and_o establish_v a_o peace_n with_o he_o they_o give_v he_o hostage_n for_o their_o loyalty_n and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o as_o their_o sovereign_n whereupon_o he_o command_v they_o to_o provide_v hoâ—ses_n and_o victual_n for_o his_o army_n which_o they_o do_v william_n malmesbury_n observe_v that_o the_o northumbrian_n thus_o unworthy_o submit_v to_o swain_n his_o government_n non_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o eorum_fw-la mentibus_fw-la genuinus_fw-la ille_fw-la calor_fw-la &_o dominorum_fw-la impaâ—iens_fw-la refriguerie_n sed_fw-la quod_fw-la princeps_fw-la eorum_fw-la uthredus_fw-la primus_fw-la exemplum_fw-la defectionis_fw-la dederit_fw-la who_o example_n draw_v on_o all_o other_o part_n illis_fw-la sub_fw-la jugum_fw-la missis_fw-la coeteri_fw-la quoque_fw-la omnes_fw-la populi_fw-la qui_fw-la angliam_fw-la ab_fw-la aquilone_n inhabitant_n vectigal_a et_fw-fr obsides_fw-la dederunt_fw-la a_o very_a strange_a and_o sudden_a change_n conquest_n without_o a_o blow_n swain_n commit_v his_o navy_n and_o hostage_n to_o his_o son_n cnute_n raise_v choose_v anxiliaries_n out_o of_o the_o english_a who_o submit_v to_o he_o and_o then_o march_v against_o the_o southern_a mercian_n have_v pass_v watling_n street_n he_o by_o a_o public_a proclamation_n command_v his_o soldier_n to_o waste_v the_o field_n burn_v the_o village_n cut_v down_o the_o wood_n and_o orchard_n spoil_v the_o church_n kill_v all_o the_o male_n that_o shall_v come_v into_o their_o hand_n old_a and_o young_a without_o show_v they_o any_o mercy_n reserve_v only_o the_o female_n to_o satisfy_v their_o lust_n and_o to_o do_v all_o the_o mischief_n that_o possible_o they_o can_v act_v which_o they_o according_o execute_v rage_v with_o beastly_a cruelty_n march_v to_o oxford_n he_o gain_v it_o soon_o than_o he_o imagine_v by_o surrender_n take_v hostage_n of_o they_o he_o post_v thence_o to_o winchester_n where_o the_o citizen_n extraordinary_o terrify_v with_o the_o excessiveness_n of_o his_o cruelty_n 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who_o encourage_v with_o the_o hope_n of_o glory_n and_o great_a booty_n fierce_o assault_v the_o city_n on_o all_o side_n but_o be_v all_o most_o valiant_o repulse_v by_o the_o citizen_n through_o the_o assistance_n of_o valiant_a earl_n turkel_n then_o within_o it_o the_o dane_n sustain_v great_a loss_n of_o man_n who_o be_v partly_o slay_v and_o partly_o drown_v the_o citizen_n not_o only_o repulse_v they_o from_o the_o wall_n but_o likewise_o sally_v forth_o and_o slay_v they_o by_o heap_n so_o that_o swain_n himself_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v slay_v have_v he_o not_o desperate_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o by_o flight_n escape_v their_o sword_n 69._o malmesbury_n thus_o write_v of_o the_o citizen_n oppidani_fw-la in_o mortem_fw-la pro_fw-la libertate_fw-la ruebant_fw-la nullam_fw-la sibi_fw-la veniam_fw-la futuram_fw-la arbitrantes_fw-la si_fw-la regem_fw-la desererent_fw-la quibus_fw-la ipse_fw-la vitam_fw-la svam_fw-la commiserat_fw-la it_o aque_fw-la cum_fw-la ut_fw-la â—nque_fw-la acriter_fw-la certaretur_fw-la justior_fw-la 8._o causa_fw-la victoriam_fw-la habuit_fw-la civibus_fw-la magna_fw-la open_a conanâ—â—bus_fw-la dum_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la sâ—dores_fw-la suos_fw-la principi_fw-la ostento_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la pulchrum_fw-la putaret_fw-la emori_fw-la hostium_fw-la pars_fw-la prostrata_fw-la pars_fw-la in_o flumine_fw-la thamesi_n necata_fw-la hereupon_o swain_n despair_v to_o take_v the_o city_n march_v with_o his_o tear_a shatter_a army_n first_o to_o wallingford_n plunder_v and_o demolish_n all_o thing_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o way_n after_o their_o wont_a manner_n and_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o bath_n where_o ethelmere_n earl_n of_o the_o west_n country_n with_o all_o his_o people_n come_v and_o submit_v to_o he_o give_v he_o hostage_n for_o their_o loyalty_n have_v thus_o finish_v all_o thing_n according_a to_o his_o desire_n he_o return_v with_o his_o hostage_n to_o his_o navy_n be_v both_o call_v and_o repute_v king_n by_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n lordâ—n_o except_v si_fw-la rex_fw-la â—ure_fw-la queat_fw-la vocari_fw-la qui_fw-la fere_n cuncta_fw-la tyrannice_n faciebat_fw-la write_v florence_n of_o worcesteâ—_n &_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n verâ—_n cautelous_o nec_fw-la adhuc_fw-la flecterentur_fw-la londinenses_n tota_fw-la jam_fw-la anglia_fw-it in_fw-it clientelam_fw-la ejus_fw-la inclinata_fw-la nisi_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la praesentia_fw-la eos_fw-la destâ—ueret_fw-la sua_fw-la as_o malmesbury_n observe_v king_n ethelred_n be_v a_o man_n give_v to_o sloathfullness_n and_o through_o consciousness_n of_o his_o own_o demerit_n very_o fearful_a deem_v no_o man_n faithful_a to_o he_o 169._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tragical_a death_n of_o his_o brother_n edwaod_a for_o which_o he_o feel_v this_o divine_a revenge_n not_o dare_v to_o raise_v a_o army_n nor_o sight_n the_o enemy_n with_o it_o when_o raise_v ne_o nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la quos_fw-la injust_a exhaeredaverat_fw-la lest_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o he_o have_v unjust_o disinherited_a shall_v desert_n and_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o enemy_n decline_v the_o necessity_n of_o war_n and_o of_o a_o new_a siege_n most_o unworthy_o desert_v the_o londoner_n his_o faithful_a valiant_a subject_n and_o protector_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o danger_n &_o enemy_n sly_v away_o secret_o from_o they_o to_o hamshire_n by_o secret_a journey_n from_o wbence_n he_o sail_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n hereupon_o the_o londoner_n 10._o laudandi_fw-la prorsus_fw-la viâ—i_fw-la &_o quos_fw-la mars_n ipse_fw-la collata_fw-la non_fw-la sperneret_fw-la hasta_fw-la si_fw-la ducem_fw-la habuissent_fw-la cujus_fw-la dum_fw-la vel_fw-la sola_fw-la umbra_fw-la protegerentur_fw-la totius_fw-la pugnae_fw-la aleam_fw-la ipsam_fw-la ohsidionem_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la paucis_fw-la mensibus_fw-la luserunt_fw-la seeing_n themselves_o thus_o unworthy_o desert_v by_o their_o sovereign_n in_o their_o extremity_n move_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o countryman_n submit_v themselves_o likewise_o to_o king_n swain_n send_v hostage_n to_o and_o make_v their_o peace_n with_o he_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o they_o fear_v swain_n fury_n be_v so_o much_o incense_v against_o they_o for_o his_o former_a shameful_a repulse_n by_o they_o that_o if_o they_o submit_v not_o to_o he_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n he_o will_v not_o only_o spoil_v they_o of_o all_o their_o good_n but_o likewise_o command_v either_o all_o their_o eye_n to_o be_v pull_v out_o or_o their_o hand_n and_o foot_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o if_o he_o subdue_v they_o by_o force_n 379._o john_n speed_z against_o the_o current_n of_o other_o historian_n inform_v we_o that_o swain_n after_o his_o repulse_n from_o london_n have_v receive_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n go_v back_o into_o denmark_n for_o want_v of_o victual_n and_o to_o recruit_v his_o shatter_a army_n whence_o return_v soon_o after_o he_o be_v immediate_o meet_v by_o the_o english_a where_o betwixt_o they_o be_v strike_v a_o sore_a battle_n which_o have_v be_v with_o good_a success_n have_v not_o the_o treason_n of_o some_o hinder_v it_o in_o turn_v to_o the_o dane_n king_n ethelred_n therefore_o see_v himself_o and_o the_o land_n betray_v on_o this_o manner_n to_o those_o few_o true_a english_a that_o be_v leave_v use_v this_o speech_n as_o follow_v if_o there_o want_v in_o i_o a_o fatherly_a care_n either_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o administration_n of_o justice_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o in_o you_o the_o carriage_n of_o soldier_n for_o defence_n of_o your_o native_a country_n then_o true_o silent_a will_v i_o be_v for_o ever_o and_o bear_v those_o calamity_n with_o a_o more_o deject_a mind_n but_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v be_v it_o as_o it_o be_v i_o for_o my_o part_n be_o resolve_v to_o rush_v into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o to_o lose_v my_o life_n for_o my_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n and_o you_o i_o be_o sure_a hold_v it_o a_o worthy_a death_n that_o be_v purchase_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o yourselves_o and_o kindred_n and_o therein_o i_o pray_v you_o let_v we_o all_o die_v for_o i_o see_v both_o god_n and_o destiny_n against_o we_o and_o
conservantibus_fw-la salutem_fw-la sempiternam_fw-la in_fw-la domino_fw-la nostro_fw-la jesus_n christo_fw-la quoniam_fw-la peccatis_fw-la nostris_fw-la exigentibus_fw-la manum_fw-la domini_fw-la super_fw-la nos_fw-la extensum_fw-la quotidiè_fw-la cum_fw-la virgâ_fw-la ferreâ_fw-la cernimus_fw-la cervicibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la imminere_fw-la necessarium_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o salubre_fw-la arbitror_fw-la piis_fw-la sanctae_fw-la matris_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la precibus_fw-la eleemosynarumque_fw-la liberis_fw-la largitionibus_fw-la iratum_fw-la dominum_fw-la placatum_fw-la reddere_fw-la et_fw-la dignis_fw-la devotionibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la gratiam_fw-la in_o nostris_fw-la necessitatibus_fw-la auxiliariam_fw-la implorare_fw-la ideoque_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la petitionem_fw-la strenui_fw-la comitis_fw-la mihi_fw-la meritoque_fw-la dilectissimi_fw-la concessi_fw-la regio_fw-la chirographo_fw-la meo_fw-la theodoro_n abbati_n croyland_n tam_fw-la donum_fw-la dicti_fw-la comitis_fw-la algari_fw-la quam_fw-la dona_fw-la aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la praeterit_fw-la orum_fw-la ac_fw-la praesentium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o conclude_v thus_o istud_fw-la regium_fw-la chirographum_fw-la meum_fw-la anno_fw-la incarnationis_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la jesus_n christi_fw-la 868._o calendis_fw-la augusti_fw-la apud_fw-la snothingham_n coram_fw-la fratribus_fw-la &_o amiciss_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la meo_fw-la in_o obsidione_fw-la paganorum_fw-la congregatis_fw-la sanctae_fw-la crucis_fw-la munimine_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la then_o follow_v the_o subscription_n and_o confirmation_n of_o ceolnoth_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 5_o bishop_n 3_o abbot_n ethelred_n king_n of_o westsaxon_n and_o alfred_n his_o brother_n edmund_z kingof_o east-angle_n 2_o duke_n and_o twelve_o earl_n who_o all_o ratify_v this_o charter_n after_o which_o charter_n confirm_v this_o king_n beor_v render_v special_a thanks_o to_o all_o his_o army_n for_o their_o assistance_n against_o the_o dane_n especial_o to_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o inferior_a ecclesiastical_a person_n for_o their_o voluntary_a assistance_n of_o he_o in_o those_o war_n against_o these_o enemy_n norwithstand_v his_o father_n exemption_n of_o they_o by_o his_o charter_n from_o all_o military_a expedition_n and_o secular_a service_n thus_o record_v by_o 865._o ingulphus_n and_o most_o worthy_a observation_n ego_fw-la beorredus_fw-la rex_fw-la merciorum_fw-la intimo_fw-la animi_fw-la affectu_fw-la totisque_fw-la praecordiis_fw-la gratias_fw-la exolvo_fw-la speciales_fw-la omni_fw-la exercitui_fw-la meo_fw-la maximè_fw-la tamen_fw-la viris_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o abbatibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la etiam_fw-la inferioribus_fw-la status_fw-la &_o dignitatis_fw-la qui_fw-la licèt_fw-la piissimae_fw-la 8._o memoriae_fw-la rex_fw-la quondam_a ethelwulfus_n pater_fw-la meus_fw-la per_fw-la sacratissimam_fw-la chartam_fw-la svam_fw-la â—ab_fw-la omni_fw-la expeditione_n militari_fw-la vos_fw-la liberos_fw-la reddiderit_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la penitus_fw-la absolutos_fw-la dignissâ—mâ_fw-la tamen_fw-la miseratione_n super_fw-la oppressiones_fw-la christianae_n plebis_fw-la ecclesiarumque_fw-la &_o monasteriorum_fw-la destructiones_fw-la luctuosas_fw-la benignissimè_fw-la compassi_fw-la contra_fw-la nefandissimos_fw-la paganos_fw-la in_o exercitum_fw-la domini_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o spontanei_fw-la convenistis_fw-la ut_fw-la tanquam_fw-la martyr_n christi_fw-la cultus_fw-la sanguine_fw-la vestro_fw-la augeatur_fw-la &_o barbarorum_fw-la superstitiosa_fw-la crudelitas_fw-la effugetur_fw-la from_o these_o last_o passage_n it_o be_v apparent_a first_o that_o in_o those_o day_n our_o saxon_a king_n make_v war_n and_o peace_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o their_o noble_n and_o parliamentary_a great_a council_n 2_o that_o in_o case_n of_o common_a invasion_n and_o danger_n by_o foreign_a enemy_n all_o the_o force_n raise_v and_o way_n and_o mean_n to_o resist_v they_o be_v conclude_v on_o by_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o these_o great_a council_n and_o not_o by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n 3_o that_o all_o or_o most_o churchman_n and_o their_o church-land_n in_o those_o day_n be_v absolute_o free_v and_o discharge_v from_o all_o military_a expedition_n contribution_n aid_n and_o assistance_n against_o enemy_n by_o express_a charter_n but_o only_o such_o as_o themselves_o voluntary_o and_o free_o contribute_v in_o case_n of_o incumbent_n great_a danger_n and_o necessity_n without_o compulsion_n for_o which_o their_o king_n render_v they_o special_a and_o hearty_a thanks_o acknowledge_v and_o confirm_v these_o their_o immunity_n not_o violate_v they_o upon_o such_o necessity_n as_o this_o notable_a passage_n of_o ingulphus_n atte_v together_o with_o that_o of_o 37._o mat._n west_n an._n 867._o concern_v alstan_n bishop_n of_o sherborne_n a_o man_n of_o very_o great_a power_n and_o counsel_n in_o the_o realm_n contra_fw-la danos_n quoque_fw-la qui_fw-la tunc_fw-la primò_fw-la insulam_fw-la infestabant_fw-la regis_fw-la aethelulfi_n saevitiam_fw-la exacuit_fw-la ipse_fw-la ex_fw-la fisco_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la accipiens_fw-la ipse_fw-la excercitum_fw-la componens_fw-la martiis_fw-la felix_fw-la eventibus_fw-la contra_fw-la host_n bella_fw-la plurima_fw-la constant_a 3._o peregit_fw-la receive_v money_n out_o of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n not_o the_o people_n purse_n or_o conrribution_n to_o manage_v these_o war_n and_o not_o war_a on_o his_o own_o expense_n 4_o that_o the_o noble_n gentry_z and_o people_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v the_o only_a stand_a militia_n in_o that_o age_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o foreign_a enemy_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n or_o actual_a invasion_n when_o they_o march_v out_o of_o their_o own_o counry_n against_o they_o voluntary_o and_o free_o adventure_v their_o life_n for_o defence_n of_o their_o king_n country_n religion_n liberty_n property_n as_o 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870._o inguar_n and_o hubba_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o dane_n come_v into_o kesteven_n in_o lincolnshire_n waste_v and_o slay_v all_o the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n thereupon_o earl_n algarus_fw-la osgot_v sheriff_n of_o lincoln_n and_o all_o the_o gentry_n and_o people_n in_o those_o part_n with_o the_o band_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n under_o the_o command_n of_o tâ—…_n a_o monk_n former_o a_o soldier_n consist_v of_o 200_o stout_a man_n most_o of_o they_o fugitive_n thither_o for_o sanctuary_n unite_n all_o their_o force_n together_o in_o kesteven_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n maurice_n fight_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o slay_v 3_o of_o their_o king_n with_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o their_o force_n that_o night_n the_o other_o danish_a king_n disperse_v abroad_o to_o pillage_v the_o country_n with_o a_o great_a booty_n &_o many_o captain_n come_v to_o the_o tent_n of_o their_o rout_v companion_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n be_v enrage_v with_o the_o 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that_o so_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o english_a may_v all_o joint_o and_o at_o one_o time_n be_v free_v from_o the_o danish_a oppression_n and_o so_o the_o dane_n who_o by_o a_o firm_a covenant_n swear_v unto_o by_o both_o side_n a_o little_a before_o aught_o to_o have_v dwell_v peaceable_o with_o the_o english_a be_v too_o opprobrious_o 2._o slay_v and_o the_o woman_n with_o their_o child_n be_v dash_v against_o the_o post_n of_o the_o house_n miserable_o pour_v out_o their_o soul_n when_o therefore_o the_o sentence_n of_o this_o decree_n be_v execute_v at_o the_o city_n of_o london_n without_o mercy_n many_o of_o the_o dane_n flee_v to_o a_o certain_a church_n in_o the_o city_n where_o all_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v without_o pity_n stand_v by_o the_o very_a altar_n themselves_o moreover_o that_o which_o aggravate_v the_o rage_n of_o this_o persecution_n be_v the_o death_n of_o guimild_a sister_n of_o king_n swain_n slay_v in_o this_o manner_n in_o england_n she_o be_v 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friend_n be_v to_o be_v revenge_v whereupon_o swain_n a_o cruel_a man_n prone_a to_o shed_v blood_n animate_v to_o revenge_n by_o his_o messenger_n and_o letter_n command_v all_o the_o warrior_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o charge_v all_o the_o soldier_n in_o foreign_a region_n greedy_a of_o gain_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o this_o expedition_n against_o the_o english_a which_o they_o cheerful_o do_v he_o have_v now_o a_o fair_a show_n to_o do_v foul_o than_o ever_o wrong_v have_v now_o make_v he_o a_o right_a of_o invasion_n who_o have_v none_o before_o anno_fw-la 1003._o king_n swain_n arrive_v with_o a_o great_a navy_n 1003._o and_o army_n in_o england_n by_o the_o negligence_n and_o treachery_n daniel_n of_o one_o hugh_n a_o norman_a who_o queen_n emma_n have_v make_v earl_n of_o devonshire_n take_v and_o spoil_v the_o city_n of_o exeter_n raze_v the_o wall_n thereof_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o burn_v the_o city_n to_o ash_n return_v with_o a_o great_a prey_n to_o his_o ship_n leave_v nothing_o behind_o they_o but_o the_o ash_n after_o which_o waste_v the_o province_n of_o wiltshire_n a_o strong_a army_n congregat_v out_o of_o hamshire_n and_o wiltshire_n go_v with_o a_o resolution_n manful_o and_o constant_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n but_o when_o both_o army_n be_v in_o view_n of_o each_o other_o ready_a to_o join_v battle_n earl_n edric_n their_o general_n a_o constant_a traitor_n to_o his_o country_n and_o secret_a friend_n to_o the_o dane_n feign_v himself_o to_o be_v very_o sick_a and_o begin_v to_o vomit_v so_o that_o he_o can_v not_o possible_o fight_v where_o upon_o the_o army_n see_v his_o slothfulness_n and_o fearfullness_n depart_v most_o sorrowful_a from_o their_o enemy_n without_o fight_v be_v dishearten_v by_o the_o cowardice_n of_o their_o captain_n which_o swain_n perceive_v he_o march_v to_o wilton_n and_o sarisbery_n which_o he_o take_v pillage_v and_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n return_v with_o the_o spoil_n to_o his_o ship_n in_o triumph_n the_o next_o year_n swain_n to_o who_o god_n have_v design_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n as_o some_o old_a other_o historian_n write_v 1004._o sail_v with_o his_o fleet_n to_o norwich_n pillage_v and_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n whereupon_o ulfketel_n duke_n of_o east-england_n 〈◊〉_d man_n of_o great_a valour_n see_v himself_o surprise_v and_o want_v time_n to_o raise_v a_o army_n to_o resist_v the_o dane_n cum_fw-la majoribus_fw-la east-angliae_a habito_fw-la consilio_fw-la take_v â—9_n counsel_n with_o the_o great_a man_n of_o east_n england_n make_v peace_n with_o swain_n which_o he_o treacherous_o break_v within_o three_o week_n after_o sudden_o issue_v out_o of_o his_o ship_n surprise_v pillage_v and_o burn_v thetford_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o cover_v the_o country_n like_o locust_n spoil_v all_o thing_n and_o slaughter_v the_o countryman_n without_o resistance_n which_o duke_n ulfketel_v be_v inform_v of_o command_v some_o of_o his_o countryman_n to_o break_v his_o ship_n in_o piece_n in_o his_o absence_n from_o they_o which_o they_o not_o dare_v or_o neglect_v to_o do_v and_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n raise_v a_o army_n with_o as_o much_o speed_n as_o he_o can_v bold_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n return_v with_o great_a booty_n to_o their_o ship_n where_o after_o a_o long_a and_o sharp_a encounter_n on_o both_o side_n the_o english_a be_v overpower_v by_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v total_o ront_v and_o all_o the_o noble_n of_o east-england_n there_o slay_v in_o their_o country_n defence_n who_o fight_v so_o valiant_o that_o the_o dane_n confess_v they_o have_v never_o a_o hard_a or_o sharp_a battle_n in_o england_n than_o this_o the_o great_a loss_n the_o dane_n sustain_v in_o it_o though_o they_o get_v the_o field_n and_o a_o extraordinary_a famine_n in_o england_n the_o year_n follow_v great_a than_o any_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n cause_v swain_n to_o return_v into_o denmark_n to_o refresh_v and_o recruit_v his_o 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saint_n he_o fall_v off_o from_o his_o horse_n and_o continue_v in_o great_a torment_n till_o night_n and_o so_o end_v his_o life_n with_o a_o miserable_a death_n knighton_n swain_n be_v deâ—d_v the_o whole_a navy_n and_o nation_n 1014._o of_o the_o dane_n elect_v and_o make_v â—…te_v his_o son_n their_o king_n and_o lord_n 〈…〉_z majores_fw-la natu_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o noble_n and_o senator_n of_o all_o england_n like_v nothing_o â—eâ—s_v than_o bondage_n especial_o under_o such_o new_a tyrannize_a foreign_a intrâ—…_n think_v it_o now_o or_o never_o the_o time_n to_o shake_v ofâ—_n their_o new_a yoke_n pronounce_v their_o natural_a lord_n to_o be_v dear_a to_o they_o than_o any_o foreiner_n si_fw-mi regalius_fw-la se_fw-la quam_fw-la consuâ—verat_fw-la ageret_fw-la whereupon_o with_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o great_a joy_n and_o speed_n they_o send_v messenger_n â—…o_o normandy_n to_o ethelred_n to_o inform_v he_o nullum_fw-la eo_fw-la libentius_fw-la se_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la recepturos_fw-la si_fw-la ipse_fw-la vel_fw-la rectius_fw-la gubernare_fw-la vel_fw-la mitius_fw-la eos_fw-la tractare_fw-la vellet_fw-la quam_fw-la prius_fw-la tractaverat_fw-la and_o to_o hasten_v his_o return_n unto_o 8._o they_o who_o thereupon_o present_o send_v over_o his_o son_n edward_n qui_fw-la fidem_fw-la principum_fw-la favoremque_fw-la vulgi_fw-la praesens_fw-la specularetur_fw-la who_o together_o with_o his_o ambassador_n assure_v both_o the_o noble_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o he_o will_v for_o time_n to_o come_v be_v their_o mild_a and_o devout_a lord_n consent_n to_o their_o will_n in_o all_o thing_n acquiesce_v in_o their_o counsel_n and_o if_o he_o have_v offend_v in_o any_o kind_n he_o will_v reform_v it_o according_a as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o with_o a_o ready_a mind_n pardon_v whatsoever_o have_v be_v contemptuous_o or_o disgraceful_o speak_v or_o act_v by_o they_o against_o he_o or_o he_o if_o they_o will_v all_o unanimous_o receive_v he_o again_o as_o their_o king_n into_o the_o kingdom_n to_o which_o they_o all_o give_v a_o favourable_a and_o satisfactory_a answer_n whereupon_o a_o plenary_a reconciliation_n be_v ratify_v between_o they_o on_o both_o side_n both_v by_o word_n and_o compact_a moreover_o 171._o the_o noble_n unanimous_o and_o free_o agree_v and_o vote_v that_o they_o will_v never_o more_o admit_v a_o danish_a king_n into_o england_n to_o reign_v over_o they_o these_o thing_n conclude_v king_n ethelred_n speedy_o return_v into_o england_n where_o he_o be_v honourable_o and_o joyful_o receive_v by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o cast_v off_o his_o former_a sloathfulness_n he_o hasten_v to_o raise_v a_o army_n against_o cnute_n who_o remain_v with_o his_o navy_n in_o lindesey_n make_v a_o agreement_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n exact_v man_n and_o horse_n from_o they_o that_o he_o may_v surprise_v ethelred_n at_o unaware_o and_o threaten_v grievous_o to_o punish_v all_o such_o as_o revolt_v from_o he_o but_o cnute_n be_v take_v in_o his_o own_o craft_n ethelred_n march_v thither_o with_o a_o strong_a army_n before_o he_o be_v provide_v to_o receive_v he_o flee_v from_o thence_o with_o his_o hostage_n army_n and_o navy_n to_o sandwich_n whereupon_o ethelred_n depopulate_v all_o lindesey_n waste_v the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n slay_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o traitor_n to_o he_o and_o their_o native_a country_n cnute_n by_o way_n of_o revenge_n humano_fw-la et_fw-la divino_fw-la jure_fw-la contempto_fw-la in_o insontes_fw-la grassatus_fw-la cut_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o ear_n and_o â—â—its_v the_o nose_n of_o all_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o beautiful_a hostage_n throughout_o england_n give_v to_o his_o father_n and_o so_o dismiss_v they_o sail_v into_o denmark_n to_o settle_v his_o affair_n and_o augment_v his_o source_n resolve_v to_o return_v the_o year_n follow_v after_o his_o departure_n 382._o king_n ethelred_n this_o very_a year_n super_fw-la haec_fw-la omne_fw-la mala_fw-la classi_fw-la quae_fw-la apud_fw-la greenwic_n â—acuiâ—_n tributum_fw-la quod_fw-la erat_fw-la 30._o millia_fw-la librarum_fw-la pendi_fw-la mandavit_fw-la to_o wit_n to_o the_o fleet_n under_o turkell_n the_o dane_n who_o instead_o of_o defend_v do_v but_o 1._o help_v to_o pillage_n and_o oppress_v the_o english_a huntindon_n write_v it_o be_v but_o 21_o thousand_o pound_n and_o bromton_n aver_v that_o it_o be_v cnute_n not_o ethelred_n who_o command_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v to_o his_o navy_n soon_o after_o which_o the_o sea_n rise_v high_a than_o it_o be_v accustom_v drown_v a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o village_n people_n and_o cartel_n after_o cnutes_n departure_n speed_n king_n ethelred_n summon_v a_o parliamentary_a council_n at_o oxford_n anno_fw-la 1015_o 1015._o both_o of_o the_o dane_n and_o english_a malmsbury_n express_o style_v it_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la wigorniensis_fw-la hoveden_n sim._n dunelmensis_n magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la matthew_n westminster_n and_o other_o magnum_fw-la colloquium_fw-la our_o late_a english_z historian_n a_o great_a council_n and_o parliament_n the_o king_n by_o the_o ill_a advice_n of_o that_o arch_a traitor_n duke_n edric_n at_o this_o great_a council_n command_v some_o noble_n of_o the_o dane_n to_o be_v sudden_o and_o secret_o slay_v quasi_fw-la de_fw-la regius_fw-la proditione_n notatos_fw-la ac_fw-la persidiae_fw-la apud_fw-la se_fw-la insimulatos_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o they_o be_v sygeforth_o and_o morcar_n who_o edric_n treacherous_o invite_v to_o his_o chamber_n and_o there_o make_v they_o drink_v cause_v his_o arm_a guard_n there_o place_v secret_o to_o murder_v they_o which_o they_o do_v hereupon_o their_o servant_n endeavour_v to_o revenge_v their_o lord_n death_n be_v digniores_fw-la et_fw-la potentiores_fw-la ex_fw-la seovengensibus_fw-la they_o be_v repulse_v with_o arm_n and_o force_v to_o sly_a into_o the_o tower_n of_o st._n frideswides_n church_n for_o safety_n whence_o when_o they_o can_v not_o be_v forcible_o expel_v they_o be_v all_o there_o burn_v together_o the_o king_n present_o seize_v upon_o their_o land_n and_o good_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o murder_n as_o some_o conceive_v and_o send_v the_o relict_n of_o sygeforth_o a_o very_a noble_a beautiful_a and_o virtuous_a lady_n prisoner_n to_o malmsbury_n whither_o edmond_n the_o king_n base_a son_n as_o some_o affirm_v post_v without_o his_o father_n privity_n and_o be_v enamour_v with_o her_o beauty_n first_o carnal_o abuse_v then_o afterward_o marry_v she_o and_o by_o her_o advice_n forcible_o invade_v and_o seize_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o morcar_n which_o be_v very_o great_a and_o the_o earldom_n of_o northumberland_n which_o his_o father_n deny_v he_o upon_o his_o request_n whereupon_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o county_n ready_o submit_v to_o he_o while_o these_o thing_n be_v act_v d_o cnute_n have_v settle_v his_o affair_n in_o denmark_n daniel_n and_o make_v a_o league_n with_o his_o neighbour_n king_n recruire_v his_o army_n and_o navy_n and_o return_v into_o england_n with_o a_o resolution_n either_o to_o win_v it_o or_o to_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o the_o attempt_n arrive_v first_o at_o sandwich_n and_o sail_v thence_o to_o the_o west_n he_o pillage_v dorsetshire_n somersetshire_n and_o wiltshire_n fill_v all_o place_n with_o slaughter_n and_o plunder_n king_n ethelred_n lie_v then_o sick_a at_o cosham_n his_o son_n edmond_n ironside_n and_o duke_n edric_n raise_v a_o army_n against_o cnute_n but_o when_o both_o their_o force_n be_v unite_v to_o fight_v he_o the_o old_a perfidious_a traitor_n edric_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o betray_v edmond_n to_o the_o dane_n or_o treacherous_o to_o slay_v he_o which_o be_v discover_v to_o edmond_n thereupon_o they_o sever_v their_o force_n from_o each_o other_o and_o give_v place_n to_o the_o enemy_n without_o give_v they_o battle_n not_o long_o after_o edric_n entice_v to_o he_o 40_o of_o the_o king_n ship_n furnish_v with_o danish_a mariner_n and_o soldier_n open_o revolt_v and_o go_v with_o they_o to_o cnute_n subject_v himself_o to_o his_o dominion_n as_o his_o sovereign_n by_o who_o example_n all_o west-sex_n submit_v to_o he_o as_o their_o king_n deliver_v he_o hostage_n for_o their_o fidelity_n resign_v up_o all_o their_o arm_n to_o he_o and_o provide_v both_o horse_n and_o arm_n for_o his_o danish_a army_n the_o mercian_n offer_v themselves_o alone_o to_o resist_v the_o dane_n but_o through_o the_o king_n sloathfulness_n the_o business_n of_o war_n receive_v delay_v and_o the_o enemy_n proceed_v in_o their_o rapine_n without_o opposition_n in_o the_o year_n 1016._o king_n cnute_n and_o treacherous_a 1016._o duke_n edric_n come_v with_o 200_o sail_n of_o ship_n into_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n whence_o they_o march_v by_o land_n with_o a_o great_a army_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o invade_v mercia_n in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n burn_v all_o the_o town_n and_o village_n and_o slay_v all_o the_o man_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o warwickshire_n and_o other_o place_n whereupon_o king_n ethelred_n as_o
huntindon_n wigorniensis_n and_o other_o record_v make_v a_o edict_n ut_fw-la quicunque_fw-la anglorum_fw-la sanus_fw-la esset_fw-la secum_fw-la 8._o in_o bello_fw-la procederet_fw-la that_o every_o englishman_n who_o be_v in_o health_n shall_v go_v with_o he_o in_o battle_n against_o the_o dane_n a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o people_n upon_o this_o assemble_v together_o to_o assist_v he_o but_o when_o he_o and_o his_o son_n edmond_n force_n be_v conjoin_v in_o one_o body_n the_o king_n be_v inform_v that_o some_o of_o his_o auxiliaries_n be_v ready_a to_o betray_v and_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o enemy_n unless_o he_o take_v care_n to_o prevent_v it_o and_o save_v himself_o and_o as_o some_o write_v the_o mercian_n refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o dane_n whereupon_o the_o expedition_n be_v give_v over_o and_o every_o man_n return_v to_o his_o own_o home_n after_o this_o edmund_n ironside_n raise_v a_o great_a army_n than_o before_o against_o cnute_n and_o send_v messenger_n to_o king_n ethelred_n to_o london_n to_o raise_v as_o many_o man_n as_o possible_a he_o can_v and_o speedy_o to_o come_v and_o join_v with_o he_o against_o the_o dane_n but_o he_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v betray_v to_o the_o enemy_n present_o dismiss_v the_o army_n without_o fight_v and_o return_v to_o london_n hereupon_o ed._n ironside_n go_v into_o northumberland_n where_o some_o imagine_v he_o will_v raise_v a_o great_a army_n against_o cnute_n the_o dane_n but_o he_o and_o vhtred_a earl_n of_o northumberland_n instead_o of_o encounter_v cnute_n waste_v the_o county_n of_o stafford_n shrewsbury_n and_o leicester_n because_o they_o will_v not_o go_v forth_o to_o fight_v against_o the_o dane_n army_n in_o defence_n of_o 8._o their_o country_n and_o king_n cnute_n on_o the_o other_o side_n waste_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o county_n of_o buckingham_n bedford_z huntindon_n northampton_n lincoln_n nottingham_n and_o after_o that_o northumberland_n which_o edmond_n be_v inform_v of_o return_v to_o london_n to_o his_o father_n and_o earl_n uhtre_v return_v home_n be_v compel_v by_o necessity_n repair_v to_o cnute_n and_o submit_v himself_o to_o he_o with_o all_o the_o northumbrian_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o he_o and_o give_v he_o hostage_n for_o performance_n thereof_o and_o for_o he_o and_o their_o fidelity_n not_o long_o after_o uhtre_v and_o turketel_a earl_n of_o northumberland_n be_v both_o treacherous_o slay_v by_o turebrand_n a_o dane_n by_o cnutes_n command_n or_o commission_n which_o do_v cnute_n make_v one_o hirc_n some_o style_v he_o egric_fw-la earl_n of_o northumberland_n in_o his_o place_n and_o then_o return_v with_o all_o his_o army_n to_o his_o ship_n in_o triumph_n a_o little_a before_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n with_o a_o very_a great_a booty_n not_o long_o after_o king_n ethelred_n bear_v to_o trouble_n and_o mischief_n after_o manifold_a labour_n vexation_n treachery_n and_o incessant_a tribulation_n end_v his_o wretched_a life_n in_o london_n where_o he_o die_v may_n 9th_o anno_fw-la 1016._o being_n there_o bury_v in_o st_n paul_n church_n find_v rest_n in_o his_o grave_n by_o death_n which_o he_o can_v never_o find_v in_o his_o throne_n all_o his_o life_n have_v attain_v it_o by_o treachery_n and_o his_o brother_n sovereign_n murder_n 10._o who_o ghost_n as_o malmesbury_n and_o other_o write_v do_v perpetual_o vex_v and_o haunt_v he_o all_o his_o reign_n and_o make_v he_o so_o subject_a to_o and_o fearful_a of_o plot_n and_o treachery_n that_o he_o know_v not_o who_o to_o trust_v nor_o ever_o deem_v himself_o secure_a even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o oft_o raise_a army_n noble_n people_z though_o ready_a to_o adventure_v their_o life_n for_o his_o defence_n i_o have_v relate_v these_o passage_n of_o the_o danish_a war_n and_o invasion_n during_o ethelreds_n reign_n more_o large_o than_o i_o intend_v 1._o because_o on_o the_o englishmâ—ns_n part_n they_o be_v mere_o defensive_a of_o their_o native_a country_n king_n law_n liberty_n property_n estate_n life_n against_o foreign_a invader_n and_o â—…rpers_n 2_o because_o they_o more_o or_o less_o relate_v to_o my_o forementioned_a proposition_n touch-the_a fundamental_a right_n liberty_n property_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n 3_o because_o they_o show_v forth_o unto_o we_o the_o true_a original_a ground_n cause_n motive_n necessity_n and_o manner_n of_o grant_v the_o very_a first_o civil_a tax_n and_o tribute_n mention_v in_o our_o history_n by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o noble_n in_o their_o general_n council_n to_o the_o danish_a invader_n to_o purchase_v peace_n and_o the_o true_a nature_n use_v of_o our_o ancient_a danegelt_n and_o rectify_v some_o mistake_n in_o our_o common_a late_a english_a historian_n immediate_o after_o king_n ethelreds_n decease_n spelm._n episcopi_fw-la 1016._o abbates_n deuce_n et_fw-la quique_fw-la nobiliores_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la congregati_fw-la as_o wigornienâ—…s_n hoveden_n â—…n_o duneâ—…s_v râ—…us_fw-fr de_fw-fr diceâ—o_n bromton_n or_o maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la regni_fw-la tam_fw-la clericorum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la congregati_fw-la 〈◊〉_d matthew_n westminster_n or_o proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la clero_fw-la as_o knyghton_n express_v it_o pari_fw-la consensu_fw-la in_o dominum_fw-la et_fw-la regem_fw-la canntum_fw-la eligere_fw-la all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n duke_n and_o noble_n of_o england_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o chief_a clergy_n and_o laity_n assemble_v together_o in_o a_o kind_n of_o parliamentary_a council_n by_o unanimous_a conient_a elect_a cnute_n for_o their_o lord_n and_o king_n notwithstanding_o their_o solemn_a vow_n and_o engagement_n but_o the_o year_n before_o never_o to_o suffer_v a_o danish_a king_n to_o reign_v over_o they_o whereupon_o they_o all_o repair_v â—o_o cnute_n to_o southampton_n speed_n omnemque_fw-la progeniem_fw-la regis_fw-la ethelredi_fw-la coram_fw-la illo_fw-la abhorrentes_fw-la et_fw-la abnegando_fw-la repudiantes_fw-la as_o wigorâ—iâ—â—_n sis_fw-la huntindon_n knyghton_n and_o other_o record_v and_o there_o in_o his_o presence_n abhor_v and_o utter_o renounce_v and_o abjure_v all_o the_o progeny_n of_o king_n ethelred_n they_o submit_v themselves_o and_o swear_v â—eâ—lty_a to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o only_a king_n and_o sovereign_a he_o reciprocal_o then_o swear_v unto_o they_o that_o he_o will_v be_v a_o faithful_a lord_n unto_o they_o both_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o god_n and_o the_o world_n which_o our_o historian_n thus_o express_v quibus_fw-la ille_fw-la jurauâ—t_fw-la quoa_o &_o secundum_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la seculum_fw-la fidelis_fw-la illis_fw-la foret_fw-la dominus_fw-la only_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o part_n of_o the_o noble_n then_o in_o it_o unanimous_o choose_v and_o cry_v up_o ed._n ironside_n king_n ethelreds_n 3._o son_n by_o elgina_n his_o first_o 8._o wife_n daughter_n to_o duke_n thore_v as_o speed_n and_o other_o relate_v though_o matthew_n westminster_n and_o other_o register_v his_o birth_n non_fw-la ex_fw-la emma_n regma_n sed_fw-la ex_fw-la quadam_fw-la ignobili_fw-la foemina_fw-la generatus_fw-la qui_fw-la utique_fw-la matris_fw-la suae_fw-la ignobilitatem_fw-la generis_fw-la mentis_fw-la ingenuitate_fw-la &_o corporis_fw-la strâ—…it_fw-la te_fw-la redintegrando_fw-la redemit_fw-la after_o edmond_n election_n he_o be_v crown_v king_n by_o live_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n at_o kingston_n upon_o thames_n where_o our_o king_n in_o that_o age_n be_v usual_o crown_v no_o soon_o be_v he_o thus_o advance_v to_o the_o regal_a dignity_n but_o he_o present_o march_v undaunted_o into_o west-sex_n and_o be_v there_o receive_v by_o all_o the_o people_n with_o great_a gratulation_n and_o joy_n he_o most_o speedy_o subject_v it_o to_o his_o dominion_n which_o be_v divulge_v in_o other_o part_n many_o county_n of_o england_n desert_v cnute_n voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o unto_o he_o such_o be_v the_o sickleness_n of_o the_o people_n &_o unconstancy_n of_o worldly_a power_n and_o affair_n â—nutâ—_n cnute_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o be_v revenge_v of_o the_o londoner_n for_o make_v edmond_n king_n march_v to_o london_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o fleet_n besiege_v and_o block_v up_o the_o city_n with_o his_o ship_n draw_v up_o the_o thames_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o bridge_n and_o then_o draw_v a_o large_a and_o deep_a trench_n round_o about_o the_o city_n from_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o river_n whereby_o he_o intercept_v all_o ingress_n and_o egress_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o other_o who_o he_o shut_v up_o so_o close_o that_o none_o can_v go_v in_o or_o out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o endeavour_v by_o many_o strong_a assault_n to_o force_v it_o but_o be_v still_o repulse_v by_o the_o citizen_n who_o valiant_o defend_v the_o wall_n he_o leave_v off_o the_o siege_n with_o great_a confusion_n and_o loss_n as_o well_o as_o dishonour_v thence_o he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n into_o dorsetshire_n to_o subdue_v it_o where_o king_n edmond_n meet_v he_o with_o such_o force_n as_o he_o can_v sudden_o raise_v give_v he_o battle_n at_o penham_n near_o gillingham_n where_o
the_o court_n charge_v he_o with_o his_o host_n to_o avenge_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o eustace_n and_o to_o punish_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o man_n of_o dover_n which_o the_o king_n exceed_o aggravate_v but_o godwin_n a_o man_n of_o sharp_a wit_n and_o well_o understanding_n that_o sentence_n ought_v not_o 9_o to_o be_v pronounce_v upon_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o allegation_n of_o one_o part_n only_o without_o hear_v the_o other_o refuse_v to_o march_v with_o his_o army_n against_o the_o burgess_n of_o dover_n although_o the_o king_n command_v he_o both_o because_o he_o envy_v that_o all_o alien_n shall_v find_v such_o extraordinary_a favour_n with_o the_o king_n and_o because_o he_o will_v show_v friendship_n to_o his_o own_o countryman_n whereupon_o he_o answer_v it_o be_v reasonable_a and_o just_a that_o before_o any_o execution_n do_v the_o the_o warden_n of_o dover_n castle_n shall_v be_v summon_v into_o that_o king_n court_n in_o a_o fair_a manner_n to_o answer_v this_o tumult_n and_o if_o they_o can_v excuse_v themselves_o that_o then_o they_o shall_v be_v dismiss_v without_o harm_n or_o if_o not_o that_o then_o they_o shall_v satisfy_v the_o king_n who_o peace_n they_o have_v break_v and_o the_o earl_n who_o they_o have_v offend_v with_o money_n or_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o body_n and_o good_n iniquum_fw-la videri_fw-la ut_fw-la quos_fw-la tutari_fw-la debeas_fw-la eos_fw-la ipse_fw-la potissimum_fw-la inauditos_fw-la adjudices_fw-la and_o so_o godwin_n depart_v at_o that_o time_n little_o regard_v the_o king_n fury_n as_o be_v but_o momentany_a quocirca_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la jussi_fw-la glocestriam_fw-la convenire_fw-la ut_fw-la iâ—i_fw-la magno_fw-la conventu_fw-la res_fw-la ventilaretur_fw-la therefore_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o land_n be_v command_v to_o assemble_v together_o at_o gloucester_n that_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v there_o debate_v in_o a_o great_a parliamentary_a assembly_n thither_o come_v the_o most_o famous_a earl_n syward_a of_o northumberland_n and_o leofric_n earl_n of_o mercia_n omnibus_fw-la anglorum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la and_o all_o the_o english_a nobility_n at_o that_o time_n only_a godwin_n and_o his_o son_n who_o know_v themselves_o suspect_v think_v it_o not_o safe_a for_o they_o to_o come_v thither_o without_o a_o arm_a guard_n whereupon_o they_o encamp_v at_o breverstone_n with_o a_o great_a host_n and_o there_o stay_v give_v out_o a_o report_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o have_v 9_o therefore_o gather_v a_o army_n together_o out_o of_o kent_n surry_n yorkshire_n oxfordshire_n glocestershire_n somersetshire_n herfordshire_n essex_n notinghamshire_n and_o other_o part_n that_o they_o may_v curb_v the_o welshman_n who_o meditate_v tyranny_n and_o rebellion_n against_o the_o king_n have_v fortify_v a_o town_n in_o herefordshire_n where_o swain_n one_o of_o the_o earl_n godwin_n son_n than_o pretend_v to_o keep_v watch_n and_o ward_n against_o they_o the_o king_n hear_v that_o godwin_n and_o his_o son_n have_v raise_v a_o great_a army_n of_o man_n out_o of_o all_o these_o county_n upon_o this_o false_a pretext_n present_o send_v messenger_n to_o syward_a earl_n of_o northumberland_n and_o leofric_n earl_n of_o mercia_n to_o hasten_v to_o he_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n with_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v who_o repair_v to_o he_o at_o the_o first_o with_o small_a force_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o know_v how_o the_o matter_n go_v send_v their_o officer_n through_o their_o country_n together_o with_o earl_n ralph_n in_o his_o country_n speedy_o assemble_v a_o great_a army_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n ready_a to_o encounter_v these_o enemy_n if_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n godwin_n march_v with_o his_o army_n into_o glocestershire_n send_v messenger_n to_o the_o king_n as_o matthew_n westminster_n and_o some_o other_o story_n command_v he_o to_o deliver_v up_o earl_n eustace_n with_o his_o companion_n &_o the_o norman_n &_o bonomans_n who_o then_o hold_v the_o castl_n of_o dover_n to_o he_o else_o he_o shall_v denounce_v war_n against_o he_o to_o who_o the_o king_n be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o military_a force_n send_v this_o answer_n that_o he_o will_v not_o deliver_v up_o earl_n eustace_n to_o he_o command_v moreover_o ut_fw-la qui_fw-la 〈◊〉_d erercitum_fw-la contra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la collegerat_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la ejus_fw-la licentia_fw-la pacem_fw-la regni_fw-la perturbaverat_fw-la veniret_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la die_fw-la statuta_fw-la super_fw-la hac_fw-la injuria_fw-la sibi_fw-la responsurus_fw-la &_o juri_fw-la pariturus_fw-la godwin_n and_o his_o son_n be_v accuse_v of_o a_o conspiracy_n against_o the_o king_n and_o make_v odious_a to_o the_o whole_a court_n by_o the_o welshman_n and_o norman_n so_o that_o a_o rumour_n be_v spread_v abroad_o that_o the_o king_n army_n will_v assault_v they_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o they_o quarter_v and_o be_v unanimous_o resolve_v and_o ready_a to_o fight_v with_o godwin_n army_n be_v much_o incense_a against_o he_o if_o the_o king_n will_v have_v permit_v they_o quo_fw-la accepto_fw-la godwinus_fw-la ad_fw-la conjuratos_fw-la classicum_fw-la cecinit_fw-la ut_fw-la ultro_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la â—on_n resisterent_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la conventi_fw-la fuissent_fw-la quin_fw-la se_fw-la ulciscerentur_fw-la loco_fw-la non_fw-la cederent_fw-la &_o profecto_fw-la facinus_fw-la miserabile_fw-la &_o plus_fw-la quam_fw-la civil_a bellum_fw-la fuisset_fw-la nisi_fw-la maturiora_fw-la consilia_fw-la interessent_fw-la write_v malmsbury_n but_o because_o the_o best_a and_o great_a man_n of_o all_o england_n be_v engage_v on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o other_o it_o seem_v a_o great_a unadvisednesse_n to_o earl_n leofric_n and_o other_o that_o they_o shall_v fight_v a_o battle_n and_o wage_v war_n with_o their_o own_o countryman_n and_o thereupon_o they_o advise_v that_o hostage_n be_v give_v on_o both_o side_n the_o king_n and_o godwin_n shall_v meet_v at_o london_n on_o a_o certain_a day_n to_o plead_v together_o which_o counsel_n be_v approve_v of_o and_o meslenger_n run_v to_o and_o fro_o between_o they_o hostage_n be_v give_v and_o receive_v and_o some_o small_a agreement_n make_v between_o they_o at_o the_o present_a thereupon_o the_o earl_n return_v into_o west-sax_n and_o the_o king_n increase_v his_o army_n both_o out_o of_o mercia_n and_o northumberland_n return_v with_o they_o to_o london_n by_o agreement_n between_o both_o party_n iterumque_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la ut_fw-la londini_fw-la concilium_fw-la coageretur_fw-la and_o it_o be_v again_o command_v by_o the_o king_n that_o a_o council_n or_o parliament_n as_o trevisa_n speed_n and_o other_o render_v 6._o it_o shall_v be_v assemble_v at_o london_n swain_n the_o son_n of_o godwin_n be_v commánd_v to_o mitigate_v the_o king_n anger_n by_o his_o flight_n godwin_n and_o harold_n be_v order_v to_o come_v to_o this_o council_n with_o twelve_o man_n only_o in_o their_o company_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v resign_v up_o to_o the_o king_n the_o service_n of_o all_o the_o knight_n and_o soldier_n which_o they_o have_v throughout_o england_n but_o godwin_n and_o his_o son_n as_o they_o dare_v not_o wage_v war_n against_o the_o king_n so_o ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la ejus_fw-la venire_fw-la juri_fw-la parituri_fw-la negabant_fw-la they_o will_v not_o come_v to_o his_o court_n to_o put_v themselves_o upon_o a_o legal_a trial_n allege_v that_o they_o will_v not_o go_v to_o a_o conventicle_n offactious_a person_n without_o pledge_n and_o host_n age_n that_o they_o will_v obey_v their_o lord_n in_o the_o surrender_n of_o all_o their_o knight_n service_n and_o in_o all_o thing_n else_o without_o the_o peril_n of_o their_o honour_n and_o safety_n that_o if_o they_o come_v thither_o unarm_v they_o may_v fear_v the_o loss_n of_o life_n if_o with_o a_o few_o follower_n it_o will_v be_v a_o reproach_n to_o their_o honour_n but_o the_o king_n be_v so_o resolute_a in_o his_o mind_n that_o he_o will_v not_o recede_v from_o what_o he_o have_v resolve_v by_o their_o entreaty_n upon_o their_o refusal_n to_o come_v unto_o his_o court_n to_o justify_v themselves_o rex_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la concilio_n communi_fw-la curiae_fw-la suae_fw-la judicio_fw-la by_o the_o common_a judgement_n of_o his_o court_n in_o this_o parliamentary_a 6._o council_n et_fw-la omnis_fw-la exercitus_fw-la unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la and_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o his_o whole_a army_n as_o flo-rence_a of_o worcester_n and_o his_o follower_n subjoyne_v banish_v godwin_n himself_o and_o his_o five_o son_n out_o of_o england_n whereupon_o prolatum_fw-la edictum_fw-la est_fw-la a_o decree_n &_o proclamation_n be_v then_o publish_v that_o within_o five_o day_n they_o shall_v depart_v out_o of_o england_n godwin_n perceve_v that_o his_o soldier_n desert_v he_o some_o &_o some_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o king_n army_n and_o displeasure_n thereupon_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n giva_n and_o his_o three_o son_n swain_n gurth_n and_o tosti_n with_o his_o wife_n judith_n daughter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n depart_v present_o out_o of_o england_n by_o the_o isle_n
the_o name_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n bring_v almost_o to_o the_o last_o period_n for_o we_o be_v overcome_v not_o by_o weapon_n and_o hostile_a war_n but_o by_o treason_n and_o domestic_a falsehood_n our_o navy_n betray_v into_o the_o dane_n hand_n our_o battle_n weaken_v by_o the_o revolt_n of_o our_o captain_n our_o design_n betray_v to_o they_o by_o our_o own_o counsellor_n and_o they_o also_o enforce_a composition_n of_o dishonourable_a peace_n i_o myself_o disesteem_v and_o in_o scorn_n term_v ethelred_n the_o unready_a your_o valour_n and_o loyalty_n betray_v by_o your_o own_o leader_n and_o all_o our_o poverty_n yearly_o augment_v by_o the_o payment_n of_o 〈◊〉_d their_o danegelt_n which_o how_o to_o redress_n god_n only_o know_v and_o we_o be_v to_o seek_v for_o if_o we_o pay_v money_n for_o peace_n and_o that_o confirm_v by_o oath_n these_o enemy_n soon_o break_v it_o as_o a_o people_n that_o neither_o regard_n god_n nor_o man_n contrary_a to_o equity_n and_o the_o law_n of_o war_n and_o of_o nation_n and_o so_o fâ—r_v off_o be_v all_o hope_n of_o better_a success_n as_o we_o have_v cause_n to_o fear_v the_o loss_n of_o our_o kingdom_n &_o you_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n revenue_n therefore_o see_v our_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o their_o hand_n at_o our_o throat_n let_v we_o by_o foresight_n and_o counsel_n save_o our_o own_o life_n or_o else_o by_o courage_n sheathe_v our_o sword_n in_o their_o bowel_n either_o of_o which_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o enter_v into_o to_o secure_v our_o estate_n and_o nation_n from_o a_o irrecoverable_a ruin_n after_o which_o speech_n he_o and_o his_o army_n retreat_v and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o prevail_a enemy_n swain_n herepon_n settle_v all_o thing_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n when_o as_o he_o know_v that_o no_o man_n dare_v resist_v he_o command_v himself_o to_o be_v call_v king_n of_o england_n dum_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la alius_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la sure_a regni_fw-la decertare_fw-la vel_fw-la se_fw-la regem_fw-la confiteri_fw-la ausus_fw-la fuisset_fw-la as_o 452._o matt._n westminster_n and_o other_o write_v such_o a_o strange_a fear_n and_o stupidity_n be_v then_o fall_v upon_o ethelred_n and_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n after_o this_o ethelred_n privy_o depart_v from_o london_n to_o hampton_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o weight_n as_o afore_o say_v where_o advise_v with_o the_o abbot_n and_o bishop_n there_o assemble_v in_o council_n what_o course_n be_v best_a to_o steer_v he_o speak_v thus_o unto_o they_o the_o history_n whereof_o i_o shall_v full_o relate_v in_o 70._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n his_o word_n ibi_fw-la abbates_n et_fw-la episcopos_fw-la qui_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o tali_fw-la necessitate_v dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la deserendum_fw-la putarent_fw-la in_fw-la hanc_fw-la convenit_fw-la sententiam_fw-la viderent_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o angusto_fw-la res_fw-la essent_fw-la suae_fw-la et_fw-la suorum_fw-la se_fw-la perfidia_fw-la ducum_fw-la 8._o avito_fw-la extorrem_fw-la solâ—o_fw-la et_fw-la opis_fw-la egentem_fw-la alienae_n in_o cujus_fw-la manu_fw-la aliorum_fw-la â—olebat_fw-la salus_fw-la pendere_fw-la quondam_a monarcham_n et_fw-la potentem_fw-la modo_fw-la miserum_fw-la et_fw-la exulem_fw-la dolendum_fw-la sibi_fw-la hanc_fw-la commutationem_fw-la quia_fw-la facilius_fw-la toleres_fw-la oâ—es_fw-la non_fw-la habuisse_fw-la quam_fw-la habitas_fw-la amisisse_fw-la pudendam_fw-la anglis_fw-la eo_fw-la magis_fw-la quod_fw-la deserti_fw-la ducis_fw-la exemplum_fw-la processurum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o orbem_fw-la terrarum_fw-la iâ—os_fw-la amore_fw-la svi_fw-la sine_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la voluntariam_fw-la subeuntes_fw-la sugam_fw-la domos_fw-la et_fw-la facultates_fw-la svas_fw-la praedonibus_fw-la exposuisse_fw-la in_fw-la arcto_fw-la esse_fw-la victum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vestitum_fw-la deesse_fw-la pluribus_fw-la probare_fw-la se_fw-la fidem_fw-la illorum_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la reperire_fw-la salutem_fw-la adeo_fw-la jam_fw-la subjugata_fw-la terra_fw-la observari_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la nusquam_fw-la sine_fw-la periculo_fw-la sit_fw-la exitus_fw-la quapropter_fw-la considerent_fw-la in_o medium_n quid_fw-la censerent_fw-la faciendum_fw-la si_fw-mi maneant_fw-la plus_fw-la a_o civibus_fw-la cavendum_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la hostibus_fw-la forsitan_fw-la enim_fw-la crucibus_fw-la suis_fw-la novi_fw-la domini_fw-la gratiam_fw-la mercarentur_fw-la et_fw-la cerâ—_n è_fw-la occidi_fw-la ab_fw-la host_n titulatur_fw-la fortunae_fw-la prodi_fw-la a_fw-fr cive_z addicetur_fw-la ignaviae_fw-la si_fw-mi ad_fw-la exteras_fw-la gentes_fw-la fugiâ—ne_fw-la gloriae_fw-la fore_fw-la dispendium_fw-la si_fw-la ad_fw-la notas_fw-la metuendum_fw-la ne_fw-la cum_fw-la fortuna_fw-la colerent_fw-la animum_fw-la plaerosque_fw-la enim_fw-la probos_fw-la et_fw-la illustres_fw-la viros_fw-la hac_fw-la occasione_n caesos_fw-la experiendum_fw-la tamen_fw-la sortem_fw-la et_fw-la tentandum_fw-la pectus_fw-la richardi_fw-la ducis_fw-la normannorum_fw-la qui_fw-la si_fw-la sororem_fw-la et_fw-la nepotes_fw-la non_fw-la ingrato_fw-la animo_fw-la susceperit_fw-la se_fw-la quoque_fw-la non_fw-la aspernanter_fw-la protecturum_fw-la vadabitur_fw-la enim_fw-la mihi_fw-la meam_fw-la salutem_fw-la conjugi_fw-la et_fw-la liberis_fw-la impensus_fw-la favour_n quod_fw-la si_fw-la ille_fw-la adversum_fw-la pedem_fw-la contulerit_fw-la non_fw-la deerit_fw-la mihi_fw-la animus_n planè_fw-la non_fw-la deerit_fw-la hic_fw-la gloriosè_fw-la occumbere_fw-la quam_fw-la illic_fw-la ignominiosè_fw-la vivere_fw-la hereupon_o he_o send_v emma_n his_o queen_n and_o her_o child_n in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n into_o normandy_n accompany_v with_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n and_o abbot_n of_o burgh_n where_o they_o be_v joyful_o receive_v by_o duke_n richard_n who_o invite_v ethelred_n himself_o to_o honour_v his_o court_n with_o his_o presence_n who_o thereupon_o in_o january_n follow_v pass_v over_o into_o normandy_n and_o there_o solace_v his_o misery_n with_o the_o courteous_a entertainment_n he_o there_o find_v daniel_n king_n swain_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n provoke_v invade_v england_n with_o ruin_n and_o slaughter_n play_v the_o absolute_a tyrant_n command_v provision_n to_o be_v abundant_o provide_v for_o his_o army_n and_o navy_n et_fw-la tributum_fw-la fere_n importabile_fw-la solvi_fw-la praecepit_fw-la and_o likewise_o command_v a_o insupportable_a tribute_n to_o be_v pay_v and_o the_o like_a in_o all_o thing_n earl_n turkell_n the_o dane_n command_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o his_o navy_n lie_v at_o greenwich_n hire_v by_o king_n ethelred_n to_o defend_v the_o english_a from_o foreiner_n yet_o both_o of_o they_o as_o often_o as_o they_o please_v prey_v upon_o and_o pillage_v the_o country_n beside_o first_o poll_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o their_o good_n and_o then_o banish_v they_o provincialium_fw-la substantiae_fw-la 4._o prius_fw-la abreptae_fw-la mox_fw-la proscriptiones_fw-la factae_fw-la in_o this_o sad_a oppress_a condition_n under_o their_o new_a sovereign_n to_o who_o they_o have_v submit_v themselves_o both_o noble_n and_o people_n know_v not_o what_o to_o doâ—…_n haesitabatur_fw-la totis_fw-la urbibus_fw-la quid_fw-la fieret_fw-la si_fw-la pararetur_fw-la rebellio_fw-la assertorem_fw-la non_fw-la haberent_fw-la si_fw-la eligeretur_fw-la subjectio_fw-la placido_fw-la rectore_fw-la carerent_fw-la ita_fw-la privatae_fw-la et_fw-la publicae_fw-la opes_fw-la ad_fw-la nave_n cum_fw-la obsidibus_fw-la deportabantur_fw-la quo_fw-la evidenter_fw-la apparet_fw-la swanum_fw-la naturalem_fw-la et_fw-la legitimum_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la dominum_fw-la sed_fw-la atrocissimum_fw-la tyrannum_fw-la as_o malmesbury_n matthew_n westminster_n and_o other_o record_n but_o god_n who_o be_v propitious_a to_o people_n in_o their_o great_a extremity_n suffer_v not_o england_n to_o lie_v long_o fluctuate_a in_o so_o many_o calamity_n for_o this_o barbarous_a tyrant_n swâ—ne_v after_o innumerable_a evil_n and_o cruelty_n perpetrate_v in_o england_n and_o elsewhere_o add_v this_o to_o the_o heap_n of_o his_o further_a damnation_n that_o he_o exact_v a_o great_a tribute_n out_o of_o the_o town_n of_o st._n edmondsbury_n anno_fw-la 1014._o which_o none_o ever_o before_o presume_v to_o do_v since_o it_o be_v give_v to_o the_o church_n wherein_o the_o body_n of_o the_o precious_a martyr_n st._n edmond_n lie_v entomb_v all_o the_o land_n thereof_o be_v exempt_v from_o tribute_n begin_v to_o vex_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o church_n and_o threaten_v to_o burn_v the_o town_n and_o destroy_v all_o the_o monk_n 1._o unless_o they_o speedy_o pay_v he_o the_o tribute_n he_o exact_v and_o use_v reproachful_a speech_n against_o st._n edmond_n as_o have_v no_o holiness_n in_o he_o he_o be_v sudden_o strike_v dead_a and_o end_v his_o life_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n anno_fw-la 1014._o our_o monkish_a historian_n record_v that_o on_o the_o evening_n of_o the_o day_n whereon_o he_o hold_v a_o general_a court_n at_o geâ—gnosburgh_n reiterate_v his_o menace_n against_o the_o town_n and_o ready_a to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n for_o not_o pay_v the_o tribute_n demand_v he_o see_v st._n edmond_n come_v alone_o arm_v against_o he_o while_o he_o be_v environ_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o danish_a troop_n whereupon_o he_o present_o cry_v out_o with_o great_a affright_n and_o a_o loud_a voice_n help_v o_o fellow_n soldier_n help_n behold_v st._n edmond_n come_v to_o slay_v i_o and_o while_o he_o be_v thus_o speak_v be_v grievous_o wound_v with_o a_o spear_n by_o the_o
but_o he_o be_v there_o slay_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o the_o country_n by_o divine_a vengeance_n he_o be_v a_o chief_a inciter_n of_o the_o death_n of_o st._n alphege_n 2._o 404._o the_o english_a &_o dane_n an._n 1022._o in_o colloquio_fw-la apud_fw-la 1022._o oxoniam_fw-la celebrato_fw-la de_fw-la legibus_fw-la regi_fw-la edwardi_fw-la prâ—…i_fw-la tenendis_fw-la coucorde_n facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la unde_fw-la eisdem_fw-la legibus_fw-la jubente_fw-la rege_fw-la cnutone_n ab_fw-la anglica_n lingua_fw-la in_o latinam_fw-la translatis_fw-la tà m_fw-la in_o dania_n quam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it propter_fw-la earum_fw-la aequitatem_fw-la 5._o à _fw-la rege_fw-la praefato_fw-la observari_fw-la jubentur_fw-la as_o mat._n westminster_n relate_v anno_fw-la 1022._o so_o as_o he_o impose_v no_o new_a law_n on_o they_o nor_o revive_v old_a but_o only_o by_o common_a consent_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n both_o of_o english_a and_o danes_n 11_o king_n cnute_n in_o the_o year_n 1023._o do_v so_o careful_o 1023._o endeavour_v to_o reform_v all_o thing_n wherein_o himself_o or_o his_o ancestor_n have_v offend_v as_o he_o seem_v to_o wipe_v away_o prioris_fw-la injustitiae_fw-la naevum_fw-la the_o blot_n of_o his_o former_a injustice_n as_o well_o with_o god_n as_o with_o man_n and_o by_o the_o exhortation_n of_o queen_n emma_n study_v to_o reconcile_v all_o the_o 5._o english_a to_o himself_o he_o bestow_v many_o gift_n upon_o they_o et_fw-la insuper_fw-la bonas_fw-la leges_fw-la omnibus_fw-la et_fw-la placentes_fw-la promisit_fw-la and_o moreover_o promise_v good_a and_o please_a law_n to_o all_o the_o best_a mean_n to_o win_v and_o knit_v the_o people_n heart_n 11._o anno_fw-la 1024._o cnute_n lead_v a_o army_n of_o english_a 1024._o and_o dane_n against_o the_o swede_n whereof_o he_o lose_v many_o in_o the_o first_o battle_n the_o next_o day_n when_o he_o appoint_v again_o to_o fight_v with_o they_o earl_n godwin_n general_n of_o the_o enlish_a militia_n without_o king_n 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duke_n magnificence_n martial_a prowess_n and_o clemency_n serious_o affirm_v that_o all_o his_o soldier_n seem_v to_o be_v priest_n because_o their_o face_n and_o both_o their_o lip_n be_v shave_v which_o kind_n of_o shave_v none_o of_o the_o english_a then_o use_v but_o their_o priest_n only_o upon_o which_o harold_n smile_v at_o the_o scout_n simplicity_n reply_v they_o be_v not_o effeminate_a priest_n but_o soldier_n of_o great_a and_o valorous_a mind_n invincible_a in_o arm_n whereupon_o other_o girth_n harold_n young_a brother_n a_o man_n of_o great_a knowledge_n and_o valour_n beyond_o his_o year_n take_v the_o speech_n out_o of_o his_o mouth_n say_v see_v you_o commend_v the_o valour_n of_o the_o norman_n to_o be_v so_o great_a i_o hold_v it_o unadvised_a rashness_n for_o you_o to_o fight_v with_o they_o to_o who_o you_o may_v be_v repute_v inferior_a both_o in_o merit_n and_o valour_n neither_o be_v you_o able_a to_o gainsay_v but_o that_o you_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o 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thereupon_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o the_o joyful_a kentish_a man_n conduct_v the_o joyous_a norman_n to_o rochester_n where_o they_o resign_v up_o to_o duke_n william_n both_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n and_o noble_a castle_n of_o dover_n and_o thus_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n law_n usage_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a call_v gavelkind_n in_o the_o municipal_a english_a law_n which_o be_v frequent_o and_o equal_o use_v throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n of_o england_n before_o the_o come_n of_o duke_n william_n afterward_o take_v from_o other_o continue_v more_o inviolable_a even_o till_o these_o our_o day_n in_o kent_n alone_o by_o the_o industry_n courage_n intercession_n and_o earnest_a vehemency_n of_o stigand_n and_o egelsine_n which_o thing_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v out_o of_o ancient_a write_n concern_v the_o custom_n of_o kent_n wherein_o it_o be_v thus_o record_v dicit_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la isto_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la debet_fw-la de_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la gravamine_fw-la esse_fw-la libre_fw-la quia_fw-la dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la â—â—mâ—tatus_fw-la iste_fw-la ut_fw-la residuum_fw-la angliae_fw-la nunquam_fw-la fuit_fw-la conquestus_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la pacem_fw-la factam_fw-la se_fw-la reddidit_fw-la conquestioâ—is_fw-la dominaâ—ioni_fw-la salvis_fw-la sibi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la suis_fw-la et_fw-la liberis_fw-la consuetudibus_fw-la primo_fw-la habitis_fw-la et_fw-la usitatis_fw-la and_o from_o this_o valour_n and_o prowess_n of_o the_o kentishman_n in_o stand_v thus_o manful_o for_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n both_o against_o duke_n william_n and_o the_o dane_n before_o he_o when_o as_o the_o other_o english_a base_o submit_v their_o neck_n to_o their_o vassalage_n they_o polycraticon_n first_o obtain_v and_o for_o many_o year_n after_o claim_v enjoy_v this_o special_a privilege_n that_o in_o all_o army_n and_o battalia_fw-la of_o the_o english_a 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he_o to_o crown_v he_o according_a to_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o place_n though_o he_o allege_v other_o reason_n for_o it_o and_o never_o cease_v his_o rancour_n towards_o he_o till_o he_o have_v revenge_v it_o 〈◊〉_d first_o by_o carry_v he_o over_o with_o he_o into_o normandy_n soon_o after_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o prisoner_n at_o large_a under_o a_o pretext_n of_o honour_n next_o by_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o archbishopric_n upon_o his_o return_n from_o thence_o and_o final_o by_o shut_v he_o up_o present_o after_o a_o prisoner_n in_o winchester_n castle_n where_o he_o have_v scarce_o enough_o allow_v he_o to_o keep_v life_n and_o soul_n together_o and_o soon_o after_o there_o die_v of_o grief_n or_o famine_n when_o duke_n william_n be_v crown_v at_o westminster_n by_o archbishop_n aldred_n before_o he_o â—et_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n he_o cause_v he_o before_o the_o altar_n of_o st._n peter_n in_o westminster_n to_o promise_v upon_o oath_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o clergy_n noble_n and_o people_n se_fw-la velle_fw-la sanctas_fw-la dei_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la aâ—_n rectores_fw-la earum_fw-la dâ—fendere_fw-la necnon_fw-la &_o cunctum_fw-la populum_fw-la sibi_fw-la subjectum_fw-la juste_n &_o regali_fw-la providentiae_fw-la regere_fw-la rectam_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la et_fw-la tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la inâ—ustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitas_fw-la interdicere_fw-la as_o florentius_n wigorniensis_n simeon_n dunelmensis_n roger_n de_fw-fr hoveden_n and_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la record_v his_o oath_n which_o the_o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n col_fw-fr 962._o thus_o express_v ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la willielmum_fw-la ad_fw-la jura_n ecclesiae_fw-la anglicanae_n â—uendae_fw-la et_fw-la confirmanda_fw-la populumque_fw-la suum_fw-la recte_fw-la regendum_fw-la et_fw-la leges_fw-la rectas_fw-la statuendum_fw-la secramento_n solemniter_fw-la astrixit_fw-la which_o john_n speed_v thus_o render_v in_o english_a at_o his_o coronation_n he_o take_v a_o corporal_a oath_n before_o the_o high_a altar_n according_a to_o the_o accustom_a form_n to_o defend_v the_o holy_a church_n of_o god_n and_o the_o rector_n of_o the_o same_o to_o govern_v the_o universal_a people_n subject_n to_o he_o just_o to_o establish_v equal_a law_n and_o to_o see_v they_o due_o execute_v as_o become_v a_o good_a king_n after_o which_o oath_n take_v the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n there_o public_o make_v he_o homage_n and_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o he_o to_o be_v his_o trueand_a loyal_a subject_n thus_o write_v 440._o matthew_n westminster_n the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o english_a be_v translate_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o norman_n by_o the_o most_o orderly_a disposition_n of_o god_n who_o dispose_v and_o dissipate_v kingdom_n and_o disappoint_v the_o council_n of_o prince_n give_v they_o to_o who_o he_o will_v and_o so_o long_o as_o he_o please_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o that_o can_v say_v why_o dâ—st_v thou_o thus_o what_o the_o chief_a sin_n of_o the_o englishman_n than_o be_v which_o bring_v they_o under_o the_o norman_a yoke_n i_o have_v mention_v in_o part_n take_v this_o addition_n to_o they_o out_o of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n col_fw-fr 961_o 962._o cur_n autem_fw-la tanto_fw-la furore_fw-la dei_fw-la justiâ—â—a_fw-la in_o anglos_n exarsit_fw-la causa_fw-la ut_fw-la creditur_fw-la haec_fw-la est_fw-la in_o primitiva_fw-la angliae_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la religio_fw-la clarissiâ—â—_fw-la splenduit_fw-la etc._n etc._n processu_fw-la vero_fw-la temporis_fw-la adeo_fw-la omnis_fw-la virtus_fw-la in_o eye_n emarcuit_fw-la ut_fw-la gentem_fw-la nullam_fw-la in_o proditione_n et_fw-la nequitia_fw-la sibi_fw-la parem_fw-la esse_fw-la permitterent_fw-la immisit_fw-la ergo_fw-la dominus_fw-la omnipotens_fw-la velut_fw-la examina_fw-la apum_fw-la gentes_fw-la crudelissimas_fw-la quae_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la ethelwolfi_n regis_fw-la usque_fw-la adventum_fw-la normannorum_fw-la per_fw-la ccxxx_o annos_fw-la terram_fw-la jugiter_fw-la protriverunt_fw-la et_fw-la potissimum_fw-la normanni_n quando_fw-la omnes_fw-la fere_n angli_fw-la ut_fw-la inferius_fw-la aliqualiter_fw-la patebit_fw-la in_fw-la servitutem_fw-la sunt_fw-la redacti_fw-la et_fw-la approbrium_fw-la erat_fw-la anglicus_n appellari_fw-la to_o who_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v this_o passage_n of_o 102._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n more_o full_o set_v out_o the_o sin_n and_o vice_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o english_a in_o that_o age_n which_o bring_v god_n judgement_n on_o they_o and_o enslave_v they_o to_o the_o norman_n by_o one_o single_a battle_n illa_fw-la fuit_fw-la dies_fw-la fatalis_fw-la anglis_fw-la funestum_fw-la excidium_fw-la dulcis_fw-la patriae_fw-la pro_fw-la novorum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la commutatione_n jam_fw-la enim_fw-la pridem_fw-la moribus_fw-la anglorum_fw-la insueverat_fw-la qui_fw-la varii_fw-la admodum_fw-la pro_fw-la temporibus_fw-la fuere_fw-la nam_fw-la primis_fw-la advenâ—us_fw-la svi_fw-la annis_fw-la vultu_fw-la &_o gestu_fw-la barbarico_fw-la usu_fw-la bellico_fw-la ritu_fw-la fanatico_fw-la vivebant_fw-la sed_fw-la postmodum_fw-la christi_fw-la fide_fw-la suscepta_fw-la paulatim_fw-la &_o per_fw-la incrementa_fw-la temporis_fw-la pro_fw-la ocio_fw-la quod_fw-la actitabant_fw-la exercitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la in_o secundis_fw-la ponentes_fw-la omnem_fw-la in_o religione_fw-la operam_fw-la insumpsere_fw-la taceo_fw-la de_fw-la pauperibus_fw-la quos_fw-la fortunae_fw-la tenuitas_fw-la plerumque_fw-la continet_fw-la â—e_n cancellos_fw-la justitiae_fw-la transgrediantur_fw-la praetermitto_fw-la graduum_fw-la ecclesiasticorum_fw-la viros_fw-la quos_fw-la nonnunquam_fw-la profession_n be_v contuitus_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la metus_fw-la à _fw-la uâ—ro_fw-la deviarâ—_n non_fw-la sinit_fw-la de_fw-fr regibus_fw-la dico_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la amplitudine_fw-la suae_fw-la potestatis_fw-la licenter_fw-la indulgere_fw-la voluntatibus_fw-la possent_fw-la quorum_fw-la quidam_fw-la in_o patria_fw-la quidam_fw-la romae_fw-la mutato_fw-la habitu_fw-la coeleste_fw-la luc_fw-fr rati_fw-la sunt_fw-la regnum_fw-la beatâ—m_fw-la nacti_fw-la câ—mmerciâ—m_fw-la multi_fw-la specie_fw-la tenus_fw-la tota_fw-la vita_fw-la mundum_fw-la amplexi_fw-la ut_fw-la thesauros_fw-la egenis_fw-la effunderent_fw-la monasteriis_fw-la dividerent_fw-la quid_fw-la dicam_fw-la de_fw-la toâ—_n episcopis_fw-la hermit_n be_v abbatibus_fw-la nun_n tota_fw-la insula_fw-la indigenarum_fw-la tant_fw-fr be_v reliqui_fw-la be_v fulgurat_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la aliquem_fw-la vicum_fw-la insignem_fw-la praetereas_fw-la ubi_fw-la novi_fw-la sancti_fw-la nomen_fw-la non_fw-la audias_fw-la quam_fw-la multorum_fw-la etiam_fw-la periit_fw-la memeria_fw-la pro_fw-la scriptorum_fw-la inopia_fw-la veruntamen_fw-la literarum_fw-la et_fw-la religionis_fw-la studia_fw-la aetate_fw-la procedente_fw-la