of the one wil serve for the flanke of the other A SQUADRON OF BROADE FRONTE FRONTE OF THE BATTELL Table of the Battell 25 rankes of 16 pikes 400 pikes 25 rankes of 15 pikes 375 pikes 25 rankes of 15 pikes 375 pikes 25 rankes of 15 pikes 375 pikes 25 rankes of 15 pikes 375 pikes Pikes remaininge 30 pikes  1930 pik 27 rankes of 5 musketes 135 musketes 27 rankes of 5 musketes 135 musketes 86 rankes of 5. musketes 430 musketes 86 rankes of 5 musketes 430 musetes 50 troupes conteininge 2940 musketes  4070 musk Advertisinge that the 20 musketes for the lininge shott of the culoures are comprehended in the divisiones of the lininge shot of the two flankes which 20 muskees were cut of the laste troupe on the liefte flanke whiche troupe remaines with 54 musketes and all the reste 74 musketes No souldier i hope oughte to be ingnorante but that the squadron of pikes being framed it is to be empaled and girdeled withe shott as many rankes of shott as pikes But the righte and naturall girdelinge shott indeede oughte to be no more shott in ranke then that the pike may well cover and defende espesially where the enemy are stronge of horse and so under the favor of the pike there can nott conveniently be defended but one ranke of three or foure shott at the moste and so many in my opinion shoule the girdelinge shott containe and knelinge upon one knee under the coverte of the couched pikes shoulde at the charginge of the horsemen discharge there voley in there face and bosome whiche woulde be no smale gallinge unto them butt when this danger of horse is not to by feared then the impalement may be made of more shot in a ranke acordinge to the quantity of shott and the reste of the shott into smale slives or troupes to troupe rounde aboute the battell in reasonable distance from the same the whiche divisiones of smale troupes i esteeme to be far better then the greate inproportionate winges whiche many do use containinge far greater numberes and are muche more ready to be broughte to skirmishe eyther in single or double fiele and every severall troupe to be led by a Sargente or Corporall and some Captaines to oversee the whole and at every angle of the battell it were not a misse to a pointe certaine troupes of shott whiche woulde flanker itt every way even as the Cavallero or Travessos do the curtine of a forte Let none be ingnorante but that for the severall divisiones of pikes and shott is required greate considerationes as time occasion and situation shall require continuall application in the theoricke and practicke of warr togither withe perfection in arithmeticke makethe easy many difficulties of deepe judgemente and rare importance in warlike affaires all whiche cōtinuall use and exercice make the easy for the severall divisiones of shott many considerationes are to be had acordinge as occasion shall require and the situation and disposition of groūde shall permitt for the girdelinge shott some use three some 4. and five is the moste that can conveniently be defended under the shelter or defence of the pike and specially when the enemy are stronge on horse so that for the righte guarnision of shott oughte not to be more then the pike can defende but in suche occasiones as the enemy is not to be feared on horse the divisiones of shot can be ordered of greater numberes to skirmishe acordinge to the judgemente of the Sardgente mayor dividinge them in wings or maniples as he shall thincke moste conveniente observinge theyr juste proportion in they re divisiones some use greate wings of shott whiche are not comendable in occasiones of fighte for the smale troupes are more apte and easieste to by governed and of a sodaine youe can skirmishe withe them eyther in single or double fiele and that bisides they bringe more men to fighte at once but when the enemy are superior on horse and wee feowe or none it is goode to gett the 4. frontes of the battell of equal resistance bothe to offende and defende so that the enemy may not take advantage of one place more then of the other The wings or maniples of shotte are not to go any greate distāce from the battell of pikes and specially when the enemy are stronge on horse but rather under the shelter and defence of the pikes that therby the squadron may by the stronger and more safe in receiuynge any domage when theyr force is united in one boddy as happened to don Alvaro de Sandy in the journey of caruan in barbery when the exercito of Ciderfa Kinge of the moores charged on him one of his Captaines named Luis Bravo de Laguna seinge a winge of shott a goode distāce from the squadrō cried on don Alvaro wishinge him withe spede to tourne and receiue that winge for freare that for loosinge the same he shoulde incur danger to loose the body by dayly experience we see that smale numberes doe repulse far greater and that the army whiche is beste ordered and disciplined moste comonly is master of the victory wherof there are verie many examples in writinge of famouse and antiente auctores so that theese happy proceedinges resulte of the goode order prudence and approoved experience of the chefe and brave Comaunderes and of the resolute valor of the Souldieres as Vegetio de re militari give the reason how the antiente Romaines came to Master all other Nationes sayinge that they were not so greate as the Germaines nor so greate in number as the Frence nor so prudente as the Greeckes nor so many in nūber as the Spanardes nor so subtill as the Africanes nor so furiouse as the Britanes butt by they re continuall practice and experience in warr they overcomed al theese difficulties by onely mantayinge there people wel exercised in armes and practice of warr when a regimente dothe marche some times greate disorderes are comited the Souldieres runinge away from there culoures robinge and spoylinge the country and poore inhabitantes litle regardinge in not acomplishinge there obligationes in beinge absent from there culoures litle respectinge or fearninge there Officeres and no respecte to military discipline wherof resulteth greate ruines and revoltes in many countries some superiore and inferiore Officeres are culpable in thiese intolerable disorderes offencive to the lawes of god and comon wealth in not procuringe sollicitinge and dayly instructinge they re Souldieres as a father is bounde to doe for his children and that as farr as his ability and power can reach and not to be inclined to steale or wronge the poore Souldier in keepinge any thinge wrongefully from him but rather sheowinge him self very lovinge and kinde to them In equalinge him self in all dangeres and travayles withe them in cōtinually givinge them goode instructiones and comfortinge them in all necessities yea and in assistinge them to his ability in ministringe equitie and goode
already declared howe they oughte to be framed and proporsionolly lined and if the enemy horse shoulde chance of a sodaine to chardge on yove and that youe have no tyme to place the overplusse of youre shott in the center divide them betwixte the rankes of pikes all alongste from the fronte to the reare warde so they shall by safe and yove can use them at any tyme when ocasion shall require but havinge inteligence that the enemy are stronge in horse and we feowe or none in suche ocasiones i woule firste bigin in framinge the cener of the overplusse of the shott havinge oportunity for the same and also leave place for hurtemen in the cēter and divide them into so many maniples that they may of a sodaine fall into squadron square of men in the center withoute any crossinge aluēge there iuste fronte and flanke and then divide the pikes into maniples to proportionally guarnishe the center on every side or fronte of the same and then divide in proportion the girdlinge shott that is lefte to guarnish the 4 frontes of the battell of pikes and center this is the perfecte and right way but when urgent necessity requireth the overplusse of shott may be plased and divided betwexte the rankes of pikes as before sett downe advertisinge that the coulores is to goe in the center As the battell dothe marche on towardes the enemy and cominge once within reache of the musket then the firste rankes of the winges of musketes are to marche in this maner the firste rankes steppinge some two or three paces forwarde havinge in the meane tyme made them selves ready and cocked there matches then with readines and expedition all those of the firste rankes there musketes byenge uppon there restes or forkes to discharge at once permitenge other rankes to proceede then presently those of the seconde ranke to stepe upp before the firste ranke as the battell or batallon do marche and so to discharge as they re former followes had don before and then the thirde ranke before the seconde and the four the before the thirde and soe all the other rankes consequently withe this kinde of double marche and at the traine of the laste ranke those of the firste to folowe upp a gaine and so consequently the reste But if chance that the squadron of pikes be distresed or constrained to retire they are to discharge at the enemy retiring backe uppon a counter marche eache feele or ranke consequently and withe expedition one after a nother and withe speede fall bake into there ranke to give place to the nexte rankes that no time be idell employed Sundry opiniones there are of comparisones betwext the Infantery and Cavallery whiche of them is moste utill in the warres the one and the other are moste necessary in occurantes of warlicke affaires but in my opinion the Infantery is to be preferred firste beinge well disciplined in the arte of war never the lesse the cavalleria beinge well monted and armed and beinge experimente souldieres beinge conducted by prudent and brave conductores douptlesse theyr executiones and resolutiō is to be feared but they are not comparable to deale withe resolute foote excepte uppon manifeste and greate advantages and in place or grounde of greate favor for them For beinge well knowen that a resolute stande of pikes well ordered and girdeled withe shott will give them sore stoppes and retournes as plainely apeered when Marques de Pescara withe 800 short aptayned the victory of Charles de noy then Visroy of Napoles withe his Cavallery at the battell of Pavia a nother example wee have of the Conte Francisco Carmognolla beinge Captaine generall of Filip Viconte Duke of Millanes army goinge withe 6000. horse a gainste the Swisheres army was by them repulsed by the valeure and lenghte of there pikes who havinge regathered this disordered troupes consideringe from whence there disadvantage greowe turned head againe uppon the enemy and he him self and his companies disamounted on foote and withe there lances in hande framed afoote squadron and charged the enemy afresh and brake and overthrewe them in number above fifteene thousande when by force of horse coulde not by removed imitatinge herin Marcus Valerius Cornelius who beinge consull and Captaine againste the samnites in the firste punny warres and in theyr laste battell not able to enter uppon them by reason of there lōge pikes where withe they defended them selves comaunded his horsemen to disamounte and on foote they arived as they were withe there lances to fighte withe there enemy and over threwe them and putt them to flighte optaininge the victory and remayninge withe there baggadge and in the battell given by Constantine Roxianus Captaine generall to Sigismund Kinge of Polonia withe Basilius the greate Duke of Moscovia by the river Brisva who surmounted him on horse backe three thousande foote men onely he had in his army won him that day the honor and victory also as did apeere by the memorable batteles of the Inglishe againste the provde cavallery of the frence at agincourte fielde and other places many more examples mighte be recited bothe antient and moderne remembringe that amonge the antiente Romaines there foote was alwayes of more estimation then there horse allwayes houldinge a true opinion that the Infanterie well disciplined is the right sinue of the warr the walles of the citty and fortress of the realme I have hearde say that in thies warres of the netherlande after that the grand Comendador died that Don Alvaro de Vergas who at that time comaunded the Spanish Cavallerie did greate exploictes in encounteres he had withe the states foote and horse but it muste by considered that those were oulde and experimented Souldiers restenge uppon a resolute and valerouse determination The otheres for the moste patre Bisones and rawe people raised uppon a sodaine conceipte in whiche actiones is marvelouse to be marked the diference betwene men of experience and rawe Bisones the prudent cariadge resolute valor and goode conduction of the one and litle practice and experience of the otheres as did apeere in the reincounter at tilmonte and at the souckeringe of monts-dog beinge Taken by them of Mastricke and moste notable in the sacke of Antwerpe where lesse then withe the number of 5000. Spaniards inclosed within the sitadel gave the overthrowe and foile unto 16000 of the Anturpianes Bravely armed and incamped within they re owne towne In like sorte at the overthrowe of Gibleo where not above 600. horse of don Iohn de Austria his troopes defeated above 15000 of the states moste strange and wonderfull onely for wante of goode conductores and the enemy spyinge theese advantages resultinge of there simple conduction founde them selves amased And for as muche as i have spoken muche of this office i will conclude in sayenge that he oughte nowe and then to visite and revisite at diveres and differente houres all thinges by him provided and a pointed and see that they be prudently ordered and
Whiche ought to by reputed in a personadge of so many a proved and goode partes This office is of such greate importance that the securitie and goode success of the whole army dependes for the moste parte on him as a cheefetaine and head over the whole army and all the orderes of the Kinge are by him given and by his comaunde observed But when the Captaine generall is in presence all muste depende on him beinge a Superior and nexte under him the Camp-master generall as Lugarteniente and in his absence doth comaunde the whole army This office with the Romaines was of greate and high estimation which they cauled Metador he is to be of suche extraordinarie prudence and care that not withstandinge he givethe the necessarie orderes he him selfe muste visite and see who all thinges are ordered for which he is to have nexte his person a rare Inginier for many effectes and for the dividinge of the campe betwexte the Regimentes Cavalleria and Artillerie the necessarie grounde distance and circuide for the same in dividinge the juste proportion of grounde due to severall sortes of nationes in whiche greate consideration oughte to by used for whiche purpose he hafe a Quarter-master generall whiche oughte to by curiouse in thies Firste shall be a pointed the fitteste place for the Generall and if they re by any reall personadge consideration also is to be taken This place is to by chosen for the moste a sureste and beste placinge the Cavallerie on the outewarde side and the Infanterie on the other side he beinge shutt and inviorened betwexte both The quarter of the Artillerie and of his courte and traine is to be ordained in a sure place and well garded rounde a boute on every side They re traine of Officeres gastadores wourkmen pertrechos of sundrie sortes of munitiones ocupies greate roome The Cavalleres and pinsioneres nexte the generall is person Auditor generall Provoste generall a Tambor mayor generall and many more folowinge the Generall are to be placed not farr from the Generall and the Provedor generall is also to be placed not farr distance if a conveniente place can be founde for his purpose for he alsoe requireth muche roome for his amunitiones and wagones The Infanterie shall invieron the whole campe the Ingineres are alsoe to visite all over the campe and findinge that water is not plintifull to open pittes in the beste and convenienteste places for the same In the ocasiones and repartitiones that shall offer in imployenge the foote and horse in convoyes to scoute and recnowledge douptefull places and oecasiones and to featche foradge it oughte to goe by turne soe that eache one shall take his share of the paines and troubles excepte onelie in time of hote and extraordinarie service for in suche ocasiones greate considerationes oughte to by had in choysinge those that are more fitt for the purpose which shall by imployed as it shall by more fitt Greate care oughte to by taken in due time to by well provided of all sortes of amunitiones as alsoe of all sortes of vituales and take a speciall care that all thinges be prevented in due time that the enemy doe not let or hinder youre convoyes nor the pasadges where they come with all sorte of provision for the campe and to by prevented a gainste all stratagemes they can prevente When the army shall marche and that they re shall by many regimentes of severall nationes in they re divisiones and in the observinge of goode order greate care and industrie is required givinge order that eache nation by they re turne shall marche in the vangarde battell and rergarde for beinge so conveniente for his Majesties service If youe chance to marche troughe an enemy countrie or neere unto they re frontieres greate vigilance and goode order needeth to by observeth it importeth alsoe to get goode and faithfull guides and diferente spies of truste for feare of fraude as alsoe for to have goode inteligence of the enemies designes in due time In suche ocasiones nedeth muche to sende before some horse in a certaine distance to discover and learne the plottes and stratagemes of the enemy to hinder oure journey Havinge had inteligence and beinge well informed that the enemy are waitinge for to hinder youe Cause the Artilleâ—ie to marche with they re garde and drawe upp the Infanterie in goode order on the other side of the Artillerie betwexte them and the enemy and the horse alsoe on the outewarde side of the Infanterie and in a goode distance of It is necessarie to by prevented of the enemies designes and consider the situation where youe marche soe that youre divisiones may acordinglie be ordered as the situation shall permit and require In narowe and straighte pasadges goode order is to by observed and specially where the enemy is to be suspected and that the Sardgentes be verie carefull in acomplishinge they re obligationes soe that they re be no crossinge nor confusion and suche as shall not keepe they re rankes to severelie punish them in publick in as muche that they and the behoulderes may take notice of the same soe that in oferinge ocasion with grace and brevitie they may of a sodaine fall into battell If inteligenee be had that the enemy be stronge on horse in the vangarde or way where wee intende to pass and that the pasadge where wee march be soe narowe that oure horse beinge in the vangarde and beinge chardged and broken by the enemyes horse and that the narownes of the pasadge doe not permit that they may pass on eyther of the two flankes of the Infantery and beinge brocken they fall on oure order and wee incurr greate danger if the enemy doe followe with a brave resolution if they re be no remedie that they may pass on eyther of the two sides of force way is to be made for them and the shott are to come all on one side of the pasadge and make way and the pikes are to be opened on bothe sides of the way in thies ocasiones and many more occurrantes in warr greate danger may ocurr excepte prevension be prudentlie taken in due time In suche ocasiones a troupe of musketes and arcabuseros are necessarie to by sente in the vangarde and then five or six rankes of pikes which with they re fronte shall ocupie the pasadge which shall reviwe recnoledge and advertice if they re by any danger or ambuscado After thies the reste shall march in goode order as before declared in the office of the Sardgent mayor In the rergarde shall the Cavallerie marche with a garde of short and pikes after which shall marche the Cavallerie in order and if inteligence be had that in the vangarde they re by any impedimente or lett that oure Artillerie can nott pass or any parte of the army lett they re marche a Company of gastadores with they re Captaine to acomodate thies impedimentes and in case the enemy by suspected to conducte them for
and semblable ocationes let him looke wel to him self for the Souldier in such a particular oweth him but litle respecte or none at all beinge therunto constrained for a Souldier is to defende his life and honor for whiche none can blame him beinge of force thereunto constrayned THE FOURTHE CHAP. Treatinge of the election and Office of an Alferish of a Companie of Infanterie THE chardge and office of an Alferis or Ansign bearer of a Companie of Infanterie is to be reputed as a Captaines leftenant in whose choysinge his Captaine is to have many and greate considerationes For not onelie suche a one oughte to by agoo de Souldier and of boulde and valerouse determinationes but to by his equal if it may be both in vertue and discresion because that oftentimes in his absence the govermente of the Company dothe belonge to this Officer And for as much as the ansigne is the true fundation of the Company and that in the same consisteth the honor both of his and of his Souldieres reputasion It is necessarie that he unto whome this office is comitted have in him the a proved partes wissed in a brave Souldier For the greate truste in him reputed and that in his Captaines absence he ruleth and governeth the Companie and from him the Sardgente and Corporales are to receive the orderes as they doe from they re Captaine but the Alferis is not to set at libertie any prisoner withoute consente or licence of his Captaine or other superior Officeres neyther is he to give licence to any Souldier to leave the Company It is necessary to whome this so honorable a chardge is recomended never to a banden it as many brave fellowes have don to they re perpetuall fame and glorie He oughte to goe galante and well armed for many respectes as in day of battell or in giveng an assaulte or in marchinge before his Kinge or Câ—ptaine generall In ocationes of fightinge withe his enemy he is to sheow him selfe dreadfull and terrible with his sowrde in the righte hande and his culores in the lefte bravely displaying the same sheowinge him selfe valiante and givenge goode examples to the Souldieres and animatinge them he is to live and die in defence of the same with a resolute mynde and brave determination as did the Alferis of Oloa in the battell given be Conde Don Gomes and Don Pedro de Lara for the queene Uraca of Castilla againste Don Alonso Kinge of Aragon hir husband in whiche they were overcome and the Conde slayne cutinge of the two handes of this Gentleman to quite him of his culores untill which time he never yealded after which cruell woundes he embrased his culores betwext his armes and as did an Alferis Tudesco in the incounter which Kinge Don Fernando de Napoles had with the Frence and Dutch with his righte hande cutt of and the leifte sore wounded and findinge that he coulde doe no more greepte the culores with his teeth and toucke houlde at the same till he was slaine In garison the day that he is to enter unto the watch with his Company that morninge he is to putt or displaye his culores in his windowe that it mighte be seene by the Souldieres of his Company for a true token that that nighte he shall inter the watch and in settinge the watch he oughte not to disarme him selfe till the gates be shutt nor in CampanÌ„a till the wourde be given and all thinges provided His Souldieres oughte to imitate him beinge therunto bounde he givinge them allwayes goode examples and instructiones He oughte to honor and respecte his Captaine and a complish his orderes with love and punctualitie beinge therunto bounde for the honor don unto him which his father beinge Captaine coulde doe no more for no greater honor coulde he give then referinge to his chardge the Kinges culores Wherfore the Alferis is to forbeare with his Captaine in many disputes which happen rather then sheowe him selfe ungratefull as some unconsiderate fellowes doe The verie same woulde he wish to him self if he came to that dingnitie and chardge he is to make muche of the drummeres and fifes because he may by sure to finde them when ocation is offered and that he and the Captaine shall see them contented for feare they run a way concideringe the greate neede he hath of them He is to garde his culores well in all places and tacke a speciall care of the same Let it be before they re eyes that they may see itt for the watch is not a pointed for his person but for the securitie of his culores hardly can they give a compte of the same exepte they see itt neyther doth the Souldier vvell a complish his obligation excepte itt be soe It is necessary that he by a man of goode partes verteuse of goode govermente and examples for thies are required in him for in the absence of the Captaine the govermente of the Company a perteineth to him For he is to give the orderes and directiones to the Sardgent Corporalles and Souldieres of his Company for one to dishardge well this office it caÌ„ be with the greater facilitie and auctoritie havinge exercised himselfe in the manadgeinge practice and executinge of other offices and degrees and douptles it doth further and helpe him in his executiones that he findeth greater ease in reducinge unto perfection whatesoever shall be recomeÌ„ded to his chardge though he can not sometimes but file the smarte of his overmuche travaile care and punctualitie Yett is he vvel pleased and contented seeinge that his chardge is vvell governed and a complished The office of an Alferis or Ansigne bearer is an honorable chardge and in the muster he is not to empatch him self in the same nor sitt neyther take chardge of listinge or vvritinge excepte urgente necessitie constraine him thereunto For itt a pertaineth to the furiell he is still to be armed with his vanable in hande duringe the time his Company passeth muster allwayes lookinge to his coloures and ordaine to garde the same vvith the firste Souldieres of his Company that shall pass muster and soe succescivelie shall be releeved by those that folowe one after an other and the Sardgent is to procure that the Company pass in order and vvith speede as they are called by the Comessary for beinge therunto bounde and eache one shall attend in a complishinge his obligation that thinges may be the better ordered and dulie finished as it is required It is necessarie knoweth the houses vvhere his Company doth lodge and the comarades of each lodginge and nowe and then to visite them and informe vvho they live that thereby he may the better knowe the qualitie goode and badd conditiones of each that thereby each one mighte be honored and prefered a cordinge as he deserveth He is alsoe bound to qualifie bee faire meanes some disputes vvhich happen betwexte them and the Sardgente for vvhiche disputes sometimes when it comes to the Captaines
eares he is alsoe offended vvith them To preveÌ„te the one and the other the Alferis oughte to visite them and to by a mediator to pascify all and specially to satisfie and contente the Souldieres so that they may have no ocation to run a vvay For if every Officer fall uppon them and none take they re parte they muste of force by grived and perhapes run a way Wherfore it is necessary and untill that the Alferis be carefull as a mediator to a peace thies contraversies It is verie necessarie he be a CoÌ„panied still with goode comarades men chosen of goode behavioure valerouse and of brave and resolute determinationes for none is more bounde to have suche comarades then he for in offeringe of ocationes of inconuteres a saultes or battell with the enemy they are to assiste and keepe him with a more willenge minde in the assaulte or winninge of a any towne or forte of emportance he is not to putt his colours in any place till the furie of the enemy be wholie vanquised orderlie and prudentlie a comodated and prevented and when all the furie is paste and dulie prevented he shall putt in his coloures into his lodginge and display the same in the windowe nexte unto the streete that the Captaine Officereres and Souldieres may note and marcke where the coloures are to repaire unto with speede when o catioÌ„ offereth And alwayes let him be verie carefull to ordaine a good garde for the same and that he him selfe shall looke well thereunto Let him take a special care that covetousenes nor disordered a petites doe ouerkome or master him When all is setled and pasified quarteres shal be devided and a pointed for each Regimente whiche shall be sente in due time be the Sardgent mayor or his a judante In o cation of framinge of squadrones incounteres or assaultes with the enemy he is to cary his coloures displayed and passinge be the Captaine generall he is to advance it bowinge the pointe some whate downe wardes but if he pass by the Kinge or Prince he is to bowe almoste to the grounde one of his knees a difference from the generall and in passinge by the blessed Sacramente he is to kneele on be the his knees and with the coloures to the grounde sheowinge greate reverence unto the same and all his Company in like manner and they re armes laied on the grounde till the blessed Sacramente pass vvithoute stirenge till they see they re Alferis rise upp and that when the Sacramente is vvholie paste duringe whiche time they are to keepe silence THE FIFTH CHAP. Treatinge of the election and office of a Captaine of a Companie of Infanterie THE electione of Captaines of Infanterie in Spainie is made be the Counsell of State and warr vvhen they re is any leavie or raisinge of men and vvhen theese places are voide eyther in campe or garison other Captaines are elected in they re place be the Captaine generalles or Visroyes in they re govermentes The electiones made by suche personadges shoulde by all lickhood seeme to be goode and sure notwithstanding it faulethe oute offten times that boath Generales and Viseroyes and alsoe counseleres have missed in the consideration therof bestowenge those honorable chardges uppon theyr owne followeres frendes or uppon greate courtieres and favorites vvherby often times many scandeles and domadges do resulte to the prince and to the action For by the meanes of thies inconciderate electiones many valiante brave and skilfull Souldieres do remaine withoute chardge litle concideringe uppon those of longe seruice prudente and brave cariadge yea and who have shed they re bloode with greate valeor sheowinge them selves in many brave incounteres a gainste the enemy O cruell unhappie and sinister electiones of smale expectaciones when the verteouse prudente and valerouse Souldier is not thoughte uppon trough vvhose meanes many scandeles doe a rise and many brave o cationes are loste vvithe greate dishonor and discomoditie to the prince And the prudente and brave Souldier remaineth almoste oute of all hope and almoste os no desire to atemppte a ny hanorable enterprice seeinge that they are neyther honored nor rewarded and seeinge that Bisones and men of litle skill are prefered before them To prevente many sinister electiones vvhich often times happenethe and are more necessarie to be remedied I woulde wish that in all electiones of those vvho shoulde pretende to be prefered by meanes of favor or afection as many are it vvere necessarie they shoulde be comanded to serve as oftentimes i have seene be prudente and brave Comaunderes yea and they re sones and neereste frendes for example to otheres and for the ob servation of true discipline To prevente thies sinister electiones vvherof resulteth greate shame and loshe both to the prince and contrie The Kinge of Sprine â—acketh a goode cource vvhen o cation is presented to rayse a ny neowe levies he sendes to his Viseroyes and Generalles of severall States and Provinces that they shoulde choyse and sende relation of the ancienteste Alferises and beste a proved Souldieres in the vvarres both in vertue valeor and suficiencie that suche persones be elected for Captaines and that alsoe a relation shoulde by sente of the ancieÌ„teste reformed Sardgentes to be elected for Alferises and of Corporalles Sardgentes and of brave Souidieres Corporalles The Visroyes and Generalles of righte shoulde looke vvell to see thies orderes yustly a complished concideringe the emportance therof to his Majesties service soe shall the brave Souldier of longe service prudente and resolute determinationes be prefered and advaunsed and otheres imitate they re a prooved vertue and goode a plicationes that there by eache one may with diligence care practiâ—e and learne this noble arte of vvarr seeinge that eache one is prefered by theyr vertue desertes and goode partes but o ther vvise vvhen thies electiones are made by favor and affection to bisones of litle sufficiencie causeth greate dispeâ—ationes and unwillinge myndes to attempte honorable enterprises and brave incounteres seeinge be experience that they are neyther honored nor prefered for the same Whiche causeth Military discipline dayly to fall into greate decay wherof resulteth many disgraces and the losh of many brave ocationes ruine of the comon wealth and of the happie success of Military discipline He which of righte shoulde be chosen for this office shoulde by a goode Cristian prudente and of vertuse cariadge to live with greate temperance and measure in his affaires and to by perfecte in Military discipline that therby he may with the greater auctoritie comaunde and be the more respected and feared Hardelie can a ny coddy reduce unto perfectioÌ„ this honorable chardge exepte he be learned and perfecte in thesame It emporteth much for the prudente govermente brave conduction and executions of his Majesties service as alsoe for ministringe justice and redressinge many disorderes that he knowe and take a speciall care in the electinge of his
and 3. in the other and say that by youre devision yove finde that the firste maniple of musketes is to marche withe 12. rankes of 4. musketes in eache ranke whiche is for the linenge shot of the right flanke of youre squadron That don say that also by youre laste devision yove finde 12. rankes of 3. musketes in eache ranke to guarinshe the liefte flanke of youre squadron and say that the two flankes of youre squadron are linede withe shott meaninge 4. in eache ranke of the linenge of the righte flanke and 3. in eache ranke of the linenge of the liefte flanke so the two flankes are lined That don say that 12. the fronte of youre pikes adinge therunto 7. musketes of the linenges of the two flakes makethe 19 and say that in youre laste devision yove finde that 19. rankes of 4. musquetes in eache ranke are to marche for the linenge shott of the vangarde and alsoe 19. rankes of 3. musketes are to marche in the laste devision of shott for the linenge of the rergarde of youre battell as by the figure before and in the devisiones of the same yove see plainely declared and so youre squadron of pikes is proportionally lined every way in as muche as the devision and number can affourde A squadron square of men of 576. Souldiers of the whiche 256. are pikes and 320. musketes devided proportionally as by the figure folowinge yove see Fronte of the Battel 256 Pikes 64 Musq 64 Musq 96 Musq 96 Musq 576. For the framinge of all suche squadrones eyther of greate or smale numberes whiche yove woulde have to be proportionally lined withe shott yove shall wourke in this maner folowinge Firste take the number of pikes whiche is 256. oute of the whiche take the square roote whiche is 16. and say that so many pikes shall the fronte and flanke of youre battell containe and that it is of equall strenghte every way as well to offende as to defende and when yove woulde drawe them into squadron for the more breuity yove may devide the fronte therof into two maniples eache one contayninge 16. rankes of 8. pikes in eache ranke nowe to proportionally guarnish the same withe the shot take youre full number of pikes and shot whiche is 576. oute of whiche nūber take the square roote whiche yove shall finde to by 24. that don substracte 16. the square roote of the pikes oute of 24. the square of the full number of pikes and shot and there shall remaine 8. this digit devide into two equal partes whiche is foure in eache parte and say that the squadron of pikes is to be lined every way withe 4. shott as by the devision of the same yove see meaninge that youre firste division of shott is to marche withe 16. rankes of 4. musketes in eache ranke whiche is to line the righte flanke of youre squadron of pikes and so many more rankes shall marche to line the lefte flanke of the squadron of pikes meaninge 16. rankes of 4. musketes in every ranke so the two flankes of youre squadron are lined That don say that the fronte of youre squadron is 16. and therunto ad 8 the linenge shott of the two flankes and it wil a monte to 24. To line the fronte of youre battell say that yove are to marche withe 24. rankes of 4. musketes in eache ranke and so many more for the linenge of the rerwarde of youre battell as the figure and divisiones shewethe and soe shall yove finde youre squadron proportionally lined every way whiche by the rule forme and divisiones of the same yove may plainly understande This rule will serve to frame all suche sortes of squadrones eyther of greate or smale numberes whiche yove woulde have to be proportionally lined withe shott as plainely the figure and divisiones before sheowethe In many countries hardly can youe finde the one haulf of there pikes armed withe complett corseletes soe that this rule will sheowe yove how to guarnish the unarmed pikes withe the complett corseletes proportionally every way advertisinge that the culoures is to marche in the center A cross battell of 1416. Souldieres of the whiche 512. are pikes and 904. musketes whiche are to be divided into 4 batteles and lined proportionally on the two flankes as by the figure and divisiones followinge are reasoned To wourke the whiche firste take the number of pikes for eache squadron of the 4. required for youre cross battell Nowe to youre purpose take the square roote of 128. pikes of youre firste squadron whiche will be 11. and 7. pikes remaininge and say that 11. pikes is the fronte and flanke of youre firste battell of pikes as alsoe of the other 3. batteles and 7. pikes remaininge in eache battell whiche shall serve to guarinsh the culoures soe that 11· is the fronte and flanke of eache one of youre 4. batteles of pikes and 7. pikes remayninge for the linenge of the culoures of eache battell of the 4. Nowe for the division of youre propounded number of shott Double the one flanke of eache one of the 4. batteles of pikes whiche double will by 88. this 88. the double flanke of the 4. batteles of pikes divide by 904. youre propounded number of musketes and the number in the quotient will by 10. and 24 musketes remayninge and say that the two flankes of eache of youre 4. batteles of pikes are to by lined withe 11. rankes of ten musketes in eache ranke as by the figure and deutiones folowenge yove may playnely see and withe the observation of this rule withe any other number eyther greate or smale yove shall withe facility knowe how to proportionably divide yovre shott for to guarinsh the two flankes of yovre squadron of pikes Thiese cross batteles are esteemed to be wonderfull stronge consideringe well the framinge therof It is also of wonderfull safegarde for the security of the bagadge amunitiones and hurte men and if the enemy shoulde chance to charge the firste battel or any of the other 3. whiche beinge a lone are but of litle force Wherfore consideration oughte to be taken of the stratagemes of the enemy and withe what order they do marche and then yove may double or tribele yovre fronte acordinge as occasion shall require and the situation shall permitt And if the enemy are stronge on horse regarde oughte to be taken in due time of the bagadge that it goe deposito or be twexte the two laste batteles and for theyr better security in suche ocationes I woulde cut two rankes of eache of the two laste batteles and therwithe guarnishe the fronte and regard of the bagadge and also withe shott under the shelter of this guarnison of pikes so that they may be shadowed and defended every way and give a triple fronte to the two laste batteles Cross Battell Severall sortes of armes are manadged in all coutries and in many places hardly can yove finde the one haulf of there pikes armed withe complett
0840 740 1580. Borgonones 0847 694 1541. Valones 0939 686 1625.  5500 4500 10000. A battel square of men framed of six nationes and who they shall un confusedlie fall into battell withe grace and brevitie dividinge to each nasion his parte of the vangarde acordinge the number of men they give in relasion as by the figure folowinge are orderly divided to fall into battell of a soddaine withoute any crossinge or cōfusion with the ensignes of each nation in the center of their pikes THe enemy aproachinge and understandinge that they are resolved to give battell the campe Master generall knowinge of the prudent brave conduction and resolute determination of the Spaniard Italian Irishe Englishe Borgonones and Valones comaundeth that there shoulde be chosen oute of thiese nationes to the number of 10000. of chosen men of tried valor and full resolution givenge order that a battell square of mē shoulde be framed of the saied 10000. men and for feare of confusion or contrauersie in tyme of fallinge into squadron he give the order that the Italianes shoulde folowe the Spaniardes the Irishe to folowe the Italianes the Englishe to folowe the Irishe the Borgonones after the Inglishe and the Valones to folowe the Burgonones and that eache natiō shoulde folowe one another as before declared withe the fronte and flanke that toucheth eache nation acordinge to the number of men they give in ralation that withe grace and brevity and withoute any crossinge or confusion eache nation may fall into squadron of a sodaine and that eache nation may have his parte of the vangarde acordinge to the number of men he givethe in relation To wourke the whiche i tought fit to set downe the rules for the divisiones of theese nationes as here foloweth Firste take the full number of pikes given in relation by the saide six Nationes which is 5500. oute of whiche take the square roote whiche is 74. the fronte and flanke of the battell and 24. pikes remaininge whiche shall serve to guarnishe the culoures That done bigin to guarnishe or line the two flankes of the battell of pikes withe short aleowinge five shot under the shelter or defence of eache pike whiche is the moste that can conveniently be defended under the same To finde oute the linenge shott of the righte flanke of the battell of pikes as before ordained multiply 74. the flanke by 5. and the producte will by 370. and say that the linenge shott of the right flanke is 74. rankes of 5 musketes in eache ranke and say that the righte flanke of the battell of pikes is lined withe shott To guarnishe or line the leifte flanke of the battell of pikes also say that it is 74. rankes of 5. musketes in eache ranke whiche makethe 370. musketes and say that youre two flankes of the battell of pikes are lined nowe to knowe the short that shal guarnishe the full fronte of the pikes and of the two lininges of the 2. flankes ad 10. the musketes of the 2. lininges to 74. the fronte of the pikes and it makethe 84. the full fronte then say that the division of shott that shall line or guarnishe the full fronte is to marche withe 84. rankes of five musketes in eache ranke and iuste so many more rankes shall marche in the fourte division of shot that shall guarnish the full fronte of the rerewarde advertisinge that eache division of the two last that lines the fronte and rerwarde conteines 420. musketes in eache so that the full number of shott of the afore saied 4. divisiones that shall line the two flankes fronte and rerwarde dothe a mounte to 1590. musketes comprehended 10. musketes for to guarnish the coloures thiese 1590. musketes deducte oute of the propounded and full number of musketes whiche is 4500. and there shall remaine 2910. musketes whiche i divide into 30. troupes whiche comethe to 97. musketes in eache troupe the whiche 30. troupes is divided in the 4. angles and two flankes of the battel as by the figure and divisiones folowinge youe may better perceive where all is ordered and set downe and withe as greate facility as the divisiones can affourde that there by suche as are not experte in aritmeticke nor in the theorike and practike of this arte may the sooner conceive the same  Pikes Musketes Soilderes Spaniardes 1040 840 1880. Italianes 0888 780 1668. Irishe 0946 760 1706. Englishe 0840 740 1580. Borgonones 0847 694 1541. Valones 0939 686 1625.  5500 4500 10000. THe full number of shott of the saied six nationes monted Oute of whiche is to be deducted the divisiones of the 4. linenges So that after deductinge the linenge shott of the 4. frontes of the battell of pikes resteth 2910. m. Whiche is divided into 30. troupes at 97 m. in eache troupe whiche are divided in the 4 angles and two flankes of the battell of pikes as by the figure and divisiones folowinge ordered and proportionally divided Advertisinge that oute of one of the troupes of musketes of the angles youe are to take 10. musketes to guarnishe the culores The divisiones of the pikes and the order wherewithe each nation shall marche to fall into battell withe grace and brevety BY the divisiones of the pikes before spoken of in dividinge 74. the flanke of youre squadron of pikes be 1040. the number of pikes the Spaniardes gave yove shall finde the number in the quotiente to by 14. and 4. remayninge and say that the Spaniardes are to marche withe 74. rankes of 14. pikes in eache ranke whiche is the order they are to observe when occasion offerethe to fall into squadron withe there coloures in the center of there pikes advertisinge that there restethe 4. pikes oute of there division 14 front 4. The Italianes who gave relation of 888. pikes is divided by the self same rule into 74. rankes of 12 pikes in eache ranke and in offeringe occasion withoute any crossing or confusion shall fall into battell withe this order and close uppon the leifte hande of the Spaniardes withe the culoures in the center and conforme them selves with the Spaniardes in fronte and flanke 12 front The Irish who gave relation of 946. pikes shall be divided into 74. rankes of 12. pikes in eache ranke withe theyr culoures in the center of theyr pikes and restethe 58. pikes oute of there division and they shal fall into battell withe this order and close uppon the lefte hande of the Italianes 12 front 58. The Englishe who gave relation of 847. pikes is divided into 74. rankes of aleaven pikes in eache ranke withe there culoures in the center and restethe 26. pikes 11 front 26. The Borgonones who gave relation of 841. pikes are divided into 74. rankes of 11. pikes in eache ranke and 33. pikes remaininge and withe there culoures in the center shall close uppon the lefte hande of the English when occasion offereth 11 front 33. The Valones who gave relation of 939. pikes is divided
847 694 1541. Valones 939 686 1625.  1786 1380 3166. THE THIRDE BATTELL NOwe to frame the thirde Battell of the 3166. men the Borgonones and Valones gave in relation meaninge 1786. pikes and 1380. musketes firste take the propounded number of pikes whiche is 1786. oute of whiche take the square roote whiche yove shall finde to be 42. soe that 42. is the fronte and flanke of the battell and 22. pikes remaininge whiche shall serve to guarnishe the culoures Put in case that occasion requirethe that youre linenge shott is to be no more then 3. musketes in ranke and say that 42. rankes of 3. musketes in eache ranke shall guarnishe the righte flanke of the battell of pikes and juste so many more for the linenge of the leifte flanke whiche two linenges makethe 252. musketes that don take 42. the fronte of the pikes and ad therunto 6. the linenge shott of the two flankes whiche two aditiones will make 48. To guarnishe the fronte of youre battell of pikes say that the thirde division of shott is 48. rankes of 3. musketes in eache ranke and juste so many more rankes for the linenge shott of the rerewarde of the battell of pikes observinge the self same order as dothe the thirde division of shott meaninge 148. rankes of 3. musketes in eache ranke whiche two divisiones for the linenge shott of the fronte and rerewarde makethe 288 musketes and soe the 4. sides of youre battell of pikes are proportionally lined every way the foure linenges importheth 540. musketes That don substracte 540. musketes oute of the full number of shot whiche is 1380. and there shall remaine 840. musketes whiche yove shall divide as time occasion or situation shall require whiche nowe i suppose conveniente to be divided into twenty troupes to be divided on the two flankes of the battell of pikes to skirmishe where occasion shall require in single or double fiele as the situation shall permitt and the occasion shall require at 42. musketes in eache troupe soe all youre shott and pikas are divided as before declared Advertisinge that the culoures shall marche in the center guarnished withe the 22 pikes that did remaine in the division of the pikes and by reason no shott did remaine oute of the divisiones of youre shott yove may take 12. shott oute of the laste division of shott to guarnishe the culoures soe youre three battelles are framed and by the figure folowinge youe see howe oute of there divisiones they fall into battell Greate consideration and curiosity is to by vnderstoode for the severall divisiones of shott as tyme and occasion shall require alwayes consideringe the situation and disposition of the grounde as also of the severall occasiones and advantadges in skirnmishenge withe greate or smale troupes withe single or double file and in whate distance when the enemy dothe abounde on horse and when nott and also in preventinge in due time the orderes and stratageames of the enemy Let none by ingnorante that when in the divisiones of pikes and shott theire resteth not inough to guarnish the culoures of force the necessary shott and pikes required for that purpose are to be cutt of the winges or troupes of the flankes and are to be rekoned where theire firste divisiones did fall as declared in the table of the battelles for if youe reken them in the battell and where their firste division did fall it can not confronte with the divisiones so observe still the rule of the divisiones as set downe and declared in breefe in the table of the battelles which is the righte way and generall rule This table is neowlie invented for that purpose where presentlie withoute any paines or trouble youe shall finde the reasones and proportion of all the divisiones of the batteles in breefe as well of the shott as of the pikes as also whate remaineth oute of the divisiones whiche table is of rare importance for the breefe explicatinge and orderinge of all the divisiones of battelles And besides for cause that many auctores do leaue the same in obscuritie to avoide prolixity as also to disperte the ingeniouse understandinge of those of perfection in this arte Table of the thirde battell Pikes contained in the boddy of the battell 1764 pikes Pikes remaininge to guarnish the culors 022 pikes Lininge shott of the righte flanke 126 musketes Lininge shott of the leifte flanck 126 musketes Lininge shott of the fronte of the battell 144 musketes Lininge shott of the fronte of the rergarde 144 musketes Musketes divided into 20. troupes on the flankes of the battell 828 musketes Musketes deducted to guarnish the culours 012 musketes  3166 men SQUARE OF MEN. Fronte of the seconde Battell Fronte of the firste Battell Fronte of the thirde Battell A Squadron square of grounde of 1116. souldieres of the whiche 576. are pikes and 540. musketes to reduce them into aperfecte squadron square of grounde firste take the propounded number of pikes whiche is 576. whiche youe shall multiply by 3. the producte wherof will be 1728 this producte divide by 7. and the number in the quotient will by 246. oute of this 246. take the square roote whiche will by 15. and say that youe founde oute the flanke of the battell of pikes nowe to finde oute the fronte of the battell take the propounded number of pikes whiche was 576. whiche youe shall divide by 15. the flanke the quotiente wherof will by 38. whiche is the fronte of the battell of pikes and there restethe 6. pikes whiche shall serve to guarnish the coulores so that 38. is the fronte and 15. the flanke Nowe for the division of youre 540. musketes firste say that for the girdelinge shott of the righte flanke of the battell of pikes muste marche 16. rankes of 5. musketes in eache ranke comprehended the ranke of the culors so the firste division of shott of the van garde is divided into 16. rankes of five musketes in eacheranke And the seconde division of shott of the vangarde and firste winge of the right flanke of the battell of pikes is divided into 19. rankes of 5. musketes in eache ranke The thirde division or winge of the vāgarde is also divided into 19. rankes of 5. musketes in eache ranke whiche shall serve for the seconde winge of shott of the vangarde and righte flanke of the battell of pikes so that 270. musketes the iuste haulf of the propounded number of shott are comprehended in the saied 3. divisiones of shott of the vangarde and righte flanke of the battel of pikes And for the girdelinge shott and two winges of the leifte flanke of the battell of pikes are also lefte iuste so many more Whiche shall observe the self same order in linenge the leifte flanke of the pikes Imeane 16. rankes of five musketes in eache for the girdelinge shott of the leifte flanke of the battell of pikes and 2. slives of 19. rankes of 5. musketes in eache ranke in whiche 6.
4. or into foure partes and the quotiente will by 250. whiche is the number of pikes that youre division yealdeth for eache of the 4. batteles of pikes nowe to frame the firste battell take 250. pikes and divide the same by 3. the quotient will by 83. of whiche 83. take the square roote which is 9. and say that 9. is the flanke of the battell nowe to finde oute the fronte take 250. the number of pikes and divide the same by 9. the flanke the quotient will by 27. and 7. pikes remayninge and say that 27. is the fronte and 9. the flanke and 7. pikes remayninge so yove finde oute the fronte and flanke of eache battell of the 4. and 7. pikes remaininge in eache battell whiche shall serve to guarnishe the coulores nowe for the division of youre shott take the propounded number of shott whiche is 1032 musketes and divide the same by 4. or into 4. partes and the number in the quotiente will by 258. whiche is the iuste number of shott youre division yealdethe for eache battell of the 4. of pikes that done take the number of pikes and shot that eache battell dothe conteine whiche is 508. this full number divide by 3. the quotient wherof wil be 169. oute of whiche take the square roote which will by 13. the flanke nowe to finde the fronte of the full number of pikes and shott take 508. and divide it by 13. the flanke and the quotiente will be 39. and 1. remaininge nowe take 10. the flanke of the pikes comprehendinge the linenge of the culors and substracte it oute of 13. the laste flanke of the full number of pikes and shott and there shall remaine 3. and say that the firste division of shott shall marche withe 10. rankes of 3. musketes in eache ranke whiche shall serve for the girdelinge shott of the right flanke of the firste battell of pikes and iuste so many more for the linenge shott of the leifte flanke so the two flankes of the battell of pikes are lined nowe to guarnishe the fronte of the battell of pikes ad 6 the 2. linenges to 27. the fronte of the pikes whiche two aditiones makethe 33. and say that the thirde division of shot shall marche withe 33. rankes of 3. musketes in eache ranke and iuste so many more rankes of musketes shall marche to guarnish the rerewarde of the battell of pikes and two linenges so the foure sides of the battell of pikes are proportionally lined every way and the selfe same order shall be observed for the divisiones of eache battell of the other three as the figure and divisiones followinge sheowethe theese cross batteles are esteemed to be of wonderfull force consideringe well the framinge of them and they are also of wonderfull safegarde for the bagage amunitiones and hurtemeÌ„ and if the enemy do come to charge on the firste battell or on any of the other outewarde batteles whiche beinge alone are but of litle force but the two outewarde batteles marchinge uppon bothe sides of the firste then it is of triple force and if the enemy doe charge on the rerewarde of the two alone batteles they close to gither and are of double force and if the enemy be stronge on horse and shoulde charge at once on the fronte and rerewarde then the bagage and hurtemen are to marche betwexte the two double batteles of the uangarde and rerwarde and cut so many pikes as shall guarnish the same on bothe sides to kepe of the fury of the horse so it is guarished every way as the divisiones and figure folowinge sheowethe by reason the culoures are doble lined and that yove muste cut 6. musketes for eache battell in the rekoninge shall difer so many it importeth nothinge be reason yove are to observe the generall rule of the table whiche is infallible Fronte of the first Battell Fronte of the thirde Battell Fronte of the seconde Battell Fronte of the fourthe Battell BY reason that by the divisiones the conveniente number of shott did not reste for the lininge of the culoures the 6. shott that wantes for that purpose in each of the foure battelles are to by taken oute of some of the divisiones soe that thies 6. musketes borowed shall difer But for not to err in the rekeninge alwayes observe the 〈…〉 of the diâ—isiones as set downe in the Table for beinge infalible and that moste comonly to muche or to litle pikes and shott are wonte to remaine for the lininge of the culoures soe that the firste divisiones ordered in the Table is the righte way for otherwise suche as are not curiouse and of rare judgement can not chuse but err in the rekeninge and so for to prevente remedy of this confusion and obscure rekeninge allwayes observe the divivisiones of the Table for beinge infalible by reason that the convenient number of pikes and shott did not remaine oute of the divisiones youe may cut one ranke alongste the flanke or fronte to guarnish the culoures Table of the cross Battell SEverall orderes are used for the repartinge and prudente orderinge of an army into sundry battalones as the occasiones and judiciouse intendimente of the prudente and brave Comaunder shall finde conveniente in devidinge them into 3.6.8.12 or 16 battalones whiche with facilitie are ordered by the prudente and experimented Sardgente mayor An army of 19200. divided into 16. battalones of broade fronte bienge divided by 16. eache battell shall containe 1200. whos fronte is 60. and flanke 20. as by the figures folowinge yove see ordered The army divided into 16 batteles of broade fronte 16. BATTELES The selfe same army of 19200. is divided into 12. battalones of broade froÌ„te yove shall by youre division finde each battalon to containe 1600. whos fronte is 69. and flanke 23. as the figures folowinge sheoweth The army divided into 12 batteles of broade fronte 12. BATTELES Three thousande men divided into six battelles of broade fronte ordered to fighte as by the figure followinge yove see the fronte of each battell is 41. and flanke 12. and 8. remaininge in the divisions of each battallon SEverall opiniones are for the divisiones and orderinge of the firy weapon some use winges of 200. some 300. shott but in my opinion it were far better to divide them into smale troupes of 50.60.70 and so till a 100. for by experience i knowe the same to by of for greater execusion in ocasiones of service and more ready eyther in plaine straighte or narowe places for the more troupes of shott yove have beinge prudently ordered and conducted the more shall the enemy by a plied the one orderly secondinge the other which questionless theire execution shall by far greater then if they were divided into greate troupes When yove shall come to any narowe or straighte pasadges consider whether the straighte by suche as will suffice that yove may pass trough the same with the order yove march if not conforme the order with the
performed reprehendinge whate he shall finde wourdie of punishmente but that to be don prudently and in curtouse sorte and presentinge good reasones withe amiable and gentle wourdes with gravitie and naturall grace and not with puffinge inconciderate pride and bad examples so shall he by obeyd in such sorte that when he woulde determine to execute his designes and orderes of his superior comaunderes all officeres and souldieres mighte beare him that due respecte and obedience whiche shoulde by required to bringe his purpose to effecte and let not griddy couetousnes overcome him in wronginge or permitinge to by wronged the poure souldieres of theire righte and specially in tyme of extreame necessitie but rather make knowen his gentle inclinationes and true love soe shall he by beloved feared and respected Let him not by inclined to any odiouse rancor nor malice in waitinge oportunitie of revenge of some wourdes or disputes whiche hapened betwexte him and some Officeres or Souldieres of his Regimente for defindinge they re honour and righte and findinge that he be so inclined is signe of aloe unconsiderate and base minde All Officeres and Souldieres of his Regimense oughte to have a speciall care in not loosinge him his due respecte and suche as do not a complish with theire obligationes hirein are righte wourthy of reprehension soe all thinges don with moderation and justice is laudable An army of 11200. men divided into five batteles Square of grounde ordered to fighte as by the figures folowinge youe see The fronte of eache battell is 72 and 31. the flanke and 8. remaininge oute of the division of eache battell eache battell containes 2240. The army divided into five battelles SQUARE OF GROVNDE by the rule of proportion The saiede army of 11200. divided into seaven battelles Square of grounde eache battell shall conteine 1600. and the fronte of eache battell is 61. and flanke 26. and 14. pikes remaininge oute of eache battell to guarnish the culoures the which 7. battelles are ordered as by the figure folowinge youe see 1600. men in each battell The army divided into 7. battelles SQVARE OF GROVNDE By the rule of proportion A Battell square of men withe a center of Arcabuseros which can not by defended under the shelter of the couched pike when the enemy doe a bounde on horse and wee feowe or none in suche ocasiones the sureste way for the overpluse of shot is to by putt into the center and proportionally guarnised with the pikes and musketes as by the figure folowinge youe see and howe they are diuided by the rule of proportion 276 Arcabuses 360 Pikes 364 musketes 1000. Table of the battell and center of Arcabuseros deposito BY the division of the center of Arcabuseros the square route of the same number yealdeth 16. Arcabuses in fronte and flanke of the center and 20. remaininge oute of the division monteth 256 arcab The firste division of pikes that guarnisheth the righte flanke of the center divided into 16. rankes of 5. pikes in each monteth 80 pikes The secoÌ„de division of p. that guarnisheth the liefte flaÌ„ke of the center divided into 16. r. of 4. p. in each 64 pikes The thirde division that guarnisheth the full fronte and the two linenges of the center is divided into 25. rankes of 5. pikes in each ranke monteth 125 pikes The fourthe division of pikes that guarnisheth the full fronte of the reâ—warde is divided into 25. ranke of 4. pikes in each ranke monteth 100 pikes The lining of musk that guarnisheth the right flank of the pikes is divided into 25. r. of 3. m. in each 75 musk The seconde lining of mus that guarnisheth the liefte flank of the p. divided into 25. r. of 3. m. in each 75 musk The thirde division of musketse that guarnisheth the full fronte of the pikes and center is divided into 31. rankes of 3. musketes in each ranke 53 musk The fourthe division of musketes that guarnisheth the reâ—warde of the pikes and center is divided into 31. rankes of 3. musketes in each ranke monteth 93 musk The remainder of musketes that do guarnish the culoures 8 musk Of the 20. arcabuseres that did remaine goes to guarnish the culoures 4 arcab The 11. pikes that did remaine oute of the division of pikes are employed to guarnish the culours 11 pikes Of the remainder of arcabuseros their remaineth oute of the battell 16 arcab  1000. The election and office of a Master de Campe of a Regimente of Infanterie THe office of the Master de campe of a Regimente of Infanterie is an office of greate reputation which by all reason oughte to be recomended to one of greate prudence brave conduction and skillfull in martiall affaires for beinge the heade leader and ordinarie justice af all the Companies a pointed under his chardge He be all reason oughte to by one of greate consideration because that by him are all the orderes and necessarie prevensiones for the generall goode and utilititie of his regiment delivered to the Sargente mayor alsoe to the Captaines Souldieres and other Officeres of his Regimente as alsoe to all sorte of people whiche do followe and depende on the same To him apertaineth the ministringe of justice and reprehendinge of faultes and unrulie factes comitted in his Regimente in suche places as his Master de campe Generall or Captaine generall are not in presence to whome he is to presente many matteres whiche doe ocurr Whiche by right in suche places as they are presente muste governe all But as an ordinarie justice the Master de campe is to by comunicated withall in all matteres whiche ocurr in his Regimente the examinationes of thies causes are to be taken and examined by his Autor and if occasiones of appellation shoulde represente they are to be remitted to the campe master generall This election of a Master de campe or Coronell is made by the Prince with the advice of his Counsell of state and warr And in this election greate consideration oughte to be taken For beinge suche an honorable chardge of highe degree as chieftaine or head above all the Captaines and other Officeres of his Regimente havinge dominion and jurisdiction over them all By whiche may by perceived the highe dingnitie and degree of suche a person and the a proved partes brave conduction valeoure and goode examples whiche of him is to be expected to the ende that the Captaines may imitate his prudente perfection and brave govermente In suche places where the Captaines of his Regimente do assiste with him of all occurrances and occasiones of warr they are to advertice they re Master de caÌ„pe and if any Officer or Souldier by a prehended for faultes comitted they can not by put at libertie withoute the Master de campes order beinge in his jurisdiction In time of the Romaines Polybe writeth that this name we call Colonell or Master de campe was then cauled Tribunus and they cauled Legion of that whiche we call a
had soe the Generall knowinge this matter to be of suche importance to his Majesties service is to see it prevented before hande Greate consideration oughte to by taken in knowinge where beste to plante the ordenance and to fortifie and intrinche with speede as time and ocasion shall require and to keepe good watch and to by a companied with good Controulers for to provide all sortes of provisiones He is to knowe who to a proach and who with prudence and good watch and vigilance to secure him selfe and Artillerie and in many ocasiones not to truste to many butt rather in person and with speede to see thies thinges putt in execution as the importance of the occasion shall require and to be well garded on every side He is to see that his Artillerie doe orderly marche and such as do not obey the orderes by him given to see them severelie punished he is to knowe at nighte who his ordenance shall by planted for the execution he shall exspecte and by day see the same ordered in takinge the heighte and line for his purpose eyther a farr of or neere if it by into a cittie towne or forte or in the fronte of the enemy or if by chance they shoulde come to defeate him to by prevented When occasion shall offer to pass an army over deepe riveres it is necessarie to by well provided of boathes of two yardes and haulfe deepe wheruppon bridges are to by framed which are to be made of stronge tember and plankes to pass the Artillery and the whole army as did that famouse and prudente Conductor Marques SPINOLA in takinge of Reinbarke and the scounse over the Rhine and in takinge Vesell and in the honorable regaininge of Breda They are wonte to carie for thies bridges sometimes 30. boathes sometimes more Firste consideringe the greatnes of the river where they meane to pass over To which purpose is required a Captaine for every fiftine boathes and to each boath foure Marineres some times more and sometimes less acordinge as the Generall shal thincke fitt and as many Carpinteres as shall by toughte necessarie also-Smittes to sheowe horses and for many other purposes a store of anccores cables graplinges while wrightt with such necessaries Befittinge his purpose and allwayes muste not faile whiles to spare for the cannon and greate ordenance fearinge least any while shoulde breake that presently prevension may by had THE THIRDE CHAP. THe Artillerie whiche is to by conducted with an army is to by comaunded by the Captaine generall consideringe the executiones he doethe pretende and the greatnes of his army and the circuide they may ocupie they carie 30. or 35. canonnes of greate cice for batterie some more sometimes lesh acordinge the execution some shoote a bullet of 45.50.60.66 pounde from 7. to 8. inches in heighte 15. Haulfe cannonnes from 25. pounde bullet to 30. 16. Culverines from 16. to 20. pounde bullet 26. Demy Culverines 25. Falcones and falconetes 82. Greate store of cannon-pouder and alsoe a goode quantitie of pouder for smale shott a store of leader bagges to carie pouder behinde men a horsebake when any sodaine occasion soe requireth hides to cover the pouder in the cariadge of the same pices of chaines and broken yron cartages full of musket bulletes to shoote oute of greate ordenance in the fronte of a battel or any order of men a prochinge neere to execute thire intente In suche and semblable ocasiones the aforesaiede instrumentes bienge well handled by goode and skillfull Canonieres in due time are of wonderfull executiones and do putt the enemy in mightie terron in many occasiones by sea and lande greate quantitie of bullettes for youre greate ordenance and goode store of match and bulletes for the smale shott a store of mattokes shoules and pickaxes hatchetes and axes to cutt woode and fagotes and a store of wood houkes a store of plankes and peeces of timber whiche may serve for many purposes greate store of basketes to carie earthe to fill the gabiones and cover the smale shott in trinches and fortificationes sledges and yron barres to breake rockes greate and smale sawes laddeles of brace and they re staufes sponges rameres for eache sorte of the greate ordenance greate store of A Table for to finde oute the names of the greate ordenance nowe used for ofensive and defensive warres the height of their diameter or height of their bullettes and theire weights the compass of the same weight of the pouder required to each peece the weight of eache peece of ordenance lenght of the same their thicknes linght of their laddells and the breade of the same the number of men sufficient to drawe each peece and the number of horses requisite for to drawe the same the distance of paces eache peece cariethe at point blanke the distance of paces eache greate peece shootes at utmoste random the lenght of the coyler rope requisite for to drawe eache peece The names of the peeces of greate ordenance The height of the diameter of everie peece in enches and partes Heighte of the bullet in inches and partes VVeight of the shot in pouÌ„des and partes Compas of the shot in inches and partes VVeight of corne pouder due to charge each peee in pouÌ„des VVeighte of the peece in poundes The lenghte of the peece en feete Thicknes of the mettall at the touche hole in inâ—hes and partes Thicknes of the peece at the neck of the same Lenghte of the laddel in inches and partes The breade of the laddell Lenghte of the planckes of the cariage in feete The number of men suficient to drawe each peece when nede require The number of the horses requisite to drawe each peece of ordinance Distance of pases the peece carieth at point blanke The distance of pases each great peece shootes at utmoste randon The lenght of the coyler roape requisit to drawe each peece Cannon 8 7 ¼ 64 25 1 7 32 8000 12 8 4 23 ½ 15 16 â…” 90 16 300 1500 70 Cannon serpintin 7 ½ 7 ¼ 52 23 4 7 26 7000 11 ½ 7 ½ 3 ¾ 22 14 ¼ 16 ¼ 80 14 340 1600 66 Frence Cannon 7 ¼ 7 ½ 46 ¾ 22 11 14 23 6500 12 7 ¼ 3 2 â— 21 13 ¼ 16 70 12 360 1740 64 Demi canoÌ„ eildest 6 ½ 6 ¼ 36 â… 21 â—3 14 20 6000 11 2 4 6 ¼ 3 â…› 22 12 15 ½ 65 11 370 1800 60 Demi canoÌ„ ordin 6 ½ 6 ¾ 32 20 2 7 18 5600 10 ½ 6 ½ 3 20 11 ½ 15 60 10 350 1700 54 Demi canon 6 ¼ 5 ¼ 24 ½ 18 6 7 16 5000 11 6 3 1 10 21 11 ½ 16 56 9 340 1600 46 Culveringe 5 ½ 5 ½ 19 17 2 7 15 ½ 4600 13 ¼ 5 ½ 3 22 9 ½ 18 50 8 420 2100 40 Ordinari culver 5 ¼ 5 ¼ 16 ¼ 16 ½ 12 4300 12 5 ¼ 2 ¾ 21 9 17 2 4 46 8 400 2000 36 Demi culveringe 4 ½ 4 11 ¾ 14 1 7
lanterne of all the army soe that they may imitate him for moste comonlie averteouse prudente and valiante generall will chuse valiante verteouse and prudente Captaines and Officeres prudente and valerouse Captaines oughte to estime verteouse valiante and skilfull souldieres The accidentes of warr are so many that it altherethe the houmore of some professores of this arte excepte they by indued with singular vertue and constancie which are founde but in verie feowe Very many dificulties doe offer in the daylie ocurrantes of warr but greate abilitie is requiered to see them prudently ordered and hardely can any master be had of suche perfection but that some times he muste err To relate in particular of the partes required in a generall it were tediouse Wherfore i will name the foure princlpal partes the Greekes and Romaines desired to occurr in such personages firste to be skillfull in the arte of warr to be valiante and of brave and prudente resolution to sheowe him selfe with greate gravitie and auctoritie and to be fortunate in his sucesses If he be acompanied with the partes and proprietie before declared it is inough Nevertheless he hase inoughe to learne For the better securitie and success of his army it is necessarie that his person be still well garded in all plases where he marches with his army And trough his valeoure and mangnanimitie findinge that he is inclined to presente him selfe the firste in all dangeres his consell of warris not to permitt him for many respectes for bienge kilth or taken prisoner it were no smale matter That besides it is an ocasion to animate the enemie and to disanimate oures wherof greate consideration oughte to be taken The Greekes and Romaines for the defence and repose of theire republike have chosen theire Captaine generalles of souldieres of greate and longe experience in martiall actiones wherby they mighte prudentlie governe and comaunde with full auctoritie and due respecte And therfore they alwaies did chuse thies personadges of men of longe practice greate experience in warr and of reepe yeares and judgement It is true that Alexander Magnus beinge but of yonge yeares begon to governe and comaunde an Army and conquered all Asia and did put the worlde in amace Somtimes it is moste conveniente that Kinges and Princes in person be presente withe theire armies for many respectes thouge theire experience be not greate but when suche ocasiones do presente they carie with them the moste anciente and experimented Captaines they finde as did Alexander of those Captaines whiche Kinge Philip his father had for his Counseleres and conductores of warr And as did Kinge Philipe of Spaine when he elected don Juan de Austria for his Captaine generall he a pointed for his Lieutenante don Luis de Suniga the gran comendador of castilla And to the contrarie who infortunate hapened to don Sebastian Kinge of Portugall not to imitate thies renoomed examples of perperpetuall memorie in his infortunate and disastred journey made into barbarie he beinge yonge and vnexperimented in warr whiche was cause of his and his armies perdicion so that yonge Princes in warres oughte to have for theire Counseleres grave and experimented Captaines none can denay but this Kinge was of a high conceite and of amoste brave and valerouse determinasion but by reson of his yonge yeares and lesse experience in warr he wanted prudence for the due conduction of such an honarble action In the honorable journey made by the famouse and renoomed conquerour Kinge Edward the thirde into France sendinge his eyldest son the Prince of wales for generall Naminge for his Counselers and Captaines the valiante prudente and renoomed Earles of oxforde warwick suffolk and salisbury where at the battell of Poytieres they made knowen theire vndeniable prudence and greate valour that at lenghte they overthrewe the whole power of france and theire Kinge Iohn and his son Philipe were taken prisoneres with very many of the frence nobilitie to the Inglish is perpetuall glorie and fame Aniball that renoomed Captaine of perpetuall memorie was but very yonge when he began to governe an army but he had for his Counseleres anciente and prudente Captaines and was ruled and governed by them till he came to understandinge givinge many famouse battelles and overthrowes to the Romaines till at the ende he was overcome with Cipio Africano that renomed Captaine of the remaines The Captaine generall oughte to informe him selfe well of the forces qualitie and condiciones of his enemy if bisonos or rawe men or oulde and experimented souldiers alsoe to be well informed of the cituation strenghte and forme of theire citties townes fortes and stronge houldes and of the convenienteste plases to passe over thire riveres Alsoe to informe him selfe of the situation of their campes so that he mighte be the better prevented when ocasion shall offer alsoe to be well informed of persones of goode judgemente and truste of all the dificulties that maie hinder him so that in due time he may prevente all necessarie prevenciones and specially see that he trusteth the relatinge of thies and many more ocasiones to persones of greate fidelitie and truste and of goode understandinge When the Captaine generall shall inter to conqueste aforaigne country he is to indevoure with speede to put him selfe in pocession of the principaleste pasadges of riveres casteles and stronge plases and with speede see them well provided with all necessaries that thereby he may put the country under subiection and that his amunitiones and all other necessaries may be transported with the more securitie from one place to another and withe speede to see all places fortified in as muche as can posible where any parte of his army beinge constrained trough extreame necessitie may safelie repaire unto For it faleth oute often times that the ocurrantes of warlike affaires are subjecte to many disgrases and may be when we leshe feare Wherfore aprudente comaunder oughte in due time to prevente suche dificulties which is the kea and securitie of his army and specially to see thies plases well provided with all sorte of amunitions and to see that they be recomended to the care and chardge of carefull vigilante prudente and valerouse Captaines When resolution is taken to scale any towne forte or stronge place firste information oughte to be taken by skillfull and trustie persones of al dificulties which mighte be suspected or feared as alsoe of the juste heighte of the walles that ladderes may be made for that purpose and not to be overlonge for bienge dangerouse for cause that the enemy may easilie turne them up side downe Thies ladderes are not to be so shorte but that they may reache to the place of theire execution for thies executiones moste comonlie are firste imploied pikemen of chosen and valerouse souldieres to make way till the shott followe to socoure them duringe whiche time they are to mantaine the place with greate valeoure till all the shott do ioyne and then with speed goe
Thies bullettes are excelente to burne shippes and to by caste into townes to burne houses they re execution is of suche wonderfull force that questionless they will burne an oaken boorde and if youe caste water uppon them the more they will burne and will make suche a wonderfull noyce able to putt the behoulderes in greate terror and specially suche as have no understandinge of they re operation for when the water is caste uppon them they shall give a greate crie juste as if it were of a wilde boare wherof i made severall triales wourdie the lookinge uppon and none of the behoulderes of the same durste stay neere in a greate distance for the strange operation of the same and the terror whereunto they put the behoulderes but such as knowe of the course of they re operation whiche is almoste incredible but to suche as are a quainted with the same For the better execution of the cross barres and specially be sea they shoulde be made with yron chaines fastened to the end that firste muste by put into the peece whiche is moste excelente to cut sayles of shippes ropes mastes and to make other greate spoyles the figure of whiche yove see heere folowing where the lette C. sheoweth Thies cross barres are to be coated as before taughte and with the selfe same mixtures the bulletes are alsoe to be coated takinge regarde that the bullet be made no greater but that it mighte inter into the peece of ordenance oute of whiche yove meane to shoote the same And they are to be doble bounde all rounde aboute very well with stronge marlin corde fearinge that be the greate force of theire roaringe and wrastlinge oute of the peece the ocam and compositiones beinge not well bounde shoulde be untied and tacke no effecte which questionless it will excepte it by verie well bounde as before declared of the whiche i caused my selfe triall to be made The figure of thies bulletes and cross barres youe see hire marked with the letter C. C. THE SIXTE CHAP. TO arme a haulfe pike with fire-wourcke to inter or bourde shippes per force or to inter into a trence or baterie or breake any order or array where the balles fastned to them shall fall thies balles are to be made of lighte woode of the bignes or somwhate greater then abuter box and of the very selfe same makinge but that it muste be bored with foure holes crosswise and of the greatnes that youre thom might inter into them whiche shall by filled in this maner folowinge Take of the same mixtures and compositiones that was ordained for the artificiall canes to whiche youe are to ad two partes of rosen and one parte of brimstone of the beste and melt thies togither putinge alitle Aqua vitae to them of the strongeste yove can finde and bienge well corporated and molten put the other mixtures over the fire and when they are hote put the molted rosen and brimstone to them and corporate all togither and beinge almoste coulde fill youre artificiall balles therewith as full as they can houlde putinge a litle of the drieste mixtures and pouder in the mouthe of each hole of the foure and alitel cotten boyled in gun pouder brandevin and gineper-oyle and afterwardes dried verie well that therby they may presently kindel fire That don take as much ocam or towe as will cover or coate them makinge aplaster of the same of ahaulfe ence thik or litle lesh this coate or plaster cause to by sod over asofte fire in fine beaten pouder to the quantitie of foure partes of saltepiter two partes rosin two partes armoniacke haulfe a parte brimstone one parte and all thies beinge firste beatē into pouder let them be wet in brandevin and giniper-oyle and well corporated togither then take as muche ocam as will cover them as before declared and when all thies mixtures are well corporated and dried over asofte fire then spread them uppon the ocam with whiche yove entende to coate youre ball and put on the same to the thicknes of haulfe anence or litle lesh of the saied mixtures and wrapp the same rounde aboute the ball and let it be tied verie well with marlin corde and when all this is don take a peece of gunpoder matche beinge well handled and dried and binde it in severall partes of the ball that in touchinge the same with youre ordinarie matche it will presentlie kindell fire and withoute delay and it will bigin to burne with amoste wonderfull flame and terrible noyce that it will put the behoulderes in greate terror and if it fall uppon abourd or any other thinge apte to kindle fire it will burne it into aeishes and alsoe the cover that goes aboute the same the terror wherunto thies balles do put the behoulderes of rhem when they burne is vncredible but to suche as do see the same wherof jmade severall proofes and founde it soe that no boddy durste stay neere thies haulfe pikes somtimes are armed with skubbes made of fire wourcke which alsoe are goode to offende or defende thies balles and haulfe pikes are of rare executiones which draughte yove see hire vnder marked with the letter D. D. A prudente and brave conductor of aforecaste considerasion bienge determined with military prudence and resolusion of his and of his souldiores valoure to fall on any execusion moste comonly they are wonte to have goode sucesses to which effecte many stratagemes and military prudence is required And bienge in the fielde and resolved to give battell or at leaste to dommadge or put the enemy in greate terror Verie necessary it were to by provided withe bulletes cross barres and yron chaines armed with wilde fire to by shutt oute of greate ordenance the which in suche ocasiones as also in sea servicees are of rare execusiones bienge prudently armed and manadged by one of perfecte judgemente and longe practice in this arte Thies bulletes or cross barres bienge shoote oute of greate ordenance in the fronte of abattell or of an army in areasonable neere distance are of wonderfull executiones and specially yron chaines and cross barres They are alsoe goode to cut the tackle of shippes shroudes mastes yardes top mastes sailes c. The draugh of which bulletes yove see hire folowinge where the draughte with the letter A. sheoweth And howe to chaine them togither when yove put them into a peece of ordenance And the draughte with the letter B. sheoweth howe the same flieth trough the ayre when it is dischardged oute of a peece of ordenance and who it spreadeth a sonder in some execusiones they are armed with artificiall fire-wourckes to burne townes shippes the quarteres of the enemy as also theire store houses or magasenes whiche cross barres are envented for that purpose and bienge prudently handled and armed by one of perfection in fire wourckes i am asured that if they fall into any thinge apte to kindle fire withoute delay they shall burne and kindell fire for often
perceived and specially when it begines to decline oute of his righte course or line and the more darcke the nighte is when it is dischardged oute of a peece of ordenance the better youe may discerne it but in the begininge of the range or line youe can not see it so perfecte as when it begines to decline to the earthe which i have tried at the leager of Breda the nighte a pointed for the triumphe don for the regaininge of that place If for curiositie youe woulde have a ball made with wilde fire to burne within the water let the coate therof firste burne a litle before youe caste it into the water soe that it gives fire to the compositiones there in ordained for his execution whiche beinge fired to wit that parte or partes where in the vente is beinge filled with ayre doth cause the other partes of the same to shume and burne a bove the water with a wonderfull noyce admirable to the behoulderes The balles made for this purpose are lighte and if youe put them into a peece of ordenance beinge loaden with the ordenary pouder required for the executiō of the same in their roaring and wrastlinge of this ball it will burste unto peeces Soe that for to shoute bulletes or balles oute of greate ordenance armed with fire wourcke the cross barres nowe of late invented is the beste the maner of arminge and coatinge thies bulletes and cross barres i have set downe before who and with whate compositiones whiche are of rare executiones by sea and lande beinge well ordered by one of perfecte judgemente in this arte I have alsoe put downe neowe invented cross barres to be shot oute of greate ordenance whiche beinge armed as before taughte are excelente to burne townes and the enemyes quarteres and iam well asured that no comprabell device for that purpose was as yet invented neyther to by shoot in the fronte of a battell i meane those cross barres invented with chaines for beinge dischardged oute of a peece of ordenance in a reasonable neere distance in the fronte of a battell or any order or array y doupte not that it is the beste invention that hase beene divised as yet for that purpose the enemy beinge a reasonable distance of But the enemy beinge very neere at hande the cartadges and bagges filled withe musket bulletes nayles peeces of brocken yron peeces of chaines which beinge shoote oute of greate ordenance are of wonderfull executiones beinge handeled by prudente and curiouse gunneres of perfecte judgemente and longe practice in this arte The draught marked with the letter N. sheoweth howe the saied cross barr shall be put into the peece and the letter O. sheoweth howe the same flieth violently trough the ayre and howe it spreadeth a sonder when it is shott oute of the peece givinge a terrible noyce in his motion and range N. O. The draught marcked with the letter P. sheoweth howe this other cross barr is to be put into the peece and when it is dischardged the letter Q. sheoweth howe it spreadeth a sonder and flieth withe greate violence in his line and range P. Q. THE TENTHE CHAP. Treatinge of the confines of a Kingedome as alsoe of the goode lawes to by observed in the same and of many necessary instructiones thereunto apertaininge and who the same is to by fortified and stronge by arte or by nature or by bothe SUch as are desirouse to be couriose and experte in warlike afaires it importeth that they be of goode judgemente in fortificasiones as well to offende as to defende Notwithstandinge that for this purpose in all kingdomes and states are elected ingineres a luinge them a goode pinsion Yet suche as are of longe practice in warr and do aplie them selves well in hope to by advanced by theire a proved goode partes and suficiencie oughte to exercice them selves in fortificationes bienge very necessarie in owne who profesed to be experte in this arte of warr and knowe howe to intrinch and fortifie him selfe in many ocurrantes in oppen filde howe to cutt a trince to win a towne or any stronge place As also to knowe howe to drawe the plott of townes fortes and castelles and also in knowinge all necessaries for the defence therof and to know howe to prevente the stratagemes to be feared of his enemy Douptless thies thinges are of greate consideration for the strenghte of akingdome consisteth much in beinge well fortified togither with the quantitie and qualitie of his subiectes and in the goode qualitie of his dominion and country Those princes and Reepublikes are judged mighty and stronge whiche in theire kingdomes and states do montaine goode religion goode lawes and goode armes and do exercice the same and do inioy holsom ayre fertill grounde and naturall strenghte with suche other conveniente comodities therunto required To by vnderstoode that all countries are strōge by nature or by arte or by both By nature they are stronge when they are inuiored withe the sea rounde aboute or on parte therof or backed with marrasses or riueres and those to be stronge by arte and in theire frontieres nexte adjoyninge and places moste conveniente to haue townes castelles and fortresses fortified by arte All confines are eyther maritime or mediterraneall or both the one and the other whether they are montanouse places or in plaine campaina or do participate of the one and the other if they by mediterraneall it muste by viewed and considered on whate parte the enemy might come to offende the same and where he mighte moste comodiouse come to atempte And it is alsoe to be considered on whate partes he mighte make his inroades and retire a gaine with safetie and whether their by any situation whiche beinge fortified by the enemy mighte moleste or a noy the country nexte adioyninge If the confines of the kingdom by maritime or on the sea coaste all the coaste and circuide of the same are to by viewed and remarcked that prevention mighte be taken in due time in as muche as may posible to hinder the enemyes imbarcasion in the places moste fitt for the same Yea and in all places whiche mighte by suspected if it be posible for the better securitie of the kingdom or state but in some kingdomes the circuide and places on the sea coaste are so greate that hardly all can be fortified and so the enemy ariuinge with a mightie army and mighte be in a place litle suspected may put the kingdom and country in greate perill and danger as was seene by the spanishe navie at the conqueste of portugall when they landed neere cascales in a place never thoughte vppon by the portugeses so that they founde them selves deceived thinckinge that the disembarcation shoulde have beene betwexte the citti of Lisboa and Sangilians castell where they stoude fortified in theire trinches with determination to hinder the disēbarcation of the spanish navie but he landed in aplace far better for his purpose and of muche lesh danger whiche was
justice a mongste them in honoringe and preferenge those of brave cariage and goode examples that otheres may imitate thē in redresinge in due time disorderes in seinge severely punished factioneres wholy given to vice and bad examples whiche are more dangerouse then the divell so shall he bothe by beloved and feared by the Souldieres in knowinge that he is carefull in ministringe and procuringe justice to eache one acordinge his deserte and specially to se base factioneres banished and severly punished when there is no hope of there amendmente In occasiones of marchinge the Sardgent mayor is to take a speciall care to procure all thinges to be in a readines to bigin his jurney verie early that the Souldieres may come in goode time to theyr quarter for many considerationes to theyr comodity and ease and in they re marche not to opress them but keepe an ordinary pace for otherwise verie many shall stay behinde To make al to nowe and then where he shall hit uppon good water and he ought to have aregarde in pasinge narowe pasadges and make alto a distance of till they all have paste and fal into there former divisiones and rankes a Sardgente oughte to be leifte in eache division of the Regimente that he may yealde acompte of them at all times and observe the order as it was ordained by the Sargente mayor withe so many rankes and the self number so that withe facility oute of there marche they may fall into squadron when occasion shall require and suche a Sardgente or Sardgentes as troughe negligence shall not acomplish his obligation to reprehende him in publike In time of the Romaines suche as were inclined to disobedience in not acomplishinge there order and obligation they were so severly punished that no Souldier durste by absente from his ranke and the Sardgentes and Officeres of eache division of they re marchinges had suche care in acomplishinge whate was referred to there charge withe suche punctuality that full satisfaction was yealded In extraordinary heate weather in somer when the Sardgente mayor marchethe withe his Regimente greate consideration oughte to be taken as before spoken of by cause of the extraordinary heate and heavy burden of the Souldier some times they are chockte and burned with heate and for shame and regarde of there honor they rather try danger of deathe then stay behinde there culoures When the Sardgente mayor shall marche withe his Regimente in any place or contry where the enemy is to be feared the divisiones ought not to by greater then that they may comodiously marche nor lesse thē the thirde parte of the squadrō of pikes some times withe the one haulfe and some times in battell allwayes takeng regarde of the situation and occasion The Master de campe in marchinge withe his Regimente as cheefe of the same is to marche in the vangarde nexte to whose person is to assiste the Sardgente mayor as a principall minister to whome he deliveres the orderes of his Regimente but if the enemy shoulde chance to charge on the reregarde he as a cheefe conductor of his Regimente is to assiste in the place moste to be feared of the enemy to comaunde and execute in due time whate is moste fitt The Sardgente mayor beinge in campiana and beinge informed that his Regimente is to marche the nexte morow he is to repaire to the Captaine generall of whome he is to demaunde order where his Regimente shall marche in the vangarde battell of reregarde and he is to advertice and give order to the Captaine de campania to gett all the bagadge charged uppon the a poincted houre ordained and not to faile in acomplshinge the same and if the vangarde belonges to him he is to comaunde the Captaine de campania to get all thinges in a redineshe at the breake of day and to give order that the culoures and companies of his Regimēte withe speede drawe oute of the quarter and to marche on to the place of armes and there to frame his squadron givinge order to eache Captaine where he shall marche that day and divide the Sargentes and sheowe each one his division and givinge thē straighte charge that they acomplishe there obligatiō withe care and punctuality and that no Souldier doe misse his ranke nor breake the order given if the narownes of the pasadge do not constraine him and let no Souldier pass to spoyle the poore inhabitantes and if he wante any Souldier of those of his division or if any come unto them more then the order given to adverice the Sardgent mayor and for recompence of his punctualitie and care in acomplishinge his obligation he shall gaine the benevolence of his Master de campe and Sardgent mayor and in reason they oughte to have a memory of his punctuall care and to prefer him into a greater office for his obedience and punctuallitie a monghste other Sardgentes and not once nor twice but still makinge knowen his aproved partes care and diligence in acomplishinge the orderes of his Superiores soe can he not by forgotten by the superior officers till he by advāced for his undeniable care and obedience Moste necessary it is for a Sargent mayor to be couriouse and experte in executinge well his office for in tyme of framinge of squadrones the Judges of his errores are many in time of framinge of squadrones some Sardgēts mayores do fall into many errores by reason of there litle exercice and specially for not appliēge them selves withe care and diligence bothe in the theorike and practike of this arte and specially to by skilfull in Arithmeticke whiche withe practice makethe easy many rare occurrantes in warrlike affaires and suche as are not curiouse in well appleinge them selves in learninge the rare and deepe curiosities of this arte do some times finde them selves pusled and amased before there enemy in time of moste neede A moste unfitinge thinge it is for one to be ingnorante and unhabele in his office soe i supose that suche as do not diligently apply them selves can hardly reduce into perfection that wherof he is ingnorante and knowethe not the arte by dayly experience we see that favor frendshipp enteres and affection hinderethe muche prosperity and goode successes and specially in this noble arte of warr Many opiniones there are for the divisiones of shott and specially when the enemy are stronge on horse and that youe have two thirde partes of shott unto one of pikes youre battell beinge empaled and girdeled proportionally withe shott there will yett remayne goode store of shott The question is how they shall be bestowed to be safe from the fury of the horse the sureste and beste way is to put them into the center of the battell of pikes where they are more safe and if any shott be killed or hurte youe can take at all times oute of the center as many as youe shall neede of For the framinge of thiese battelles withe centeres i have