Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	battle_n	great_a	slaughter_n	1,027	5	9.5987	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30105	Chirologia, or, The naturall language of the hand composed of the speaking motions, and discoursing gestures thereof : whereunto is added Chironomia, or, The art of manuall rhetoricke, consisting of the naturall expressions, digested by art in the hand, as the chiefest instrument of eloquence, by historicall manifesto's exemplified out of the authentique registers of common life and civill conversation : with types, or chyrograms, a long-wish'd for illustration of this argument / by J.B. ...	J. B. (John Bulwer), fl. 1648-1654.	1644 (1644)	Wing B5462A; ESTC R208625	185,856	386

to doe and take some famous exploit in Hand and is a naturall posture of an exalted and victorious power Hence he is said to have his RIGHT HAND EXALTED who is made powerfull and glorious Hence the Prophet Micha Thy HAND SHALL BE LIFT UP upon thine adversaries that is Thou shalt overcome and be victorious And to this gesture the Psalmist alludes Thou hast SET UP THE RIGHT HAND of his adversaries Wee reade in Deuteronomy that the Lord would have scattered his people but hee feared their enemies should wax proud and say our HIGH HAND and not the Lord hath done all this And that mirrour of patience The HIGH ARME of the wicked shall be broken The Psalmist using the expression and signification of this gesture in great attempts Arise O Lord LIFT UP THINE HAND And againe Thou hast a mighty Arme strong is thy Hand and HIGH IS THY RIGHT HAND And the Scriptures generally under the metaphor of this gesture shadow out the power of God manifested in the delivery of the children of Israel out of Aegypt who under this phrase is significantly said to have brought them out from thence openly and by maine force ¶ That it is significant in their Hands who goe about to set in Hand a businesse to omit other confirmation appeares in Pharaohs speech to Joseph were he said unto him I am Pharaoh and without thee shall no man LIFT UP HIS HAND in Aegypt Examples of this attempting gesture are not wanting in prophane Histories For the day on which the battaile of Pharsalia was strucken Caesar seeing Crastinus in the morning as he came out of his Tent asked him what he thought of the successe of the battaile Crastinus STRETCHING OUT HIS RIGHT HAND unto him which was a mute omen hee should have the Better Hand of his enemies that day cryed out aloud O Caesar thine is the victorie and this day shalt thou commend mee alive or dead and accordingly brake afterwards out of the rankes and running amongst the midst of his enemies with many that followed him made a great slaughter at last one ran him into the mouth that the swords point came out at his neck and so slew him Profero Gestus XXXI TO PRESENT THE HAND is their expression who profer or deliver a thing as their act and déed And the Verbe profero which hath the signification to profer and present a thing seemes to imply the very gesture This was the first expression that ere appeared in the Hand and was used by Eve in the fatall profer of the forbidden fruit unto the first man And it was required in the old Law at the Hand of the offerer who was to present his offering with his owne Hand for in religious duties there was never a proxie allowed ¶ As it is significant in delivery of writings as our act and deed it is most apparantly seene in its signification at the delivery of Deeds so called from this gesture for this is that which gives force to all legall conveyances and without this expression Liverie and Seisin is of none effect ¶ A semblance of the same gesture wee use when wee would take or accept what is profered and delivered into our Hands And that similitude of posture seemes to imply a correspondency and a favourable inclination to entertaine their offer as if they there withall profered thanks for the same To the naturall purpose and meaning of this gesture the Sonne of Sirach He hath set fire water before thee STRETCH FORTH THY HAND unto whether thou wilt that is take or accept of which thou wilt for by a metonymy of the adjunct the signe is put for the thing signified This was the second gesture of any signification that is recorded to have appeared in the Hand and the first that shewed it selfe in the Hand of the first man Adam when hee accepted of that forbidden fruit with which hee tooke a curse that filled his Hand with labour and forced it often to advance to wipe his sweating browes From this unhappy gesture the Hand may be well called Manus à manando because all evill proceeded from this action Two uses the Hand was chiefly ordained for to take and doe as Galen well observes but Man took so ill with it at first that he undid himselfe The misguided Hand would be reaching at the Tree of knowledge but prohibited by an expresse caveat was prevented from putting forth it selfe to the tree of life Effoeminate festino Gestus XXXII TO WAG THE HAND IN A SWINGING GESTURE is their naturall expression who would endea●our to hasten and assist themselves in progressive motion and withall denotes a kinde of wantonnesse and effeminacy Aristotle sayes that man could not walke unlesse he were assisted by the motion of his shoulders and that the SWINGING OF HIS ARMES doth much help the bodies transportation in leaping which men by instinct knowing doe many times fall into this gesture upon such occasion Hence Phisiognomicall Philosephers who know that every man hath his peculiar genius causing that native difference of habilities in men observing the operation of these spirits as they are matched and conjoyned to outward gestures which by a kind of tacit character give out the manner of their complexion doe easily discerne the differences of spirits by arguing syllogistically from the naturall habit to the genuine or contracted which custome makes more personall for as mens present passions and inclinations are brought by nature into act so men following the vogue of nature are wrought to a reiteration of that action untill the Hand hath contracted a habit ☜ The result of these Phisiognomers falls thus into a grand axiome of their art that whosoever is as by a personall propriety and actuall condition customarily seen to use the gesture of any naturall affection he is by habituall complexion very incident to that affection exhibited by that gesture Hence Seneca not unskilfull in this art of Chiromanticall Phisiognomie makes the CUSTOMARY WAGGING OF THE HAND TO AND FRO a personall character of effeminacie and impudence Impudicum incessus ●stendit manus mot● relatus ad caput digitus flexus oculorum The gate the turning of the eye the finger on the head and the WAGGING OF THE HAND shew a shamelesse wanton And Marcus Cato was wont to say he would not have him for a souldier that WAGD HIS HAND AS HE GOETH removes his feet as he fighteth and routeth and snorteth louder in his sleep then when he crieth out to charge upon his enemy Demōstro non habere Gestus XXXIII TO SHAKE OUT THE HAND is their naturall expression who would shew that they have not nor desire to have a thing This the Latines call* manus excutere The Prophet Isaiah in reference to the signification of this gesture saith The righteous SHAKETH HIS HANDS from holding of bribes And the sonne of Sirach alludes to the signification

inrich a sanctified understanding the Hebraismes and mysterious notions resulting from the properties of the Hand doe everywhere obtaine by divine permission an ineffable latitude of significations whose vulgarismes varied through such multiplicity of senses are of that note and consequence that they much conduce to the advancement of the dignity and reputation of the Hand Among other remarkable expressions borrowed from the Hand wherein God is pleased to condiscend to the capacity of man and to cloath His expressions in the naturall language of our Hand That of the Prophesie of the Prophet Isaiah hath reference to this requesting gesture where the Lord complaining after the manner of men saith he had STRETCHED OUT HIS HANDS all day to a rebellious people Oro. Gestus II. TO RAISE THE HAND CONIOYNED OR SPREAD OUT TOWARDS HEAVEN is the habit of Devotion and a naturall and universall forme of Prayer practised by those who are in adversity and in bitter anguish of Minde and by those who give publique thankes and praise to the most High Thus we acknowledge our offences aske mercy beg reliefe pay our vowes imprecate complaine submit invoke and are suppliant Hence 't is the Scriptures doe most emphatically define prayer by this outward signe not that this speaking habit of the Hand is all or the most principall part of devotion for Hyppocrites as if fired with zeale EXTEND THEIR ARMES AND HANDS who yet but mock God by seeming to draw nigh unto Him when their Hearts belie their Hands But this gesture is an outward helpe unto devotion appointed by the ordinance of Nature to expresse the holy fervour of our affections For since it is impossible by reason of our great infirmitie we should with our soaring thoughts move beyond the centre of our bodies we stand in need of some outward help to declare the ascension of our inward zeale which we reveale by the EXTENSION OF OUR HANDS which supplying the place of wings helpe our hearts in their flight upward For unlesse our hearts are polluted with the leaven of hypocrisie they raise the heart to the throne of grace before which we present our supplications But the Soul being invisible unles she shew her selfe by demonstration of gesture the Hand was instituted Surrogate and Vicar of of the Heart to testifie by outward gesture the offering and lifting up of the Heart and that our prayers are seriously poured out from the bottome of our Breast Hence in those sacred Monuments that keepe alive the memories of the Dead whether their effigies be exhibited in brasse or marble their monumentall Statues are commonly hew'd into this forme of prayer From the practice and naturall propensity of the Hands to prayer as from the premisses Athanasius as it is likely drew this conclusion That therefore man had Hands given him that they might serve to necessary uses and to be SPREAD FORTH AND LIFTED UP in offering prayer to Him who made them It being on all hands confest that this gesture is an originall rite and a piece of the discipline of Nature polished also by the rule of reason and solemniz'd by the examples and exhortations of wise men For there was no Nation instructed in any kinde of piety who did not know before hand by a tacite acknowledgement of a God that the Hands in prayer were to bee LIFTED UP Omnes homines tendimus manus ad Coelum cum praeces fundimus sayes that Prince of Peripatetiques And Gobrias in Xenophon seems to confirme the same Apuleius elegantly and roundly to this purpose Habitus orantium hic est ut manibus extensis in coelum praecemur To this purpose Horace Coelo supinas si tuleris manus And Lucretius of the same gesture Et pandere palmas Ante Deum delubra And Pedo Albin joyning in the harmony of all the Heathen Prophets Atque aliquis de plebe pius pro paupere nato Sustulerat timidas sidera ad alta manus Hence Jarbas in Virgil is said Multa Iovem manibus supplex orasse supinis Thus Anchises in the same Poet At pater Anchises passis de littore palmis Numina magna vocat So Cleanthus Ni palmas ponto tendens utrasque Cleanthus Fudissetque praeces divosque in vota vocasset Thus Cressa in Ovid ad Sydera supplex Cressa manus tollens So Scipio in Sil. Italicus Sublatis in Coelum manibus praecatur Their manner was to turne themselves to the East with an erected countenance HANDS OPEN SPREAD LIFTED UP AND STRETCHED OUT TOWARDS HEAVEN Whence Valerius Flaccus Imperat hinc alte Phoebi surgentis ad orbem Ferre manus In this posture we finde Antonius LIFTING UP HIS HANDS TO HEAVEN making a charitable prayer to the gods for his army when he was to encounter the Parthians And M. Furius Camillus used the same gesture of his Hands in his prayer at the taking of the Citie Veies Thus Alexander in his third battaile with Darius before he gave charge upon the enemies he tooke his Lance in his left hand and HOLDING HIS RIGHT HAND UNTO HEAVEN besought the gods as Calisthenes writeth that if it were true he was begotten of Jupiter that it would please them that day to helpe him and to encourage the Grecians And the Heathens when they came forth in the morning to plough they laid one Hand upon the stilt of the plough and LIFTED THE OTHER UP to Ceres the goddesse of Corne beginning both their actions of warre and peace with this gesture So remarkable was the mixt and double office wherein Nature hath interessed the Hand For as we raise these to Heaven so with them we worke and the Hand thrives but ill that workes unlesse it prayes which these Heathens by the instinct of Nature were wrought to acknowledge And the most desperate Atheists and Hypocrites in some extremities and damages doe LIFT UP THEIR IOYNED HANDS TO HEAVEN as a signe and token of some devotion though they have no faith nor beliefe ¶ Thus also they gave thanks It is reported that when Archidamas had overcome the Arcadians and returned home victorious to Sparta from that tearlesse battaile neither man nor woman would keepe the City but came flocking down to the River side HOLDING UP THEIR HANDS TO HEAVEN and thanked the gods as if their City had redeemed and recovered her shame and lost honour and began to rise againe as before it did And to the signification of this gesture that of Virgil may be referred Sustulit exutis vinclis ad sydera palmas The LIFTING UP THE HANDS in prayer as it is a naturall expression so it seems necessary for God requireth the whole man there being a woe pronounced to fainting Hands that is which faint in prayer When Moses HELD UP HIS HANDS Israel prevailed but when Moses LET HIS HANDS DOWN Amalech prevailed And when Moses Hands were heavie they tooke a stone and put it under

significant in wonder and admiration appeares by Nonnus a great Poet who attributes this gesture to admiration in his paraphrase of the sacred Historie of S. John where of Nathanael wondring at the doctrine of our Saviour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Prae admiratione Frontem divina manu feriens Hannibal used this adjunct of expression as a stratagem at the battaile of Ca●nes who when Giscon a man of like state and nobilitie with himself● told him that the enemies seemed afar off to be a great number Hannibal rubbing his forehead answered him Yea said he but there is another thing more to be wondred at then you thinke of Giscon Giscon straight asked What Mary saith he this That of all the great number of Souldiers you see yonder there is not a man of them called Giscon as you are This merry answer delivered contrary to their expectation that were with him looking for some great weighty matter sutable to his gesture made them all laugh a good This gesture although it was with these senses admitted the hands of the Ancients yet it appeares to Cresollius in the possibilitie of a doubt whether or no it can now with any advantage be done it being little used by Advocates and the more judicious sort of men that speake in publique unlesse perchance by such who are of a more hot complexion and are apt to boyle over with a sudden motion whose choler in the seething bubbles into action for men of this temper soone moved as having a naturall inclination to anger in the vehement fervencie of passion hastily and swiftly with the Hand touch the forehead or cap which action because there manifestly appeares in it the virtuall effect and commotion of Nature it commonly escapes the lash of reprehension But faintly and childishly apply'd and sav●ring more of Schoolartifice then the intentionall operation of Nature it is condemned as feigned and adulterate for which reason my Author concurres in opinion with Quintilian and adjudgeth it worthy of banishment from the Hand of an Oratour and to bee consined to the Theater and the ridiculous Hands of Mimicks Unlesse it seeme good to any to reserve it as a relique of Divine Courtship which they report the Polo●ians to doe who in their Churches at their holy mysteries are wont to beat their fore-heads with the Hand Canon XXXI THe Thigh smitten with the Hand was the gesture of one pleading more vehemently of one grieved and fuming with indignation of one taking notice of an others errour or confessing himselfe deceived Tullie believed that action of an Oratour feighned who in some grievous matter deserving the sharpest hate and heaviest indignation did not use this expression for he calls Callidius a cold and dull Oratour and argues his guilt from hence that in his Oration Neque frons percussa foret nec femur The first Oratour that used this gesture by the testimony of the old Annales was Cleon who when he pleaded in Athens that famous mansion of the Muses transported with a certaine vehemencie and provocation of spirit and moved with indignation smote his thigh which when he had vented with other such like signes of a fierce and turbulent disposition many wise men thought him to have thrust all decorum and ●●●●ible moderation out of the Pulpit This many afterwards did imitate at the first thought ill of for the novelty but in the use of common life very frequent This gesture prudently and with good advice exhibited hath a cunning force to amplifie and enlarge a thing and to shake and astonish the minds of the Auditours Scopelianus a man of greatest account for eloquence as Philostratus hath delivered it to posterity that he might rowze up himselfe and his Auditours now and then used this patheticall demeanour of the Hand This as it was oftentimes necessary in the Forum so very fecible in those large pewes where those that were retained in causes did plead but in our times and the manner of pleading which we now use it is neither so frequent neither can it so commodiously be done But another thing hath succeeded in the room thereof which the writings of the Ancients are silent in for the Advocates eagerly beat the Bar with their Hands and sometimes so madly and importunately that the standers by heartily wish their Hands qualified with some Chiragracall prohibition This blemish and infirmity of the Hand hath crept also into holy places and there are many Preachers found who with an inconsiderate rashnesse shake the innocent Pulpit while they wax warme and conceive a vehement action to excell This action as it is least unseemly when the wicked deceits and notorious dishonesties of men are called in question so used without judgement it argues a turbulent and furious motion of a vaine minde and dulls the Auditours Canon XXXII THe left hand thrust forth with the Palme turned backward the left shoulder raised so that it may aptly consent with the head bearing to the Right Hand agrees with their intention who refuse abhor detest or abominate some execrable thing against which their mindes are bent as a distastefull object which they would seem to chase away and repell With this Action these and things of the like nature are to be pronounced Haud equidem tali me dignor honore Dii talem terris avertite postem Canon XXXIII THe left hand explained into a Palme obtaines a forme of perspicuity These two last Canons are exceptions against the generall maxime of Quintil. Manus sinistra nunquam sola gestum facit Canon XXXIV BOth the turned out Palmes bent to the left side is a more passionate forme of detestation as being a redoubled action Canon XXXV BOth Hands objected with the Palmes adverse is a fore-right adjunct of pronunciation fit to helpe the utterance of words comming out in detestation despite and exprobration Canon XXXVI BOth Hands extended forth the Palmes driving out to both sides doubles the Action to all the same intents and purposes of aversenesse Canon XXXVII BOth Hands clasped and wrung together is an Action convenient to manifest griefe and sorrow Canon XXXVIII BOth Hands dejected make supplication more Canonicall Canon XXXIX BOth Hands a little or farre dis-joyned shew the manner and abundance Canon XL. BOth Hands extended out forward together is an Action commodious for them who submit invoke doubt speak to accuse or call by name implore or attest With this Action are such as these to be set off to the best of utterance Vos Albani Tumuli atque Luci vos inquam imploro atque obtestor And that addubitation of Gracchus Quo me miser conferam quo vertam in Capitoliumne at fratri● sanguine redundat an domum c. The same emphasis of action is required to that of Cicero Tu ex edito monte latialis Jupiter cujus ille lucos nemora sinesque saepe omni ne●ario stupro scelere macularat Canon XLI BOth Hands lightly smitten together is