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how_o to_o do_v it_o first_o say_v he_o let_v the_o front_n of_o your_o army_n be_v marshal_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o your_o second_o second_o enemy_n then_o say_v he_o let_v your_o front_n retire_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o your_o flank_n stand_v still_o shall_v environ_v your_o enemy_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o machiavelli_n think_v this_o a_o squint_a device_n but_o it_o be_v a_o fancy_n only_o beseem_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n if_o he_o have_v say_v let_v your_o battle_n stand_v and_o your_o wing_n extend_v themselves_o he_o have_v speak_v some_o sense_n but_o a_o front_n to_o retire_v be_v a_o improper_a speech_n and_o unintelligible_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n for_o in_o strict_a and_o proper_a language_n a_o front_n and_o a_o rear_n consist_v but_o each_o of_o they_o of_o one_o rank_n whether_o that_o be_v of_o ten_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o ten_o thousand_o or_o twenry_n thousand_o man_n or_o horse_n so_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o be_v the_o front_n can_v retire_v further_a than_o six_o or_o three_o foot_n allow_v to_o be_v between_o it_o and_o the_o second_o rank_n unless_o all_o the_o rank_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a batallion_n retire_v i_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o who_o will_v have_v the_o half_a of_o the_o rank_n to_o be_v the_o front_n and_o the_o other_o half_a the_o rear_n as_o in_o our_o foot_n batallion_n which_o be_v six_o deep_a the_o three_o first_o rank_n make_v the_o front_n the_o other_o three_o the_o rear_n but_o this_o as_o i_o think_v be_v not_o proper_a language_n neither_o will_v it_o help_v machiavelli_n for_o his_o front_n of_o the_o three_o first_o rank_n can_v retire_v till_o the_o three_o last_o rank_n that_o be_v behind_o they_o retire_v first_o beside_o all_o this_o i_o doubt_v if_o in_o machiavel_n time_n captain_n may_v well_o hazard_v more_o three_o three_o than_o now_o to_o command_v a_o batallion_n of_o man_n to_o retire_v for_o fear_v they_o can_v not_o get_v they_o to_o advance_v again_o at_o least_o not_o so_o ready_o justus_n lipsius_n have_v reason_n to_o accuse_v machiavelli_n of_o gross_a ignorance_n for_o deny_v the_o right_a order_n of_o a_o militia_n to_o be_v a_o art_n and_o certain_o his_o conceit_n to_o do_v so_o four_o four_o be_v very_o extravagant_a â—esides_v he_o contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o call_v his_o treatise_n of_o war_n i_o set_v libri_fw-la del'arte_fw-la della_fw-it guerra_fw-mi di_fw-it nicolo_n machiavelli_n seven_o book_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o nicol_n machiavelli_n indeed_o soldier_n be_v very_o little_o bind_v to_o he_o for_o he_o say_v neither_o prince_n nor_o state_n shall_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o who_o profess_v to_o live_v by_o the_o art_n of_o war_n to_o dwell_v under_o they_o nor_o do_v say_v he_o any_o virtuous_a or_o good_a man_n use_v it_o as_o a_o art_n and_o add_v that_o those_o who_o do_v so_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v false_a fraudulent_a treacherous_a and_o violent_a for_o they_o must_v say_v this_o doctor_n either_o obstruct_v all_o peace_n that_o the_o war_n continue_v they_o may_v thereby_o be_v maintain_v or_o they_o must_v pill_v plunder_v and_o make_v spoil_n of_o other_o man_n good_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v maintain_v themselves_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n this_o be_v bad_a enough_o if_o it_o be_v all_o true_a these_o be_v his_o goodly_a argument_n which_o be_v but_o his_o own_o idle_a dream_n for_o it_o be_v observation_n five_o observation_n no_o difficil_n matter_n to_o keep_v man_n who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o duty_n even_o when_o they_o but_o seldom_o receive_v their_o wage_n and_o this_o in_o this_o age_n be_v visible_a to_o the_o whole_a world_n nor_o can_v many_o instance_n be_v give_v where_o man_n of_o war_n obstruct_v that_o peace_n which_o their_o master_n desire_v or_o which_o both_o party_n be_v content_v to_o make_v and_o if_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o disband_v of_o army_n any_o exorbitancy_n chance_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o soldier_n as_o seldom_o any_o such_o thing_n fall_v out_o they_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o too_o great_a a_o defalcation_n of_o their_o pay_n with_o the_o half_a or_o moiety_n whereof_o all_o modern_a soldier_n will_v be_v hearty_o well_o content_v so_o perfect_o have_v they_o learn_v the_o baptist_n lesson_n in_o the_o gospel_n to_o be_v content_a with_o their_o wage_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o shall_v more_o cry_v up_o the_o lowliness_n of_o spirit_n of_o those_o great_a statesman_n who_o be_v please_v to_o descend_v from_o their_o high_a corollary_n corollary_n sphere_n to_o learn_v their_o politic_n from_o machiavelli_n or_o commend_v the_o generosity_n of_o those_o captain_n who_o disdain_v to_o stoop_v so_o low_a as_o to_o receive_v their_o lesson_n of_o the_o military_a art_n from_o the_o town_n clerk_n of_o florence_n i_o suppose_v all_o that_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o i_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v in_o some_o place_n to_o set_v down_o wherein_o the_o ordinance_n and_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o all_o or_o do_v what_o the_o author_n promise_v to_o do_v most_o of_o the_o several_a point_n or_o part_n of_o it_o in_o divers_a country_n agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o present_a time_n and_o when_o i_o give_v my_o own_o opinion_n it_o shall_v be_v spare_o and_o with_o submission_n neither_o shall_v i_o decline_v to_o go_v as_o far_o back_o in_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o war_n in_o former_a time_n as_o i_o have_v either_o probable_a ground_n for_o conjecture_n or_o any_o glimpse_n of_o light_a to_o conduct_v i_o since_o i_o write_v this_o chapter_n i_o have_v see_v some_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v soldier_n themselves_o have_v give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a french_a art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n as_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr valiere_n mounseur_fw-fr lovis_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saya_n and_o some_o other_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v army_n be_v proper_o the_o member_n of_o the_o great_a body_n of_o war_n and_o man_n be_v the_o sinew_n of_o army_n the_o best_a choice_n election_n or_o levy_v of_o man_n be_v of_o levy_n voluntary_a levy_n the_o subject_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v the_o war_n where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n impose_v a_o necessity_n on_o man_n â—it_a for_o service_n to_o enroll_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n and_o quality_n and_o this_o levy_n alter_v its_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o war_n for_o if_o that_o be_v a_o defensive_a one_o the_o levy_n be_v voluntary_a for_o ordinary_o man_n rise_v willing_o in_o arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n life_n wife_n and_o child_n but_o if_o the_o war_n be_v a_o offensive_a one_o intend_v to_o invade_v a_o stranger_n and_o such_o as_o lead_v native_n from_o their_o country_n and_o home_n and_o carry_v they_o to_o foreign_a land_n it_o be_v not_o universal_o voluntary_a and_o very_o oft_o get_v the_o name_n of_o a_o press_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o levy_n most_o nation_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o press_n press_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o choose_v most_o of_o their_o cavalry_n out_o of_o the_o gentleman_n or_o the_o better_a sort_n and_o the_o infantry_n out_z of_o the_o commons_o but_o the_o substance_n of_o that_o custom_n be_v now_o vanish_v and_o we_o have_v scarce_o the_o shadow_n of_o it_o leave_v with_o we_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nation_n the_o german_a prince_n and_o imperial_a town_n by_o the_o old_a constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n make_v a_o election_n or_o levy_n of_o their_o subject_n according_a to_o their_o law_n sometime_o the_o ten_o sometime_o the_o six_o or_o five_o man_n or_o according_a to_o their_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o war_n both_o since_o germany_n manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a levy_n in_o germany_n the_o turk_n become_v their_o unwelcome_a neighbour_n and_o before_o he_o have_v foot_v in_o europe_n it_o be_v not_o above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o year_n since_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o maximilian_n the_o second_o all_o that_o be_v enrol_v in_o the_o german_a cavalry_n be_v by_o birth_n gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a they_o bring_v some_o of_o they_o one_o some_o two_o and_o some_o three_o with_o they_o who_o wait_v on_o they_o well_o horse_v and_o arm_v for_o who_o they_o receive_v wage_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o article_n of_o war_n but_o these_o be_v call_v in_o their_o language_n einspanneer_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o master_n who_o
he_o make_v alt_z they_o all_o take_v up_o their_o several_a distance_n behind_o he_o till_o he_o who_o be_v file-leader_n turn_v himself_o about_o on_o that_o same_o ground_n he_o stand_v on_o and_o then_o all_o turn_n likewise_o so_o that_o all_o the_o file_n face_v to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o before_o the_o countermarch_v it_o face_v to_o the_o van_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o body_n lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o our_o modern_a driller_n when_o they_o command_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_a they_o say_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v and_o lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n or_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o van_n which_o be_v all_o one_o thing_n the_o laconian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n be_v command_v to_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o the_o rear_n as_o it_o possess_v before_o and_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o file-leader_n lacedaemonian_a lacedaemonian_a turn_v just_a where_o he_o stand_v and_o march_v as_o many_o foot_n behind_o the_o rear-man_n as_o the_o body_n at_o its_o due_a distance_n shall_v possess_v all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o about_o till_o their_o leader_n go_v by_o they_o and_o so_o the_o bringer_n up_o do_v only_o turn_v himself_o without_o any_o further_a motion_n the_o modern_a word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n and_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o persian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n it_o have_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o leader_n stand_v where_o the_o bringer_n up_o be_v and_o the_o persian_n persian_n rear-man_n where_o the_o leader_n stand_v it_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o leader_n advance_v three_o step_n and_o then_o turn_v and_o march_v to_o the_o rear_n and_o all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o till_o they_o come_v to_o that_o place_n to_o which_o he_o advance_v and_o then_o they_o face_n about_o and_o take_v up_o the_o same_o ground_n they_o former_o possess_v the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o keep_v your_o ground_n it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o chorâ—an_n countermarch_v because_o choraean_a oâ—_n choraean_a as_o the_o chorus_n use_v to_o sing_v and_o dance_v all_o together_o so_o here_o all_o the_o rank_n move_v at_o once_o and_o keep_v that_o same_o measure_n and_o distance_n in_o turn_v resemble_v a_o dance_n but_o indeed_o all_o these_o counter-marche_n as_o most_o of_o all_o evolution_n be_v better_o and_o soon_o illustrate_v nay_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o body_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n than_o they_o can_v be_v either_o by_o word_n or_o figure_n on_o paper_n philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n father_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n put_v down_o the_o first_o of_o these_o counter-marche_n which_o be_v his_o own_o country_n one_o and_o with_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o have_v a_o show_n of_o fly_v at_o least_o of_o retire_v be_v a_o body_n of_o sixteen_o depth_n as_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v by_o that_o countermarch_v lose_v in_o the_o rear_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o foot_n of_o ground_n one_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o rank_a to_o stand_v on_o and_o six_o use_n all_o three_o of_o small_a use_n foot_n of_o distance_n between_o the_o rank_n at_o least_o it_o lose_v one_o hundred_o and_o six_o foot_n and_o true_o i_o think_v the_o hazard_n be_v small_a if_o all_o the_o three_o several_a counter-marche_n be_v for_o ever_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n except_o those_o of_o our_o enemy_n it_o be_v true_a i_o never_o see_v any_o of_o they_o use_v in_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n for_o if_o they_o be_v practise_v then_o i_o be_o confident_a confusion_n will_v follow_v they_o which_o be_v but_o too_o ready_a to_o appear_v in_o any_o army_n though_o never_o so_o well_o order_v when_o it_o be_v unexpected_o attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n if_o the_o grecian_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o our_o great_a gun_n nay_o even_o with_o our_o musket_n which_o kill_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n by_o far_o than_o dart_n or_o arrow_n and_o against_o which_o their_o defensive_a arm_n will_v not_o have_v be_v proof_n they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o a_o enemy_n a_o good_a way_n from_o their_o rear_n will_v have_v render_v their_o best_a counter-marche_n both_o unfeasible_a and_o dangerous_a all_o the_o good_a i_o suppose_v that_o be_v intend_v by_o a_o countermarch_v be_v to_o place_v the_o very_a same_o man_n and_o rank_n with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o very_a same_o order_n they_o be_v with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o true_o if_o captain_n be_v careful_a to_o place_v their_o best_a man_n in_o the_o front_n their_o next_o best_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o make_v middle_a man_n of_o the_o three_o and_o rank_v every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o dignity_n as_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o too_o many_o of_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o this_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o hazard_v a_o countermarch_v but_o with_o much_o ease_n and_o with_o one_o word_n of_o command_n and_o that_o be_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n about_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v face_v in_o the_o rear_n without_o danger_n of_o any_o confusion_n or_o disorder_n i_o have_v see_v some_o very_a punctual_a officer_n and_o drill-master_n who_o have_v take_v much_o pain_n to_o teach_v new_a beginner_n all_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o counter-marche_n and_o have_v make_v they_o practice_v their_o lesson_n very_o exact_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o can_v never_o in_o my_o own_o judgement_n have_v a_o better_a opinion_n of_o counter-marche_n than_o they_o say_v some_o physician_n have_v of_o cucumber_n which_o they_o first_o order_n to_o be_v well_o correct_v and_o prepare_v with_o vinegar_n oil_n pepper_n and_o i_o know_v not_o what_o else_o and_o then_o advise_v to_o throw_v they_o out_o of_o door_n or_o over_o 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know_v and_o so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o tell_v we_o which_o in_o this_o particular_a be_v that_o i_o be_o now_o to_o tell_v you_o and_o it_o consist_v in_o two_o thing_n one_o that_o phalanges_fw-la be_v not_o always_o sixteen_o deep_a and_o second_o that_o they_o want_v not_o always_o reserve_v to_o prove_v both_o be_v please_v to_o take_v the_o follow_a instance_n at_o deâ—â—s_n when_o the_o athenian_n fight_v with_o the_o theban_n and_o other_o boeotian_o the_o phalanges_fw-la be_v all_o of_o they_o eight_o dâ—â—p_n and_o all_o deep_a phalanges_fw-la eight_o deep_a of_o they_o have_v reserve_v at_o leuctra_n epaminondas_n his_o foot_n batallion_n be_v all_o marshal_v in_o eight_o rank_n at_o siracusa_n when_o the_o athenian_a general_n niciaâ—_n be_v to_o fight_v he_o place_v his_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o two_o wing_n his_o athenian_n he_o divide_v into_o two_o great_a body_n the_o half_a whereof_o he_o marshal_v in_o the_o battle_n between_o the_o two_o wing_n the_o 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that_o day_n for_o he_o charge_v the_o persian_a batallion_n both_o with_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o the_o meaning_n must_v be_v that_o he_o order_v some_o horse_n and_o foot_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o his_o main_a battle_n to_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n for_o prevent_v any_o misfortune_n there_o and_o the_o like_a he_o do_v on_o both_o his_o flank_n but_o all_o these_o when_o his_o main_a battle_n move_v face_v to_o the_o van_n and_o advance_v with_o it_o and_o when_o it_o stand_v they_o take_v up_o their_o former_a distance_n and_o face_v as_o they_o be_v appoint_v and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v lest_o his_o army_n small_a in_o comparison_n of_o that_o with_o darius_n shall_v be_v surround_v if_o the_o army_n he_o be_v afraid_a to_o
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nation_n and_o none_o will_v doubt_v but_o the_o grecian_n have_v set_v rule_n and_o order_n for_o they_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o which_o they_o do_v not_o alter_v but_o according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o thing_n and_o emergency_n of_o affair_n on_o which_o depend_v most_o of_o military_a action_n aelian_a give_v we_o little_a light_n or_o indeed_o none_o at_o all_o in_o any_o of_o these_o particular_n aelian_a most_o of_o they_o forget_v by_o aelian_a but_o leave_v we_o to_o glean_v what_o we_o can_v out_o of_o history_n and_o thereon_o to_o build_v our_o own_o conjecture_n it_o have_v be_v convenient_a for_o we_o to_o have_v know_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o march_v where_o or_o how_o the_o horse_n the_o heavy_a and_o light_o arm_v and_o how_o far_o every_o day_n all_o of_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o march_v as_o also_o whether_o the_o chiliarchy_n which_o be_v regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o the_o hipparchy_n which_o be_v regiment_n of_o march_n march_n horse_n 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the_o true_a god_n to_o have_v be_v in_o that_o idolatrous_a age_n wherein_o he_o live_v as_o very_o a_o atheist_n as_o machiavelli_n be_v when_o he_o write_v his_o discourse_n on_o livy_n and_o his_o book_n dii_fw-la prencipe_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o leave_v those_o who_o accuse_v he_o of_o that_o crime_n and_o his_o translator_n casaubon_n who_o defend_v he_o from_o that_o imputation_n to_o debate_v the_o matter_n between_o they_o nine_o their_o horrible_a and_o bloody_a civil_a war_n enough_o to_o have_v destroy_v nine_o nine_o ten_o other_o nation_n as_o that_o between_o sylla_n and_o marius_n father_n and_o son_n and_o that_o between_o caesar_n and_o the_o pompey_n and_o that_o of_o the_o triumvirate_n in_o all_o which_o how_o much_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v at_o a_o loss_n may_v be_v conjecture_v by_o one_o review_n the_o dictator_n caesar_n make_v of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n even_o before_o he_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o war_n wherein_o he_o find_v 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and_o there_o attend_v the_o consul_n further_a pleasure_n yet_o if_o you_o look_v on_o any_o figure_n of_o a_o legion_n you_o shall_v ordinary_o see_v the_o velite_n draw_v up_o in_o three_o distinct_a body_n behind_o the_o three_o several_a batallion_n of_o the_o legionary_n which_o may_v have_v be_v do_v when_o they_o be_v marshal_v before_o the_o fight_n begin_v but_o for_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v speak_v of_o can_v not_o be_v after_o they_o have_v fight_v and_o retire_v they_o fight_v a_o la_fw-fr disbandad_o fight_v how_o they_o fight_v keep_v no_o rank_n or_o file_n nor_o have_v they_o peculiar_a officer_n as_o the_o grecian_a light_n arm_v foot_n have_v several_a fancy_n nay_o positive_o affirm_v they_o be_v to_o obey_v the_o command_n of_o the_o centurion_n of_o those_o heavy_a arm_a maniple_n behind_o who_o they_o be_v order_v to_o stand_v when_o the_o army_n be_v marshal_v it_o be_v not_o pity_n that_o neither_o polybius_n nor_o vegetius_n will_v clear_v we_o of_o these_o 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say_v the_o triarii_n be_v place_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o other_o two_o batallion_n their_o javelines_n can_v have_v do_v they_o no_o service_n against_o a_o enemy_n at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n what_o a_o pitiful_a reason_n be_v this_o for_o the_o triarii_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o fight_v with_o either_o javeline_n short_a spear_n or_o any_o other_o weapon_n till_o either_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la retire_v to_o they_o or_o that_o they_o themselves_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o van_n and_o in_o any_o of_o these_o two_o case_n javeline_n will_v have_v serve_v they_o to_o as_o good_a purpose_n as_o they_o do_v the_o two_o batallion_n marshal_v before_o they_o and_o if_o these_o short_a spear_n serve_v the_o triarii_n better_a when_o they_o come_v to_o fight_v than_o the_o javelines_n than_o they_o shall_v likewise_o have_v serve_v the_o other_o two_o class_n better_o than_o the_o javeline_n and_o so_o the_o pilum_fw-la or_o javeline_n shall_v have_v be_v lay_v aside_o as_o useless_a and_o therefore_o i_o think_v lipsius_n here_o have_v not_o hit_v the_o mark_n to_o i_o it_o will_v rather_o seem_v that_o in_o a_o javelines_n why_o they_o carry_v not_o javelines_n medley_n when_o perchance_o a_o enemy_n vigorous_o pursue_v the_o principes_fw-la the_o triarii_n can_v not_o without_o wrong_v their_o friend_n who_o be_v retire_v cast_v their_o javelines_n with_o so_o much_o advantage_n as_o they_o can_v manage_v these_o short_a spear_n in_o the_o country_n now_o call_v lombardy_n than_o gallia_n cisulyiâ—â—_n the_o roman_a consul_n furius_n and_o flaminius_n meet_v with_o a_o numerous_a army_n of_o the_o cisalpine_a gaul_n these_o carry_v terrible_a long_o and_o heavy_a sword_n to_o avoid_v the_o fury_n whereof_o the_o roman_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o take_v the_o short_a spear_n from_o the_o triarii_fw-la and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o hastati_fw-la that_o either_o with_o they_o they_o may_v keep_v the_o enemy_n at_o a_o distance_n or_o while_o the_o gaul_n be_v slash_v at_o those_o short_a spear_n and_o that_o their_o sword_n for_o their_o weight_n not_o very_o manageable_a be_v at_o the_o ground_n the_o hastati_fw-la with_o their_o short_a sword_n may_v get_v within_o they_o and_o this_o succeed_a as_o it_o be_v project_v gain_v the_o roman_n the_o victory_n as_o polybius_n in_o his_o second_o book_n tell_v we_o i_o will_v he_o have_v tell_v we_o too_o whether_o these_o hastati_fw-la make_v use_n both_o of_o their_o own_o javelines_n and_o the_o short_a spear_n of_o the_o triarii_n which_o be_v not_o improbable_a or_o if_o they_o exchange_v weapon_n for_o that_o day_n but_o here_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v polybius_n vegetius_n lâ—psius_n terduzzi_n and_o all_o other_o observation_n observation_n who_o tenacious_o prefer_v the_o roman_a arm_n to_o all_o other_o of_o the_o world_n whether_o a_o long_a grecian_a spear_n of_o eighteen_o foot_n will_v not_o have_v do_v better_a service_n against_o the_o gaul_n than_o either_o a_o javeline_n or_o a_o short_a spear_n or_o if_o a_o macedonian_a phalange_n strong_o arm_v carry_v pike_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o foot_n long_o will_v have_v much_o value_v or_o fear_v the_o long_a and_o heavy_a sword_n of_o these_o cisalpine_a barbarian_n these_o triarii_n be_v the_o elder_a and_o most_o experiment_a of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o therefore_o be_v keep_v for_o the_o last_o reserve_v not_o at_o all_o fight_a if_o the_o other_o two_o body_n beat_v the_o enemy_n but_o if_o those_o be_v beat_v or_o order_v to_o retire_v as_o sometime_o they_o be_v than_o they_o arise_v and_o make_v a_o fresh_a and_o furious_a onset_n and_o if_o that_o prevail_v not_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o army_n depend_v either_o on_o their_o flight_n or_o on_o a_o fair_a and_o orderly_a retreat_n hence_o in_o desperate_a case_n they_o use_v to_o say_v usque_fw-la ad_fw-la triariâ—s_fw-la perventum_fw-la est_fw-la history_n tell_v we_o that_o while_o
can_v be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n but_o he_o conclude_v at_o eight_o deep_a eight_o hundred_o horse_n will_v take_v up_o in_o deep_a persian_a horse_n eight_o deep_a front_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v one_o furlong_n and_o consequent_o eight_o thousand_o horse_n need_v to_o have_v for_o their_o front_n twelve_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pace_n that_o be_v ten_o furlong_n and_o therefore_o darius_n his_o thirty_o thousand_o horse_n be_v eight_o deep_a will_v in_o front_n have_v possess_v of_o ground_n four_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o eighty_o six_o pace_n more_o than_o thirty_o seven_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n and_o these_o will_v make_v more_o than_o four_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o as_o much_o ground_n calisthenes_n must_v have_v allow_v to_o his_o mercenary_n observe_v here_o that_o polybius_n allow_v for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n in_o front_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v more_o than_o six_o foot_n for_o a_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o for_o distance_n between_o he_o and_o his_o side-man_n but_o if_o polybius_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v marshal_v eight_o be_v we_o know_v not_o how_o deep_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v deep_a than_o vegetius_n his_o thirty_o two_o rider_n will_v do_v better_a than_o polybius_n his_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n because_o thirty_o two_o will_v make_v four_o file_n complete_o whereas_o thirty_o make_v but_o three_o file_n of_o eight_o and_o a_o break_a one_o of_o six_o in_o such_o a_o mist_n do_v these_o two_o great_a master_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n leave_v we_o out_o of_o which_o neither_o accurate_a lipsius_n or_o any_o other_o of_o my_o read_n have_v offer_v to_o guide_v we_o i_o conceive_v according_a to_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n ten_o deep_a might_n hauâ—_n do_v well_o and_o who_o can_v tell_v but_o polybius_n mean_v so_o when_o he_o appoint_v three_o decurion_n to_o be_v file-leader_n and_o three_o agminis_fw-la or_o turma_fw-la coactores_fw-la to_o be_v bringer_n up_o but_o that_o be_v indeed_o too_o many_o it_o make_v the_o longitude_n or_o front_n so_o small_a as_o render_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o be_v environ_v or_o surround_v in_o these_o very_a ancient_a time_n many_o nation_n fight_v on_o horse_n neither_o horse_n unbridle_a &_o unsaddle_v horse_n bridle_v nor_o saddle_v and_o some_o have_v saddle_n but_o no_o bridle_n hence_o we_o read_v that_o the_o african_n especial_o the_o numidian_n divide_v their_o cavalry_n in_o fraenatos_n &_o infranatos_n equos_fw-la into_o bridle_v and_o unbridle_a horse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o read_v in_o livy_n with_o what_o dexterity_n and_o agility_n these_o unbridled_a horse_n be_v rule_v and_o manage_v by_o the_o hand_n the_o foot_n or_o rod_n of_o a_o rider_n some_o again_o have_v bridle_n for_o their_o horse_n but_o no_o saddle_n so_o have_v the_o german_n who_o laugh_v at_o the_o roman_n as_o soft_a and_o effeminate_a for_o ride_v on_o saddle_n and_o yet_o these_o very_a saddle_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o cover_v make_v of_o some_o piece_n of_o cloth_n or_o stuff_n rich_a or_o mean_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o rider_n or_o at_o best_o of_o some_o bundle_n tie_v together_o for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o horseman_n without_o either_o iron_n or_o timber_n in_o it_o as_o our_o saddle_n have_v neither_o have_v any_o of_o they_o ancient_a saddle_n not_o ancient_a any_o stirrup_n to_o ease_v the_o rider_n leg_n for_o these_o come_v first_o in_o fashion_n in_o nero_n time_n if_o lipsius_n his_o observation_n hold_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o be_v use_v before_o be_v but_o a_o ladder_n of_o cord_n wood_n or_o iron_n to_o help_v the_o horseman_n to_o mount_v his_o horse_n if_o he_o be_v age_a indispose_a sick_a or_o lame_a and_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v on_o horseback_n the_o ladder_n be_v remove_v perhaps_o not_o unlike_a to_o those_o iron_n ladder_n of_o two_o or_o three_o step_n high_a use_v over_o all_o the_o netherlands_o for_o passenger_n to_o get_v up_o to_o their_o wagon_n history_n tell_v we_o that_o masinissa_n king_n of_o numidia_n when_o he_o be_v fourscore_o year_n old_a or_o near_o that_o age_n can_v mount_v his_o horse_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o stirrup_n or_o ladder_n and_o certain_o not_o only_o the_o roman_n but_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v teach_v to_o get_v on_o horseback_n without_o any_o of_o they_o as_o now_o youth_n be_v teach_v in_o academy_n and_o do_v ride_v inure_v to_o it_o by_o custom_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n without_o stirrup_n as_o we_o do_v now_o with_o they_o the_o roman_n sometime_o cause_v their_o cavalry_n to_o unbridle_v their_o horse_n to_o horse_n to_o charge_v with_o unbridle_a horse_n make_v a_o furious_a charge_n which_o often_o succeed_v well_o livy_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n say_v it_o be_v practise_v against_o the_o volscian_n with_o success_n and_o in_o his_o forty_o book_n he_o give_v we_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o celtiberian_n fight_v in_o spain_n against_o the_o roman_a praetor_n fulvius_n wherein_o the_o roman_n be_v very_o near_a worsted_n the_o enemy_n have_v cast_v himself_o in_o a_o wedge_n at_o which_o manner_n of_o fight_n he_o be_v think_v almost_o invincible_a bear_v down_o all_o before_o he_o till_o the_o praetor_n tell_v his_o horseman_n that_o charge_v desperate_o on_o unbridled_a horse_n may_v recover_v the_o victory_n for_o say_v he_o formerly_z such_o a_o practice_n have_v produce_v good_a effect_n the_o cavalry_n obey_v his_o order_n and_o by_o a_o furious_a charge_n with_o lance_n rout_v the_o celtiberian_n such_o a_o command_n in_o our_o time_n will_v be_v account_v both_o unpracticable_a and_o ridiculous_a yet_o we_o may_v believe_v that_o horse_n be_v so_o teach_v and_o manage_v then_o that_o they_o will_v obey_v their_o master_n without_o bridle_n and_o this_o we_o may_v suppose_v not_o to_o be_v impossible_a the_o rider_n make_v use_n of_o his_o hand_n but_o true_o i_o think_v it_o something_o strange_a to_o read_v that_o julius_n caesar_n can_v ride_v great_a horseman_n julius_n caesar_n a_o expert_a horseman_n horse_n without_o a_o bridle_n at_o the_o full_a gallop_n with_o his_o hand_n clasp_v together_o behind_o his_o back_n sometime_o the_o roman_a general_n when_o they_o see_v a_o enemy_n prevail_v have_v bring_v their_o cavalry_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o to_o the_o place_n of_o danger_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o fight_v afoot_a with_o their_o sword_n this_o both_o reinforce_v the_o battle_n and_o mighty_o encourage_v the_o foot_n by_o see_v that_o those_o who_o may_v have_v save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n resolve_v to_o live_v and_o die_v with_o they_o author_n do_v not_o inform_v we_o how_o they_o dispose_v of_o their_o horse_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o foot_n combat_n but_o i_o shall_v imagine_v they_o do_v not_o let_v they_o go_v whither_o they_o please_v but_o either_o appoint_v their_o servant_n if_o they_o have_v any_o or_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o look_v after_o they_o and_o i_o suppose_v also_o they_o alight_v before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v for_o shun_v confusion_n and_o put_v their_o own_o foot_n in_o disorder_n caesar_n before_o he_o begin_v his_o battle_n with_o the_o swisser_n make_v all_o his_o horseman_n dismount_v and_o appoint_v they_o their_o fooâ—_n horseman_n fight_v on_o fooâ—_n station_n where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v afoot_a and_o to_o show_v they_o a_o good_a example_n he_o alight_v first_o himself_n and_o send_v away_o all_o the_o horse_n a_o good_a way_n from_o his_o army_n thereby_o to_o encourage_v his_o legionary_a foot_n and_o make_v his_o horseman_n know_v that_o their_o safety_n depend_v only_o on_o their_o own_o valour_n but_o i_o believe_v he_o give_v order_n that_o the_o horse_n shall_v be_v bring_v back_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v perceive_v to_o fly_v for_o we_o find_v he_o and_o his_o cavalry_n be_v soon_o remount_v and_o follow_v the_o chase_n very_o far_o and_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v believe_v also_o that_o he_o keep_v some_o on_o horseback_n by_o he_o to_o carry_v all_o the_o direction_n he_o give_v to_o the_o several_a body_n of_o his_o army_n in_o time_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o himself_o fight_v on_o foot_n can_v not_o perform_v gracchus_n betray_v by_o his_o host_n be_v environ_v by_o a_o ambush_n of_o hannibalians_n alight_v and_o fight_v well_o for_o his_o life_n though_o he_o lose_v it_o but_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v rather_o have_v hazard_v to_o break_v through_o on_o horseback_n to_o get_v to_o his_o own_o party_n which_o be_v not_o far_o off_o since_o death_n will_v still_o have_v be_v
sell_v by_o the_o treasurer_n and_o then_o proportionable_o divide_v among_o all_o according_a to_o every_o order_n a_o good_a order_n man_n quality_n a_o centurion_n receive_v double_a that_o which_o a_o soldier_n get_v a_o horseman_n triple_a and_o a_o tribune_n quadruple_a so_o that_o they_o who_o fight_v in_o the_o field_n and_o they_o who_o stay_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o camp_n they_o who_o storm_v a_o town_n and_o they_o who_o stand_v in_o reserve_n share_v all_o alike_o in_o the_o booty_n the_o roman_n give_v all_o their_o proviant_a to_o their_o army_n in_o corn_n and_o do_v not_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o make_v it_o either_o into_o meal_n or_o bread_n and_o in_o their_o strict_a discipline_n baker_n be_v all_o banish_v from_o their_o camp_n and_o the_o soldier_n order_v to_o grind_v their_o corn_n themselves_o hand_o mill_n or_o quern_n be_v allow_v they_o for_o that_o use_n and_o thereafter_o to_o bake_v their_o own_o bread_n many_o time_n they_o take_v not_o the_o pain_n to_o do_v either_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o but_o boil_v their_o wheat_n with_o a_o little_a salt_n and_o so_o eat_v it_o up_o for_o pottage_n they_o use_v to_o carry_v with_o they_o drink_v their_o ordinary_a meat_n and_o drink_v lard_n or_o bacon_n or_o some_o other_o fat_a wherewith_o they_o smear_v their_o bread_n a_o little_a bottle_n with_o vinegar_n they_o bear_v also_o about_o with_o they_o with_o a_o very_a small_a quantity_n whereof_o they_o give_v a_o relish_n to_o their_o water_n which_o be_v their_o ordinary_a drink_n though_o wine_n be_v not_o forbid_v they_o for_o mahomet_n have_v then_o not_o intoxicate_v the_o world_n with_o his_o doctrine_n nor_o discharge_v the_o use_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n which_o cherish_v the_o heart_n of_o god_n and_o man._n the_o roman_a soldier_n then_o drink_v wine_n for_o it_o be_v allow_v they_o when_o convenient_o it_o can_v be_v get_v though_o drunkenness_n be_v a_o crime_n seldom_o hear_v of_o among_o they_o there_o be_v also_o sometime_o ox_n sheep_n and_o beef_n divide_v among_o they_o for_o prepare_v and_o make_v ready_a whereof_o in_o the_o strict_a time_n of_o their_o discipline_n the_o soldier_n be_v permit_v to_o carry_v a_o brass_n pot_n a_o spit_n and_o a_o drink_a cup_n but_o i_o suppose_v one_o of_o every_o kind_n of_o these_o utensil_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o soldier_n but_o to_o a_o contubernium_fw-la utensil_n utensil_n or_o tent-full_a of_o they_o whether_o that_o consist_v of_o ten_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o it_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o they_o to_o dine_v or_o sup_v when_o they_o please_v but_o it_o be_v know_v by_o the_o classicum_fw-la when_o the_o consul_n go_v to_o table_n the_o tribune_n go_v to_o they_o and_o so_o both_o centurion_n and_o common_a soldier_n go_v to_o dinner_n with_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n may_v not_o a_o man_n say_v that_o here_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o more_o state_n than_o good_a fare_n those_o general_n who_o exercise_v strict_a discipline_n appoint_v their_o soldier_n to_o take_v their_o dinner_n stand_v marry_o sit_v they_o dine_v stand_v and_o sup_v sit_v they_o permit_v they_o to_o sit_v at_o supper_n and_o i_o conceive_v this_o be_v but_o a_o very_a sober_a courtesy_n to_o suffer_v a_o man_n who_o be_v weary_a with_o toil_n the_o whole_a day_n to_o sit_v down_o to_o his_o supper_n at_o night_n beside_o all_o this_o the_o roman_a soldiery_n have_v reason_n to_o expect_v a_o donative_n from_o triumph_n donative_n at_o triumph_n their_o victorious_a general_n when_o they_o enter_v the_o imperial_a city_n in_o triumph_n this_o custom_n be_v very_o commendable_a for_o the_o largess_n give_v to_o they_o incite_v other_o to_o carry_v themselves_o gallant_o against_o a_o enemy_n since_o they_o see_v that_o in_o some_o measure_n they_o will_v be_v sharer_n with_o the_o chief_a commander_n both_o in_o honour_n and_o profit_n what_o be_v give_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o common_a soldier_n be_v a_o rule_n to_o the_o officer_n for_o a_o centurion_n get_v double_a a_o horseman_n triple_a and_o a_o tribune_n quadruple_a scipio_n the_o african_a at_o his_o magnificent_a entry_n into_o rome_n give_v four_o hundred_o ass_n to_o every_o soldier_n some_o say_v but_o forty_o if_o the_o first_o it_o be_v noble_a enough_o and_o no_o more_o neither_o for_o it_o will_v have_v amount_v but_o to_o twenty_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a if_o the_o last_o it_o be_v contemptible_a for_o it_o signify_v but_o half_a a_o crown_n lucius_z aemilius_z who_o subvert_v the_o macedonian_a monarchy_n give_v at_o his_o triumph_n to_o every_o soldier_n one_o hundred_o sesterce_n which_o may_v be_v about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o proportionable_o to_o the_o centurion_n horseman_n and_o tribune_n but_o beside_o the_o evil_a effect_n which_o many_o of_o the_o consul_n avarice_n produce_v their_o ambition_n to_o bring_v in_o great_a sum_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o the_o treasury_n and_o their_o vanity_n to_o give_v their_o army_n donative_n at_o their_o triumph_n set_v they_o on_o to_o the_o commit_v many_o insolence_n perfidious_a unjust_a and_o disavowable_a plunder_n and_o cruelty_n which_o make_v the_o name_n of_o some_o of_o the_o brave_a of_o they_o infamous_a to_o posterity_n take_v one_o instance_n instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la of_o that_o same_o aemilius_z i_o just_a now_o speak_v of_o the_o desire_n he_o have_v to_o bring_v the_o vast_a treasure_n of_o king_n perseus_n and_o all_o he_o have_v scrape_v together_o in_o macedon_n into_o the_o roman_a treasury_n and_o withal_o to_o give_v a_o donative_n to_o his_o army_n at_o action_n a_o detestable_a action_n his_o triumph_n tempt_v he_o and_o the_o temptation_n prevail_v with_o he_o to_o plunder_v the_o whole_a town_n of_o epirus_n the_o people_n whereof_o be_v no_o enemy_n nor_o ever_o have_v wrong_v the_o roman_a state_n and_o this_o execrable_a act_n he_o do_v under_o trust_n the_o inhabitant_n 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moiety_n of_o the_o donative_n that_o be_v a_o bag_n for_o every_o cohort_n and_o a_o eleven_o bag_n there_o be_v in_o which_o every_o soldier_n cast_v something_o once_o a_o month_n and_o that_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o burial_n of_o those_o soldier_n who_o be_v able_a to_o leave_v nothing_o for_o their_o interment_n a_o very_a laudable_a custom_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v ever_o in_o all_o nation_n in_o high_a request_n dead_a burial_n of_o the_o dead_a truce_n for_o some_o day_n or_o hour_n to_o inter_v the_o slay_v be_v seldom_o or_o never_o refuse_v by_o the_o most_o imbitter_v enemy_n hannibal_n bestow_v burial_n on_o his_o enemy_n marcellus_n and_o his_o brother_n asdrubal_n at_o the_o desire_n of_o scipio_n bury_v those_o roman_a tribune_n who_o he_o have_v kill_v in_o battle_n and_o justin_n in_o his_o six_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o
officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v 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legion_n and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o proportionable_a way_n in_o contradict_v army_n second_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n himself_o he_o say_v against_o a_o strong_a enemy_n a_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n and_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n two_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o ally_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o hear_v he_o speak_v for_o himself_o and_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o legion_n must_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n second_o in_o this_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o make_v four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o ally_n foot_n to_o be_v but_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n shall_v have_v be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o for_o his_o word_n former_o be_v that_o no_o legion_n shall_v be_v under_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o those_o heavy_a arm_v too_o and_o whereas_o by_o his_o own_o appointment_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n every_o legion_n shall_v have_v have_v seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n more_o than_o any_o other_o author_n allow_v in_o this_o chapter_n he_o increase_v their_o number_n to_o one_o thousand_o for_o he_o order_v the_o horse_n of_o four_o legion_n to_o be_v full_a four_o thousand_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o below_o and_o the_o horse_n one_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o above_o his_o own_o allowance_n you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n clash_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v not_o i_o that_o quarrel_n with_o he_o in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o say_v if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o fierce_a nation_n rebel_v rebel_v against_o who_o certain_o he_o mean_v against_o the_o roman_n but_o how_o can_v they_o rebel_v before_o they_o profess_v to_o be_v subject_a assure_o these_o fierce_a nation_n he_o speak_v of_o swear_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o homage_n to_o romulus_n nor_o rome_n when_o inadvertency_n his_o inadvertency_n he_o first_o found_v it_o if_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o dominion_n of_o stranger_n they_o do_v what_o nature_n command_v they_o and_o be_v no_o rebel_n he_o will_v find_v spain_n itself_o after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n never_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n till_o augustus_n time_n you_o see_v what_o word_n his_o inadvertency_n prompt_v he_o to_o utter_v in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o great_a rebellion_n he_o say_v two_o consul_n with_o the_o army_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o command_n to_o look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v no_o damage_n but_o this_o command_n be_v give_v many_o time_n when_o two_o consul_n do_v not_o nor_o need_v not_o bring_v their_o force_n together_o three_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
first_o whereof_o they_o quarrel_v and_o invade_v they_o and_o with_o the_o second_o break_v peace_n without_o either_o regard_n to_o justice_n or_o sense_n of_o honour_n but_o tell_v i_o have_v the_o two_o consul_n at_o cannae_n no_o more_o but_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o roman_n and_o ally_n read_v polybius_n his_o four_o book_n you_o will_v see_v they_o have_v eight_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o ally_n at_o five_o thousand_o foot_n each_o legion_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o these_o extend_v to_o eighty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o seven_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o horse_n reckon_v the_o ally_n cavalry_n double_a that_o of_o the_o roman_n read_v livy_n twenty_o second_o book_n you_o will_v see_v hannibal_n kill_v at_o that_o same_o battle_n forty_o five_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n beside_o ally_n and_o the_o same_o historian_n will_v tell_v you_o in_o plain_a language_n that_o the_o roman_a army_n at_o that_o place_n consist_v of_o fourscore_o and_o seven_o thousand_o fight_a man_n and_o before_o hannibal_n enter_v italy_n have_v the_o roman_n no_o strong_a army_n against_o the_o gaul_n than_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o man_n yes_o both_o polybius_n and_o livy_n will_v tell_v you_o of_o far_o great_a number_n read_v in_o other_o history_n whether_o marius_n have_v but_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o roman_n against_o the_o fierce_a nation_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o the_o teutones_n how_o vain_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v then_o for_o a_o author_n of_o vegetius_n his_o reputation_n to_o aver_v that_o against_o the_o mighty_a enemy_n two_o consular_a army_n each_o of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n be_v sufficient_a against_o the_o current_n of_o history_n four_o he_o lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o unquestionable_a truth_n that_o one_o consul_n vegetius_n a_o bold_a assertion_n of_o vegetius_n have_v never_o more_o than_o two_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o of_o the_o ally_n against_o the_o most_o powerful_a enemy_n be_v please_v to_o hear_v his_o own_o word_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n in_o omnibus_fw-la auctoribus_fw-la invenitur_fw-la singulos_fw-la consules_a adversus_fw-la host_n copiâ—sissimos_fw-la non_fw-la amplius_fw-la quam_fw-la binas_fw-la duxisse_fw-la legiones_fw-la additis_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la seciorum_fw-la in_o all_o author_n say_v he_o it_o be_v find_v that_o every_o consul_n never_o lead_v more_o against_o the_o most_o numerous_a enemy_n than_o two_o legion_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v say_v he_o have_v write_v so_o manifest_a a_o untruth_n without_o a_o reason_n he_o add_v tanta_fw-la in_o illis_fw-la erat_fw-la exercitatio_fw-la tanta_fw-la fiducia_fw-la ut_fw-la cuivis_fw-la bello_fw-la dua_fw-la legiones_fw-la crederentur_fw-la sufficere_fw-la they_o be_v so_o well_o train_v and_o have_v so_o great_a confidence_n that_o two_o legion_n be_v think_v to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o any_o war._n do_v ever_o man_n write_v so_o if_o two_o legion_n be_v sufficient_a in_o any_o war_n why_o be_v four_o legion_n and_o two_o consul_n employ_v against_o the_o fierce_a nation_n he_o just_a now_o speak_v of_o but_o i_o will_v come_v near_o he_o and_o tell_v he_o that_o it_o be_v very_o often_o find_v in_o author_n that_o one_o consul_n or_o general_n have_v the_o conduct_n of_o more_o than_o two_o legion_n and_o therefore_o vegetius_n his_o word_n that_o i_o cite_v last_o must_v either_o be_v false_a or_o those_o author_n who_o i_o shall_v cite_v do_v gross_o abuse_v we_o i_o shall_v not_o repeat_v the_o business_n of_o can_v but_o be_v please_v to_o take_v these_o other_o instance_n when_o caesar_n hear_v of_o the_o dreadful_a preparation_n of_o the_o helvetian_o to_o stop_v caesar_n instance_n of_o late_a time_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o caesar_n that_o inundation_n he_o post_v to_o italy_n and_o raise_v two_o new_a legion_n join_v they_o with_o 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eleven_o at_o pharsalia_n beside_o a_o world_n of_o auxiliary_n and_o there_o caesar_n have_v eight_o and_o at_o brundisium_n when_o he_o be_v in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o fly_a senate_n he_o have_v twelve_o legion_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o great_a caesar_n the_o most_o dare_a consul_n that_o ever_o be_v think_v not_o two_o legion_n sufficient_a against_o any_o enemy_n or_o in_o any_o war._n before_o his_o time_n the_o two_o consul_n marius_n and_o scipio_n join_v their_o army_n together_o against_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o scipio_n marius_n and_o scipio_n as_o florus_n tell_v we_o lose_v in_o the_o battle_n eighty_o thousand_o roman_n and_o forty_o thousand_o servant_n and_o baggage-man_n sure_a in_o these_o two_o consular_a army_n there_o be_v four_o legion_n four_o time_n tell_v and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v that_o mark_n anthony_n the_o triumvir_n enter_v media_n with_o eighteen_o legion_n and_o sixteen_o thousand_o horse_n all_o these_o consul_n and_o their_o legate_n live_v long_o before_o vegetius_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o have_v read_v all_o their_o story_n but_o i_o shall_v lead_v he_o up_o to_o those_o time_n when_o his_o time_n of_o more_o ancient_a time_n roman_n be_v not_o so_o powerful_a as_o to_o raise_v so_o numerous_a legion_n and_o yet_o in_o they_o we_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o consul_n be_v not_o stint_v to_o two_o legion_n a_o piece_n as_o he_o have_v very_o confident_o declare_v they_o be_v polybius_n say_v that_o before_o the_o second_o war_n before_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n punic_a war_n the_o roman_n have_v several_a hundred_o thousand_o in_o arm_n i_o hope_v then_o no_o man_n except_o our_o author_n will_v say_v that_o every_o consul_n have_v but_o two_o legion_n allot_v he_o in_o the_o consulship_n of_o young_a camillus_n the_o city_n be_v environ_v camillus_n young_a camillus_n with_o enemy_n ten_o legion_n be_v levy_v two_o of_o they_o be_v leave_v for_o defence_n of_o rome_n four_o be_v give_v to_o the_o prator_n and_o camillus_n take_v four_o to_o himself_o each_o consist_v of_o 4_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n thus_o we_o see_v not_o only_o that_o a_o consular_a army_n have_v four_o roman_a legion_n in_o it_o a_o thing_n deny_v by_o vegetius_n but_o a_o praetorian_a one_o have_v four_o to_o which_o our_o author_n allow_v but_o one_o you_o may_v read_v this_o in_o livy_n seven_o book_n and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o consul_n popilius_n lenus_fw-la march_v with_o four_o full_a legion_n against_o the_o enemy_n lenus_fw-la popilius_n lenus_fw-la leave_v a_o considerable_a army_n at_o rome_n to_o wait_v on_o all_o hazard_n in_o his_o six_o book_n he_o say_v old_a camillus_n who_o defeat_v the_o gaul_n march_v with_o four_o legion_n against_o camillus_n old_a camillus_n the_o volscian_n one_o instance_n more_o which_o may_v serve_v to_o decide_v the_o question_n if_o there_o be_v any_o the_o same_o historian_n in_o his_o second_o book_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o dictator_n marcus_n valerius_n levy_v and_o enroll_v ten_o legion_n whereof_o he_o give_v valerius_n marcus_n valerius_n three_o to_o every_o consul_n and_o keep_v four_o to_o himself_o observe_v that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o latin_n be_v ally_n and_o levy_v their_o proportion_n as_o many_o foot_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v and_o twice_o as_o many_o horse_n if_o not_o more_o of_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o observe_v also_o that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o roman_a seignory_n be_v of_o no_o large_a extent_n for_o livy_n speak_v of_o these_o levy_n of_o valerius_n say_v so_o many_o legion_n be_v never_o levy_v before_o he_o mean_v never_o at_o one_o time_n these_o be_v sufficient_a enough_o to_o prove_v vegetius_n to_o have_v be_v too_o confident_a when_o he_o say_v that_o never_a roman_a consul_n conduct_v more_o than_o two_o roman_a legion_n even_o against_o the_o most_o numerous_a enemy_n but_o he_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n for_o all_o
physician_n who_o be_v ordain_v for_o their_o cure_n he_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o chariot_n cart_n wagon_n and_o packhorse_n of_o all_o the_o mechanic_n instrument_n for_o cut_v and_o prepare_v timber_n and_o wood_n and_o ordnance_n lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o ordnance_n other_o matter_n for_o make_v warlike_a machine_n and_o the_o engine_n themselves_o all_o this_o seem_v to_o make_v this_o officer_n to_o be_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o roman_a artillery_n the_o praefectus_fw-la fabrorum_fw-la be_v he_o who_o most_o resemble_v our_o modern_a master_n of_o artillery_n praefectus_fw-la fabrorum_fw-la or_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o ordnance_n or_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o have_v the_o prime_a care_n of_o the_o armamentarium_fw-la or_o magazine_n in_o which_o be_v ordinary_o not_o only_a store_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o arm_n and_o engine_n for_o expugnation_n and_o propugnation_n of_o town_n and_o strong_a hold_n but_o also_o of_o all_o kind_n of_o instrument_n and_o material_n for_o make_v they_o and_o more_o particular_o for_o the_o make_n up_o and_o defend_v their_o hibernâ—_n or_o winter-quarter_n in_o which_o be_v shop_n for_o make_v all_o manner_n of_o arm_n and_o weapon_n both_o for_o offence_n and_o defence_n and_o under_o his_o conduct_n be_v also_o all_o manner_n of_o material_n for_o make_v bridge_n for_o which_o purpose_n little_a boat_n be_v carry_v along_o with_o their_o army_n with_o smith_n carpenter_n joiner_n and_o other_o artificer_n with_o those_o who_o have_v skill_n to_o work_v in_o mine_n for_o though_o the_o soldier_n not_o only_o help_v but_o also_o perfect_v most_o of_o those_o work_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o depute_a who_o have_v skill_n both_o to_o work_v themselves_o and_o to_o direct_v other_o neither_o will_v this_o prove_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n carry_v pionier_n along_o with_o they_o for_o these_o be_v the_o soldier_n but_o only_o that_o some_o company_n be_v depute_v to_o who_o more_o special_a care_n all_o these_o work_n be_v recommend_v and_o these_o be_v of_o a_o very_a old_a institution_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o serviâ—â—_n tulliuâ—_n king_n of_o rome_n for_o he_o appoint_v two_o company_n of_o carpenter_n and_o smith_n for_o that_o purpose_n we_o read_v also_o frequent_o of_o legate_n in_o roman_a army_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o he_o be_v send_v with_o the_o consul_n to_o represent_v the_o senate_n and_o people_n by_o who_o he_o be_v choose_v and_o sometime_o the_o consul_n have_v power_n to_o choose_v his_o own_o â—â—gate_n he_o sit_v in_o council_n with_o the_o consul_n and_o give_v his_o advice_n but_o neither_o he_o nor_o the_o whole_a council_n may_v impose_v on_o the_o consul_n who_o constant_o keep_v a_o negative_a voice_n and_o the_o sovereign_a command_n over_o all_o in_o the_o consul_n absence_n the_o legate_n command_v absolute_o and_o before_o he_o go_v fix_v lictor_n or_o sergeant_n with_o axe_n and_o rods._n but_o when_o the_o consul_n return_v the_o legate_n command_v cease_v in_o process_n of_o time_n there_o be_v two_o legate_n ordain_v legate_n legate_n for_o each_o army_n and_o thereafter_o as_o many_o legate_n as_o there_o be_v legion_n over_o which_o they_o have_v the_o command_n according_a as_o lipsius_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n declare_v in_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o oppose_v he_o though_o i_o find_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o history_n i_o be_o sure_a neither_o pompey_n nor_o caesar_n have_v so_o many_o legate_n as_o they_o have_v legion_n either_o when_o they_o be_v present_v themselves_o or_o when_o they_o be_v absent_a pompey_n have_v seven_o legion_n in_o spain_n and_o with_o they_o but_o two_o legate_n these_o be_v petreius_n and_o aâ—ranius_n when_o caesar_n be_v in_o england_n he_o have_v but_o one_o legate_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o a_o great_a cavalry_n in_o gaul_n and_o that_o be_v labienus_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o either_o of_o those_o two_o great_a captain_n have_v a_o legate_n for_o each_o legion_n that_o fight_v at_o pharsalia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o perhaps_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n there_o be_v a_o legate_n for_o every_o province_n and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o legate_n or_o more_o for_o every_o army_n beside_o in_o every_o army_n there_o be_v a_o quaestor_n he_o be_v the_o treasurer_n keep_v the_o casâ—â—_n treasurer_n questor_n or_o treasurer_n pay_v the_o army_n distribute_v the_o wheat_n to_o the_o man_n and_o the_o barley_n to_o the_o hoâ—ses_n to_o he_o be_v deliver_v all_o the_o pillage_n that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n eitherin_o village_n town_n or_o camp_n he_o sell_v it_o all_o and_o out_o of_o the_o money_n give_v either_o the_o army_n their_o wage_n or_o donative_n according_a as_o he_o have_v order_n from_o the_o consul_n who_o direction_n he_o be_v bind_v punctual_o to_o obey_v though_o the_o power_n and_o command_v of_o a_o dictator_n be_v uncontrollable_a in_o matter_n dictator_n dictator_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war_n yet_o in_o the_o field_n his_o authority_n be_v no_o great_a than_o that_o of_o a_o consul_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n the_o first_o can_v not_o be_v call_v in_o question_n afterward_o whereas_o the_o second_o might_n where_o a_o dictator_n be_v he_o choose_v his_o own_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o though_o this_o title_n seem_v to_o import_v horse_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n that_o he_o who_o have_v it_o have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o foot_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o under_o the_o dictator_n he_o command_v both_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n his_o lieutenant-general_n thus_o you_o have_v in_o this_o discourse_n and_o in_o those_o of_o the_o infantry_n and_o cavalry_n a_o full_a account_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n that_o i_o have_v read_v of_o in_o any_o author_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o roman_a army_n though_o the_o army_n which_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o this_o and_o the_o forego_n chapter_n have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n and_o that_o vegetius_n make_v a_o praetorian_a army_n to_o be_v but_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o consular_a one_o yet_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o bring_v instance_n from_o history_n to_o prove_v that_o great_a arâ—â—es_n than_o these_o consist_v of_o four_o legion_n have_v be_v command_v not_o only_o by_o conful_n but_o by_o â—roâ—â—â—â—uls_n praetor_n and_o proprator_n in_o several_a of_o the_o roman_a war_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n when_o he_o be_v to_o march_v from_o the_o city_n expedition_n the_o consul_n state_n when_o he_o go_v to_o any_o expedition_n be_v oblige_v to_o sacrifice_v in_o the_o capitol_n and_o there_o to_o take_v his_o auspex_n the_o foreboding_a omen_n or_o as_o philemon_n holland_n call_v they_o the_o oss_n of_o his_o good_a fortune_n in_o that_o expedition_n and_o then_o he_o ride_v out_o of_o the_o city_n in_o great_a state_n and_o splendour_n paludatus_fw-la in_o a_o glorious_a and_o rich_a embroider_a coat_n of_o arm_n convoy_v by_o a_o gallant_a company_n of_o his_o choice_a friend_n with_o his_o lictor_n or_o sergeant_n before_o he_o with_o axe_n and_o bundle_n of_o rod_n the_o ordinary_a number_n whereof_o if_o the_o general_n be_v a_o consul_n be_v twelve_o these_o solemn_a rite_n ceremony_n and_o custom_n may_v not_o be_v neglect_v if_o they_o be_v the_o general_n have_v neither_o the_o prayer_n and_o good_a wish_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o the_o willing_a obedience_n of_o their_o army_n caius_z claudius_z going_z to_z illyria_z go_v from_o rome_n in_o the_o nighttime_n without_o any_o solemnity_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o his_o army_n he_o find_v his_o soldier_n in_o a_o mutiny_n which_o though_o he_o punish_v severe_o enough_o yet_o he_o find_v himself_o necessitate_v not_o only_o to_o go_v back_o to_o aquileia_n but_o to_o return_v to_o rome_n itself_o there_o to_o make_v his_o vow_n sacrifice_n and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n in_o pomp_n according_a to_o the_o accustom_a manner_n but_o for_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o roman_a army_n we_o see_v not_o yet_o where_o the_o velite_n neglect_v velite_n neglect_v be_v marshal_v nor_o how_o they_o fight_v we_o must_v believe_v that_o which_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v marshal_v behind_o the_o triarii_n and_o that_o they_o march_v through_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v to_o the_o van_n and_o fight_v there_o till_o they_o do_v either_o beat_v the_o enemy_n or_o be_v beat_v by_o he_o back_o to_o the_o rear_n if_o any_o desire_n to_o see_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n he_o may_v meet_v with_o one_o of_o they_o in_o terduzzi_n his_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a machine_n and_o another_o in_o lipsius_n his_o commentary_n on_o polybius_n each_o after_o the_o fancy_n
of_o the_o author_n but_o since_o i_o intend_v not_o in_o this_o treatise_n to_o present_v my_o reader_n with_o any_o figure_n of_o my_o own_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v he_o with_o any_o that_o belong_v to_o another_o chap._n xviii_o of_o several_a figure_n of_o army_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o battle_n if_o a_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a have_v not_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o he_o be_v to_o fight_v he_o must_v marshal_v his_o army_n according_a to_o the_o advantage_n or_o difficulty_n of_o it_o but_o if_o he_o may_v make_v choice_n of_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n than_o no_o doubt_n he_o may_v model_n his_o force_n as_o he_o please_v without_o tie_v himself_o to_o any_o other_o prescript_n or_o precedent_n of_o other_o notwithstanding_o which_o he_o must_v be_v very_o wary_a not_o to_o cast_v his_o army_n in_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o intricacy_n such_o as_o may_v make_v both_o the_o order_n and_o observe_v 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to_o qualify_v batallion_n five_o figure_n of_o batallion_n with_o the_o title_n of_o barbarian_n be_v for_o most_o part_n of_o five_o kind_n these_o be_v the_o quadrate_n or_o square_n the_o wedg_n the_o tenaille_n or_o tongue_n the_o saw_n and_o the_o globe_n the_o quadrate_n or_o square_n they_o subdivide_v into_o three_o sort_n to_o wit_n the_o turrite_n the_o lie_v lateritial_a and_o the_o simple_a lateritial_a the_o turrite_n be_v that_o battle_n turrite_n quadrate_n turrite_n who_o height_n or_o depth_n be_v much_o great_a than_o its_o front_n as_o draw_v up_o a_o thousand_o man_n six_o deep_a let_v they_o face_n either_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o leave_v you_o shall_v see_v they_o but_o six_o in_o front_n and_o a_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o deep_a it_o be_v the_o quadrate_n turrite_v so_o call_v because_o its_o height_n or_o depth_n make_v it_o look_v like_o a_o tower_n it_o be_v but_o seldom_o use_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o useless_a the_o simple_a latrice_n be_v 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the_o chicken-master_n to_o usurp_v a_o power_n to_o persuade_v or_o dissuade_v the_o consul_n from_o fight_v when_o they_o please_v instead_o of_o these_o in_o our_o modern_a war_n before_o the_o battle_n the_o turk_n with_o great_a devotion_n attend_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o both_o he_o and_o other_o mahometan_n howl_v loud_a enough_o to_o their_o impostor_n who_o be_v otherwise_o so_o take_v up_o that_o he_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o hear_v their_o habbling_n christians_n either_o humble_o offer_v or_o shall_v humble_o offer_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o their_o prayer_n to_o the_o true_a god_n who_o give_v victory_n to_o who_o he_o please_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n they_o sing_v a_o paan_n and_o a_o hymn_n crux_fw-la vâ—cit_fw-la after_o the_o heathen_n think_v they_o have_v make_v their_o deity_n propitious_a their_o chieftain_n labdure_v to_o encourage_v their_o army_n with_o good_a word_n speech_n oration_n and_o promise_v of_o reward_n their_o speech_n be_v 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that_o first_o legion_n in_o the_o three_o place_n march_v the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o its_o baggage_n after_o it_o four_o the_o second_o roman_a legion_n follow_v by_o both_o its_o baggage_n and_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n which_o in_o the_o five_o place_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o second_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n that_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o infantry_n the_o place_n where_o the_o cavalry_n be_v to_o march_v be_v uncertain_a sometime_o both_o extraordinary_a and_o ordinary_a horse_n march_v all_o in_o the_o van_n sometime_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o on_o both_o the_o flank_n without_o the_o baggage_n according_a as_o the_o general_n resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o take_v up_o his_o measure_n by_o the_o nearness_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o either_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n and_o sometime_o the_o cavalry_n march_v divide_v into_o van_n and_o rear_n polybius_n show_v we_o also_o that_o if_o there_o be_v ground_n enough_o and_o great_a suspicion_n of_o a_o enemy_n than_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la of_o every_o legion_n be_v send_v before_o they_o which_o they_o follow_v themselves_o after_o they_o come_v the_o baggage_n of_o the_o principas_fw-la and_o then_o themselves_o follow_v in_o the_o three_o place_n by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o triarii_n which_o themselves_o follow_v if_o a_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o van_n the_o baggage_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v immediate_o turn_v to_o a_o side_n and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o have_v be_v be_v possess_v by_o the_o hastati_fw-la themselves_z the_o same_o be_v do_v by_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la and_o we_o may_v suppose_v that_o if_o a_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n of_o the_o triarii_n be_v turn_v aside_o and_o its_o place_n possess_v
by_o conversion_n or_o face_v to_o the_o rear_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o two_o batallion_n in_o that_o same_o manner_n be_v to_o second_v they_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o one_o legion_n be_v speak_v of_o all_o the_o four_o of_o a_o consular_a army_n the_o two_o roman_a legion_n and_o the_o two_o of_o the_o ally_n but_o in_o polybius_n his_o description_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n there_o arise_v baggage_n some_o difficulty_n and_o doubt_n concern_v the_o march_n of_o the_o baggage_n to_o i_o some_o difficulty_n which_o lipsius_n have_v not_o at_o all_o clear_v nay_o nor_o speak_v â—f_n though_o he_o speak_v enough_o of_o that_o which_o may_v be_v well_o enough_o understand_v without_o he_o as_o first_o consider_v how_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o the_o ground_n will_v always_o allow_v the_o roman_n to_o march_v in_o the_o order_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o that_o be_v every_o great_a batallion_n of_o a_o legion_n to_o have_v its_o baggage_n in_o the_o van_n of_o it_o for_o by_o such_o other_o not_o at_o all_o clear_v by_o polybius_n or_o any_o other_o a_o march_n in_o a_o country_n full_a of_o hedge_n ditch_n and_o enclosure_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a but_o their_o legion_n will_v be_v wonderful_o embarass_v with_o their_o servant_n horse_n and_o baggage_n neither_o can_v the_o three_o batallion_n of_o every_o legion_n or_o of_o all_o the_o three_o upon_z the_o attack_z of_o a_o enemy_n make_v their_o evolution_n from_o among_o their_o baggage_n so_o dextrous_o and_o ready_o but_o they_o may_v by_o a_o active_a pursuer_fw-mi be_v bring_v to_o inextricable_a difficulty_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o time_n have_v rob_v we_o of_o a_o page_n or_o two_o of_o polybius_n his_o write_n which_o will_v have_v explain_v this_o and_o have_v make_v we_o know_v his_o own_o sense_n better_a than_o either_o lipsius_n or_o tâ—rduzzi_n do_v the_o last_o of_o these_o two_o do_v wonderful_o please_v himself_o in_o affirm_v that_o a_o army_n shall_v always_o march_v in_o that_o very_a order_n wherein_o he_o who_o command_v it_o resolve_v to_o fight_v here_o he_o fight_v with_o his_o own_o shadow_n for_o i_o suppose_v none_o will_v deny_v that_o a_o army_n shall_v march_v in_o batallion_n great_a body_n brigade_n and_o squadron_n yea_o all_o in_o breast_n if_o the_o ground_n will_v permit_v it_o but_o if_o not_o than_o i_o hope_v terduzzi_n will_v permit_v a_o general_n to_o march_v in_o such_o body_n small_a or_o great_a as_o with_o conveniency_n he_o can_v but_o what_o if_o i_o deny_v to_o terduzzi_n the_o thing_n itself_o for_o i_o dare_v aver_v never_o roman_a chieftain_n intend_v to_o fight_v a_o enemy_n in_o that_o order_n as_o polybius_n make_v the_o consular_a army_n to_o march_v for_o who_o will_v fancy_v the_o hastati_fw-la fight_v with_o their_o baggage_n before_o they_o or_o that_o the_o principes_fw-la advance_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la through_o their_o own_o wagon_n and_o cart_n but_o grant_v he_o all_o he_o say_v to_o be_v true_a what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n which_o be_v whether_o the_o order_n the_o baggage_n to_o march_v between_o the_o several_a batallion_n of_o a_o legion_n be_v conducible_a to_o obtain_v the_o great_a and_o main_a end_n and_o scope_n of_o all_o army_n which_o be_v to_o overcome_v a_o enemy_n and_o since_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o i_o be_o still_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o polybius_n his_o right_a meaning_n be_v not_o yet_o full_o elucidate_v to_o we_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o will_v deal_v yet_o more_o free_o i_o do_v not_o well_o or_o rather_o not_o at_o all_o understand_v baggage_n roman_n soldier_n carry_v all_o their_o own_o baggage_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o several_a batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n for_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o soldier_n be_v carry_v on_o their_o own_o back_n if_o all_o be_v true_a that_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o former_o except_o their_o tent_n and_o their_o hand-mill_n and_o these_o i_o think_v may_v with_o little_a loss_n have_v take_v their_o hazard_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o every_o legion_n nay_o of_o the_o whole_a army_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o van_n or_o they_o may_v secure_o enough_o have_v be_v send_v to_o the_o van_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n so_o as_o still_o polybius_n his_o divide_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o legion_n into_o three_o part_n and_o put_v a_o three_o before_o every_o batallion_n be_v mysterious_a to_o i_o lipsius_n stand_v gaze_v and_o admire_v at_o the_o excellent_a order_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n and_o cry_v out_o mira_n eorum_fw-la hic_fw-la providentia_fw-la &_o dispositio_fw-la their_o providence_n and_o order_n here_o say_v he_o be_v wonderful_a but_o i_o wonder_v much_o more_o that_o this_o order_n of_o they_o do_v not_o sometime_o bring_v mischief_n upon_o they_o for_o first_o you_o be_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o dare_a roman_n for_o most_o part_n seek_v their_o enemy_n who_o in_o that_o case_n can_v not_o but_o be_v in_o their_o van_n either_o march_v to_o mete_v they_o or_o march_v away_o from_o they_o if_o the_o enemy_n march_v to_o meet_v they_o the_o roman_a baggage_n either_o before_o the_o legion_n itself_o or_o between_o the_o several_a body_n of_o it_o can_v not_o but_o give_v they_o those_o inevitable_a embarass_n and_o inconvenience_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v if_o a_o enemy_n march_v from_o they_o why_o do_v so_o prudent_a a_o people_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v make_v their_o own_o baggage_n a_o hindrance_n to_o they_o in_o overtake_v that_o enemy_n in_o who_o pursuit_n they_o march_v for_o let_v any_o man_n consider_v it_o right_n the_o great_a baggage_n that_o be_v the_o artillery_n engine_n and_o machine_n or_o the_o stuff_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v their_o spare_a arm_n the_o shop_n where_o and_o utensil_n wherewith_o they_o be_v make_v the_o consul_n pavilion_n and_o great_a baggage_n the_o treasurer_n train_n of_o money_n and_o proviant_a and_o many_o time_n of_o plunder_n will_v take_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n between_o the_o several_a legion_n and_o troop_n that_o without_o these_o hindrance_n a_o consular_a army_n may_v have_v join_v a_o enemy_n in_o less_o time_n by_o half_a than_o it_o can_v do_v with_o they_o which_o caesar_n speedy_a march_n from_o gâ—rgâ—via_n after_o the_o aeduan_o without_o baggage_n do_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v what_o advantage_n the_o nervian_o propose_v to_o themselves_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o roman_a baggage_n between_o legion_n and_o sure_o these_o advantage_n have_v be_v great_a if_o every_o batallion_n of_o a_o legion_n have_v have_v its_o baggage_n in_o the_o van_n of_o it_o will_v be_v know_v to_o any_o who_o will_v attentive_o read_v câ—sars_n second_o book_n of_o the_o gallic_a waâ—_n for_o they_o have_v learn_v how_o the_o roman_n use_v to_o march_v resolve_v to_o set_v upon_o his_o first_o legion_n while_o its_o baggage_n give_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o â—est_n to_o come_v up_o to_o its_o assistance_n câ—sar_n who_o be_v as_o happy_a as_o prudent_a and_o as_o prudent_a as_o fortunate_a learn_v their_o design_n by_o his_o spy_n and_o present_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o country_n march_n he_o command_v his_o cavalry_n to_o set_v forward_o and_o after_o it_o six_o legion_n and_o after_o they_o the_o baggage_n of_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o in_o the_o rearguard_n two_o legion_n more_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v so_o he_o may_v have_v receive_v a_o notable_a yea_o a_o indelible_a affront_n from_o that_o stout_a and_o warlike_a nation_n which_o as_o it_o be_v leave_v he_o not_o the_o field_n without_o a_o very_a bloody_a resistance_n nor_o be_v this_o the_o only_a time_n câ—sar_n do_v so_o though_o it_o be_v the_o only_a time_n mention_v by_o lipsius_n and_o terduzzi_n for_o when_o he_o advance_v with_o four_o legion_n against_o the_o bellâ—vaci_n he_o cause_v three_o legion_n to_o march_v first_o than_o the_o baggage_n which_o his_o four_o legion_n follow_v perhaps_o he_o practise_v this_o more_o frequent_o though_o it_o be_v not_o often_o mention_v and_o in_o all_o his_o retreat_n he_o ever_o send_v his_o whole_a baggage_n to_o the_o van_n of_o his_o army_n thus_o you_o see_v great_a câ—sar_n who_o live_v long_o after_o polybius_n do_v not_o tie_v himself_o so_o strict_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n but_o he_o both_o can_v and_o do_v alter_v it_o according_a as_o he_o think_v it_o stand_v with_o the_o conveniency_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o so_o shall_v all_o prudent_a captain_n do_v but_o i_o can_v get_v one_o view_n of_o the_o velite_n in_o all_o this_o march_n and_o here_o our_o author_n march_v
we_o can_v tell_v how_o the_o vâ—lites_n march_v leave_v we_o again_o to_o our_o conjecture_n certain_o if_o the_o whole_a six_o book_n of_o polybius_n his_o history_n be_v extant_a and_o if_o some_o parcel_n of_o it_o be_v not_o lose_v as_o i_o shrewd_o suspect_v there_o be_v he_o forget_v himself_o when_o he_o forget_v to_o tell_v we_o where_o and_o how_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v who_o make_v up_o more_o than_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o infantry_n march_v for_o to_o tell_v we_o as_o lipsius_n do_v that_o they_o march_v where_o the_o consul_n appoint_v they_o be_v to_o tell_v we_o just_a nothing_o for_o neither_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n nor_o horse_n march_v where_o they_o please_v but_o where_o the_o general_n order_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o probable_a and_o a_o very_a rational_a conjecture_n that_o the_o velite_n march_v near_a that_o place_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v whether_o that_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n since_o they_o be_v by_o their_o skirmish_n to_o begin_v the_o fight_n but_o i_o fear_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v have_v more_o grope_v before_o we_o find_v the_o quarter_n where_o they_o lodge_v observe_v that_o the_o legion_n of_o both_o the_o roman_n and_o socii_fw-la do_v change_v van_n and_o rear_n daily_o by_o turn_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o the_o roman_a ambulatory_a march_n be_v twenty_o italian_a mile_n in_o four_o hour_n and_o the_o cursory_a twenty_o five_o but_o i_o suppose_v without_o baggage_n and_o with_o it_o twenty_o mile_n be_v vnius_fw-la diei_fw-la justum_fw-la iter_fw-la the_o just_a march_n of_o a_o army_n for_o one_o day_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n after_o a_o long_a and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o hard_a and_o tedious_a march_n it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o village_n quarter_a iâ—_n town_n and_o village_n lodge_v our_o consular_a army_n and_o lodge_v it_o must_v be_v in_o town_n and_o village_n or_o in_o the_o field_n if_o in_o the_o first_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o demand_v from_o their_o host_n but_o bed_n and_o lodging_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v for_o all_o they_o spend_v in_o meat_n drink_n or_o fire_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o legate_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n cause_v they_o to_o furnish_v the_o army_n as_o they_o march_v through_o their_o jurisdiction_n out_o of_o the_o public_a magazine_n which_o be_v discount_v from_o their_o wage_n by_o the_o treasurer_n or_o cause_v the_o country_n people_n to_o bring_v in_o provision_n of_o all_o kind_n as_o to_o open_a market_n where_o they_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o soldier_n for_o ready_a money_n at_o the_o ordinary_a rate_n of_o the_o country_n in_o which_o the_o army_n chance_v to_o be_v the_o contravener_n and_o disobeyer_n of_o order_n be_v severe_o punish_v the_o way_n in_o which_o officer_n and_o soldier_n use_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o house_n to_o avoid_v strife_n between_o they_o and_o their_o host_n be_v this_o the_o whole_a house_n be_v as_o equal_o divide_v as_o may_v be_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n choose_v the_o first_o the_o soldier_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o return_v to_o the_o host_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n have_v two_o three_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o field_n which_o we_o call_v encamp_v encamp_v soldier_n hard_a labour_n in_o encamp_v and_o which_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n the_o common_a soldier_n have_v a_o hard_a labour_n than_o in_o their_o day_n march_v in_o regard_n beside_o the_o measure_n the_o ground_n they_o be_v to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n with_o ditch_n rampart_n and_o pallisado_n and_o to_o pitch_v the_o tent_n of_o all_o their_o commander_n and_o cleanse_v their_o quarter_n before_o they_o get_v leave_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o own_o tent_n or_o hut_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o castrametation_n which_o be_v one_o part_n of_o encamp_v after_o the_o roman_a way_n we_o be_v to_o borrow_v all_o our_o light_n from_o polybius_n and_o our_o own_o conjecture_n for_o vegetius_n speak_v but_o very_o little_a of_o it_o and_o that_o little_a be_v in_o very_o general_a term_n but_o for_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n we_o be_v more_o oblige_v to_o vegetius_n than_o polybius_n the_o first_o spend_v five_o full_a chapter_n on_o encamp_v to_o wit_n the_o twenty_o first_o twenty_o second_o twenty_o three_o twenty_o four_o and_o twenty_o five_o of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o either_o for_o fear_v that_o he_o have_v forget_v something_o in_o all_o these_o chapter_n or_o else_o according_a to_o his_o custom_n to_o refresh_v his_o own_o or_o our_o memory_n he_o fall_v again_o to_o his_o castrametation_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n will_v amount_v to_o this_o castrametation_n sum_n of_o what_o vegetius_n say_v of_o castrametation_n he_o lament_v that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o fortify_v camp_n be_v wear_v out_o for_o want_v whereof_o say_v he_o we_o have_v know_v many_o roman_a army_n afflict_v by_o the_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n beside_o say_v he_o if_o they_o be_v worsted_n in_o any_o battle_n have_v no_o camp_n to_o retire_v to_o they_o fall_v by_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o sword_n unrevenged_a like_a brute_n neither_o do_v the_o enemy_n make_v a_o end_n of_o kill_v they_o till_o he_o be_v weary_a of_o pursue_v they_o he_o say_v the_o army_n be_v to_o encamp_v where_o it_o may_v have_v store_n of_o fuel_n wood_n water_n and_o fodder_n where_o the_o air_n be_v wholesome_a and_o free_a from_o marsh_n and_o if_o it_o be_v to_o stay_v any_o time_n it_o must_v be_v well_o look_v to_o that_o no_o hill_n be_v near_o from_o whence_o a_o enemy_n may_v infest_v it_o and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o inundation_n of_o water_n the_o camp_n be_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o extent_n that_o neither_o man_n beast_n nor_o baggage_n be_v pinch_v for_o want_v of_o room_n nor_o must_v it_o be_v so_o large_a but_o that_o the_o fortification_n of_o it_o in_o all_o its_o circumference_n may_v be_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o man_n that_o be_v within_o it_o this_o be_v all_o he_o say_v of_o castrametation_n as_o to_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n he_o tell_v we_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o the_o twenty_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n and_o it_o be_v short_o this_o that_o there_o be_v three_o several_a sort_n or_o way_n of_o fortify_v a_o camp_n first_o if_o there_o be_v but_o little_a danger_n the_o rampart_n shall_v be_v make_v but_o three_o foot_n high_a suppose_v above_o the_o line_n and_o this_o rampart_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o turf_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ditch_n shall_v be_v and_o the_o 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point_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o last_o for_o upon_o the_o one_o hand_n i_o think_v it_o agree_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o praetorian_a port_n shall_v have_v be_v near_a the_o enemy_n as_o out_o of_o which_o the_o army_n be_v to_o march_v in_o quest_n of_o that_o enemy_n and_o no_o doubt_n the_o consul_n will_v choose_v to_o lodge_v as_o near_o the_o enemy_n as_o he_o can_v and_o on_o the_o head_n of_o that_o army_n of_o his_o own_o which_o face_v constant_o towards_o the_o enemy_n since_o he_o do_v not_o quarter_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o army_n and_o conform_v to_o this_o we_o find_v the_o front_n of_o lipsius_n reason_n for_o lipsius_n the_o several_a quarter_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n that_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n to_o face_n all_o towards_o the_o praetorium_n and_o via_fw-la principalis_fw-la on_o the_o other_o side_n whereof_o be_v the_o tribune_n quarter_v neither_o do_v it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o the_o consul_n and_o 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that_o they_o carry_v it_o about_o with_o they_o by_o turn_n the_o first_o very_o improbable_a and_o the_o second_o exceed_o ridiculous_a he_o may_v have_v learn_v of_o the_o jew_n and_o all_o late_a castrametator_n too_o to_o have_v send_v they_o for_o such_o a_o errand_n a_o pretty_a way_n without_o the_o camp_n the_o same_o lipsius_n and_o to_o second_v he_o terduzzi_n be_v very_o prolix_a in_o the_o commendation_n of_o the_o regularity_n form_n conveniency_n and_o order_n of_o this_o camp_n of_o which_o a_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o believe_v no_o more_o than_o what_o agree_v with_o his_o own_o reason_n among_o other_o thing_n the_o first_o of_o they_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o no_o woman_n be_v suffer_v in_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o because_o he_o foresee_v that_o it_o camp_n woman_n in_o roman_a camp_n may_v be_v object_v that_o scipio_n the_o numantine_a in_o his_o reformation_n of_o military_a discipline_n discharge_v the_o camp_n of_o all_o whore_n from_o whence_o 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give_v condition_n and_o article_n which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o twenty_o six_o chapter_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war._n i_o know_v not_o whether_o amilcar_n hannibal_n father_n deal_v candid_o when_o he_o treat_v and_o capitulate_v with_o spendius_n and_o antaritus_n the_o ringleader_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a tax_v amilcar_n tax_v revolt_a mercenary_n and_o make_v it_o a_o article_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o carthage_n to_o choose_v any_o ten_o of_o the_o rebel_n they_o please_v and_o to_o dispose_v of_o they_o as_o they_o think_v good_a and_o when_o this_o be_v agree_v to_o he_o immediate_o seize_v on_o they_o two_o as_o two_o of_o these_o ten_o sure_o if_o they_o have_v think_v they_o have_v be_v in_o that_o danger_n they_o have_v never_o sign_v a_o paper_n tend_v so_o direct_o to_o their_o own_o destruction_n and_o therefore_o that_o article_n be_v sign_v against_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o capitulator_n and_o so_o 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same_o caesar_n give_v a_o caveat_n to_o all_o commander_n in_o chief_a either_o of_o army_n or_o part_n of_o army_n or_o of_o city_n or_o castle_n not_o to_o parley_v in_o person_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o sad_a story_n how_o he_o lose_v one_o full_a legion_n and_o five_o cohort_n of_o another_o by_o the_o simple_a folly_n of_o his_o legate_n sabinus_n first_o in_o believe_v the_o intelligence_n of_o ambiorix_n a_o profess_a enemy_n and_o next_o in_o go_v in_o person_n with_o his_o it_o his_o great_a loss_n by_o it_o principal_a officer_n to_o treat_v and_o parley_v with_o the_o same_o ambiorix_n upon_o the_o bare_a word_n or_o parol_n of_o a_o faithless_a barbarian_a by_o who_o he_o and_o his_o officer_n be_v immediate_o kill_v and_o then_o their_o force_n present_o after_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n and_o take_v take_v here_o a_o perfidious_a trick_n of_o a_o roman_a at_o a_o parley_n comius_n a_o gallic_a prince_n have_v not_o be_v very_o faithful_a to_o rome_n caesar_n legate_n labienus_n appoint_v one_o volusenus_n to_o parley_n with_o comius_n the_o gaul_n have_v get_v the_o accustom_a assurance_n come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o volusenus_n by_o order_n from_o labienus_n as_o out_o of_o friendship_n take_v he_o by_o the_o hand_n but_o hold_v it_o fast_o till_o one_o of_o his_o centurion_n give_v he_o a_o deep_a legat._n perfidy_n of_o a_o roman_a legat._n wound_n on_o the_o head_n but_o it_o not_o prove_v mortal_a comius_n escape_v and_o swear_v thereafter_o never_o to_o trust_v a_o roman_a if_o caesar_n have_v either_o cut_v off_o his_o legate_n head_n or_o according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n use_v in_o such_o case_n deliver_v he_o over_o to_o the_o incense_a gaul_n for_o this_o treacherous_a act_n than_o the_o same_o labienus_n have_v not_o afterward_o perfidious_o desert_v himself_o and_o run_v over_o to_o pompey_n sempronius_n gracchus_n be_v betray_v by_o his_o host_n leave_v his_o command_n and_o be_v proconsul_n go_v in_o person_n to_o parley_v with_o some_o carthaginian_n from_o the_o result_n whereof_o he_o expect_v syphax_n gracchus_n kill_v at_o a_o parley_n scipio_n the_o african_a question_v for_o his_o parley_n with_o syphax_n great_a matter_n but_o he_o never_o return_v for_o he_o be_v environ_v and_o kill_v with_o all_o his_o retinue_n scipio_n the_o african_a though_o a_o accomplish_a captain_n no_o doubt_n forget_v his_o duty_n when_o he_o leave_v his_o charge_n in_o spain_n and_o go_v to_o africa_n to_o treat_v with_o syphax_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o army_n and_o at_o that_o time_n accompany_v by_o asdrubal_n a_o profess_a enemy_n to_o the_o roman_a name_n and_o nation_n have_v no_o assurance_n for_o his_o safety_n but_o the_o word_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o scipio_n himself_o account_v barbarous_a and_o though_o he_o escape_v that_o hazard_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o escape_v the_o severe_a reproof_n of_o great_a fabius_n who_o to_o his_o face_n and_o in_o full_a senate_n charge_v he_o with_o this_o inexcusable_a oversight_n in_o very_o rough_a and_o bitter_a language_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o livy_n thirty_o book_n nor_o do_v i_o look_v on_o the_o personal_a parley_n between_o the_o same_o scipio_n and_o the_o famous_a hannibal_n before_o their_o last_o battle_n at_o zama_n but_o as_o a_o extravagant_a action_n of_o two_o such_o renown_a chieftain_n the_o enterview_n of_o king_n and_o sovereign_a prince_n have_v seldom_o prove_v fortunate_a or_o gain_v those_o advantage_n to_o either_o party_n that_o be_v expect_v but_o this_o discourse_n belong_v to_o another_o chapter_n to_o conclude_v the_o apprehension_n of_o bad_a quarter_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o breach_n of_o promise_n and_o article_n and_o the_o suspicion_n of_o ill_a usage_n have_v make_v many_o refuse_v quarter_n desperate_a way_n to_o prevent_v bad_a quarter_n all_o quarter_n reject_v all_o treaty_n and_o distrust_v all_o article_n and_o agreement_n and_o by_o a_o
to_o be_v these_o which_o follow_v in_o his_o observation_n of_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n of_o both_o the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o sixteen_o rank_n and_o of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o phalange_n first_o advantage_n of_o the_o phalange_n four_o file_n of_o lusty_a well_o arm_v man_n and_o at_o its_o close_a order_n or_o constipation_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v its_o â—orce_n it_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o it_o for_o at_o that_o posture_n every_o combatant_n take_v up_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ground_n and_o suppose_v their_o pike_n but_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o whereas_o the_o sarissas_n be_v twenty_o one_o of_o length_n you_o may_v easy_o compute_v the_o point_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n or_o if_o you_o will_v of_o the_o six_o rank_n to_o extend_v three_o foot_n before_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v enough_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o gracian_a militia_n now_o though_o all_o the_o 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disadvantage_n its_o second_o disadvantage_n separate_v or_o divide_v they_o be_v quick_o break_v the_o legionary_n be_v so_o aâ—med_v and_o that_o they_o can_v fight_v any_o way_n either_o in_o a_o great_a or_o small_a body_n or_o man_n to_o man_n at_o any_o time_n or_o in_o any_o place_n let_v the_o encumbrance_n be_v what_o they_o will_n let_v we_o resume_v all_o this_o and_o say_v in_o one_o word_n polybius_n prefer_v the_o legion_n to_o the_o phalange_n because_o the_o essential_a propriety_n of_o the_o phalange_n be_v to_o fight_v close_o together_o and_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v so_o it_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v down_o the_o legion_n but_o sure_o it_o can_v but_o seldom_o keep_v in_o one_o entire_a body_n the_o legion_n by_o its_o order_n and_o constitution_n be_v apt_a to_o fight_v in_o small_a or_o little_a body_n and_o to_o divide_v according_a to_o opportunity_n and_o emergency_n can_v ready_o enter_v at_o the_o void_a place_n of_o the_o phalange_n whether_o these_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n and_o overthrow_v it_o as_o often_o it_o do_v i_o shall_v presume_v to_o add_v two_o other_o advantage_n that_o i_o think_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o phalange_n a_o legion_n three_o advantage_n over_o the_o phalange_n the_o phalange_n which_o polybius_n have_v not_o mention_v the_o first_o the_o phalange_n fight_v all_o in_o one_o body_n the_o legion_n in_o three_o body_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o so_o that_o if_o the_o hasâ—aâ—â—_n charge_v brisk_o they_o may_v put_v the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o some_o disorder_n and_o they_o retire_v the_o principes_fw-la find_v it_o in_o some_o discomposure_n may_v disorder_v it_o so_o that_o the_o triarii_n come_v fresh_a to_o the_o charge_n may_v have_v a_o very_a cheap_a market_n of_o it_o the_o second_o advantage_n which_o i_o conceive_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o the_o phalange_n advantage_n a_o legion_n four_o advantage_n be_v in_o its_o large_a front_n which_o i_o offer_v to_o make_v appear_v thus_o the_o great_a phalange_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o heavy_a arm_v these_o marshal_v sixteen_o deep_a and_o so_o their_o front_n consist_v of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o man_n to_o who_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o foot_n for_o they_o to_o stand_v on_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v they_o have_v no_o more_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a allow_v between_o file_n and_o therefore_o for_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o file_n allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o three_o distance_n and_o for_o these_o fifteen_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a add_v these_o the_o aggregate_v be_v two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o eight_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a thus_o much_o ground_n and_o no_o more_o do_v the_o phalange_n take_v up_o in_o its_o longitude_n when_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o legion_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o body_n who_o be_v marshal_v one_o behind_o another_o the_o hastati_fw-la have_v the_o first_o batallion_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o maniple_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n these_o be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a and_o so_o each_o maniple_n be_v twelve_o man_n in_o front_n for_o who_o allow_v twelve_o foot_n to_o stand_v on_o and_z as_o both_o polybius_n and_o vegetius_n do_v allow_v three_o foot_n between_o file_n twelve_o file_n have_v eleven_o distance_n and_o for_o they_o you_o must_v have_v thirty_o three_o foot_n add_v thirty_o three_o to_o twelve_o make_v forty_o five_o so_o much_o ground_n do_v every_o maniple_n possess_v in_o front_n â—n_o every_o batallion_n be_v ten_o maniple_n multiply_v then_o forty_o five_o by_o ten_o the_o product_n will_v be_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o demonstrate_v that_o these_o ten_o maniple_n have_v nine_o interval_n and_o every_o interval_n must_v have_v as_o much_o ground_n allow_v to_o it_o as_o the_o maniple_n that_o be_v forty_o five_o foot_n multiply_v forty_o five_o by_o nine_o the_o product_n be_v four_o hundred_o and_o five_o add_v four_o hundred_o and_o five_o to_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o the_o aggregate_v be_v eight_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o so_o much_o ground_n do_v the_o hastâ—ati_fw-la of_o one_o legion_n possess_v in_o a_o consular_a army_n there_o be_v four_o legion_n than_o you_o be_v to_o multiply_v eight_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o by_o four_o and_o the_o product_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v three_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o and_o so_o much_o ground_n do_v the_o hastati_fw-la of_o a_o consular_a army_n take_v up_o in_o front_n now_o here_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v reckon_v to_o be_v but_o twelve_o hundred_o the_o legion_n according_a to_o polybius_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v but_o four_o thousand_o two_o
custom_n be_v choice_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o such_o young_a fellow_n who_o have_v have_v their_o breed_n rather_o in_o the_o country_n than_o in_o town_n unless_o they_o be_v mechanic_n that_o be_v not_o of_o a_o sedentary_a trade_n if_o he_o be_v to_o serve_v on_o horse_n and_o that_o the_o levy_n be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o trumpet_n but_o where_o a_o right_a election_n may_v be_v get_v only_o such_o shall_v be_v choose_v as_o be_v of_o a_o honest_a birth_n for_o their_o reputation_n will_v make_v they_o undergo_v any_o fatigue_n and_o a_o little_a time_n will_v inure_v they_o to_o toil_n though_o they_o have_v be_v breed_v with_o ease_n and_o plenty_n i_o have_v former_o show_v you_o what_o year_n make_v a_o man_n capable_a to_o be_v enroll_v a_o soldier_n among_o the_o ancient_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o now_o that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o general_o age_n soldier_n age_n look_v to_o by_o many_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o in_o our_o modern_a war_n most_o captain_n conceive_v 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young_a be_v promiscuous_o enroll_v which_o be_v a_o intrinsical_a defect_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o levy_n if_o man_n may_v not_o be_v enroll_v after_o the_o forty_o six_o or_o fifty_o year_n of_o their_o age_n it_o follow_v they_o shall_v then_o have_v their_o dismission_n yet_o that_o be_v but_o seldom_o practise_v necessity_n which_o be_v limit_v by_o no_o law_n detain_v they_o very_o often_o many_o year_n beyond_o that_o time_n which_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n have_v be_v often_o practise_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o serve_v how_o long_o they_o shall_v serve_v other_o ancient_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o some_o limit_n the_o time_n of_o a_o soldier_n service_n from_o his_o enrol_a which_o be_v just_a the_o sweede_v order_v their_o foot_n soldier_n of_o their_o own_o country_n to_o serve_v twenty_o five_o year_n stranger_n fifteen_o but_o if_o they_o follow_v the_o roman_a way_n the_o horseman_n shall_v serve_v but_o half_a that_o time_n the_o french_a king_n be_v more_o 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with_o all_o their_o property_n they_o will_v make_v soldier_n duty_n of_o soldier_n but_o very_o thin_a muster_n but_o you_o may_v take_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o soldier_n as_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v to_o be_v three_o first_o to_o give_v exact_a and_o perfect_a obedience_n to_o all_o the_o lawful_a command_n of_o superior_n second_o to_o endure_v the_o fatigue_n travel_n and_o discommodity_n of_o war_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o march_v or_o work_v at_o trench_n approach_n and_o sieges_n hunger_n thirst_n and_o cold_a with_o a_o exemplary_a patience_n three_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n skirmish_n or_o assault_n to_o resolve_v either_o to_o overcome_v or_o die_v but_o reader_n do_v not_o you_o seek_v one_o not_o to_o be_v expect_v to_o be_v perfect_o in_o any_o one_o all_o these_o in_o every_o soldier_n do_v not_o seek_v any_o of_o these_o exact_o in_o every_o soldier_n nay_o nor_o in_o any_o soldier_n for_o you_o will_v not_o find_v they_o let_v it_o be_v enough_o if_o they_o 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sacrifice_n chap._n iii_o of_o armour_n or_o defensive_a arm_n use_v by_o several_a nation_n both_o for_o their_o cavalry_n and_o their_o infantry_n what_o odds_o there_o be_v between_o a_o man_n arm_v both_o for_o offence_n and_o defence_n and_o he_o who_o only_o have_v offensive_a weapon_n may_v soon_o be_v understand_v though_o the_o practice_n have_v never_o be_v see_v why_o the_o same_o care_n be_v not_o take_v now_o to_o defend_v man_n body_n in_o the_o time_n of_o fight_n as_o well_o and_o as_o much_o as_o of_o old_a there_o be_v since_o the_o offensive_a weapon_n of_o late_a time_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n pierce_v more_o deep_o and_o more_o deadly_a than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a age_n do_v neglect_v defensive_a arm_n neglect_v before_o gunpowder_n i_o suppose_v can_v well_o be_v tell_v if_o the_o neglect_n be_v impute_v to_o great_a commander_n it_o be_v well_o do_v of_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o state_n by_o their_o authority_n to_o order_v the_o reformation_n of_o so_o hurtful_a a_o oversight_n but_o perhaps_o this_o reason_n will_v be_v give_v for_o it_o because_o the_o long_a and_o continuate_v march_n of_o our_o modern_a army_n not_o only_o for_o many_o day_n but_o for_o many_o week_n and_o month_n both_o in_o the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o summer_n and_o rainy_a and_o tempestuous_a weather_n of_o winter_n require_v that_o the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v ease_v of_o the_o weight_n and_o trouble_n of_o their_o defensive_a arm_n that_o with_o less_o toil_n they_o may_v endure_v and_o undergo_v those_o march_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v answer_v first_o that_o answer_v the_o reason_n why_o answer_v we_o have_v no_o such_o march_n now_o adays_o as_o the_o ancient_n especial_o the_o roman_n have_v and_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o they_o in_o their_o ambulatory_a march_n walk_v twenty_o mile_n in_o five_o hour_n and_o in_o their_o cursory_a one_o twenty_o five_o and_o what_o a_o vast_a deal_n of_o ground_n what_o large_a and_o long_a country_n and_o region_n they_o trace_v in_o complete_a arm_n and_o burden_v otherwise_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v beast_n of_o carriage_n we_o must_v either_o blame_v ourselves_o for_o not_o imitate_v they_o or_o look_v upon_o most_o of_o their_o story_n as_o pure_a fable_n and_o if_o our_o soldier_n from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o levy_n be_v habituate_v to_o wear_v at_o their_o exercise_n and_o drilling_n constant_o their_o armour_n and_o accustom_a twice_o a_o week_n to_o march_v a_o good_a many_o mile_n in_o arm_n i_o mean_v defensive_a as_o well_o as_o offensive_a suppose_v the_o first_o week_n five_o or_o six_o the_o second_o seven_o and_o so_o continue_v till_o they_o can_v march_v fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o mile_n in_o one_o day_n they_o will_v find_v it_o then_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o
march_v every_o day_n in_o armour_n for_o custom_n be_v another_o nature_n but_o this_o point_n of_o exercise_v be_v general_o neglect_v but_o second_o i_o say_v if_o ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la or_o the_o present_a necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v such_o a_o speedy_a and_o continuate_v march_n than_o such_o a_o army_n as_o ordinary_o we_o call_v a_o fly_a one_o shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o consist_v of_o light_a horse_n dragoon_n and_o musqueteer_n and_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n and_o foot_n shall_v be_v leave_v to_o march_v after_o with_o as_o much_o haste_n as_o convenient_o they_o can_v to_o who_o the_o light_n arm_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n may_v easy_o make_v their_o retreat_n for_o to_o bring_v these_o heavy_a arm_a forward_a as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n do_v and_o then_o permit_v they_o to_o cast_v away_o their_o defensive_a arm_n be_v to_o denude_v yourself_o of_o the_o strength_n of_o your_o force_n and_o army_n our_o modern_a army_n as_o the_o 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company_n represent_v the_o ancient_a militia_n and_o we_o find_v a_o universal_a deâ—ect_n in_o the_o cavalry_n as_o to_o the_o heavy_a arm_v there_o be_v but_o few_o curiassier_n in_o many_o army_n and_o in_o very_a many_o none_o of_o they_o at_o all_o to_o be_v see_v since_o the_o invention_n of_o gun_n we_o find_v till_o these_o latter_a time_n all_o nation_n do_v allow_v defensive_a arm_n to_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o service_n that_o be_v to_o be_v require_v of_o they_o the_o cavalry_n be_v ordinary_o divide_v into_o curiassier_n and_o harquebusier_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o that_o more_o full_o afterward_o the_o first_o be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v man_n and_o horse_n and_o those_o we_o call_v man_n horseman_n defensive_a arm_n for_o horseman_n at_o arm_n and_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o harquebusier_n have_v a_o head-piece_n back_n and_o breast_n their_o horse_n no_o arm_n at_o all_o but_o now_o for_o most_o part_n the_o case_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o curiassier_n we_o have_v harquebusier_n and_o instead_o of_o harquebusier_n we_o have_v horseman_n only_o arm_v offensive_o here_o i_o must_v answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v this_o if_o the_o armour_n for_o horseman_n be_v not_o musket-proof_n either_o the_o bullet_n pierce_v through_o or_o beat_v the_o iron_n into_o the_o horsemans_n body_n which_o be_v equal_o dangerous_a and_o if_o it_o be_v proof_n it_o be_v exceed_o troublesome_a to_o both_o man_n and_o horse_n but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o have_v be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n arm_n make_v that_o be_v proof_n and_o of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v a_o curiassier_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o strong_a body_n and_o shall_v ride_v a_o horse_n that_o for_o height_n and_o strength_n shall_v be_v fit_a for_o that_o service_n wherein_o both_o he_o and_o his_o rider_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v as_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o afterward_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot-soldier_n or_o pikeman_n shall_v have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o pikeman_n for_o pikeman_n back_n and_o breast_n a_o belly-piece_n taslet_n for_o their_o thigh_n and_o grieve_v for_o their_o arm_n the_o armour_n for_o their_o head_n breast_n and_o belly_n shall_v be_v carrabineproof_n and_o that_o for_o their_o back_n pistol-proof_n but_o we_o shall_v rare_o see_v a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n in_o such_o harness_n and_o no_o wonder_n since_o the_o pike_n itself_o be_v not_o now_o use_v so_o much_o as_o it_o have_v be_v and_o still_o shall_v be_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v at_o length_n in_o its_o proper_a place_n but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a that_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o supine_n carelessness_n and_o inexcusable_a inadvertency_n of_o officer_n and_o commander_n in_o their_o levy_n who_o take_v no_o notice_n to_o make_v a_o difference_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o carry_v musket_n and_o pike_n distribute_v they_o promiscuous_o to_o the_o 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draw_v it_o this_o invention_n of_o count_n mansfield_n have_v be_v assure_o as_o to_o ordnance_n the_o best_a and_o most_o profitable_a these_o three_o bypass_a age_n can_v boast_v of_o both_o to_o save_v expense_n and_o to_o further_a expedition_n but_o this_o good_a man_n tell_v we_o not_o how_o the_o earl_n do_v all_o this_o only_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o he_o know_v so_o well_o to_o boil_v the_o melt_a metal_n in_o the_o fire_n that_o though_o it_o have_v less_o thickness_n yet_o it_o have_v equal_a hardness_n with_o the_o great_a gun_n but_o i_o think_v that_o not_o only_o the_o hardness_n but_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o metal_n shall_v resist_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o powder_n and_o therefore_o piece_n be_v more_o fortify_v at_o the_o touchhole_n trunion_n and_o musle_z than_o at_o any_o place_n else_o but_o not_o have_v hear_v that_o this_o rare_a invention_n be_v practise_v afterward_o in_o all_o these_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n which_o have_v be_v in_o christendom_n since_o that_o famous_a siege_n nor_o read_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o those_o who_o write_v of_o that_o art_n i_o shall_v suspend_v my_o belief_n of_o the_o thing_n till_o i_o hear_v that_o it_o be_v approve_v by_o judicious_a gunner_n a_o indifferent_a train_n of_o artillery_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v batter_a gun_n in_o it_o army_n the_o great_a trouble_n and_o retardment_n a_o train_n of_o artillery_n bring_v to_o a_o army_n their_o carriage_n powder_n and_o bullet_n with_o all_o fit_a instrument_n will_v require_v very_o many_o horse_n to_o draw_v it_o which_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o be_v conceive_v if_o we_o cast_v up_o a_o account_n how_o many_o one_o piece_n will_v need_v leâ—ns_n suppose_v this_o piece_n to_o be_v a_o french_a cannon_n or_o a_o english_a demi-cannon_n any_o of_o they_o weigh_v 6000_o pound_n of_o metal_n let_v her_o bullet_n be_v thirty_o pound_n of_o iron_n for_o which_o she_o require_v twenty_o pound_n of_o common_a powder_n this_o 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soldier_n which_o other_o prince_n must_v carry_v all_o by_o land_n with_o horse_n and_o wagon_n except_o the_o man_n unless_o they_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o some_o navigable_a river_n which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o it_o be_v not_o every_o army_n that_o either_o be_v or_o can_v be_v allow_v either_o a_o full_a train_n or_o yet_o a_o general_n of_o artillery_n many_o of_o these_o call_v fly_v army_n have_v no_o gun_n at_o all_o with_o they_o and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v only_o some_o field-piece_n which_o be_v draw_v with_o very_a few_o horse_n need_v not_o much_o obstruct_v the_o speedy_a march_n of_o a_o army_n i_o have_v know_v divers_a army_n at_o one_o time_n in_o germany_n under_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n each_o one_o whereof_o have_v but_o a_o petty_a train_n and_o that_o order_v by_o a_o colonel_n or_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n but_o there_o be_v only_o one_o general_n of_o the_o army_n a_o great_a train_n not_o necessary_a with_o every_o army_n artillery_n who_o 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subject_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o that_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n shall_v have_v storehouse_n arsenal_n and_o magazine_n well_o stuff_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a with_o great_a and_o small_a ordnance_n with_o powder_n match_n and_o ball_n and_o all_o the_o several_a material_n of_o their_o composition_n with_o mortar_n pot_n piece_n petard_n and_o granado_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v as_o i_o suppose_v a_o thing_n which_o will_v be_v grant_v as_o necessary_a beyond_o all_o controversy_n in_o such_o a_o army_n as_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o army_n royal_a which_o some_o royal._n army_n royal._n think_v shall_v consist_v of_o eighteen_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o thousand_o horse_n that_o take_v the_o field_n with_o a_o design_n to_o fight_v with_o any_o that_o oppose_v it_o and_o a_o resolution_n to_o do_v that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v levy_v whether_o that_o be_v to_o fight_v battle_n pass_v river_n or_o take_v in_o town_n and_o forâ—_n in_o such_o a_o army_n i_o say_v there_o shall_v be_v so_o great_a a_o train_n of_o artillery_n as_o be_v suitable_a with_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o attempt_n wherein_o train_n it_o be_v train_n nothing_o must_v be_v want_v that_o can_v help_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o design_n in_o it_o there_o shall_v be_v cannon_n for_o battery_n culverines_n of_o all_o sort_n field-piece_n mortar_n great_a abundance_n of_o powder_n match_n and_o ball_n and_o granado_n with_o all_o instrument_n and_o necessary_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o ordnance_n for_o this_o train_n be_v require_v a_o great_a many_o expert_a and_o ready_a gunner_n and_o constable_n beside_o the_o gentleman_n captain_n and_o conductor_n as_o also_o a_o huge_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o ox_n wagon_n and_o cart_n to_o draw_v and_o transport_v it_o from_o place_n to_o place_n the_o swedish_n train_v of_o artillery_n
since_o their_o first_o foot_n in_o germany_n have_v have_v artillery_n swedish_n train_n of_o artillery_n the_o reputation_n to_o be_v the_o most_o exact_o compose_v and_o conduct_v by_o the_o most_o experiment_a artist_n of_o any_o in_o christendom_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o their_o artillery_n help_v they_o much_o to_o take_v so_o deep_a a_o foot_n in_o germany_n that_o they_o have_v not_o be_v since_o expel_v out_o of_o it_o though_o that_o have_v be_v much_o endeavour_v when_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n invade_v poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o the_o perfidy_n of_o the_o polonian_n be_v such_o that_o they_o deliver_v almost_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o after_o they_o have_v return_v to_o their_o duty_n and_o that_o the_o swede_n be_v at_o zamoiskie_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o it_o be_v by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o artillery_n whereof_o john_n casimir_n be_v destitute_a that_o the_o swedish_n king_n traverse_v much_o of_o the_o length_n of_o poland_n in_o spite_n of_o eighty_o thousand_o polonian_n cross_v the_o weichsell_n and_o join_v with_o ragoski_n and_o after_o he_o be_v force_v to_o part_v with_o the_o transylvanian_a be_v invite_v to_o come_v near_a home_n by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n unseasonable_a declaration_n of_o a_o war_n against_o he_o he_o come_v out_o of_o poland_n and_o prussia_n too_o with_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a ill_o appoint_v and_o harassed_a army_n without_o any_o loss_n at_o all_o mere_o by_o the_o advantage_n he_o have_v of_o his_o train_n of_o artillery_n sweden_n furnish_v abundance_n of_o both_o copper_n and_o iron_n whereof_o great_a gun_n train_n sweden_n abound_v in_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o train_n and_o hand-gun_n be_v make_v and_o by_o art_n and_o industry_n that_o country_n have_v as_o much_o saltpetre_n as_o any_o kingdom_n can_v have_v and_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n it_o can_v want_v coal_n for_o make_v powder_n whereof_o they_o make_v such_o abundance_n as_o they_o 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but_o of_o the_o munition_n of_o war_n such_o be_v the_o gun_n great_a and_o lesser_a all_o manner_n of_o arm_n artillery_n a_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o weapon_n all_o material_n belong_v to_o smith_n and_o carpenter_n powder_n match_n bullet_n granado_n for_o pot-piece_n and_o to_o be_v cast_v by_o the_o hand_n store_n of_o instrument_n and_o utensil_n for_o artificer_n shop_n bridge_n or_o material_n for_o they_o boat_n or_o material_n for_o they_o to_o be_v make_v and_o join_v quick_o for_o pass_v unfordable_a water_n all_o kind_n of_o instrument_n for_o work_v in_o fortification_n or_o approach_n such_o as_o spade_n mattock_n pickaxe_n and_o shovel_n in_o scotland_n we_o call_v this_o great_a officer_n the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o ancient_n though_o they_o want_v fire-gun_n yet_o they_o have_v their_o great_a artillery_n those_o be_v their_o great_a machine_n and_n engine_n whereof_o i_o have_v former_o speak_v and_o they_o have_v likewise_o a_o master_n of_o their_o artillery_n who_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o it_o which_o i_o have_v also_o make_v appear_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n but_o since_o the_o invention_n trust_n his_o trust_n of_o gunpowder_n the_o charge_n of_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n have_v be_v look_v on_o as_o most_o honourable_a as_o it_o indeed_o deserve_v to_o be_v and_o with_o none_o more_o than_o with_o we_o in_o scotland_n and_o be_v always_o confer_v by_o our_o king_n on_o person_n of_o eminent_a note_n and_o quality_n james_n the_o five_o king_n of_o scotland_n make_v the_o gentleman_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o mother_n margaret_n daughter_n to_o henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n lord_n of_o meffen_n and_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n of_o scotland_n as_o lesly_n bishop_n of_o rosse_n that_o active_a and_o loyal_a servant_n to_o his_o mistress_n queen_n mary_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o nine_o book_n of_o his_o history_n in_o these_o word_n in_o 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you_o there_o be_v two_o qualification_n absolute_o necessary_a for_o he_o these_o be_v to_o be_v a_o good_a mathematician_n and_o to_o be_v something_o if_o not_o right_a much_o experiment_a in_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o gunner_n art_n he_o must_v be_v of_o a_o good_a judgement_n and_o a_o very_a ready_a dispatch_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o part_n and_o ability_n which_o some_o require_v in_o he_o alone_o i_o think_v he_o may_v divide_v among_o those_o who_o be_v under_o his_o command_n his_o great_a command_n command_n and_o authority_n who_o true_o be_v right_v many_o as_o the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o ordnance_n two_o colonel_n if_o not_o more_o lieutenant-colonel_n captain_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o ordnance_n master_n gunner_n and_o all_o inferior_a gunner_n conductor_n and_o comptroller_n engineer_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o fortification_n master_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o mineer_v under_o he_o master_n of_o the_o artificial_a fire_n and_o his_o conductor_n and_o petardeer_n those_o who_o have_v a_o care_n of_o the_o tool_n for_o fortification_n for_o entrench_v and_o approach_v the_o master_n of_o the_o pioner_n in_o some_o army_n and_o all_o his_o pioner_n the_o master_n of_o the_o battery_n and_o all_o under_o he_o for_o to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n direction_n and_o inspection_n belong_v the_o entrench_v the_o camp_n the_o make_v the_o approach_n redoubt_n battery_n zap_n gallery_n and_o mine_n and_o other_o work_n at_o sieges_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o have_v also_o his_o own_o commissary_n quartermaster_n waggonmaster_n minister_n and_o chirurgeon_n if_o then_o you_o will_v consider_v that_o he_o and_o all_o those_o under_o he_o be_v to_o have_v pay_n and_o wage_n and_o what_o a_o â—ast_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v spend_v in_o maintenance_n of_o this_o train_n and_o how_o much_o powder_n match_n and_o ball_n may_v be_v spend_v in_o a_o active_a war_n you_o may_v conclude_v that_o achilles_n terduzzi_n the_o italian_a engineer_n train_n the_o vast_a expense_n of_o a_o train_n who_o i_o have_v often_o mention_v speak_v within_o bound_n and_o but_o modest_o enough_o when_o he_o say_v he_o conceive_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o treasure_n of_o a_o army_n be_v spend_v on_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n i_o think_v it_o something_o strange_a to_o read_v in_o bockler_n the_o german_a architect_n that_o it_o be_v of_o late_o condescend_v on_o by_o the_o great_a practitioner_n of_o artillery_n in_o germany_n that_o for_o a_o army_n of_o forty_o thousand_o man_n whereof_o thirty_o two_o thousand_o shall_v man_n thirty_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n think_v late_o a_o sufficient_a train_n for_o a_o army_n of_o forty_o thousand_o man_n be_v foot_n and_o eight_o thousand_o horse_n thirty_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n be_v enough_o either_o to_o besiege_v a_o strong_a place_n or_o to_o attack_v a_o enemy_n though_o never_o so_o advantageous_o lodge_v for_o the_o last_o i_o shall_v be_v easy_o induce_v to_o believe_v it_o but_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o affirmative_a i_o
landtgrave_n eight_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o horse_n to_o the_o queen_n thirty_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o the_o aggregate_v be_v forty_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o add_v the_o landtgrave_n twenty_o two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o foot_n to_o the_o queen_n seventy_o nine_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o both_o the_o infantry_n amount_v to_o a_o hundred_o and_o two_o thousand_o and_o sixty_o now_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o when_o their_o army_n be_v cass_v they_o do_v not_o exceed_v nay_o nor_o come_v near_o the_o half_a of_o these_o number_n for_o if_o you_o add_v the_o number_n of_o the_o infantry_n to_o that_o of_o the_o cavalry_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v a_o hundred_o forty_o six_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o now_o i_o conceive_v thirty_o colonel_n may_v have_v command_v all_o the_o cavalry_n and_o thirty_o three_o colonel_n all_o the_o infantry_n these_o will_v have_v be_v in_o all_o but_o sixty_o three_o regiment_n and_o i_o be_o very_o sure_a there_o be_v not_o so_o few_o colonel_n as_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o so_o there_o may_v have_v be_v save_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o eighty_o regiment_n both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o at_o that_o time_n too_o when_o they_o be_v to_o give_v their_o officer_n a_o little_a satisfaction-money_n for_o so_o it_o be_v call_v in_o lieâ—_n of_o all_o their_o arrear_n when_o they_o disband_v they_o and_o true_o i_o shall_v think_v that_o unless_o some_o new_a emergency_n or_o some_o unlooked_a levy_n recruit_n better_a than_o levy_n for_o disaster_n seem_v to_o require_v it_o the_o constant_a recruit_v old_a troop_n and_o company_n may_v advance_v a_o prince_n â—ervice_n as_o much_o and_o save_v his_o treasure_n much_o more_o than_o the_o levy_n new_a regiment_n do_v which_o still_o draw_v both_o trouble_n and_o expense_n along_o with_o it_o but_o it_o be_v time_n for_o i_o to_o forbear_v for_o perhaps_o i_o have_v go_v too_o far_o since_o money_n be_v general_o scarce_o in_o the_o war_n in_o so_o much_o that_o soldier_n can_v receive_v their_o wage_n due_o let_v we_o see_v what_o allowance_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n ordinary_o call_v proviant_a prince_n allow_v their_o soldiery_n to_o furnish_v which_o every_o army_n shall_v have_v a_o general_n proviant-master_n and_o true_o i_o conceive_v he_o to_o be_v a_o officer_n as_o necessary_a and_o useful_a if_o not_o more_o in_o the_o field_n where_o most_o our_o modern_a army_n be_v entertain_v with_o proviant_a as_o either_o a_o general_n commissary_n or_o a_o treasurer_n his_o charge_n be_v to_o provide_v victual_n corn_n flesh_n wine_n bread_n and_o beer_n he_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o they_o and_o shall_v see_v they_o equal_o and_o proportionable_o divide_v to_o the_o regiment_n according_a to_o their_o several_a strength_n for_o which_o purpose_n he_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o roll_n and_o list_n duty_n a_o proviant-master_n general_n his_o duty_n by_o he_o which_o his_o secretary_n shall_v careful_o keep_v he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o sell_v any_o proviant_a under_o what_o pretence_n soever_o without_o the_o general_n express_a warrant_n all_o mill_n where_o the_o army_n come_v be_v under_o his_o protection_n and_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o protect_v they_o he_o have_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o magazine_n for_o victual_n and_o to_o he_o belong_v the_o care_n of_o see_v the_o garrison_n and_o fortify_v place_n sufficient_o provide_v with_o such_o meat_n and_o drink_n as_o be_v place_n provision_n for_o fortify_v place_n most_o fit_a to_o preserve_v these_o be_v corn_n grain_n and_o meal_n of_o several_a kind_n stockfish_n herring_n and_o all_o other_o salted-fish_n salt_v and_o hung-fleshes_a especial_o beef_n and_o bacon_n cheese_n butter_n almond_n chestnut_n and_o hazelnut_n wine_n beer_n malt_n honey_n vinegar_n oil_n tabaco_n wood_n and_o coal_n for_o fire_v and_o as_o many_o live_a ox_n cow_n sheep_n and_o swine_n hen_n and_o turkey_n as_o can_v be_v convenient_o say_v for_o which_o purpose_n as_o also_o for_o horse_n he_o be_v to_o provide_v straw_n hay_o and_o oat_n this_o general_a proviant-master_n have_v under_o he_o a_o lieutenant_n a_o secretary_n a_o clerk_n a_o smith_n a_o waggonmaster_n and_o a_o waggon-maker_n a_o quartermaster_n and_o some_o officer_n who_o be_v call_v director_n there_o be_v few_o prince_n who_o have_v not_o their_o particular_a establishment_n for_o their_o proviant_a both_o in_o field_n and_o garrison_n as_o well_o as_o for_o money_n the_o order_n proviant_a allowance_n of_o proviant_a whereof_o common_o be_v this_o they_o allow_v so_o much_o bread_n flesh_n wine_n or_o beer_n to_o every_o trooper_n and_o foot_n soldier_n which_o ordinary_o be_v alike_o to_o both_o then_o they_o allow_v to_o the_o officer_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o charge_n double_a triple_a and_o quadruple_a portion_n as_o to_o a_o ensign_n four_o time_n more_o than_o to_o a_o common_a soldier_n a_o colonel_n have_v common_o twelve_o portion_n allow_v he_o the_o ordinary_a allowance_n for_o a_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n be_v daily_o two_o pound_n of_o bread_n one_o pound_n of_o flesh_n or_o in_o lieu_n of_o it_o one_o pound_n of_o cheese_n one_o pottle_n of_o wine_n or_o in_o lieu_n of_o it_o two_o pottle_n of_o beer_n it_o be_v enough_o cry_v the_o soldier_n we_o desire_v no_o more_o and_o it_o be_v enough_o in_o conscience_n but_o this_o allowance_n will_v not_o last_v very_o long_o they_o must_v be_v content_v to_o maâ—ch_v sometime_o one_o whole_a week_n and_o scarce_o get_v two_o pound_n of_o bread_n all_o the_o while_n and_o their_o officer_n as_o little_a as_o they_o who_o if_o they_o have_v no_o provision_n of_o their_o own_o carry_v about_o with_o they_o must_v be_v satisfy_v with_o commis-bread_n and_o cold_a water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a soldier_n unless_o they_o have_v money_n to_o buy_v better_a entertainment_n from_o sutler_n i_o have_v know_v captain_n give_v a_o very_a great_a demonstration_n of_o their_o patience_n and_o their_o affection_n to_o their_o master_n service_n by_o satisfy_v their_o appetite_n with_o water_n and_o very_o coarse_a bread_n one_o whole_a summer_n and_o part_n of_o the_o next_o winter_n but_o they_o will_v be_v refresh_v when_o i_o tell_v they_o of_o free_a quarter_n which_o prince_n regulate_v free_a quarter_n very_a burden_n some_o to_o a_o country_n though_o never_o so_o well_o regulate_v and_o their_o general_n be_v many_o time_n force_v for_o want_n of_o money_n to_o grant_v where_o they_o can_v quarter_v their_o army_n in_o town_n and_o village_n and_o this_o prove_v oft_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o country_n for_o though_o no_o exorbitancy_n be_v commit_v and_o that_o every_o man_n both_o officer_n and_o soldier_n demand_v â—o_o other_o entertainment_n than_o what_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n where_o they_o serve_v yet_o when_o a_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v but_o close_o and_o near_o together_o to_o prevent_v infall_n anslacht_n and_o surprisal_n of_o a_o enemy_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o imagine_v what_o a_o heavy_a burden_n these_o place_n bear_v who_o in_o poor_a man_n house_n six_o seven_o eight_o it_o may_v be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o soldier_n be_v lodge_v for_o in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o quarter_v two_o thousand_o foot_n or_o a_o thousand_o horse_n in_o a_o little_a town_n where_o perhaps_o there_o be_v not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o house_n and_o withal_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o get_v soldier_n and_o horseman_n keep_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o duty_n in_o these_o quarter_n after_o they_o have_v endure_v hunger_n thirst_n and_o other_o hardship_n in_o the_o field_n it_o be_v true_a all_o prince_n who_o for_o preservation_n of_o their_o army_n from_o extreme_a ruin_n and_o for_o want_v of_o treasure_n be_v necessitate_v too_o often_o to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o free_a quarter_n do_v not_o only_o make_v strict_a law_n and_o ordinance_n how_o many_o time_n a_o day_n officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v to_o eat_v and_o how_o many_o dish_n every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o quality_n be_v to_o call_v for_o but_o likewise_o set_v down_o the_o precise_a rate_n and_o value_v of_o the_o dish_n that_o the_o host_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o do_v beyond_o those_o limitation_n yet_o the_o grievance_n continue_v heavy_a and_o great_a the_o ordinance_n concern_v free_a quarter_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o king_n of_o quarter_n ordinance_n for_o free_a quarter_n denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o german_a prince_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n with_o little_a difference_n all_o one_o as_o thus_o a_o colonel_n be_v to_o have_v twelve_o dish_n of_o meat_n each_o at_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o dollar_n ten_o pound_n of_o bread_n and_o ten_o measure_n of_o wine_n a_o
in_o other_o place_n general_n rumour_n master_n general_n be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v learn_v his_o charge_n be_v to_o ride_v with_o a_o guard_n of_o horse_n and_o some_o hangman_n on_o the_o van_n and_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n and_o in_o a_o retreat_n in_o the_o rear_n to_o save_v all_o the_o several_a quarter_n and_o country_n from_o be_v pillage_v or_o plunder_v and_o the_o country_n people_n from_o be_v wrong_v and_o many_o time_n he_o be_v command_v to_o use_n summary_n justice_n and_o execution_n on_o the_o offender_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v take_v but_o for_o most_o part_n only_o to_o apprehend_v they_o and_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o marshal_n general_n the_o law_n and_o article_n of_o war_n of_o every_o prince_n and_o state_n ought_v to_o be_v promulgate_v to_o all_o the_o army_n and_o read_v over_o to_o every_o particular_a regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n every_o month_n or_o at_o least_o every_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n that_o none_o may_v have_v reason_n to_o pretend_v ignorance_n in_o all_o court_n of_o war_n high_a or_o low_a officer_n sentence_n how_o the_o member_n of_o a_o court_n of_o war_n give_v their_o sentence_n of_o equal_a quality_n as_o major-general_n colonel_n major_n captain_n sergeant_n and_o corporal_n after_o a_o full_a examination_n and_o hear_v of_o party_n and_o witness_n go_v apart_o by_o themselves_o and_o after_o some_o debate_n agree_v upon_o the_o sentence_n which_o he_o who_o have_v the_o precedency_n among_o they_o whispers_z in_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o after_o he_o have_v write_v all_o the_o several_a sentence_n give_v they_o to_o the_o auditor_n whether_o general_n or_o particular_a of_o a_o regiment_n and_o he_o observe_v wherein_o must_v agree_v make_v that_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v sign_v by_o the_o precedent_n and_o so_o send_v to_o the_o general_n if_o he_o have_v not_o preside_v himself_o in_o regiment-court_n of_o war_n such_o inferior_a officer_n suppose_v sergeant_n and_o corporal_n ought_v to_o be_v choose_v â—o_o sit_v as_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n what_o it_o be_v to_o judge_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o reason_n for_o i_o have_v see_v many_o of_o they_o in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o world_n who_o think_v they_o give_v their_o verdict_n like_o wise_a man_n and_o gallant_a fellow_n even_o when_o article_n of_o war_n be_v clear_a when_o by_o their_o sentence_n they_o refer_v a_o offender_n guilty_a of_o a_o capital_a crime_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o lord_n general_n or_o the_o colonel_n the_o french_a council_n of_o war_n now_o may_v consist_v of_o seven_o officer_n and_o in_o they_o lieutenant_n sublieutenant_n and_o ensign_n must_v only_o stand_v with_o their_o hat_n off_o but_o give_v no_o sentence_n chap._n x._o of_o exercise_v drilling_n and_o training_n the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o the_o infantry_n have_v levy_v and_o arm_v our_o soldier_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o sufficient_o entertain_v they_o with_o goodly_a promise_n of_o pay_n proviant_a service_n and_o free_a quarter_n and_o show_v they_o under_o what_o law_n and_o discipline_n they_o be_v to_o live_v it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o teach_v they_o the_o duty_n of_o soldier_n and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o exercise_v and_o drilling_n they_o what_o kind_n of_o exercise_n officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v inure_v to_o in_o ancient_a time_n have_v be_v abundant_o tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o gracian_a and_o roman_a art_n of_o war._n wrestle_a run_v leap_v swim_v all_o which_o harden_v and_o enable_v a_o man_n body_n and_o render_v the_o soldier_n active_a and_o dexterous_a in_o battle_n at_o storm_n and_o assault_n in_o pursuit_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o sometime_o in_o flight_n to_o save_v his_o own_o life_n be_v the_o duty_n impose_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o to_o they_o proper_o belong_v call_v exercise_n proper_o so_o call_v the_o word_n of_o exercise_n but_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n be_v now_o rather_o permit_v than_o command_v the_o use_v the_o spade_n and_o mattock_n in_o make_v rampart_n and_o ditch_n build_v wall_n sconce_n fort_n and_o castle_n constant_o practise_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n by_o the_o ancient_n especial_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o now_o at_o all_o thought_n of_o till_o either_o the_o siege_n or_o defence_n of_o a_o town_n or_o the_o necessity_n to_o fortify_v a_o camp_n render_v it_o necessary_a and_o then_o six_o soldier_n not_o accustom_a before_o to_o that_o manner_n of_o exercise_n be_v not_o able_a to_o work_v so_o much_o as_o one_o country-fellow_n new_o take_v from_o the_o blow_n the_o custom_n of_o shoot_v at_o butt_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n in_o scotland_n and_o england_n be_v much_o if_o not_o whole_o wear_v out_o in_o foreign_a place_n their_o shoot_v with_o firelock_n and_o riâ—â—ed_a gun_n at_o mark_n every_o holiday_n may_v make_v they_o good_a firemen_n and_o good_a marks-man_n but_o do_v not_o strengthen_v the_o nerve_n and_o arm_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bow_n do_v but_o to_o bring_v these_o exercise_n so_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o health_n and_o strength_n of_o a_o army_n in_o fashion_n again_o must_v be_v the_o work_n of_o no_o private_a person_n but_o of_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n another_o part_n of_o military_a exercise_n consist_v in_o teach_v the_o soldier_n both_o part_n training_n and_o drilling_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o fight_v orderly_o and_o ready_o with_o a_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o proper_o we_o call_v training_n and_o drilling_n it_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o first_o be_v to_o teach_v they_o to_o handle_v and_o manage_v their_o offensive_a arm_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v handsome_o ready_o and_o dexterous_o and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o call_v the_o posture_n the_o second_o be_v to_o make_v they_o when_o they_o be_v in_o a_o body_n to_o cast_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o figure_n or_o order_n as_o shall_v be_v command_v they_o and_o this_o be_v common_o call_v the_o motion_n and_o evolution_n before_o i_o speak_v any_o more_o on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v say_v that_o though_o this_o drilling_n and_o training_n be_v not_o so_o much_o forget_v as_o those_o other_o exercise_n be_v whereof_o i_o have_v but_o just_a now_o speak_v yet_o it_o be_v too_o much_o neglect_v in_o many_o place_n neglect_v much_o neglect_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o be_v so_o much_o use_v in_o any_o place_n of_o europe_n as_o in_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n in_o which_o the_o ancient_n be_v well_o imitate_v who_o train_v their_o army_n very_o punctual_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o well_o as_o in_o time_n of_o war._n i_o wish_v all_o company_n who_o otherwise_o be_v well_o enough_o train_v be_v accustom_a to_o make_v march_n when_o they_o be_v exercise_v as_o i_o say_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o defensive_a arms._n for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v make_v to_o run_v or_o walk_v twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n in_o five_o or_o six_o hour_n time_n and_o in_o full_a arm_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v yet_o i_o think_v they_o will_v be_v much_o strengthen_v and_o exercisâ—_n march_v a_o necessary_a point_n of_o military_a exercisâ—_n make_v more_o healthful_a and_o more_o able_a to_o endure_v fatigue_n if_o they_o be_v make_v twice_o a_o week_n march_v in_o a_o summer-morning_n seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n and_o back_o again_o in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o proportionable_o as_o far_o in_o the_o winter_n this_o be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n will_v make_v long_o and_o speedy_a march_n which_o often_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n even_o with_o defensive_a arm_n very_o easy_a and_o it_o will_v accustom_v the_o soldier_n to_o keep_v their_o rank_n and_o file_n punctual_o provide_v officer_n be_v attentive_a to_o see_v they_o do_v it_o on_o that_o march_n this_o will_v be_v to_o some_o better_a purpose_n than_o for_o commander_n to_o march_v with_o squad_n with_o half_a or_o whole_a regiment_n a_o half_a hour_n it_o may_v be_v a_o whole_a one_o up_o and_o down_o to_z and_o again_o upon_o one_o spot_n of_o ground_n a_o right_a mockmarch_n mockmarch_n a_o mockmarch_n whereby_o some_o officer_n contrary_v to_o their_o intention_n for_o they_o think_v they_o be_v do_v a_o very_a handsome_a feat_n make_v themselves_o ridiculous_a to_o both_o the_o spectator_n and_o their_o own_o soldier_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n in_o time_n of_o war_n drill_v their_o army_n in_o the_o field_n but_o training_n be_v look_v upon_o now_o as_o a_o unnecessary_a thing_n not_o only_o in_o the_o field_n but_o in_o town_n and_o garrison_n likewise_o this_o be_v not_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n fault_n but_o be_v a_o inexcusable_a neglect_n and_o carelessness_n of_o colonel_n who_o
place_n of_o the_o depth_n that_o every_o prince_n appoint_v for_o his_o foot_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n for_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v ever_o learn_v foot-company_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a almost_o universal_o but_o he_o marshal_v deep_a ten_o deep_a all_o his_o infantry_n in_o six_o rank_n and_o after_o he_o have_v invade_v germany_n the_o emperor_n with_o most_o of_o the_o european_a king_n and_o prince_n keep_v their_o foot_n still_o at_o ten_o deep_a but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n which_o he_o begin_v all_o of_o they_o follow_v his_o way_n and_o make_v the_o file_n of_o their_o foot_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o man_n except_o the_o prince_n of_o deep_a six_o deep_a orange_n who_o still_o keep_v ten_o in_o file_n i_o shall_v except_v likewise_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n who_o in_o his_o instruction_n for_o the_o better_a discipline_n of_o his_o army_n order_v every_o deep_a eight_o deep_a captain_n of_o foot_n to_o draw_v up_o his_o company_n eight_o deep_a in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n where_o there_o be_v difference_n a_o man_n may_v tell_v his_o opinion_n without_o affectation_n of_o singularity_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o the_o more_o hand_n a_o captain_n can_v bring_v to_o fight_v the_o more_o shrewd_o deep_a reason_n for_o six_o deep_a he_o will_v put_v his_o enemy_n to_o it_o provide_v still_o his_o batallion_n be_v of_o that_o strength_n as_o to_o receive_v the_o shock_n of_o a_o resolute_a impression_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o worst_a that_o he_o have_v reserve_v to_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n of_o reserve_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o be_o hopeful_a it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v by_o eight_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o ten_o and_o more_o by_o six_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o eight_o take_v a_o second_o argument_n the_o more_o able_a you_o be_v to_o save_v yourself_o from_o be_v surround_v or_o out-winged_a by_o a_o enemy_n or_o the_o more_o able_a you_o make_v yourself_o to_o surround_v and_o out-wing_n that_o enemy_n of_o you_o the_o great_a advantage_n you_o have_v over_o he_o both_o these_o be_v do_v by_o a_o large_a front_n now_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o eight_o in_o file_n enlarge_v the_o front_n more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o and_o consequent_o eight_o deep_a contribute_v more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o for_o gain_v the_o victory_n that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_n be_v very_o soon_o instance_a first_o by_o a_o body_n deep_a the_o great_a advantage_n 1500_o musqueteer_n six_o deep_a have_v of_o 1500_o musqueteer_n ten_o deep_a of_o musqueteer_n and_o next_o by_o a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o musqueteer_n marshal_v ten_o deep_a be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n of_o equal_a number_n that_o be_v fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a and_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o stout_a and_o experience_a and_o equal_o good_a firemen_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n as_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a must_v likewise_o do_v now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a can_v make_v no_o more_o but_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o ten_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o but_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o six_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o so_o that_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a at_o every_o volley_n pour_v one_o hundred_o leaden_a bullet_n more_o in_o the_o enemy_n bosom_n than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o consequent_o when_o six_o rank_n of_o both_o party_n have_v fire_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a have_v receive_v six_o hundred_o ball_n 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now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o rank_n and_o so_o shoot_v at_o every_o volley_n sixty_o two_o bullet_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a make_v the_o like_a trial_n of_o two_o batallion_n of_o pike_n each_o of_o they_o fifteen_o hundred_o have_v the_o same_o advantage_n pikeman_n also_o have_v strong_a equal_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a and_o their_o pike_n of_o equal_a length_n the_o hundred_o file_n wherewith_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a outwing_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a will_v likewise_o enter_v on_o their_o side_n and_o very_o soon_o ruin_v they_o if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v by_o their_o friend_n and_o though_o they_o be_v yet_o these_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n six_o deep_a be_v otherwise_o idle_a may_v happy_o give_v their_o flank_n some_o work_n to_o do_v nor_o have_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n ten_o deep_a any_o advantage_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o impression_n for_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o six_o rank_n of_o pikeman_n may_v either_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n abundant_o and_o therefore_o where_o pikeman_n be_v ten_o deep_a at_o their_o charge_n the_o last_o four_o rank_n shall_v keep_v their_o pike_n port_a because_o the_o present_v the_o point_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o useless_a neither_o be_v it_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a that_o make_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v use_n of_o his_o feather_n to_o defend_v his_o musqueteer_n against_o the_o polonian_a horse_n for_o these_o feather_n may_v serve_v a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o ten_o deep_a as_o well_o as_o a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a neither_o indeed_o be_v it_o the_o deepness_n of_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n that_o can_v resist_v a_o resolute_a charge_n of_o horse_n it_o must_v be_v pike_n halberd_n or_o these_o feather_n or_o something_o like_o they_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n that_o ten_o deep_a be_v think_v fit_a for_o foot_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o fancy_n for_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o deep_a reason_n for_o ten_o deep_a place_n that_o vegetius_n who_o be_v look_v on_o by_o many_o as_o the_o oracle_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n do_v make_v the_o roman_a file_n to_o consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o this_o consideration_n that_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v their_o gun_n they_o can_v not_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o till_o the_o other_o nine_o rank_n have_v all_o fire_v and_o withal_o a_o musket_n rest_n be_v take_v to_o help_v with_o so_o much_o wariness_n do_v our_o ancestor_n walk_v when_o first_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o new_a find_v engine_n of_o fire_n we_o read_v of_o a_o count_n of_o vaâ—dâ—mont_n who_o within_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n make_v use_v of_o two_o culverines_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o bar_n and_o by_o their_o help_n defeat_v his_o enemy_n but_o at_o every_o time_n the_o piece_n be_v discharge_v the_o count_n himself_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o fear_n but_o as_o great_a câ—sar_n say_v usus_fw-la est_fw-la rerum_fw-la magister_fw-la use_v and_o custom_n overmaster_v thing_n and_o therefore_o the_o cannon_n be_v not_o now_o so_o dreadful_a as_o it_o be_v nor_o be_v the_o musket_n so_o unmanageable_a as_o it_o be_v think_v daily_a experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o six_o can_v fire_v make_v deep_a for_o fine_a deep_a ready_a and_o stay_v for_o the_o word_n of_o command_n before_o the_o other_o five_o
the_o rest_n resent_v it_o as_o a_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o whole_a fraternity_n for_o which_o they_o will_v very_o ready_o make_v he_o march_v a_o whole_a week_n without_o a_o trumpeter_n to_o sound_v before_o he_o none_o may_v sound_v a_o trumpet_n before_o a_o troop_n but_o he_o who_o be_v master_n of_o their_o art_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v himself_o to_o be_v so_o by_o produce_v a_o certificate_n sign_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o master_n trumpeter_n with_o their_o seal_n annex_v to_o it_o and_o this_o in_o their_o language_n they_o call_v a_o lerbrief_n if_o any_o want_v this_o offer_v to_o sound_v before_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n the_o master_n may_v come_v and_o take_v he_o away_o with_o disgrace_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o ritmaster_n those_o who_o have_v not_o yet_o get_v lerbrief_n they_o call_v boy_n who_o must_v serve_v the_o master_n trumpeter_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o drudgery_n though_o they_o can_v sound_v all_o the_o point_n of_o war_n never_o so_o well_o 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bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n there_o be_v another_o martial_a instrument_n use_v with_o the_o cavalry_n which_o they_o call_v a_o kettledrum_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o which_o hang_v upon_o the_o horse_n before_o the_o kettledrum_n kettledrum_n drummer_n saddle_n on_o both_o which_o he_o beat_v they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a prince_n duke_n and_o earl_n may_v have_v they_o with_o those_o troop_n which_o ordinary_o be_v call_v their_o life-guard_n so_o may_v general_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n though_o they_o be_v not_o nobleman_n the_o german_n dane_n and_o sweede_n permit_v none_o to_o have_v they_o under_o a_o lord_n baron_fw-fr unless_o they_o have_v take_v they_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o in_o that_o case_n any_o ritmaster_n whatever_o extraction_n he_o be_v of_o may_v make_v they_o beat_v beside_o his_o trumpeter_n they_o be_v use_v also_o for_o state_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n when_o they_o go_v to_o meat_n and_o i_o have_v see_v they_o ordinary_o beat_v 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charge_n will_n no_o doubt_n be_v very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o enemy_n if_o the_o encounter_n be_v in_o a_o close_a country_n they_o serve_v well_o to_o line_n hedges_n and_o possess_v enclosure_n they_o serve_v for_o defend_v pass_n and_o bridge_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o advance_n or_o a_o retreat_n of_o a_o army_n and_o for_o foot_n serve_v on_o foot_n beat_v the_o enemy_n from_o they_o their_o service_n be_v on_o foot_n and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o musketeer_n but_o because_o they_o be_v mount_v on_o horseback_n and_o ride_v with_o the_o horse_n either_o before_o in_o the_o van_n or_o behind_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o a_o army_n they_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o cavalry_n yet_o be_v part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n general_n lieutenant_z general_z or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o not_o to_o those_o of_o the_o foot_n and_o be_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevail_a enemy_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v teach_v to_o give_v fire_n on_o horseback_n that_o in_o a_o open_a field_n they_o may_v keep_v a_o enemy_n at_o a_o distance_n till_o they_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o close_a country_n a_o straight_a a_o pass_n a_o bridge_n a_o hedge_n or_o a_o ditch_n and_o then_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o alight_v and_o defend_v that_o advantage_n that_o thereby_o though_o perhaps_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o dragoon_n themselves_o the_o cavalry_n may_v be_v save_v when_o they_o alight_v they_o cast_v their_o bridle_n rain_v over_o the_o neck_n of_o their_o sideman_n horse_n and_o leave_v they_o in_o that_o same_o order_n as_o they_o march_v of_o ten_o dragoon_n nine_o fight_n and_o the_o ten_o man_n keep_v the_o ten_o horse_n for_o what_o they_o have_v get_v the_o denomination_n of_o dragoon_n denomination_n whence_o they_o have_v their_o denomination_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v tell_v but_o because_o in_o all_o language_n they_o be_v call_v so_o we_o may_v suppose_v they_o may_v borrow_v their_o name_n from_o dragon_n because_o a_o musketeer_n on_o horse_n back_o with_o his_o burn_a match_n ride_v at_o a_o gallop_n as_o many_o time_n he_o do_v may_v something_o resemble_v that_o beast_n which_o naturalist_n call_v a_o fiery_a dragon_n since_o then_o a_o dragoon_n when_o he_o alight_v and_o a_o musqueteer_n be_v all_o one_o i_o have_v musqueteer_n the_o several_a service_n of_o a_o musqueteer_n forbear_v hitherto_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a way_n how_o the_o rank_n of_o musqueteers_n fire_n have_v reserve_v it_o to_o this_o as_o a_o proper_a place_n take_v they_o then_o thus_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v upon_o one_o of_o your_o flank_n that_o hand_n file_n fire_n that_o be_v near_a off_o how_o he_o fire_v in_o the_o flank_n and_o fall_v off_o the_o danger_n and_o the_o next_o stand_v still_o to_o do_v the_o like_a that_o which_o have_v fire_v march_v through_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n till_o 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a_o enemy_n with_o succour_n be_v expect_v and_o in_o the_o field_n a_o well_o order_v and_o courageous_a well_o arm_a batallion_n of_o foot_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o tread_v down_o by_o a_o brigade_n of_o horse_n as_o some_o man_n fancy_n and_o when_o their_o charge_n be_v stout_o stand_v out_o i_o know_v not_o what_o the_o horse_n can_v do_v but_o ride_v i_o will_v not_o say_v run_v away_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a we_o shall_v find_v all_o i_o have_v say_v support_v and_o more_o too_o and_o though_o our_o young_a gallant_n will_v be_v govern_v by_o no_o former_a custom_n yet_o i_o believe_v truth_n itself_o have_v bid_v we_o follow_v the_o good_a old_a way_n and_o therefore_o let_v we_o take_v a_o short_a view_n how_o little_a necessary_a many_o nation_n have_v think_v horseman_n to_o be_v in_o their_o
by_o the_o favour_n of_o powerful_a friend_n have_v come_v to_o that_o charge_n to_o command_v over_o a_o grave_n and_o experience_a major_n it_o be_v the_o way_n to_o make_v discipline_n of_o war_n contemptible_a to_o some_o and_o ridiculous_a to_o other_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o germany_n one_o of_o the_o swedish_n lieutenant_n general_n â—ad_v the_o chief_a command_n of_o a_o little_a army_n and_o over_o all_o the_o garrison_n of_o that_o country_n which_o be_v not_o few_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o that_o army_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v draw_v out_o to_o attack_v a_o little_a town_n strong_o barricado_v by_o the_o enemy_n five_o hundred_o command_v foot_n be_v to_o fall_v on_o first_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o lieutenant_n colonel_n he_o who_o be_v lieutenant_n colonel_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n general_n regiment_n which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o guard_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n and_o debate_v it_o strong_o there_o be_v a_o elder_a lieutenant_n colonel_n than_o he_o of_o another_o regiment_n who_o stiff_o refuse_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n of_o the_o guard_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n because_o he_o have_v be_v a_o lieutenant_n colonel_n in_o the_o swedish_n service_n long_o before_o the_o other_o the_o lieutenant_n general_n be_v consult_v who_o present_o order_v they_o to_o cast_v the_o dice_n for_o it_o his_o own_o lieutenant_n colonel_n by_o lot_n gain_v the_o honour_n but_o lose_v his_o life_n by_o the_o bargain_n you_o see_v how_o this_o lieutenant_n general_n be_v loath_a to_o give_v occasion_n of_o discontent_n by_o prefer_v a_o officer_n of_o the_o guard_n to_o another_o of_o that_o same_o quality_n but_o of_o a_o elder_a stand_n and_o yet_o if_o i_o have_v be_v worthy_a to_o have_v be_v arbitrator_n i_o have_v award_v the_o command_n to_o the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n of_o the_o guard_n thus_o far_o have_v i_o hazard_v to_o publish_v my_o opinion_n of_o this_o controvert_v point_n and_o as_o every_o thing_n that_o man_n write_v must_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o variable_a judgement_n of_o several_a reader_n so_o i_o profess_v i_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o alter_v my_o opinion_n when_o the_o reason_n of_o other_o shall_v even_o but_o probable_o convince_v i_o to_o have_v be_v in_o a_o error_n i_o be_o sure_a to_o maintain_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o will_v transgress_v neither_o act_n or_o statute_n of_o either_o church_n or_o state_n ordinance_n of_o war_n even_o of_o the_o great_a of_o man_n be_v not_o irrevocable_a as_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n be_v say_v to_o be_v but_o notwithstanding_o any_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o avoid_v this_o question_n this_o great_a king_n of_o france_n give_v a_o superiority_n of_o some_o officer_n over_o other_o of_o that_o same_o degree_n and_o not_o only_o to_o those_o of_o his_o own_o guard_n which_o be_v very_o many_o and_o those_o of_o the_o queen_n the_o dolphin_n and_o monsieur_n his_o brother_n which_o i_o look_v upon_o as_o tolerable_a but_o he_o give_v the_o command_n to_o french_a officer_n over_o stranger_n of_o a_o high_a quality_n in_o so_o much_o that_o in_o one_o chapter_n of_o his_o ordinance_n he_o order_v lieutenant-colonel_n who_o be_v stranger_n to_o be_v command_v if_o i_o remember_v right_a by_o a_o french_a ensign_n if_o private_a man_n may_v examine_v the_o direction_n of_o mighty_a monarch_n i_o shall_v think_v this_o be_v enough_o to_o encourage_v all_o stranger_n to_o offer_v their_o service_n to_o the_o capital_a enemy_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n chap._n xiii_o of_o feltmarshal_n lieutenant-feltmarshals_a lieutenant-general_n general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n major-general_n and_o adjutant-general_n our_o modern_a force_n be_v levy_v muster_v arm_v well_o exercise_v discipline_v pay_v and_o proviant_v and_o mould_v in_o troop_n company_n and_o regiment_n call_v now_o for_o general_n officer_n that_o these_o independent_a body_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v may_v be_v cast_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o army_n these_o shall_v not_o be_v want_v for_o it_o be_v but_o too_o ordinary_a to_o have_v more_o general_a officer_n in_o a_o army_n than_o there_o be_v colonel_n in_o it_o and_o yet_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o more_o colonel_n than_o be_v necessary_a army_n many_o general_a person_n in_o a_o army_n if_o you_o consider_v the_o weakness_n of_o their_o regiment_n and_o true_o i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o insupportable_a abuse_n and_o vanity_n that_o no_o soon_o be_v a_o lieutenant_n or_o major-general_n send_v with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o army_n on_o some_o exploit_n which_o may_v require_v some_o considerable_a time_n or_o that_o upon_o some_o other_o occasion_n either_o for_o a_o speedy_a march_n the_o accommodation_n of_o the_o army_n or_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o country_n every_o one_o who_o command_v apart_o one_o wing_n or_o tertia_fw-la of_o that_o army_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n make_v up_o a_o complete_a general_n staff_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n commissary_n muster-master_n and_o proviant-master_n general_n and_o of_o the_o auditor_n and_o provost-marshal_n general_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n and_o so_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n scout-master_n and_o waggonmaster_n general_n and_o now_o i_o be_o to_o give_v you_o a_o brief_a description_n of_o these_o general_a officer_n mention_v in_o the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n the_o word_n felt_n or_o field-marshal_a import_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o person_n who_o felt-marshalâ—_a felt-marshalâ—_a have_v the_o field_n and_o be_v call_v in_o french_a marshal_z de_fw-fr camp_n and_o so_o the_o primitive_a institution_n of_o the_o office_n be_v and_o so_o it_o continue_v till_o within_o these_o fifty_o year_n for_o the_o present_a in_o germany_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n those_o who_o command_v army_n royal_a consist_v of_o cavalry_n infantry_n and_o artillery_n be_v qualify_v by_o the_o title_n of_o feltmarshals_a and_o have_v a_o equivalent_a authority_n to_o the_o ancient_a marshal_n of_o france_n far_o above_o that_o of_o marshal_n the_o camp_n and_o those_o feltmarshals_a have_v under_o they_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n generals_z and_o major-general_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o these_o last_o be_v now_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n for_o they_o draw_v up_o the_o several_a regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o both_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n so_o upon_o the_o matter_n a_o felt-marshal_n be_v now_o general_a or_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n so_o be_v barrier_n torstensone_n and_o wrangel_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o in_o the_o long_a german_a war_n under_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n these_o feel_a marshal_n now_o have_v general_n and_o train_n of_o artillery_n under_o they_o a_o feltmarshals_a absolute_a command_n of_o a_o army_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v of_o no_o old_a date_n for_o in_o my_o time_n ilo_z be_v felt-marshal_n to_o wallenstein_n gustavus_n horn_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n kniphausin_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n and_o as_o in_o process_n of_o time_n he_o have_v insensible_o attain_v to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o absolute_a power_n than_o before_o so_o the_o title_n of_o lieutenant_n felt-marshal_n signify_v now_o more_o than_o it_o can_v be_v interpret_v lieutenant-felt-marshal_n lieutenant-felt-marshal_n to_o do_v at_o its_o first_o institution_n and_o the_o title_n itself_o be_v not_o old_a when_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n invade_v pole_n he_o gratify_v some_o of_o his_o ancient_a general_n officer_n with_o this_o title_n and_o it_o be_v then_o and_o be_v now_o where_o it_o be_v use_v look_v upon_o as_o more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o lieutenant-general_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o can_v divine_v yet_o it_o be_v certain_o so_o for_o a_o lieutenant_n felt-marshal_n command_v general_n of_o horse_n or_o foot_n count_n koningsmark_n have_v command_v several_a army_n in_o chief_a in_o the_o long_a german_a war_n both_o prudent_o and_o successful_o under_o the_o title_n of_o lieutenant-general_n but_o think_v himself_o honour_v seven_o year_n after_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n with_o this_o title_n of_o lieutenant_n felt-marshal_n that_o must_v be_v most_o honourable_a that_o a_o prince_n fancy_n to_o be_v so_o and_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o because_o he_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o honour_n a_o lieutenant_n general_n if_o you_o take_v the_o word_n strict_o have_v no_o command_n army_n lieutenant-general_n of_o a_o army_n when_o his_o general_n be_v present_a i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o most_o proper_a title_n for_o those_o who_o command_v army_n in_o chief_a under_o a_o monarch_n or_o free_a state_n because_o they_o be_v their_o lieutenant_n in_o militaribus_fw-la or_o if_o a_o prince_n have_v appoint_v a_o captain-general_n to_o command_v all_o his_o force_n
under_o charles_n gustavus_n both_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o some_o of_o the_o emperor_n army_n have_v they_o likewise_o some_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o infantry_n i_o have_v likewise_o know_v but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o all_o army_n but_o a_o major-general_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v think_v a_o necessary_a commander_n in_o all_o army_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o weak_a when_o any_o of_o they_o be_v want_v or_o out_o of_o the_o way_n the_o old_a colonel_n officiate_n for_o he_o the_o english_a call_v he_o sergeant_n major-general_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o in_o some_o place_n he_o be_v order_v to_o be_v constant_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o war._n the_o name_n of_o adjutant-general_n denote_v his_o charge_n and_o office_n for_o he_o be_v a_o helper_n adjutant-general_n adjutant-general_n to_o those_o general_a officer_n of_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n the_o order_n and_o direction_n he_o give_v be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o his_o 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be_v too_o few_o to_o supply_v which_o defect_n and_o not_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o adjutant_n the_o commander_n in_o chief_a aught_o to_o have_v half_o a_o dozen_o of_o understand_a gentleman_n well_o mount_v and_o these_o as_o the_o general_n ride_v along_o the_o army_n either_o to_o marshal_v or_o encourage_v it_o shall_v ride_v with_o he_o that_o the_o whole_a army_n may_v know_v they_o as_o such_o who_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v to_o carry_v the_o general_n be_v direction_n which_o may_v be_v very_o many_o according_a as_o the_o many_o emergency_n and_o change_n of_o thing_n may_v make_v he_o alter_v his_o command_n and_o the_o fit_a person_n for_o that_o employment_n be_v such_o reformado_n as_o have_v be_v major_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n former_o i_o have_v see_v this_o place_n of_o adjutant-general_n make_v very_o contemptible_a by_o some_o general_n who_o have_v fill_v it_o up_o despicable_a his_o charge_n make_v despicable_a with_o man_n who_o mean_a understanding_n little_a experience_n dulness_n of_o spirit_n and_o weak_a intellectual_n render_v they_o despicable_a and_o ridiculous_a to_o those_o to_o who_o they_o pretend_v to_o bring_v their_o order_n he_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v a_o great_a helper_n to_o the_o major_a general_n whether_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n but_o where_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o major_a general_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o perhaps_o as_o many_o or_o more_o of_o the_o cavalry_n i_o think_v there_o need_v no_o adjutant_n at_o all_o for_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o every_o major_a general_n shall_v have_v a_o adjutant_n general_n nor_o will_v man_n be_v sound_a to_o engage_v in_o a_o charge_n that_o be_v make_v so_o common_a unless_o it_o be_v such_o insignificant_a person_n as_o these_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o in_o france_n this_o adjutant_n general_n be_v call_v aidâ—_n the_o camp_n and_o in_o major_a aide_n de_fw-fr camp_n and_o aid_v major_a some_o foot_n regiment_n the_o major_n have_v his_o adjutant_n who_o be_v call_v aide_n major_a and_o this_o for_o most_o part_n be_v one_o of_o the_o lieutenant_n who_o have_v no_o allowance_n for_o it_o in_o the_o old_a english_a discipline_n of_o war_n this_o adjutant_n be_v call_v a_o corporal_n of_o the_o field_n corporal_n of_o the_o field_n field_n and_o there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o in_o every_o army_n wherein_o they_o be_v well_o know_v they_o be_v mount_v on_o good_a and_o swift_a horse_n their_o charge_n and_o employment_n be_v the_o very_a same_o in_o all_o thing_n with_o that_o of_o our_o modern_a adjutant_n if_o i_o have_v right_o describe_v a_o adjutant_n general_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o differ_v from_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr gaya_n who_o have_v late_o write_v a_o short_a system_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n in_o his_o nineteenth_o page_n he_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o adjutant_n general_n or_o aid_v the_o camp_n as_o he_o call_v he_o be_v fit_a for_o a_o young_a man_n of_o quality_n and_o in_o which_o say_v he_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o he_o to_o learn_v and_o make_v himself_o perfect_a indeed_o i_o acknowledge_v we_o be_v bind_v still_o to_o be_v learning_n what_o be_v good_a yet_o i_o can_v allow_v a_o adjutant_n to_o be_v a_o apprentice_n and_o though_o it_o become_v he_o to_o be_v teach_v by_o his_o better_n yet_o he_o shall_v be_v so_o perfect_a in_o the_o military_a art_n that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o teach_v other_o nor_o can_v i_o allow_v he_o to_o be_v very_o young_a since_o he_o embrace_v a_o charge_n which_o befit_v none_o but_o a_o experience_a soldier_n but_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr gaya_n add_v he_o shall_v be_v wise_a vigilant_a and_o vigorous_a i_o confess_v a_o young_a man_n may_v be_v wise_a but_o i_o believe_v wisdom_n here_o be_v take_v for_o experience_n whereof_o young_a man_n of_o quality_n may_v be_v very_o oft_o destitute_a but_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr gaya_n forget_v to_o bestow_v the_o qualification_n of_o courageous_a upon_o his_o aid_n the_o camp_n which_o if_o he_o want_v be_v he_o be_v to_o carry_v and_o distribute_v his_o order_n in_o the_o time_n of_o hot_a danger_n i_o will_v not_o give_v a_o rush_n for_o all_o his_o wisdom_n vigilancy_n and_o vigour_n he_o say_v also_o that_o his_o aid_n the_o camp_n shall_v be_v always_o tous_fw-fr jours_fw-fr beside_o the_o general_a officer_n to_o carry_v their_o order_n where_o they_o be_v necessary_a but_o if_o he_o be_v always_o with_o they_o how_o can_v he_o be_v from_o they_o when_o he_o carry_v their_o order_n where_o they_o be_v necessary_a certain_o he_o must_v be_v but_o sometime_o quelquefois_fw-fr with_o they_o and_o sometime_o from_o they_o beside_o all_o these_o general_a person_n mention_v some_o will_v have_v a_o quartermaster_n general_n for_o the_o horse_n beside_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n of_o the_o army_n because_o this_o last_o stay_v constant_o at_o the_o head_n quarter_n with_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v constant_o with_o the_o horse_n but_o i_o think_v place_n and_o office_n multiply_v place_n shall_v not_o be_v multiply_v shall_v not_o be_v multiply_v in_o army_n and_o therefore_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o old_a regiment_n of_o horse_n may_v officiate_v in_o the_o cavalry_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n of_o who_o office_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o castrametation_n though_o many_o of_o these_o general_a officer_n of_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v may_v seem_v to_o be_v more_o burdensome_a than_o useful_a to_o either_o prince_n state_n or_o army_n yet_o this_o present_a emperor_n leopold_n be_v glad_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o all_o in_o his_o late_a war_n against_o the_o turk_n to_o satisfy_v that_o noble_a desire_n of_o honour_n which_o many_o prince_n and_o other_o person_n of_o high_a and_o eminent_a quality_n have_v to_o serve_v he_o against_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o the_o christian_a name_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o of_o all_o the_o duty_n these_o general_a person_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v in_o officer_n qualification_n of_o all_o these_o general_a officer_n their_o several_a charge_n but_o i_o have_v not_o speak_v of_o those_o part_n virtue_n and_o quality_n wherewith_o some_o who_o write_v or_o speak_v of_o that_o subject_a will_v have_v they_o endue_v they_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o rehearse_v neither_o can_v i_o well_o do_v it_o without_o tautology_n but_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o qualification_n require_v by_o some_o author_n for_o a_o captain_n general_n be_v divide_v between_o he_o and_o all_o the_o general_a person_n under_o he_o may_v in_o my_o opinion_n serve_v they_o all_o sufficient_o and_o what_o these_o be_v you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o next_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o a_o captain_n general_n or_o generalissimo_n if_o
our_o first_o parent_n have_v not_o rebel_v against_o their_o creator_n their_o posterity_n have_v enjoy_v a_o everlasting_a peace_n and_o so_o such_o a_o person_n as_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o have_v be_v very_o unnecessary_a but_o i_o assure_v myself_o never_o man_n except_o adam_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o perfection_n be_v endue_v with_o these_o gift_n wherewith_o some_o notional_a author_n will_v have_v a_o captain_n general_n to_o be_v qualify_v he_o must_v say_v general_n a_o notional_a description_n of_o a_o captain_n general_n they_o be_v pious_a towards_o god_n just_a towards_o man_n and_o loyal_a to_o his_o master_n he_o must_v be_v very_o affable_a very_o wise_a of_o a_o sudden_a and_o quick_a apprehension_n of_o a_o solid_a judgement_n and_o happy_a memory_n he_o must_v be_v very_o severe_a in_o his_o command_n and_o yet_o very_o merciful_a he_o must_v be_v liberal_a and_o free_a from_o all_o manner_n of_o avarice_n painful_a magnanimous_a and_o courageous_a and_o in_o one_o word_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o old_a practitioner_n in_o the_o military_a art_n and_o well_o experiment_v in_o all_o its_o part_n and_o duty_n perhaps_o you_o may_v think_v this_o enough_o but_o polybius_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n require_v more_o for_o he_o will_v have_v his_o general_n to_o be_v both_o a_o astrologer_n and_o a_o geometer_n if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o where_o or_o in_o what_o region_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n all_o these_o qualification_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o one_o person_n eris_n mihi_fw-la magnus_fw-la apollo_n that_o he_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o supreme_a command_n of_o royal_a army_n one_o or_o more_o and_o with_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o a_o state_n shall_v be_v a_o accomplish_a person_n nature_n the_o charge_n of_o a_o generalissimo_n be_v of_o the_o high_a nature_n and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a such_o a_o one_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v will_v not_o be_v ready_o deny_v since_o it_o be_v a_o command_n of_o the_o high_a nature_n the_o great_a honour_n and_o deep_a consequence_n that_o can_v be_v confer_v on_o any_o single_a person_n of_o what_o quality_n â—r_o degree_n soever_o for_o he_o be_v entrust_v not_o only_o with_o the_o life_n of_o those_o that_o be_v in_o arm_n under_o his_o command_n but_o with_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n town_n fort_n and_o castle_n with_o the_o honour_n welfare_n and_o stand_v of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n and_o with_o the_o life_n and_o property_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n the_o loss_n of_o his_o army_n or_o army_n by_o his_o negligence_n inadvertency_n rashness_n or_o cowardice_n may_v occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o these_o or_o make_v they_o run_v a_o very_a great_a hazard_n by_o his_o indiscretion_n much_o more_o by_o his_o treachery_n he_o may_v in_o one_o moment_n of_o time_n lose_v the_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o many_o thousand_o make_v number_n of_o woman_n widow_n child_n fatherless_a and_o father_n childless_a he_o may_v lose_v the_o honour_n and_o beauty_n of_o a_o whole_a province_n yea_o of_o a_o whole_a kingdom_n all_o which_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o office_n and_o charge_n to_o preserve_v the_o consideration_n of_o these_o thing_n move_v most_o of_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o emperor_n person_n a_o prince_n to_o manage_v his_o war_n in_o person_n and_o those_o of_o latter_a time_n likewise_o to_o manage_v their_o war_n and_o lead_v their_o army_n in_o person_n those_o who_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o first_o four_o monarchy_n do_v so_o as_o in_o the_o assyrian_a nimrod_n belus_n ninus_n and_o semiramis_n and_o when_o their_o posterity_n do_v it_o not_o their_o empire_n be_v in_o the_o wain_n and_o end_v with_o sardanapalus_n who_o hide_v himself_o from_o the_o sight_n of_o man_n among_o his_o woman_n cyrus_n lead_v his_o army_n himself_o so_o do_v some_o of_o his_o successor_n but_o when_o other_o of_o they_o stay_v at_o home_n and_o send_v their_o lieutenant_n abroad_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n decay_v and_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o great_a alexander_n who_o manage_v his_o war_n in_o person_n and_o so_o do_v those_o great_a captain_n of_o he_o who_o cut_v out_o kingdom_n to_o themselves_o out_o of_o their_o master_n conquest_n but_o their_o successor_n lose_v they_o by_o sit_v idle_a at_o home_n and_o employ_v their_o general_n abroad_o many_o roman_a emperor_n after_o augustus_n go_v to_o their_o war_n in_o person_n whereby_o they_o preserve_v their_o imperial_a dignity_n but_o when_o other_o employ_v their_o lieutenant_n though_o many_o of_o these_o be_v excellent_a man_n and_o often_o victorious_a the_o empire_n be_v tear_v in_o piece_n the_o king_n of_o leon_n navarr_n castille_n portugal_n and_o arragon_n after_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o gothish_a monarchy_n in_o spain_n go_v to_o the_o field_n in_o person_n and_o recover_v it_o many_o instance_n to_o prove_v it_o those_o kingdom_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o saracen_n when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n of_o the_o merovingian_n and_o carolomannian_a race_n keep_v within_o their_o palace_n and_o suffer_v the_o major_n thereof_o to_o govern_v their_o army_n they_o lose_v their_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n our_o king_n of_o scotland_n and_o england_n use_v most_o to_o manage_v their_o war_n themselves_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o lead_v his_o great_a army_n himself_o and_o for_o most_o part_n be_v always_o victorious_a for_o his_o loss_n at_o algiers_n occasion_v by_o the_o visible_a hand_n of_o heaven_n and_o his_o force_a retreat_n from_o inspruck_a and_o the_o siege_n of_o metz_n be_v but_o small_a blemish_n in_o the_o beautiful_a and_o fair_a map_n of_o his_o victorious_a reign_n but_o since_o his_o time_n his_o successor_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v sit_v at_o home_n and_o entrust_v their_o army_n to_o their_o general_n and_o we_o see_v that_o their_o wide_a and_o far_o stretch_v monarchy_n have_v be_v since_o that_o emperor_n time_n in_o a_o constant_a decadency_n all_o the_o king_n and_o emperor_n of_o the_o ottoman_a race_n go_v in_o person_n to_o the_o war_n till_o selimus_n the_o second_o change_v that_o custom_n and_o since_o that_o time_n none_o of_o they_o have_v do_v action_n by_o their_o bassa_n comparable_a to_o those_o of_o their_o ancestor_n in_o our_o own_o day_n the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o entrust_v the_o manage_n his_o war_n against_o gustavus_n adolphus_n to_o his_o general_n wallenstein_n ty_o and_o pappenheim_n all_o brave_a and_o great_a captain_n yet_o that_o martial_a king_n be_v in_o person_n on_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n prevail_v over_o they_o all_o we_o may_v perceive_v the_o great_a odds_o of_o manage_v a_o war_n by_o a_o prince_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o by_o his_o captain_n general_n by_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o action_n of_o two_o brother_n both_o of_o they_o excellent_a prince_n these_o be_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o compare_v action_n of_o two_o brother_n compare_v five_o of_o who_o i_o but_o just_a now_o speak_v and_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n hungaria_n and_o bohemia_n the_o first_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v lead_v his_o most_o considerable_a army_n himself_o the_o second_o stay_v constant_o at_o home_n and_o send_v his_o captain_n general_n to_o manage_v his_o war_n of_o great_a importance_n mark_v the_o issue_n ferdinand_n lose_v three_o royal_a army_n each_o of_o they_o compose_v of_o a_o well_o appoint_v cavalry_n infantry_n and_o train_n of_o artillery_n one_o of_o they_o at_o esâ—câ—hiâ—_n under_o cazzianer_n another_o at_o buda_n under_o rocandolf_n and_o the_o three_o at_o pesth_n under_o joachiâ—â—_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n all_o three_o be_v woeful_o and_o shameful_o lose_v without_o fight_v and_o if_o any_o think_v that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o all_o the_o three_o or_o any_o one_o of_o they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v prevent_v by_o the_o prince_n own_o presence_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o undoubted_o it_o have_v and_o my_o reason_n be_v this_o because_o that_o which_o lose_v they_o all_o be_v the_o irresolution_n of_o the_o general_n who_o dare_v neither_o fight_n nor_o retire_v in_o time_n as_o be_v rich_a and_o wary_a to_o hazard_v that_o which_o be_v not_o their_o owâ—â—_n whereas_o ferdinand_n if_o he_o have_v be_v present_a will_v quick_o have_v resolve_v either_o on_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o and_o consequent_o will_v have_v either_o retire_v in_o time_n and_o save_v all_o his_o three_o army_n or_o have_v fight_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v be_v victorious_a or_o will_v have_v be_v beat_v with_o more_o glory_n to_o himself_o and_o mischief_n to_o his_o insolent_a enemy_n and_o this_o be_v more_o particular_o clear_a in_o that_o army_n command_v by_o rocandolf_n who_o after_o multitude_n of_o infidel_n be_v already_o arrive_v
for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o besiege_a queen_n and_o city_n of_o buda_n and_o that_o soliman_n himself_o by_o speedy_a march_n be_v hasten_v thither_o can_v not_o be_v move_v or_o persuade_v by_o any_o entreaty_n or_o remonstrance_n of_o the_o principal_a commander_n of_o his_o army_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n vow_v and_o protest_v that_o he_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v do_v it_o without_o a_o express_a warrant_n from_o his_o master_n king_n ferdinand_n but_o before_o that_o can_v come_v he_o and_o his_o misfortunate_a army_n be_v both_o irrecoverable_o ruin_v the_o sad_a history_n of_o all_o these_o three_o army_n you_o may_v read_v at_o length_n in_o paolo_n giovio_n be_v please_v to_o take_v another_o instance_n of_o a_o late_a date_n in_o the_o year_n 1657_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n invade_v the_o duchy_n of_o holstein_n with_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a army_n his_o horseman_n and_o his_o soldier_n be_v almost_o naked_a and_o all_o beat_a compare_v action_n of_o two_o king_n compare_v with_o a_o long_a march_n from_o pole_n nor_o be_v it_o so_o strong_a as_o eleven_o thousand_o of_o all_o frederick_n the_o three_o king_n of_o denmark_n entrust_v a_o well_o appoint_v army_n of_o sixteen_o thousand_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o a_o feltmarshal_n and_o stay_v at_o copâ—nhagen_n himself_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o his_o privy_a council_n the_o swede_n be_v in_o person_n on_o the_o head_n of_o his_o harassed_a army_n prevail_v every_o where_o ruin_v the_o danish_a army_n without_o one_o blow_n and_o besiege_v the_o relic_n of_o it_o in_o frederichsode_n a_o strong_a town_n storm_v it_o and_o take_v it_o with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o the_o danish_a feltmarshal_n and_o most_o of_o his_o man_n and_o get_v in_o it_o above_o one_o hundred_o brass-gun_n and_o much_o ammunition_n after_o this_o a_o vehement_a frost_n be_v command_v from_o heaven_n to_o favour_v he_o with_o a_o bridge_n he_o step_v over_o the_o ice_n from_o isle_n to_o isle_n on_o the_o belt_n where_o he_o force_v the_o dane_n to_o accept_v of_o such_o condition_n as_o he_o impose_v which_o be_v both_o dishonourable_a and_o disadvantageous_a sure_o if_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v be_v personal_o present_a with_o his_o force_n he_o have_v at_o lest_o once_o fight_v for_o it_o to_o make_v war_n in_o person_n seem_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o essential_a duty_n of_o a_o king_n or_o sovereign_a prince_n this_o be_v one_o of_o those_o reason_n which_o the_o people_n of_o god_n give_v for_o their_o desire_n to_o have_v a_o king_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o to_o do_v justice_n among_o ourselves_o person_n king_n of_o israel_n and_o judah_n make_v war_n iâ—_n person_n and_o to_o lead_v out_o our_o army_n to_o battle_n against_o our_o enemy_n and_o they_o add_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o nation_n so_o than_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o king_n at_o that_o time_n go_v to_o the_o field_n in_o person_n so_o do_v saul_n the_o first_o king_n of_o israel_n and_o so_o do_v david_n and_o most_o of_o all_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o david_n make_v joab_n his_o captain_n general_n i_o give_v two_o answer_n first_o joab_n authority_n cease_v when_o david_n be_v present_a which_o he_o be_v almost_o constant_o with_o his_o force_n answer_v the_o objection_n of_o joab_n answer_v till_o he_o be_v establish_v king_n of_o israel_n for_o joab_n employment_n where_o he_o command_v in_o chief_a if_o i_o have_v observe_v right_a be_v first_o against_o the_o rebel_n absalon_n and_o this_o be_v a_o civil_a war_n and_o then_o against_o the_o ammonite_n and_o that_o be_v a_o foreign_a war_n both_o these_o have_v their_o rise_n from_o sudden_a emergency_n in_o the_o last_o the_o king_n presence_n till_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a and_o in_o the_o first_o not_o at_o all_o convenient_a but_o second_o i_o answer_v that_o david_n do_v often_o repent_v he_o of_o the_o large_a commission_n he_o have_v give_v to_o joab_n who_o thereby_o make_v himself_o so_o strong_a that_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o punish_v he_o for_o his_o misdemeanour_n which_o he_o often_o insinuate_v in_o those_o word_n you_o be_v too_o strong_a for_o i_o you_o son_n of_o zâ—rviah_n answer_v that_o oâ—_n benajah_n answer_v as_o to_o solomon_n make_v benajah_n captain_n general_n it_o signify_v but_o little_a since_o there_o be_v no_o war_n in_o his_o time_n and_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o host_n be_v almost_o constant_o beside_o he_o if_o any_o war_n have_v fall_v out_o probable_o solomon_n will_v have_v conduct_v his_o force_n himself_o but_o his_o reign_n be_v peaceable_a as_o be_v the_o type_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o peace_n yet_o he_o may_v have_v repent_v it_o if_o he_o have_v confer_v that_o high_a trust_n on_o jeroboam_n who_o if_o he_o have_v be_v captain_n general_n probable_o will_v not_o have_v flee_v to_o egypt_n for_o fear_n of_o king_n solomon_n for_o his_o action_n against_o rehoboam_n declare_v afterward_o that_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o rebel_n be_v within_o his_o breast_n whatever_o his_o exterior_a deportment_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o peaceable_a king_n but_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o sovereign_a prince_n shall_v conduct_v their_o army_n first_o objection_n against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v first_o in_o person_n it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o a_o infant_n king_n can_v manage_v a_o war_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o then_o the_o prince_n near_o in_o blood_n shall_v do_v it_o as_o well_o as_o he_o shall_v govern_v in_o civil_a affair_n and_o if_o it_o be_v say_v he_o may_v usurp_v i_o answer_v better_a he_o do_v so_o than_o a_o fellow_n subject_n who_o may_v play_v the_o like_a prank_n if_o he_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o like_a power_n but_o it_o be_v know_v that_o many_o infant_n king_n have_v be_v carry_v answer_v answer_v about_o with_o their_o army_n to_o encourage_v they_o so_o great_a a_o influence_n 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world_n many_o age_n before_o he_o among_o the_o ancient_a grecians_n roman_n and_o german_n too_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o coligni_n the_o famous_a admiral_n of_o france_n have_v ordinary_o harquebusier_n of_o foot_n mix_v with_o his_o horseman_n and_o true_o as_o i_o think_v musqueteer_n have_v do_v and_o can_v do_v good_a service_n against_o horse_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o charge_n so_o i_o conceive_v in_o the_o charge_n pikeman_n well_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a will_v notable_o assist_v horseman_n if_o they_o be_v interline_v with_o they_o but_o it_o seem_v general_n think_v not_o so_o because_o they_o do_v not_o use_v it_o but_o in_o the_o marshal_n army_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o interval_n between_o the_o great_a body_n whether_o these_o be_v regiment_n or_o brigade_n some_o allow_v but_o 24_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o they_o and_o they_o say_v if_o they_o be_v great_a the_o enemy_n may_v easy_o get_v into_o these_o void_a place_n and_o so_o fall_v upon_o body_n narrow_a interval_n between_o great_a body_n the_o flank_n of_o the_o several_a body_n and_o ruin_v they_o a_o consideration_n that_o carry_v much_o reason_n with_o it_o but_o true_o this_o order_n be_v good_a if_o the_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o one_o front_n without_o any_o reserve_v but_o if_o it_o have_v a_o reserve_v these_o narrow_a interval_n in_o the_o battle_n render_v it_o useless_a nay_o they_o may_v help_v to_o ruin_v it_o my_o reason_n be_v this_o a_o reserve_n be_v appoint_v to_o advance_v against_o a_o enemy_n at_o one_o of_o these_o three_o occasion_n which_o be_v when_o the_o battle_n be_v weary_a when_o it_o be_v in_o danger_n and_o when_o it_o be_v beat_v now_o in_o none_o of_o these_o three_o can_v the_o reserve_v be_v steedable_a if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n for_o it_o to_o advance_v to_o draw_v up_o and_o to_o fight_v but_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o a_o brigade_n of_o three_o hundred_o man_n in_o front_n in_o the_o reserve_n can_v advance_v draw_v up_o and_o fight_v on_o a_o spot_n of_o ground_n twenty_o four_o foot_n broad_a or_o yet_o on_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n three_o reserve_n obstruct_v help_n from_o the_o reserve_n hundred_o foot_n broad_a for_o there_o they_o shall_v only_o have_v ground_n to_o stand_v on_o but_o no_o room_n to_o handle_v their_o arm_n especial_o their_o musket_n but_o it_o will_v be_v yet_o worse_o if_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v fly_v and_o these_o of_o the_o reserve_v advance_v for_o there_o shall_v be_v in_o that_o case_n such_o a_o medley_n and_o a_o embarras_n that_o they_o shall_v ruin_v one_o another_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o enemy_n i_o suppose_v for_o these_o or_o the_o like_a reason_n other_o allow_v as_o much_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n marshal_v in_o the_o battle_n as_o can_v contain_v a_o brigade_n draw_v up_o behind_o it_o use_n large_a interval_n of_o better_a use_n in_o the_o reserve_v all_o the_o brigade_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o a_o like_a strength_n and_o number_n and_o thereby_o whether_o the_o battle_n â—eel_v faint_a or_o fly_v the_o reserve_n may_v come_v up_o to_o the_o shock_n with_o a_o enemy_n without_o any_o impeachment_n give_v to_o it_o by_o the_o fly_a brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o thereby_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n give_v to_o those_o who_o flee_v or_o retire_v to_o rally_v on_o the_o ground_n whereon_o the_o reserve_v stand_v which_o be_v the_o order_n the_o ancient_a roman_n keep_v in_o their_o three_o batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n as_o i_o have_v at_o length_n show_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o their_o art_n of_o war._n and_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o day_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n ago_o the_o interval_n between_o batallion_n be_v so_o narrow_a that_o the_o complainâ—_n charles_n the_o five_o his_o complainâ—_n reserve_v can_v give_v they_o little_a or_o no_o assistance_n whereof_o he_o complain_v in_o his_o instruction_n to_o his_o son_n for_o he_o say_v they_o be_v all_o draw_v up_o in_o direct_a line_n these_o be_v his_o word_n that_o if_o you_o beat_v say_v he_o the_o foremost_a body_n they_o fall_v back_o upon_o the_o rest_n who_o be_v direct_o behind_o they_o and_o so_o bring_v they_o in_o disorder_n and_o consusion_n which_o hurtful_a error_n of_o marshal_v that_o emperor_n say_v he_o intend_v to_o rectify_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n refer_v the_o king_n his_o son_n to_o his_o write_a note_n upon_o that_o subject_a now_o what_o better_a way_n be_v there_o to_o rectify_v this_o evil_a than_o not_o to_o draw_v up_o any_o batallion_n of_o the_o reserve_v direct_o behind_o a_o batallion_n of_o the_o battle_n but_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n behind_o the_o interval_n that_o be_v between_o two_o batalion_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o this_o be_v the_o roman_n way_n who_o draw_v up_o the_o three_o body_n of_o their_o several_a legion_n one_o behind_o another_o chequerwise_a and_o here_o the_o objection_n mention_v before_o that_o a_o enemy_n may_v easy_o enter_v at_o these_o wide_a interval_n and_o charge_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o brigade_n in_o battle_n must_v be_v answer_v ordnance_n interval_n defend_v by_o ordnance_n that_o these_o interval_n be_v defend_v with_o great_a and_o small_a piece_n of_o ordnance_n suppose_v every_o one_o of_o they_o with_o four_o great_a and_o lesser_a piece_n or_o with_o three_o according_a as_o the_o train_n be_v great_a or_o small_a and_o if_o that_o do_v not_o the_o deed_n or_o that_o any_o of_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n begin_v to_o shrink_v or_o reel_v than_o that_o brigade_n of_o the_o reserve_v that_o be_v behind_o the_o interval_n in_o danger_n shall_v be_v order_v speedy_o to_o advance_v and_o possess_v it_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o
left_a hand_n three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n draw_v up_o direct_o behind_o the_o three_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o four_o brigade_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o on_o their_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o brigade_n of_o horse_n draw_v up_o behind_o the_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o make_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n marshal_v as_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v compute_v thus_o compute_v longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n compute_v the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n each_o consist_v of_o 600_o horse_n and_o consequent_o of_o 200_o leader_n both_o of_o they_o 400_o leader_n each_z whereof_o have_v three_o foot_n of_o ground_n allow_v he_o require_v 1200_o foot_n and_o the_o interval_n 600_o the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o foot_n 24_o as_o much_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o you_o will_v find_v the_o aggregate_v to_o be_v 3648._o each_o brigade_n of_o foot_n consist_v of_o 1800_o man_n six_o deep_a have_v 300_o leader_n and_o so_o the_o four_o brigade_n have_v 1200_o leader_n each_o of_o these_o have_v three_o foot_n allow_v he_o inde_fw-la 3600_o foot_n so_o every_o brigade_n have_v 900_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o must_v every_o interval_n have_v now_o there_o be_v three_o interval_n and_o three_o time_n 900_o amount_n to_o 2700._o there_o must_v be_v in_o every_o brigade_n two_o interval_n each_o of_o six_o foot_n between_o the_o pike_n and_o musqueteer_n so_o 12_o foot_n in_o every_o one_o and_o in_o all_o the_o four_o 48._o add_v 48_o to_o 2700_o and_o both_o of_o they_o to_o 3600_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 6348._o so_o much_o ground_n be_v require_v for_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o battle_n add_v 6348_o to_o 3648_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o horse_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 9996_o which_o will_v want_v four_o foot_n of_o two_o italian_a mile_n i_o shall_v neither_o trouble_v my_o reader_n nor_o myself_o to_o compute_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o reserve_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o two_o way_n of_o marshal_n this_o army_n of_o 16200_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v mean_v only_o in_o order_n to_o interval_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a a_o army_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o as_o many_o several_a figure_n and_o form_n as_o there_o may_v be_v general_n to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o the_o command_n of_o it_o between_o the_o battle_n and_o reserve_n there_o shall_v be_v as_o great_a distance_n of_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n of_o foot_n possess_v in_o its_o longitude_n but_o if_o the_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o three_o body_n than_o the_o distance_n between_o battle_n and_o rearguard_n must_v be_v double_a that_o distance_n that_o be_v between_o vanguard_n and_o battle_n that_o there_o be_v room_n for_o both_o to_o rally_v this_o be_v observe_v by_o two_o late_a prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n in_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n follow_v therein_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o interval_n between_o their_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n our_o levy_a man_n be_v arm_v pay_v exercise_v discipline_v divide_v into_o troop_n company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n with_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o sufficient_o proyid_v with_o general_a officer_n and_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o at_o length_n marshal_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n be_v now_o ready_a to_o march_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o baggage_n will_v disturb_v they_o unless_o it_o be_v put_v in_o some_o order_n the_o great_a number_n of_o coach_n wagon_n cart_n and_o horse_n load_v with_o baggage_n the_o needless_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o boy_n who_o follow_v army_n render_v a_o march_n slow_a uneasy_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o the_o latin_n give_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n just_o call_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n the_o right_a name_n of_o impedimenta_fw-la hindrance_n but_o because_o without_o some_o baggage_n a_o army_n can_v subsist_v it_o will_v be_v his_o ear_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o baggage_n may_v be_v as_o inconsiderable_a and_o small_a as_o may_v be_v and_o that_o it_o march_v in_o such_o order_n that_o every_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n may_v know_v his_o own_o place_n that_o so_o they_o may_v neither_o disturb_v one_o another_o nor_o yet_o hinder_v the_o march_n of_o the_o army_n the_o place_n where_o the_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o knowledge_n the_o general_n have_v of_o his_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o the_o army_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o van_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n but_o in_o these_o place_n there_o shall_v be_v foot_n baggage_n shall_v have_v convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n with_o it_o a_o convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n strong_a or_o weak_a according_a as_o occasion_n seem_v to_o require_v and_o of_o convoy_n for_o baggage_n i_o shall_v say_v these_o few_o thing_n in_o general_a in_o they_o these_o horseman_n who_o be_v not_o very_o well_o mount_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v employ_v but_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v set_v there_o whether_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n that_o be_v sick_a lame_a or_o wound_v for_o that_o be_v to_o betray_v both_o they_o and_o the_o baggage_n to_o a_o enemy_n when_o convoy_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v for_o defence_n of_o their_o charge_n as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v for_o the_o desire_n of_o booty_n spur_v man_n to_o desperate_a attempt_n they_o shall_v if_o convenient_o they_o can_v cast_v themselves_o within_o the_o wagon_n and_o cart_n draw_v up_o round_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o whence_o musqueteer_n may_v do_v notable_a service_n and_o out_o of_o which_o retrenchment_n the_o horse_n may_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n make_v handsome_a sally_n if_o they_o can_v get_v this_o do_v they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o put_v as_o much_o of_o the_o baggage_n or_o all_o of_o it_o if_o they_o may_v between_o they_o and_o their_o own_o army_n and_o themselves_o between_o the_o baggage_n and_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o if_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v both_o before_o and_o behind_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o though_o some_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n shall_v still_o follow_v the_o artillery_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v hold_v in_o all_o case_n and_o emergency_n the_o march_v of_o both_o army_n and_o baggage_n many_o time_n depend_v on_o contingent_n of_o which_o no_o determinate_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v the_o way_n to_o regulate_v baggage_n be_v to_o appoint_v under_o a_o severe_a penalty_n that_o no_o company_n troop_n or_o regiment_n shall_v have_v more_o wagon_n cart_n or_o baggage_n horse_n than_o such_o a_o set_a number_n already_o order_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n determine_v the_o number_n of_o wagon_n cart_n and_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v determine_v which_o shall_v be_v as_o few_o as_o may_v be_v with_o full_a power_n to_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n to_o make_v all_o that_o be_v over_o that_o number_n prize_n with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o all_o colonel_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o case_n of_o opposition_n in_o the_o former_a discourse_n we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n to_o free_v themselves_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a of_o this_o great_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n load_v their_o soldier_n like_o mule_n and_o ass_n this_o perhaps_o do_v suit_n those_o time_n better_a than_o it_o will_v do_v we_o but_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a allowance_n for_o carriage_n of_o a_o army_n baggage_n have_v be_v in_o the_o other_o extreme_a i_o shall_v instance_n four_o the_o swedish_n king_n and_o their_o general_n allow_v ten_o wagon_n to_o every_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o two_o to_o every_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o sutler_n wagon_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o sometime_o two_o to_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o wagon_n allow_v to_o wagon_n swedish_n allowance_n of_o wagon_n the_o field_n and_o staff-officer_n of_o regiment_n let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o cavalry_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o horse_n and_o these_o divide_v into_o a_o hundred_o troop_n and_o fifty_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n be_v think_v fair_a in_o the_o german_a war._n these_o hundred_o troop_n have_v for_o themselves_o a_o thousand_o wagon_n and_o a_o hundred_o for_o their_o sutler_n model_n these_o hundred_o troop_n in_o
as_o the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n march_v if_o any_o wagon_n or_o baggage-horse_n press_v to_o be_v before_o these_o behind_o who_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n have_v order_v they_o to_o march_v he_o may_v safe_o make_v prize_n of_o they_o owe_v they_o who_o will_n when_o the_o wagon_n come_v to_o a_o heath_n or_o a_o champaign_n field_n the_o waggonmaster_n shall_v order_v the_o wagon_n to_o draw_v up_o two_o four_o or_o five_o in_o rank_n and_o to_o drive_v in_o that_o order_n so_o long_o as_o the_o ground_n permit_v they_o to_o do_v so_o and_o this_o save_v time_n and_o make_v dispatch_v and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o straight_o ground_n they_o be_v to_o fall_v off_o by_o the_o right_a hand_n in_o that_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v before_o the_o same_o course_n he_o be_v to_o take_v with_o baggage_n horse_n this_o baggage-master_n general_n be_v allow_v to_o have_v two_o lieutenant_n so_o that_o if_o the_o army_n march_v three_o several_a way_n aâ—_n deputy_n waggonmaster_n have_v deputy_n sometime_o it_o do_v himself_n and_o his_o two_o deputy_n serve_v to_o marshal_v the_o baggage_n of_o all_o the_o three_o if_o the_o army_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o or_o the_o cavalry_n march_v alone_o one_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n go_v along_o with_o the_o horse_n the_o other_o stay_v with_o himself_o and_o he_o be_v constant_o to_o be_v there_o where_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o train_n of_o artillery_n either_o march_v or_o quarter_v many_o time_n wagon_n be_v command_v to_o be_v burn_v and_o destroy_v sometime_o all_o the_o woman_n and_o most_o of_o the_o baggage_n be_v leave_v behind_o at_o some_o garrison_n and_o fortify_v place_n or_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o artillery_n when_o expedition_n call_v away_o all_o the_o horse_n dragoon_n and_o as_o many_o foot_n as_o be_v able_a to_o march_v lusty_o in_o some_o of_o these_o occasion_n officer_n go_v fair_a to_o lose_v their_o wagon_n and_o some_o of_o their_o 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therefore_o in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v put_v in_o company_n and_o have_v one_o or_o more_o to_o command_v and_o oversee_v they_o and_o these_o be_v call_v in_o germany_n hureweibles_n ruler_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o whore_n i_o have_v see_v they_o ride_v keep_v troop_n rank_n and_o file_v very_o well_o after_o that_o captain_n of_o they_o who_o lead_v they_o and_o a_o banner_n with_o they_o which_o one_o of_o the_o woman_n carry_v the_o three_o three_o three_o class_n be_v of_o those_o who_o walk_v on_o foot_n and_o be_v the_o wife_n of_o inferior_a officer_n and_o soldier_n these_o must_v walk_v beside_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o several_a regiment_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v and_o over_o they_o the_o several_a regiment_n marshal_n have_v inspection_n as_o woman_n be_v create_v to_o be_v a_o helper_n to_o man_n so_o woman_n be_v great_a helper_n armieâ—_n woman_n helpful_a to_o their_o husband_n in_o armieâ—_n in_o army_n to_o their_o husband_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o 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be_v do_v the_o poor_a woman_n be_v to_o be_v call_v their_o husband_n mule_n by_o those_o who_o will_v have_v be_v glad_a to_o have_v have_v such_o mule_n themselves_o among_o all_o these_o kind_n of_o woman_n in_o well_o order_v army_n there_o be_v none_o but_o those_o who_o be_v marry_v if_o there_o be_v any_o else_o upon_o examination_n make_v by_o the_o minister_n priest_n or_o consistory_n they_o be_v put_v away_o with_o ignominy_n at_o least_o shall_v be_v conformable_a to_o all_o article_n of_o war._n but_o a_o strange_a story_n be_v write_v by_o good_a author_n of_o that_o famous_a duke_n of_o aluâ—_n who_o name_n be_v yet_o so_o hateful_a to_o most_o of_o the_o netherlands_o they_o say_v at_o that_o time_n he_o march_v from_o italy_n to_o the_o low-countries_n to_o reduce_v they_o to_o the_o obedience_n of_o his_o master_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n a_o permission_n be_v give_v to_o courtesan_n to_o follow_v his_o army_n but_o they_o be_v to_o ride_v in_o troop_n with_o banner_n they_o have_v their_o several_a courtesan_n a_o strange_a story_n of_o courtesan_n capitaness_n and_o alfieras_n or_o she-cornet_n and_o other_o officer_n who_o keep_v among_o they_o a_o exact_a discipline_n in_o all_o point_n that_o concern_v their_o profession_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a squadron_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o that_o be_v distinguish_v no_o otherwise_o but_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o beauty_n face_n and_o feature_n those_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n be_v permit_v only_o to_o traffic_v with_o man_n of_o the_o high_a quality_n those_o of_o the_o second_o rank_n with_o commander_n of_o great_a note_n those_o of_o the_o three_o with_o officer_n of_o a_o low_a condition_n and_o those_o of_o the_o four_o degree_n with_o officer_n who_o be_v of_o the_o mean_a quality_n and_o soldier_n who_o those_o of_o the_o other_o three_o rank_n reject_v a_o excellent_a commonwealth_n where_o it_o be_v prohibit_v under_o all_o grievous_a pain_n not_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v court_v by_o any_o commonwealth_n a_o abominable_a commonwealth_n either_o above_o or_o below_o the_o rank_n wherein_o they_o be_v place_v and_o that_o be_v impartial_o do_v according_a to_o the_o talon_n nature_n have_v bestow_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o every_o common_a soldier_n inferior_a person_n or_o low_a officer_n ensign_n captain_n colonel_n or_o general_a commander_n know_v to_o who_o they_o may_v address_v themselves_o and_o from_o who_o they_o may_v buy_v repentance_n a_o practice_n which_o i_o suppose_v never_o have_v a_o precedent_n in_o either_o christian_a or_o pagan_a army_n and_o which_o with_o a_o impudent_a face_n loud_o cry_v defiance_n to_o both_o religion_n and_o moral_a honesty_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n if_o there_o be_v any_o confusion_n in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n or_o that_o the_o right_n order_v it_o be_v neglect_v by_o general_a person_n in_o appoint_v every_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n its_o own_o place_n with_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o baggage_n or_o that_o colonel_n major_n and_o captain_n be_v careless_a to_o obey_v their_o order_n in_o their_o march_n army_n a_o careless_a march_n the_o ruin_n of_o a_o army_n and_o suffer_v their_o soldier_n to_o run_v straggle_v and_o lag_v behind_o it_o not_o only_o give_v a_o enemy_n a_o wish_a advantage_n but_o be_v enough_o of_o itself_o to_o ruin_v a_o army_n even_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o a_o march_n a_o army_n may_v be_v surprise_v in_o pass_v a_o river_n whether_o that_o be_v by_o ford_n bridg_n or_o boat_n or_o when_o it_o march_v through_o marsh_n ground_n or_o close_a country_n when_o it_o ascend_v or_o descend_v hill_n to_o all_o these_o inconvenience_n a_o careful_a general_n shall_v advert_v and_o according_a to_o the_o intelligence_n he_o have_v either_o
horse_n make_v the_o rearguard_n behind_o which_o at_o a_o mile_n distance_n follow_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o command_v horse_n the_o baggage_n may_v be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n or_o body_n may_v be_v divide_v easy_o into_o several_a body_n if_o the_o general_n apprehend_v danger_n in_o they_o both_o it_o may_v march_v immediate_o after_o the_o train_n this_o great_a body_n may_v be_v very_o soon_o divide_v into_o either_o two_o or_o three_o several_a one_o and_o may_v march_v as_o many_o several_a way_n as_o the_o general_n please_v but_o true_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a commander_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o be_v divide_v unless_o the_o army_n itself_o divide_v if_o danger_n be_v in_o the_o van_n let_v it_o all_o stay_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o rear_n post_v away_o all_o the_o baggage_n to_o march_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n in_o a_o march_n the_o van_fw-mi if_o in_o both_o necessity_n will_v force_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n but_o my_o humble_a opinion_n be_v that_o without_o apparent_a danger_n it_o shall_v constant_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o the_o disadvantage_n be_v but_o small_a that_o the_o brigade_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o van_n have_v and_o withal_o they_o have_v but_o their_o turn_n of_o it_o that_o they_o must_v wait_v very_o long_o at_o night_n till_o their_o baggage_n come_v from_o the_o rear_n it_o be_v but_o small_a i_o say_v if_o you_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o great_a prejudice_n the_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n suffer_v by_o have_v the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n which_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n benight_a be_v hinder_v by_o the_o baggage_n that_o be_v order_v to_o march_v before_o they_o two_o three_o sometime_o five_o hour_n whereas_o if_o that_o baggage_n have_v not_o be_v in_o their_o way_n they_o may_v have_v reach_v their_o quarter_n seasonable_o enough_o but_o there_o be_v a_o worse_a thing_n in_o it_o than_o that_o when_o upon_o the_o unexpected_a appearance_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o van_n the_o brigade_n that_o be_v in_o the_o rearguard_n be_v sudden_o call_v up_o they_o be_v not_o able_a â—â—_o advance_v for_o the_o unavoidable_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n that_o be_v before_o they_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o middle_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o infantry_n a_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o great_a gun_n and_o train_n and_o the_o general_n secretary_n and_o cabinet_n with_o his_o paper_n and_o for_o most_o of_o he_o and_o some_o of_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n coach_n especial_o if_o their_o lady_n be_v in_o they_o and_o there_o i_o think_v these_o shall_v constant_o march_v but_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o all_o other_o baggage_n whatsoever_o belong_v to_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n according_a to_o that_o priority_n or_o precedency_n the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n have_v themselves_o in_o the_o march_n and_o these_o shall_v change_v every_o day_n that_o who_o be_v in_o the_o van_n one_o day_n may_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o next_o that_o all_o may_v participate_v equal_o of_o the_o ease_n or_o toil_n of_o a_o march_n be_v where_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_v shall_v be_v what_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o place_n where_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o of_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_a soldier_n who_o if_o they_o can_v be_v put_v in_o some_o secure_a or_o fortify_v place_n shall_v be_v bring_v forward_o though_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v borrow_v from_o the_o owner_n for_o that_o use_n and_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n shall_v be_v send_v as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o may_v be_v with_o a_o good_a guard_n or_o convoy_n when_o ground_n will_v permit_v the_o brigade_n of_o a_o army_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n to_o march_v in_o one_o breast_n or_o front_n there_o be_v a_o question_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n shall_v be_v keep_v between_o these_o brigade_n there_o be_v some_o who_o theoretical_o argue_v that_o the_o distance_n between_o two_o brigade_n both_o march_v in_o breast_n but_o the_o one_o behind_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v of_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n draw_v fight_v distance_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v up_o in_o front_n do_v possess_v because_o say_v they_o when_o one_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o a_o large_a field_n where_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o be_v marshal_v the_o second_o brigade_n which_o follow_v can_v draw_v up_o in_o full_a breast_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o unless_o there_o be_v such_o a_o interval_n between_o they_o on_o their_o march_n as_o that_o i_o just_a now_o tell_v you_o of_o nor_o can_v the_o three_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o unless_o it_o have_v that_o same_o distance_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v when_o a_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o battel-order_n that_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v between_o brigades_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n and_o so_o the_o second_o will_v have_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o marshal_v itself_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o but_o that_o can_v make_v i_o allow_v so_o much_o ground_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n as_o i_o willing_o do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v to_o the_o reason_n produce_v against_o it_o i_o say_v to_o think_v that_o a_o brigade_n all_o in_o one_o breast_n and_o march_v direct_o behind_o another_o though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n can_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n on_o the_o left_a examine_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n examine_v hand_n of_o another_o without_o some_o turn_n or_o wheel_v be_v a_o mere_a speculation_n and_o i_o say_v more_o let_v a_o brigade_n march_v in_o three_o squad_n at_o as_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o you_o will_v the_o second_o shall_v not_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o without_o some_o wheel_a and_o if_o a_o small_a body_n can_v do_v it_o much_o less_o can_v a_o great_a and_o practice_n will_v show_v the_o vanity_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v it_o and_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o march_n of_o brigade_n in_o the_o field_n as_o i_o have_v do_v often_o than_o once_o this_o opinion_n than_o vanish_v unless_o they_o who_o follow_v it_o bring_v a_o better_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o hear_v but_o be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n what_o a_o inconvenience_n and_o that_o no_o small_a one_o the_o observe_v this_o rule_n will_v bring_v along_o with_o it_o in_o a_o march_n i_o speak_v still_o when_o brigade_n march_v all_o in_o one_o front_n one_o behind_o another_o at_o that_o rate_n there_o shall_v be_v such_o avast_o distance_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o last_o brigade_n shall_v not_o get_v up_o though_o it_o run_v which_o it_o shall_v not_o do_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v marshal_v but_o in_o a_o very_a long_a time_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v with_o i_o make_v this_o computation_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n in_o this_o chapter_n to_o be_v in_o our_o army_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o strong_a than_o 1800_o man_n and_o therefore_o each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v 300_o in_o front_n allow_v four_o foot_n to_o every_o leader_n these_o 300_o leader_n possess_v in_o rank_n 1200_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o by_o this_o opinion_n which_o i_o combat_v must_v be_v allow_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n march_v one_o after_o another_o in_o breast_n now_o in_o eight_o brigade_n there_o be_v seven_o interval_n seven_o time_n 1200_o foot_n make_v 8400_o every_o one_o of_o the_o brigade_n possess_v in_o deepness_n 36_o foot_n multiply_v 36_o by_o 8_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o brigade_n the_o product_n be_v 288._o add_v 288_o to_o 8400_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 8688_o foot_n so_o much_o distance_n there_o be_v from_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o brigade_n of_o foot_n to_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o eight_o and_o last_o take_v a_o view_n of_o our_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n each_o whereof_o shall_v consist_v inconvenient_a and_o find_v inconvenient_a of_o no_o more_o than_o 600_o be_v three_o deep_a each_o brigade_n have_v 200_o in_o front_n allow_v but_o three_o foot_n for_o every_o rider_n the_o front_n of_o each_o brigade_n possess_v 600_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o
will_v be_v or_o the_o way_n narrow_a as_o for_o most_o part_n it_o chance_v to_o be_v you_o may_v see_v i_o say_v how_o many_o mile_n may_v be_v between_o your_o front_n and_o your_o rear_n and_o indeed_o though_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n by_o the_o stick_n of_o great_a gun_n and_o pot-piece_n in_o deep_a dirty_a or_o clay_n ground_n give_v no_o retardment_n to_o the_o march_n as_o frequent_o it_o do_v or_o that_o a_o army_n meet_v with_o no_o extraordinary_a encumbrance_n as_o happy_o it_o may_v yet_o it_o will_v be_v no_o marvel_n to_o see_v the_o van_n at_o the_o head_n quarter_n before_o the_o rearguard_n be_v march_v out_o of_o their_o last_o night_n leaguer_n though_o the_o march_v be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n to_o allow_v as_o little_a distance_n or_o interval_n between_o several_a body_n or_o batallion_n as_o may_v be_v and_o to_o secure_a a_o close_a march_n the_o best_a and_o secure_a divide_v a_o army_n into_o two_o three_o or_o more_o body_n and_o march_v several_a way_n to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n when_o it_o may_v be_v do_v safe_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o if_o he_o be_v in_o your_o rear_n and_o that_o you_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v divide_v so_o you_o keep_v good_a order_n facilitate_v your_o retreat_n the_o two_o prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n both_o of_o they_o excellent_a captain_n order_v that_o in_o a_o march_n when_o one_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a partition_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o but_o fifty_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o only_o eighty_o foot_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o these_o prince_n cause_v their_o army_n to_o march_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n in_o three_o great_a body_n van_n guard_n battle_n and_o rearguard_n and_o those_o they_o call_v tercias_n or_o tersos_fw-la a_o spanish_a word_n which_o signify_v three_o and_o so_o the_o spaniard_n call_v their_o regiment_n of_o old_a and_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v they_o do_v so_o still_o these_o tersos_fw-la of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v indeed_o grand_a brigade_n and_o these_o have_v maâ—â—rs_n who_o be_v call_v major_n of_o the_o brigade_n beside_o major_n of_o regiment_n and_o in_o a_o march_n the_o prince_n allow_v no_o great_a distance_n between_o these_o great_a body_n but_o a_o hundred_o or_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n at_o most_o and_o herein_o they_o do_v not_o quadrate_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a captain_n who_o will_v have_v as_o great_a a_o distance_n between_o brigade_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o brigade_n be_v which_o we_o may_v suppose_v to_o be_v very_o many_o time_n a_o thousand_o foot_n though_o sometime_o less_o and_o consequent_o if_o there_o be_v ten_o such_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o very_a nine_o interval_n between_o the_o ten_o brigade_n take_v up_o nine_o thousand_o foot_n near_o two_o italian_a mile_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o way_n be_v not_o very_o broad_a there_o will_v be_v several_a mile_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o infantry_n but_o the_o reason_n bring_v by_o those_o that_o be_v of_o this_o judgement_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v but_o weak_a by_o a_o visible_a practice_n when_o a_o army_n be_v to_o go_v over_o a_o pass_n a_o water_n or_o a_o bridge_n the_o whole_a straight_a to_o march_v over_o a_o pass_n or_o a_o straight_a body_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v order_v to_o march_v very_o close_o lose_v something_o of_o their_o ordinary_a distance_n that_o one_o brigade_n or_o batallion_n be_v past_a another_o may_v immediate_o follow_v without_o intermission_n captain_n rud_n the_o late_a king_n engineer_n a_o very_a worthy_a person_n say_v at_o the_o pass_v a_o strait_a a_o army_n shall_v make_v a_o halt_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n and_o then_o pass_v over_o so_o many_o in_o breast_n as_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o over_o draw_v up_o again_o before_o time_n and_o not_o lose_v time_n they_o march_v for_o the_o last_o part_n i_o shall_v agree_v with_o he_o for_o no_o soon_o shall_v any_o forlorn-hope_a troop_n company_n or_o regiment_n be_v over_o a_o pass_n but_o they_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n till_o some_o other_o be_v over_o and_o if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n enough_o they_o shall_v advance_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o they_o find_v a_o more_o spacious_a field_n where_o they_o may_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n and_o expect_v the_o rest_n or_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o every_o particular_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n shall_v draw_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o strait_n which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v till_o the_o rear_n of_o that_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n come_v up_o and_o then_o begin_v their_o march_n over_o i_o shall_v yet_o agree_v with_o he_o but_o for_o a_o van_n of_o a_o army_n to_o stay_v till_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o pass_v a_o strait_a be_v a_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n which_o in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v very_o precious_a for_o in_o a_o army_n but_o of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n that_o halt_n shall_v be_v the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o four_o hour_n and_o this_o furnish_v a_o opportunity_n to_o a_o enemy_n to_o oppose_v the_o passage_n or_o wait_v his_o advantage_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o strait_a with_o more_o force_n policy_n and_o deliberation_n chap._n xx._n of_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o modern_a castrametation_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v and_o the_o army_n have_v march_v far_o quarter_n must_v be_v make_v somewhere_o and_o it_o must_v be_v either_o in_o town_n village_n or_o the_o field_n if_o the_o army_n be_v disperse_v in_o several_a village_n or_o hamlet_n it_o be_v do_v that_o it_o may_v village_n to_o quarter_v in_o village_n be_v refresh_v for_o some_o short_a time_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n if_o it_o be_v to_o lodge_v for_o one_o night_n and_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o than_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n stand_v in_o the_o field_n all_o night_n with_o strong_a guard_n forlorn-hope_n round_n and_o patrovilles_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o ordinary_o the_o head_n quarter_n be_v in_o some_o little_a town_n or_o village_n and_o the_o cavalry_n quarter_v round_o about_o in_o hamlet_n the_o infantry_n be_v encamp_v close_o by_o the_o head-quarter_n and_o if_o it_o be_v but_o to_o stay_v a_o night_n or_o two_o it_o do_v not_o usual_o entrench_v but_o as_o the_o old_a grecian_n do_v encamp_v on_o some_o place_n something_o fortify_v by_o nature_n as_o on_o a_o hill_n or_o some_o defensible_a ascent_n or_o where_o a_o river_n may_v be_v on_o one_o hand_n and_o a_o marsh_n on_o the_o other_o and_o where_o the_o place_n iâ—_n defective_a they_o must_v help_v it_o with_o spade_n and_o mattock_n if_o danger_n be_v apprehend_v or_o if_o the_o foot_n must_v lodge_v in_o a_o champagn_n their_o wagon_n field_n to_o quarter_v in_o the_o field_n draw_v about_o they_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a good_a shelter_n against_o sudden_a infall_n and_o this_o the_o german_n call_v a_o wagonburg_n that_o be_v a_o fortification_n of_o wagon_n and_o it_o be_v better_a than_o the_o roman_a fossa_n tumultuaria_fw-la in_o ancient_a time_n where_o ever_o this_o night-leaguer_n chance_v to_o be_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a must_v be_v careful_a to_o choose_v such_o a_o place_n as_o want_n for_o neither_o wood_n water_n nor_o foderage_n a_o alarm-place_n shall_v be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horse_n in_o case_n their_o quarter_n happen_v to_o be_v beat_v up_o in_o the_o night_n as_o also_o a_o place_n of_o rendezvouz_n at_o which_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o meet_v next_o day_n if_o it_o be_v all_o in_o one_o body_n and_o at_o such_o a_o hour_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v the_o encamp_a of_o a_o army_n for_o some_o considerable_a time_n require_v a_o orderly_a time_n to_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v for_o a_o long_a time_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o very_o ordinary_a yet_o it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o several_a accident_n and_o emergement_n such_o as_o these_o when_o a_o enemy_n come_v unexpected_o who_o strength_n and_o design_n be_v not_o know_v when_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n it_o reason_n for_o it_o when_o he_o will_v preserve_v the_o country_n behind_o he_o whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n himself_o or_o to_o his_o friend_n or_o that_o he_o have_v win_v it_o from_o his_o enemy_n when_o the_o pestilence_n or_o other_o
contagious_a disease_n rage_v so_o in_o town_n and_o village_n that_o he_o dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o quarter_v his_o army_n in_o they_o when_o he_o suppose_v he_o may_v destroy_v his_o enemy_n by_o temporize_v as_o fabius_n maximus_n who_o use_v to_o subdue_v his_o enemy_n more_o with_o hunger_n than_o the_o sword_n or_o as_o sallust_n say_v the_o great_a commendation_n of_o a_o general_n be_v to_o gain_v the_o victory_n without_o blood_n or_o when_o ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o sometime_o ratio_fw-la status_fw-la make_v he_o stay_v for_o more_o of_o his_o own_o force_n or_o those_o of_o his_o friend_n and_o ally_n this_o oblige_v the_o great_a gustavus_n to_o fortify_v his_o leaguer_n and_o his_o army_n within_o they_o at_z verben_fw-ge and_o at_o nuremburg_n or_o last_o when_o he_o be_v to_o besiege_v a_o town_n fort_n or_o castle_n which_o he_o conceive_v will_v not_o very_o soon_o render_v and_o may_v rational_o expect_v succour_n and_o relief_n be_v then_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o may_v be_v more_o reason_n for_o a_o fortify_v answer_v lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomerie_n disapprobation_n answer_v leaguer_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o lovis_n de_fw-fr montgomerie_n who_o will_v only_o allow_v of_o entrench_v camp_n in_o two_o case_n when_o a_o army_n be_v near_o a_o considerable_a enemy_n and_o when_o other_o lodging_n can_v be_v have_v and_o he_o allege_v that_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o their_o hiberna_fw-la and_o some_o of_o our_o fortify_v leaguer_n will_v be_v only_o good_a in_o arabia_n the_o desert_n but_o not_o in_o a_o country_n where_o town_n village_n and_o incorporation_n may_v be_v have_v but_o beside_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v for_o entrench_v camp_n i_o shall_v say_v to_o montgomerie_n that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o many_o of_o these_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n keep_v both_o their_o winter_n and_o summer_n quarter_n be_v then_o as_o desert_n as_o arabia_n be_v now_o and_o in_o our_o time_n it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o take_v in_o village_n hamlet_n and_o castle_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o a_o fortify_v camp_n or_o if_o a_o fortify_v town_n be_v either_o behind_o or_o on_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o camp_n it_o add_v infinite_o to_o the_o strength_n and_o convenience_n of_o it_o provide_v there_o be_v no_o contagion_n or_o infectious_a disease_n within_o thaâ—_n town_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o which_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o a_o leaguer_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o open_a field_n where_o no_o town_n or_o village_n be_v and_o then_o let_v we_o see_v how_o a_o army_n can_v be_v convenient_o quarter_v in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v so_o capacious_a as_o to_o contain_v all_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v within_o it_o and_o next_o that_o there_o be_v no_o part_n or_o place_n of_o it_o redundant_fw-la or_o useless_a in_o regard_n it_o must_v be_v fortify_v and_o the_o small_a circumference_n a_o fortification_n be_v of_o the_o more_o tenible_a and_o defensible_a it_o be_v and_o the_o few_o man_n will_v maintain_v it_o but_o before_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n form_v his_o camp_n he_o shall_v be_v observant_a of_o such_o consideration_n as_o these_o which_o follow_v first_o if_o he_o can_v choose_v camp_n some_o consideration_n necessary_a before_o entrench_v a_o camp_n he_o shall_v not_o encamp_v in_o low_a ground_n for_o these_o be_v unwholesome_a of_o themselves_o and_o will_v quick_o be_v make_v worse_a next_o if_o he_o encamp_v on_o a_o hill_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v a_o river_n or_o water_n run_v by_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o and_o such_o a_o water_n who_o stream_n can_v be_v divert_v by_o the_o enemy_n for_o a_o river_n or_o deep_a run_a water_n do_v not_o only_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o camp_n but_o defend_v some_o side_n or_o part_n of_o it_o three_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a that_o his_o enemy_n have_v not_o fortify_v place_n or_o garrison_n on_o the_o side_n or_o flank_v of_o his_o camp_n much_o less_o behind_o it_o which_o may_v cut_v off_o the_o pass_v and_o avenue_n whereby_o his_o provision_n shall_v come_v four_o he_o shall_v encamp_v in_o such_o a_o place_n where_o his_o horse_n may_v not_o want_v fodder_n and_o where_o abundance_n of_o hay_n straw_n or_o grow_a corn_n may_v be_v have_v both_o to_o feed_v the_o beast_n and_o for_o the_o soldier_n to_o cover_v their_o hut_n with_o and_o to_o lie_v upon_o five_o if_o wood_n be_v not_o near_o he_o he_o shall_v lay_v down_o a_o way_n how_o wood_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o he_o abundant_o for_o fire_n to_o the_o guard_n for_o dress_v meat_n for_o bake_v and_o wash_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artillery_n for_o palisadoe_n battery_n platform_n and_o bridge_n but_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o great_a and_o thick_a wood_n be_v contiguous_a as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o lie_v within_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n of_o the_o camp_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o and_o two_o or_o three_o sconce_n or_o redoubt_n build_v where_o the_o tree_n stand_v for_o prevent_v ambush_n or_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o after_o the_o camp_n be_v plant_v and_o entrench_v the_o commander_n in_o chief_n will_v order_v provision_n magazine_n for_o provision_n strong_a convoy_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o bring_v all_o manner_n of_o victual_n provision_n and_o munition_n to_o his_o camp_n from_o these_o place_n where_o he_o have_v appoint_v magazine_n to_o be_v keep_v as_o also_o he_o shall_v appoint_v guard_n to_o convoy_n the_o empty_a cart_n wagon_n and_o horse_n back_o again_o and_o cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o use_v the_o country_n people_n kind_o and_o well_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v outrage_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v encourage_v to_o return_v the_o often_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o camp_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v its_o fortification_n camp_n defence_n of_o a_o camp_n the_o draught_n whereof_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o engineer_n by_o enclose_v it_o within_o and_o without_o the_o ditch_n with_o bulwark_n curtain_n redoubt_n sconce_n half_a moon_n and_o tenailles_fw-fr all_o which_o go_v under_o the_o general_n name_n of_o trench_n which_o word_n be_v only_o proper_a for_o the_o fortification_n of_o a_o leaguer_n and_o but_o borrow_v for_o the_o approach_n to_o besiege_a place_n the_o second_o defence_n of_o the_o leaguer_n consist_v in_o its_o guard_n and_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n the_o subject_n of_o this_o be_v the_o orderly_a dispose_n and_o give_v a_o due_a proportion_n of_o ground_n to_o every_o regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n whereon_o to_o pitch_v their_o tent_n or_o be_v what_o castrametation_n be_v build_v their_o hut_n to_o the_o general_n tent_n to_o all_o the_o general_a officer_n to_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n for_o the_o proviant-master_n and_o proviant_a to_o the_o waggonmaster_n and_o wagon_n and_o final_o to_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o army_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a and_o this_o be_v call_v castrametation_n a_o latin_a word_n which_o signify_v the_o measure_v the_o camp_n for_o the_o ground_n must_v be_v proportionable_o give_v out_o by_o a_o equal_a measure_n and_o the_o do_v it_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n this_o officer_n know_v the_o general_n pleasure_n be_v to_o give_v the_o several_a regiment_n general_n a_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o brigade_n their_o town_n village_n and_o hamlet_n for_o their_o quarter_n nor_o must_v any_o of_o they_o offer_v to_o take_v any_o other_o than_o those_o that_o be_v assign_v to_o they_o by_o he_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v though_o but_o for_o one_o night_n the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v bind_v to_o wait_v upon_o he_o and_o receive_v his_o direction_n and_o if_o they_o be_v to_o encamp_v in_o such_o a_o leaguer_n as_o that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v he_o who_o measure_v out_o to_o every_o regiment_n its_o proportion_n of_o ground_n as_o shall_v be_v present_o declare_v it_o be_v he_o likewise_o who_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o the_o old_a fortification_n and_o the_o direct_v new_a one_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o engineer_n be_v proper_o under_o he_o but_o he_o be_v to_o see_v the_o work_n and_o finish_v of_o these_o fortification_n he_o have_v frequent_o a_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n under_o duty_n his_o office_n and_o duty_n he_o his_o office_n be_v very_o honourable_a for_o by_o it_o he_o sit_v in_o all_o court_n and_o council_n of_o war._n he_o shall_v be_v a_o understand_a person_n and_o a_o good_a mathematician_n the_o old_a colonel_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n use_v to_o be_v general_a quartermaster_n but_o that_o custom_n be_v wear_v out_o
command_v in_o chief_a may_v order_v if_o his_o affair_n hut_n two_o soldier_n may_v quaâ—_n in_o one_o hut_n require_v it_o that_o in_o one_o row_n of_o fity_n hut_n a_o hundred_o soldier_n shall_v quarter_v it_o will_v be_v no_o prejudice_n to_o they_o but_o rather_o helpful_a provide_v they_o have_v no_o wife_n between_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n there_o be_v a_o void_a place_n of_o 200_o foot_n broad_a this_o the_o ancient_n call_v pomerium_fw-la we_o name_v it_o the_o alarm_n and_o parade_a place_n or_o place_n of_o arm_n and_o though_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o many_o will_v have_v the_o colour_n and_o arm_n to_o stand_v in_o that_o sâ—reet_n which_o traverse_v the_o quarter_n behind_o the_o colonel_n tent_n yet_o assure_o in_o time_n of_o alarm_n the_o soldier_n run_v to_o their_o arm_n and_o the_o ensign_n to_o their_o colour_n arms._n place_v of_o arms._n can_v in_o so_o narrow_a a_o place_n but_o be_v much_o embarased_a beside_o they_o have_v not_o room_n to_o draw_v up_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o fit_a to_o have_v the_o colour_n fix_v before_o the_o head_n of_o the_o quarter_n in_o this_o place_n of_o arm_n and_o to_o have_v the_o pâ—kes_v of_o every_o company_n lean_v on_o a_o tree_n lay_v across_o other_o two_o tree_n fix_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o in_o fair_a weather_n the_o musket_n also_o but_o in_o time_n of_o rain_n the_o soldier_n shall_v carry_v they_o into_o their_o hut_v and_o in_o that_o case_n i_o shall_v advise_v officer_n to_o cause_v the_o musqueteer_n to_o draw_v their_o ball_n because_o when_o a_o accidental_a fire_n come_v careless_a soldier_n and_o how_o many_o be_v there_o of_o these_o will_v be_v more_o ready_a to_o run_v out_o of_o their_o hut_v hut_v musket_n chaâ—ged_v with_o ball_n dangerous_a in_o hut_v and_o carry_v their_o knapsack_n and_o cloak_n with_o they_o than_o their_o musket_n and_o these_o be_v charge_v with_o ball_n render_v all_o endeavour_n to_o quench_v the_o fire_n exceed_o dangerous_a if_o not_o altogether_o impossible_a because_o the_o powder_n wherewith_o these_o musket_n be_v charge_v be_v fire_v send_v their_o bullet_n so_o extravagant_o at_o random_n on_o all_o quarter_n that_o man_n know_v not_o how_o to_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o they_o a_o experience_n whereof_o i_o once_o see_v in_o a_o transient_a leaguer_n which_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v well_o near_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o yet_o next_o day_n i_o hear_v of_o no_o order_n give_v to_o prevent_v the_o like_a mischief_n for_o the_o future_a which_o shall_v have_v be_v do_v after_o the_o regiment_n quartermaster_n have_v give_v the_o quartermaster_n and_o fouriers_n hut_v fourier_n aâ—â—_n to_o mark_v all_o the_o several_a hut_v their_o proportion_n of_o ground_n and_o that_o the_o four_o corner_n of_o each_o hut_n be_v mark_v with_o four_o twig_n or_o stick_n the_o soldier_n that_o be_v not_o work_v at_o the_o fortificaon_n fall_v to_o and_o make_v their_o hut_v but_o the_o officer_n must_v see_v it_o be_v do_v regular_o that_o none_o take_v more_o or_o less_o ground_n than_o what_o be_v allow_v they_o lest_o thereby_o they_o spoil_v the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o quarter_n if_o the_o general_n can_v spare_v none_o of_o that_o spacious_a ground_n allow_v for_o his_o lodging_n for_o a_o marketplace_n and_o a_o quarter_n for_o volunteer_n and_o stranger_n than_o the_o castrametator_fw-la must_v measure_v out_o ground_n for_o both_o not_o far_o from_o the_o proviant_a office_n for_o none_o of_o they_o must_v be_v neglect_v when_o all_o be_v do_v the_o quartermaster_n general_n or_o one_o of_o his_o engineer_n be_v to_o draw_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n all_o the_o line_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o make_v a_o furrow_n in_o the_o earth_n half_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o half_a a_o foot_n broad_a the_o whole_a trench_n be_v to_o camp_n soldier_n be_v to_o work_v at_o the_o fortificâ—on_n oâ—_n thâ—_n camp_n be_v wrought_v by_o the_o several_a regiment_n of_o foot_n according_a to_o their_o number_n of_o man_n because_o the_o retrenchment_n be_v for_o their_o own_o safety_n unless_o the_o prince_n general_n get_v they_o to_o be_v help_v by_o country_n people_n or_o pioner_n by_o what_o be_v say_v you_o see_v our_o quartermaster_n general_n shall_v be_v a_o person_n of_o strong_a intellectual_n and_o well_o see_v in_o the_o mathematics_n especial_o geometry_n which_o both_o fortification_n and_o castrametation_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v their_o mother_n for_o avoid_v infection_n noisome_a and_o contagious_a disease_n procure_v by_o the_o daily_a kill_n and_o slaughter_v beast_n in_o a_o plentiful_a and_o numerous_a leaguer_n it_o be_v convenient_a that_o deep_a pit_n be_v dig_v and_o that_o all_o that_o be_v not_o useful_a be_v cast_v into_o they_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pit_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o thick_a board_n lay_v fast_o through_o which_o a_o whole_a shall_v be_v cut_v and_o what_o be_v cast_v in_o the_o pit_n shall_v be_v let_v down_o through_o that_o hole_n and_o therefore_o a_o board_n shall_v be_v lay_v over_o that_o hole_n and_o then_o so_o much_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o pit_n shall_v be_v cast_v in_o till_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o be_v make_v equal_a with_o the_o superfice_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o earth_n may_v be_v take_v out_o as_o oft_o as_o you_o will_v till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a of_o these_o noisome_a thing_n up_o to_o the_o board_n and_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v close_v up_o and_o if_o pit_n be_v use_v in_o this_o fashion_n it_o matter_n not_o if_o these_o pit_n be_v dig_v among_o the_o hut_v or_o in_o the_o street_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o carry_v these_o thing_n three_o or_o four_o hundred_o foot_n without_o the_o camp_n be_v exceed_o troublesome_a and_o the_o kill_v the_o beast_n so_o far_o without_o exceed_o inconvenient_a and_o of_o no_o consequence_n since_o thereby_o the_o air_n may_v be_v infect_v as_o well_o without_o as_o within_o the_o camp_n and_o that_o be_v all_o one_o matter_n whether_o pit_n may_v not_o be_v dig_v for_o soldier_n to_o do_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n in_o and_o some_o cloth_n canvas_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n put_v about_o it_o as_o the_o turk_n do_v or_o if_o it_o be_v best_a to_o continue_v the_o custom_n of_o go_v without_o the_o leaguer_n one_o hundred_o pace_n which_o shall_v be_v mark_v by_o a_o long_a pole_n and_o a_o wisp_n of_o straw_n at_o the_o top_n of_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o discourse_n for_o assure_o the_o debate_n of_o it_o can_v be_v very_o savoury_a where_o there_o be_v no_o great_a danger_n of_o a_o visible_a enemy_n a_o general_n may_v quarter_v his_o army_n in_o two_o distinct_a body_n battle_n and_o reserve_n the_o distance_n between_o they_o be_v 4_o or_o 500_o ordinary_a pace_n the_o foot_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o horse_n on_o both_o wing_n as_o the_o general_n think_v most_o expedient_a as_o to_o these_o oblong_n quadrangle_v wherein_o be_v encamp_v several_a body_n whereof_o i_o have_v so_o oft_o speak_v you_o may_v if_o you_o please_v call_v they_o as_o the_o french_a do_v park_n and_o that_o proper_o enough_o know_v likewise_o that_o custom_n have_v obtain_v that_o the_o outward_a line_n of_o fortification_n of_o camp_n that_o regard_v the_o enemy_n without_o be_v call_v circumvallation_n and_o the_o inward_a one_o towards_o the_o besiege_a place_n have_v the_o name_n of_o contravallation_n whereas_o in_o very_a deed_n and_o in_o common_a speech_n both_o of_o they_o be_v circumvallation_n nor_o be_v they_o so_o to_o be_v term_v in_o strict_a sense_n and_o proper_a language_n unless_o use_v be_v make_v of_o stake_n or_o pallisades_n which_o the_o old_a roman_n constant_o practise_v and_o be_v call_v in_o latin_a valli_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v large_o in_o another_o place_n chap._n xxi_o of_o guard_n watch_n parad_n sentinel_n round_n and_o patrovilles_n it_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n to_o fortify_v either_o a_o camp_n or_o a_o castle_n unless_o man_n be_v appoint_v to_o maintain_v the_o fortification_n and_o because_o man_n can_v watch_v constant_o therefore_o they_o must_v watch_v by_o turn_n either_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o man_n that_o be_v quarter_v within_o the_o fortify_v place_n or_o the_o danger_n the_o place_n may_v be_v in_o of_o a_o near_a and_o powerful_a enemy_n for_o though_o guard_n shall_v be_v keep_v and_o strict_o keep_v even_o when_o no_o danger_n seem_v to_o threaten_v yet_o it_o be_v madness_n to_o weary_a soldier_n as_o much_o by_o watch_v when_o no_o enemy_n be_v expect_v as_o when_o one_o be_v assure_o look_v for_o if_o the_o company_n of_o horse_n and_o enemy_n guards_z to_o be_v strong_a or_o
where_o ordinary_o clock_n do_v not_o strike_v nor_o bell_n ring_n than_o the_o caporal_n be_v to_o have_v allowance_n of_o match_n which_o they_o call_v passelunt_a whereby_o they_o regulate_v passelunt_n passelunt_n themselves_o to_o relieve_v their_o sentinel_n when_o six_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n of_o it_o be_v burn_v in_o camp_n and_o garrison_n drummer_n be_v to_o beat_v taptoo_o at_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n revallie_o this_o word_n zapzu_n or_o taptoo_n be_v high_a and_o and_o low_a dutch_a and_o taptoo_n taptoo_n signify_v no_o more_o drink_n to_o be_v tap_v or_o sell_v and_o be_v not_o as_o some_o fancy_n to_o advertise_v the_o guard_n to_o place_v their_o night_n sentinel_n but_o to_o acquaint_v sutler_n to_z sell_v no_o more_o drink_n and_o soldier_n to_o go_v home_o to_o their_o lodging_n and_o who_o be_v find_v out_o of_o their_o quarter_n after_o it_o aught_o to_o be_v punish_v it_o shall_v be_v â—eat_n constant_o at_o one_o hour_n summer_n and_o winter_n and_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n be_v a_o proper_a time_n for_o it_o but_o by-guard_n as_o they_o be_v call_v and_o night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o their_o by-guard_n night_n sentinel_n and_o by-guard_n post_n when_o daylight_n be_v well_o near_o spend_v and_o this_o in_o winter_n will_v be_v about_o four_o and_o in_o summer_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n neither_o ought_v the_o last_o night_n sentinel_n to_o leave_v their_o post_n till_o the_o diana_n or_o revallie_o beat_v which_o can_v be_v do_v at_o one_o constant_a hour_n as_o the_o taptoo_n for_o in_o winter_n it_o may_v be_v eight_o and_o in_o summer_n three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o beat_v it_o shall_v not_o till_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n give_v order_n for_o it_o and_o he_o be_v not_o to_o take_v up_o his_o measure_n by_o daylight_n revallie_o diana_n travaille_n or_o revallie_o but_o by_o the_o clearness_n darkness_n or_o mistiness_n of_o the_o morning_n the_o night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o continue_v on_o their_o duty_n till_o they_o can_v discover_v all_o the_o field_n about_o they_o when_o by_o order_n of_o the_o colonel_n or_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n the_o diana_n be_v beat_v at_o the_o head_n watch_n all_o the_o drummer_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o guard_n ought_v immediate_o to_o beat_v and_o then_o the_o night_n watch_v and_o sentinel_n come_v to_o their_o several_a guard_n it_o be_v then_o also_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v be_v in_o their_o quarter_n or_o hut_v all_o night_n and_o either_o townsman_n or_o country_n people_n who_o be_v order_v to_o work_v at_o the_o fortification_n either_o of_o town_n or_o camp_n be_v to_o go_v to_o their_o work_n and_o therefore_o this_o beat_n of_o the_o drum_n in_o the_o morning_n i_o think_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v travaille_n than_o revallie_o chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n previous_a to_o a_o battle_n of_o a_o battle_n itself_o and_o of_o thing_n after_o a_o battle_n of_o all_o martial_a act_n to_o fight_v a_o battle_n well_o and_o gain_v the_o victory_n be_v of_o the_o high_a importance_n and_o make_v the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n most_o renown_v it_o be_v this_o and_o neither_o retreat_n nor_o take_v town_n though_o both_o these_o show_v the_o qualification_n of_o a_o excellent_a captain_n that_o crown_v they_o with_o laurel_n by_o the_o win_n of_o battle_n sometime_o one_o sometime_o more_o kingdom_n be_v gain_v by_o one_o party_n and_o lose_v by_o another_o let_v we_o then_o take_v a_o view_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v advert_v to_o before_o so_o great_a a_o hazard_n be_v make_v most_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o choose_v general_n shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v if_o they_o can_v choose_v suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v i_o say_v so_o too_o if_o he_o can_v help_v it_o and_o what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o but_o that_o his_o intelligence_n shall_v be_v so_o good_a that_o if_o he_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v he_o shall_v either_o quick_o get_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o way_n or_o strong_o entrench_v his_o army_n in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o can_v want_v provision_n but_o when_o he_o have_v do_v either_o of_o the_o two_o he_o may_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v for_o who_o can_v save_v his_o army_n without_o fight_v if_o his_o enemy_n storm_v his_o retrenchment_n or_o in_o his_o retreat_n pursue_v he_o fierce_o and_o powerful_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o fight_v well_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o battle_n succeed_v sometime_o well_o have_v a_o doubtful_a event_n for_o many_o time_n it_o succeed_v well_o as_o it_o do_v with_o alexander_n at_o arbela_n against_o darius_n with_o scipio_n against_o hannibal_n at_o zama_n with_o his_o brother_n against_o antiochus_n in_o asia_n with_o charles_n the_o five_o against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n at_o pavia_n and_o gustavus_n his_o army_n against_o wallenstein_n at_o lutsen_n yet_o peruse_v history_n you_o will_v find_v that_o many_o more_o have_v lose_v than_o ever_o gain_v by_o it_o take_v a_o few_o instance_n edward_n the_o black_a prince_n be_v force_v to_o fight_v at_o poiâ—tiers_n so_o be_v henry_n the_o five_o of_o england_n at_o agincourt_n yet_o both_o gain_v glorious_a victory_n harold_n when_o he_o may_v have_v protract_v the_o war_n be_v master_n of_o all_o england_n force_v william_n of_o normandy_n to_o fight_v and_o thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o crown_n and_o his_o life_n edward_n the_o second_o of_o england_n force_v robert_n bruce_n ill_o sometime_o very_o ill_o king_n of_o scotland_n to_o fight_v at_o bannockburne_n but_o lose_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o most_o of_o his_o numerous_a army_n julius_n caesar_n make_v himself_o constant_o master_n of_o his_o own_o diet_n either_o by_o entrench_v or_o retire_v so_o that_o he_o be_v never_o force_v to_o fight_v but_o when_o he_o please_v but_o when_o he_o force_v 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retire_v in_o the_o night_n time_n to_o the_o mountain_n and_o thereafter_o present_v they_o battle_n let_v we_o brief_o sum_n up_o some_o of_o hannibal_n retreat_n from_o the_o roman_n and_o they_o from_o he_o for_o they_o will_v very_o apt_o show_v the_o benefit_n and_o safety_n of_o night-retreat_n after_o this_o great_a carthaginian_a have_v fight_v marcellus_n at_o numistrâ—_n with_o equal_a he_o hannibal_n retreat_n from_o the_o roman_n and_o they_o from_o he_o fortune_n know_v his_o own_o want_n he_o dislodge_v in_o the_o night_n and_o retire_v marcellus_n know_v it_o but_o dare_v not_o follow_v he_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o ambush_n next_o year_n marcellus_n seek_v out_o his_o redoubt_a enemy_n find_v he_o at_o canusium_n fight_v with_o he_o and_o be_v beat_v but_o fight_v the_o next_o day_n and_o do_v beat_v hannibal_n into_o his_o camp_n out_o of_o which_o he_o retire_v that_o same_o night_n marcellus_n not_o dare_v to_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o bruâ—ian_a country_n the_o 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and_o get_v he_o away_o with_o all_o possible_a speed_n and_o make_v his_o retreat_n good_a notwithstanding_o pompey_n pursuit_n at_o the_o river_n genuso_n with_o his_o horse_n mix_v with_o foot_n but_o i_o find_v that_o for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o day_n he_o retire_v still_o send_v his_o baggage_n constant_o before_o and_o follow_v with_o his_o army_n in_o the_o night_n and_o what_o stand_v he_o make_v to_o face_n the_o enemy_n behind_o he_o be_v all_o in_o the_o day_n time_n nor_o have_v prince_n and_o great_a captain_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n think_v it_o dishonourable_a to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o that_o famous_a carthaginian_a and_o those_o illustrious_a saxe_n charles_n the_o five_o from_o the_o duke_n of_o saxe_n roman_n in_o make_v their_o retreat_n in_o the_o nighttime_n whereof_o i_o shall_v not_o weary_v you_o with_o more_o instance_n than_o three_o the_o victorious_a emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o find_v himself_o not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o fight_v 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prince_n of_o orange_n and_o davalo_n marquis_n of_o guast_o they_o divide_v their_o infirm_a and_o sickly_a army_n equal_o into_o three_o part_n foot_n and_o horse_n mix_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o with_o every_o batallion_n appoint_v three_o falconet_n leave_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o artillery_n and_o baggage_n in_o their_o leaguer_n as_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n at_o break_v of_o day_n they_o march_v without_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n and_o a_o tempestuous_a rain_n fall_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n hinder_v the_o imperial_a sentinel_n and_o guard_n for_o a_o great_a while_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o french_a retreat_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o be_v overtake_v by_o 500_o horse_n and_o some_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n and_o though_o the_o last_o batallion_n of_o the_o french_a fire_v and_o fight_v right_o well_o yet_o do_v the_o imperial_a horse_n increase_v in_o number_n fierce_o charge_v they_o and_o rout_n they_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o second_o batallion_n likewise_o kill_v and_o take_v all_o those_o naples_n error_n in_o the_o fâ—ench_a retreat_n from_o naples_n of_o the_o first_o batallion_n by_o a_o speedy_a march_n get_v to_o anversa_n and_o save_v themselves_o till_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v and_o make_v they_o render_v on_o discretion_n now_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o if_o the_o marquis_n have_v begin_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n or_o at_o midnight_n for_o it_o be_v in_o autumn_n he_o have_v undoubted_o bring_v his_o army_n safe_a to_o anversa_n for_o his_o rear_n will_v have_v be_v soon_o by_o that_o account_n at_o that_o place_n than_o his_o van_n be_v which_o come_v safe_o though_o it_o begin_v not_o to_o march_v till_o break_v of_o day_n and_o by_o the_o bargain_n he_o have_v save_v his_o own_o life_n for_o there_o he_o get_v his_o mortal_a wound_n whereof_o he_o die_v the_o second_o instance_n be_v of_o piter_n strozzi_n a_o florentine_a who_o command_v in_o chief_a over_o a_o army_n of_o french_a under_o henry_n the_o second_o near_o to_o sienna_n within_o which_o marshal_n monluc_n be_v governor_n a_o army_n of_o spaniard_n under_o the_o command_n of_o james_n of_o medici_n strong_a by_o far_a than_o strozzi_n lay_v close_o by_o he_o strozzi_n resolve_v to_o retire_v to_o lusignan_n but_o will_v needs_o do_v it_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o consult_v the_o matter_n by_o letter_n with_o monluc_n who_o dissuade_v he_o from_o it_o with_o many_o reason_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o fresh_a example_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o france_n his_o retreat_n in_o the_o nighttime_n from_o guise_n and_o so_o prevail_v with_o he_o to_o retire_v in_o the_o nighttime_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o day_n be_v spend_v he_o send_v away_o two_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n to_o lusignan_n intend_v to_o follow_v with_o the_o army_n but_o the_o haughty_a florentine_a look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o dishonourable_a thing_n for_o he_o to_o show_v his_o sienna_n error_n in_o strozzi_n his_o retreat_n from_o sienna_n back_n in_o the_o nighttime_n to_o medici_n to_o who_o family_n he_o carry_v a_o inveterate_a hatred_n will_v needs_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o spite_n of_o he_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o the_o issue_n be_v his_o army_n be_v rout_v and_o himself_o hardly_o escape_v but_o that_o which_o monluc_n write_v of_o this_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o he_o no_o soon_o understand_v that_o strozzi_n have_v resolve_v to_o retire_v in_o the_o daytime_n but_o foresee_v the_o event_n of_o so_o frantic_a a_o resolution_n he_o instant_o conveen_v the_o podesta_n the_o magistrate_n and_o principal_a citizen_n of_o sienna_n and_o assure_v they_o the_o army_n in_o which_o they_o trust_v at_o that_o very_a time_n and_o hour_n in_o which_o he_o be_v speak_v to_o they_o be_v defeat_v and_o therefore_o advise_v they_o without_o delay_n to_o prepare_v for_o a_o siege_n and_o the_o event_n show_v he_o speak_v true_o if_o not_o prophetical_o for_o that_o day_n be_v the_o french_a army_n beat_v and_o next_o day_n the_o city_n be_v invest_v by_o the_o victorious_a army_n it_o be_v true_a two_o of_o king_n ferdinand_n general_n cazzianer_n and_o rocandolf_n time_n retreat_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o time_n each_z whereof_z lose_v a_o army_n to_o their_o master_n of_o 24000_o or_o 30000._o brave_a german_n retire_v the_o first_o from_o esecchio_n the_o last_o from_o buda_n both_o in_o the_o nighttime_n but_o they_o do_v it_o not_o soon_o enough_o and_o lose_v their_o army_n deserve_o because_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v at_o these_o place_n against_o all_o reason_n and_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o principal_a officer_n when_o they_o have_v certain_a intelligence_n of_o the_o daily_a march_n and_o approach_v of_o the_o turk_n i_o never_o say_v nor_o think_v that_o a_o retreat_n in_o the_o night_n will_v infallible_o save_v a_o army_n i_o
have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o the_o contrary_a but_o i_o ever_o say_v and_o still_o think_v that_o when_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o a_o retreat_z be_v much_o more_o proper_a to_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n the_o timely_a and_o orderly_o break_v up_o and_o retire_v of_o army_n from_o the_o sieges_n of_o town_n have_v save_v many_o of_o they_o whereof_o it_o will_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o discourse_n of_o the_o sieges_n of_o town_n and_o fortify_v place_n the_o manner_n of_o retreat_n whether_o they_o be_v make_v by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n use_v retreat_n the_o manner_n of_o a_o retreat_n to_o be_v this_o 1._o the_o whole_a train_n of_o artillery_n except_o some_o field-piece_n which_o shall_v stay_v in_o the_o rear_n with_o the_o general_n coach_n chancery_n and_o principal_a secretary_n be_v send_v away_o with_o a_o strong_a convoy_n of_o foot_n and_o some_o horse_n than_o all_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_a man_n next_o to_o they_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n next_o to_o it_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n behind_o who_o come_v the_o whole_a brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o after_o they_o the_o cavalry_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o it_o all_o the_o dragoon_n with_o as_o many_o command_v musketeer_n out_o of_o the_o several_a foot-regiment_n as_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a think_v fit_v and_o as_o many_o of_o they_o mount_v on_o horse_n as_o can_v be_v and_o behind_o they_o a_o select_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o present_a service_n which_o be_v to_o be_v relieve_v by_o turn_n by_o those_o who_o be_v before_o they_o one_o party_n still_o face_v the_o enemy_n till_o the_o party_n that_o be_v behind_o they_o be_v past_a this_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v if_o the_o whole_a army_n march_v one_o way_n but_o if_o it_o can_v divide_v and_o go_v several_a way_n the_o expedition_n will_v be_v the_o great_a the_o time_n and_o place_n be_v name_v the_o last_o whereof_o shall_v be_v a_o pass_n or_o fortify_v place_n by_o the_o general_n where_o all_o shall_v meet_v so_o that_o he_o who_o be_v first_o shall_v stay_v for_o the_o rest_n unless_o some_o command_n be_v give_v afterward_o to_o the_o contrary_n the_o same_o order_n in_o retire_v be_v to_o be_v keep_v by_o several_a grand_a division_n or_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n as_o if_o it_o march_v in_o one_o body_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n make_v so_o long_a a_o train_n that_o it_o retard_v country_n wagon_n and_o cart_n rather_o to_o be_v leave_v behind_o in_o the_o highway_n than_o to_o be_v burn_v in_o a_o close_a country_n the_o retreat_n exceed_o especial_o where_o there_o be_v enclosure_n and_o hedge_n and_o therefore_o i_o wonder_v that_o in_o all_o retreat_n order_n be_v not_o give_v to_o leave_v all_o wagon_n and_o cart_n behind_o for_o in_o a_o close_a country_n that_o will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o advantageous_a than_o to_o burn_v they_o and_o every_o man_n shall_v take_v his_o best_a and_o most_o precious_a thing_n out_o of_o they_o leave_v all_o trash_n and_o luggage_n of_o small_a value_n in_o they_o which_o will_v likewise_o retard_v the_o pursue_a enemy_n and_o these_o good_n the_o officer_n shall_v cast_v upon_o one_o horse_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baggage-horse_n either_o sick_a man_n shall_v be_v mount_v or_o musketeer_n for_o service_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v see_v do_v by_o the_o colonel_n themselves_o under_o pain_n of_o infamy_n and_o no_o less_o do_v they_o deserve_v who_o will_v prefer_v a_o little_a paltry_a stuff_n to_o either_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n or_o the_o safety_n and_o preservation_n of_o any_o one_o sick_a or_o wound_a member_n of_o it_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o do_v so_o oft_o as_o occasion_n require_v it_o shall_v be_v which_o gross_a oversight_n can_v be_v impute_v to_o none_o so_o much_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v to_o none_o else_o but_o to_o the_o general_n in_o all_o retreat_n great_a care_n shall_v be_v take_v that_o none_o get_v leave_v to_o fall_v behind_o to_o prevent_v which_o not_o only_o all_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a officer_n of_o regiment_n shall_v do_v their_o duty_n but_o the_o general_a marshal_n shall_v severe_o execute_v their_o power_n against_o delinquent_n and_o here_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o shoot_v those_o who_o will_v not_o keep_v rank_a and_o file_n i_o tell_v you_o that_o some_o light_a field-piece_n shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o rear_n for_o there_o they_o may_v be_v serviceable_a and_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o great_a if_o they_o be_v take_v for_o if_o he_o who_o command_v the_o army_n see_v he_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n â—ace_n about_o and_o fight_v nor_o can_v retire_v in_o that_o order_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v hardly_o pursue_v by_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevalent_a enemy_n he_o shall_v rather_o bury_v or_o if_o he_o can_v do_v that_o break_v and_o spring_v his_o great_a ordnance_n retreat_n ordnance_z to_o be_v break_v or_o spring_v in_o sudden_a retreat_n than_o lose_v his_o army_n by_o a_o hopeless_a hazard_n it_o to_o preserve_v his_o artillery_n and_o rather_o leave_v his_o foot_n to_o fight_v for_o good_a quarter_n than_o lose_v both_o it_o and_o his_o cavalry_n for_o the_o rule_n never_o fail_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o save_v some_o than_o lose_v all_o yet_o all_o mean_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o either_o infantry_n or_o artillery_n be_v desert_v i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o stay_v two_o or_o three_o hour_n for_o a_o mortar_n which_o be_v a_o great_a one_o and_o bemire_v in_o deep_a and_o dirty_a way_n occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o prince_n palatine_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n king_n be_v little_a army_n in_o their_o retreat_n from_o lemgaw_n to_o vlotho_n when_o a_o party_n of_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n or_o of_o both_o perceive_v they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o fight_v nor_o retire_v in_o a_o body_n it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v practise_v to_o disband_v the_o party_n he_o who_o lead_v it_o bid_v every_o man_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o to_o go_v what_o way_n he_o please_v or_o shall_v find_v most_o safe_a or_o convenient_a for_o he_o and_o to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o place_n as_o he_o then_o name_n so_o soon_o as_o possible_o they_o can_v that_o famous_a retreat_n which_o the_o two_o feltmarshal_n banier_n and_o leslie_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1637._o from_o turgaw_n in_o saxony_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v indeed_o a_o noble_a action_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v short_o this_o banier_n have_v besiege_v tâ—rgaw_n banier_n and_o leslie_n s_o retreat_n from_o tâ—rgaw_n leipsick_a which_o keep_v out_o gallant_o against_o he_o he_o make_v some_o breach_n and_o prepare_v to_o storm_v it_o in_o that_o very_a time_n come_v letter_n from_o leslie_n show_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o the_o river_n saal_n and_o march_v towards_o he_o count_n get_v with_o a_o imperial_a army_n be_v much_o too_o strong_a for_o he_o banier_n immediate_o give_v over_o the_o storm_n and_o the_o siege_n too_o send_v away_o his_o artillery_n baggage_n and_o foot_n and_o follow_v with_o his_o cavalry_n and_o join_v leslie_n at_o turgaw_n this_o town_n they_o fortify_v and_o bring_v in_o a_o world_n of_o provision_n both_o for_o man_n and_o horse_n and_o resolve_v to_o make_v it_o the_o seat_n of_o war_n against_o all_o the_o imperial_a and_o saxish_a army_n join_v together_o at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o number_n of_o fourscore_o thousand_o fight_a man_n under_o the_o command_n of_o count_n gallas_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o swede_n whereof_o the_o two_o swedish_n feltmarshal_n have_v good_a enough_o intelligence_n yet_o persist_v in_o their_o resolution_n till_o the_o imperialist_n be_v come_v very_o near_o they_o and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o cast_v up_o another_o account_n and_o find_v they_o have_v lose_v by_o their_o stay_n there_o a_o three_o of_o their_o force_n and_o therefore_o though_o a_o little_a too_o late_o they_o resolve_v to_o march_v to_o pomerania_n and_o so_o break_v up_o and_o get_v over_o the_o river_n of_o other_o at_o landsberg_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o opposition_n and_o maugre_o all_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v about_o they_o join_v with_o felt-marshal_n wrangle_n without_o loss_n of_o either_o infantry_n or_o cavalry_n a_o very_a gallant_a and_o memorable_a action_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o they_o shall_v have_v begin_v their_o retreat_n soon_o and_o so_o have_v save_v that_o three_o part_n of_o their_o army_n which_o they_o lose_v next_o year_n banier_n make_v gallas_n retire_v with_o a_o quick_a pace_n than_o he_o have_v make_v when_o gallas_n
of_o the_o governor_n he_o shall_v have_v good_a intelligence_n he_o shall_v also_o have_v a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o his_o own_o provision_n form_v consideration_n before_o a_o siege_n be_v form_v money_n meat_n and_o munition_n and_o many_o more_o particular_n of_o which_o and_o concern_v which_o no_o definite_a or_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v and_o before_o he_o form_n or_o lay_v down_o his_o siege_n he_o ought_v to_o weigh_v and_o consider_v well_o all_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n that_o may_v accrue_v to_o he_o as_o whether_o the_o gain_v the_o town_n or_o castle_n he_o besiege_v will_v counterpoise_v the_o loss_n of_o man_n and_o that_o vast_a expense_n of_o money_n meat_n and_o munition_n that_o must_v be_v hazard_v and_o bestow_v in_o reduce_v it_o how_o long_a time_n his_o own_o provision_n will_v be_v able_a to_o hold_v out_o whether_o he_o be_v able_a with_o probability_n of_o success_n to_o withstand_v or_o fight_v any_o enemy_n that_o dare_v adventure_v the_o relief_n of_o the_o besiege_a place_n and_o that_o which_o concern_v most_o both_o his_o master_n service_n and_o his_o own_o honour_n be_v to_o cast_v up_o his_o account_n so_o well_o that_o if_o any_o unexpected_a accident_n or_o adventure_n fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v the_o change_n of_o wether_n inundation_n of_o water_n a_o mighty_a and_o unlooked_a for_o succourse_v a_o pestilence_n or_o other_o heavy_a disease_n in_o his_o army_n he_o may_v notwithstanding_o these_o and_o in_o spite_n of_o a_o enemy_n raise_v his_o siege_n and_o march_v away_o to_o place_n of_o safety_n and_o consequent_o make_v a_o honourable_a retreat_n with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n of_o man_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o a_o army_n march_v away_o from_o a_o besiege_a place_n with_o dishonour_n because_o ratio_fw-la bâ—lli_n depend_v on_o emergency_n and_o accident_n change_v as_o oft_o as_o ratio_fw-la status_fw-la and_o as_o in_o this_o nothing_o be_v think_v dishonourable_a that_o can_v save_v the_o state_n so_o in_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v dishonourable_a that_o can_v save_v the_o army_n i_o have_v not_o the_o vanity_n to_o prescribe_v or_o give_v rule_n for_o what_o shall_v be_v do_v at_o siege_n how_o to_o begin_v the_o siege_n sieges_n but_o i_o presume_v i_o may_v be_v permit_v to_o tell_v novice_n for_o to_o they_o only_o i_o write_v what_o be_v do_v and_o ordinarl_o practise_v at_o sieges_n after_o a_o resolution_n be_v take_v to_o besiege_v a_o place_n diligence_n and_o expedition_n shall_v be_v use_v that_o all_o pass_n highway_n and_o avenue_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o cavalry_n that_o no_o entrance_n to_o the_o fort_n be_v permit_v and_o that_o all_o citizen_n or_o soldier_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v seize_v on_o and_o make_v prisoner_n that_o intelligence_n may_v be_v get_v of_o all_o affair_n within_o many_o general_n at_o sieges_n entrench_v their_o army_n and_o many_o do_v not_o those_o entrench_v at_o some_o sieges_n army_n be_v not_o entrench_v who_o do_v not_o have_v no_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o upon_o intelligence_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o one_o they_o must_v be_v ready_a to_o march_v either_o to_o meet_v and_o fight_v that_o enemy_n or_o leave_v both_o he_o and_o the_o besieged_a place_n for_o good_a and_o all_o both_o which_o i_o have_v know_v practise_v those_o who_o entrench_v their_o army_n sieges_n army_n entrench_v at_o sieges_n take_v the_o far_o sure_a way_n though_o the_o do_v it_o cost_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o time_n and_o labour_n the_o entrenchment_n must_v be_v make_v both_o against_o those_o within_o the_o town_n and_o against_o any_o without_o who_o will_v hazard_v to_o relieve_v it_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v proper_o call_v the_o trench_n though_o the_o word_n be_v frequent_o take_v for_o approach_n and_o in_o that_o word_n be_v comprehend_v the_o line_n of_o communication_n which_o line_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n field-sconce_n whole_a and_o half_a bulwark_n star-work_n and_o redout_n none_o of_o these_o shall_v have_v a_o curtain_n between_o they_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o hundred_o foot_n long_o for_o the_o distance_n of_o they_o one_o from_o another_o shall_v be_v less_o than_o a_o musket_n shoot_v they_o shall_v be_v build_v of_o black_a earth_n if_o it_o can_v be_v have_v but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v sandy_a it_o must_v be_v knit_v together_o with_o with_o 's_o fascines_n straw_n or_o grow_a corn_n and_o without_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o pallisado_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n shall_v the_o redout_n and_o battery_n in_o the_o approach_n be_v build_v the_o star-sconce_n have_v their_o side_n 40_o or_o 50_o foot_n long_o and_o their_o point_n far_o distant_a be_v ordinary_o make_v in_o haste_n when_o time_n will_v not_o permit_v better_a to_o be_v make_v if_o a_o army_n be_v numerous_a enough_o or_o that_o there_o be_v store_n of_o pioner_n with_o it_o a_o general_n may_v fortify_v his_o 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a_o little_a crooked_a and_o oblique_a for_o do_v which_o soldier_n be_v appoint_v with_o pickaxe_n spade_n and_o shovel_n one_o behind_o another_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o 4_o or_o 5._o foot_n the_o foremost_a dig_v 3_o or_o 4._o foot_n deep_a cast_v the_o earth_n up_o either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n between_o he_o and_o the_o fort_n and_o so_o by_o he_o who_o be_v first_o and_o they_o that_o come_v after_o he_o the_o run_a trench_n be_v make_v 6_o or_o 8._o foot_n deep_a and_o at_o first_o 6._o foot_n broad_a and_o thereafter_o 10_o or_o 12._o broad_a sometime_o more_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o wagon_n in_o the_o approach_n which_o fall_v out_o sometime_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o first_o line_n a_o redout_n be_v to_o be_v make_v this_o be_v a_o equilateral_a a_o redout_n
make_v useless_a by_o countermure_n and_o retrenchment_n but_o mine_n be_v more_o imperceptible_a yet_o they_o be_v dangerous_a work_n for_o they_o that_o be_v in_o they_o because_o of_o countermine_n which_o when_o the_o mine-master_n find_v he_o be_v to_o divert_v his_o course_n countermine_n countermine_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o sink_v his_o mine_n deep_o and_o if_o the_o counterminer_n be_v under_o he_o he_o have_v need_n make_v haste_n and_o take_v his_o advantage_n by_o pierce_a hole_n and_o chase_v they_o away_o with_o scald_a water_n but_o take_v a_o few_o general_a rule_n for_o mine_n the_o entrance_n shall_v be_v seven_o foot_n high_a and_o five_o foot_n broad_a say_v some_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a and_o four_o broad_a say_v other_o this_o last_o and_o indeed_o perhaps_o no_o mine_n be_v for_o a_o fat_a corpulent_a man_n the_o mine_n all_o along_o mining_n general_a rule_n for_o mining_n must_v be_v line_v on_o both_o side_n and_o cover_v 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he_o spend_v too_o much_o of_o his_o time_n provoke_v he_o to_o wrath_n and_o revenge_n to_o make_v example_n of_o they_o to_o other_o he_o shall_v order_v no_o hurt_n to_o be_v do_v to_o woman_n old_a man_n and_o child_n and_o in_o one_o word_n to_o kill_v none_o but_o those_o who_o be_v find_v in_o arm_n but_o a_o promiscuous_a put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n spare_v neither_o sex_n nor_o agâ—_n be_v too_o often_o practise_v for_o the_o pillage_n the_o ancient_n use_v after_o the_o expugnation_n of_o town_n to_o bring_v it_o all_o to_o the_o treasurer_n lodging_n who_o sell_v it_o and_o distribute_v the_o money_n as_o he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o general_n sometime_o all_o of_o it_o to_o the_o army_n sometime_o a_o part_n of_o it_o and_o sometime_o none_o of_o it_o the_o like_a have_v be_v often_o practise_v in_o the_o modern_a war_n but_o the_o custom_n be_v almost_o wear_v out_o the_o plunder_n belong_v to_o those_o who_o can_v take_v it_o which_o be_v capiat_fw-la qui_fw-la capere_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o this_o be_v true_o a_o very_a unequal_a partition_n for_o those_o who_o stay_v in_o arm_n upon_o the_o wall_n or_o perhaps_o in_o the_o marketplace_n to_o make_v they_o good_a against_o any_o opposition_n may_v arise_v from_o hide_a reserve_v of_o the_o enemy_n share_v not_o so_o well_o as_o those_o who_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o plunder_n plunder_n enter_v run_v present_o to_o the_o plunder_n some_o prince_n and_o general_n give_v the_o pillage_n of_o town_n take_v by_o storm_n to_o their_o army_n for_o so_o many_o hour_n sometime_o for_o a_o day_n for_o two_o day_n or_o three_o day_n it_o be_v common_o think_v the_o prisoner_n and_o their_o ransom_n belong_v to_o those_o who_o take_v they_o and_o so_o it_o be_v common_o practise_v unless_o they_o be_v great_a officer_n and_o those_o shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o general_n yet_o that_o general_n shall_v be_v so_o generous_a as_o to_o bestow_v some_o handsome_a present_a or_o gift_n on_o those_o who_o take_v they_o which_o some_o do_v but_o many_o do_v not_o the_o ordnance_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o it_o all_o public_a magazine_n of_o provision_n munition_n and_o arm_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o manage_v the_o war._n but_o if_o all_o assault_n be_v beat_v off_o and_o all_o the_o besieger_n have_v do_v have_v prove_v successless_a or_o that_o the_o besiege_v army_n be_v waste_v as_o no_o doubt_n it_o will_v diminish_v retire_v beason_n to_o leave_v a_o siege_n and_o retire_v every_o day_n or_o that_o a_o numerous_a and_o fresh_a succourse_n be_v expect_v or_o other_o unhappy_a accident_n fall_v out_o then_o a_o wise_a general_n will_v raise_v his_o siege_n in_o time_n and_o rather_o march_v away_o than_o be_v chase_v away_o and_o he_o shall_v go_v where_o he_o may_v refresh_v and_o recruit_v and_o be_v wise_a by_o the_o example_n of_o those_o otherwise_o renown_a prince_n and_o general_n who_o have_v obstinate_o continue_v sieges_n to_o their_o irreparable_a army_n obstinacy_n in_o continue_v they_o lose_v army_n loss_n and_o danger_n so_o do_v lautrec_n a_o great_a captain_n continue_v the_o siege_n of_o naples_n fight_v against_o a_o redoubt_a and_o courageous_a enemy_n within_o the_o city_n and_o a_o contagious_a disease_n which_o rage_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o his_o own_o army_n which_o occasion_v first_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n second_o the_o ignominious_a rout_n instance_n instance_n and_o destruction_n of_o all_o his_o force_n and_o three_o the_o utter_a undo_n of_o the_o french_a interest_n in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o this_o very_a hour_n so_o charles_n the_o five_o a_o fortunate_a and_o warlike_a emperor_n and_o his_o general_n the_o duke_n of_o alva_n a_o renown_a captain_n continue_v the_o siege_n of_o metz_n which_o be_v
gallant_o defend_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n till_o the_o imperial_a army_n mouldered_a away_o and_o be_v make_v despicable_a by_o the_o sword_n sickness_n and_o grievous_a winter_n weather_n and_o at_o length_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o pitiful_a retreat_n from_o it_o after_o which_o that_o great_a prince_n retire_v to_o a_o cloister_n and_o from_o it_o to_o another_o world_n so_o do_v that_o emperor_n great_a grandfather_n charles_n of_o burgundy_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o vanity_n but_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o loss_n continue_v his_o siege_n of_o nurse_n as_o it_o be_v in_o despite_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n till_o he_o be_v force_v to_o sneak_v away_o from_o it_o with_o damage_n and_o dishonour_n enough_o so_o do_v rocandolf_n continue_v the_o siege_n of_o buda_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o prayer_n and_o persuasion_n of_o all_o his_o great_a officer_n to_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o utter_a undo_n of_o a_o rich_a and_o a_o gallant_a army_n as_o have_v be_v tell_v you_o in_o another_o place_n but_o as_o in_o ancient_a time_n so_o in_o our_o late_a european_a war_n it_o have_v be_v a_o ordinary_a dishonour_n to_o raise_v a_o siege_n without_o take_v the_o place_n no_o dishonour_n thing_n for_o brave_a general_n to_o raise_v their_o sieges_n either_o upon_o the_o intelligence_n of_o the_o advance_v of_o a_o strong_a succourse_n or_o some_o other_o weighty_a consideration_n so_o do_v the_o great_a gustavus_n raise_v his_o siege_n from_o ingolstadt_n in_o bavaria_n the_o swedish_n felt-marshal_n banier_n from_o leipsick_a in_o saxony_n his_o successor_n torstenson_n from_o birn_fw-mi in_o silesia_n and_o wrangle_v who_o succeed_v he_o from_o eggar_n in_o bohemia_n so_o do_v instance_n instance_n wallenstein_n from_o the_o sieges_n of_o both_o magdeburg_n and_o stralsund_n so_o do_v marquis_n spinola_n raise_v his_o siege_n from_o bergen_n open_fw-mi zoom_n upon_o count_n mansfeld_n 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