Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	army_n	raise_v	siege_n	1,147	5	9.1227	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35234	Historical remarques and observations of the ancient and present state of London and Westminster shewing the foundation, walls, gates, towers, bridges, churches, rivers ... : with an account of the most remarkable accidents as to wars, fires, plagues, and other occurrences which have happened therein for above nine hundred years past, till the year 1681 : illustrated with pictures of the most considerable matters curiously ingraven on copper plates, with the arms of the sixty six companies of London, and the time of their incorporating / by Richard Burton, author of The history of the wars of England.	R. B., 1632?-1725?	1681 (1681)	Wing C7329; ESTC R22568	140,180	238

of the English upon which false Pretence he was taken into favour again Three days after both Armies prepared again for Battle yet stood still without skirmishing only refreshing their tired Bodies and burying those that were slain in the two days before The night following nutus brake up his Camp and marched toward London he having great displeasure against the Citizens and desiring to conquer that place which was already besieged by the Danish Ships Next morning the Centinels gave notice to King Edm●nd who was preparing to Battle that his Enemies were marched away Who followed them with all speed to London where with little difficulty he raised the Siege and entred the City triumphantly The Danes being thus discomfited Edmund taking advantage of their fear routed them two days after at Brainford though in passing the Thames many of his Men were drowned Upon this Ioss the Traytor Edrick fearing the Ruine of the Danes persuaded his Brother in Law King Edmund to come to a Truce with Canutus who kept it but till he had increased his Forces and then another Battle was fought wherein it is reported Canutus lost 4500 Men and King Edmund only 600. But Canutus a while after recruiting his Army Edmund marched toward him who lay at Ashdown 3 Miles from Saffron Walden in Essex where at first the Victory seemed doubtful till the Danes began to retreat which the ever traiterous Edrick perceiving he with all his Forces revolted to the Danes whereby they got the day and the poor betrayed English were utterly overthrown There were slain of Edmund's Nobility Duke Alfred Duke Godwin Duke Athelward Duke Athelwin and Earl Vrchil with Cadnoth Bishop of Lincoln and Wolsey Abbot of Ramsey and several other of the Clergy who came thither to pray for the good success of King Edm●nd and his Army There are some signs of this Battle in that Field to this very day divers small hills still ●emaining there from whence have been digged the Bones of Men Armour and he chains of Horses Bridles King Edmund being thus treacherbusly forced to quit the Field went on Foot to Glocester with a very small Army leaving Canutus flushed with Victory who marched to London and forced the City to submit to him with many other great Towns After which he followed Edmund into the West who had again raised a considerable Army resolving at once to try the utmost of his fortune The Armies met with a full Resolution to establish the Title of the one by the ruine of the other But a Captain in King Edmund's Army proposed that for preventing Bloodshed the two Kings only should fight in single Combat it chiefly concerning them or else divide the Kingdom between them This was agreed to and the two Kings in sight of both Armies went into a small Island called Alney near Glocester encompassed with the River Severn being compleatly armed they first assaulted each other very stoutly on Horseback ' and afterward on foot But Edmund was strong and fought for a Kingdom● Canutus for Honour And the Combat seemed equal till Canutus having received a dangerous Wound and finding himself over matched desired to treat and spake thus to Edmund What necessity is there most valiant Prince that we for obtaining a Title should thus endanger our Lives it were better to lay Malice and our Armour aside and condescend to a loving Agreement let us therefore become sworn Brothers and divide the Kingdom between us and keep such Amity that we may both use the others share as his own so shall this Land be peaceably governed and we jointly assist each other in necessity Upon this Speech they both cast down their Swords and embraced as Friends to the great joy of both Armies who stood w●vering before betwixt hope and fear expecting their own fortunes according to the success of their Champions Thus was the Kingdom divided betwixt these two Princes Edmund enjoying the West part toward the Coast of France and Canutus the rest And thus was the Saxon Monarchy come to its ●●st Period and the tottering Crown was soon Severn and being compleatly armed they first assaulted each other very stoutly on Horse-back and afterward on Foot But Edmund was strong and fought for a Kingdom Canutus for Honour and the Combat seemed indifferent equal till Canutus having received a dangerous wound and finding himself overmatched in strength desired to treat and spake thus to Edmund What necessity is there most valiant Prince that we for obtaining a title should thus endanger our lives It were better to lay Malice and our Armour aside and condescend to a loving Agreement let us now therefore become Sworn Brothers and divide the Kingdom between us and keep such amity that we may both use the others share as if it were his own so shall this Land be peaceably governed and we jointly assist each others necessity Upon this Speech they both cast down their Swords and embraced as Friends to the great joy and rejoycing of both Armies who stood doubtfully wavering before betwixt hope fear as expecting their own fortunes according to the success of their Champions Thus was the kingdom divided between these two Princes Edmund enjoying the West part toward the Coast of France and Canutus the rest And thus was the Saxon Monarchy come to its last period and the tottering Crown was soon after torn from Edmunds head For Duke Edrick a Traitor in grain being much in favour with both Kings yet to oblige Canutus contrived the death of renowned Edmund who going into a place of casement was suddenly thrust from under the Vault into the body with a sharp Spear which being done the Villain Edrick cut off his Sovereigns head and presented it to Canutus with this flattering salutation All hail thou now sole Monarch of England for here behold the head of thy Copartner which for thy sake I have adventured to cut off Canutus though ambitious enough of Sovereignty yet being of a Princely temper he was much astonished at this base and treacherous Act and vowed That in reward of that Service the Bringers own head should be advanced above all the Peers of his Kingdom Which high honour while this prodigious wretch greedily expected and indeed for some time saith our Author he had some shew of favour from the King he suddenly by the Kings command had his head struck off and placed upon the highest Gate of London to overlook that great City Canutus being possessed of half the Kingdom by composition with Edmund now after his death seized the whole and that all things as was pretended might proceed with Justice and Concord he called a Council of the English Nobility at London wherein it was demanded whether in the Agreement between Edmund and him any Claim or Title to the Crown had been reserved for King Edmunds Brethren or his Sons The English who had paid dear for resisting the Dane hitherto and being afraid to provoke him absolutely answered No. And knowing that Princes

his hands as far as the Borders of Scotland and then he divides his Army committing one part to his Brother William Earl of Salisbury who was ordered to fall upon London and with the other he himself goes into Yorkshire where most of the Lords had Estates which he miserably destroys with Fire and Sword The Lords being distressed on every side resolved upon a course neither honourable nor safe yet such as Necessity made appear to be both For they send to Philip K. of France requiring him 〈◊〉 send over his Son Lewis to their aid and promis● they would submit themselves to be governed 〈◊〉 him and to take him for their Sovereign 〈◊〉 this mention of the Lords King Philip was as forward as themselves which King John understanding sends again to the Pope requiring him to use 〈◊〉 Authority to stay the King of France from coming Who accordingly sent Cardinal Wallo his Legate who threatned the Great Curse in the Council on all who should join with those Excommunicate persons against King John or should enter upon St. Peters Patrimony But King Philip replied That England was no part of St. Peters Patrimony no King having power of himself to alienate his Kingdom and John especially who being never lawful King had no power to dispose thereof and that it was an Errour and a pernicious Example in the Pope and an itching lust and desire after a new and lawless Dominion His Peers likewise swore by Christs death That they would lose their lives rather than suffer a King of himself or with the consent of a few base Flatterers to give away his Crown and enslave his Nobles especially to the Pope who ought to follow St. Peters steps to win souls and not to meddle with Wars and murthering of mens bodies Now the reason of the Popes claiming England as St. Peters Patrimony was upon the account of the Resignation of King John And though the Pope seemed now so zealous for the Interest of King John yet not above five years before he was as much his Enemy For the King being incensed against the Clergy and endeavouring to rectifie some miscarriages about electing Bishops c. the Pope fearing he would intrench upon his Priviledges used his utmost power against him forbidding Mass to be said for some years Excom●●unicating and Cursing him and giving his King 〈…〉 to the French King and stirring up his ●wn Nobility against him freeing them and all the People from their Allegiance to him So that King John being encompassed with Troubles on every side was compelled to submit to whatever the Pope would command him Nay he was for●ed to take off his Crown and kneeling on his knees in the midst of his Barons he surrendred it into the hands of Pandulphus the Legate for the Popes use saying Here I resign up the Crown of the Realm of England to the hands of Pope Innocent the Third and lay myself wholly at his mercy and appointment At whose feet he also laid his Scepter Robes Sword Ring and all the Ensigns of Royalty Pandulphus took the Crown from King John and kept it five days and the King giving then all his Kingdoms to the Pope to be held in Farm from him and his Heirs for evermore the Crown was restored King John engaging to pay 700 Marks a year for England and 300 for Ireland half of it at Easter and half at Whitsuntide as Rent for the said kingdoms But this being done out of force and necessity King Philip it seems no more than his own People did not think it of any value Yea Prince Lewis himself beseeched his Father not to hinder him from that which was none of his gift and for which he was now resolved to spend his bloud and would chuse rather to be excommunicated by the Pope than falsifie his promise to the English Barons For upon their sending their Letters of Allegiance confirmed with the Hands and Seals of all the Lords to implore King Philips favour and to send his Son and desiring his Son to accept of the Crown they received a present supply of French Souldiers upon their delivering up fifty English Gentlemen as Hostages for the true performance of the Contract King Philip therefore having received his Holi●● Message with such scorn and contempt so a●●righted the Legate with his stern countenance that he made all possible haste to be gone as fearing some mischief should be done him And Lew● as speedily set forth for England with his Flee● of six hundred Ships and fourscore Boats where● with arriving first in the Isle of Thanet and afterward going to Sandwich the Barons came thither to him and joined with him King Johns great Navy wherewith he intended to oppose him was driven Southward by a sudden Tempest and his Souldiers were generally Mercenaries and more inclined as it appeared afterward to Lewis a Foreign Prince than to him whereupon King John thought fit for the present to forbear Battle and went toward Winchester In the mean time Lewis had liberty to take all places thereabout except Dover Castle which John had committed to the valiant Hubert de Burg. Yet Lewis marcheth forward to London where entering with a solemn Procession and with the incredible applause of all he went into St. Pauls Church and there the Citizens of London took their Oaths of Allegiance to him From whence he passed to Westminister and there the Lords and Barons likewise swore to be true to him he himself likewise swearing to restore to all men their Rights and to recover to the Crown whatsoever had been lost by King John Then he chose Simon Langton who had been lately disgraced by the Pope for his Lord Chancello by whose preaching the Citizens of London and the Lords though they were excommunicated and under the Popes curse did yet celebrate Divine Service and drew on Prince Lewis to do the like Whereupon Wallo the Popes Legate who was now with King John denounced heavy and solemn Curses throughout the kingdome against the Londoners and especially against Lewis and his Chancellour by name But Lewis went from London and passeth over 〈◊〉 the Country without resistance but not with●ut infinite outrages committed by his Souldiers which was not in his power to hinder In the ●ean time King John finding his Enemies imployed in the Siege of Dover Castle and likewise ●t Odiam Castle wherein 13 English men onely braved Lewis and his whole Army for 15 days together nay sallied out upon them and taking every man a Prisoner to the great admiration of the French they returned safely back again and afterward delivered up the place upon honourable conditions King John thereupon gathers a Rabble of Rascally people about him with which he over-runs all the Country to the ruining of the Barons Castles and Estates in all places And then marching from Lyn in Norfolk on which place he bestowed his own Sword a gilt Bole and divers large Priviledges in testification of their Loyalty to him

are generally appeased with flattery they offered their Swords against any such Claims and took themselves the Oath of Allegiance to Canutus who being a very wise and Politick Prince had never the better opinion of them for their fawning rightfully judging that those who were false to their natural Prince would never be true to him nor his posterity who were Foreigners Canutus being thus freed from all his Opposites was Crowned King of England at London in 1017. by Elstane Archbishop of Canterbury being the second King of Denmark of that name and the first of England and the 34. Monarch of this Land King Canutus dying left the Kingdom of Norway to his eldest Son Swain and England to his youngest called Hardyknute who being at that time in Denmark Harold his elder Brother by a former wife taking advantage of his absence laid claim to the Crown and enjoyed it four years having neither wife nor child After his death the English as well as Danes who had been for Harold thought best to send for Hardyknute and offer him the Crown who soon after came to London in great state and was there proclaimed King of England and crowned He spent his Reign in doing nothing but doing ill For no sooner had he power to command but he ordered the body of his Brother the deceased King Harold to be taken out of his Grave and disgracefully thrown into the River Thames where it remained till a Fisherman found it and buried it in the Churchyard of S. Clement commonly called St. Clement Danes because say some it was the burying-place for that Nation This Hardyknute altogether neglected his Government delighting in nothing but eating and drinking to excess having his Tables spread with fresh Victuals four times every day which caused all manner of Debauchery to reign among his Subjects by his evil example since it is natural for people to imitate the Vices of their Sovereign He died suddenly at the celebration of a Marriage at Lambeth near London for while he was revelling and carousing in the midst of his Cups he suddenly fell down without speech or breath whose loss was little lamented by reason of his Riot and Excess and the severe Taxes he laid upon the People for maintaining his extravagancies yea so far were any from bewailing him that in remembrance of their Freedom from the Danish yoke he being the last King of the Danes the common people for a long time after celebrated the day of his death which was the eighth of June with open Pastimes in the Streets as the Romans formerly kept their Fugalia for chasing out their Kings which time is called Hocktide or Heuxtide signifying a time of Scorning and Contempt which fell upon the Danes by his death Edward the third of that name before the Conquest half-brother to the deceased Hardy-Canute and Son to King Ethelred by Queen Emma his wife succeeded him and was called Edward the Confessor between whom and Godwin Earl of Kent there happened such differences that they raised Forces against each other and fitted out divers Ships King Edward appointed sixty Ships for a Guard to the Thames mouth but Godwin being a man of very great Authority sollicited the People of Kent Sussex and Surrey to his aid and entering the Thames with his Ships invited the Londoners to join with him which they accordingly did though King Edward were in the City so that without resistance his Navy came up with the Tide to the South end of London-bridge and a very great Army attended to aid him on Southwark side The Nobility observing the People to be divided into Parties and one English man ready to destroy another they so prevailed with King Edward and Godwin that they made a Reconciliation between them and Pledges were delivered for the true performance of the Agreement About this time that is in 1047. there fell a very great Snow in January which covered the ground to the middle of March so that most of the Cattle and Fowl perished and the Year following a strange and terrible Earthquake happened which seemed to rend the earth asunder and such Lightnings withall as burnt up the Corn ●rowing in the Fields whereby an extraordinary Dearth and Fa●ine followed In the Year 1066. William the Conquerour landed at Pemsey in Sussex and immediately sent a Messenger to King Harold at London whereby he claimed no less than the Crown of England upon pretence of a Donation from King Edward deceased and required that Harold should be a Vassal to him The Messenger urged the same with so much confidence that Harold in his fury could hardly forbear though against the Law of Arms to lay violent hands on the Ambassadour And thereupon he returns a threatning Message to William to depart immediately back into Normandy at his utmost peril He then proceeds to muster his Forces which were not so many as he expected though divers Noblemen Gentlemen and others who were inflamed with the love of the Rights and Liberties of their Native Country joined with him to keep out this dangerous Foreigner However King Harold with an undaunted courage led his men into Sussex against the earnest intreaty of his Mother who endeavoured to hinder him and pitching his Tents in a large fair Plain not above seven miles from the Enemy he sent forth his Spies for discovery who being taken by Duke William he ordered that they should view all his Tents and then sent them safely back to Harold They commended Williams clemency and his great strength but told Harold that they thought all his Army were Priests for their Beards were all shaved whereas the use of the English was then to reserve the hair of the upper lip without cutting King Harold replied they were no Priests but men of great courage and valour to his knowledge● he having been formerly in that Country Harold was thereupon persuaded not to venture himself in the Battle but to go on to levy more Souldiers And his Brother told him that William charged him that he had taken an Oath to settle him in the Throne and said he Thou knowest what Oath thine own mouth hath made unto William if it were lawful and thou tookest it willingly withdraw thy self out of the Field lest for thy great sin the whole Army be destroyed for there is no power that can resist God But Harold reproved his Brother for his freedom and disdainfully undervalued the strength of the Normans and seemed to conceive that nothing which he did being a private man could now bind him when he was a Prince Duke William being now come into the Field and both Armies facing each other as ready for Battle to spare the effusion of Christian bloud he sent a Monk as a Mediator for Peace offering Harold either to resign the Kingdom to himself and acknowledge him his Sovereign or to trie the quarrel in single Battle in the sight of both Armies or lastly to stand to the Arbitrement of the Pope who should

wear the English Crown But Harold being destinated to destruction would neither accept the counsels of his Friends nor the offers of his Enemies but referred the decision to Heaven saying That it should be tried the next day with more Swords than one Next day was the 14 of October which upon a credulous Errour he always held to be fortunate to him it being his Birth-day and therefore he greatly desired to engage in fight His Souldiers likewise dreaming of nothing but Spoil and Victory and that their heads should be crowned with Lawrel spent the preceding night in all manner of Jollity Banquetting Revelling and Noise whereas on the contrary the Normans wisely and seriously considering the great importance of the work they were to engage in applied themselves to their Prayers and Vows for the safety of their Army and its victorious suc●ess And in the morning as soon as it was light they were all in Battle Aray and ready prepared to fight Harold likewise with all expedition marshalled his Souldiers placing the Kentish men in the Van according to an ancient custom with their heavy Axes and Halberts the Londoners and the Middlesex men were in that Squadron which he himself and his Brother led The Normans advancing forward discharged a fierce Volley of Arrows like a Tempestuous Hail which was a kind of Weapon the English never understood and therefore thought their Enemies had been in the midst of them already Soon after the Battle began in earnest King Harold like an expert General had placed his men in so firm a Body that no force of the Normans could disorder their Ranks till Duke William used a stratagem commanding his men to sound a Retreat and counterfeit flight though he still kept them in good order The English supposing the Normans to have been fled and themselves Masters of the Field carelesly broke their ranks when suddenly the Normans came on again and fell upon them before they could put themselves in a posture of defence whereby multitudes of them were slain on every side not being able to make head again Yet did not the English leave the Field but resolved rather to maintain their honour in Arms and casting themselves into a Round they preferred dying for their Country rather than to forsake the Standard of their King and thereupon encouraging one another they made resistance for a long time but showers of Arrows like a mighty storm falling among them one of them most fatally and unhappily for the English Nation wounded King Harold into the Brains through the left Eye so that falling from his Horse he was slain under his own Standard and an Ambush of Horsemen cut many others to pieces Duke William fought so valiantly that he had this day three Horses slain under him and King Harold shewed no less courage in killing many Normans with his own hands The Mother of Harold named Thyra offered a great sum of mony for the Kings body which falling among such a multitude it being reckoned that there died about threescore thousand men that day it could by no means be found for it was despoiled of all its Royal Ornaments by the plundering Souldiers so that King Harold lying stript wounded bemangled and gored in his bloud could not be known from another man till a Lady named Editha was sent for who for her extraordinary beauty was called Swans Neck she having been very familiar with him before he was King knew some secret mark in his body by which she discovered him After which the Duke freely delivered it to his Mother and it was buried in Waltham Abby This Battle was fought October 14. 1066. a doleful day of destruction to the English when the Royal bloud of the Saxons perished who first divided this Land into seven Kingdoms and afterwards made of them one glorious Monarchy not inferiour to any in Europe and whose Kings for Valour and Magnanimity were ranked with the greatest in the World But the over-ruling providence of Heaven which sets up and pulls down at pleasure was pleased at this time for the sins of the English or some other cause unknown to us to put the Scepter into the hands of another Family and another Nation Morcar and Edwin Brethren to the unfortunate Queen escaped by night out of the R●●le and came to London where consulting with the rest of the Lords they began to revive their hopes and posted Messengers from thence to raise new Forces And because the English were struck into a dreadful astonishment at the news of this great ●oss they to keep them from despair sent them Word That the chance of War was uncertain the number of the English yet many and there were Commanders enough left to try another Battle Alfred Archbishop of York being President of the Assembly very couragiously and prudently advised ●hat they should immediately proclaim and crown Edgar Atheling the true Heir for their King to which the Londoners and divers Sea Captains agreed But the Queens brethren and likewise the Earls of Yorkshire and Cheshire being themselves ●mbitious of the Crown though their Country was in such a deplorable condition hindered this wise and noble design In the twentieth Year of William the Conque●our there happened so great a Fire in London ●hat from the West Gate to the East it consumed Houses and Churches all the way and among the ●est St. Pauls as much as was combustible was ●urnt to ashes and most of the principal Cities in England were much damaged by Fire Other great calamities likewise happened as Burning Fevers Murrains upon Cattle abundance of Rain and Water-flouds insomuch that the Hills seemed to ●e softned to the very foundation and with their ●all overwhelmed many Villages there was likewise such a dearth in London and England that ●en eat Horses Cats Dogs and mans flesh In 1077. upon Palm Sunday about Noon a bla●ing Star appeared nigh the Sun yea which is ●●range tame Fowls such as Hens Geese Pea●cks and the like fled into Forests and Woods beca●●● wild There was likewise a great Forst which lasted from the middle of November to the midst of March There was also a grea● Wind on Christmas day accompanied with a terrible Earthquake This King William seized all the Lands between Barnee and London-stone which belonged to the Abby of St. Albans and also all the Treasure Chalices and Shrines of all the Abbies and Monasteries in England He likewise laid great Taxes upon the Land and caused an exact Survey to be taken of the whole Kingdom so that he knew the value of all the Rents and Profits of the Lands and likewise of all Cities Towns Villages Hamlets Monasteries and Religious Houses causing all the People in England to be numbred and their names taken with an account what every one could spend in the Year After which be exacted fix shillings upon every hide of Land which amounted to a vast sum of money The Book which contained this Actual Survey was called by the English