And about that time himselfe in person goes to Ribbenitz in Mecklenburg where his Campe is pitcht Sept. 28. of which more when we speake of Mecklenburg About the same time of September is the brave Lieutenant Generall Bauditzen sent to the siege of Colbergen and the noble Feild-Marshall Gustavus Horne commands the standing Army at Stetin Thus hath the King foure Armies at once and thus are they all imployed October 5th certaine Crabats making a braue before the trenches at Stetin driue away the Cattell thereby feeding In rescue of them out sally 1000. Swedens the Crabats faine a slight the Swedes too rashly pursuing The Swedes beaten by the Imperialists fall into an Ambush there beginnes a fierce skirmish in which the Swedes overlayd by numbers loose some 300. braue men two Captaines of horse and one Sergeant Major the rest being glad to get off with their liues The Swedes meditating revenge fall out a while after vpon the Imperialists Cattell by Grippenhagen and Gartz driving away some 300. from both places and come fayrely with them to their quarter Many the like feates of Armes were daily practised betwixt them And now leaving the other Armies to their businesse in other places Colbergen besieged we will turne to the siege of Colbergen not because it was first taken but first besieged and because it is a peice of Story by it selfe vpon which no other depends no other Towne being in those quarters This Towne is scituate on the Sea-coast further from Stralesundt and neerer vnto Prussia then the King had yet conquered So strong a place that Torquati and the rest had made choyce of it there to lay vp their pillage and what treasure they had gotten in the warres About the 4th of September was Colonel Kniphowsen sent by the King to try what he could doe vpon it His troupes being too weake Bauditzen is sent with 4000. men and 18. peices of Ordnance Vpon him the Crabats and other Imperialists set amaine a hote skirmish there is and much losse on both sides Bauditzen thereupon receiues two more Regiments from the King so that now he is 5. Regiments of foote and certaine horse strong before the Towne The Gentlemen of the Country are also drawne into the action The Garrison within is 11. Companies of foote but very weake ones The famous Onslaught of Colbergen Torquati Conti not ignorant of this hath a designe about the beginning of November for the relieving of the Towne and his owne treasure in it hoping eyther vtterly to defeate Bauditzen and Kniphowsen that now blockt it vp or at least to beate vp a Quarter and so to thrust some succours into it Gustavus Horne then in the Camp at Stetin having notice of it immediately calls a Councell of Warre The resolution is first to send Bauditzen and Kniphowsen word of it wishing them to stand vpon their guard a while assuring them by such a time to be with them This done they draw out halfe of every Regiment to goe along every Colonel to command his owne all being Commanded men such as had no Colours with them and for defence of the Camp leaving the other halfe with all the Lieutenant-Colonells and Sir Arthur Leslye to command all Word also is sent vnto the Swedish Garrisons of Griffenberg Golnaw just in the way to come and meete them So that with these and their fellowes before Colbergen they might make some 8000. foote 4000. horse The enemy was also some 9. or 10000. men and those vpon their march at least a day or two before Gustavus Horne had notice of it but they going the further way about through the Marck and so along behinde Schiffelbien as farre from the Swedish Garrisons as they could for feare of being discovered the Swedish were at Colbergen before them There found they their owne men in battell array and no newes of any Imperialists yet Consulting what to doe they there resolved to stay in sight of the Towne to amaze and affray the enemy all that day and then to take as many out of the Leaguer as might well be spared and so to march away by night to meete with the enemy Gustavus Horne commanded the Foote the Lord Reay led the valiant Scottish-men of his owne Nation and Bauditzen the horse About midnight comes a Countrey-Boore vnto them with assurance that the enemy had then taken vp their Quarter in two or three little Dorps that were hard before them els might they haue marcht by them and so the enemy might haue gone on and defeated those before Colbergen first and perchance those at Stetin afterwards Here the Colonells consult what to doe All but Kniphowsen resolue to surprize them as they now lay scattered and devided in these Villages but Kniphowsens advise was to stay till morning His reasons were first they knew not the strength and lodging of the enemy so that if by any error they should be defeated Colberg and Stetin and all were lost Againe it was a very good peice of service to haue prevented the enemy in his designe and if they could not beate him it were enough to turne him backe againe And these reasons prevailed so that the Army being hardmarcht sate there downe to refresh themselues Whilest here they were eyther the same Boore or some other goes and tells the Imperialists that the Swedish were hard by them so that by three a clocke in the morning they might perceiue the enemies Dorps all on a flame for they rising to be gone homewards had now set fire vpon their Quarters The Swedish perceiving this fall generally to blame Kniphowsen resolving instantly to pursue them Comming to the forsaken Dorps there knocke they downe some sixtie men that the enemy had left behinde and so follow on the rest At breake of day they had sight of the retyring enemy vpon a fayre Heath whereupon the Swedish horse making more speede by eight a clocke were vpon the neckes of them The enemy making Alt turnes faces about to them whereupon the Swedish horse forbeare to charge till their owne Foote should be come vp to them who now doubling their march were hard at hand with them Thus when the enemy makes a stand so doe the Swedish too and when the enemy marches the other lyes beating vpon their Reere The Crabats or Imperiall horse perceiving themselues likely to be overmatcht with numbers play the Pultrons and run away The Foote goe on in this fashion till they came to a Dorpe or Village called Faldinbruch there was a passage at a water-mill over whose bridge they were to goe and there one of the carriages of their Ordnance breaking fowlly stopt vp their passage Here being crowded and disordered the formost began also to flee And now fell there so sudden and so strange a mist that a man could hardly discerne two Pikes length before him The enemies Foote that could not get over the bridge betooke themselues into the marish by the Rivers
appeares by his Answere vnto the Duke of Saxonyes Letters in August giving him intelligence how farre the King was alreadie advanced in Pomerland Which was how that himselfe was so well provided for him that he was confident to scatter any power of the enemy A despised enemy we haue by experience seene to haue made fowle worke and God mostly workes by such despised meanes that himselfe may therein be observed to be the Lord of Hosts Further then this wee will neither Comment nor Devine Before the Kings setting foote within the Empire he in Aprill sends forth his gracious Declaration of his intent to maintaine Stralesundt c. Which the Emperour might well take for a Herald at Armes to proclaime his comming and so prevent it and not complaine afterwards as he did that he stoale in vpon him His Majestie having thus declared himselfe for Stralesundt makes his first warre for the freeing of that A small Iland there is in the Baltick Sea within some halfe league off Stralesundt called Rugen A ragged square plot it is some seaven Dutch leagues over This Ile being a Principalitie of the Duke of Pomerlands was like other of his Lands rather infested now then guarded by the Imperialists That the King therefore might cleare that I le and his owne way both at once and leave no enemy to trouble his Landing or to come vpon his backe he giues order before his owne setting forth of Stockholme the chiefe Citie of Sweden to haue that Iland begunne withall The I le of Rugen taken About mid Aprill therefore did the people of Stralesundt assisted with some 18. shippes of Sweden which had wintered in the Pilau and other Ports thereby prepare to fall vpon that and Hiddenzee another little Ilet hard-by on the North-west both which being open places were by the end of May well cleared of the Imperialists One indifferent strong Sconce by Brandishagen vpon Rugen there is into which the Imperialists betooke themselues not so easie to be taken as the rest These of Stralesundt therefore now newly strengthned from Sweden vpon the 17 th of Iune following with 3000. foote and foure troupe of horse resolue to set vpon the Fort. Marching vp therefore from the old Ferry into the I le they in Battle array showe themselues before the Fort twelue great Shallops and two Gallyes well mand and furnisht with shot in the meane time besieging them by water The Fort perceiving this by a resolute Sally labour to hinder their Landing but the Swedish discharging eight peices of Ordnance from their Boats amongst them quickly make them to retyre Landing being thus gained and their batteries raised they readily dismount the enemies Canon and put him from his Ordnance The 18. day the Swedish Generall demaunds vp the Fort their answere was to defend it to the last drop of bloud The next morning there was from Brandishagen which lyes over against the Fort a boate of fresh water sent vnto their reliefe The Swedish Shallops giue fire apace vpon the Boate in rescue of it doth the Garrison sally out a great smoake arising from their shooting in the skirmish is by the winde carryed full into the Fort the Swedish apprehending the advantage fall pell mell vpon it getting among the sallyers into the Fort ere ever they were aware of it The Fort of Brandishagen taken Thus was it taken without the losse of one man The Swedish being Maisters of the peice put all to the sword whom the next day they found in Armes Two hundred prisoners they tooke six peices of Ordnance sixtie barrels of Bisket much Beere and provisions Whilest these things were there a doing his Majestie is in his owne Countrey busie about imbarking his men Some 12000. brought he out of Sweden with him for so many were seene march His Fleete was about some hundred and thirtie Shippes of all sorts With these having beene fiue weekes at Sea whereof a whole moneth in one place he came to an Anchor neare the Iland of Rugen which lyes a mile distant from one of the mouthes of the River Oder called Pennemundt The King of Sweden lands Immediately hereupon his Majestie gaue order for the Landing of the Foote or Infantery which was done in great Sloopes or flat bottomd Boates provided for that purpose whereof each one would well carry an hundred Souldiers with two Feild-peices His Majestie himselfe in person landed first at that Dorp or Village in the I le of Vsedome called Pennemundt being at that present waited vpon by two Swedish Earles that were brethren Grave Neeles and Grave Ioachim by name Next him were landed Colonel Lillie Colonel Cag and Colonel Hansson all Swedish with their Regiments Next to them Landed the Lord Reay Colonel together with Colonel Spence and Colonel Magdongall with their three Scottish Regiments Last of all landed the Lord Falkenberg Lord Marshall of his Majesties household together with Colonel Hall and Colonel Derickson with their three Regiments of High-Dutch-men All these eleven foresayd Regiments were landed and entrenched before day-light Vpon the second of Iuly after the Souldiers had a little reposed and refreshed themselues his Majestie commaunded the Canon baggage and victualls to be landed and because the Army had beene so long at Sea he thought it expedient to rest them there for two dayes in which space he landed his Cavalry or Horse also This I le of Vsedome where the King was new landed The I le of Vsedome taken is scituate not farre from Stralesundt and to the South-east of it towards Stetin betwixt the Baltick Sea on the North the mouth of the Oder which from the River Pene disemboguing into it is called Penemundt on the West the great fresh Lake called the Frischhaff on the South and the I le of Wollin on the East Vpon the fourth of Iuly twelue troupes of the Kings Horse together with three thousand Muskettiers went out vpon a partie the King himselfe commanding them They marched vpwards three miles into the I le of Vsedome where they saw diverse troopes of the enemies but all of them ranne away The 5 th and 6 th dayes were spent in hearing of Ambassadors from the Dukes of Mecklenburg Pomeren and the Towne of Stralesundt On the 7 th day his Majestie leaving Colonel Knip-howsen then Sergegeant Major Generall with two Regiments of foote to defend the workes at Penemundt with the rest of the Army passing over the water on the West side of the I le marches vp to the Towne of Wolgast Here had the enemy a strong Sconce on the water-side directly against the Castle vpon the I le of Vsedome which Sconce his Majestie thought fittest to be first assaulted As he marched towardes this Castle the Crabats falling out begun the Skirmish with the Kings Horse who being presently seconded by the foote constrained the Crabats to giue ground with great losse Those of them which were not killed in the fight making great hast vnto the River
Leaguer yea they were perceived to rise with their whole Army as the Towne thought and to march to Ottersleben halfe a mile from them All that night was the Lord Falkenburg vpon the walls and perceiving in the morning no danger of assault he calls the Citie together to giue answere to the enemies Trumpet yea so secure they were that the overwatcht Souldiers are suffered to goe from their Courts of guard to take some sleepe and some say that the Townesmen were gone to Church to giue God thankes for their deliverance from the siege Thus the walles being found emptie about 7. on the tuesday morning May 10. Pappenheym having given the word Iesu-Maria to his Souldiers Magdenburg taken and a white string about their Armes makes towards the Heidecker port where having thrown turffs and faggots into the Ditch to fill it thorow it vp to the middle the Imperialists runne with scaling ladders vpon their backes The walls are in a trice mounted the Towne entered and the Souldiers fall to killing Falkenberg now flying in vpon them beates them backe to the very walls againe but a Port being by this time opened and the enemies horse let in the valiant Falkenberg is slaine with a shot the Administrator hurt both in the thigh and head and so taken Whilest all thus goes to wrack a mightie fire breakes out how none knowes and it being a great windie day all was on the sudden become one great flame the whole Towne was in twelue houres space wholly turnd to Cinders excepting 139. houses Sixe goodly Churches are burnt the Cathedrall together with S. Maries Church were by the Monkes and Souldiers diligence preserved Twentie thousand people at least were here killed burned and smoothered six thousand being observed to be drowned in the Elve Tillyes Wallons would giue Quarter to few and the Crabats never vse to giue or beg any so that all were kill'd May 12. came Tilly into the Towne and finding some hundreds of women and Children in the Church he giues them their liues and some bread to maintaine it too Next day he forbids pillaging Vpon Sunday May 15. because he would haue this fayre Cathedrall as like to Rome as might be that is Consecrated in bloud he causes it to be cleansed and new consecrated Masse and With a vengeance can the Papists now say that this Masse was â—â—ruenâ—um â—acrificium an â—nbloudy sacrifice Te Deum being sung in it in thankesgiving for the Victory Future ages may perhaps compare the destruction of this goodly Citie vnto that of Troy or of Ierusalem The King of Sweden who for want of horses to draw his Carriages and Ordnance could not come time enough to the reliefe hearing of it vowed as some say to be revenged rising and retyring a little with his Army There is a prodigie reported in Gallobelgicus portending some dire abodement vnto the Citie Thus. A Citie-Captaines wife dying in Child-bed desires to be ript the childe was found a boy In capite cassâ—dem thoracem ferreum ocreas amplas quas alla modo vocant almost as big as one of three yeares old He had an head-peice and an iron breast-plate vpon him great bootes of the French fashion and a bag by his side with two like Musket-bullets in it This take vpon his credit or vpon theirs that told it him The same day that Magdenhurg was taken had Count Tilly given order for the burning of the Dessau bridge vpon the Elbe where the Multa runnes into it which was the only passage by which the King of SwedeÌ„ might endanger to disturb his siege of this act he much repented him after the taking of the Citie seeing that by destroying of that Bridge he had cut of himself from having any more to do on the further side of the River Being not able therfore to returne that way and hearing of some levies of Souldiers now making by the Leaguers of Leipsich in Saxonie Hessen and Durengen those he resolues by his presence to hinder In the end of May therefore from Magdenburg he remoues leaving 3 Regiments in the Towne to defend what the fire had left The Count of Tilly marches towards Duringen Forsaking the bancks of the Elbe and bending a little westerly at first through the Hercynian forrest he goes with some 20000 men after him in passing through which many of his stragling Souldiers were knockt downe by the Boores of the Country his Ordnance are sent to Gruningen so forward to Allesleben Thither being come he there pitches Pitches at Aldersleben for hither had the Dukes of the house of Saxonie whose Lands lay there about now sent their Ambassadors Pappenheym is now dispatcht towards Havelburg as you haue hefore heard and part of Tillies Cavallerie is sent into Saxon-Weymars Altenburgs Coburgs Swartzenburgs Countries Thence goes he to Eisleben out of which Towne hee drawes a present contribution of 8000 loaues of btead and 40 tunne of beere the Citie of Ertfurt who there had their Ambassadors is forced to yeeld to contributions Thus goes his Army on-wards by slow marches like a Droue or Hoard of Tartars as if they meant to grase and eate vp the Countrey as they went His cheife designe is vpon the great Citie of Ertfurt in Duringen and its neighbour Hessen that lie to the South-west of Saxonie now bearing due West of him Passing therefore into the Countie of Mansfelt he over-spreads the Countries with his Armies for Iune the 9th I find some of them at Sangerhausen others then at Alstedt and some at Arnsteyn all three Townes neere vnto Eysleben and Mansfelt some leagues to the west of Hall Iune the 13th is the greatest part of his Armie so far advanc'd into the Countrey as within three miles of Weymar but these bee his Horses which had layne vpon them ever since Whitsuntide Iune the 15th 112. Cornets of Horse passe the River Vnstrut his Foote at the same time being about Sacbsenburgh and Heildreygen and himselfe then lodged at a Cloister by Oldsleben within 4 leagues of Ertford From hence goes he with part of his Armie to Mulhausen a Citie vpon the River Vnstrut in the Countie of Duringen and neerer to the Land of Hessen whereabouts for a while he stayes Now hath he two designes in hand 1 one for the taking of the great Citie Ertfurt in Duringen for which he had these three reasons 1. besides the wealth of the Towne it would bring about all the Gentrie of the Country 2. If once conquered by the sword then were it the Emperors for ever so that Saxonie must loose his Title of Protector of it and that would breed a quarrell with him which they desired 3. That would breake Saxonies and Hessens levies and saue their spoyling of the Spiritualtie in those parts and in Franconia Round about this Citie therefore hee still lies sometimes at Mulhausen and sometimes at Oldsleben till towards the end of the moneth His second designe was vpon Hessen to
THE SWEDISH INTELLIGENCER The first part WHEREIN OVT OF THE TRVEST And choysest Informations are the famous Actions of that warlike Prince Historically led along from his Majesties first entring into the EMPIRE vntill his great Victory over the Generall TILLY at the Battell of Leipsich The times and places of every Action being so sufficiently observed and described that the Reader may finde both Truth and Reason in it LONDON Printed for Nath Butter and Nicolas Bourne 1632. ¶ The Contents and Methode of the whole I. A Discourse vpon the Dyet of Ratisbone which Dyet bred the Discontents of the Protestants and enforced them to the Conclusions of Leipsich II. The Dyet of the Protestant Princes of Leipsich and their Resolutions and Actions vpon it Historically led along vnto the day of their joyning with the King of Sweden III. A briefe Chronicle of the King of Swedens Actions from his first landing in Germany vntill his great Victory over Tilly. IIII. The Proceedings of Monsieur Tilly Generall of the Catholike League by himselfe from his first comming against the King vntill his great defeate before Leipsich ¶ THE PREFACE TO THE READER IVdicious and favourable Reader Out of our high respect vnto that Caesar and Alexander of our times that admirably victorious King of Sweden wee haue here and for thy pleasure too adventured vpon an Essay of his Story which if liked may encourage vs to continue it Not out of any confidence that ours is a Chronicle worthy enough for such heroick performances a Polibius or a Tacitus were little enough for that but our intention chiefly is to provoke some abler Pen some better instructed Intelligencer to doe it and if such a one controll or mend vs wee will not be angry If you here demaund out of what Instructions wee haue furnisht our Intelligencer be pleased to know that nothing is willingly feigned or wilfully falsified The errors that be in it are errors of ignorance all Some part of it was received from the papers of an honourable personage a Commaunder of prime credit and activitie with that victorious King Wee haue beene made to vnderstand much of these Actions by discourse with another gallant Gentleman and he also a great Commaunder in the Army Some printed High Dutch bookes wee haue had For some things we haue had private writing and from good hands too In other things we haue made vse of Gallobelgicus especially where he deales vpon publick Record and where we thought the poore man durst speake freely Some times sure he writes but by Commission and is every where sparing in reporting the Emperours losses And yet in this to take away all exception we haue followed him too notwithstanding wee by others found greater numbers and defeates specified Very good vse haue wee made of the Weekely Currantoes too which if a man of judgement reades he shall for the most part finde especially of latter times very true and very punctuall Whosoever will be cunning in the Topography of Germany and would vnderstand these warres let him not despise Currantoes All this lastly hath passed the allowance of a Gentleman of the best judgement and intelligence for these matters in the Kingdome Wee haue every where dealt candidely not magnifying the King nor derogating from his enemies not left out or put in for favour or advantage Our methode is this to handle every Story by it selfe and then to bring all together at the day of Battell Carefull haue we beene yea no small paines haue we taken to note the times and to describe the places of the most famous actions We haue examined the dates with diligeÌ„ce and still had fiue Maps before vs of the same place The Imperiall Dyet of Ratisbone which was well hoped would haue mended all leaving things farre more desperate on the Protestants partie necessitated a Resolution in the Princes of that Confession rather to dye free then to liue slaues Hence their Dyet of Leipsich And because these Leaguers were at first of an Vnion by themselues we haue briefly therefore and vpon the Bye first handled their warlike preparations vntill the day of their joyning with the King The same haue we done with the Kings Story gone along with it from his Majesties first landing The Kings having of many Armies in the field at once troubled vs not a little at the first to finde with which of all these Armyes the King in person should be but wee after a while perceived that this most industrious Chieftaine was able to serve more Cures at once then one and that he was so vigilant vpon every occasion that there were few great Actions which himselfe was not at one end of Many a brave Generall he hath The Lord Oxensterne a Sweden borne and Lord Chancellor of that Kingdome Generall all this while of a particular Army in Prussia to waite vpon the Poâ—e and his motions The Lord Falkenburg a Germane borne and Lord Chamberlayn of his Majesties houshold vnfortunately slaine in Magdenburg The Lord Gustavus Horne a Finlander and still Generall of a particular Army by himselfe with whom the Lord Marquesse Hamilton is associated The Lord Otho Todt for brevities sake call'd Otty-todt or Todt a Swede Generall of his Majesties Horse Sir Iohn Bannier a Germane and a braue Souldier Generall of the Foote or Infantery all these you finde frequent and honorable mention of and yet hath the King himselfe beene at the most of the businesse All particular actions it had beene impossible for vs to haue toucht vpon therefore haue we endevored to relate the famousest whether Sieges Battels Marches Encampings or Removings orderly leading all along vnto the great day of battell It would haue perplexed our methode to haue mentioned every particular supply that the King hath had those therefore wee desire the Readers to imagine For example he landed but 11. Regiments or thousands of Foote at first yet within a moneth was his Army full 20000. strong which daily increased also His numbers indeede were never great he had but 5000. men for the most part and never aboue 7000. in all his late warres of Prussia against the Pole and yet with them hath he fought severall Battels beaten out or wearied out two Imperiall Armies taken in the great and strong Citie of Elbing with others and obtained his purpose finally vpon his enemy who was able at once to haue come downe with such a power of Horse vpon him as had beene sufficient to haue carryed away himselfe and fiue such Armies That which hath made his Majestie so victorious next to the assistance of Almightie God is his most exact observing of military Discipline wherein with an admirable temper he is both strict and sweete the Majestie of a King in him commanding more willing obedience from his Army then the awfull directions of a bare Generall alone possibly could Adde to his strict Discipline his many poynts of new invented Discipline peculiar vnto himselfe too long here to describe His
and Peace of the Empire Thirdly How to maintaine correspōdency with the Catholike Princes And fourthly What to answer for themselues both in generall and particular as well concerning the maintenance of the reformed Religion as to the Emperours Edict concerning the Church-Lands when they should come to meete at the Dyet of Franckford The Princes thus invited and the time now come vpon the fourth of February 1631. the Elector of Saxony enters Lypsich in great state and the Elector of Brandenburg a little after him The Protestant partie in the Empire Thither in person came these Protestant Princes also Christianus another Marquesse of Brandenburg Iohn William and Bernard Dukes of Saxon Weymar William Landtgrave of Hessen Frederick Marquesse of Baden Augustus Prince of Anhalt Frederick Count of Solmes Iohn George and Ernest Lodowike Counts of Mansfeilt and the deposed Dukes of Mecklenburg These Princes sent their Ambassadors The Duke of Deuxponts Iohn Ernestus another Duke of Saxony Frederick Vlrick Duke of Brunswicke The Duke of Lunenburg The severall Princes of the Circles of Schwaben and Franckenlandt The Lady of the Abbey of Quedlinburg The Bishops Administrators of Mecklenburg and of Bremen The Counts of Stolberg The Barons of Reussen and Schonberg These Townes and States send their Agents also Norimberg Strasburg Franckford Lubeck Bremen Brunswick Hildesheim Mullhuisen and Northhuisen Duke Lodowick Frederick Administrator of the Dukedome of Wirtenberg was newly dead and Duke Iulius not yet setled and therefore being not able to come himselfe he sent the Vice-Chancelor of the Dukedome called Doctor Loester and some other Counsellors as Deputies for that Dutchie And these be the Protestant party in the Empire some whereof being Lutherans and some Calvinists they first of all agree to haue that distinction of names which had caused so much schisme and hatred heretofore to be vtterly taken away making a generall Decree that both Professions should from thence forth be called by one name of Evangeliacalls That is Professors of the Gospell No man was suffered to stay within the Towne whose businesse was not knowne the streets ends were chained vp and barricadoed guards set at the severall ports and the keyes of the gates every night brought into the Dukes chamber And all this was to prevent Spyes and surprisalls The Duke Elector of Saxony on whose greatnesse and countenance the Partie and Action very much depended makes a speech first of all Saxonyes Oration which had reference vnto his former Letters of Invitation vnto them protesting withall his owne firmenesse and forwardnesse for the peace of the Empire and the maintenance of the Religion and that he would be ready to adventure both life and goods in the Cause so desiring every man freely to giue his Counsell in such manner as they might be able to render a fayre accompt of it vnto the Emperour Vnto this meeting the King of Sweden also sends his Ambassador Doctor Chemnitius who in his Maisters name delivers them this assurance That his Majesties intentions were no other then to restore the Empire to her ancient peace the Princes to their liberties and to defend the Church in her Religion telling them moreover how that the French King was newly entred into a League with him for fiue yeares to come The Ambassador had both speedie Audience and honorable entertainement The Dyet to be briefe brake vp vpon Palme-Sunday the third of Aprill following The Conclusions agreed vpon themselues expresse in their Letters in humble and complaining manner enlarged in many sheetes of Paper sent by an expresse Curryer vnto the Emperour in which their joynt desires were thus signified Their humble Remonstrance vnto the Emperor Their Complaint and Remonstrance I reduce into these Propositions That the Golden Bull and Constitutions of the Empire had of late beene all abused That the Emperours late Edict for restitution of the Church Lands and his endevours to roote out the Protestant Religion were the maine Causes of these late troubles The first of these breeding jealousies and discontents betwixt the Protestants and the Papists and the second tending to the vtter ruine of the two Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg Then they complaine of injustice done vnto particular Princes and Cities some of which were injuried by the violent taking away of their Church Lands as the Dukes of Wirtenberg and Brunswick the Prince of Anhalt the Counts Hohenloe Stolberg Lippe Valdecht Verthimb Erpach c. the Towne of Ausburg and others Some hindered in the exercise of their Religion as Augustus and Frederike Princes Palatines and yonger brethren vnto Wolfgang William Palatine of Newburg now turnd Papist Others had their Estates confiscated as the Lady * The mother and brother of the King of Bohemia Lewis being Duke of Simmern Electresse Palatine and her Sonne Lewis Prince Palatine the Dukes of Mecklenburg c. for whom the whole Colledge of Electors had interceded in the late Dyet but not prevayled Others complaine of the violent altering of their Feods and Tenures of their Lands and Lordships as the last before named Princes and Iohn Casimire Elector of Saxony into whose Lands the Imperiall Commissaries haue with force and Armes intruded changing the tenures of the tenants and altering the Religion Ernestus Marquesse and Elector of Brandenburg complaines of the same wrongs offered vnto his Pupils the yong Marquesses * Which are of the house of Brandenburg their Lands lying by Nurenberg of Onspach Vlme Duke of Brunswick complaines first of the ravages of his Lands done by Tilly vpon pretence of moneyes owing to the King of Denmarke and made over by the said King vnto the Emperour who imployed Tilly thus to streyne for them Secondly of the seisure of his Bishopricke of Hildesheim and thirdly that the chiefe Towne of his owne residence Wolffenbuttle had beene forced to take an Imperiall Garrison Others complaine how they might not haue the benefit of the Law but were driven away by threatnings and discourtesies The Electors and Princes complaine of contempts and indignities offered vnto their persons some of them having beene threatned the Bastonado by some of the Emperors Souldiers The Cities and Circles of the Empire complaine that vndue and excessiue Impositions and Taxes haue beene layd vpon them not by the consent of themselues as the Imperiall Lawes command but at the pleasure of any of the Emperours Commissaries That vnder colour of protecting them they haue beene forced to afford Quarter and maintenance vnto the Imperiall Armies who when they should indeede haue defended them most cowardly ran away That when they would not endure the Souldiers insolencies they haue beene declared enemies of the Empire and forbidden to defend themselues That their Lands haue beene given to Souldiers as if they had beene Conquered That they haue beene forced to contribute to imaginary companies of Souldiers perchance to foure or fiue as if they had beene a compleat band That the Commissaries haue assigned Quarters and passages vnto the Souldiers
newes he having that winter time gathered some small company together exciteth the Swedes to vindicate their Countryes libertie In the valourous successe whereof himselfe having beene a chiefe Author is in the yeare 1523. by consent of all the States of the Country chosen King He thus elected refuseth to be Crowned contenting himselfe onely with the title of Governour By authoritie of which dignitie Anno 1527. he summons a Parliament where he propounds the Reformation of Religion in which finding much opposition and little hope he surrenders the Kingdome vnto the States againe The Land thus brought into a streight humbly beseech Gustavus once againe to accept of the Kingdome Thus was he Crowned Anno 1527. becomming the first Protestant King that ever was in the world This same yeare was Rome taken by Charles Duke of Burbon This Gustavus from the time of his Coronation reigned 33. yeares Ericus the eldest sonne of Gustavus succeeded his Father Anno 1560. who reigning eight yeares dyes without Issue Iohn the second sonne of Gustavus succeeded his Brother Anno 1568. Reigned 24. yeares His onely Issue was Sigismund chosen in his Fathers life time viz. 1587. King of Poland and is yet living Sigismund King of Poland succeeded his Father Iohn in the Kingdome of Sweden Anno 1594. He tooke an Oath to maintaine the priviledges of the Kingdome to admit no other Religion then that of the Augustane Confession and to bring in no Strangers Which Oath he palpably now violating first by going about to alter the Religion then by endevouring to enslaue Sweden by making it to be a Province of the Kingdome of Poland Anno 1599. he was in a full assembly of the States of Sweden rejected and deposed and his Sonne Ladislaus then an Infant chosen in his place But with this Condition If within six moneths he were sent into Sweden there to be brought vp in the Protestant Religion Ladislaus Sonne of Sigismund not being sent into Sweden according to the Condition of his Election lost his title vnto the Kingdome And Charles Duke of Suderman the third and youngest Sonne of Gustavus the deliverer of his Country from the oppression of the Polacks was chosen King in the yeare 1601. Gustavus Adolphus the Sonne of Charles succeeded his Father Anno 1612. being the present and hitherto the successe-full Assertor of the Germane libertie Here may it fayrely be observed 1. That all the posteritie of Gustavus which with himselfe are seaven in number were eyther Kings or elected to a Kingdome vnto the third and fourth generation The last whereof and the seaventh in order is the present Gustavus 2. Obserue That Gustavus Ericus the Grandfather of this Gustavus Adolphus obtained a Kingdome by delivering his Country from the Tyranny of the Danes Charles his Father for delivering it from the Pole In which heroicall disposition of his Ancestors Gustavus Adolphus now succeeds his Father and Grandfather in vndertaking this present warre for the asserting of Germany from the pressures of the present Emperour 3. Besides that this Prince is descended of a Family of Deliverers there seemes to be another Omen in his Stile as well as in his Pedigree he writes himselfe King of the Goths and Vandals which Nations haue once heretofore beene fatall vnto the Empire This braue Prince having in the yeare 16â—9 had first a warre with the Pole and then a Peace was by the complaints invitations of the Germane Princes the next yeare brought over into the Empire You haue before heard of the miseries of Germany and yet had the Protestant Princes in their Dyet of Leipsich beene modest in their Remonstrance they had not told you all Stralesundt and Stetin Mecklenburg and Pomerland were so heavily oppressed so sorely over-layd that they had not breath enough left to be heard sigh so farre as the Emperours Court A sound we know is vsually conveighed further along the water then over-land which may perchance be one of the reasons why their complaints are sooner listned vnto in Sweden then at Vienna These Maritime people therefore finding no reliefe ashoare are forced to fetch their succours whence they vsually did their Merchandize out of the Baltick Sea The King of Sweden is allyed with Bogislaus Duke of Stetin and with Iohn Albert and his brother Dukes of Mecklenburg is confederate with Stralesundt and Pomerland and therefore likeliest to be their Friend His safetie much depended vpon theirs had the Emperour beene Maister of those Ports and Sea-coasts he would neither haue beene so fayre a Merchant to him and might withall haue proved a more dangerous and over-maisterly a neighbour Againe this King now having a good Peace had therfore the better leisure His Army being not yet cashier'd the reliefe would not altogether be so chargeable His experience in the warres being great his fame now after the beating of the Pole and two Imperiall Armies in Prussia more he was also thought to be the ablest to deliver them His Majestie therefore being by the pittifull and redoubled complaints of his Allyes his Confederates his Neighbours sollicited over and over againe to come in vnto their rescue that this bare invitation of his Friends might not be censured for a plot betwixt them or not to be cause enough for his comming loe he is even puld over by his enemies provocations But for the greater Authoritie with the Reader we will giue you the just Apologie of that Prince the pressing reasons for his moving with an Army into Germany himselfe having caused to be Printed the Arguments whereof we here abbreviate into Propositions His Majestie first protests That he had not stirr'd at all The King of Swedens Apology complaints no not though he had often beene warned to looke vnto himselfe nor would he take any notice of it vntill some affront or maine occasion of quarrell had beene actually offered by the Emperour That having beene by his oppressed neighbours and Confederates invited vnto their reliefe he for a long time rather expected the Emperours goodnesse towards the Subjects of Germany then desired to interesse himselfe against him with whom he so much desired the continuation of Amitie That the quarrell was first begunne by the Emperour who in the late warres of Prussia betwixt Sweden and Poland had prohibited the King of Sweden to make any Levies of men or provision of victualls or Ammunition in Germany apparently granting the same libertie vnto his enemy the King of Poland That the Emperour himselfe had heretofore sent two severall Armies vnder his own Ensignes into Prussia in ayde of the Pole his enemy the first in the yeare 1627. vnder the Command of the Duke of Holsteyn Walstein was sayd to haue given Arnheim his Commission in these vvords Arnheim goe take 10000 men you must beat the King of Sweden out of Prussia and if you cannot doe it tell him that Walstein vvill come and the second sent 1630. was conducted by Arnheim Marshall of the Feild vnto Walstein That his
Countrey as right against Gartz and Grippenhagen is desired by these of Stetin to besiege these two Townes because the Garrisons that lay in them vsed to ramble over all the Countrey to spoyle and plunder and fetch in Contribution But the King perceiving those strong places would take vp too much time and he having a designe to cleare the Dutchy of Mecklenburg as well as Pomeren turnes his Army backe againe to these quarters with a purpose in time to take the chiefe passages thither before the enemy should prevent him and put him thereby to more trouble Passing therefore beyond Stetin and towards Stralesundt againe he sets him downe before Wolgast whose Port as you heard he had before taken Wolgast besieged This is the chiefe Citie of the little Dutchy of Wolgast in Pomeren The Towne he by fine force tooke in wherein he found good store of provision both of Corne and Ammunition In the heate of the assault the Garrison and chiefe Citizens retyre themselues into the Cittadel or Castle This now the King asseiges Torquati Conti the Emperours Generall in those parts lay with his Army at that time at Ancklam a Towne hard by Wolgast he hoping to rescue the peice comes with three Regiments towards the reliefe of it but is well beaten for his labour said to loose 12. Ensignes and 3. Cornets in the Skirmish The Castle thus defeated of her succours parlies the conditions desired by the Garrison were To march out like Souldiers with full Armes Colours flying matches lighted and their swords by their sides The King will let them goe out with no more then white staues in their hands Those termes refused the King falls to mining and with two boats well mann'd and furnisht with Ordnance he comes to the Oder-bridge there landing and enquartering his men Sends for the Duke of Stetin he come they make their approaches towards the walls which he round besets from the Oder-bridge vnto the mill-gate raysing Sconces and Batteries every where where the ground was highest Eight thousand Canon-shot are bestowed vpon the walles They parlie againe and the King condescends six hundred Souldiers thereupon in fiue Companies all vnder the command of Colonel Sclecter come forth The Castle taken Three Companies of these fiue presently take Oath and pay for the Kings service the rest march away This was done in the end of August about which time the Queene of Sweden being newly come over the Castle is repayred and furnished for her Majesties residence In this Siege the King lost an hundred and twentie men Whilest the King besieges this Castle Aucklam taken Torquati perceiving no good to be done vpon him and that the Queene of Sweden had newly brought over 8000. fresh men as it was reported with her which might make the place too hot for him rises with his Army from his Quarter at Ancklam marching directly towards Gartz about which the Imperialists by the King turnd out of other places and others newly sent into Pomerland began now to assemble There he formes a Camp which continued till the Towne was taken He thus departing from Ancklam leaues Eystat Governour in it before which so soone as the King presented his forces the Citizens rise vp for the King against the Garrison and let the Swedens into the Towne This was done while the King was yet at the siege of Wolgast Ancklam thus obtained the King purposing a designe for a voyage into Mecklenburg Stolp taken first causes the passage of Stolp to be taken This Towne is neere vnto Ancklam some fiue Leagues to the West of Stetin and towards the Sea by which he had a full passage into Mecklenburg After which he at severall times also takes Trebbeses Gripnitz and Treptow three other chiefe passages as we shall tell when we speake of the Kings expedition into Mecklenburg A Fast We are now come to September vpon the first Friday whereof the King commaunds a solemne Fast to be kept throughout his Army and Leaguer at Stetin Vpon that day the Imperialists being led by one * This Quint was set on to haue killd the King Quint who had before run away from the King fall vpon the outter Guards of the Kings Camp and cuts them off putting the whole Army into danger But they taking the Alarme fall out vpon Quint and beate him off with losse and shame enough The next day also making a bravadoe againe some thirty more of them are taken prisoners by the Swedens The King a little after this Musters and payes his Forces newly arrived to him out of Prussia for which he a while stayed without doing much and now abroad are they againe going his Army being very much encreased by these and thirtie-six troopes of horse newly entertained Towards the middle of this September he sends abroad 3000. horse and 12000. foote to be doing and to take in passages sends also to view the strong places of Gartz and Grippenhagen of which more when we come to those Seiges But here let me insert an vnheard-of Crueltie of the Imperialists vpon the Townes of Pasewalk and Vckermund some few leagues West of Stetin about mid September old stile the Imperiall Garrison vnder the Commaund of the cruell Colonell Gâ—â—ze having plundred and forsaken the Towne and carried the chiefe men away on the 4 th of September 2. troupes of Swedish horse being 140. strong enter the forsaken Towne fall with the Citizens to repayre and fortifie 3000. Imperialists of the Army by Gartz hearing of this The crueltie of the Imperialists at Pasewalk take it againe from them Sept. 7th and after most valiant resistance beate kill and driue out the Swedish fall to torturing of the Townesmen for their money crying giue vs money or bloud ravish women and girles even in the open streets and Church-yards yea women in Child-bed kill and abuse the men fire the houses and the people in them thrust strawe into Cellars where Children are hidden and then set fire to it burne the Churches massacre the Ministers and then maske vp and downe the streets in their Coapes Surplisses and at length burne downe the whole Towne laughing at it how finely doth Pasewalk burne Thus their rapes and ravages continue till the 11 th or 12 th of September and at Vekermundt After which they goe to Vckermundt a Towne hard by from whence these 140. Swedish were thought to haue come this they fall vpon and take vse as before keepe the gates shut and so burne the people in the Towne To returne to the King About this time it seemes had his Majestie taken the oppressions and complaints of the people of Magdenburg into his royall consideration and therefore sends some forces by Sea thither to joyne with the Duke of Saxon Lawenburg which Swedish aydes Sept. 25. land at Dossou three leagues from Lubeck of which more when we handle the whole Story of Magdenburg * Namely where wee speake of Tilly. together
side standing there vpon their owne defence with matches Cockt and Muskets vpon their Rests The Swedish comming vp to them they demaund Quarter proffering to serue the King of Sweden vpon condition every Officer to be vnder the King the same they were vnder the Emperour otherwise they would dye like braue men and sell their liues as deare as they could Quarter and Conditions are both granted them so that there still a while they stood But to see the lucke of it just in the meane time returnes Bauditzen who having beene pursuing the enemies horse that fled and now so vtterly rowted them that scarce ten of them remained in a Company and lost them in the mist withall he seeing the enemy stand whole in a body together and not knowing of the agreement falls to charge them with his horse They perceiving this began to suspect trechery in it that the Swedish horse should fall vpon their Reere and the Foot vpon their Van so they should perish betwixt both To prevent which they putting themselues into two divisions turne backe to backe those next to Bauditzen all at once giving fayre fire vpon him That volley made a Fell of many a braue man Bauditzen charges againe charges home and thorough them vtterly breakes and defeats them The other Swedish body of horse hearing the fight and the mist not suffering them to discerne the matter imagined verily that the enemy had beene come backe againe yea messenger comes vpon messenger with the newes A strange cofusion mistake among the Swedish Our men are vtterly defeated And when as some of the horse that had the Van of the Swedens Foote came towards them they certainly beleeved them to be enemies and their owne men to be defeated and thereupon giue fire vpon them The other thinke the Devill to be in it and that their Foote had beene defeated and these to be enemies and therefore fly backe againe to their fellowes Others also comming vpon our Van they fall to charge them the other as fast letting fly at them againe Thus having no Colours with vs wee knew not friends from foes our enemies from our fellowes In this miserable error and mysticall meddly wee continue vntill 4. a clocke at night when by finding some of our owne to be slaine whom we well knew we began to find our mistake The Emperours whole forces both foote and horse were defeated their Canon all their baggage and foure Cornets taken from them All our owne horse except Bauditzens owne Regiment ran away as also the body of our Foote did which were led by the yong Grave of Thurne and Colonell Wallenstein onely the Van of the Swedish Foote stood firme Commanded by Baron Teuffell the Lord Reay and Sir Iohn Haibron So that both the Armies had run away in the mist except Bauditzen and his Regiment of horse and the Van of Foote aforesaid These stayed after the fight to bury their slaine fellowes This prettie kinde of battell hapned vpon the 11 th of November 1630. In which what with those that were slaine by the enemy and what they had killed themselues were 500. men lost The rest partly laughing at their owne mistake partly sorry for their fellowes and Comrades and partly glad to haue defeated the enemy they returne homewards againe Bauditzen and Kniphowsen vnto their siege and the other vnto their Leaguer Presently after this in the middle of the same November were there 182. houses burnt within the Citie the fault was layd vpon the negligence of a servant though others suspected it to be a villany of the besieged Sure it is that there were Letters intercepted by the Swedish which should haue perswaded the Garrison that seeing they could not be relieved the best way were to fire the Towne and by a resolute sally to breake through the enemy This is like vnto the Imperialists practises in other places who at Gartz and Grippenhagen about the same time made stay of all the Boats that came vp the Oder having a designe to fire Stargard with them by that meanes to haue delivered Colbergen The same they threatned vnto Stetin also which made those Townes stand vpon their guard the surer Towards the end of November the Swedes cut off the fresh water that serv'd the Citie In the beginning of December the besieged vpon an advantage sallying out surprize a Lieutenant with some thirtie of their enemies and the Swedish within a while after cut off a Convoy of 180 Wagons laden with Corne and other provisions which was going into the Citie an hundred of which they bring away the rest which they had not time nor meanes to doe they set fire on In February when the King was gone towards Mecklenburg the Garrison making abroad fetch in 500. head of Cattell one with another Thus past there encounters too and againe betwixt them till the end of February the 26. whereof they now finding their provisions to fayle within their hopes without send to parlie with the Swedish Generall who acquaints the King with it His Majestie condescends Colbergen yeelded vp to let them come out with Colours flying matches light full Armes bag and baggage and two peices of Ordnance They were in all 1500. men whereof 9. Companies of foote and two of horse all which were by the Swedish conueyed to Schiffelben whence they were to march vnto Landtsbergen Thus that strong Towne which had been three yeares in fortifying the Country-people for ten or twelue miles compasse having beene enforced to labour at it is now after fiue moneths siege vpon the second of March old stile taken in by the King who found in it 51. peices of Ordnance of a greater bore and 19. smaller Feild-peices 224. barrells of powder with proportionable Ammunition The day after the yeelding a shippe comming with men and victualls for their reliefe not knowing of it falls into the hands of the Swedens A report was also spread abroad in the Country that before their giving vp of the Towne they had digd mines and layd gun-powder and burning matches by it which after two or three dayes should take fire and blow vp the Towne which the Swedes in good time discovering sent after them in all hast to call them backe to an account for their base trechery But this we cannot affirme True it is that they were sent for backe and stayd at Friberg in the New-Marke but this was by reason of Tillyes crueltie at his taking of New Brandenburg at this very time where he put all to the sword The day before Colberg was taken A new league betwixt the Kings of France and Sweden was there a League concluded betwixt the Kings of France and Sweden in these termes 1. That it be for the defence of either of their Friends respectiuely for the securing of the Ocean and Baltick Seas and the freedome of Commerce in them as also for the restoring of the oppressed States and Princes of the Romane Empire and that
returne he lights vpon Walensteyns Sonne the Emperours great Generall drawne in a Coach and six horses guarded with an indifferent Convoy Whom the Kings horse forthwith charging take 120. prisoners and some 35. horses The yong Gentleman quitting his Coach escapes away on horsebacke The plague much raging in SuÌ„mer time about the Army at Gartz Torquats sends the diseased into other Quarters enterteyning 2000. Crabats in their places About mid September there fell out a most bloudy fight The Imperialists beaten wherein those of Gartz were sayd to loose more then 1000. men and yet I report but the third part They about the same time The Sweden beaten beate a Convoy of the Swedes also and bring away 100. horses into their Campe. In the beginning of December some are sent thence into Mecklenburg at other times some others are sent to lye in Garrison in the Townes of the Land of Marck beyond Grippenhagen Others had beene sent to the reliefe of Colbergen some slaine and very many dyed of the plague And thus had this Army beene impayred Grippenhagen therefore being now taken and setled within a day or two after Christmas day the King sends his whole Army to the strong Sconce of Morewitz which served for the guard of the bridge fully beleeving that rather then the Imperialists would loose so important a peice they would bid him battell But the Count of Schamberg who now commanded the Army in stead of Torquato that had lately given vp his Charge notwithstanding he were some 15000. strong perceiving his Army to be ill discipâ—in'd vsed rather to plunder then fight durst not hazard the encounter but calling the Garrison out of the Towne he sets fire to the Ammunition drownes such powder and Ordnance as he could not draw away Gartz forsaâ—â—â—◠〈◊〉 the Imperialists and so without one shot making very confusedly marches â—ff leaving the emptie Towne vnto the King himselfe with all speede hasting to get through Custrine into Landtsbergen a very strong place in the way towards Silesia The King followes him with as much speed as the other fled still beating vpon his Reere The Saxonish Gotish and Swertzenhallish Regiments he so vtterly dispersed that they were fayne to leaue their baggage behinde them They that name least tell vs of 300. Wagons with their burdens besides 14. Ensignes Colonell Sparre with some few Wagons of his owne baggage saved himselfe in Custrine Some others gat through into Landtsberg and others recovered Franckford vpon Oder about which last place they after rallied their forces together againe This was certainly a notable defeate yea so notable that had the King then had Custrine in his hands which he had before desired of the Elector of Brandenburg the enemy had gotten no passage over the Oder at all eyther into Franckford or Landtsbergen yea he had gotten them in fayre Campagnia among his owne garrisons had still followed beating vpon their Reere yea being once in rowt eyther they could never haue made head againe or if they had he had instantly beene vpon the powles of them and so haue vtterly defeated the Imperiall Army Then had Pomeren been quite cleered Franckford Landtsbergen taken at one blow Silesia also had beene left naked yea and Tilly being not yet come vp Magdenburg had beene saved and all Mecklenburg besieged by the Kings Armies But all this fayled for want of Custrine The King returning from the Chase even while the feare and dread of his Armes and the loue of his justice were vpon all the Countrey Coninxberg taken goes in person towards Coninxberg a Towne on the East-side of the Oder not farre from Custrine Here had he not much to doe for that the Townesmen voluntarily brought their keyes and layd them downe at his Majesties feete Thence in person goes he towards Lubus a Fort within a Dutch mile of Franckford almost betwixt it and Custrine and there he pitches his Campe about the 8 th of Ianuary Lockonitz taken old stile About the same time goes Colonell Leslye towards Lockonitz a Castle in the very Frontiers of Pomeren belonging vnto Schulenburg and kept by an hundred Imperialists vpon which place Sir Arthur Leslye comming by night so thunders with his Ordnance vpon them that having beaten downe the gates he falls to enter killing some twentie of those that made resistance and taking some 80. prisoners The Castle was by the King freely given vnto the Colonell that thus tooke it in At the selfe same time falls Bauditzen vpon the Garrison of Piritz Piritz taken a Towne betwixt Grippenhagen Coninxberg in which were some 1400. men these he defeates and so is that Towne taken But the chiefe designe was at the strongest place A designe vpon Landtsberg defeated Landtsberg by name whither Gustavus Horne was sent the King hoping at this same one voyage to haue taken in that also But this designe was for that time put by as we shall hereafter shew when we come to speake of that siege Yet doth not Gustavus Horne loose all his labour for hearing in his returne of fiue troopes of Crabats which vsed with strong parties to make sallies and cavalcadoes and plundering voyages out vpon the Country from out of Himmelstadt a towne some League or two to the Northward some of these he cuts short and others of their Nation in other places about this Landtsberg Thus having in eight dayes space which is admirable taken in so many Cities defeated so many enemies gotten many a great prisoner and now cleered Pomeren and Marckland even from Prussia side all betweene the Rivers of Warta and Oder except Landtsberg he calls his Army together againe sitting downe with it at Coninxberg aforesaid whither he brought 70. peices of Ordnance where he stayed vntill he had increased it with some new levies made for him in the New Marck and had begunne to rayse some Sconces for the securing of the Country Of these Sconces one was hard by Custrine and another neerer vnto Silesia for the guarding of which workes and the blocking vp of Himmelstadt and Landtsberg withall he at his going away leaues 9000. men in Brandenburg-land Whilest this is a doing the King in person goes towards Custrine the chiefe Towne and the strongest of all Brandenburg demaunding to haue that Towne consign'd over into his protection that he might put a Garrison into it and so keepe the enemy from returning over the Oder This request notwithstanding it were by the Elector denyed not daring to doe it as yet the Imperialists being not onely in that Towne but in his whole Country beside and the Governour Krachten disswading it mainly yet thus much courage the Elector after that tooke vnto himselfe that he presently set out a Proclamation against the sharking and stroy-good Imperialists commaunding his Subjects by strong hand to restraine their insolencies and to let none ramble vp and downe the Country but such as had lawfull Passes Now had the King an Army of
Lubeck A Sea-fight in which the sayd Imperiall Admirall shippe was foure times shot through forced to saue himselfe in Wismar and to leaue three of his Ships vnto the Swedish Turne we now vnto Rostock This Hanse Towne The siege of Rostock scituate in Mecklenburg vgon the River Warnow West of Rubenitz and some few miles from the Sea had till now beene freed from Imperiall Garrisons but vpon the Kings comming to Bart was surprised by this devise following 1000 Imperiall horse get into it A thousand Imperiall Horse send some before them to demaund passage through the Towne pretending to goe against the King of Sweden being beleeved and admitted they keepe possession of the gates let in their followes breake the lockes off the posts which fastned the chaines drawne crosse the streets and so finally possesse themselues of the Market place This done they compell the Citizens to bring all their Armes into the Statehouse making them sweare they had no more then they billet themselues vpon the Citizens and keepe such a racket that the Townesmen dare hardly open their dores for feare of being pillaged The King at his comming to Rubenitz hearing of this Garrison The Kings Letters to those of Rostock writes thus vnto the Townesmen That seeing by his comming into the Country there had beene a doore opened for their freedome they should now remember the Oath sometimes taken to their Duke cast out the Garrison and restore their Citie to her ancient freedome Which if they did he would take it for an argument of their innocency become their friend and inlarge their Cities priviledges If they neglected it he must like enemies pursue them both by Sea and Land The Towne eyther not willing or perchance not able to doe this the King beginnes to make some approaches vnto it He blocks vp the Towne to blocke vp the passages to build Sconces and Redoubts yea and causes his Fleet to hover vp and downe their coasts This was in the beginning of October These proceedings the Walsteyners in other Garrisons hearing of send out a strong Convoy of 4000. men to open the passages againe and to thrust some men and victuals into the Citie â—000 Imperialists defeaâ—ed These the Swedish grapling withall shrewdly defeated and kill the most of them vtterly frustrating their designe In the beginning of November he approaches within two English miles or lesse of the very Citie still raysing Sconces and Retrenchments against them About the beginning of December some seven Cornets of Imperiall horse issue out of the Towne on the cleerer side to goe a boote-haling these the Swedish having by their espyalls notice of 7. Cornets of horse pursue In the Skirmish are 200. Imperialists slaine vpon the place 280. taken prisoners and some 400. horse brought away scarcely 20. soundmen recovering into the Towne againe a pitifull boothaling for them In this fight a certaine Swedish Colonell of Finland for tryall of his valour did twice charge quite through the Imperiall troupes in his returne the second time by maine strength taking a Captaine out of his saddle and bringing him away vnder his arme About the middle of Ianuary is Hatzfeldt Governour of the Towne in his owne lodging murthered by one Warmier a Lawyer And in this state wee leaue the Citie still besieged by the King though not with a great yet with a well ordered Army himselfe being as we before told you in person long before gone backe to see to other things in Pomeren Thus continues Rostock blockt vp both by Sea and Land rather then besieged vntill after the Reinstallment of their Lords the Dukes of Mecklenburg againe and the taking of Gripswald in Pomeren in mid Iune following After which time the Swedish Generall Toodt being at good leisure is commaunded by the King to conjoyne 10000. foote horse of those forces which had taken Gripswald with 5000. of the two Dukes of Mecklenburg and more strongly to pursue the siege of Rostock and to beginne to blocke vp Wismar also Againe the Queene of Sweden a little after this arriving with 8000. new men at Wolgast 5000. more are sent into Mecklenburg as speedily as might be to rid out all the Imperialists The Imperiall Garrisons in Butzon and Gustrow hearing of the comming of these last 5000. conjoyne their faces in one body resolving to try their fortunes vpon them and to giue them their wellcome into the Countrey But Doodt and Mecklenburg provided better for them commaunding all the horse they could spare to convoy in their 5000. friends and then together to set vpon their enemies They did so surprised defeated and slew the most of them having the chase of them even vnto their owne Frontiers and had the Swedish had but 1000. Muskettiers more with them they had as 't is verily thought at the same instant taken Rostock also The Swedish Army being thus re-enforced and the enemies weakned they become bold to divide their Armyes vpon it Duke Iohn of Mecklenburg with 8000. men continuing the siege of Rostock and Doodt with Duke Adolph of Mecklenburg going to besiege Wismar with the rest of the Army which might be as many more And thus I finde them still both lying August 25. About the end of which moneth Duke Iohn so well plyed his busines that he tooke the strong Fort or Blockhouse of Warnemund so called of the River Warnow which is the Haven to the Towne of Rostock the Fort standing on the West side and neere vnto the necke of that River which next vnto the Sea is so narrow that this Fort hath the commaund of all the Ships that come into it This Fort taken the Garrison presently tooke pay vnder the Duke By mid September had the Duke made his approaches â—ermund causes all the mils to be burnt the Shallops to be sunke in the Warnow to keepe out the Swedish Ships makes his Crabats ride vp and downe the streets to prevent the pracâ—â—ses of the â—â—wnesmen even vnder the very walles and Canon of the Towne of Rostock Tilly in vaine attempting the reliefe of the Citie eyther with men or victualls Now was the Garrison in the Towne wasted away to 1500. men and the Citizens weary of a siege and fearing to loose all if the Towne should be taken by assault beginne not onely to wish well but to speake well in favour of the King and their Lord the Duke Thus much the new Governourm Fermund observing in them beginnes to take notice of their carriages and to put both the Duke and them out of all hope of fayre compounding vpon treatie or any yeelding he causes a fayre Streamer to be hang'd out vpon the turrets of the Towne to shew that he would hold out as long as he had any thing that was red in him Wismar besieged This Wismar is another of the Hanse Townes and in the same Dutchy of Mecklenburg also Distant some seaven or eight leagues to the West of Rostock
and almost so scituate but the haven much larger Here did Duke Adolph and the Generall Toodt entrench themselues by land the Swedish fleet waiting vpon it by Sea as it did vpon Rostock also Of this siege I can adde but this vnto the former Sea-fight That about the beginning of August the Swedish Shallops boldly going into the haven brought away the Admirall and another Ship brauely towing them both away with them The Kings â—econd expeâ—â—â—ion into Mecklenburg Tilly about the 24. of Ianuary being now advanced as neere the King as Franckford on the Oder his Majestie fearing if he marcht vp into Mecklenburg he might there make fowle worke leaues Gustavus Honne with the Army about Coninxberg and writes his Letters vnto those of the New Marcke on the East side of the Oder to this purpose That seeing he haddow cleered their whole Country from their oppressors the Imperialists every man should a Gods name returne to his owne house His Letters to 〈◊〉 of the â—â—w Marcke trade and husbandry he professing to be their friend and promising to be their protector That which he desired of them was such provisions for his Army left amongst them as they could well spare and the other wanted Those that did not he would take for his and their Countries enemies Vpon which gracious Monitory divers return'd againe without molestation falling vnto their businesse This done the King calls off the most of his Army from the siege of Landtsberg and his troupes from other places appoynting their Rendezvous to be at Dam the 28. of Ianuary Stilo novo and so Feb. 4. he againe passes Stetin towards Mecklenburg where with an Army of 16000. horse and foote he vnlookt for arrived There he first of all takes in New Brandenburg within 8. leagues of Stetin Takes New Brandenburg Cononel Marezan the Governour taking composition and marching with six Companies of foote and three of horse of Monte-Cuculi his Regiment and 120. of Colonell Putlars Regiment There did the King leaue Colonell Kniphowsen for his Governour To this Towne Feb. 6. he summons the people of the Country of Stargard with whom he treates concerning the maintayning of the forces left for their guard The newes of this being brought to those of Treptow Treptow the same day another good Towne and a passage thereby away run the Imperiall Garrison of which his Majestie having speedy notice he the same day sends some troupes thither and takes it Those of Dammin a very strong Towne fearing to be taken vnfurnished with all speede send to Gripswald nere Stralesundt for more Ordnance but neyther this nor their so strong fortifications will serue their turne For Feb. 14. The strong Towne of Dammin assaulted the King sets downe to the siege after a hideous battery is the Castle first of all taken by assault and the Garrison put to the sword of whom there were seaven Companies as 't is sayd besides 150. others that had newly joyned with them Finding the Citie too strong to take by assault the 15 th day he thunders vpon that againe beates downe the workes and makes so vast a breach in the very hard walles that the Governour the Duke de Savelli an Italian finding the place not to be tenable against such thunder and resolutions Taken parlyes and yeelds Vpon the surrender he receiues the King vnder the gate and the King carryes him backe towards the Market-place Here the King sitting armed vpon his horse makes a speech vnto the Townesmen assuring them of all favour and turning to the Duke wills him to depart the Towne to salute the Emperour from him and to tell him That he was no enemy vnto his person and that his endevour should onely be to restore the libertie of Religion and of the Princes Thus with six Ensignes flying bag and baggage and two peices of Ordnance the Duke marches out of the Towne leaving 36. peices of brasse Ordnance behinde him 60. barrells of powder with victualls and Ammunition proportionable The King lost about 200. men himselfe as some say receiving a light shot Letters were intercepted from the Generally Tilly desiring the Governour to hold out but foure dayes longer at which time he should vndoubtedly be relieved Some say that Savelli was afterwards questioned vpon his life for that being over-confident of his owne strength he had refused to take in some more forces that came to offer their service This Towne much stronger then Rostock is now by new fortifications doubly strengthened Whilest the King himselfe is here busied his Lieutenant Banier goes to Loczin hard by Dammin and takes in that And Malchin another good Towne is by a stratagem surprised also Freidlandt is likewise so served and all the other strong places vpon the Frontiers of Pomerland and so is Westrow by the Sea-side Yea all the strongest places to conclude in that Dutchy except the foure strong great Townes of Wismar Rostock Butrow and Dammitz which last is an exceeding strong Towne vpon the River Elve Thus betwixt Iuly the first and February the last that is in eight moneths space hath he which is scarce credible to report taken full 80. Cities Castles and Sconces in Pomerland and in Mecklenburg Tilly marches â—â—to Mecklenburg By the end of February hath Tilly heard of the Kings proceedings in Mecklenburg and from Franckford on the Oder beginnes to set forward into that Dutchy against him The King now after the taking of Dammin sets downe with his Army betwixt it and Treptow himselfe in person one of the last dayes of February going through Pomerland vnto Berwalt neere Coninxberg where the first of March he concludes the League with France as is aforesaid Within a day or two that is March the third was Colbergen taken as hath beene sayd The next day the King goes from Stetin towards New Angermund on the same side of the Oder with Mecklenburg By this time are some forces come to him out of Scotland and there being no more neede of any Garrisons in the I le of Rugen those he calls out Thus drawes he all that might well be spared out of all his other Garrisons of Pomerland taking to him the 9000. which before were in Brandenburg those that lately besieged Colbergen the States and Gentry of Pomerland he now commaunds at their owne charge to levie 10000. men for their owne defence which forces should take oath to himselfe the Duke and States of Pomeren And now hath he 13. Regiments newly come to him out of Prussia also Thus makes he himselfe as strong against Tilly as possible may be bringing his Army from Coninxbergen over the Oder and forming an Army of some 15000. men betwixt this New Angermund Frejenwald at a little Dorpe called Swedt Hither he brings some 60. peices of Ordnance The Leaguer of Swedt hither also brings he his Ship-bridge from Stetin which here he layes over the Oder over which he hath a free passage both towards
Franckford Landtsbergen and Mecklenburg and a Retreate too if neede were This Leaguer he fortifies with all art strength possible that if Generall Tilly should adventure to fall on he should come vpon the pikes Another Army he at the same time hath and that very strongly fortified also betwixt Treptow and Demmin aforesaid and some forces at the same time likewise at the siege of Gripswald a Towne hard by which might vpon occasion easily conjoyne themselues with the standing Army At this present is Monsieur Tilly vpon his march thitherward with an Army of some 22000. men and 26. peices of Ordnance From Franckford comes he first to Rapin passing in his march not farre from the Kings Leaguer leaving it not aboue a league or two vpon his right hand If some make doubt why being so neere he set not vpon the King the question is easily answered for that the Kings Camp was so strong that he durst not Secondly Tillyes designe was rather to haue drawne the King out into the field to a pitcht battell for so was it given out then with so much hazard to assault him in his trenches The more therefore to provoke the King he falls vpon some of his Garrisons even midway betwixt the Kings two Armies Tilly therefore having some few dayes expected the King at Rapin rises and marches forwards And to tempt out the Kings forces by the way is Colonell Bernsteyn a forward Gentleman and a valiant but vnfortunate who was afterwards met withall sent out with 500. horse to make a Cavalcado vpon Templin a towne hard by thinking there on the sudden to haue surprised the Swedish Garrison But their spyes having given them timely notice of it they in fayre order expect these hot-spurr'd Imperialists So that hard to it they fall and many on both sides fall in the Encounter But the worst plainely fell vnto the Imperialists who carryed not home so many as they brought out and yet they returned full as fast as ever they came Tilly perceiving the King not to be tempted out proceedeth forwards Tilly takes Feldsberg setting himselfe downe at the siege of Feldsberg a Castle neere vnto New Brandenburg now kept by the Swedish which by assault he tooke in putting all to the sword in it Thence he goes to New Brandenburg which he forthwith streightly besieges 〈◊〉 Brandenberg and most fiercely assaults There are his men soundly knockt many a time by the Swedens sallyes out of the Towne and by others from the Army by Dammin Tilly thus enraged with the losse of his men after a large breach in the walles made with his Ordnance he March 9. resolues vpon a generall assault by fine force breaking into the Towne he takes it kills all that he findes in Armes except the Governour Colonell Kniphusen his wife and daughter foure Captaines some Lieutenants and Ancients with about sixtie common Souldiers all which he sends prisoners into Stargard Newes of this being brought into Friedland some foure Leagues off which was kept by one Regiment of foote and 17. troupes of horse away packe the Swedens late in the night towards Ancklam The King also hearing of Tillyes hard dealing with his men sends back to haue those Imperialists sent after and stayd which had newly yeelded vp Colbergen and these he causes to be kept in durance at Friedberg Tilly after this sends his Army towards Demmin Tilly turnes backe againe towards Magdenburg but finding no good to be done eyther vpon the Army or Towne and now perceiving that the King was not disposed to fight with him and that his two Armies kept him from going further that way bethinkes himselfe and turnes back againe towards Rapin loosing his Ordnance in the fennes as the report was Hearing of the Kings Ship-bridge in his returne he sends Coleredo with twentie troupes of horse through Botsaw towards the Oder to hinder the worke if it might be but they finding the bridge not onely finished but with a strong Sconce fortified also are faine to turne back againe In the tayle of them follow 600. Swedish horse pursuing them even vnto Botsaw where other of their fellowes joyning with them they passe beyond Bernau vnto Munchenberg falling there on the sudden vpon seaven hundred Crabats of which many they kill an hundred they take their Colonell hardly escaping into Franckford was faine to leaue all he had behinde him Tilly having thus left the Country the King resolues vpon the taking of Franckford in his going whither his Vantcurryers surprise Zednick kill three hundred Crabats obtaine three Cornets and 460. horses with a great bootie besides The King resolving now vpon the siege of Franckford The siege of Franckford vpon the Oder vpon our Lady day in March beginnes to passe his Army over the Oder vpon the 27. he advances forwards in good order with some 18000. men in his whole Army besides those of Gustavus Horne who were to goe for Landtsbergen Count Schomburg who commanded in chiefe within the towne now suspecting the Kings purpose takes in 7000. more into the Garrison whereof twelue troupes of horse and rayses outworkes in the destroyed Vineyards The first of Aprill comes * Or Dupenbach Teuffenbach newly made Marshall of the Imperiall Army He burnes downe one of the Suburbs of Lubus to disappoint the enemy from lodging in it The very same day arrives the King at Lubus within a league of the Towne The next day he entrenches in the Vineyards aforesaid whereupon the view of the Towne being taken the batteries are raysed That evening the Imperialists make a brave sallye through the Gubens-gate and with the losse of a Lieutenant and many men are beaten into the Church-yard by the gate aforesaid and glad to get in at it In this Skirmish were many lost on the Kings side too and Colonell Teuffell among the rest wounded in the arme The next day being Palme Sunday Aprill the third old stile the King keepes the solemnitie of the day with prayers and Sermons in his Camp All this while had there not beene one shot made against the Citie Wherupon those of the Towne thinking the King had not as yet brought many peices with him begin to revile the Swedes that had the guard next their workes What you Bacon-eaters haue you eaten vp all your Leather-gunnes for hunger Out of a Bulwarke at the same time vpon a pike hung they a Goose calling the King a wild Goose lately come over the Sea The King regards none of this till both Sermon and dinner too was done About two a clocke the Swedens fall to worke vpon their Trench raysed the night before close vnto the Gubens-gate and while the pioners worke the Souldiers with pike and sword beate the Imperialists out of an Outworke they thereby had into the Towne That worke being perfected the King himselfe then who there is scarce a better Gunner in the world bends twelue peices of Ordnance vpon that gate vnder favour of
foote the Dutchies of Pomerland and Mecklenburg being at the charges of maintaining most of the horse Some may imagine that this was but a colourable deniall in Brandenburg and rather Art then force in the King Their reason is because the King of Sweden is brother in Law to the Elector of Brandenburg as having married his sister and therefore not likely to doe him violence he besides being one of those oppressed Princes whom the King came to relieue So that this they judge to haue beene such a practise as that as they say before of the Duke of Pomerlands was and that Brandenburg seem'd to be vnwilling with what he was glad of that he might haue this answere to giue the Emperour That he was forced to it I cannot tell but this I beleeve that would Brandenburg haue done the King a service he might haue before done it by granting Custrine vnto him and that might haue beene the saving of Magdenburg This I rather beleeue that Magdenburg being thus taken and destroyed the Elector was terribly affrighted and therefore durst not but desire Spandau againe but hearing now that Tilly was gone a fortnights march from him engaged otherwhere and the Dessau bridge broken downe that he could not returne he cōsented vnto the King Well! the agreement being made the King on the same 12. of Iune goes thence by water vnto Stetin there to giue audience vnto the Russian Ambassadour which he did vpon the 14th after By this time there having beene some murmuring amongst the Protestants against the King concerning the taking of Magdenburg as if he had beene too slow or defectiue in his aydes or counsells vnto that Citie His Majestie though in himselfe guiltlesse yet considering that he is cruell to himselfe who is negligent of his owne fame or reputation he thinkes himselfe bound in honour to excuse himselfe and therefore sends abroad this his Apologie which wee haue here abbreviated That he could never by any perswasions or assurances draw in the Citizens of Magdenburg The Kings Apologie concerning Magdenburg to disburse any moneyes towards the levying of any forces for his service and their own safeties no nor so much as to billet or quarter any of his troopes vpon them vntill by the blocking vp of their towne they were compelled vnto it That neither could their owne Prince the Administrator of Magdenburg when in the end of Iuly 1630. he came into their Citie obtaine so much of them which had it beene done Pappenheim had then beene diverted an inexpugnable Fort might haue beene raysed and the Seate of warre haue beene turn'd off from the Citie That the enemy had such potent Agents within the Towne that all good resolutions in others were hindered by them and vnto their trecheries is the ruine of their owne Countrey to be imputed That notwithstanding all this the Citie can witnesse his great care in borrowing moneyes from Hambrough and Lubeck for them which had beene sent vnto them As for any promise from his Majestie which the Citizens may alledge that they relyed vpon they must know that this is to be regulated according to conveniencie possibilitie and the present state of things so that the King might not then endanger the whole action for the particular of one Citie especially seeing their owne negligence had now made his promise impossible to be kept Moreover other most insuperable difficulties haue since fallen out and made his relieving of them impossible As that Imperiall Armie in Pomeren and Mecklenburg which besides that it was farre too strong for him in horse had even then blockt vp all passages from the East Sea vnto Magdenburg That it had beene in vaine for him to haue attempted any further vntill he had first taken in those two mightie passages of Gartz and Grippenhagen That notwithstanding all his diligence he could not conveigh any troopes vnto Magdenburg to any purpose vntill November last by which time the enemy had encroached too farre vpon them That Gartz and Grippenhagen being taken he might haue ruined the whole Emperours Army could he but haue obteined the passage of Custrine but this had bin denyed him by Krachten then Governour of it That hereupon he was faine to let the enemy escape in their flight from Gartz into Landtsbergen nor was he able after that to cleere the Elve of the enemies all this through Krachtens deniall If it had beene expected that his Majesty should then haue joyned battell with Tilly they are to consider the many labours and weaknesse of his forces the hardnesse of the winter and the over-matching power of the enemy who had he wonne the battell had at that blow conquered both Magdenburg and Germany That after Tillyes retyring from him to besiege Magdenburg he had strengthened the Imperiall Army left against his Majesty with 12000 new men laying them vpon all the passages and advantages of Pomeren Brandenburg and Silesia and especially vpon the River Oder and in the Townes of Franckford and Landtsbergen that had he stirr'd to relieue Magdenburg they had come vpon his backe That to shew his willingnesse to relieue Magdenburg he had adventured vpon the taking of Franckford and after that advanced as farre as Spandaw and Potstayn towards it That notwithstanding the Towne so much concerned the Elector of Saxony yet could his Majesty never obtaine of him any aydes towards the reliefe of it or any passage by Wittenberg or the Dessau bridge towards it That the Elector of Brandenburg had not or could not in time deliver him such victualls and shipping as were necessary to it as having a respect vnto what the Elector of Saxony did or would doe That he yet knew not whether these two Electors were or would be his friends or his enemies All this considered his Majesties Councell of warre assured him That with so over-wearied an Army first to passe so many enemies in the way and then to haue set vpon Tilly had ruind all Lastly that he would haue relieved the Towne appeares by the neede himselfe stood in of it seeing vpon the newes of the taking of it he was faine to retyre with his Army and project new designes for his securitie and proceeding This was his Majesties Apologie Suppose now in the meane time the Generall Tilly to be removed from Magdenburg whence in Whitsun weeke about the end of May he departed This knowne the King presently hath a designe of recovering those places and he having forsaken the Elve the King sends towards it Now doth the gallant Bauditzen all of a sudden one night with his Dragonniers passe a shallow place or Foord of the Elve whereby the Imperialists in Werben are taken sleepers kill'd Werben taken and Borg. rowted or imprisoned their Lieutenant-Colonell their chiefe Quarter-maister and their Towne surprised Others at the same time doe as much to Borg within 4. leagues of Magdenburg Tilly now vpon his march hearing of these tydings and fearing withall that the King had an
in carrying home spoiles of the warres though not of their Enemies Yet all fled not for the Lord Arnheym Field-Marshall to the Duke and an old Souldier together with Colonell Bindauff * Some write him Taub Doue and Vitzthimb with their 4 Regiments brauely yet stood vnto it Steinau a Colonell of Horse was with 4 Cornets taken prisoner by the Enemie who at length perceiving the Kings partie to prevaile brake through the Enemie and assisted his owne side The Imperialists now seeing the Saxons flying cry Victoria Victoria follow follow follow but the old Lad their Generall quickly countermaunded that saying Let them goe wee shall overtake them time enough but let vs beate the Swede too and then all Germany is our owne In this medlie Furstenberg with his old Regiment of Italian Horse having charged quite thorow the Saxons The Count of Furstenberg defeated was now comming vpon the Swedens backe which they perceiving with such resolution second his charge and follow their owne that they chase him almost an English mile from the place so vtterly cutting off dispersing the whole Regiment that they could not recover it all that battell Slaine and here perchance himselfe was slaine In this time the Duke of Holsteyn with his left wing having charged the King The Duke of Hossteyn defeated â—nd slaine was with such resolution and valour answered that after 5 or 6 charges bewixt them the Duke was mortally wounded and taken prisoner his whole Armie defeated and 3 peices of Ordnance taken By this time the King having notice of the Duke of Saxonies leaving the field and that Tilly was ready to charge his battaile presently drawes out 2000 commaunded Muskettiers of the braue Scottish Nation led by Colonell Havord they having some 2000 horse vpon their flancks to staue off the enemie a while The Scots of the Lord Reayes Regiments as t is said first breake Tillyes rancks The Scots ordering themselues in severall small battagliaes about 6 or 700 in a body presently now double their rankes making their files then but 3 deepe the discipline of the King of Sweden being never to march aboue 6 deepe this done the formost rancke falling on their knees the second stooping forward and the third rancke standing right vp and all giving fire together they powred so much lead at one instant in amongst the enemies horse that their ranckes were much broken with it This advantage the Swedish Horse lined with Muskettiers apprehending resolutely falling amongst them vpon their Croopes vtterly now disperse them The foote perceiving their horse vpon whose braverie they so much depended to be thus put to rowte stand sore amazed at that which they so little expected And now the King with his Foote falling in vpon their Van and with his Horse vpon their flancks Tilly vtterly defeated and taken prisoner after 4 houres hard fight vtterly defeated them In this hot service was the Generall Tilly himselfe much distressed and some say prisoner a while though vnknowne vnto the Kings Armie certaine it is that he was twice or thrice wounded with pistoll-shot Wounded which the Saxon writers say was done by their men most affirme that he was fetcht off by the valour of * Brother to him that Papâ—enheym had before taken prisoner about Magdenburgh Rodolp Maximilian Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg that day serving on the Emperors side who fought like a lyon with whom and two other horsemen Tilly came and conjoyned himselfe vnto the valiant Baron of Cronenberg This bold Baron and his Regiment serving in the right wing had 4 times in those 4 houres Tilly rescued charged the Kings Forces and hee at last when no more could be done brauely carried away his Generall in the midst of his owne now flying Troupes Thus notwithstanding that the left wings of both Armies had beene rowted and defeated yet the right wings vnder their old and experienced Cheiftaines stood stiffely brauely to it from 2 in the afternoone till 6 at night by which time the Imperialists were quite defeated and beaten out of the field The Chase being miserably slaine and trodden downe in the chace Had the King had but 3 houres more of day light scarcely had 1000 Enemies come off aliue but the darkenes which was safest for them to flie being not so for him to pursue the joyfull retreate is sounded and the chace given over for that night There were full 15000 of the Enemies slaine vpon the place of battell or in the chace the same night and the dayes following as one of our High-Dutch Relations assures us 14 peices of halfe The Dutch word is Kartunen whence ours The bootie and losses Curtoes or Demi-canons and 16 lesser peices of 8 or 10 pound ball taken Some of them having the Armes of the Emperour Duke of Bavaria and Wallensteyn others those of the Pals-graue the Elector of Brandenburg Duke of Brunswick c. The Enemies whole Leaguer neere vnto Leipsich was taken full standing and in it 3000 Wagons and all their baggage Tents and Pavilions together with a great number of Cattell oxen sheepe Asses poultry bread wine much costly stuffe with some gold and silver Before the Leaguer was there a great square sconce which the Defendants had forsaken And this was as compleate a victorie as possibly could bee gotten Not stolen by night which Alexander scorned but atcheived by fine force in the broad day-light betwixt 12 and 6 in the afternoone No advantage of place to assist the King t was vpon a faire levell and Campagnia No casuall advantage but was against him the wind the wood and higher ground all possessed by the Enemie No advantage in numbers or reputation of men Tillyes were the more the older Souldiers and their Armie was called Invincible Nay one disadvantage had the King as great as possibly could be a maine fleshing to the Enemy a weakning of halfe his own Armie and a discouragement to the rest by the early defeat of the Duke of Saxonie So that all the advantages lay on the Enemies side and the disadvantages vpon the Kings His Majesty lost not aboue 1200 men in the whole fight Cheife men slaine on the Kings side the Duke of Saxonie not full 2000. Of cheife CoÌ„maunders on the Kings side these slaine Baron Teuffell Collenbach Corwille Hall Adergast all Colonells with divers Captaines and Lieutenants On the Duke of Saxonies side these Coll * He is called Bâ—udâ—orp page 36. Bindtauff Starchedell Serjeant Major Holbeirsdorff and Lemminger both Lieutenants Colonells Hans George of Humrott Generall Adjutant On the Dukes Gerstorff Musculus Count Mansfield Lubers Lemminger Carlowitz Willenstein Rockonitz Henneger Lord Otto of Villaz all Captaines of Foote or Horse with Serjeant Major Drandorff whereof some died the same day and some the next Of Tillyes side slaine Of Tillyes side slaine these following Duke Adolp of Holsteyn the Generall the Count of Furstenberg Schomberg Generall of
the Ordnance Erfft Serjeant Major Generall Baumgarten Coloredo Gallas Wallensteyn Lebel and Zabilli all Colonels Caratelle Lieutenant Colonell together with the Lieutenant Colonels of the Regiments of Saricour Hartzfeldt and of the Duke of Saxon Lawenberg with divers others whose dead and naked bodies were not knowne besides Captaines and Lieutenants both of horse and foote and many braue Cavaliers moe which died either vpon the place or in the Townes of Delitz Eylenberg and Leipsich whither they had fled Prisoners Taken prisoners the Generall Adjutant Zinzendorff the Imperiall Commissaries Generall Walmerode and Graff with Coronino Blankhard Barcelli Kratz Hazelung Larme Klinzi and Wincleman all Colonels together with Bernhard that was Tillyes Treasurer and Secretarie divers Captaines and some Iesuites who no doubt came thither to blesse the Armie Divers Protestants were also taken who betooke themselues vnto his Majesties service Tillyes manly heart t is said could not refraine his teares when he perceived his braue old Souldiers thus going to wracke The whole fault he laid vpon his own Horsmen who after a few hard charges cowardly ran away and never made head againe Tilly and Papâ—eâ—heym flee Tilly himselfe thus wounded as he was made shift to flie into Hall that night 7 Dutch miles from the place of battell from whence in a hackney Coach both hee and Pappenheym fled the next day towards Halberstadt Some 200 Muskettiers followed their Generall about 2000 Horse rallying themselues together in all haste went also after him Reported it was that Tilly should haue his wounds dressed by the Town-Barbar of Hall who it seemes affirmed to the King that Tillyes body was hard-shot or shot-free and that the bullets had not peirced the flesh but made bruises rather in his arme necke and shoulder and that to his horrible torment he was faine to endure to haue the bruised flesh cut out to the very hard bone Whether this were so or no wee leaue vpon the Barbars credit and because we haue not heard it seconded out of Germanie we are loath to charge so braue a Warriour with so base an imputation as to owe his life vnto a * Most surely such a practise there is of which no souldier in Germanie makes doubt The Charme which they weare makes their bodies Gefrorn that is frozen and hard If they shew it by day time it looses its force No bullet nor iron weapon can pierce them 100. shots at least haue bin made vpon one fellow that braved the English at Stoade his cloathes were shot to peices and the wast-band of his breeches which he taking vp went his way This hath beene an old practise of Mithraes souldiers 2000. yeares agoe who made themselues invulnerable both against weapons frost and fire Charm which is practised by none but the reprobate raskalitie of the Armie No man since the King of Portugall hath been so often kill'd and revin'd by report as Tilly hath beene yea that side would haue him to bee yet aliue Hee was said to speake of nothing but peace and of making a good Peace which is indeed farre more happy then victorie The Chase and slaughter being done which continued all the next day the day after Sept. 9. went the King on to Mersburg whence he ferretted out the Imperialists that had fled thither from the battell 3000 whereof hee entertained into his own service by which others of Tillyes takeÌ„ on before and after he was made 7000 stronger then he was in the day of battell Sept. 10. he besieged Hall which the next day was yeelded vnto him The Castle of Morisberg hee tooke in Sept. 12. where he made Sergeant Major Groschen and Captaine Wincleman prisoners whom he delivered to the Duke of Saxonie redeeming Colonell Vrseler with some others that had beene taken prisoners at Magdenburg taking the Protestants which lay in Garrison in it into his owne service From Hall his Majestie commaunded divers Regiments of Horse and Foote to goe towards Halberstadt Mansfeldt Regenstein Stolberg Hohenstein Magdenburg and Brunswicke to scoure those Coasts of the Imperiâ—lists who hearing of the Swedens comming packt with all speed away towards the River Weser after their Generall Tilly. And hereabouts the Priests Monkes lately put in by the Emperors commissioÌ„ now flying away were the late-exiled Ministers by the King restored vnto their Churches Whilest the King was busie hereabouts the Elector of Saxonie employes himselfe about the reducing of his owne Towne of Leipsich and the Fort Pleisenbergh vnto his obedience This Fort had Iohn Vopelius a Saxon the Captaine of it cowardly delivered vp vnto Tilly before ever any force was offered to it and that vpon the day of battell so soone as he heard the fight begin Leipsich being besieged by the Duke Leipsich taken againe vpon Sept. 12. in the evening come there 350 Imperialists out of the Fort aforesaid into the Citie Sept. 13. before noone Colonell Wangler left Governour in the Towne by Tilly parlies and yeelds wherevpon 3000 souldiers almost are suffered to depart The conditions were to haue 18 wagons of bag and baggage 10 red Ensignes furled not displayed or flying swords by their sides onely and without sound of drumme Some of these forthwith betooke themselues vnto the Dukes service and wheras after the fight some had gotten themselues into the Town more then were by agreement to come in when the Towne was first yeelded vnto Tilly these the Duke layes hold of and retaines as prisoners Among these was Coronino and Count Walmerod the Commissary Zintzendorff all afore mentioned with some Iesuites The rest were to be conducted into Bohemia where the Boores were ready with club-law to entertaine them Altringer and Fâ—gger retire Whilest this is done the other 2 Imperial Generals Altringer and Fugger who were with 6000 men come as farre as Erdfurt to haue joyned with Tilly hearing of his defeate runne about the Duringer forrest like mice whose holes were stopt retiring now with all speed and seeking by some otherway to conjoyne themselues with him And now no enemie being neere the King of Sweden sends for the Duke of Saxonie other the great Commaunders of his Army to come to Hall vnto him The King cals a Councell of warre A Councell of warre is there held which way to keepe the enemie from gathering head againe and how to pursue the â—â—â—torie the second part of a Conqueror being to know as well how to vse his victorie as how to winne it And at this consultation we leaue them much about Michaelmas FINIS