sides For I see that the Enemy has spread out their Wings a great way and withall they are very strong both in regard of Chariots and all manner of Forces And we have nothing to oppose to all this besides Chariots And therefore as for my own part had not this station fall'n to me by lot I should be asham'd of it I seem to be so very safe Well then reply'd Cyrus if you think you are well enough your self don't trouble your self for the other For I warrant you by the help of the Gods you shall see these sides of the Enemy quite bare And I desire you that you would not ingage with the Enemy till you see these whom you are so much affraid of flie before us Thus magnificently did he talk now the Battel was at hand whereas at other times he was not much given to boasting but when you see these flie then conclude that I am not far off and make your onset upon the Enemy For then shall you find the Cowardliness of the Enemy and the Valour of your own Men. But while you have leisure Abradatas ride along by your Chariots and incourage your Men to fight partly by inspiriting them with your looks and partly by chearing them up with hopes And do what you can to excite an Emulation among them of appearing the best in the Chariots For assure your self if you do thus they will all say at last that nothing is better than a good Couragious Heart Whereupon Abradatas getting up into his Chariot rod up and down and did accordingly Cyrus marching forwards came to the left Wing where Hystaspas was with half of the Persian Horse Whom he call'd to by his Name and said now you see Hystaspas a work which requires all your speed For it we can but prevent our Enemies by killing them first none of us shall perish To which Hystaspas smiling reply'd let me alone to deal with those that stand opposite but do you take care that those that are of the sides want not work Those are the men says Cyrus I am now going to But do you remember Hystaspas that to whomsoever of us Heaven shall grant the Victory if any part of the Enemy remain'd unvanquish'd we are both to joyn against those who oppose us When he had thus said he march'd forward And when he was come to the Commander of the Chariots I am come says he to help you But when you perceive that we are invading the skirts of the Enemy then do you endeavour to break through the midst of the Enemy For ' â—…will be safer for you to break through then to be intercepted by them in the middle But when he was come behind the Wagons he commanded that Artagerses and Phatnuchus with their thousand Horse and so many Foot should stand still in the same place But says he when you see me invade those who are on the right side then do you fall on upon those who stand opposite to you For you will fight that Wing where the Army is weakest And you will also be the stronger for having a Body You see the Enemy has placed their Horse in their Rear and against these do you oppose the Ranks of the Camels And be you well assured that the Enemy will appear ridiculous to you before you are to ingage When Cyrus had thus done he went to the Right Wing But Craesus supposing that the Body which he himself led was nearer to the Enemy then the Wings which were drawn out into a great length he gave a token to the Wings that they should venture no further but turn to the Enemy in that very place where they were And when they all stood still and viewed Cyrus his Army he gave them the Word to fall on upon the Enemy And thus there were three Squadrons that ran on upon Cyrus his Army one directly opposite and the other two on each side so that all Cyrus his Army was in a great fear For it 't was like a little Brick in a great Building compass'd about every where except behind with Horse-men and Target-men Archers and Chariots But however assoon as Cyrus gave the Word they all wheel'd about and faced the Enemy And all things were hush'd in great filence for fear of the event Cyrus thinking it now high time began the shout which was answered by the Eccho of the whole Army Then with a loud voice calling out Mars he broke forth and planting his Horse against the Flank of the Enemy he presently ingaged with them The Foot keeping their Ranks follow'd speedily after and were compass'd on every side with the Enemy But they were in much the better Condition for they set upon the Wing with the Body strengthning them So that there was quickly a great flight among the Enemy Artagerses assoon as he saw Cyrus ingaged invaded the left side of the Enemy sending in his Camels among them according to Cyrus his Order The Horses could not endure them at a great distance but some of them ran away Mad some pranc'd and leapt some rush'd upon one another For thus Horses use to do at the fight of Camels Artagerses keeping his Men in their Ranks fell upon those which were disorder'd with his well order'd Company and withall sent in the Chariots which were on the right and the left among them Many that escaped from the Chariots were kill'd by those that followed the Wing and many that escaped them were intercepted by the Chariots And Abradatas no longer able to contain himself cry'd out aloud Follow me Friends and rush'd in with his Horse upon the Enemy and shed a great deal of Blood among them giving quarter to no Body And with this the other Chariots broke in also Whereupon the opposite Chariots fled immediately some of them carrying those that fought out of them away with them and some leaving them behind Abradatas making his way directly through them set upon the Squadron of the Egyptians those that were next him in the Army attending him And here they verify'd that which is otherwise evident enough viz. That there is no Body of Men stronger then that which is made up of Friends For those that were his intimate Companions and sate with him at the same Table accompany'd him in this assault upon the Enemy And some of the Chariot-men when they saw that the Egyptians stood the shock with a full Body turn'd to the Chariots that fled and followed after them But those who were with Abradatas because the Egyptians were penn't up so close that they could not give way overturn'd some with the Violence of their Horses and those that were down they trampled under foot And not themselves only but also their Armour Horses and Wheels Whatsoever their Hooks took hold of was cut off by mere force whether Arms or Bodies And in this Tumult too great to be described it happen'd through the jumping of the Wheels over the heaps that laid in the
attended on these Affairs had his proper Station allotted him so likewise the Souldiers had every one his own place in the Camp and knew it very perfectly So that they took to those that were their own immediately without any hesitation For Cyrus consider'd that 't was a very commendable thing in a Family for every thing to have its proper place that so in case a man should want any thing he might know whither to go directly for it But in an Army much more because delays are there more inconvenient by how much their Occasions are more suddain And withal he considered what great things were done by a timely application This was the reason that he bufied himself so much about the orderly placing of his Men. He made choice of the middle of the Camp for his own Station because there was the most security Round about him he had the most faithful of his Guard as he used to have and round about them his Horsemen and his Chariots For these he thought had need of a secure place because they required some long Preparation before they could use those Arms they had against the Enemy On the Right and Left-Hand of himself and his Horse-men was the Station for the Target-men And before and behind him and his Horse-men stood the Archers The heavy arm'd Souldiers like a Wall incompass'd all the rest that so the Horse might be secured while they were preparing themselves if need were The Target-Men and the Archers slept in the same order with the heavy-arm'd-Souldiers that so if any invasion happen'd by night they might be ready to use their Arrows and Darts at a distance as well as the other their Weapons near at Hand Moreover all the Commanders had peculiar Signs before their Tents So that Cyrus his Guard knew every one of their Apartments as well as Men know one anothers Houses in the City And therefore if Cyrus had occasion to use the Service of any of them they were not long in seeking him out but went directly to his Tent. And whereas all of every Nation had their several Stations by themselves it was much the easier to observe who was orderly and obedient and who not And being in this order he thought if any should invade them by day or night they would light upon his Tents as upon an Ambuscade He thought the skill of marshalling an Army did not confist only in knowing how to draw out the Squadrons or to thicken them or to make a Squadron of a Wing or to turn towards the right or the left or the Rear according to the several Postures of the Enemy But also to know how to spread as occasion required and to place every part where it will do most good and to hasten when there is need of Prevention These he took to be the parts of a good Commander and in all these he employ'd his utmost diligence In his Expeditions he changed his Postures very often according to the variety of accidents But when he incamp'd he used the fore-mentioned order for the most part Now when he was come into the Country of the Medes he quarter'd with Cyaxares And when they had embraced and saluted one another Cyrus told him that he had now a Court in Babylon and that if he would come thither he should be as welcome as at home After that he made him a great many Presents Cyaxares accepted them and sent his Daughter to him with a Golden Crown Jewels and Bracelets and a very rich Median Robe And while the young Lady was crowning Cyrus says Cyaxares to him you shall have this Daughter of mine Cyrus for your Wife For your Father marryed my Fathers Daughter whose Son you are And this is she whom you used to play withal while you were with us And when she was asked by any one whom she would have for her Husband She would say Cyrus Her Dowry shall be all Media since I have no Male Child These were the words of Cyaxares to which Cyrus return'd this answer That he liked both the Lady and her Parentage and accepted of her Gifts but that he could promise nothing without the consent of his Father and Mother And tho' Cyrus would not absolutely ingage himself yet he gave the Lady a great many such Gifts as he thought Cyaxares would like These things being over he made towards Persia. When he was come within the Confines of Persia he left the rest of his Army there He himself with his Friends went to the City carrying with him Cattel enough to suffice the whole Nation of the Persians both for Sacrifice and Feasting And Presents such as were fit to be made to his Father and Mother Friends Magistrates Elders and Peers of the Kingdom He gave also all the Persian Men and Women such Collations as use to be given at the return of the King His Father Cambyses having call'd together an Assembly of the Elders and Magistrates of Persia and Cyrus among the rest made them an Oration to this purpose I bear an hearty Affection both to you my Persians and to you Cyrus And 't is very reasonable that I should for you are my Subjects and you are my Son Wherefore it behoves me to Communicate to you whatsoever I think may be for your Interest As for what is past you have consulted the greatness of Cyrus by giving him an Army and making him General of it And Cyrus by the well management of his trust and the favour of Heaven has made you great and glorious in the esteem of all Men and fill'd all Asia with the dread of your Name has inrich'd the chiefest of those that listed themselves under his conduct and took care to supply the common Souldiers both with their pay and their diet If therefore you continue in the same mind for the time to come you will mightily contribute to the promotion of each other But if either you Cyrus lifted up with the success of your uudertakings design nothing but your own private interest in the Government of the Persians as of Strangers Or if you my Citizens envy his growing Power and endeavour to alienate the Kingdom from him know for certain that you will prove an hindrance to one another in many great Atchievements In order therefore to the prevention of these mischiefs it seems good to me that after our solemn addresses made to the Gods we enter into this Covenant That you Cyrus in case of any forreign invasion or innovation offer'd to the Laws of Persia be ready to assist the Persians to the utmost of your Power And that you Persians if any endeavour to depose Cyrus or to stir up his Subjects to Rebellion against him afford him your assistance While I live the Kingdom of Persia is mine but after my decease 't is plain that it devolves to Cyrus When Cyrus is here in Persia 't will be best for him to offer Sacrifice in your behalf as I do now
ΚΤΡΟΤ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ OR THE Institution and LIFE OF CYRUS the GREAT WRITTEN By that famous Philosopher and General Xenophon of Athens And from the Original Greek made English The first four Books By Francis Digby late of Queens Colledge in Oxford The four last by John Norris Fellow of All-Souls Coll. Oxford Medus ademit Assyrio Medoque tulit moderamina Perses Claud. de laud. Stilic LONDON Printed for Matthew Gilliflower at the Spread Eagle in Westminster-Hall and James Norris at the Kings-Arms without Temple-Bar 1685. Printed for Matt Gilliflower James Norris To the Right Honourable Robert Earl of Ailesbury and Elgin Vicount Bruce of Ampthill Baron Bruce of Wharlton Skelton and Kinloss Lord of the Honour of Ampthill High steward of Leicester Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the Counties of Bedford and Huntington and one of the Lords of His Majesties most Honourable Privy Council c. MY LORD THE Presumption would be too great should I offer a Work of less esteem than this of Xenophon's to a Person of your Lordship's Quality and Honouâ—… But as all Ages past have given aâ—… Universal Testimony of their valuâ—… for this Wise Book so I havâ—… reason to believe all to come wiâ—… as generally approve my Choice 〈◊〉 your Lordship for its Patron Foâ—… who so fit to desend the Cyruâ—… that was design'd a Pattern foâ—… Princes and Great men to imiâ—…tate as one so remarkably emiâ—…nent for Loyalty Whose Descent is from a Race of Kings whose Education has been agree able to so high a Birth and whaâ—… is yet more rare whose Virtue fully answer both This I may say without being suspected for flattery that no one has made aâ—… nearer approach than your Lordâ—…hip to this Character of Perfectiâ—…n in general and that none has qualled your Lordship in that articular Part which consists in Candour and Forgiveness 'T is his my Lord which has hardâ—…ed me to the boldness of this Adâ—…ress which I hope your Lordâ—…hip will Pardon from My Lord Your Lordships most Obedient and most Humble Servant M. Gilliflower THE PREFACE THE Author of this Incomparable Piece for which all Antiquity has justly had so great a Value was Xenophon of Athens a Man no less famous in an Active than in a Contemplative Life and perhaps the only Person upon Record whose Words and Actions so highly adorn'd the Philosophy he profess'd He was born in Ercheja an Athenian Town belonging to the Tribe Aegeis so called from Aegeus immediate Successor to Pandion King of Athens Tho the time of his Birth be no where expresly declared yet by comparing Stesiclides in Laertius who says he dy'd the first Year of the 105 Olympiad with Lucian who affirms he out-liv'd 90 Years 't is manifest He must have been born in or before the first year of the 82 Olympiad His Father's Name was Gryllus which Name continu'd in the Family for several Generations He laid the Foundation of his after-Greatness in the School of Socrates the then celebrated Philosopher of Greece and whom the Delphick Oracle had pronounc'd the wisest of Men. Of him our Author was a great Admirer and a â—…rudious Imitator whose religious Deportment towards the Gods whose Constancy Temperance and Resolution he carefully transcrib'd in the whole Conduct of his Life How much he honour'd him appears by that elegant Defence he made for him before his Judges tho in truth Socrates's Vertues were his best Apology where he boldly taxes and smartly refutes the malicious Calumnies of Anytus and Melitus his inveterate and false Accusers He was the first that committed to Writing the Precepts and Memoirs of his Master which he has perform'd with such Accurateness and Fidelity that therein you may read the very Sense and Soul of Socrates The same thing indeed was afterwards done among others by his Fellow-Pupil Plato but he has every where intermixt so many Excursions of his own that it is not easie to distinguish the Master from his Scholar Nor was Socrates less sollicitous for his beloved Xenophon as will appear by this one Instance In that memorable Peloponnesian War betwixt the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians they were both personally engag'd in the Fight before Delium where the Athenians being worsted and flying before the Baeotians Xenophon then but very young was overthrown and unhors'd in the Flight which Socrates perceiving took him up and carry'd off upon his Shoulders till the Enemy gave over their Pursuit His second Military Effort was his famous 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the younger Cyrus against his Brother Artaxerxes I know some very Learned Men affirm he had never seen the Wars before this Persian Expedition but this I suppose is meant of Foreign Wars because Greece being at that time and having been for many Years before the Seat and School of Martial Discipline 't is highly probable that a young Gentleman of his Generosity and Courage would not be altogether unacquainted therewith This War he engag'd himself in at the earnest Sollicitations of his dear Friend Proxenus the Baeotian once a Scholar to that fam'd Orator and Philosopher Gorgias the Leontine but now residing at Cyrus's Court at Sardis in Lydia Thither went Xenophon having first consulted his Master Socrates and then the Oracle at Delphos Arriving at Sardis he found Cyrus ready for his March who entertain'd him with all imaginable Expressions of Friendship and held him in no less Esteem than he did Proxenus himself However he then accepted of no Command but follow'd the Army as a Voluntier In this Expedition Cyrus was slain and the Grecian Camp being rifled by the Enemy they lost all they had except their Arms. These when Phalinus in the King's Name came to demand and that they should submit themselves to his Mercy Xenophon was the Man that gave him this smart Answer We have now Sir but two things left us our Arms and our Valour if we yield up one how shall we make use of the other Think not therefore that we intend to part with our Arms with which we are resolv'd to manage a Dispute with you To him Phalinus smilingly reply'd Young Gentleman you talk like a Philosopher and have made a very pretty Speech but you are mightily mistaken if you think your Arms or Valour can withstand the Power of the great King Thus meanly did this haughty Courtier think of Xenophon And yet this was he who afterwards when all the Captains and Commanders were basely betray'd and treacherously murther'd with admirable Skill and invincible Patience conducted ten thousand Foot through the midst of the Provinces of Persia from Babylon to Greece over precipitous Mountains deep Rivers by streight and almost unpassable Ways to the Amazement of the World even in despight of the Power and Malice of the Enemy This unparallell'd Retreat so encourag'd the Grecians and betray'd the Weakness and Degeneracy of the Persians that thereupon they began to bethink themselves of invading and subverting that
inclinable Constitution they might use the same with Excess You have said the very thing quoth Cyrus and therefore I beseech you Father in regard I come late to learn this Art that you would not fail to inform me in all the Points you know by which I may be enabled to make my Advantage of my Enemies Let this then reply'd he be your main and principal Design when your own Men are in all points prepar'd endeavour to attack your Enemies in some Disorder When you are well appointed to set upon them unarm'd When yours are watching to surprize them asleep You must view what Posture they are in your self undiscover'd to them You must take advantage of the most secure and fenced Places where you may at unawares assail your Enemies in Streights and Difficulties But how is it possible Father quoth he that a Man should catch his Enemies in such over-fights as these Because Son said He there is a necessity in it that you as well as your Adversaries should fall into divers of these and the like Circumstances For you must of necessity both of you forrage the Country for Provision you must both sleep and take your Rest and in the morning you must almost all of you range abroad to furnish your selves with Necessaries And look what way soever you bend your course be it better or worse you must pursue it Now of all these things you ought seriously to deliberate that where you find your self the weaker Party there you may use the greater Precaution and that you may when you perceive you have your Enemies at the best Advantage then and there especially attack them And are we quoth Cyrus to endeavour to be before-hand with our Enemies in these Points only or in some others also Not in these only reply'd he my Son but more principally in others For in these cases all Men commonly keep a strict and severe watch as knowing 't is necessary for them so to do But they that go about to circumvent their Enemies can either by making them first confident and think they are secure surprize them unawares or by betraying them into a â—…ursuit break their Ranks and disorder their battel or by the wile of a pretended flight draw them into Streights and Ambuscades and so attack them Now for you my Son it becomes you not only to make use of all those Arts and Designs of War which you have so earnestly desired to be instructed in but also of your accord to invent and contrive other Stratagems against your Enemies Just as Musicians don't content themselves barely with the Practice of those Tunes they have been taught but are continually inventing new Composures of their own And as in Musick what is new and gay is most taking and delightful so much more in War new Stratagems and Policies are highly approv'd of as being best accommodated to betray and circumvent the Enemy Now for you my Son quoth he if you would employ only those wiles and devices against your Enemies which you have us'd against lesser Creatures think you not that you should make a very fair advance towards the getting an absolute Mastery over them For you even in the dead of the Winter would up in the night and out a Birding and your Nets and Snares for that purpose were so prepar'd for them that you prevented their first stirrings and made your counterfeit moveable Pitfall seem as if it were fixt and real Besides you had some Birds so perfectly well taught as to be serviceable to your designs by decoying into your snares those of their own kind whilst you lay secretly in Covert to see them so as to be undiscover'd by them and your great Care was to secure and inclose them before they took wing But for the Hare because she is a Creature that shuns the Light and the Day and feeds in the dusk of the evening you kept your Hounds which tracing her by the scent might start her and because she is no sooner put up but she betakes her self presently to her heels you had other Dogs train'd up for the same purpose that they might take her upon the stretch Now if she chanc'd to out-strip these also you presently sought out her musing holes and observing what paths she generally took you accordingly so pitcht your nets that she not discerning them in the eagerness of her flight might fall into them and entangle her self therein And that she might not possibly escape hence you had your Lurchers and Spies so planted that they might observe what pass'd who being near at hand might immediately come upon her you in the mean time behind her filling her cars with your shouts and hollowings terrify'd her so that you might surprize her unawares whilst they that lay in wait before her having been by you charged to be silent kept under Covert close and unseen Therefore as I intimated before if you would put in practice these and the like Artifices against Men I for my part know not how you should be inferiour to any of your Adversaries But now suppose you should be necessitated in an open field and pitcht Battel to engage your Enemy when you are on both sides well appointed in this case my Son those Arts and Advantages of War wherein you have improv'd your self before are very prevalent and effective As for instance If your Souldiers have well inur'd themselves to bodily Exercise if their Spirits have on occasion been quickned and enliven'd and they throughly acquainted with all the Arts of War Besides you must know this for certain that all those from whom you your self exact Obedience will think it but reasonable that you should consult their Interest and Safety Therefore you ought not by any means to be careless and remiss but to design in the Night how you will have your Men employ'd in the Day and in the Day-time how best to dispose and order the concerns of the Night But how to set an Army in Battel array how to conduct them in the Day and how in the Night how through Streights and how in open Plains how over Mountains and how in Champaign Countrys how to Incamp how to set Watch and Ward by Night as well as by Day how to Advance against the enemy and how to Retreat how to march before an hostile City how to approach the Walls and how to retire how to lead through Forests and how to pass Rivers how to secure your self against the Horse how against Darters and how against Bow-men likewise if you lead your Army display'd into Wings and the Enemy appear and make head against you how you are to confront and oppose them or again if you lead in a close Squadron and the enemy flank you on some other side and don 't appear in the Front how you ought to charge them and give them Battel as also how you may best discover the Designs of your Enemies and they not have the least
we think of better than to send dispatches to the Persians and withall to give them to understand that what Calamities soever befall the Medes the same will also reach them and thereupon to crave of them greater Assistance Well quoth Cyrus but know this that although the whole Power of Persia should come forth to aid Us we shall not yet be able to surpass our Enemies in Number What Expedient then quoth He can you devise better than this For my part answered Cyrus were I as you I would immediately provide for all the Persians that are coming hither exactly such Armour as those Noble-men of ours which we call Peers are furnish'd with Which is this a Breast-plate a light Target for the left hand and a Falchion or Cymitar in the right This if you do we shall be able with more safety to close with our Enemies and encounter them hand to hand and they also will think it more eligable to fly than to maintain their ground For those of them that keep the field we Persians will give them Battel committing such as fly to you and your Horsemen that so they may have no opportunity either to save themselves by flight or to rally again Thus spake Cyrus and Cyaxares so well approv'd of what He had said that now He made no further mention of sending for fresh supplies but immediately began to make ready the aforesaid Armour which was scarce yet dispatch'd e're the Persian Nobility were advanc'd with the Army sent out of their own Country Whom when Cyrus had assembled together He spake to them to this effect Country-men and Friends when I saw you thus well Arm'd and withal perceiv'd your hearty Resolutions to joyn close Battel with the Enemy but the rest of the Persians your followers no otherwise appointed than to skirmish here and there at random I was highly concern'd lest possibly you as you are few in Number and destitute of others to relieve you might being overpower'd by your Enemies be reduc'd to Extremity and Distress But now in regard you bring hither Bodies so manly and robust that they can't be excepted against and they also are to be arm'd like your selves our great business will be to animate and quicken them For 't is a General 's Duty not only to be brave and daring Himself but also to take effectual Care that those under Him acquit themselves with Gallantry and Courage When Cyrus had thus said and they understood they should have more Companions in the Battel they were all exceeding glad and one of them stood forth and spake to this effect My discourse perhaps would be lookt upon as very strange should I take upon me to advise Cyrus to say any thing in our behalf to those that are to be our Fellow-Astros in the War when they put on their Armour but this I am assured of that Their words make the deepest Impression in the hearts of their Audience who have the greatest Power to do good or ill Likewise the Gifts and Largesses of such Men though they are less considerable than those of a samiliar Friend yet are they more highly valued and esteem'd by the Receivers So now these Persians would more cheerfully follow the Exhortation of Cyrus himself than if they were counsell'd and encourag'd by Us. And being admitted into the Order of Peerage they will think it more securely confirm'd to them if it be done by their King's Son and their General than if they were by Us advanc'd to the same Dignity Nevertheless we must not be wanting in what concerns Us but ought by all means possible to raise and enliven the hearts of these Men for the more valiantly they behave themselves the more will it be for our Honour and Advantage Hereupon Cyrus having assembled together all the Persian Souldiery and plae'd the Armour in the midst of them spake to them as follows Men of Persia In regard you were born and bred in the same Country with Us and have Bodies nothing inferiour to Ours 't is requisite likewise that you equal Us in Valour and Resolution of mind For though you are such stout Men yet in our own Country you never shar'd like Honours with Us not that We debarr'd you that Priviledge but that there was a Constraint upon you to provide Necessaries for your selves But now by the Divine Assistance I shall take Care that there be no want of these things and you although you are in some sort of a lower Rank in respect of Us may yet if you please put on the same Armour we wear and encounter the same Dangers we do and if you perform any brave and noble Exploit be advanc'd equally with Us in Honour and Esteem Hitherto you have been us'd to Bows and Darts as well as we nevertheless 't is not at all to be wondred at if your Skill and Experience herein fall short of Ours for you had not the leisure and opportunity to practise these things which we had But now in this kind of Armour here before you we shall not have the least advantage of you For every one shall have a Breast-plate fitted to him in his left hand a light Target such as we all have been us'd to carry and in his right hand a Sword or Cymitar wherewith to sâ—…ite down his Adversaries who can't possibly escape Him if He direct his stroke aright In these Circumstances what is it wherein we can One furpass another but by being daring and forward which ought to be Your Concern no less than Ours For as for Victory which both instates Us in and likewise secures to Us all things that are honourable and good upon what account should We be more desirous of it than You And as for Power which bestows upon the Conquerours all the spoils of the Vanquished what reason have We to endeavour after it rather than you To conclude you have heard the whole matter you see all the Armour here before you let every Man take what is fit for Him and so give his Name to some Centurion in the Army that he may be enroll'd in the same rank and quality with Us. As for those that content themselves with the Condition of Mercenary Souldiers let them still continue to wear such Arms as are proper for Servants and Attendants Thus spake Cyrus whom when the Persians had heard they concluded that they justly deserv'd to lead a wretched and uncomfortable Life for the future if upon so fair an Invitation to partake of the like Dangers and to share the same Rewards with them they should offer to refuse Whereupon they unanimously listed themselves and took every Man his Armour During the time of the Report that the Enemy was advanc'd very near them when indeed there was no such thing Cyrus made it his business to improve the strength of those that were about him by keeping them to bodily Exercise He instructed them in Military Arts animating and exciting them to all
believe it will animate even Cowardise it self to see Valour honour'd and preferr'd Cyrus was very willing that such a Decree should pass upon the account and for the sake of the Nobility for he took it for granted that they would shew themselves more valorous according as they saw themselves rewarded in proportion to the Services they did He thought it therefore very seasonable at this time to determine the Point by Votes and Suffrages when the Nobility began to repine at and dread this levelling kind of Equality Wherefore by the unanimous Consent of those that were met together in Cyrus's Pavilion it was thought good to put the Matter to the Vote that every one who would be reputed a Man indeed should countenance and further it Hereat one of the Captains smiling said I know a certain Fellow a Common-Souldier who will readily give his Assent that this unadvised Equality shall never pass Another ask'd him who he meant I mean quoth he a certain Tent-Fellow of mine who presses upon all Occasions to share more than the rest What said the other in Labour too Nay hold there reply'd he not a Word of that there I confess you have caught me for in Labour and Toil or any thing of that Nature he will give any one that will free leave to take a greater share than himself But Sirs quoth Cyrus my Resolution is that such Fellows as he now speaks of ought to be cashier'd and expell'd the Camp if we intend to have a stout valiant and faithful Army For I look upon the Generality of Souldiers to be naturally dispos'd to follow what way soever any one leads them Now I believe Men of Gallantry and Courage are zealous to excite others to noble and brave Exploits whereas bad Men make it their Business to betray them into Villany and Folly And indeed it often falls out that Men of base corrupt Principles bring more over to their Opinion and Party than those that are truly vertuous and good For Vice coming recommended with present Pleasures does by their Allurements induce many to comply with and embrace it but Virtue aiming only at Heights and Difficulties is not powerful and attractive enough to draw us readily to her especially when others invite us the clean contrary way to our beloved Ease and Pleasure So that if there be any who contract a vicious Habit merely by a sluggish stupid Disposition such I esteem as Drones expensive only and burthensome to their Fellows but where they are backward to engage in common Duty and Service yet shameless and eager in pursuit of their own private Advantage they are likely to be Ring-Leaders to Mischief and Vice because they are many times able to evidence to the World that their Villany has been crown'd with Profit and Success Wherefore such as these ought by all means to be discharg'd Nor need you be hereupon sollicitous how to recruit your broken Forces with Country-men of your own but as in Horses you don't confine your self to those of your own breed but make choice of such as are best even so in Men of all others choose especially such as you think most able to do you the best Service and Honour Now that this kind of proceeding will turn to our good I am abundantly satisfied because neither can a Chariot be swift which is drawn by slow Horses nor a Family well govern'd where dissolute Servants are employ'd Nay less prejudicial were it to have no Servants at all than to be molested with those that are vitious and false Besides assure your selves of this my Friends quoth he that by this purging of ill Men out of the Army we shall not only gain this great point that we shall be fairly quit of them but also as many of those that are left behind as Vice has already seiz'd on and infected will again be purged of the same and those also that are good and faithful when they see base Villanies slighted and disgrac'd will with more chearfull Resolution embrace Vertue And this was the Effect of Cyrus's Discourse All which his Friends unanimously approved of and did accordingly Then Cyrus began to be pleasant again and perceiving that one of his Officers had brought a Guest with him to Supper and had made him sit down by him very hairy and ugly as he was calling the Officer by his Name he said unto him What Sambulas and do you too follow the Greek Fashion and carry about that delicate Youth that sits next to you for his Beauty Yes quoth Sambulas as I live I take great Pleasure both in his Converse and Countenance which when the rest of the Company heard they all turned about and viewing well the Young Man's extraordinary deformity laught out right And one among the rest Now for Heavens sake Sambulas quoth he prithee tell me how this Fellow has thus ingratiated himself with thee I will tell you quoth he Friends the very Truth How oft soever I have called upon Him either by Night or by Day He never pretended Business to excuse himself nor does he go about his work lazily but always with Vigour and Dispatch Nor did I ever see him go about any thing I commanded him but he wrought at it till he sweat again Besides he has made twelve others really such as himself demonstrating to them not by Word but by Fact how they ought to behave and acquit themselves Upon this says one seeing He is such a Person as you speak of how can you forbear to greet and kiss him as one of your Kinsmen To whom the ill-look'd Fellow himself reply'd He does not do that because he hates taking Pains for if he should offer to kiss me it would excuse him sufficiently from all other Exercises Such kind of Story 's as these partly jocular and partly serious were discoursed of and debated in the Tent. At last having offer'd Sacrifice a third time and beseeching the Gods to bless them with Victory and Success the Company brake up and betook themselves all to their Rest. The day following Cyrus in a full Assembly of his whole Army spake to this Effect Country-men and Friends the Battel now approaches our Enemies are at hand If Victory attend us the Enemy and all they possess will be certainly ours if we are vanquished and we must ever suppose the worst all that we are Masters of will as their Reward fall into the hands of the Conquerors This therefore you must know that where Men concerned in the same common Engagements of War make this Resolution to themselves that nothing can succeed well unless every particular Person heartily espouse the Cause there in a short time they are able to perform great and glorious Exploits and that upon this Account that no Man out of a slothful Negligence forgets to discharge his Duty But when every one shall think that others will bear the Burthen of the Day and encounter the Dangers of the War tho
him to aid you with an Army and oblige him to pay the Tribute due to you Nay and after all this I make no Question but he shall hold a stricter Friendship with you than at present he does And I am perswaded quoth Cyaxares the Armenian will much rather come in and joyn with You than with Us. For I have been informed that some of that King's Children have been your Companions in Hunting and they may probably strike in with you again Now if you can but get any of them into your Hands we can't fail of effecting what we our selves desire But what think you saith Cyrus is it not expedient that this Design of ours should be carried on with Secresie and Concealment By all means reply'd Cyaxares for so we may with less difficulty trepan some of them and if we should in an hostile manner set upon them they will be less provided against such a Surprise Hear me then quoth Cyrus whether what I shall say be to the purpose or no. I and all my Train of Persians that attended me have often hunted about the Confines of Media and Armenia and that many times I have been followed with a Troop of Horse-men my Friends and Familiars from hence You may therefore reply'd Cyaxares make the same Attempt now without incurring the least Suspicion But if you lead out considerably more Forces now than did usually follow you to Hunting this will make them jealous of your Design But we may quoth Cyrus even in that Case frame a very specious Pretence as suppose some one spread a Report there that I intend a great and solemn Hunting and for that end have openly requested you to furnish me with Horsemen I approve well of what you sayâ—… quoth Cyaxares and indeed those I shall furnish you with will be but very few because I my self will make shew as if I intended to visit my Frontier Garrisons upon the Borders of Assyria which I do verily purpose to do and to make them strong and fit for Service Now so soon as you are advanced to the Confines with what Forces you have and have spent some two days in Hunting I will send you of the Forces I have levyed a sufficient Recruit both of Cavalry and Infantry with whom as soon as they have joyn'd you you may immediately march on further into the Country and I with the Remainder of my Army will endeavour to keep at such a distance that whenever Occasion serves I may come in to your Relief Hereupon Cyaxares presently drew together a Body of Horse and Foot for the Service of his Garrisons and withall sent Wagons â—…aden with Provisions the very direct way leading thereunto But Cyrus in order to his March did Sacrifice to the Gods and at the same time sent to Cyaxares to request of him his younger Horsemen He tho great Numbers of them readily offer'd him their Service yet sent him but a few Now as Cyaxares was marching at the Head of his Forces to visit his Castles Cyrus by Sacrifice had an auspicious Presage of a fortunate Expedition against the King of Armenia whereupon out he leads his Men as one prepared only to hunt No sooner was he entred the first Field but up starts a Hare when an Eagle coming from a luckey Quarter and perceiving her Flight made at her beat her down seiz'd her and so took Wing again and carrying the captive Prey to the top of a neighbouring Hill she us'd it as she pleased Cyrus liked this Omen well and rejoycing for the same he pay'd his devout Acknowledgments to King Jupiter and withall told those that were present My Friends quoth he by the Favour of Heaven this will prove a fortunate Hunting to us Now when they were come to the Frontiers as his usual manner was he began his Sport When the ordinary sort as well Horse as Foot rushing forth beat up and down to rouse their Game but for the more choice Men they stood distributed here and there that they might be in a readiness to receive and pursue the wild Beasts many whereof they took as wild Boars Goats Stags and Asses for there are in those Parts good store of wild Asses even at this day Now when they had concluded that days Sport Cyrus entring the Marches of Armenia sat down and supped there and the next day renewing his Game again he made his Approaches to those Mountains where he long'd to be which done and his Hunting ended to Supper he sat down again But so soon as he discover'd Cyaxares his Army marching towards him he sent private Dispatches to them that they should sup some eight miles distance from him for he foresaw this would very much conduce to conceal his Approaches from the Enemy He likewise signified his Pleasure that after Supper the chief Captain should repair unto him So when Supper was ended he commanded the Officers of the Army to appear before him and when they were assembled bespake them after this manner Heretofore my Friends the King of Armenia was in Confederacy with and also tributary to Cyaxares But now understanding that we are invaded by our Enemies he despises us neither does he send us any Supply either of Men or Money He therefore is now to be our Game Him we are to Hunt out if we can In order to which I think we must thus proceed You Chrysantas after you have somewhat refresh'd your self with Sleep shall take with you one half of the Persians that are here and entering the mountainous part of the Country make your self Master of those Hills whither 't is reported He uses to fly when he is apprehensive of Danger Guides I will give you to direct you and they say those Mountains are so thick and wooddy that I hope there is no fear of your being discovered However if you send out some before the Army that may both for their Number and their Garb resemble Robbers nimble active Men look what Armenians they meet with if they can take them Prisoners they will be sure to prevent their giving Intelligence but if they let them escape their Hands they will force and drive them so far off that they shall not possibly have a sight of the main Body of the Army nor design any thing more against you than what they would against common Rovers And this quoth he Chrysantas shall be your Charge I for my part with the remaining half of the Foot and all the Horse will by break of day march the direct and plain Road to the Palace Royal where if we find any Opposition we shall of necessity be obliged to fight but if he quit the plain Field then we must undoubtedly pursue him Now if we fly to the Mountains there it will especially be your business to suffer none to escape that fall into your Hands For you must imagine this to be a kind of Hunting-match and look upon us as those that are to find out and rouse the
substantial Good Now when Cyrus perceiv'd how vigorous his Souldiers were their Bodies robust and strong to undergoe the Toils of War their Souls truly generous and daring to despise the Enemy well skill'd in what belong'd to their particular Armour and all of them freely dispos'd intirely to obey their Commanders very desirous he was upon these Accounts immediately to execute some Design or other against the Enemy For he knew that by lingring and delay the noblest Projects even of the bravest Generals are often baffled and defeated Besides he saw Heats and Animosities fomented in the Army through the Ambition of some and Jealousie of others for which reason he thought it the best Policy to bring them without delay into the Enemies Country having learnt by Experience that common Dangers even among Souldiers hinder their Affections each to other For in such Case no man envies the glittering Armour of one or repines at the Ambition of another but do equally commend and congratulate one anothers Success believing that they are all joyntly concern'd to procure the Advancement of the common Good First then he furnish'd out and marshal'd his Army after the best and most sightly manner he could This done he assembled together his Collonels Captains Lieutenants and Ensignes for these were free-Officers and not enroll'd in the ordinary Lists of Souldiers yet when they were to wait upon the General for his Commands or to inform him in any particular the Army was not therefore left at random but allthings were plausibly manag'd by inferiour Officers who commanded some perhaps twelve some six in a Partie Now as soon as these prime Commanders were met Cyrus took them into his Tent and not only demonstrated to them what Order and Discipline was but also throughly inform'd them wherein particularly consisted the Strength of their Allies And when he had rais'd in them an earnest desire of entring presently upon Action he sent them back to their respective Charges there to teach every Man in his proper Province what they had learn'd of him and endeavour to kindle in them All a Zeal heartily to espouse and pursue this War that so the whole Army may march out with all imaginable Cheerfulness and carly in the Morning appear before Cyaxares his Gates They immediately departed and did as he commanded And the next Morning by break of Day came and presented themselves before the Palace Royal. Then Cyrus with his Principal Officers entring the Court address'd himself to Cyaxares in this manner I know very well O Cyaxares quoth he that the point I shall now speak to has been long since approv'd of by You as well as by Me but You perhaps may be unwilling to declare your Thoughts lest possibly if you should mention the leading forth our Armies it might be suspected you were weary of the Expence of maintaining them at home since therefore you are pleas'd to be Silent I will undertake to manage this Concern in your behalf as well as my own We are all then resolv'd upon the point since we are so compleatly furnish'd not to suffer your Enemies to invade your Country before we give them Battel nor will we sit down securely here and wait their coming but immediately march out into their Territories For so long as we remain within your Dominions we cannot tho sore against our Wills but spoil and impoverish them Whereas were we advanc'd into the Enemies Quarters we should pillage them with Pleasure and Satisfaction Besides you now maintain us at a vast Charge whereas did we make our Enemies Country the seat of the War we would maintain our selves at their Expence I confess did greater Dangers threaten us there then here we might have some colour to choose the safest Place But since they will certainly be the same Men whether we expect their coming and fight them here to whether we pass their Frontiers and meet them there and we our selves shall be equally able to oppose them whether we stay here to receive them or march out against them and give them Battel Nay in truth we shall find our Men much more forward and daring if we be the Invaders and don 't seem afraid to look the Enemy in the Face And they likewise will so much the more dread us when they understand we don't sit at home like a faint-hearted People for fear of them but upon the first Notice of their coming against us we presently march out to meet and fight them not lingring at home till our own Country be harass'd and destroy'd but prevent that by first laying theirs waste Now I conceive that to make them more timorous or our selves more bold will be to us a matter of very great Consequence for by this means I reckon the Danger on our side will be less and on the Enemies considerably greater Besides 't is a common saying with my Father and with you also which every one else likewise takes for granted that a Man may better judge of the Issue of a Battel by the Courage and Resolution of the Hearts than by the bodily Strength of the Combatants So spake Cyrus and Cyaxares thus â—…eply'd I would neither have you O Cyrus not the rest of the Persâ—…ns entertain any such Thoughts of me as if I quarter'd you here grudgingly and with regret Nevertheless I esteem it most advisable in every respect that we immediately fall into the Enemies Country Since then quoth Cyrus we are both upon the same point let us be all in a readiness with Bagg and Baggage and if the divine Sacrifices quickly favour our Design let us as speedily set forward This said having given the Souldiers charge to prepare themselves he sacrific'd first to King Jupiter then to the rest of the Gods beseeching them that they would be propitious and favourable to them that they would vouchsafe to go forth with their Armies guide succour and assist them and in all things direct them for their Advantage and Good He implor'd likewise the Assistance of the Tutelar Demi Gods Inhabitants and Guardians of Media When he had fortunately finish'd his Sacrifice and the whole Army was now assembled on the Frontiers encourag'd by Auspicious Presages he invaded the Enemies Land No sooner had he pass'd the Marches but he pour'd out Propitiatory Offerings upon the Earth and by Sacrifice appeas'd the Gods and Demi-Gods Patrons and Inhabitants of Assyria This done he sacrific'd yet once more to Jupiter the Protector of his Nation nor did he neglect any other God that came in his Way All things having thus prosperously succeeded the Foot presently advanc'd by easie Marches and encampt whilst the Horse making frequent Inroads into the Country brought off abundance of Spoil and Booty Furnish'd thus with store of Provison they dislodg'd thence and encamp'd farther to wait the Enemies coming still ravaging the Country all along as they went Now when Cyrus had Intelligence that the Enemy was advanc'd within ten Days March
'T is high time quoth he Cyaxares to set forward and meet them that we neither give occasion to them nor to our own Souldiers to think we are afraid to go out against them but rather let us evidence to them both that we come with all Cheerfulness and Resolution to fight them This Cyaxares approv'd of and henceforward they mov'd alwaies in Battalia making longer or easier Marches as they thought fit They supp'd still by Day-light They never made any Fires in the Night time within the Camp but without the Camp they did that by the Advantage of the Light thereof they might be able themselves undiscern'd to discover whether any one came toward them in the Night They would oftentimes kindle Fires behind the Camp to amuse the Enemies so that now and then their Scouts would fall in among our Out-Guards perswading themselves by the distance of the Fire that the Camp was a great way off Now when both Armies drew near each other the Assyrians and their Confederates a thing practis'd even at this Day among those Barbarian Kings fortified themselves with a Trench which they always do when ever they lye encamp'd and that with a great deal of ease by reason of their vast Numbers For they know very well that a Troop of Horse-men especially Barbarians is very troublesom and unserviceable in the Night their Horses being alwayes tyed by the Feet to the Manger so that upon any sudden surprise they would find it very difficult to unloose and bridle them and no less troublesom to saddle and harness them and at last to mount them and ride through the Camp utterly impossible All this consider'd they as well as other Barbarous Nations use thus to entrench themselves believing that being so strongly fenc'd and fortifi'd they can't be oblig'd to fight but when they please Whilst this was doing the Armies were advanc'd somewhat near one another not distant above a Persian Mile the Assyrians lying encamp'd as has been said within a strong Entrenchment but very open and expos'd to view But Cyrus pitch'd his Tents in as close and secret a Place as he could raising up Rampires and Mounts of Earth afront his Camp knowing that all Warlike Preparations the more surprising they are the more do they terrifie and amaze the Enemy So for that Night after their Sentinels were set both Armies betook themselves to their Repose The Day following the King of Assyria Graesus and the rest of the Captains kept their Army quiet within their Trenches But Cyrus and Cyaxares stood in Battalia ready to fight expecting when the Enemy would come out But when they knew for certain that the Enemy would not quit their Trenches nor come to Battel that Day Cyaxares calling to him Cyrus and the rest of the chief Captains spake unto them as follows I think it advisable my Friends that we march in this posture imbattled as we are to our Enemies Trenches and let them know we are very desirous to fight them For if upon this they refuse to come forth against us our Men will attaque them with greater Vigour and Courage and they seeing us so resolute and daring will be so much the more disheartned Thus he deliver'd his Opinion Then Cyrus For Heavens sake said he I beseech you Cyaxares let us attempt no such thing For if we should march out now and shew our selves to the Enemy as you advise us they will look upon us with a kind of contempt not fearing us in the least because they know themselves so securely fortified against our Assaults that nothing can hurt them then if we draw off again without effecting any thing they will presently disdain and scorn us seeing us so much inferiour to them in Number and the next Day sally out upon us with greater Resolution and Assurance But as Matters now stand knowing we are so near yet not seeing us believe me they are not forward to despise us but wonder what we mean and I dare assure you we are very much the Subject of their Debates Whereas if they come forth on their own accord it will then behoove us not only to let them see but feel what we are falling upon them immediately in that very Place where we would gladly have fought them before When Cyrus had thus spoke not only All the rest but even Cyaxares himself applauded his Counsel Then after having sup'd the Watch being set and Fires kindled before the Camp they retir'd to their Rest. The next Morning early Cyrus crown'd with a Chaplet came forth to sacrifice commanding the rest of the Persian Nobility to appear in the same dress and attend at the Solemnity These Ceremonies perform'd he spake to the Assembly to this Effect The Gods my Friends as the Sooth-sayers declare and I my self am verily perswaded foreshew a Battel at hand and not only promise us Victory but by the Sacrifices to assure us of Safety Now for me to exhort you how to behave your selves in this juncture I suppose will be needless for I am abundantly satisfied you know that as well as I having already hear'd and study'd and still hearing and practising this no less than my self so that herein you may justly pretend to instruct others But if you are yet to seek if you are yet to be inform'd hearken to me These our new-listed Associates if we have a Zeal to make them like our selves must be put in mind for what end Cyaxares has maintain'd us what kind of Exercises we have been train'd up in to what purpose we have animated and provok'd them to declare themselves ready to share with us the Danger and Fortune of the War You must likewise remember them that this is the Day which will signalize every Man according to his Merits For 't is not to be admir'd at if they that begin late to learn stand in need of one to encourage and advise them But well it is when Men behave themselves valiantly tho quickned thereunto and excited by others Besides your encouraging them will be an evident Proof of your own Worth For he that can upon such Emergencies as these infuse Resolution and Valour into others may very justly believe that he himself is already a most absolute Master of the same But if he be only a Remembrancer to himself and his Monitions have no further Influence he can't reasonably believe but that he is yet half way short of Perfection Upon this Account it is that I don't direct my Discourse to them but leave that Charge wholly to you that they also may endeavour so to acquit themselves as to be approv'd by you For you are near them and converse with them every Man in his proper Station And know this that so long as you convince them that you are bold and couragious so long do you teach them to behave themselves valiantly not by Precept only but Example This Discourse he clos'd up with his Commands that they should sit
confide in these Mens Resolutions though they have been train'd up and exercis'd with us but that I see you ready in your own Persons to give them Examples what they ought to be and also able to inform them wherein they are deficient And to me Crysantas 't is no less wonderful that the graceful Delivery of an Oration should make raw undisciplin'd Men truly valiant than that a tuneful Melody sweetly sung should make them compleat Musicians who are utterly unacquainted with the Art Whilst matters were thus debating Cyaxares sent again to Cyrus to let him know he did very ill to make such delays and blam'd him for not marching directly against the Enemy But Cyrus sent back the Messengers with this Answer Acquaint Cyaxares quoth he that there is not yet a sufficient number of our Enemies come forth of their Camp and this be sure you tell him in the hearing of the whole Army Nevertheless seeing it is his Pleasure I will instantly march This said having first made his Supplications to the Gods he led forth his Army Now when he began to lead them on a great pace he himself marching in the Head of them his Souldiers all follow'd him in Battalia as having by long Experience and Practice perfectly learn'd to keep such Order They march'd on briskly too because there was a kind of Emulation amongst them their Body 's were hardned and inur'd to Travel and all their Leaders were principal Commanders They advanc'd likewise with a great deal of Cheerfulness because they were expert and knowing For they understood well enough what they had learn't long before that it was the easiest and safest way to charge the Enemy close especially if they were Archers Darters or Horsemen Whilst therefore they were yet out of Arrows-shot Cyrus gave them the signal Jupiter our Protector and Leader Which when it had pass'd through the Army and back again to him he began a solemn Hymn to Castor and Pollux in which the whole Host very devoutly bare a part with him singing with a loud Voice For they that at such a juncture are thus superstitiously given stand so much the less in fear of Men. This Solemnity being ended the Nobles march'd on cheerfully together as being perfectly instructed in the Art of War And looking round about one upon another they call'd their Friends and Followers by name encouraging them by the frequent Repetition of these Words now beloved Friends now valiant Fellow Souldiers to bear up briskly against the Enemy Which when they in the Rere heard they likewise animated and exhorted their Leaders to march on boldly So that the whole Army of Cyrus was full of Alacrity Emulation Vigour Resolution Exhortation Temperance and Obedience than which nothing can be a more terrible Sight to an Enemy But of the Assyrian Army those that came first out of their Intrenchment to begin the Battel as soon as the Persian Host drew near mounted their Chariots and retir'd into the main Body Their Archers Darters and Slingers discharged at the Enemy sooner than they could possibly reach them Now when the Persians were so far advanc'd that they trod upon the Enemies Arrows Cyrus said with a loud Voice Most valiant Captains let some one amongst you immediately step forth and by some notable Exploit animate and encourage the rest Which Words passing from them to others some out of a courageous Forwardness and Zeal to fight began to run and were seconded by all the rest of the Army Cyrus also himself forgetting his walking-March ran now at the Head of them crying out Who follows Who is the most daring Who first kills his Man Which the rest hearing did the same So that the whole Army resounded with this pathetick Exhortation Who will follow Who dares be courageous Thus warm'd and excited the Persians fell on and charg'd the Enemy fiercely who not being able to maintain their Ground turn'd their Backs and fled to their Rampiers The Persians pursu'd them closely to the very entrance of their Camp where they slew many of them thronging hard one upon another Those that fell into the Trenches they leap'd down upon them and slew them Horse and Man Some of their Chariots likewise in their flight were forc'd into the Ditches Which when the Median Cavalry perceiv'd they fell furiously upon the Enemies Horse and made them give way Hereupon began a desperate pursuit both of Horse and Men with a mighty slaughter of both The Assyrians within the Camp who were got up to the top of the Rampier had neither Will nor Power to shoot at those that made such Havock of them So dreadful was the Spectacle and so astonish'd were they with Fear Nay presently when they understood some of the Persians had by a breach forcibly entred their Intrenchments they quitted their Posts and fled Now when the Wives of the Assyrians and their Confederates saw them flye even in their own Camp they skrieck'd out and ran up and down like People distracted Matrons as well as Virgins rent their Garments tore their own Flesh and begg'd of those they met with not to run away and leave them helpless but to protect their Children their Wives and themselves At last the Kings also with a Reserve of the most trusty Men they had came to the very entrance of the Camp and mounting the Rampiers both fought themselves in Person and likewise encourag'd others so â—…o do Cyrus understanding what was done and fearing lest if they should violently break in upon them they being inferiour in Number might suffer by them He sounded a retreat commanding them upon their Obedience to draw out of Arrow-shot There one might have seen how admirably the Nobility had been educated For they not only readily obey'd themselves but immediately commanded the rest to do the like And no sooner were they out of the Enemies reach but every man rang'd himself in his proper Place as easily and readily as in any Dance because they all knew perfectly their own Stations The End of the Third Book Xenophon's Institution AND Life of CYRUS the Great BOOK IIII. WHEN Cyrus had kept his Forces together some time and declared that his Men were in a Posture to fight if the Enemy would quit their Trenches which none doing he withdrew his men at such a distance from them as he judg'd convenient for his Purpose When having pitch'd his Camp and set his Watch and sent abroad his Scouts he himself appearing in the midst of them made a Speech to the Souldiers that were assembled to this Effect In the first place I praise the Deities of Persia and I suppose you do the same that we have gained the Victory with safety and security And for this it becomes us to pay our Acknowledgments to the Gods according to our Abilities And for you I cannot but commend you All. For what is pass'd hath been purchased by you very honourably But when I have enquir'd of such as are concern'd
what each hath merited then my Endeavours shall be to proportion Acknowledgments and Rewards to each according to his Rank For Chrysantas's part indeed next in command of the Cohorts to my self I have no need to enquire of others for I my self am Witness how he behav'd himself For all the Services that ye all did he performed and when I called him off by name although he was prepared to attaque the Enemy yet notwithstanding he obey'd my call and left undone what he was about to do to do what he was commanded For he not only drew off his own Forces but gave his Example and my Commands to the rest in such sort as he drew off the Cohorts out of shot of the Arrows before the Enemy could so much as suppose we would retire and yet they could bend their Bows and dart their Javelins at us whence it came that he brought himself and his men off safe by his Obedience Some others of you indeed I discern wounded of whom when I have examined what time they receiv'd their Wounds I shall then deliver my Opinion But for Chrysantas as he is stout and expert in fight and knowing both to command and to obey I shall confer on him at present the Honour of a Tribune and as God shall do better for us we may for him and for you all says he I would have you taught by his Experience for Images of what we have seen pass in this Fight ought always to dwell upon your Minds that so ye may determine with your selves whether you are to maintain your Lives with Honour or by Flight And which do better they who stoutly stand to their Arms or they who basely run away This Pleasure we owe to a Victory For of these things we shall judge best when we have made Tryal and the Scene is yet fresh before our Eyes And as you duly reflect on these things you will commence more experienced Now like Men acceptable to the Gods magnanimous yet moderate furnish out a Banquet sacrifice to the Gods sing Poeans and take care that whatever is commanded may be put in Practice This said he got up on Horse-back and rode to Cyaxares with whom after he had as was fit shared the Pleasure in common between them of mutual Congratulation and had informed himself of what past there and enquired if they had need of him he returned to his Army After which his Souldiers having supped and set their Watch they composed themselves to Rest. But the Assyrians whose Prince fell and with him the Flower of their Force were all in great Dejection many also were the Deserters by Night Which when Craesus and his Companions discovered they were perplexed for all things were in ill Plight But what afflicted them most was that that Nation whose Army had the Van should neither have Force or Counsels left sufficient to maintain it self Therefore betaking themselves to flight they abandoned their Camp by Night As soon as Day once broke and the Desolation in the Enemies Camp was perceiv'd Cyrus strait drew his Forces thither Wherein the Enemy had left many Sheep and Beeves besides many Waggons laden with Provisions Moreover the Medes also who were under the Conduct of Cyaxares all passed over and dined in the Enemies Camp Which once over Cyrus having assembled the Officers of his Cohorts spake to them after this manner What and how great my Souldiers are the Favours which Heaven hath vouchsased us For ye your selves see that even an Apprehension of you hath put the Enemy to flight But they who have deserted a fortified Camp how will they think you be able to stand their Ground when they see us in the Field And they who could not bear the Shock when as yet they had not tryed your Force how will they sustain it now that they are altogether vanquished and reduced by you to many Straits And they of whom the bravest are cut off how shall their Refuse be able to dispute with you Here one interposing Why therefore says he do we delay the pursuit of them when such Encouragements are fairly offered us To whom Cyrus We stand in need of Horse for that Matter says he For the choicest of the Enemy and whom it would be most advantageous to cut off or surprize are retired with their Horse Those indeed by the Gods Assistance we may put to flight but we are not able to take Prisoners in the pursuit Why therefore say they do you not repair to Cyaxares and consult him in the Matter Do you all therefore says he attend me together that he may understand these Motions are with the good liking of us All. They all then attended Cyrus and presented to him what they thought was convenient upon this Occasion Cyaxares partly because he somewhat envied what Advices first came from them partly because he thought he should do better not to expose himself again to Hazard for he then indulged his Pleasure and many of the Medes seemed to do the same answered them in this manner Among other People O Cyrus especially you Persians as I have both heard and seen make it your Aim to avoid the immoderate Use of all Pleasures But for my part it seems to me more expedient that in the free Enjoyment of the greatest Pleasures every one should shew a Moderation But what greater Pleasure can arrive to us at any time than that of good Fortune Which proves to be our Case at this Time If therefore when good Fortune smiles upon us we wisely maintain the same we may perchance grow old in Happiness without intermission But if what we enjoy affords us no satisfaction but we go to pursue good Fortune in all its shapes take care that that be not our Fate which is of many that put to Sea who transported with their good Luck make no end of sayling till they are lost And so in like manner it fares with many Conquerours who greedy of new Victories at length come to lose their share in the old For if our Enemies that are o'er-run were fewer then we it might perhaps be safe to pursue a less Number but I would have you to consider well with how small a part of them we all encountred in fight successfully Those of them who never fought if we force them not to fight through inexperience and sloth will retire without knowing what either we or themselves are able to do But if they esteem themselves in no less danger in their retreat then if they fought beware lest you press them to behave themselves with greater bravery than they intended For you cannot imagine that you are more ambitious of taking Prisoners their Wives and Children than they are of preserving them from being taken For even wild Hogs when once you have set sight on them haste away with their Young be their Herds never so great But let any one of their Young be hunted and the Dam though she be single will
turn back and push the Hunter Now while we are under Covert they give us the Opportunity of drawing forth as out of a Store-house and engaging them with such Bodies as we think good but if we shall encounter them in open Field and they dividing their Force shall hem us in partly on the Front as it hapned even now partly on the right and left Wing and partly in the Rear beware lest each of us have occasion for many Eyes and Hands at once Besides says he indeed I would not oblige the Medes who are indulging their Pleasures to enter upon so hazardous a March Which Words Cyrus taking hold of You would oblige none of them says he but permit me those at least for this Service who would be Volunteers Perchance our return may pay its thanks to you and the rest of your Friends For we purpose not to pursue the gross of the Enemies Forces for what means have we to come up to them But if we meet with any Straglers from the main Body lagging behind as tired in the March those we may return with to you And even you your self are to bear in mind how long a march we undertook at your intreaty that we might perform a thing acceptable to you It is but just therefore that you gratifie us so far in return that we our selves may have some Profit of our Journey and may not all have an Eye to your Coffers To which Cyaxares If any one says he of his own free Will be inclined to follow thee you have my leave to draw him out Send therefore some one of your trusty Fellows to represent your Pleasure Come on says he whomsoever of these you have a mind to take him There was by chance a Mede present who sometime had given out that he was Cyrus Cousin and had been so saluted by him Cyrus therefore forthwith This Man says he suffices me He has good leave says the other let him follow you And do you says he proclaim to all that whoever will may go with Cyrus Cyrus therefore embracing his Men upon his being drawn out strait said Deal now ingenuously did you speak truth when you said the very sight of me fed you with a secret Pleasure Surely said that Mede I will never leave you since you put me in mind of that Then added Cyrus Will you take care to represent this to move the rest of your Companions He calling Jove to witness Most certainly reply'd he till I have effected what will make me welcome to you When therefore he had offered very readily many Encouragements to those Medes that were detached by Cyaxares he added among other things that he would never be wanting to so brave and very lovely a Person and which was above all to one descended from the Gods While these things were managed thus by Cyrus it fell out not without a Divine Providence that Embassadors appeared from the Hyrcanians Now the Hyrcanians are a People bordering upon the Assyrians a Nation indeed of no great extent For which cause they were subject to the Assyrian Yoke but yet good Cavalry they ever were esteemed and are so still Wherefore the Assyrians made use of them in the same Nature as the Spartans of the Scirites employing them constantly in all Fatigues and desperate Services And at this very time they had it in charge to bring up the Reserve which made us to the number of about a thousand Horse So that if any Danger prest them in the Rear they were to receive the Shock And these Hyrcanians who marched in the Rear brought up also their Carriages and Families in the Rear For many of the Asiatick People in their Expeditions use to carry their whole Families along with them which Custom the Hyrcanians also observed in this very Expedition when it came to their Minds what they had suffered from the Assyrians whose Prince was now lost themselves vanquished their whole Army in great Apprehensions their Allies weakned and dispirited As they weighed these things with themselves they thought a fair Opportunity offered in this time of general Defection for Cyrus his Forces together in Conjunction with them to Charge the Enemy They send therefore their Embassadors before to Cyrus to whose Name the Fight had given an extraordinary Reputation They that were employed thus represented to Cyrus the Justice of his Hatred to the Assyrians and that if he would indeed attaque them at present they would be both his Guide and Companions in such an Expedition They also remembred him in what Posture the Affairs of the Enemy were at present omitting nothing which might encourage him to undertake the Expedition But Cyrus demanding of them Whether says he do ye think that we may yet be able to reach them before they are got into their Holds For we reckon this no less than a great overthrow that they have so secretly stole from us These things he said to confirm them in their Confidence in him To which they replyed that it was feisible even the next day to overtake them if upon the approach of the Morning they held themselves ready to march For that the Enemy advanced slowly by reason of their Numbers and their Carriages and because they had watched the foregoing Night therefore they could make no great Progress in their Removes Have ye therefore says he any Pledge to assure us of your Fidelity by which it may appear to us that you have been just in what you have reported We will forthwith say they upon our departure return you Hostages this Night Do you only calling the Gods to witness plight us your Faith and joyn your right Hand with ours that those Assurances you have given us we may transmit to others With these Rites he plighted his Faith upon their Performances of what they promised that he should esteem them in the Rank of his Friends and trusty Allies nor should they be of less value with him than either his Persians or the Medes themselves And at this very instant we may discern that his Faith is kept with the Hyrcanians and that they are no less admitted to Commands then those that appear qualified among the Medes or Persians Cyrus drew out his Forces after their Repast by break of Day and ordered them to wait the coming of the Hyrcanians that so they might march in Conjunction Strait all the Persians as it became them drew out and the like did Tygranes with his Forces Of the Medes some drew out because in their Youth they had begun a Friendship with Young Cyrus others from their Acquaintance with him and his Behaviour which they admired from their Conversations with him in his Huntings Others out of Gratitude to him for freeing them from their Fears Others from a Hope they had conceived because Cyrus so evidently excelled all Men in Vertue therefore also in time he would be very Great and Fortunate Others because they would be something
grateful to him for his Favours shewed on them in his Education among the Medes Many truly for the many good Offices his Goodness had done for them with his Grandfather Many also because they saw the Hyrcanians and a Fame was spread abroad that these were to shew them the way to the best of their Spoiles for that very reason went that they might get by their Journey So it was that almost all the Medes presented themselves excepting those that perhaps were left in Cyaxares his Pavilion For these with those under their Rule stayed behind All the rest with willing and cheerful Minds marched off as those who were not compelled to offer their Services but moved from their own free Will and a Desire of obliging But when they now set forth he first adressed to the Medes and having commended them he intreated the Gods to favour them and them he intreated to be his Captains Then that he might return them his Acknowledgements for their Endeavours He ordered the Foot to march before and them to follow after with the Horse And accordingly as the Army lodged or was posted in their Marches he ordered that Courriers should arrive to give them advice from time to time what Measures they were to take upon every Occasion After this he ordered the Hyrcanians to lead the way But they demanding Why do you not stay say they till we return you Hostages that so you may proceed with Assurance of our Fidility To which Cyrus is said to have made Answer I truly am of Opinion that we have Securities for your Fidelity in our own Hearts and Hands For we think our selves sufficient that we have abundant means in our own Power to recompence you upon Experience of your Truth or if you use Deceit we take our selves to be of that Ability that we are not in the least at your Mercy but you rather at ours if it so please the Gods And for the Hyrcanians because you have told us they march in the Rear as soon as you shall discern them signifie to us that they are your Countrymen that they may taste our Mercy The Hyrcanians having heard this marched before to lead the way as Cyrus had ordered having the Greatness of his Soul in Admiration nor were they any longer in Apprehensions either of the Assyrians the Lydians or the Allies of these only of this lest Cyrus by any means should esteem them of no Importance whether he had their Assistance or not Now when they marched and that Night came on it seemed to Cyrus and the Army that a great Light as it were from Heaven opened to them which humbled them to a Veneration of the Deity and raised in them a Confidence towards their Enemies And because it is but just to believe that considering the Dispatch and Expedition of their March they had proceeded a great way they were together with the Evening not far removed from the Hyrcanian Troops This when their Courriers once discovered they brought News to Cyrus that those were their Countrymen This too he himself might be able to judge of both because they were posted in the Rear and from the blaze of their Fires Then he dispatching one of these to them ordered him to tell them if they were indeed his Friends they should strait present themselves all with their right Hands raised aloft Some also of his own he joyned with them to whom he gave in charge that they should let the Hyrcanians know that he and his should demean themselves towards them as they saw them enclined towards them Thus one Messenger of theirs remained with Cyrus at the same time another was dispatch'd to the Hyrcanians But in the mean time while Cyrus was to expect what Measures the Hyrcanians would take he ordered the Army to make a Halt Then Tygranes and the Princes of the Medes being brought to him he demanded what was to be done To whom he spake thus This next says he is the Troop of Hyrcanians to whom one of the Courriers is dispatch'd and together with him some of ours to signifie to them that if they are our Friends indeed all of them should meet us with their right Hands lifted up on high Wherefore if they accord to this Condition let every one of you in his Place embrace them with your right Hands and so give assurance to them But if they should make ready their Arms or prepare for flight let it be your Endeavours that none of these Enemies escape To this Effect were Cyrus's Commands In the mean time upon hearing the Courriers the Hyrcanians were filled with Joy and getting up nimbly on their Horses presented and stretched out their Hands for the Signal which the Medes and Persians in return receiv'd them with their right Hands and gave them Assurance Then Cyrus We truly says he have a Confidence in you Hyrcanians and it becomes you in like manner to have the same in us But acquaint us in the first Place how far is the Place off where the Head-quarters and entire Forces are They replyed that the distance was somewhat greater then a Mile from thence To which Cyrus Go you then says he ye Persians Medes Hyrcanians for now even you also I style my Friends and Allies you ought to understand that our Affairs are in such a Posture as if we proceed remisly and with slackness extraordinary Mischiefs may betide us For our Enemies cannot be ignorant of the Cause of our coming But if pushing with all our force we shall with due Courage and Bravery attaque the Enemy they will strait appear in the fashion of Slaves and Fugitives who are found some to turn Supplicants others to run away others not to have so much Resolution left them as to run For the vanquished will behold us c're yet they can persuade themselves into a belief of our coming They will be surprized in no Martial Order and wholly unprepared to fight Wherefore if we will sup sweetly and give this Night to our selves and live afterwards we must not leave them any leisure either of consulting or of providing ought that they may have occasion for nay nor indeed of so much as reflecting that we are Men but rather that they may imagine that hurdles and hunting-Spears and Axes and Strokes and Wounds are their Lot And for you Hyrcanians said he I would have you still proceed to keep your Order in the first Rank before us by which means your Cognisances being discern'd a far off at a good distance we may impose upon the Enemy But when I shall arrive where the Forces of the Enemy are leave me a Band of Horse which I continuing with the Army may employ as there shall be Occasion But you who are Princes and old Commanders proceed keeping your Ranks unbroken if you are wise lest whilst you spread wide against the gathered Forces of the Enemy you should be forcibly repulsed Give the Youth the Opportunity of charging and doing
to Hazards that they may not be unprovided of Necessaries upon their return this way of Dining in my Opinion truly will make us much better Chear than if we should address immediately to gratifie our Palates This truly I would have you bear in Mind although you should entertain no thoughts of them that yet nevertheless nothing ought to be shunned more by you then Ryot and Excess For as yet we have not compleated what we intended but all being now on the very point of a Precipice call for our utmost Endeavours For we have yet an Enemy in the Field in number much superior to us and yet at Liberty to act against us over whom it becoms us to keep a watchful Eye and to make use of them that we may not want those that may provide us Necessaries Our Horse besides are wanting for whom we are in pain what may become of them and if they return safe cannot subsist with us Wherefore truly in my Opinion we are to make such chear at present as every one in his Opinion may judge equally removed from the proceeding extreams of Sleep and Debauches I know also full well that in these Tents there is lodged good store of Treasure whereof I am not ignorant it may so fall out that we make our selves masters as we please so as still we share it in common with those that are Partners with us in the Spoil But yet I conceive that it will not turn to so great Advantage to us if we seize on them as if we shew our selves just to them by which means we may gain this point that they may embrace us with less suspition then before Besides I am of Opinion that the sharing of the Spoil is to be permitted to the Medes the Hyrcanians and Tygranes upon their coming up to us and if they should afford us a smaller share even that is to be reckoned our Advantage For these Advantages will invite them to stay with us more willingly And for us truly at this time to have an Eye to our own Advantage will procure us less durable Riches Wherefore waving these let us provide our selves of that which Riches are built on which truly in my Opinion may establish to us and all ours more lasting Treasures Besides that I suppose we have been accustomed at home to moderate the Pleasures of the Palate and of excessive gain that so we may conveniently taste the Enjoyments of both when Occasion requires Now upon what Occasions we can give an Instance of this Moderation better then the Present truly for my part I see not This was Cyrus his Speech to which Hystaspes the Persian one of the Commanders of the first Rank gave Approbation in these Words to this Effect What an Absurdity would it be O Cyrus if we who to maintain the Chace ordinarily abridge our selves of eating in prospect only of the Prey and that perhaps of no great value and now that we are in Chace of Substantial Honour and Riches if we should suffer any such things to be an impediment to us as indeed are the impedious Masters over the base but yet are in subjection to great and generous Souls it ought not therefore to be once supposed that any thing which is so unworthy of us should ever be imputed to us In this manner Hystaspes approved the Opinion of Cyrus to which he had the Consent of all the Rest. To which Cyrus added Come on then says he since in this point the Opinion of all you is the same Send every one of you out of his Band five men of the graver sort who riding about the Tents may encourage them whom they observe to make due Provision of Necessaries and to reflect upon those that are remiss with as little reserve as if they had Authority over them Which things they did accordingly But of the Medes part lighting on the Waggons laden with Necessaries for the Army which sometime since past the Enemies Tents after they had obliged them to return and come up to them were carried in them Part brought back to their Tents such Waggons as they had intercepted with the finest Women which being their lawful Wives or their Concubines the Souldiers had brought with them to the War for the sake of their Beauty For the Asiaticks when they enter upon their Expeditions so undertake them even at this Day that they take with them things of the greatest value For they say for themselves that they are greedier of fighting when those things are in sight which they hold most dear as if a Necessity thereby was laid upon them of defending them with more Resolution And perhaps the Case stands so indeed or else perhaps it is so pretended to excuse their Pleasures Cyrus after he had been Witness of the Exploits of the Medes and Hyrcanians seemed a little displeased with himself and his that others at this instant seemed Superior to them in Vigour and to make their Acquests while they lay out of the way of exercising their skill For they who returned home with Spoil having presented to Cyrus what they brought marched back strait in quest of the Enemy For which course they pleaded the Orders of their several respective Officers These things though they galled Cyrus yet he reserved their Spoils in a convenient Place But summoning at length his Head-Officers together when he had so placed himself that what he said might be heard of all he thus delivered himself I suppose my Friends you reflect of what importance it is for all the Persians to be accomodated with all Necessaries and we especially as it is reason by whose assistance all is gotten if we truly would be Masters of what we see exposed to view But by what means we may arrive to be Masters of the like Treasure since we have not strength sufficient to acquire it unless the Persians had Horse of their own I for my part understand not For I would have you still to bear in mind says he that we Persians are abundantly supplied with those Arms with which when we come close with the Enemy we may be enabled to put them to flight But when they once are put to flight what either Horse-men or Archers or Targetteers or Slingers can we either cut in pieces or take Prisoners when we are unprovided of Horse for the Pursuit On the other side who of them should fear to charge us and with what Mischiefs may they plague us whether it be their Bow-men their Slingers or their Horse-men when they are assured they shall have no more Annoyance from us then from so many rows of rooted Trees Which things when they are so is it not plain that those Horse-men who were with you but now will reckon upon all this Plunder as no less their own then Ours Nay perhaps much more their own then ours since of Necessity this was not acquired but by their Horse Now then if we shall provide our selves with Horse not
round about Gadatas being but a little way off from these Villages sent out some to spy the Country The Assyrian perceiving it Order'd two or three Chariots with a few Horse-men to fly from them as if they were afraid and their number but very small Assoon as the spies took notice of this they not only Persued themselves but gave a sign to Gadatas to do the like He gull'd with this Pretence follows on with all the eagerness imaginable The Assyrians when they thought they had Gadatas sure rise immediately from their Ambush Upon this Gadatas his Men fled and the other partly Persu'd In the Persuit he that laid this Ambush for Gadatas wounded him in the Shoulder but not mortally As soon as he had don 't he rode off and joyn'd himself with the rest of the Persuers Where assoon as ever he was known riding on briskly with the Assyrians he assisted the King in the Persuit And here those who had but slow Horses were taken by them who were better mounted The Horse of Gadatas were now in a great strait being almost quite run off their leggs when by good Fortune they saw Cyrus coming with his Army This you must needs think was as welcome a sight to them as the Haven to weather-beaten Sea-men Cyrus was at first startled at the strangeness of the accident but assoon as he understood the business as long as the Enemy attacked them he led on his Army against them But assoon as the Enemy finding which way the wind stood began to retreat Cyrus sent out a company fit for the purpose to persue them and he himself follow'd on with some others as far as he thought convenient Here they took some of their Chariots and killed a great many of their Men and among the rest him that wounded Gadatas But the Assyrian foot who were laying siege to the Castle of Gadatas partly secured themselves within the Works partly betook themselves to a certain great City of the Assyrian King whither he himself also with his Chariots and Horses had fled After these Transactions Cyrus retreats into the Country of Gadatas and committing the care of the Prisoners to those who were deputed for that Office he marches directly on toward Gadatas to see how he did of his wound As he was in his march Gadatas meets him with his wound bound up whom assoon as Cyrus saw I was coming says he smiling to see how you did do And I reply'd Gadatas on the other side was coming to see you that I might once more behold that face where such a great Soul lodges For though you stand in need of me in nothing that I know nor have obliged your self by promise nor been at all ingaged to me by any kindness unless this must go for one that I seem'd to do a small piece of service to your friends yet you have afforded me your assistance with all readiness and alacrity I protest to you Cyrus were I in the condition that I was born in and had Children of my own I question whether one of my own Sons would have been so kindly affected towards me For I know how â—…is with other Children and particularly that this very Assyrian King has been an occasion of more trouble to his own Father then he can be now to you Then said Cyrus Gadatas you spend all your Admiration upon me and pass by a greater wonder unobserv'd And what 's thaâ—… says Gadatas That so many Persians so many Medes Hyrcanians Armenians Sacians and Cadusians came to your aid Then said Gadatas may Heaven showr down plenty of blessings upon all these and on him that gain'd me their good will But that we may bestow a handsome Collation on these which you so commend take these Presents such as they are which I here make you With that he brought forth good store of good things that those who were so disposed might do sacrifice and that the whole Army might have a splendid entertainment according to the greatness of their Exploits and the happy success of the day But now Cadusius who brought up the Arrear being minded to do something notable himself in regard he was no partner in the Persuit made an Excursion into the Country near Babylon never acquainting Cyrus with his Design And when his Horse was all in disorder the Assyrian King came unexpectedly upon him from the Citty where he took refuge with his Army rang'd into good Order And perceiving the Cadusians to be alone he set upon them and kill'd their Leader with many others He took also a great many of their Horses and the Prey which they then had accidentally with them The Assyrians having Persued the Cadusians as far as they thought they might with safety retreated The Cadusians which escaped came home to their Tents about the Evening Cyrus when he had an account of the adventure came forth to meet the Cadusians and whomsoever he saw wounded he took and sent him to Gadatas that he might be cured The rest he put together in the same Tents where he took special care that they might have what was necessary This sad accident Cyrus took so much to heart that when the rest were at Supper he with the attendants and Physicians left no man neglected with their good will but either he himself would stand and look on or if he could not do so he would send those who should attend upon them After this they betook themselves to their rest But assoon as it was day he ordered a Proclamation to be made that of the rest the Commanders only but that all the Cadusians should convene together to whom he made this Oration The Accident which has befallen us fellow-Souldiers is but what Humane Nature is Subject to For that men should be guilty of an errour is no such strange matter However this accident has taught us one good lesson That a party which is not able to cope with the Enemy must never venture to stray from the Body of the Army I do not say but that a man may go out whither he has occasion with a less Company then Cadusius ventured out with but then I would have him Communicate his resolution to one that his able to help him And even then 't is possible he may be disappointed but withall 't is also possible that he may cheat the Enemy with a reserve behind and divert them from Persuing his Emissaries Besides he may find some work or other to keep the Enemy employ'd and so secure his friends And thus a Party may make an Excursion and yet not be absent but still depend upon the strength of the Army But he that makes private sallys out and tells no body whither he goes 't is all one as if he made an Expedition alone But for this execution we will be reveng'd upon our Enemies ere long God willing Assoon as ever you have dined therefore I will lead you to the place which
kiss him but wept in open view Then Cyrus commanded all the rest to withdraw and be silent and he himself taking Cyaxares by the hand led hin a little aside under some Palm Trees where ordering some Median Blankets to be put under Foot he sate close by him and begun thus with him I conjure you my Unkle by all that is sacred to tell me on what account you are angry with me What is it that you see here that so troubles you To this Cyaxares made this answer Because whereas the Ancestours from whom I am descended have been Kings time out of mind whereas I had a King to my Father and I my self am also accounted a King yet I see my self in such a mean Equipage and you appear here in such Magnificence with my Servants and other Forces And this in my opinion is hard to take at the hands of an Enemy but much more grievous to suffer by those from whom I least expected it In earnest I think it better to be ten times buried under Ground then to appear so vile and contemptible and see my self neglected and made the scorn of my Souldiers For I am not ignorant that not only you are greater then I but that my own Servants meet me with a stronger Equipage then I have with me so that they are better able to hurt me then I them At the speaking of which words he was again overcome with Tears So that he brought even Cyrus himself to that pass that his Eyes stood full of Water But when he had a little controul'd his Passion he address'd himself thus to him Indeed my Cyaxares you are under a great Mistake if you think the Medes are therefore in such a Posture whereby they are enabled to do you any Mischief because they are with me I do not much wonder that you are angry and that you are distrustful But whether you have just Grounds for it or no I shall enquire Because I know you will not take it well if you should hear me turn their Advocate But to deal freely with you 't is a great piece of Imprudence for any Governour to be angry with all his Subjects at once For when many are afraid many will of necessity turn Enemies besides to be angry with all is the ready way to make all band together into a Conspiracy And I would have you know that 't was for this very reason that I would not return these men to you again without coming with them my self because I was afraid lest any thing should happen through your displeasure which might occasion Grief to us all Therefore you need not fear any Danger from these while I am here present But whereas you think you have sustain'd much wrong from me I cannot chuse but be mightily troubled if while I endeavour to the utmost to oblige and pleasure my Friends I shall be thought to do quite contrary But to what purpose is it thus rashly to charge one another Rather if it be possible let us understand clearly what manner of Injury it is that I have done you And I think this is a very just Proposal among Friends For if it appear that I have done any ill I will own my self unjust But if it shall appear that I am guilty of nothing ill not so much as in thought will not you also confess that you have not been injured by me That truly is but reason reply'd the other But in case it appear that I have been the Author of good to you and that I have been Industrious to heap as many kindnesses upon you as I could will you not think I deserve rather to be commended then blamed And good reason I should say'd the other Well then says Cyrus let us examine all the particulars of what I have done and so we shall know what there is of good in them and what of evil In the first place then when you understood that a great Multitude of your Enemies were banded together against you and had made an inrode into your Country immediately you sent to the Persians in common for assistance and to me in particular desiring that I would come my self and that if any of the Persian Forces were willing to assist you I would head them And did not I comply with you in this did not I come did not I bring with me as numerous and as good an Army as I could 'T is true you did so Then tell me in the first place was I Injurious to you in this particular or beneficial 'T is plain say'd Cyaxares that you were beneficial To proceed then when the Enemy was arrived and opposition was to be made against them did you then take notice that I spar'd any labour or shrunk from any danger No truly I did not When again by the favour of Heaven we got the Victory and the Enemy retreated and I desired you that we might joyn our Forces in the Persuit and execution of them and that whatever happen'd either good or bad we might share alike in it can you in any of these tax me with selfishness or that I was over and above Studious of my own interest To this Cyaxares made no reply Then said Cyrus again well since you think silence in this point is the best answer did you take it as an injury that when it seem'd not safe for you to Persue I would not suffer you to hazard your Person but desired you to let me have some of your Horse Did I do you any injury in asking this of you especially since I had before been an Assistant to you in the fight this I would fain have made out To which when Cyaxares made no answer Cyrus went on But since you will neither answer to this tell me Cyaxares was I injurious to you because when you told me you would not take off the Medes from their Merriment which you saw them ingaged in by employing them in an hazardous Persuit I would not give way to any resentment but afterwards renew'd the same request to you then which nothing less could be granted by you to me and nothing easier be imposed upon the Medes For I only ask'd you to give me those who were willing to follow me And when I had a grant I did nothing but by perswasion So that I came to them won upon them by perswading them took them and so departed and all this by your permission And if I am to be blamed for this then 't will be a fault to take any thing that you give me This was the manner of our setting out And when we were gon what was there done by us that is not known to all Were not the Tents of the Enemy taken Were not the greater part of those slain who came against you Did we not take away from those that remain'd alive their Horses and their Arms And as for the fortunes of those that heretofore invaded your possessions you see them now in
have my friends by the favour of the Gods obtain'd what we chiefly wish'd for For where ever we go we are Victorious We see the Enemy in the Wain and our selves in the Encrease Wherefore if those who are already come to us will continue with us we shall be able to go through with more undertakings whether we are to use Violence or Perswasion Therefore 't is your concern as much as mine to endeavour to prevail with the Major part of our Fellow-Souldiers to tarry with us Now as in a fight he that takes most is counted the best man So he that in debate brings most over to our side ought to be accounted the most Eloquent and Prudent Man Neither would I have you ambitious of shewing to us what Rhetorick you use with every one of them but endeavour so to deal with them that they may shew how you have gain'd upon them by their actions This therefore I commit to your Care My business shall be to see the Souldiers furnish'd with Provisions and that a Consultation be had about an Expedition XENOPHON'S INSTITUTION AND LIFE OF CYRUS the GREAT THE SIXTH BOOK WHen they had thus spent the day and Supp'd they betook themselves to their rest The next day after in the morning all the Souldiers Convened together at Cyaxares his Gate Now while Cyaxares upon the report of a great multitude gather'd together at his Gate was dressing himself some of Cyrus his friends brought to him the Cadusians petitioning him that he would stay some the Hyrcanians one Gobryas and another Sacas Hystaspas brought Gadatas the Eunuch desiring the same favour of Cyrus Then Cyrus knowing that Gadatas was long since almost dead for fear lest the Army should be disbanded say'd to him with a smile 't is plain now that Hystaspas put you in the Head to ask this of me Whereupon Gadatas lifting up his Hands to Heaven protested solemnly that he was not perswaded to it by Hystaspas but I know says he if you go away I shall be utterly undon And 't was upon that consideration that I went to him to ask him what was your mind concerning the disbanding of the Army Then it seems say'd Cyrus I blame Hystaspas undeservedly yes truly reply'd Hystaspas For on the contrary I disswaded Gadatas and told him 't was impossible you should stay because you were sent for by your Father How says Cyrus did you dare to tell him so whether I would or no Yes indeed for I know you are impatiently desirous to ride up and down Persia in Pomp and give your Father a particular account of all your brave exploits And are not you says Cyrus desirous of returning home too No says Hystaspas I 'll stay here and perform the Office of a Commander till I have made this Gadatas Master of the Assyrian While they were thus seriously jesting Cyaxares came forth adorn'd in his Robes of State and seated himself on the Median Throne And when all whose presence was needful were assembled together and silence proclaim'd Cyaxares deliver'd his mind to this purpose Since I am here present Fellow-Souldiers and am elder then Cyrus it may be proper for me to speak first I think it high time to deliberate whether it be most for our advantage to carry on the War or to disband the Army Concerning this point therefore let some Body or other give his Opinion Whereupon Hyrcanius first began I know not says he what need there is of many Words when the matter is so clear For we all know that when we are all together in a body we do more damage to the Enemy then we receive But when we were sever'd one from another we found by sad experience that they dealt with us as they pleased Then Cadusins to what purpose says he should we go home and every one live by himself when as we find now we are in a posture of Arms 't is not convenient for us to be asunder I 'm sure we Cadusians paid severely for offering to stray from the Body of the Army though but for a little while Then Artabazus who call'd himself the Kinsman of Cyrus for my part says he I dissent thus far from all that have spoken before me They say that we ought to stay here in a military posture But I say I was continually in an Expedition even while I was at home For I oftentimes afforded my assistance both when our goods were plunder'd and our Castles besieged treacherously besides my care of the Garrison and all this I did at my own charge But now I am possess'd of their Castles and am not at all afraid of them and eat and drink of the Enemies Provisions Since therefore my Domestic Life was a warfare and my military Life a continual feast I would not by any means the Army should be disbanded Then said Gobryas I cannot chuse Fellow Souldiers but commend the performances of Cyrus's hand for he has been wanâ—…ing in nothing that he promised But if he should leave this Countrey it is plain in the first place that the Assyrian will be at rest nor suffer punishment for those injuries which he has endeavoured to do to you nor those which he has in effect don to me And besides I shall be sure to be plagued by him for fiding with you Neither am I ignorant say'd Cyrus last of all that if we disband the Army our Forces will be weaken'd and the Enemy strengthen'd For whosoever of them had their Arms or Horses taken from them will quickly get a new supply of each and others will spring up in the room of those that were slain so that without a miracle they may again find us employment Why therefore did I advise Cyaxares to call a Council about disbanding the Army Truly because I was afraid of what is behind For I see marching up towards us such Adversaries which we cannot incounter if we incamp here The Winter is coming on apace and tho' we have Houses for our selves yet we have not for our Horses nor our Servants nor for our common Souldiers without whom we cannot fight the Enemy And then as for our Provision as far as we have come we have spent it all and where we have not 't was carryed into the Works for fear So that the Enemy has fast hold of that and will in spight of our Teeth Who then is so Couragious who so strong as to incounter hunger and cold If this then be like to be the Condition of a Military Life 't is better in my judgment willingly to disband the Army then against our wills to be broken with hardship and indigence But if you are resolv'd to hold out in this warfare our best way will be to endeavour forthwith to take away as many fortify'd places from the Enemy as we can and to fortify more for our selves For if we take that course they will be best stock'd with Provision who hoard up what they take from the
him Cyrus says he you are ever like your self that is merciful and apt to pardon Humane frailties But yet other men overwhelme me with grief for ever since the noise of this accident has been spread about my Enemies triumph upon my misery and my friends advise me to abscond lest you punish me for the great wrong I have don you Then say'd Cyrus know Araspas that by this common opinion of the World concerning you you may have an opportunity of doing me a great kindness and your Fellow-Souldiers much good Would I could replied Araspas be again any way serviceable to you Why if you will pretend that you fly from me and joyn your self to the Enemy I fancy you will easily be believ'd Truly says Araspas I am confident â—…twill be rumour'd about by my friends that I fly from you Then says Cyrus you may return to us again and inform us how matters stand with the Enemy For I am confident they will trust you so far as to make you privy to all their Counsels and designs so that you may be ignorant of nothing that we desire to know Well then says Araspas I will e'ne go without any more ado For this one thing will be enough to render my coming unsuspected that I shall be supposed to have turn'd Renegade for fear of you But can you find in your Heart to leave the fair Panthea Truly Cyrus I am sure now I have two Souls This Philosophy I have just now learnt from my cruel Master love For if I had but one only Soul it would not be at once good and bad nor at the same time love honest things and filthy things nor at once will to do and not to do the same But 't is plain we have two Souls and when the good Soul gets the upper hand we undertake honest Actions but when the evil Soul bears sway we do evil But now since my good Soul is further'd by your assistance it has much the better of the other Well then says Cyrus if you are resolv'd to go you must so contrive your business that you may be the more believ'd I would have you tell them what we are doing and so order your story that what you shall say may hinder them from doing what otherwise they would do And the way to do that is to tell them that we are preparing to make an inrode somewhere upon their Country For if they hear of that they will not collect the strength of their Forces all into one place since every one will be concern'd for the safety of his own House I would have you also spend a considerable time with them For 't will be much for our interest to know what they do when they are at a little distance from us And besure you advise them to set their Army in battel array after their best method For they will be sure to observe the same order after you are gone from them which you saw when you were there For they will be afraid to alter their postures neither can they do it on a suddain without much disorder Araspas being thus lesson'd took a few trusty Servants with him and went his way Now when Panthea heard that Araspas was gone she sent a message to Cyrus to this effect Don't trouble your self Cyrus because Araspas is revolted to the Enemy for if you will give me leave to send for my Husband I 'l undertake you shall have a friend of much more fidelity then Araspas and besides I know he will come to you with as many Forces with him as he can bring For the Father of this King that now Reigns was his great friend but he that is now in the Throne endeavour'd to separate me and my Husband from each other And therefore I am sure that since he has had experience of his insolence he will come over to such a man as you are with all his Heart When Cyrus heard this he bad her send to her Husband which she did Now when Abradatas knew his Wives Zeal and perceived also how other things stood he with all readiness and joyfulness came over to Cyrus with about two thousand Horse with him Assoon as he arrived as far as the place where the Persian Spies were he sends away to Cyrus and signifies who he was Cyrus gave order immediately that the Man should be conducted to his Wife Assoon as they saw each other they embraced with all the passionate indearments that were proper for such an unexpected meeting Then Panthea gave him a relation how piously temperately and mercifully Cyrus had behaved himself towards her which when Abradatas heard what shall I do my Panthea says he to express my gratitude to Cyrus both on your account and my own I know no better way reply'd she then that you endeavour to behave your self towards him as he has toward you After this Abradatas came into Cyrus's presence whom assoon as ever he saw taking him by the hand the greatest return says he which I can make you for those favours wherewith you have so obliged us is that I here present my self to you as your friend your Servant and your Fellow-Souldier What ever you undertake you shall be sure of the best assistance which I can afford you And I replyed Cyrus accept of your service but I will dismiss you for the present that you may Sup with your Wife Henceforward you shall make use of my Tent with your friends and mine After this Abradatas observing that Cyrus was mightily taken up with his Chariots that bore Sithes and his Horse and Horsemen that were arm'd with Brest-Plates he provided an hundred Chariots made after the same fashion and he himself led them riding in a Chariot of his own which was so hung that it had four draught Trees and eight Horses His Lady Panthea out of her own store made him a Golden Breast-Plate a Golden Helmet and likewise Coverings for his Arms. His Coach-horses were adorn'd all over with Brass Trappings And thus was Abradatas employed Cyrus taking notice of his Chariot with four draught Trees perceiv'd 't was possible to make one with eight that so it might be drawn with eight yoke of Oxen And this Chariot stood three ells from the Ground He thought if these great Towers followed with his ranks 't would be a great strengthning to the Body of his Army and a great disadvantage to the Enemy In every one of these Chariots he made Towers and Fortifications and in every Tower he placed twenty Men. But when all the work that belong'd to the Towers was finish'd he made tryal of the drawing them And he found that those eight yokes would much more easily draw a Tower with the Souldiers in it then one yoke its single carriage For the lading of one yoke us'd to amount to the weight of twenty five Talents But now whereas each Tower was about the thickness of a Tragick Scene and bore twenty men apiece
with their Arms every yoke had not so much as fifteen Talents weight to its share Now when he perceiv'd that these Chariots might be driven with small labour he prepared to lead on against the Enemy with his Towers and his Army For he thought the desire of bettering ones Condition a very just and prosperous thing in War About this time some Embassadours came from India who brought money to Cyrus and a Letter from the Indian King to this effect I take it very kindly Cyrus that you would acquaint me with your wants I am willing there should be an intimacy betwixt us in token whereof I send you this money Besides I have commanded those that bring this to you to do what ever you bid them Which when Cyrus had read my pleasure is says he that some of you remain in the Tents which you have lodg'd in and guard this money and live as pleasantly as you can And that three of you go to the Enemy pretending that you come from the Indian King to treat about a league and when you know in what posture things are with them bring me and the Indian word assoon as may be both what they say and do If you will be serviceable to me in this I shall take it as a greater kindness then the money which you brought me For as for spies they like Servants can bring intelligence of nothing but what is known to all But such men as you oftentimes have the luck to know even their Cabinet-Counsels The Indians after they heard this and were nobly entertain'd by Cyrus departed the next day engaging themselves under an oath to return assoon as ever they had sufficiently inform'd themselves concerning the state of the Enemy Now when Cyrus had made Preparation for the War in a very magnificent manner as indeed he was a man that did nothing meanly he did not only busy himself about those things which his Fellow-Souldiers thought fit to be don but kindled an ambition among his friends who should appear best arm'd best skill'd in riding and throwing of a Dart and best able to endure hardship and labour And this he did by leading them out ahunting and by honouring those who excell'd Moreover if he observ'd any Commanders that made it their business to improve their Souldiers he encouraged them partly by commending thâ—… partly by gratifying them in what he could And if at any time he did Sacrifice or celebrated a festival he instituted warlike Games and exercises and confer'd great rewards on the Victors So that there was a great deal of joy and content in the Army Cyrus had now almost finished all things in order to his Expedition except the Engins For the number of the Persian Horse was now improved to ten thousand And there was about an hundred Chariots that bore Sithes of his own making besides so many more which Abradatas the Susan made in imitation of them Cyrus also perswaded Cyaxares to change his Median Chariots from the Trojan and Libyan form to the same fashion And these made up another hundred Besides there were Souldiers chosen out for the Camels two Archers for each And which was the Crown of all the greatest part of the Army was of such a resolv'd mind as if they had already overcome and as if they thought they had to do with a very inconsiderable Enemy But when the Indians which Cyrus sent as spies were return'd from the Enemy and brought word that they had made choice of Craesus for their Commander and that 't was order'd that all the assisting Kings should come with their whole Forces and bring a great quantity of Riches with them which should be spent partly in hiring Souldiers partly in bestowing gifts as occasion required Besides that a great many Thracians were already hired who wore long Swords That the Egyptians also were landed about an hundred and twenty thousand in number with Helmets reaching down to their Feet and huge Spears such as are now also in use among them and falchions That the Cyprians also and all the Cilicians both the Phrygians Lycaonians Paphlagonians Cappadocians Arabians Phaenicians Assyrians and Ionians with the King of Babylon the Aeolensians and almost all the Grecians that dwell in Asia were listed under the Conduct of Craesus And that he had sent Embassadours into Lacedaemonia for more help That the Army incamp'd by the River Pactolus and that they were about to march towards Thybarra where now also the Barbarians of the lower Syria who are under the Kings Jurisdiction use to incamp and that 't was proclaimed that the public Market for all saleable Commodities should be kept there and when all this was confirm'd by the report of the Slaves for't was the aim of Cyrus to take some Captives from whom he might pump out something he also sent out spies under the disguise of Slaves and Renegades when Cyrus his Army heard all this every one began to be concern'd as indeed they might well enough and all of them march'd on more silently then they used to do and a great many of them seem'd very much damp'd Moreover they parcell'd themselves out into Companies and every place was full of discoursings about this News Cyrus perceiving the infection to spread call'd together the Commanders and all others whose Fear or Courage might have any influence upon the Army He gave order also to the Officers that if any of the Common-Souldiers was minded to hear him they should not keep them off When they were convened together he spoke to this effect I call'd you here together my Fellow-Souldiers because I observ'd that some of you were like men astonish'd upon the hearing of the News brought from the Enemy Indeed I cannot but wonder that you are so much affrighted to hear that the Enemy are in a Body since our number is greater now then when we overcame them and by the help of Heaven we are better provided now then before So that I think you have more reason to chear up then despond If you are so much out of heart at this what would you have done had you been told that the Enemy was come to fight against you arm'd with your own Provisions Had you been told that those who had conquer'd you once before were now come again with Victory in their minds and that those who had broken the assaults of the Archers were now come again with many more like themselves And that as then they worsted our foot so they were come provided to engage with our Horse and that laying aside their Bows and Darts they were resolv'd to ride up so close as to fight Hand to Hand with Javelins That they were come with Chariots not made opportune for flight as before but that their Horses were arm'd all over in the Chariots and that the drivers of them stood in Wooden Towers having all the eminent parts of their Body cover'd with Coats of Male and Helmets that Hooks of
fight If you think you stand yet in need of any thing more let me know what ' t is For I hope by the help of Heaven we shall not be driven to any streights If any one has any thing to say let him speak But if not go to your prayers and when you have pray'd to the Gods to whom we offer'd Sacrifice betake your selves to your ranks And be sure to remember every one of you what instructions you have received from me and by the manliness of your behaviour Countenance and Speech approve your selves to be worthy of Command before your respective Charges XENOPHON'S INSTITUTION AND LIFE OF CYRUS the GREAT THE SEVENTH BOOK WHen therefore they had pray'd to the Gods they went to their ranks And Cyrus with his attendants had Meat and Drink brought them while he was doing Sacrifice He dined in a standing posture and distributed to every one always as he needed And when he had done Sacrifice again and pray'd he drank himself and those that were with him After this praying to Jupiter the God of his Country that he would vouchsafe them his guidance and Protection he mounted his Horse and commanded those that were next him to do so too Now all those that were about Cyrus were arm'd after the same manner that he was Every one had his Scarlet Coat his Brazen Breast-Plate and Helmet White Crest Sword and Javelin Their Horses were arm'd with the like Brazen Frontlets Breast-Plates and Side-Peices And they had also the same coverings for their Thighs The only difference was this that whereas the others Arms were dipt with Gold-Colour Cyrus his did shine like a Looking-Glas Af er he was on Horseback and stood still a little to look about which way he was to go it Thunder'd luckily on the left hand Whereupon he said we will follow thee great Jupiter And forthwith he began his march Chrysantas the Commander of the Horse leading the right Wing and Arasambas the Commander of the Foot the left He bad them have an eye to the Colours and follow after with an even pace His Ensign was a Golden Eagle display'd upon a long Spear And this same Ensign is retained by the King of Persia to this day But before he came within Ken of the Enemy he refreshed his Army three times After they had march'd about twenty Furlongs they began to have a glimps of the Enemy making up against them Now when they were both in view of one another the Enemy's design was to compass the adverse Body on both sides And accordingly they stopp'd their own because otherwise they could not do it and so winded about to intercept the Enemy in the middle that so ranging their Army in the Figure of the Letter γ they might fight on all sides Which altho' Cyrus took notice of yet he made no stop but lead on as he did before But when he observ'd that they took a large compass about do you mind Chrisantas says he how they bend off Yes says Chrysantas neither do I much wonder at it for in my mind they draw off their Wings a great way from their Body So they do says Cyrus and a great way from ours too And why so because says he they are affraid lest if they should bring their Wings nearer their Body being so remote we should set upon them But then says Chrysantas how will they be able to help one another when they are so far distant Why 't is plain says Cyrus that when their Wings are got just opposite to the sides of our Army they will close as it were into a Body and fall upon us on every side And do you take this to be such a good peice of Policy says Chrysantas Yes truly with respect to what they see but as to that which they do not see 't were better they came on directly against us But do you Arsamas lead on the Foot leasurely as you see me go before And do you Chrysantas follow after at the same rate with the Horse And I for my part will make toward that place which I think fittest to engage in And as I go I will consider how to make the best of every thing Assoon as I am come thither and we are upon the point to engage I will begin a shout and then do you follow You will easily know when we are at it by the Tumult and then Abradatas shall break in upon them with his Chariots Do you follow as close to the Chariots as you can for by this means we shall fall in upon the Enemy when they are greatly disordered And I my self will be ready at hand and by the help of Heaven persue them with all speed When he had thus spoken and given this to be the Word Jupiter our Saviour and our Guide he march'd on And as he was between the Chariots and the Souldiers arm'd with Coats of Male as often as he look'd upon any in the Ranks he would sometimes say How pleasant is it Souldiers to behold your Faces And sometimes again to others do you consider Souldiers that we are now to contend not only for this days Victory but also for that which we obtainéd before and indeed that our whole happiness lies at stake And then as he passed by another We shall have no reason hence forward Fellow-Souldiers to complain of our Gods for they have given us opportunity of many and great atchievements But however Souldiers let us acquit our selves like Men. And again to others To what better Banquet could we desire to be invited then to this For now is your time if you are resolv'd to play the men to inrich and advantage one another And then again to others You know I suppose Souldiers that here are rewards propos'd before us To them that overcome the reward is to persue kill and destroy Plunder and be commended to be free and Command But to those that are overcome the contrary whoever therefore loves himself let him fight along with me For I will not away with any Cowardliness or baseness if I can help it Again when he came to some of those who had been in the former Ingagement But to you Souldiers what need I say any thing For you know well enough what is the fate of the Couragious and what of the Cowardly Then marching on a little further he came to Abradatrs and made a stop And Abradatas delivering up the Reins to the lower Coachman went to him Others also who were nigh there abouts came flocking to him When they were come Cyrus spoke to this purpose It has pleas'd Heaven Abradatas to make you and yours as you desired chief among your Fellow Souldiers But you are to remember that when you ingage the Persians are the men that are both to see you and come after you Neither will they suffer you to fight alone or be deserted To whom Abradatas Indeed Cyrus I think matters stand very well with us But I am concern'd for the
every one of the Waggons telling him If you take this Inventory Cyrus you will know who restores his Charge honestly again and who does not To which Cyrus replied you do very well Craesus in being so Provident but I intend that those shall carry these Riches who are worthy to posfefs them So that if they filch any thing it shall be nothing but what is their own And with that he gave the Papers to his Friends and his Captains that so they might know who deliver'd up their Charge safe and sound and who not He had also with him some of the Lydians whom he observ'd to be Curious and neat in looking to their Arms Horses and Chariots and whom he observ'd to be Studious and Industrious how to please him These he led with him in their Armour But as for those whom he observ'd to follow him grudgingly and unwillingly he took their Horses and gave them to those Persians that first went with him to the Wars He also disarm'd them and made them follow behind with Slings Because that kind of Armour is counted the most servile of any And besides it sometimes happens that the Slingers when they are back'd with other Forces do a world of good but if they are alone they are not able to stand before a very few Souldiers that fight Hand to Hand But as Cyrus was marching on in the way that leads to Babylon he subdued the people of the greater Phrygia the Cappadocians and the Arabians with whose Armour he arm'd no less then forty thousand of the Persian Horse And many of the Captives Horses he distributed among his Fellow-Souldiers And thence he came to Babylon with a vast number of Horse with many Archers and Darters and an innumerable Company of Slingers And when he was come to Babylon he placed his Army all round about the City and he himself with some of his Friends and a few other Souldiers travers'd round the City After he had survey'd the Walls he was preparing to draw off his Army when a certain Renegade came to him out of the City and told him that the Babylonians had a design to set upon him when his Army retreated For says he when they beheld your Army from the Walls it seem'd to them very inconsiderable which indeed is no wonder for since the Walls which they surrounded are of a very large compass the Army must needs be reduced to a great thinness Which when Cyrus heard he went and stood in the middle of his Army with the retinue that was with him and gave Order that the Souldiers which were heavy-arm'd at each extremity of the Squadron should repair to that part of the Army which stood still till each extremity met in the middle Which when done those that stood still were the more encouraged because the Body of their Army was now doubled and those that drew off were likewise more confirm'd in Confidence For before those that stood still were just close by the Enemy But when both extremitres were met and embodyed together they stood more tâ—…ss and compacted both those that drew off because all those who were beyond them and likewise those beyond because of those who clapp'd in behind Their Squadrons being thus order'd it must needs be that the foremost and hindermost were the strongest and that the weaker sort were placed in the middle Which order seems to be the most advantagious to fight in and most convenient to prevent escape Besides the thicker the Body was made the Horse-men and those that were light arm'd drew from the Wings the nigher to the Leader When they were thus collected together they retreated leisurely from the place whence the Artillery was discharged upon them And when they were got out of reach they faced about with their Shields before them and in this posture they stood and view'd the Walls And the further they were off the seldomer did they change their posture But when they apprehended themselves out of danger they retreated in a full Body till they came to their Tents Where being now arrived Cyrus calling together as many as he thought necessary thus bespoke them We have taken a survey of the City Fellow-Souldiers on all sides and truly how such strong and high Walls may be taken I confess I do not know Only this I must tell you that the more men are in the City and come not out to fight the easier 't will be to starve them into compliance And therefore unless any of you can think of a better Expedient I think that must be our way to deal with them Then said Chrysantas Does this River which is above a quarter of a Mile broad go through the City Yes replied Gobryas and 't is so deep withall that if two Men should stand one upon the other they would not reach above Water Whence it comes to pass that the City owes more of its strength to the River then to the Walls Then said Cyrus let us let alone those things Chrysantas which we are not able to compass And let every one fall to work and cast a large and deep Trench such as may need but few to Guard it Having therefore measured out a space of Ground all round the Walls leaving some void space on this side the River as much as would serve for some Out-works he cast a great Trench about the Walls throwing up the Earth toward themselves Then he built Towers by the River founding them upon Palm-Trees which were no less then an hundred yards tall for there are some of a greater length then this And 't is the nature of Palm-Trees when they are press'd with any weight to rise up into a great bunch just as the backs of Asses do that carry Burthens And these Palm-Trees he chose for the Foundation of his Towers that he might observe the manner of those that lay siege against a City that though the River should get into the Trench yet the Tower might still stand fast He rais'd also many other Towers upon the Earth that was thrown up that there might be a great many places for standing Sentinel And thus were Cyrus his Men employ'd But those that stood upon the Walls laugh't at this siege having Provision enough to last them above twenty years Which when Cyrus understood he divided his Army into twelve parts that so every part might keep Ward one month in a year When the Babylonians heard of this they laught so much the more as thinking with themselves that they should have the Phrygians Lydians Arabians and Cappadocians to keep Ward against them Who as they thought were better affected toward themselves then toward the Persians And now by this the Trenches were made But Cyrus hearing that the Babylonians were to have a great Festival celebrated when they used to revel all night long as soon as it was dark by the help of a great many Hands he open'd a passage into the Trench
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Divination by the flying of Birds The Gods are omniscient 1 al. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 20000 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Parium the Nobility We ought to know our Enemy's strength Cyrus's Oration to the Noblemen of Persia. The Oration of one of the Nobility Cyrus's Oration to his Souldiers Cyrus instructs his Souldiers in the Arts of War 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 The command of 10 Souldiers 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 4 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Or Sergeants at Arms. How Cyrus commun'd with his Captains c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A notable Instance of Military Discipline Or Leader 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chrysantas's Advice about disposing of Rewards The admirable Wisdom of Cyrus An excellent Discourse of Cyrus Cyrus's Oration to the whole Camp The Oration of Chrysantas The Cration of Pheraulas 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made of Twigs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as most â—…ples 〈◊〉 it Leaders of Ten. Cyrus wittily encourageth his Souldiers An Embassy from India Rather as Leunclavius observes it should be 300 which multiply'd by 100 makes compleatly 30000. Cyaxares gives Audience to an Indian Embassy Cyrus confers with Cyaxares about raising Money Cyaxares and Cyrus consult about the reducing the King of Armenia Cyrus under colour of Hunting invades the K. of Armenia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus's Oration 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The King of Armenia flies The K. of Armenia pleads his own Cause Cyrus deals subtilly with the K. of Armenia Tygranes pleads his Fathers Cause Fear is the worst of Punishments Cyrus dismisseth his Prisoners Ransom-free An excellent saying of a Dying Man Cyrus consults how he may be Master of the Caldean Mountains 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Caldeans a Warlike Nation Cyrus his Goodness to the Caldean Captives The King of Armenia to Cyrus Conditions of Peace between the Armenians and Caldeans Cyrus consults about sending an Ambassador to the King of India The Armenians Entertainment of Cyrus at hâ—…s Return Cyrus's Liberality His Oration to his Captains c. 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 His Oration concerning invading Assyrid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus invades Assyria 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Persian Word it contain'd three Furlongs near four Miles English 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus his Oration to the Nobility of Persia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The King of Assyria's Oration to his Army 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus his Discourse to Crysantas c. Souldiers Fortitude Cyrus his Victory over the Persians His Orderly Retreat Cyrus his Gratitude to God and Man The flight of the Assyrians and their Fellows by Night Cyrus consults how to pursue the Enemy Cyaxares is of Opinion against the Chace Cyrus his sly Artifice to cheat Cyaxares The Hyrcanians Embassy to Cyrus Cyrus his League with the Hyrcanians Several Grounds of the Medes Inclinations to serve Cyrus Cyrus his brave Herangue The Hyrcanians pass over to Cyrus his Camp Another Victory obtain'd by Cyrus his fligâ—… Craesus his Escape Cyrus his Advice about laying in Provisions Cyrus perswades his Men to sparing Diet and abstinence Cyrus his Contrivance to furnish out Horse for the Persian Army Chrysantas approves of Cyrus his Measures Cyrus his Resolution touching the Slaves Cyrus offers certain Conditions to the Slaves Cyrus his Meat and Beverage Cyaxares his Revâ—…l Cyaxares his barbarousness Cyrus his discreet Answer to Cyaxares his Messenger Cyrus his Letter to Cyaxares Cyrus is taken up in parting the Spoils Cyrus advises to bestow upon the Persians the Enemies Horse Cyrus his opinion of dividing the rest of the Spoil Cyrus gives several of the Slaves their Freedoms Gobryas the Assyrian comes over to Cyrus The Manner how the Son of the Assyrian King killed Gobryas his Son Gobryas intreats Cyrus to revenge the death of his Son The excellent Beauty of Panthea Her Vertue Whether Love can compel men against their wills Araspes in Love with Pâ—…thea How Cyrus was beloved Gobrias entertains Cyrus and his Army The temperance of the Persians The Duty of a Good General represented iâ—… Cyrus Cyrus advises about taking to him more assistants Cyrus deliberates about going to Babylon Cyrus Challenges the Assyrian Cyrus's Stratagem The Assyrian Forrages the Country of Gadatas Cyrus prepares to assist Gadatas How Cyrus ordercd his Army to make them more fit to march Cyrus's great Memory Why a General ought to know the names of his Souldiers Cyrus his great Diligence in marching in the Night One of Gadatas his Subjects conspires to betray him The Traytor is slain Cyrus and Gadatas congratulate each other Cadusius slain Cyrus his compassion towards the Cadusians He encourages the Cadusians Cyrus â—…venges the slaughter of the dusians Cyrus greatly augments the Persian Horse Cyrus returns to Babylon Why Cyrus would not now approach too near the walls Cyrus sends for Cyaxares to go one to the Army Cyaxares envies Cyâ—… Cyrus excuses himself Cyrus reckons up his good Services done for Cyaxares Cyaxares discovers his envie toward Cyrus Cyrus interrupts his uncles complaints They are friends again The Medes bring presents to Cyaxares Cyrus is for coninuing the Expedition They consult whether 't is best to put an end to the War or not The Opinion of Cyrus after all A cunning Artifice of Cyrus The Assyrian goes into Lydia Cyrus alone perceiveth the design of his Expedition thither Cyrus abolishes the old way of driving Chariots And invents a new sort Araspas in love with the Lady Panthea Cyrus speaks kindly to Araspas The subtâ—…ty of Cyrus Araspas joyns himself with the Enemy on purpose to betray them Abradatus comes over to Cyrus Cyrus makes Chariots to be drawn with eight yoke of Oxen. The Indian King sends Money to Cyrus The strength of the Enemy is discovered Cyrus his Army discouraged Cyrus marches against the Enemy He prepares himself for Battle Araspas returns from the Enemy The Enemy's Forces very great How Cyrus will have his Army marshall'd Abradatas his Courage Panthea armes her Husband and exhorts him to be Couragious The Picture of love betwixt Man and Wife Cyrus engages the whole Body of the Enemy The Horses of the Enemy are frighted with Cyrus's Camels The engagement 〈◊〉 the Egyptians and Persians The Egyptians life themselves under Cyrus Craesus flies to Sardes Sardis is took by Cyrus Cyrus punishâ—…s the greâ—…dy Chaldeans Cyrus Commands Craesus to be brought before him Arts are the Springâ—… from whence Riches flow Craesus tries the Truth of the Answers given by the Câ—…cle of Apollo The answer of the Oracle to Craesus Craesus disputes against the Oracle What life may be accounted happy Cyrus is made acquainted with the detah of Abradacas Cyrus laments the Death of Abradatas The Lady Panthea stabs her self The Monument of Abradatas Panthea and her Eunuchs Cyrus sends Forces into Caria Adusius is sent into Caria Aduâ—… compoles the Difference amongst the Carians The Graeclans made Tributary to Cyrus The King of Phrygia is taken Cyrus shews himself not to be Covetous Cyrus brings many Countries under his Yoke And returns to Babylon Cyrus's stratagem Cyrus shows what way he thinks it most convenient to besiege Babylon Chrysantas gives his Opinion also which is rejected * Cyrus takes Babylon whilest they were feasting which agrees with Daniel's History How Cyrus got himself honour'd as King Cyrus takes a Life-Guard Why he made choice of Eunuchs for that purpose Cyrus takes himself more Guards out of the Persians He also keeps the rest of the Persian Souldiers with him Cyrus lays a solid Foundation of Government Embassadors very necessary in all Government Cyrus his way to bring his People often to Court The whole World follows the Kings example After what manner Cyrus was wont to treat his Servants Cyrus his Liberality Who amongst the Persians are accounted the Eyes and Ears of the Kings Cyrus's his parallel between a Shepherd and a good King Cyrus makes a Demonstration to Craesus of hâ—… inexhaustible Treasure The Majesty and pomp of Cyrus when he went out of his Palace Pheraulas as solely intent upon Cyrus his Business Pheraulas his Gratitude Pheraulas his generous mind in contemning Riches Pheraulas his Natural â—…isposition Cyrus observes a certain Me. thod in seating his Guests at Table Gobryas admires the Humanity of Cyrus Why Cyrus prefer'd Chrysantas before Hystaspas Cyrus joaks with his Courtiers Cyrus gives in Marriage to Hystaspas the Daughter of Gobryas Cyrus rewards his Souldiers Cyrus takes Care that they be plac'd in Order and in their proper Stations Cyaxares offers his Daughter in Marriage to Cyrus Marriage not to be contracted without the consent of Parents Cyrus returns into his own Country Cambyses makes a perpetual League of Amity betwixt his Son Cyrus and the Persians Cyrus marries Cyaxares's Daughter Cyrus's Policy Cyrus his Command to his Deputies Post-Horses first order'd by Cyrus Cyrus subdues many Nations At what Places beâ—… 〈◊〉 â—…o make his abode Cyrus is belov'd by all Cyrus's last journey into Persia. The approach of Cyrus his Death is revâ—…'d to him in a Vision Cyrus his last and most wise Speech The Conclusion of the History which compares the antient Customes of the Persians with the modern