Marshal-General with true notice of their offences and accusations 10. All Marshals of Regiments Admiralty Artillery Guards or others shall stand under the Marshal-General 11 No man shall set any price upon Victuals or any Leaguer-provision within the Leaguer without the consent of the Marshal-General upon pain of being severely punished 12. No man shall abuse the Marshal-General or his servants by word or deed or offer them any violence upon pain to be hanged without mercy 13. No man shall Suttle in the Leaguer before he hath given up his name to the General of the Victuals and Provision and also to the Marshal upon pain of six guilders 14 All Sutlers that come into the Leaguer shall give notice to the General of the Victuals or to his Commissary of their Wares and must not Suttle without his Commission upon the like pain 15. No Sutler shall set up his Cabbin in any other place then where is appointed by the Marshal upon the like pain 16. No Sutler shall buy any Provision within the Leaguer until it be brought to the place appointed for Market and there prized and taxed upon forfeiture of half the goods so bought or sold to the use of the Poor and Marshal aforesaid 17. No Sutler shall use any Weights or Measures but such as are ordained them by the Marshal-General upon pain of six guilders and those that are found to use false Weights or Measures shall forfeit their goods the one half to the poor in general the other to the poor of the Regiment and also to be severely punished 18. No Sutler shall tap Beer or Wine in the morning before the Sun rise or at night after the Warning-Piece goes off upon pain of forfeiting for every offence three guilders 19. No man shall kill any meat within the Leaguer but shall carry all garbage and filth thereof without the Leaguer and there bury it upon pain of forfeiting of six guilders for every default 20. No man shall do his easment within the Quarter but in the place appointed which must be 100 foot without the Intrenchment and be marked out by the Marshals of every Regiment upon forfeiture of his upper garment Orders for Watching A Company having the Watch at an Avenue or Trench the Souldiers shall place their Pikes in Battalia a little distance from the Parapet and their Muskets in order upon the Parapet No Captain Officer or Souldier whatsoever shall absent himself being in health from his Watch. No Souldier shall be suffered to hire his duty or to put one of his fellows to stand sentinel for him if he do he is to be punished without favour Every Sentinel shall stand full armed and not stir from his station until his Corporal relieve him upon the like pain The Corporals shall instruct the Sentinels how they must behave themselves and be careful to set them out at such a distance as they may see each other A Sergeant-Major or some better qualified Officer shall every night go the Round and see the Watches be well ordered and the Sentinels duly set out and if he find any defect or fault in the Guards he shall acquaint the Sergeant-Major-General with it that it may be amended When the Round comes an Officer accompanied with some Muskettiers shall readily give the Word and not hold the Round long up The Corporal in taking the Word shall do the same Note That some are of Opinion that the Corporal in the Field ought to give the Word to no man but take it from all that pass to prevent the inconvenience that may happen by giving it to an Enemy which coming secretly may pretend to have the Round and I have known that the Prince of Orange hath ordained that the grand Round should give the Word to the Officer that had the Watch. One of the chief Officers of the Company or Troop shall continually keep waking and stirring to keep the men by their Arms and there must be never less then the third part of the Company or Troop afoot to be ready upon all occasions The Officers must have a care and see that the Sentinels be well and orderly placed and must go themselves and often send to visit them The Officers must be careful to keep all their men upon the Guard and to punish such as go off without leave Imbatteling OUr modern Warrs seldome bring Controversies to the trial of Battle for men now make War rather like Foxes then Lyons yet Germany hath of late given us some Examples and necessary it is to know in what order an Army may best receive or charge an Enemy To give you therefore some satisfaction therein I will let you see divers forms of Imbatteling Foot and Horse apart and together as they have been ordered by the Princes of Orange and others whereby you may learn how to range Troops when occasion doth require But I beleeve it will not be impertinent first to give you some observations considerable before and when you come to fight as also to speak a little of a Chase and Retreat Observations IF you be upon Defence venture not your Game at a cast your Enemy can loose but his Army you may loose your Countrey have a care that you be not forced to fight hinder him of Provision by cutting off his Convoys or burning all before him that he may gather none in the Countrey use some means to call him home by diversion or wait upon him in places of advantage as Straits and narrow Passages when he must march in small Divisions and draw his Troops into such a length that they cannot easily succour each other then finding opportunity attach him resolutely so shall you be sure if he be not a vigilant and expert Captain to do him an affront Many Examples there are in History of men that perished by pressing an invading Enemy to fight the Battails of Cressy Poitiers and others are fair warnings to perswade men not to presume or wilfully to hazard all in one day Had the Cardinal Infanta fought with the Prince of Orange and the French when they were in little Brabant without