of_o these_o great_a difficulty_n which_o come_v so_o sudden_o upon_o he_o caesar_n he_o know_v there_o be_v no_o help_n to_o be_v have_v but_o that_o which_o the_o virtue_n of_o his_o mind_n will_v afford_v he_o and_o therefore_o call_v a_o council_n a_o little_a before_o the_o evening_n he_o adhort_v they_o to_o excoute_n such_o thing_n as_o he_o command_v both_o with_o diligence_n and_o industry_n and_o so_o take_v the_o ship_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v from_o melodunum_n he_o divide_v they_o among_o the_o roman_a horseman_n and_o after_o the_o first_o watch_n he_o command_v they_o to_o go_v four_o mile_n down_o the_o river_n in_o silence_n and_o there_o to_o attend_v he_o he_o leave_v five_o cohort_n which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v too_o weak_a for_o any_o fight_n as_o a_o garrison_n to_o the_o camp_n and_o send_v the_o other_o five_o cohort_n of_o the_o same_o legion_n about_o midnight_n with_o all_o the_o carriage_n up_o the_o river_n command_v they_o to_o make_v a_o great_a 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the_o beat_n of_o oar_n be_v hear_v that_o way_n and_o a_o little_a below_o the_o soldier_n be_v carry_v over_o which_o be_v know_v forasmuch_o as_o they_o judge_v that_o the_o legion_n be_v carry_v over_o in_o three_o place_n and_o that_o they_o be_v so_o perplex_v at_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o hedui_n that_o they_o flee_v away_o they_o divide_v their_o force_n also_o into_o three_o part_n for_o a_o garrison_n be_v leave_v right_o over_o against_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o a_o small_a band_n send_v towards_o glossendium_n which_o be_v to_o go_v so_o far_o as_o the_o boat_n go_v they_o carry_v the_o rest_n of_o their_o army_n to_o meet_v labienus_n by_o the_o dawn_n of_o the_o day_n all_o our_o man_n be_v carry_v over_o and_o the_o enemy_n be_v discover_v range_v in_o battle_n labienus_n adhort_v the_o soldier_n to_o bethink_v themselves_o of_o their_o ancient_a virtue_n and_o to_o recall_v the_o memory_n of_o their_o fortunate_a battle_n and_o to_o suppose_v that_o caesar_n 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may_v amuse_v the_o enemy_n and_o keep_v he_o in_o suspense_n what_o way_n to_o take_v to_o prevent_v his_o passage_n until_o he_o have_v effect_v that_o which_o he_o desire_v which_o bring_v to_o our_o consideration_n the_o say_n of_o epaminondas_n the_o theban_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o necessary_a or_o behooveful_a for_o a_o general_n enem_n then_o to_o understand_v the_o purpose_n of_o the_o enemy_n a_o point_n so_o much_o the_o more_o commendable_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o difficult_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v discover_v for_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o understand_v their_o secret_a deliberation_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v only_o know_v to_o the_o general_n or_o to_o such_o chief_a commander_n as_o be_v near_o about_o he_o when_o then_o very_a action_n which_o every_o man_n know_v and_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o open_a view_n of_o the_o world_n be_v oftentimes_o doubtful_a to_o a_o enemy_n livy_n have_v a_o notable_a story_n to_o this_o purpose_n sempronius_z the_o roman_a consul_n give_v battle_n to_o the_o aequi_n the_o fight_n continue_v until_o the_o night_n part_v they_o not_o without_o alteration_n of_o fortune_n sometime_o the_o roman_n prevail_v and_o sometime_o the_o aequi_n the_o night_n come_v on_o both_o side_n be_v weary_a and_o half_o rout_v they_o forsake_v their_o camp_n and_o for_o their_o better_a safety_n take_v each_o of_o they_o a_o hill_n the_o roman_a army_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o part_n the_o one_o part_n follow_v the_o consul_n and_o the_o other_o a_o centurion_n name_v tempanius_n a_o fellow_n of_o great_a spirit_n and_o have_v show_v much_o worth_n in_o the_o battle_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o consul_n without_o further_a inquiry_n make_v towards_o rome_n and_o so_o do_v the_o aequi_n withdraw_v their_o army_n back_o into_o their_o country_n either_o of_o they_o deem_v themselves_o overthrow_v and_o cast_v victory_n upon_o each_o other_o shoulder_n it_o happen_v that_o tempanius_n with_o that_o part_n of_o the_o army_n that_o keep_v with_o he_o inquire_v after_o the_o enemy_n find_v he_o to_o be_v overthrow_v and_o flee_v whereupon_o he_o first_o go_v to_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o make_v that_o good_a and_o then_o march_v to_o the_o camp_n of_o the_o aequi_n which_o he_o take_v and_o riâ—â—ed_v and_o so_o return_v victor_n to_o rome_n the_o morning_n follow_v the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n 〈◊〉_d montâ—oy_v the_o french_a herald_n come_v to_o inquire_v for_o prisoner_n king_n henry_n ask_v he_o who_o have_v win_v the_o field_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o the_o french_a have_v lose_v it_o which_o be_v unknown_a know_v to_o that_o worthy_a conqueror_n plutarch_n write_v that_o cassius_n kill_v himself_o upon_o the_o like_a error_n not_o know_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o his_o army_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o commendable_a matter_n to_o understand_v the_o deliberation_n of_o a_o enemy_n when_o the_o issue_n of_o a_o battle_n be_v oftentimes_o so_o uncertain_a the_o second_o observation_n camulogenus_n have_v the_o report_n in_o this_o place_n of_o singular_a knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n and_o be_v of_o a_o great_a age_n he_o fight_v as_o resolute_o as_o the_o young_a gallant_a of_o they_o all_o which_o may_v bring_v to_o our_o consideration_n the_o fit_a age_n of_o life_n to_o be_v wish_v in_o a_o general_n general_n for_o the_o achieve_v of_o noble_a and_o worthy_a exploit_n wherein_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o the_o youth_n and_o former_a year_n of_o a_o man_n age_n be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o hot_a blood_n and_o nimble_a spirit_n which_o quick_o apprehend_v the_o conception_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o carry_v they_o with_o such_o violence_n to_o execution_n that_o they_o
to_o hold_v it_o in_o as_o great_a reputation_n as_o any_o weapon_n whatsoever_o which_o may_v be_v think_v worthy_a executioner_n of_o the_o deed_n of_o arm_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbarous_a for_o i_o understand_v the_o german_n to_o be_v as_o barbarous_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o religion_n as_o any_o know_a nation_n of_o that_o time_n be_v in_o a_o climate_n so_o near_o the_o north_n that_o it_o afford_v no_o contemplation_n at_o all_o that_o can_v not_o make_v use_n in_o their_o great_a affair_n of_o that_o superstition_n to_o which_o their_o mind_n be_v natural_o enthral_v and_o forge_v prophecy_n and_o divination_n as_o well_o to_o stir_v up_o as_o to_o moderate_v the_o irregular_a motion_n of_o a_o multitude_n according_a as_o they_o may_v best_o serve_v to_o advantage_v their_o proceed_n neither_o do_v caesar_n let_v slip_v the_o occasion_n of_o make_v use_n of_o this_o their_o religion_n for_o understanding_n by_o their_o prisoner_n that_o their_o divination_n forbid_v they_o to_o fight_v before_o the_o new_a moon_n he_o use_v all_o the_o mean_n he_o can_v to_o provoke_v they_o to_o battle_n that_o their_o religious_a opinion_n of_o mischieve_v may_v prejudice_v their_o resolution_n to_o return_v conqueror_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o superstitious_a people_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o inconvenience_n which_o industry_n or_o fortune_n may_v discover_v to_o their_o overthrow_n it_o be_v record_v that_o columbus_n be_v general_n of_o some_o force_n which_o ferdinando_n king_n of_o castille_n send_v to_o discover_v the_o west_n indies_n and_o suffer_v great_a penury_n for_o want_n of_o victual_n in_o the_o i_o will_v of_o jamaica_n after_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v how_o the_o islander_n worship_v the_o moon_n and_o have_v knowledge_n of_o a_o eclipse_n that_o be_v short_o after_o to_o happen_v he_o tell_v the_o inhabitant_n that_o unless_o they_o will_v furnish_v he_o with_o such_o necessary_n as_o he_o want_v for_o the_o time_n the_o wrath_n of_o their_o god_n shall_v quick_o appear_v towards_o they_o by_o change_v his_o bright_a shine_a face_n into_o obscurity_n and_o darkness_n which_o be_v no_o soon_o happen_v but_o the_o poor_a indian_n strike_v with_o a_o superstitious_a fear_n of_o that_o which_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n require_v keep_v nothing_o back_o that_o may_v assist_v their_o enemy_n to_o depopulate_v and_o overrun_v their_o own_o country_n chap._n xix_o caesar_n seek_v mean_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o the_o german_n dispose_v themselves_o thereunto_o the_o next_o day_n caesar_n leave_v a_o sufficient_a garrison_n in_o each_o of_o his_o camp_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o number_n of_o his_o legionary_a soldier_n be_v small_a caesar_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o german_n he_o place_v all_o the_o auxiliarie_n troop_n for_o a_o show_n before_o the_o lesser_a camp_n and_o put_v his_o legion_n in_o a_o triple_a battle_n he_o march_v towards_o the_o camp_n of_o ariovistus_n and_o then_o at_o length_n be_v the_o german_n constrain_v to_o bring_v out_o their_o power_n set_v every_o tribe_n and_o people_n by_o themselves_o in_o like_a distance_n and_o order_n of_o battle_n as_o the_o harudes_n marcoman_o triboces_fw-la vangiones_n nemetes_n sedusians_n and_o swevian_o and_o environ_v their_o whole_a army_n with_o cart_n and_o carriage_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o hope_n at_o all_o left_a to_o save_v any_o man_n by_o flight_n and_o in_o these_o they_o place_v their_o woman_n that_o they_o by_o their_o outstretch_v hand_n and_o tear_n move_v pity_n may_v implore_v the_o soldier_n as_o they_o descend_v by_o course_n to_o the_o battle_n not_o to_o deliver_v they_o into_o the_o bondage_n and_o thraldom_n of_o the_o roman_n caesar_n assign_v to_o every_o legion_n a_o legate_n and_o a_o quaestor_n that_o every_o man_n may_v have_v a_o eyewitness_n of_o his_o valour_n and_o he_o himself_o begin_v the_o battle_n with_o the_o right_a cornet_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o perceive_v that_o part_n of_o ariovistus_n army_n to_o be_v the_o weak_a the_o first_o observation_n the_o roman_n even_o from_o the_o infancy_n of_o their_o state_n be_v ever_o zealous_a admirer_n of_o true_a honour_n and_o always_o desire_v to_o behold_v with_o the_o eye_n to_o what_o measure_n of_o virtue_n every_o man_n have_v attain_v that_o the_o tongue_n with_o great_a fervency_n of_o spirit_n may_v sound_v out_o the_o celebration_n of_o macte_fw-la virtute_fw-la which_o import_v more_o honour_n than_o any_o wealth_n that_o can_v be_v heap_v upon_o they_o neither_o be_v this_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o wisdom_n consider_v that_o the_o most_o precious_a thing_n that_o be_v lose_v much_o of_o their_o worth_n if_o they_o be_v not_o suit_v with_o other_o correspondent_a nature_n who_o sympathy_n add_v much_o more_o excellency_n than_o be_v discern_v when_o they_o appear_v by_o themselves_o without_o such_o assistance_n for_o how_o small_a be_v the_o beauty_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v to_o the_o eye-pleasing_a diamond_n when_o it_o be_v not_o adorn_v with_o a_o artificial_a form_n or_o what_o perfection_n can_v the_o form_n give_v without_o a_o foil_n to_o strengthen_v it_o or_o what_o good_a be_v in_o either_o of_o they_o if_o the_o light_n do_v not_o illuminate_v it_o or_o what_o avail_n all_o these_o where_o there_o want_v a_o eye_n to_o admire_v it_o a_o judgement_n to_o value_v it_o and_o a_o heart_n to_o embrace_v it_o such_o a_o union_n have_v nature_n imprint_v in_o the_o diversity_n of_o creature_n concur_v to_o perfection_n and_o especial_o in_o moral_a action_n in_o who_o carriage_n there_o be_v a_o far_o great_a exactness_n of_o correspondency_n require_v to_o approve_v they_o honourable_a then_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o jewel_n beautiful_a and_o this_o do_v caesar_n in_o all_o his_o battle_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o at_o alesia_n be_v particular_o note_v in_o this_o manner_n quoth_v in_o conspectu_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la res_fw-la gerebatur_fw-la neque_fw-la recte_fw-la aut_fw-la turpiter_fw-la factum_fw-la celari_fw-la poterat_fw-la utrosque_fw-la &_o laudis_fw-la cupiditas_fw-la &_o timor_fw-la ignominiae_fw-la ad_fw-la virtutem_fw-la excitabat_fw-la and_o when_o livy_n will_v express_v how_o valiant_o a_o action_n be_v carry_v he_o say_v no_o more_o but_o in_o conspectu_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la res_fw-la gerebatur_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o roman_n be_v diligent_a observer_n of_o every_o man_n worth_n reward_v virtue_n with_o honour_n and_o cowardice_n with_o reproach_n every_o man_n bend_v his_o whole_a endeavour_n to_o deserve_v the_o good_a opinion_n of_o his_o general_n by_o discharge_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n with_o all_o loyalty_n and_o faithfulness_n of_o spirit_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o roman_n have_v four_o form_n of_o the_o front_n of_o their_o battle_n the_o first_o be_v call_v acies_fw-la recta_fw-la when_o neither_o the_o cornet_n nor_o the_o battle_n be_v advance_v one_o before_o another_o but_o be_v all_o carry_v in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o make_v a_o straight_a front_n &_o this_o be_v their_o most_o usual_a manner_n of_o imbattel_v the_o second_o form_n of_o the_o front_n be_v call_v obliqua_fw-la when_o as_o one_o of_o the_o cornet_n be_v advance_v near_o unto_o the_o enemy_n than_o the_o rest_n to_o begin_v the_o battle_n and_o this_o be_v common_o as_o vegetius_n note_v the_o right_a cornet_n for_o the_o right_a cornet_n of_o a_o army_n have_v great_a advantage_n against_o the_o left_a of_o the_o enemy_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o weapon_n and_o furniture_n but_o caesar_n do_v it_o in_o this_o place_n because_o he_o perceive_v that_o the_o enemy_n be_v weak_a in_o that_o part_n follow_v a_o maxim_n of_o great_a authority_n that_o the_o weak_a part_n of_o a_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o beginning_n to_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o army_n for_o so_o favourable_a be_v man_n judgement_n to_o that_o which_o be_v already_o happen_v that_o the_o sequel_n of_o every_o action_n depend_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o beginning_n dimidium_fw-la facti_fw-la qui_fw-la bene_fw-la coepit_fw-la habet_fw-la say_v a_o poet_n and_o not_o without_o great_a reason_n so_o forcible_a continual_o be_v the_o beginning_n and_o so_o connex_v to_o the_o sequel_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o precedent_a cause_n that_o the_o end_n must_v needs_o err_v from_o the_o common_a course_n when_o it_o do_v not_o participate_v of_o that_o quality_n which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o good_a end_n without_o a_o good_a beginning_n for_o although_o the_o beginning_n be_v oftentimes_o disastrous_a and_o unlucky_a and_o the_o end_n fortunate_a and_o happy_a yet_o before_o it_o come_v to_o that_o end_n there_o be_v a_o fortunate_a beginning_n
let_v he_o look_v into_o the_o life_n of_o king_n pyrrhus_n demetrius_n hannibal_n and_o caâ—us_o marâ—us_a who_o late_a end_n or_o shut_v up_o of_o their_o life_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o their_o excellency_n in_o deed_n of_o arm_n for_o want_v of_o that_o judicial_a disposition_n of_o their_o business_n which_o caesar_n may_v boast_v of_o of_o who_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o many_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v yet_o he_o do_v plura_fw-la consilio_fw-la quam_fw-la vigerere_fw-la do_v more_o by_o his_o head_n then_o his_o hand_n chap._n v._n labienus_n overthrow_v the_o tâ—eviri_n by_o a_o guile_n while_o caesar_n caesar_n be_v about_o these_o thing_n the_o tâ—eviri_n have_v raise_v great_a force_n both_o of_o horse_n &_o foot_n have_v a_o purpose_n to_o assault_n labienus_n winter_v in_o their_o confine_n with_o one_o legion_n and_o as_o they_o be_v within_o two_o day_n journey_n of_o he_o they_o have_v intelligence_n of_o two_o legion_n more_o which_o caesar_n have_v send_v unto_o he_o whereupon_o they_o encamp_v themselves_o some_o fifteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o he_o and_o resolve_v there_o to_o attend_v the_o german_n force_n labienus_n be_v advertise_v of_o their_o resolution_n hope_v through_o their_o rashness_n to_o find_v some_o good_a opportunity_n of_o encounter_n he_o leave_v five_o cohort_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o carriage_n and_o with_o five_o and_o twenty_o other_o cohort_n beside_o great_a force_n of_o horse_n he_o march_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o encamp_v himself_o within_o a_o mile_n of_o they_o between_o labienus_n and_o the_o enemy_n there_o run_v 〈…〉_z the_o passage_n whereof_o by_o reâ—son_n of_o the_o break_a bank_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o difficult_a 〈…〉_z purpose_n to_o pass_v himself_o and_o doubt_v the_o enemy_n will_v not_o be_v draw_v to_o do_v it_o they_o have_v every_o day_n more_o hope_n of_o fresh_a 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o meeting_n and_o counsel_n of_o war_n â—e_n give_v out_o that_o 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camp_n be_v so_o near_o one_o to_o the_o other_o be_v by_o the_o discoverer_n bring_v to_o the_o enemy_n the_o last_o troop_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v scarce_o go_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n but_o the_o gall_n encourage_v one_o another_o not_o to_o lose_v so_o hopeful_a a_o prey_n think_v it_o long_o special_o the_o roman_n be_v thus_o affright_v to_o expect_v the_o german_a force_n and_o that_o it_o stand_v not_o with_o their_o dignity_n be_v so_o able_a and_o so_o many_o in_o number_n not_o to_o adventure_v upon_o a_o handful_n of_o man_n 〈◊〉_d from_o they_o and_o trouble_v beside_o with_o baggage_n and_o burden_n and_o therefore_o they_o doubt_v not_o to_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n labienus_n suspect_v that_o which_o now_o have_v happen_v to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v draw_v they_o all_o over_o the_o river_n he_o make_v as_o though_o he_o will_v go_v on_o forward_o at_o length_n send_v the_o carriage_n a_o little_a 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first_o close_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n towards_o the_o next_o wood_n labienus_n pursue_v they_o with_o his_o horseman_n kill_v many_o of_o they_o and_o take_v more_o prisoner_n and_o within_o a_o few_o day_n take_v in_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o treviri_n for_o the_o german_n which_o come_v to_o their_o succour_n understanding_n of_o their_o overthrow_n return_v home_o again_o and_o with_o they_o go_v also_o the_o kinsman_n of_o induciomarus_n the_o author_n of_o that_o defection_n the_o sovereignty_n and_o government_n be_v give_v to_o cingetorix_n who_o from_o the_o beginning_n have_v ever_o be_v true_a and_o loyal_a to_o the_o roman_n the_o first_o observation_n i_o have_v already_o handle_v this_o practice_n of_o a_o pretend_a fear_n 8._o which_o the_o history_n do_v so_o often_o recommend_v to_o our_o consideration_n and_o have_v show_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o overlight_n credulity_n lead_v such_o easy_a weener_n to_o a_o disappointment_n of_o their_o hope_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o their_o fortune_n i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o that_o which_o be_v further_o employ_v in_o this_o relation_n and_o respect_v the_o chief_a duty_n of_o a_o chief_a commander_n battle_n and_o that_o be_v what_o special_o be_v require_v of_o a_o general_n in_o the_o carriage_n and_o direction_n of_o a_o battle_n concern_v which_o point_n as_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o material_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o any_o business_n than_o opportunity_n of_o time_n conveniency_n of_o place_n and_o a_o orderly_a disposition_n of_o the_o mean_n according_a to_o time_n and_o place_n so_o in_o question_n of_o encounter_n or_o wage_n battle_n the_o duty_n of_o a_o leader_n may_v be_v include_v in_o these_o three_o circumstance_n concern_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o place_n as_o the_o chief_a and_o first_o respect_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o judicial_a director_n the_o whole_a scope_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o king_n even_o to_o the_o last_o of_o their_o emperor_n do_v always_o aim_v at_o the_o advantage_n of_o place_n as_o a_o necessary_a help_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o victory_n which_o i_o have_v already_o note_v in_o the_o helvetian_a action_n 6._o yet_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o wisdom_n and_o experience_n of_o those_o time_n do_v deem_v it_o a_o circumstance_n of_o such_o importance_n give_v i_o leave_v once_o again_o to_o enforce_v the_o use_n thereof_o by_o these_o example_n habetis_fw-la milites_fw-la say_v labienus_n in_o this_o place_n quam_fw-la petiistis_fw-la facultatem_fw-la hostem_fw-la iniquo_fw-la atque_fw-la impedito_fw-la loco_fw-la tenetis_fw-la praesâ—are_fw-la eandem_fw-la nobis_fw-la ducibus_fw-la virtutem_fw-la quam_fw-la saepenumero_fw-la imperatori_fw-la praestitistis_fw-la you_o have_v fellow-soldier_n that_o opportunity_n which_o you_o desire_v etc._n etc._n whereby_o he_o clear_v himself_o of_o all_o imputation_n of_o ill_a direction_n as_o have_v perform_v the_o uttermost_a duty_n of_o a_o commander_n and_o give_v such_o help_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o a_o easy_a victory_n leave_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o soldier_n caesar_n at_o the_o loss_n he_o receive_v at_o dyrrachium_fw-la clear_v himself_o to_o his_o soldier_n in_o this_o sort_n quod_fw-la esset_fw-la acceptum_fw-la detrimenti_fw-la cuivis_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la suae_fw-la culpae_fw-la debere_fw-la tribui_fw-la locum_fw-la securum_fw-la ad_fw-la dimicandum_fw-la dedisse_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o damage_n that_o be_v receive_v be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o any_o body_n rather_o than_o he_o he_o have_v choose_v they_o a_o safe_a place_n of_o fight_v etc._n etc._n and_o as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n be_v imbattel_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n right_o over_o against_o the_o army_n of_o the_o gall_n which_o stand_v likewise_o in_o a_o readiness_n to_o entertain_v the_o
be_v as_o well_o make_v of_o wheat_n as_o of_o the_o lees_n of_o wine_n flesh_n be_v good_a to_o make_v wrestler_n of_o a_o gross_a and_o heavy_a constitution_n as_o plutarch_n note_v but_o the_o roman_a soldier_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o effectual_a and_o sinewy_a vigour_n able_a to_o undergo_v carriage_n mariani_n fit_a for_o a_o mule_n then_o a_o man_n together_o with_o such_o work_n as_o late_a age_n do_v rather_o hear_v then_o believe_v and_o be_v attain_v by_o feed_v only_o upon_o bread_n the_o rabbin_n and_o thalmudist_n do_v write_v that_o the_o giant_n of_o the_o old_a world_n first_o fall_v to_o the_o eat_n of_o flesh_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o man_n and_o a_o beast_n but_o grow_v so_o execrable_a that_o they_o make_v woman_n cast_v their_o fruit_n before_o their_o time_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v eat_v it_o with_o more_o tenderness_n and_o delicacy_n which_o be_v also_o say_v to_o be_v practise_v by_o the_o cannibal_n upon_o the_o first_o discovery_n of_o the_o indies_n viginere_n report_v that_o he_o know_v some_o great_a man_n in_o france_n so_o friand_v that_o they_o cause_v oftentimes_o do_v ready_a to_o foan_v to_o be_v kill_v and_o the_o young_a one_o take_v out_o alive_a to_o be_v make_v meat_n for_o monstrous_a appetite_n ebrietate_fw-la but_o there_o be_v no_o indifferent_a parallel_n to_o be_v draw_v between_o the_o sobriety_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a soldier_n and_o the_o gluttony_n of_o these_o time_n far_o exceed_v that_o of_o agamemnon_n hâ—mer_n which_o achilles_n note_v with_o word_n of_o high_a reproach_n 1._o call_v he_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n eye_n of_o a_o dog_n and_o hart_n of_o a_o dear_a the_o three_o observation_n three_o from_o this_o elaborate_a &_o well-couched_a speech_n we_o may_v note_v that_o eloquence_n be_v a_o very_a beautiful_a ornament_n to_o prince_n est_fw-la and_o great_a commander_n beside_o the_o use_v it_o have_v to_o lead_v a_o multitude_n to_o such_o end_n as_o be_v wish_v for_o 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general_a consent_n as_o soon_o as_o any_o occasion_n be_v offer_v to_o give_v battle_n the_o next_o day_n have_v bring_v out_o his_o force_n he_o make_v a_o stand_n and_o imbattel_v they_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o he_o stand_v in_o arm_n the_o day_n before_o and_o varus_n likewise_o draw_v out_o his_o troop_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o solicit_v the_o soldier_n or_o not_o to_o omit_v the_o opportunity_n of_o fight_v if_o it_o may_v be_v afford_v in_o a_o indifferent_a place_n there_o be_v a_o valley_n as_o we_o have_v former_o declare_v between_o the_o two_o army_n of_o no_o very_o hard_a or_o difficult_a ascent_n and_o either_o of_o they_o expect_v who_o shall_v first_o come_v over_o it_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v fight_v in_o a_o place_n of_o more_o advantage_n when_o upon_o a_o sudden_a all_o varus_n cavalry_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o army_n together_o with_o the_o light-armed_n soldier_n that_o stand_v mingle_v among_o they_o be_v see_v descend_v into_o the_o valley_n to_o they_o curio_n send_v his_o cavalry_n together_o with_o two_o cohort_n of_o the_o marrucini_n the_o enemy_n horseman_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o first_o encounter_n of_o our_o man_n but_o have_v lose_v their_o horse_n flee_v back_o to_o their_o party_n the_o light-armed_n man_n that_o come_v out_o with_o they_o be_v leave_v and_o forsake_v be_v all_o slay_v by_o our_o man_n in_o the_o view_n and_o sight_n of_o varus_n whole_a army_n then_o rebilus_n caesar_n legate_n who_o curio_n for_o his_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n have_v bring_v with_o he_o out_o of_o sicily_n say_v curio_n thou_o see_v the_o enemy_n affright_v why_o make_v thou_o doubt_v to_o use_v the_o opportunity_n of_o time_n curio_z without_o make_v any_o other_o answer_n then_o willing_a the_o soldier_n to_o remember_v what_o they_o have_v assure_v unto_o he_o the_o day_n before_o command_v they_o to_o follow_v he_o and_o run_v foremost_a himself_o the_o valley_n be_v so_o cumber_v some_o and_o difficult_a that_o in_o gain_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o hill_n the_o foremost_a can_v hardly_o get_v up_o unless_o they_o be_v lift_v up_o by_o their_o follower_n howbeit_o the_o enemy_n be_v so_o possess_v with_o fear_n for_o the_o flight_n and_o slaughter_n of_o their_o fellow_n that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o think_v of_o resist_v for_o they_o take_v themselves_o all_o to_o be_v already_o surprise_v by_o the_o cavalry_n so_o that_o before_o any_o weapon_n can_v be_v cast_v or_o that_o our_o man_n can_v approach_v near_o unto_o they_o all_o varus_n army_n turn_v their_o back_n and_o flee_v into_o their_o camp_n in_o this_o flight_n fabius_n pelignus_n a_o certain_a soldier_n of_o one_o of_o the_o inferior_a company_n of_o curio_n his_o army_n have_v overtake_v the_o first_o troup_n of_o they_o that_o flee_v seek_v for_o varus_n call_v after_o he_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n as_o though_o he_o have_v be_v one_o of_o his_o own_o soldier_n and_o will_v either_o advise_v he_o or_o say_v something_o else_o to_o he_o and_o as_o he_o be_v often_o call_v look_v back_o and_o stand_v still_o inquire_v who_o he_o be_v and_o what_o he_o will_v he_o make_v at_o varus_n shoulder_n which_o be_v unarm_v with_o his_o sword_n and_o be_v very_o near_o kill_v he_o howbeit_o he_o avoid_v the_o danger_n by_o receive_v the_o blow_n upon_o his_o target_n fabius_n be_v instant_o enclose_v about_o by_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n and_o slay_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v pester_v and_o throng_v with_o multitude_n and_o troop_n of_o such_o as_o flee_v away_o and_o the_o passage_n be_v so_o stop_v that_o more_o die_v in_o that_o place_n without_o blow_n or_o wound_n then_o perish_v either_o in_o the_o battle_n or_o in_o the_o flight_n neither_o want_v they_o much_o of_o take_v the_o camp_n for_o many_o leave_v not_o run_v until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o town_n but_o the_o 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main_a help_n to_o victory_n to_o attend_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o enemy_n rashness_n and_o to_o see_v if_o his_o folly_n will_v not_o make_v way_n to_o his_o overthrow_n whereof_o curio_n make_v good_a use_n for_o he_o keep_v his_o army_n in_o the_o upper_a ground_n until_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o adversary_n be_v loose_o fall_v into_o the_o valley_n and_o then_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o cut_v they_o all_o in_o piece_n the_o sight_n whereof_o maskered_a the_o whole_a army_n and_o keep_v curio_n in_o safety_n upon_o the_o like_a disadvantage_n in_o the_o cumbersome_a passage_n of_o the_o same_o vale_n by_o mean_n whereof_o he_o put_v to_o flight_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n in_o the_o party_n wherein_o i_o may_v not_o forget_v that_o trick_n of_o a_o roman_a
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he_o use_v his_o footman_n only_o for_o a_o show_v a_o far_o off_o and_o send_v the_o cavalry_n to_o give_v the_o charge_n curio_n be_v not_o want_v to_o his_o man_n but_o wish_v they_o to_o set_v all_o their_o confidence_n in_o their_o valour_n the_o soldier_n howsoever_o harry_v and_o weary_v and_o the_o horseman_n although_o but_o a_o very_a few_o and_o those_o spend_v with_o travel_n yet_o want_v no_o courage_n or_o desire_n to_o fight_v but_o these_o be_v but_o two_o hundred_o in_o number_n for_o the_o rest_n stay_v by_o the_o way_n what_o part_n of_o the_o army_n soever_o they_o charge_v they_o force_v the_o enemy_n to_o give_v way_n but_o they_o can_v neither_o follow_v they_o far_o as_o they_o flee_v nor_o put_v their_o horse_n to_o any_o round_a or_o long_a career_n at_o length_n the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n begin_v from_o both_o the_o wing_n to_o circumvent_v our_o army_n and_o to_o maul_v they_o down_o behind_o and_o as_o our_o cohort_n issue_v out_o from_o the_o 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be_v expect_v on_o be_v behalf_n but_o despair_n and_o confusion_n but_o either_o to_o be_v mistake_v therein_o or_o otherwise_o to_o make_v such_o haste_n to_o observe_v this_o rule_n of_o war_n as_o curio_n do_v that_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v he_o by_o the_o way_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o go_v on_o shall_v be_v so_o spend_v with_o labour_n as_o they_o be_v altogether_o unfit_a for_o service_n and_o yet_o to_o make_v the_o matter_n worse_a to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n to_o encounter_v a_o strong_a and_o fresh_a enemy_n be_v to_o make_v the_o circumstance_n oversway_v the_o rule_n and_o by_o a_o maxim_n of_o war_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o a_o overthrow_n neglect_v altogether_o that_o which_o be_v observe_v by_o sextus_n aurelius_n victor_n satis_fw-la celeriter_fw-la fit_a quicquid_fw-la commode_v geritur_fw-la that_o which_o be_v well_o do_v be_v do_v soon_o enough_o chap._n xvii_o curio_n defeat_v and_o slay_v some_o few_o of_o 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thus_o command_v at_o sometime_o to_o turn_v his_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o about_o the_o battallion_n stand_v in_o order_n hand_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o distance_n before_o name_v so_o the_o whole_a battallion_n be_v reduce_v into_o their_o close_a order_n be_v command_v to_o turn_v as_o one_o body_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n scutum_fw-la it_o be_v perform_v thus_o imagine_v the_o battallion_n stand_v first_o in_o order_n it_o shall_v be_v command_v that_o they_o close_v their_o file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n when_o the_o right_a file_n stand_v still_o the_o rest_n turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n march_v into_o their_o close_a order_n and_o return_v as_o they_o be_v next_o that_o they_o close_v their_o rank_n from_o behind_o when_o every_o follower_n march_v forward_o to_o his_o leader_n unto_o his_o rapier_n point_v as_o be_v say_v before_o this_o do_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o right_a file_n stand_v immovable_a all_o 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command_v to_o wheel_v about_o which_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o former_a face_n about_o or_o mutation_n there_o be_v also_o another_o wheel_a in_o this_o sort_n reflexâ—o_o when_o the_o front_n change_v the_o aspect_n thrice_o for_o as_o wheel_v about_o make_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n so_o this_o wheel_v from_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o left_a or_o contrariwise_o which_o fashion_n be_v so_o seldom_o use_v that_o we_o scarce_o afford_v it_o a_o name_n in_o all_o such_o motion_n and_o alteration_n it_o be_v most_o fit_a that_o all_o man_n perform_v their_o direction_n with_o their_o pike_n advance_v be_v in_o that_o sort_n most_o easy_a to_o be_v command_v as_o also_o less_o troublesome_a to_o their_o follower_n and_o leader_n countermarch_v file_n and_o rank_n there_o be_v also_o another_o mean_n to_o prevent_v the_o enemy_n his_o assault_v we_o in_o the_o rear_n or_o flank_n lest_o he_o shall_v find_v our_o worst_a man_n least_o able_a to_o make_v resistance_n and_o this_o 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the_o enemy_n will_v not_o suffer_v to_o change_v their_o ground_n stand_v they_o be_v wont_n to_o countermarch_n the_o front_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o stand_v still_o until_o the_o other_o half_a file_n have_v likewise_o march_v forth_o and_o fall_v upon_o their_o leader_n in_o every_o file_n in_o all_o these_o it_o be_v especial_o command_v evolutio_fw-la to_o march_v still_o in_o the_o same_o distance_n and_o by_o whole_a rank_n to_o prevent_v confusion_n which_o especial_o the_o enemy_n at_o hand_n must_v needs_o be_v most_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o careful_o to_o be_v avoid_v in_o like_a sort_n the_o rank_n may_v countermarch_n when_o either_o the_o right_a wing_n will_v be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o left_a rank_n or_o the_o leave_v by_o the_o right_n always_o march_v by_o whole_a file_n towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o direction_n either_o 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a_o caveat_n so_o to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o a_o water_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v within_o a_o reasonable_a march_n that_o no_o part_n may_v be_v so_o sever_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n that_o advantage_n may_v thereby_o be_v take_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o altogether_o and_o separate_v they_o from_o themselves_o the_o safe_a and_o most_o honourable_a way_n to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o a_o river_n be_v by_o a_o bridge_n place_v at_o each_o end_n sufficient_a troop_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o defend_v the_o army_n from_o sudden_a assault_n as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o water_n and_o thus_o go_v caesar_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o germany_n two_o several_a time_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n watch_n when_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v in_o the_o three_o watch_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o roman_n divide_v the_o whole_a night_n into_o four_o watch_n every_o watch_n 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equal_a to_o the_o rest_n and_o continue_v until_o sunrising_a so_o that_o by_o this_o phrase_n de_fw-fr tertia_fw-la vigilia_fw-la we_o understand_v that_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o three_o watch_n which_o be_v after_o midnight_n and_o so_o we_o must_v conceive_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o watch_n as_o often_o as_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o history_n chap._n v._n caesar_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n his_o horseman_n encounter_v with_o the_o helvetian_o and_o be_v put_v to_o the_o worse_o after_o this_o overthrow_n he_o cause_v a_o bridge_n to_o be_v make_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n caesar_n and_o carry_v over_o his_o army_n to_o pursue_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o helvetian_a force_n the_o helvetian_o much_o daunt_v at_o his_o sudden_a come_n that_o have_v get_v over_o the_o river_n in_o one_o day_n which_o they_o can_v scarce_o do_v in_o twenty_o send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o of_o who_o divico_n be_v chief_a that_o command_v the_o 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those_o late_a and_o fresh_a injury_n for_o that_o they_o have_v attempt_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o province_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n sack_v and_o pillage_v the_o heduan_o ambaâ—s_n and_o allobrogian_o that_o do_v so_o insolent_o vaunt_v of_o their_o victory_n admire_v that_o these_o injury_n be_v suffer_v so_o long_a time_n to_o rest_v unrevenged_a come_v all_o in_o the_o end_n to_o one_o pass_n for_o the_o immortal_a god_n be_v go_v sometime_o to_o give_v happiness_n and_o long_a impunity_n to_o man_n that_o by_o the_o great_a alteration_n of_o thing_n the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v the_o more_o grievous_a for_o their_o offence_n howbeit_o if_o they_o will_v give_v hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v agree_v upon_o and_o satisfy_v the_o heduan_o and_o allobrogian_o together_o with_o their_o ally_n for_o the_o injury_n they_o have_v do_v unto_o they_o he_o will_v be_v content_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o they_o divico_n reply_v that_o 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sweet-sounding_a fame_n on_o foot_n may_v as_o far_o surpass_v the_o industry_n which_o he_o first_o use_v to_o obtain_v it_o as_o the_o continuance_n of_o happiness_n do_v exceed_v the_o beginning_n of_o good_a fortune_n for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n that_o although_o from_o her_o infancy_n even_o to_o the_o manhood_n of_o her_o age_n she_o never_o find_v want_n of_o that_o which_o she_o lust_v after_o yet_o when_o she_o meet_v with_o a_o counterbuff_n to_o check_v her_o appetite_n and_o restrain_v her_o affection_n from_o their_o satisfaction_n she_o be_v as_o much_o trouble_v in_o that_o want_n as_o if_o she_o have_v never_o receive_v any_o contentment_n at_o all_o for_o our_o will_n to_o every_o object_n which_o it_o seek_v after_o beget_v always_o a_o new_a appetite_n which_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o a_o former_a quittance_n but_o either_o seek_v present_a payment_n or_o return_v discontentment_n unto_o the_o mind_n and_o as_o our_o soul_n be_v of_o a_o everlasting_a be_v and_o can_v think_v of_o a_o end_n to_o her_o beginning_n so_o she_o seek_v a_o perpetual_a continuance_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o she_o lust_v after_o which_o he_o that_o mean_v to_o hold_v fortune_n his_o friend_n will_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v chap._n vi_o caesar_n send_v to_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o so_o to_o give_v the_o helvetian_o battle_n but_o be_v put_v off_o by_o false_a intelligence_n the_o opportunity_n be_v lose_v he_o intend_v provision_n of_o corn._n in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n press_v the_o heduan_o from_o day_n to_o day_n to_o bring_v in_o corn_n caesar_n according_a to_o their_o promise_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a temperature_n of_o gallia_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o northward_o it_o happen_v not_o only_o that_o the_o corn_n be_v far_o from_o be_v ripe_a but_o also_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o forage_v for_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o provision_n which_o be_v bring_v along_o the_o river_n arar_n stand_v he_o in_o small_a stead_n at_o that_o time_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o helvetian_o have_v take_v their_o journey_n clean_o from_o the_o river_n and_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n forsake_v they_o the_o heduan_o put_v it_o off_o from_o one_o day_n to_o another_o give_v out_o still_o it_o be_v upon_o come_v but_o when_o caesar_n find_v the_o matter_n so_o long_o delay_v and_o that_o the_o day_n of_o meet_v out_o corn_n to_o the_o soldier_n be_v at_o hand_n call_v before_o he_o the_o chief_a prince_n of_o the_o heduan_o of_o who_o he_o have_v great_a number_n in_o his_o camp_n and_o among_o they_o divitiacus_n and_o liscus_n who_o for_o that_o time_n be_v the_o sovereign_a magistrate_n which_o they_o call_v vergobret_n be_v yearly_o create_v and_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n he_o do_v great_o blame_v they_o that_o he_o be_v not_o supply_v with_o corn_n from_o they_o the_o enemy_n be_v so_o near_o and_o in_o so_o needful_a a_o time_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v buy_v for_o money_n nor_o have_v out_o of_o the_o field_n especial_o when_o for_o their_o sake_n and_o at_o their_o request_n he_o have_v undertake_v that_o war_n whereat_o he_o be_v the_o rather_o grieve_v because_o he_o find_v himself_o forsake_v of_o they_o at_o length_n liscus_n move_v with_o caesar_n speech_n discover_v which_o before_o he_o have_v keep_v secret_a that_o there_o be_v some_o of_o great_a authority_n among_o the_o commons_o and_o can_v do_v more_o be_v private_a person_n than_o they_o can_v do_v be_v magistrate_n these_o by_o seditious_a and_o bad_a speech_n do_v defer_v the_o people_n from_o bring_v corn_n show_v it_o better_o for_o they_o since_o they_o can_v not_o attain_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o gallia_n to_o undergo_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o gall_n than_o the_o roman_n for_o they_o be_v not_o to_o doubt_v but_o if_o the_o roman_n vanquish_v the_o helvetian_o they_o will_v bereave_v the_o heduan_o of_o their_o liberty_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o all_o gallia_n by_o these_o man_n be_v our_o deliberation_n and_o counsel_n or_o whatsoever_o else_o be_v do_v in_o the_o camp_n make_v know_v to_o the_o enemy_n â—hat_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n that_o he_o know_v well_o withal_o what_o danger_n he_o fall_v into_o by_o acquaint_v caesar_n with_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n he_o have_v keep_v they_o from_o he_o so_o long_o caesar_n perceive_v that_o dumnorix_n divitiacus_n brother_n be_v shoot_v at_o by_o this_o speech_n of_o liscus_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o will_v not_o have_v those_o thing_n handle_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o so_o many_o he_o speedy_o braâ—e_v off_o the_o council_n &_o retain_v liscus_n ask_v private_o after_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o assembly_n whereunto_o he_o speak_v more_o free_o and_o bold_o then_o before_o and_o inquire_v secret_o of_o other_o he_o find_v it_o to_o be_v true_a that_o dumnorix_n be_v of_o great_a courage_n &_o singular_o favour_v for_o his_o liberality_n of_o the_o common_a people_n desirous_a of_o novelty_n and_o change_n and_o for_o many_o year_n have_v keep_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n the_o tax_n and_o imposition_n of_o the_o heduan_o forasmuch_o as_o no_o man_n dare_v contradict_v what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v by_o which_o course_n he_o have_v increase_v his_o private_a estate_n and_o get_v great_a mean_n to_o be_v liberal_a for_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n do_v only_o live_v upon_o his_o entertainment_n and_o be_v continual_o about_o he_o be_v not_o only_o powerful_a at_o home_n but_o abroad_o also_o among_o divers_a of_o the_o neighbour_n state_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n have_v marry_v his_o mother_n to_o a_o great_a rich_a man_n and_o of_o a_o noble_a house_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o bituriges_n himself_o have_v take_v a_o wife_n of_o
the_o helvetian_o have_v match_v his_o sister_n by_o his_o mother_n and_o other_o of_o his_o kâ—_n into_o other_o state_n for_o that_o affiâ—ty_a he_o favour_v and_o wish_v well_o to_o the_o helvetian_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n hate_v the_o roman_n and_o special_o caesar_n of_o all_o other_o for_o that_o by_o their_o come_n into_o gallia_n his_o power_n be_v weaken_v and_o divitiacus_n his_o brother_n restore_v to_o his_o ancient_a honour_n and_o dignity_n if_o any_o miscasualtie_n happen_v to_o the_o romansâ—is_n â—is_z hope_v be_v to_o obtain_v the_o principality_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o helvetian_o whereas_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o roman_n make_v he_o not_o only_o despair_v of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o also_o of_o the_o favour_n or_o what_o other_o thing_n soever_o he_o now_o enjoy_v and_o caesar_n have_v find_v out_o by_o inquiry_n that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o slight_a when_o the_o cavalry_n be_v rout_v come_v from_o dumnorix_n and_o his_o horseman_n for_o he_o command_v those_o troop_n which_o the_o heduan_o have_v send_v to_o aid_n caesar_n and_o out_o of_o that_o disorder_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o cavalry_n take_v a_o fright_n which_o thing_n be_v discover_v forasmuch_o as_o these_o suspicion_n be_v second_v with_o matter_n of_o certainty_n in_o that_o he_o have_v bring_v the_o helvetian_o through_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o sequans_n have_v cause_v hostage_n to_o be_v give_v on_o either_o side_n and_o do_v all_o those_o thing_n not_o only_o without_o warrant_n from_o the_o state_n but_o without_o acquaint_v they_o therewith_o and_o last_o in_o that_o he_o be_v accuse_v by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o heduan_o he_o think_v it_o cause_v sufficient_a for_o he_o to_o punish_v he_o or_o to_o command_v the_o state_n to_o do_v justice_n upon_o he_o one_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o may_v seem_v too_o oppugn_v all_o this_o the_o singular_a affection_n of_o divitiacus_n his_o brother_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n the_o great_a love_n he_o bear_v particular_o to_o caesar_n his_o loyalty_n justice_n and_o temperance_n and_o therefore_o he_o fear_v least_o his_o punishment_n may_v any_o way_n alienate_v or_o offend_v divitiacus_n sincere_a affection_n and_o therefore_o before_o he_o do_v any_o thing_n he_o call_v divitiacus_n and_o put_v aside_o â—he_v ordinary_a interpreter_n he_o speak_v to_o he_o by_o m._n valerius_n procillus_n one_o of_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o province_n of_o gallia_n his_o familiar_a friend_n &_o who_o he_o special_o trust_v in_o matter_n of_o importance_n and_o take_v notice_n what_o dumnorix_n have_v utter_v in_o his_o presence_n at_o a_o council_n of_o the_o gall_n show_v also_o what_o information_n he_o have_v private_o receive_v concern_v he_o and_o therefore_o by_o way_n of_o advice_n desire_v that_o without_o any_o offence_n to_o he_o either_o he_o himself_o may_v call_v he_o in_o question_n or_o the_o state_n take_v some_o course_n in_o the_o same_o divitiacus_n embrace_v caesar_n with_o many_o tear_n beseech_v he_o not_o to_o take_v any_o severe_a course_n with_o his_o brother_n he_o know_v well_o that_o all_o those_o thing_n be_v true_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o man_n more_o grieve_v thereat_o then_o himself_o for_o whereas_o he_o have_v credit_n and_o reputation_n both_o at_o home_n and_o among_o other_o state_n of_o gallia_n and_o his_o brother_n be_v of_o small_a power_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o youth_n be_v by_o his_o aid_n and_o assistance_n grow_v into_o favour_n and_o authority_n he_o use_v those_o mean_n as_o a_o advantage_n not_o only_o to_o weaken_v his_o authority_n but_o to_o bring_v he_o to_o ruin_v and_o yet_o nevertheless_o he_o find_v himself_o overrule_v through_o brotherly_a affection_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o common_a people_n and_o if_o caesar_n shall_v take_v any_o strict_a account_n of_o these_o offence_n there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o will_v think_v it_o be_v do_v with_o his_o privity_n consider_v the_o place_n he_o hold_v in_o his_o favour_n whereupon_o will_v consequent_o follow_v on_o his_o behalf_n a_o general_a alienation_n and_o distaste_n of_o all_o gallia_n as_o he_o utter_v these_o thing_n with_o many_o other_o word_n accompany_v with_o tear_n caesar_z take_z his_o right_a hand_n 〈…〉_z comfort_v he_o and_o desire_v he_o to_o entreat_v no_o further_o for_o such_o be_v the_o respect_n he_o have_v unto_o he_o that_o for_o his_o sake_n and_o at_o his_o request_n he_o forgive_v both_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o displeasure_n which_o he_o have_v just_o conceive_v for_o the_o same_o and_o thereupon_o call_v dumnorix_n before_o he_o and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o brother_n show_v he_o wherein_o he_o have_v deserve_v much_o blame_n and_o reproof_n tell_v he_o what_o he_o have_v understand_v and_o what_o the_o state_n complain_v on_o advise_v he_o to_o avoid_v all_o occasion_n of_o mislike_n for_o the_o future_a that_o which_o be_v past_a he_o have_v forgive_v he_o at_o divitiacus_n his_o brother_n entreaty_n howbeit_o he_o set_v espial_n upon_o he_o to_o observe_v his_o course_n that_o he_o may_v be_v inform_v what_o he_o do_v and_o with_o who_o he_o converse_v the_o same_o day_n understand_v by_o the_o discoverer_n that_o the_o enemy_n be_v lodge_v under_o a_o hill_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o his_o camp_n he_o send_v some_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o of_o the_o ascent_n from_o about_o the_o same_o which_o be_v find_v &_o according_o report_v unto_o he_o to_o be_v very_o easy_a in_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n he_o send_v away_o t._n labienus_n the_o legate_n with_o two_o legion_n and_o those_o guide_n that_o know_v the_o way_n command_v he_o to_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o top_n of_o that_o hill_n himself_o about_o the_o four_o watch_n march_v on_o after_o the_o enemy_n the_o same_o way_n they_o have_v go_v send_v all_o his_o horseman_n before_o p._n causidius_n that_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o great_a soldier_n first_o in_o the_o army_n of_o l._n sylla_n and_o afterward_o with_o m._n crassus_n be_v send_v before_o with_o the_o discoverer_n at_o the_o break_n of_o the_o day_n when_o labienus_n have_v get_v the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o himself_o be_v come_v within_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o helvetian_a camp_n without_o any_o notice_n to_o the_o enemy_n either_o of_o he_o or_o labienus_n approach_v as_o be_v afterward_o find_v by_o the_o captive_n causidius_n come_v run_v as_o fast_o as_o his_o horse_n can_v drive_v and_o tell_v he_o that_o the_o hill_n which_o labienus_n shall_v have_v take_v be_v hold_v by_o the_o gall_n which_o he_o perceive_v plain_o by_o the_o arm_n and_o ensign_n of_o the_o helvetian_o whereupon_o caesar_n draw_v his_o force_n to_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o imbattel_v the_o army_n labienus_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n he_o have_v from_o caesar_n not_o to_o fight_v unless_o he_o see_v his_o force_n near_o the_o enemy_n camp_n that_o they_o may_v both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n assault_v they_o from_o divers_a part_n at_o once_o when_o he_o have_v take_v the_o hill_n keep_v his_o man_n from_o battle_n expect_v our_o army_n at_o length_n when_o it_o be_v far_o in_o the_o day_n caesar_n understand_v by_o the_o discoverer_n that_o the_o hill_n be_v possess_v by_o his_o party_n as_o also_o that_o the_o enemy_n be_v dislodge_v and_o that_o causidius_n be_v so_o astonish_v with_o fear_n that_o he_o report_v to_o have_v see_v that_o which_o he_o see_v not_o the_o same_o day_n he_o follow_v the_o enemy_n at_o the_o distance_n he_o have_v former_o use_v and_o encamp_v himself_o three_o mile_n from_o they_o the_o day_n follow_v forasmuch_o as_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o corn_n within_o two_o day_n next_o after_o and_o that_o he_o be_v but_o eighteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o bibract_n a_o great_a and_o opulent_a city_n of_o the_o heduan_o he_o turn_v aside_o from_o the_o helvetian_o and_o make_v towards_o bibract_n the_o first_o observation_n the_o get_n of_o this_o hill_n as_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n war_n be_v marvellous_a important_a to_o the_o happy_a success_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n be_v not_o only_o note_v as_o a_o especial_a cause_n of_o easy_a victory_n throughout_o this_o history_n but_o in_o all_o their_o war_n from_o the_o very_a cradle_n of_o their_o empire_n it_o clear_v their_o army_n from_o all_o difficulty_n to_o what_o extremity_n soever_o they_o be_v put_v the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o dart_n and_o sling_n and_o especial_o their_o pile_n which_o be_v a_o heavy_a deadly_a weapon_n can_v not_o any_o way_n be_v so_o available_a be_v cast_v countermont_n or_o in_o a_o plain_a level_n as_o when_o the_o declivity_n and_o downfall_n of_o a_o swell_a
bank_n do_v natural_o second_v their_o violent_a impression_n neither_o can_v the_o shock_n at_o handy-blowe_n be_v any_o thing_n so_o furious_a which_o be_v a_o point_n of_o great_a respect_n in_o their_o battle_n when_o the_o soldier_n spend_v their_o strength_n in_o franchise_v the_o in_o jury_n of_o a_o rise_a mountain_n as_o when_o the_o place_n by_o a_o natural_a inclination_n do_v further_o their_o course_n and_o to_o conclude_v if_o the_o battle_n succeed_v not_o according_a to_o theâ—_n desire_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o place_n afford_v they_o mean_n of_o a_o strong_a retreat_n in_o the_o high_a part_n whereof_o they_o have_v common_o their_o camp_n well_o fence_v and_o fortify_v against_o all_o chance_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v whether_o the_o upper_a ground_n be_v of_o like_a use_n in_o regard_n of_o our_o weapon_n i_o answer_v that_o in_o a_o skirmish_n of_o shot_n i_o take_v the_o advantage_n to_o lie_v in_o the_o low_a ground_n rather_o than_o on_o the_o hill_n for_o the_o piece_n be_v hasty_o charge_v as_o common_o they_o be_v after_o the_o first_o volley_n if_o the_o bullet_n chance_v to_o lie_v loose_a when_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o piece_n be_v low_a than_o the_o breech_n it_o must_v needs_o fly_v at_o random_n and_o be_v altogether_o uneffectual_a but_o when_o the_o nose_n shall_v be_v raise_v upward_o to_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n the_o bullet_n be_v ram_v in_o with_o his_o own_o weight_n shall_v fly_v with_o great_a certainty_n and_o fury_n consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o powder_n to_o be_v such_o that_o the_o more_o it_o be_v stop_v and_o shut_v in_o the_o more_o it_o seek_v to_o enlarge_v his_o room_n and_o break_v forth_o with_o great_a violence_n and_o fury_n concern_v other_o weapon_n i_o take_v the_o upper_a ground_n in_o the_o shock_n and_o encounter_v to_o be_v advantageous_a as_o well_o for_o the_o sword_n as_o the_o pike_n and_o will_v deserve_v as_o great_a respect_n if_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v by_o these_o weapon_n as_o seldom_o time_n it_o be_v the_o second_o observation_n by_o causidius_n his_o demeanour_n we_o see_v that_o verify_v which_o physician_n affirm_v that_o nothing_o will_v soon_o carry_v our_o judgement_n out_o of_o her_o proper_a seat_n than_o the_o passion_n of_o fear_n and_o that_o among_o soldier_n themselves_o who_o custom_n have_v make_v familiar_o acquaint_v with_o horror_n and_o death_n it_o be_v able_a to_o turn_v a_o flock_n of_o sheep_n into_o a_o squadron_n of_o corselet_n and_o a_o few_o cane_n or_o olier_n into_o pike_n and_o lancier_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o advise_v a_o discreet_a general_n not_o easy_o to_o credit_v a_o relation_n of_o that_o nature_n when_o a_o man_n of_o reputation_n in_o so_o perfect_a a_o discipline_n and_o so_o experience_v in_o the_o service_n of_o three_o famous_a chief_n be_v so_o surprise_v with_o fear_n that_o he_o can_v not_o discern_v his_o friend_n from_o his_o enemy_n but_o i_o will_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o passion_n in_o the_o war_n with_o aâ—â—ovistus_n the_o three_o observation_n in_o every_o relation_n throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o this_o history_n victual_v the_o first_o word_n be_v common_o these_o re_fw-mi frumentaria_fw-la comparata_fw-la as_o the_o foundation_n and_o strength_n of_o every_o expedition_n without_o which_o no_o man_n can_v manage_v a_o war_n according_a to_o the_o true_a maxim_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o art_n military_a but_o must_v be_v force_v to_o relieve_v that_o inconvenience_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o other_o advantage_n of_o great_a consequence_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o gaspar_n the_o coligm_n that_o famous_a admiral_n of_o france_n among_o other_o oracle_n of_o truth_n wherewith_o his_o mind_n be_v marvellous_o enrich_v often_o to_o use_v this_o say_n that_o he_o that_o will_v shape_v that_o beast_n mean_v war_n must_v begin_v with_o the_o belly_n and_o this_o rule_n be_v diligent_o observe_v by_o caesar_n who_o best_o know_v how_o to_o express_v the_o true_a portraiture_n of_o that_o beast_n in_o due_a proportion_n and_o lively_a resemblance_n the_o order_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v at_o the_o day_n of_o measure_v to_o give_v corn_n to_o every_o particular_a soldier_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n which_o be_v common_o desined_a by_o circumstance_n and_o by_o the_o measure_n which_o be_v give_v they_o they_o know_v the_o day_n of_o the_o next_o payment_n for_o every_o footman_n receive_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o a_o bushel_n a_o week_n which_o be_v think_v sufficient_a for_o he_o and_o his_o servant_n for_o if_o they_o have_v pay_v they_o their_o whole_a stipend_n in_o money_n it_o may_v have_v be_v waste_v in_o unnecessary_a expense_n but_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v sure_a of_o provision_n for_o the_o time_n determine_v and_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o war_n be_v provident_o care_v for_o by_o the_o general_n the_o corn_n be_v deliver_v out_o be_v husband_v ground_n with_o hand-mille_n which_o they_o carry_v always_o with_o they_o and_o make_v into_o hasty_a cake_n dainty_a enough_o for_o a_o soldier_n mouth_n by_o no_o other_o but_o themselves_o and_o their_o servant_n neither_o can_v they_o sell_v it_o or_o exchange_v it_o for_o bread_n for_o sallust_n reckon_v this_o up_o among_o other_o dishonour_n of_o the_o discipline_n corrupt_v that_o the_o soldier_n sell_v away_o their_o corn_n which_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o treasurer_n and_o buy_v their_o bread_n by_o the_o day_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o provision_n have_v many_o special_a commodity_n which_o be_v not_o incident_a to_o our_o custom_n of_o victual_v for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o victualler_n shall_v follow_v a_o army_n upon_o a_o service_n in_o the_o enemy_n country_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o day_n together_o with_o sufficient_a provision_n for_o a_o army_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o general_n can_v attend_v advantage_n and_o fit_a opportunity_n which_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n be_v often_o offer_v but_o be_v force_v either_o to_o hazard_v the_o whole_a upon_o unequal_a term_n or_o to_o found_v a_o unwilling_a retreat_n and_o whereas_o the_o victualler_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n voluntary_a respect_v nothing_o but_o their_o gain_n and_o the_o soldier_n on_o the_o other_o side_n careless_a of_o the_o morrow_n and_o prodigal_a of_o the_o present_a in_o that_o turbulent_a marre-market_n where_o the_o seller_n have_v a_o eye_n only_o to_o his_o particular_a and_o the_o buyer_n respect_v neither_o the_o public_a good_a nor_o his_o private_a commodity_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v look_v for_o but_o famine_n and_o confusion_n whereas_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o manner_n of_o provision_n impose_v the_o general_a care_n of_o the_o public_a good_a upon_o the_o chief_a commander_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o provide_v store_n of_o corn_n for_o his_o army_n and_o the_o particular_a care_n upon_o every_o private_a soldier_n who_o it_o especial_o concern_v to_o see_v that_o the_o allowance_n which_o the_o commonweal_n have_v in_o plentiful_a manner_n give_v he_o for_o his_o maintenance_n may_v not_o be_v waste_v through_o negligence_n or_o prodigality_n which_o excellent_a order_n the_o nature_n of_o our_o victual_n will_v no_o way_n admit_v their_o province_n and_o the_o next_o confederate_a state_n furnish_v their_o army_n continual_o with_o corn_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o place_n that_o for_o provision_n of_o grain_n he_o depend_v altogether_o upon_o the_o hedui_n and_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o enemy_n country_n in_o the_o time_n of_o harvest_n the_o soldier_n go_v out_o to_o reap_v and_o gather_v corn_n and_o deliver_v it_o thresh_v and_o cleanse_v to_o the_o treasurer_n that_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v until_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n but_o to_o leave_v this_o fiugall_a and_o provident_a manner_n of_o provision_n as_o unpossible_a to_o be_v amitate_v by_o this_o age_n let_v we_o return_v to_o our_o history_n and_o see_v how_o the_o helvetian_o be_v lead_v by_o a_o probable_a error_n to_o their_o last_o overthrow_n chap._n vii_o the_o helvetian_o follow_v after_o caesar_n and_o overtake_v the_o rearward_n he_o imbattail_v his_o legion_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o give_v order_n for_o the_o battle_n whereof_o the_o enemy_n be_v advertise_v by_o certain_a fugitive_n of_o the_o troup_n of_o horse_n command_v by_o l._n emilius_n caesar_n present_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o think_v the_o roman_n do_v turn_v away_o for_o fear_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o day_n before_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o upper_a ground_n they_o refuse_v to_o sight_n or_o whether_o they_o think_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o from_o provision_n of_o corn_n they_o alter_v their_o purpose_n and_o turn_v back_o again_o begin_v to_o attack_v our_o man_n in_o the_o rear_n which_o caesar_n perceive_v draw_v his_o force_n to_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o send_v the_o cavalry_n
have_v receive_v great_a gift_n which_o favour_n fall_v but_o unto_o a_o few_o and_o be_v by_o the_o roman_n give_v only_o to_o man_n of_o great_a desert_n whereas_o he_o without_o any_o occasion_n of_o access_n unto_o they_o or_o other_o just_a cause_n on_o his_o behalf_n have_v obtain_v those_o honour_n through_o his_o courtesy_n and_o the_o bounty_n of_o the_o senate_n he_o show_v he_o further_o what_o ancient_a and_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o amity_n tie_v they_o so_o firm_a to_o the_o heduan_o what_o decree_n and_o order_n of_o senate_n have_v oftentimes_o be_v make_v in_o their_o favour_n and_o behoof_n that_o from_o all_o antiquity_n the_o heduanâ—_n have_v hold_v the_o principality_n of_o gallia_n and_o that_o long_o before_o they_o be_v in_o amity_n with_o the_o roman_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v always_o this_o 〈…〉_z not_o only_o to_o endeavour_v that_o their_o ally_n and_o confederate_n shall_v not_o lose_v any_o thing_n of_o their_o proper_a but_o also_o that_o they_o may_v increase_v in_o dignity_n and_o reputation_n and_o therefore_o who_o can_v endure_v to_o see_v that_o force_v from_o they_o which_o they_o quiet_o possess_v when_o they_o enter_v league_n with_o the_o roman_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o require_v the_o performance_n of_o such_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v former_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o his_o ambassador_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o make_v war_n either_o upon_o the_o heduan_o or_o their_o associate_n that_o he_o shall_v restore_v their_o hostage_n and_o if_o he_o can_v not_o return_v any_o part_n of_o the_o german_n back_o again_o over_o the_o rhine_n yet_o he_o shall_v forbear_v to_o bring_v any_o more_o into_o that_o country_n ariovistus_n make_v little_a answer_n to_o caesar_n demand_n but_o speak_v much_o of_o his_o own_o virtue_n and_o valour_n that_o he_o be_v come_v over_o the_o rhine_n not_o out_o of_o his_o own_o desire_n but_o at_o the_o mediation_n and_o entreaty_n of_o the_o gall_n that_o he_o have_v not_o leave_v his_o house_n and_o kindred_n but_o with_o great_a hope_n of_o high_a reward_n the_o possession_n he_o have_v in_o gallia_n be_v give_v he_o by_o themselves_o their_o hostage_n be_v voluntary_o deliver_v unto_o he_o he_o take_v tribute_n by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n which_o be_v such_o as_o conqueror_n may_v lay_v upon_o the_o vanquish_a he_o make_v no_o war_n upon_o the_o gall_n but_o the_o gall_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n come_v to_o fight_v against_o he_o and_o have_v put_v themselves_o into_o the_o field_n who_o force_n be_v in_o one_o battle_n all_o disperse_a and_o overthrow_v if_o they_o be_v desirous_a to_o make_v another_o trial_n he_o be_v ready_a to_o undertake_v they_o but_o if_o they_o will_v have_v peace_n it_o be_v a_o injury_n to_o retract_v that_o tribute_n which_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o have_v pay_v until_o that_o time_n he_o expect_v that_o the_o amity_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n shall_v be_v rather_o a_o honour_n and_o a_o safety_n than_o a_o loss_n unto_o he_o and_o that_o he_o have_v seek_v it_o to_o that_o end_n but_o if_o by_o their_o mean_n the_o tribute_n due_a unto_o he_o shall_v be_v retract_v he_o will_v as_o willing_o refuse_v their_o friendship_n as_o he_o have_v desire_v it_o in_o that_o he_o have_v bring_v so_o many_o german_n into_o gallia_n it_o be_v rather_o for_o his_o own_o defence_n then_o of_o any_o purpose_n to_o subdue_v the_o country_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o he_o have_v not_o come_v thither_o but_o upon_o entreaty_n and_o set_v no_o war_n on_o foot_n but_o for_o his_o own_o defence_n he_o be_v seat_v in_o gallia_n before_o the_o roman_n come_v thither_o neither_o have_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n before_o that_o time_n carry_v their_o army_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o province_n and_o therefore_o he_o know_v not_o what_o he_o mean_v to_o intrude_v himself_o into_o his_o possession_n this_o be_v his_o province_n of_o gallia_n as_o that_o be_v we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o command_v in_o our_o quarter_n so_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v that_o they_o shall_v disturb_v his_o government_n in_o that_o he_o allege_v the_o heduan_o be_v by_o decree_n of_o senate_n adopt_v into_o the_o amity_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n he_o be_v not_o so_o barbarous_a or_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o course_n of_o thing_n as_o to_o be_v ignorant_a that_o in_o the_o last_o war_n of_o the_o allobroges_n they_o be_v aid_v and_o assist_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o the_o quarrel_n the_o heduan_o have_v with_o the_o sequans_n the_o roman_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n assist_v unto_o they_o whereupon_o he_o have_v good_a occasion_n to_o suspect_v that_o caesar_n under_o pretence_n of_o league_n and_o amity_n keep_v his_o army_n in_o gallia_n for_o his_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n and_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o depart_v and_o withdraw_v his_o army_n out_o of_o those_o country_n he_o will_v no_o long_o take_v he_o for_o a_o friend_n but_o for_o a_o enemy_n and_o if_o his_o fortune_n be_v to_o stay_v he_o he_o shall_v perform_v a_o very_a acceptable_a service_n to_o many_o noble_a and_o chief_a man_n of_o rome_n as_o he_o have_v well_o understand_v by_o letter_n and_o messenger_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o they_o who_o favour_n and_o amity_n he_o shall_v purchase_v by_o take_v away_o his_o life_n but_o if_o he_o will_v depart_v and_o leave_v he_o the_o free_a possession_n of_o gallia_n he_o will_v gratify_v he_o with_o great_a reward_n and_o what_o war_n soever_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v undertake_v shall_v be_v go_v through_o withal_o without_o his_o peril_n or_o charge_n many_o thing_n be_v speak_v by_o caâ—sar_n to_o show_v why_o he_o can_v not_o desist_v from_o that_o course_n for_o neither_o be_v it_o his_o use_n nor_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n to_o forsake_v their_o well-deserving_a associate_n neither_o can_v he_o think_v that_o gallia_n do_v rather_o belong_v to_o ariovistus_n then_o the_o roman_n the_o arveâ—s_n and_o rutenes_n be_v in_o due_a course_n of_o war_n subdue_v by_o q._n fabius_n maximus_n who_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v pardon_v and_o not_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n or_o make_v they_o stipendiaries_n and_o if_o antiquity_n be_v look_v into_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v good_a claim_n to_o that_o country_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o intention_n and_o will_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v they_o shall_v remain_v a_o free_a people_n they_o be_v suffer_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o their_o own_o law_n and_o leave_v unto_o themselves_o notwithstanding_o any_o former_a conquest_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n whilst_o these_o thing_n be_v treat_v of_o in_o parley_n it_o be_v tell_v caesar_n that_o ariovistus_n horseman_n do_v approach_v near_o to_o the_o mount_n and_o that_o accost_v our_o man_n they_o assault_v they_o with_o stone_n and_o other_o weapon_n whereupon_o he_o break_v off_o and_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o party_n command_v they_o not_o to_o cast_v a_o weapon_n at_o the_o enemy_n for_o albeit_o he_o well_o perceive_v he_o may_v without_o peril_n of_o that_o elect_a legion_n give_v battle_n to_o his_o cavalry_n yet_o he_o think_v sit_v to_o refrain_v lest_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v he_o have_v entrap_v they_o with_o a_o parley_n contrary_a to_o faith_n make_v and_o agreement_n after_o it_o be_v report_v among_o the_o vulgar_a soldier_n how_o arrogant_o ariovistus_n have_v carry_v himself_o in_o the_o treaty_n forbid_v the_o roman_n to_o frequent_v any_o part_n of_o gallia_n and_o that_o their_o cavalry_n have_v assault_v our_o man_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o parley_n break_v off_o the_o army_n be_v possess_v with_o a_o great_a alacrity_n and_o desire_n to_o fight_v then_o before_o two_o day_n after_o ariovistus_n send_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n signify_v that_o he_o desire_v to_o treat_v with_o he_o concern_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v leave_v unperfect_a and_o thereupon_o will_v he_o to_o appoint_v another_o day_n of_o meeting_n or_o if_o he_o like_v not_o that_o to_o send_v some_o unto_o he_o with_o authority_n to_o conclude_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v find_v expedient_a caesar_n be_v unwilling_a to_o give_v any_o further_a meeting_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o day_n before_o the_o german_n can_v not_o be_v restrain_v from_o violence_n and_o force_n of_o arm_n neither_o do_v he_o think_v he_o may_v safe_o expose_v the_o person_n of_o any_o of_o his_o follower_n to_o the_o inhumanity_n of_o such_o barbarous_a people_n and_o therefore_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o send_v unto_o he_o m._n valerius_n procillus_n the_o son_n of_o c._n valerius_n caburius_n ae_z virtuous_a young_a man_n and_o well_o breed_v who_o father_n be_v make_v free_a of_o rome_n by_o c._n valer._n flaccus_n which_o he_o
for_o the_o bad_a beginning_n be_v not_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o good_a but_o of_o a_o evil_a end_n and_o therefore_o that_o his_o man_n may_v foresee_v a_o happy_a end_n in_o a_o good_a beginning_n it_o behove_v he_o with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o army_n to_o assault_v the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o last_o form_n be_v call_v gibbosa_n or_o gibbera_fw-la acies_fw-la when_o the_o battle_n be_v advance_v and_o the_o two_o cornet_n lag_v behind_o this_o form_n do_v hannibal_n use_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n but_o with_o this_o art_n that_o he_o strengthen_v his_o two_o cornet_n with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o soldier_n and_o place_v his_o weak_a in_o the_o midst_n that_o the_o roman_n follow_v the_o retreat_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o be_v easy_o repelld_v may_v be_v enclose_v on_o each_o side_n with_o the_o two_o cornet_n chap._n xx._n the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o ariovistus_n the_o sign_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v thereupon_o give_v caesar_n our_o man_n charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n very_o fierce_o and_o they_o on_o the_o otherside_n return_v so_o speedy_a a_o counterbuff_n that_o the_o legion_n have_v no_o time_n to_o cast_v their_o pile_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n make_v haste_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o sword_n but_o the_o german_n according_a to_o their_o manner_n put_v themselves_o into_o a_o phalanx_n receive_v the_o force_n of_o their_o sword_n in_o the_o battle_n there_o be_v many_o legionary_a soldier_n see_v to_o leap_v upon_o the_o phalanx_n and_o to_o pull_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n the_o target_n that_o cover_v it_o and_o so_o to_o wound_v and_o kill_v those_o that_o be_v underneath_o and_o so_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v overthrow_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n now_o while_o the_o right_a cornet_n be_v thus_o busy_v the_o left_a cornet_n be_v overcharge_v with_o a_o unequal_a multitude_n of_o the_o german_n which_o young_a crassus_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n no_o soon_o perceive_v have_v more_o scope_n and_o liberty_n than_o any_o of_o the_o commander_n that_o be_v in_o the_o battle_n but_o he_o send_v tertiam_fw-la aciem_fw-la the_o three_o battle_n to_o rescue_v and_o aid_v their_o fellow_n that_o be_v in_o danger_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o fight_n be_v renew_v and_o all_o the_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o never_o look_v back_o until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v about_o fifty_o mile_n from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o fight_v where_o some_o few_o of_o they_o save_v themselves_o by_o swim_v other_o find_v some_o boat_n and_o so_o escape_v ariovistus_n light_v upon_o a_o little_a bark_n tie_v to_o the_o shore_n recover_v the_o other_o side_n and_o so_o save_v himself_o the_o rest_n be_v all_o slay_v by_o the_o horseman_n ariovistus_n have_v two_o wife_n one_o a_o swevian_n who_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o from_o home_n and_o the_o other_o of_o norica_n the_o sister_n of_o king_n votion_n send_v unto_o he_o by_o her_o 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about_o their_o head_n and_o so_o to_o cast_v out_o the_o bullet_n virgil_n speak_v of_o mezentius_n say_v ipse_fw-la ter_z adducta_fw-la circum_fw-la caput_fw-la egit_fw-la habera_fw-fr he_o fetch_v the_o rein_n three_o time_n about_o his_o head_n but_o vegetius_n prefer_v that_o skill_n which_o cast_v the_o bullet_n with_o once_o turn_v it_o about_o the_o head_n in_o suidas_n we_o find_v that_o these_o baleares_n do_v common_o cast_v a_o stone_n of_o a_o pound_n weight_n which_o agree_v to_o these_o name_n in_o caesar_n fundas_fw-la librale_n the_o leaden_a bullet_n be_v mention_v by_o sallust_n in_o the_o war_n with_o jugurth_n and_o by_o livy_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o consul_n provide_v great_a store_n of_o arrow_n of_o bullet_n and_o of_o small_a stone_n to_o be_v cast_v with_o sling_n this_o weapon_n be_v in_o request_n among_o divers_a nation_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o readiness_n and_o easy_a reiterate_n of_o the_o blow_n as_o also_o for_o that_o the_o 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reason_n motion_n say_v he_o do_v extenuate_v the_o air_n and_o that_o extenuation_n or_o subtlety_n do_v inflame_v and_o so_o a_o bullet_n caâ—â—_n out_o of_o a_o sling_n melt_v as_o it_o fly_v but_o howsoever_o diodorus_n siculus_n affirm_v that_o these_o balearean_a slinger_n break_v both_o target_n head-piece_n or_o any_o other_o armour_n whatsoever_o there_o be_v also_o two_o other_o sort_n of_o sling_n the_o one_o mention_v by_o livy_n and_o the_o other_o by_o vegetius_n that_o in_o livy_n be_v call_v cestrophendo_n which_o cast_v a_o short_a arrow_n with_o a_o long_a thick_a head_n the_o other_o in_o vegetius_n be_v call_v fustibalus_n which_o be_v a_o sling_n make_v of_o a_o cord_n and_o a_o staff_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v for_o sling_n and_o slinger_n which_o be_v reckon_v among_o their_o light-armed_n soldier_n and_o use_v chief_o in_o assault_v and_o defend_v town_n and_o fortress_n where_o the_o heavy-armed_n soldier_n can_v not_o come_v to_o buckle_v and_o present_v the_o place_n of_o our_o harquebusier_n which_o in_o their_o proper_a nature_n be_v levis_fw-la armature_n milites_fw-la light-armed_n soldier_n although_o more_o terrible_a than_o those_o of_o ancient_a time_n chap._n v._n caesar_n confront_v the_o belgae_n in_o form_n of_o battle_n but_o without_o any_o blow_n give_v the_o belgae_n attempt_v the_o pass_n of_o the_o river_n axona_n but_o in_o vain_a and_o to_o their_o loss_n they_o consult_v of_o break_v up_o the_o war_n caesar_n at_o the_o first_o resolve_v not_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n 〈◊〉_d as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o multitude_n as_o the_o general_a fame_n and_o opinion_n conceive_v of_o their_o valour_n notwithstanding_o he_o daily_o make_v trial_n by_o light_a skirmish_n with_o his_o horseman_n what_o the_o enemy_n can_v do_v and_o what_o his_o own_o man_n dare_v do_v and_o when_o he_o find_v that_o his_o own_o man_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o the_o belgae_n he_o choose_v a_o convenient_a place_n before_o his_o camp_n and_o put_v his_o army_n in_o battle_n the_o bank_n where_o he_o be_v encamp_v rise_v somewhat_o from_o a_o plain_a level_n be_v no_o large_a than_o will_v suffice_v the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o two_o side_n be_v steep_a and_o the_o front_n rise_v aslope_o by_o little_a and_o little_a until_o it_o come_v again_o to_o a_o plain_a where_o the_o legion_n be_v imbattel_v and_o lest_o the_o enemy_n abound_v in_o multitude_n shall_v circumvent_v his_o man_n and_o charge_v they_o in_o the_o flank_n as_o they_o be_v fight_v which_o they_o may_v easy_o do_v with_o their_o number_n he_o draw_v a_o overthwart_a ditch_n behind_o his_o army_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n to_o the_o other_o six_o hundred_o pace_n in_o length_n the_o end_n whereof_o he_o fortify_v with_o bulwark_n and_o place_v therein_o store_n of_o engine_n and_o leave_v in_o his_o camp_n the_o two_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v last_o enroll_v in_o lombardy_n that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o be_v draw_v forth_o when_o there_o shall_v need_v any_o succour_n he_o imbattel_v his_o other_o six_o legion_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o hill_n before_o his_o camp_n the_o belgae_n also_o bring_v forth_o their_o power_n confront_v the_o roman_n in_o order_n of_o battle_n i_o here_o lay_v between_o both_o the_o army_n a_o small_a marish_a over_o which_o the_o enemy_n expect_v that_o caesar_n shall_v have_v pass_v and_o caesar_n on_o the_o other_o side_n attend_v to_o see_v if_o the_o belgae_n will_v come_v over_o that_o his_o man_n may_v have_v charge_v they_o in_o that_o troublesome_a passage_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o cavalry_n on_o both_o side_n encounter_v between_o the_o two_o battle_n and_o after_o long_a expectation_n on_o either_o side_n neither_o party_n adventure_v to_o pass_v over_o caesar_n have_v get_v the_o better_a in_o the_o skirmish_n between_o the_o horseman_n think_v it_o sufficient_a for_o that_o time_n both_o for_o the_o encourage_n of_o his_o own_o man_n and_o the_o contest_a of_o so_o great_a a_o army_n and_o therefore_o he_o convey_v all_o his_o man_n again_o into_o their_o camp_n from_o that_o place_n the_o enemy_n immediate_o take_v his_o way_n to_o the_o river_n axona_n which_o lie_v behind_o the_o roman_n camp_n and_o there_o find_v ford_n they_o attempt_v to_o pass_v over_o part_n of_o their_o force_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v either_o take_v the_o fortress_n which_o q._n titurius_n keep_v or_o break_v down_o the_o bridge_n or_o spoil_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o state_n of_o rheims_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o roman_n from_o provision_n of_o corn_n caesar_n have_v advertisement_n thereof_o from_o titurius_n transport_v over_o the_o river_n by_o the_o bridge_n all_o his_o horseman_n and_o light-armed_n numidian_n with_o his_o slinger_n and_o archer_n and_o march_v with_o they_o himself_o the_o conflict_n be_v hot_a in_o that_o place_n the_o roman_n charge_v their_o enemy_n as_o they_o be_v trouble_v in_o the_o water_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o the_o rest_n like_o desperate_a person_n adventure_v to_o pass_v over_o upon_o the_o dead_a carcase_n of_o their_o fellow_n be_v beat_v back_o by_o force_n of_o weapon_n and_o the_o horseman_n encompass_v such_o as_o have_v first_o get_v over_o the_o water_n and_o slay_v every_o man_n of_o they_o when_o the_o belgae_n perceive_v themselves_o frustrate_v of_o their_o hope_n of_o win_a bibrax_n of_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o of_o draw_v the_o roman_n into_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o that_o their_o own_o provision_n begin_v to_o fail_v they_o they_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n wherein_o they_o resolve_v that_o it_o be_v best_a for_o the_o state_n in_o general_a and_o for_o every_o man_n in_o particular_a to_o break_v up_o their_o camp_n and_o to_o return_v home_o unto_o their_o own_o house_n and_o into_o who_o confine_n or_o territory_n soever_o the_o roman_n shall_v first_o enter_v to_o depopulate_v and_o waste_v they_o in_o hostile_a manner_n that_o thither_o they_o shall_v hasten_v from_o all_o part_n and_o there_o give_v they_o battle_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v rather_o try_v the_o matter_n in_o their_o own_o country_n than_o abroad_o in_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a place_n and_o have_v their_o own_o household_n provision_n always_o at_o hand_n to_o maintain_v they_o and_o this_o the_o rather_o be_v conclude_v for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v intelligence_n that_o divitiacus_n with_o a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o hedui_n approach_v near_o to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o bellovaci_n who_o in_o that_o regard_n make_v haste_n homeward_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o art_n which_o he_o use_v to_o countervail_v the_o strength_n of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n by_o choose_v out_o so_o convenient_a a_o place_n which_o be_v no_o broad_a in_o front_n then_o will_v
suffice_v the_o front_n of_o his_o battle_n and_o have_v both_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n so_o steep_a that_o the_o enemy_n can_v not_o ascend_v nor_o climb_v up_o but_o to_o their_o own_o overthrow_n he_o make_v the_o backpart_n of_o the_o hill_n strong_a by_o art_n and_o so_o place_v his_o soldier_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o gate_n of_o a_o fortress_n where_o they_o may_v either_o issue_n out_o or_o retire_v at_o their_o pleasure_n whereby_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o he_o prefer_v security_n and_o safety_n before_o the_o vain_a opinion_n of_o foolhardy_a resolution_n which_o savour_v of_o barbarism_n rather_o than_o of_o true_a wisdom_n for_o he_o ever_o think_v it_o great_a gain_n to_o loose_v nothing_o and_o the_o day_n bring_v always_o good_a fortune_n that_o deliver_v up_o the_o army_n safe_a unto_o the_o evening_n attend_v until_o advantage_n have_v lay_v sure_a principle_n of_o victory_n and_o yet_o caesar_n be_v never_o think_v a_o coward_n and_o now_o it_o appear_v what_o use_n he_o make_v by_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n and_o attend_v the_o enemy_n on_o the_o further_a side_n rather_o than_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o state_n of_o rheims_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o whatsoever_o the_o enemy_n shall_v attempt_v in_o any_o part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o land_n his_o force_n be_v ready_a to_o trouble_v their_o proceed_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o their_o attempt_n of_o bibrax_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o lose_v not_o the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v slaughter_n of_o they_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n for_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o bridge_n which_o he_o have_v fortify_v he_o transport_v what_o force_n he_o will_v to_o make_v head_n against_o they_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o and_o so_o he_o take_v what_o advantage_n either_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v afford_v he_o the_o second_o observation_n and_o here_o the_o reader_n may_v not_o marvel_n if_o when_o the_o hill_n be_v in_o labour_n they_o bring_v forth_o but_o a_o mouse_n for_o how_o soon_o be_v the_o courage_n of_o this_o huge_a army_n abate_v or_o what_o do_v it_o attempt_v worthy_a such_o a_o multitude_n or_o answerable_a to_o the_o report_n which_o be_v bruit_v of_o their_o valour_n but_o be_v hasty_o carry_v together_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o passion_n be_v as_o quick_o disperse_v upon_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n which_o be_v no_o strange_a effect_n of_o a_o sudden_a humour_n for_o as_o in_o nature_n all_o violent_a motion_n be_v of_o short_a continuance_n and_o the_o durability_n or_o last_a quality_n of_o all_o action_n proceed_v from_o a_o slow_a and_o temperate_a progression_n so_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o untemperate_a violence_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o heat_n and_o passion_n do_v vanish_v away_o even_o with_o the_o smoke_n thereof_o and_o bring_v forth_o nothing_o but_o leasurable_a repentance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o ill_a counsel_n for_o man_n of_o such_o nature_n to_o qualify_v their_o hasty_a resolution_n with_o a_o mistrustful_a linger_a that_o when_o their_o judgement_n be_v well_o inform_v of_o the_o cause_n they_o may_v proceed_v to_o a_o speedy_a execution_n but_o that_o which_o most_o bewray_v their_o indiscreet_a intemperance_n in_o the_o hot_a pursuit_n of_o this_o enterprise_n be_v that_o before_o they_o have_v scarce_o see_v the_o enemy_n or_o have_v opportunity_n to_o contest_v he_o in_o open_a field_n their_o victual_n begin_v to_o fail_v they_o for_o their_o mind_n be_v so_o carry_v away_o with_o the_o conceit_n of_o war_n that_o they_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o provide_v such_o necessary_n as_o be_v the_o strength_n and_o sinew_n of_o the_o war_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o every_o particular_a man_n to_o be_v know_v for_o a_o soldier_n in_o so_o honourable_a a_o action_n refer_v other_o matter_n to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o state_n the_o state_n in_o like_a manner_n think_v it_o enough_o to_o furnish_v out_o forty_o or_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n apiece_o to_o discharge_v their_o oath_n and_o to_o save_v their_o hostage_n commit_v other_o requisite_n to_o the_o general_a care_n of_o the_o confederacy_n which_o be_v direct_v by_o as_o unskilful_a governor_n never_o look_v further_a than_o the_o present_a multitude_n which_o seem_v sufficient_a to_o overthrow_v the_o roman_a empire_n and_o thus_o each_o man_n rely_v upon_o another_o care_n and_o satisfy_v himself_o with_o the_o present_a garb_n so_o many_o man_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o quality_n so_o many_o helmet_n and_o plume_a crest_n such_o strife_n and_o emulation_n what_o state_n shall_v seem_v in_o great_a forwardness_n be_v motive_n sufficient_a to_o induce_v every_o man_n to_o go_v without_o further_a inquiry_n how_o they_o shall_v go_v and_o herein_o the_o care_n of_o a_o general_n ought_v especial_o to_o be_v see_v consider_v the_o weakness_n of_o particular_a judgement_n that_o have_v the_o life_n of_o so_o many_o man_n depend_v altogether_o upon_o his_o providence_n and_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o state_n and_o country_n he_o do_v not_o fail_v in_o these_o main_a point_n of_o discipline_n which_o be_v the_o pillar_n of_o all_o warlike_a design_n to_o conclude_v this_o point_n let_v we_o learn_v by_o their_o error_n so_o to_o carry_v a_o matter_n especial_o of_o that_o consequence_n that_o we_o make_v it_o not_o much_o worse_a by_o ill_o handle_v it_o than_o it_o be_v before_o we_o first_o take_v it_o to_o our_o charge_n as_o it_o here_o happen_v to_o the_o belgae_n for_o their_o tumultuous_a arm_n sort_v to_o no_o other_o end_n then_o to_o give_v caesar_n just_a occasion_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o with_o such_o assurance_n of_o victory_n that_o he_o make_v small_a account_n of_o that_o which_o be_v to_o follow_v in_o regard_n of_o that_o which_o have_v already_o happen_v consider_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o in_o all_o likelihood_n meet_v with_o the_o like_a strength_n again_o in_o the_o continuance_n of_o that_o war_n and_o this_o be_v not_o only_a gravius_fw-la bellum_fw-la successori_fw-la tradere_fw-la to_o leave_v a_o more_o considerable_a war_n unto_o his_o successor_n as_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o course_n of_o a_o long_a continue_a war_n but_o to_o draw_v a_o dangerous_a war_n upon_o their_o head_n that_o otherwise_o may_v have_v live_v in_o peace_n chap._n vi_o the_o belgae_n break_v up_o their_o camp_n and_o as_o they_o return_v home_o be_v chase_v and_o slaughter_a by_o the_o roman_n this_o general_a resolution_n be_v entertain_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a council_n of_o war_n caesar_n in_o the_o second_o watch_n they_o depart_v out_o of_o their_o camp_n with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o tumult_n without_o any_o order_n as_o it_o seem_v or_o government_n every_o man_n press_v to_o be_v foremost_a on_o his_o journey_n and_o to_o be_v first_o at_o home_n in_o such_o a_o turbulent_a manner_n that_o they_o seem_v all_o to_o run_v away_o whereof_o caesar_n have_v notice_n by_o his_o spy_n and_o mistrust_v some_o practice_n not_o as_o yet_o perceive_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o departure_n he_o keep_v his_o army_n within_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o dawn_n of_o the_o day_n upon_o certain_a intelligence_n of_o their_o departure_n he_o send_v first_o his_o horseman_n under_o q._n pedius_n and_o l._n aurunculcius_fw-la cotta_n two_o legate_n to_o stay_v the_o rearward_n command_v labienus_n to_o follow_v after_o with_o three_o legion_n these_o overtake_v the_o belgae_n and_o chase_v they_o many_o mile_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o while_o the_o rearward_n staâ—ed_v and_o valiant_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o vanguard_n be_v out_o of_o danger_n and_o under_o no_o government_n assoon_o as_o they_o head_n the_o alarm_n behind_o they_o break_v out_o of_o their_o rank_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n and_o so_o the_o roman_n slay_v they_o as_o long_o as_o the_o sun_n give_v they_o light_n to_o pursue_v they_o and_o then_o sound_v a_o retreat_n they_o return_v to_o their_o camp_n observation_n it_o have_v be_v a_o old_a rule_n among_o soldier_n that_o a_o great_a and_o negligent_a error_n commit_v by_o a_o enemy_n be_v to_o be_v suspect_v as_o a_o pretence_n to_o treachery_n we_o read_v of_o fulvius_n a_o legate_n in_o the_o roman_a army_n lie_v in_o tuscâ—nie_n the_o consul_n be_v go_v to_o rome_n to_o perform_v some_o public_a duty_n the_o tuscan_n take_v occasion_n by_o his_o absence_n to_o try_v whether_o they_o can_v draw_v the_o roman_n into_o any_o inconvenience_n and_o place_v a_o ambuscado_n near_o unto_o their_o camp_n send_v certain_a soldier_n attire_v like_o shepherd_n with_o drove_n of_o cattle_n to_o pass_v in_o view_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n who_o handle_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o they_o
therefore_o it_o be_v call_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la or_o a_o square_a march_n inasmuch_o as_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o disposition_n of_o part_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o quadrata_fw-la acie_n in_o a_o square_a body_n for_o that_o triple_a form_n of_o embattle_v which_o the_o roman_n general_o observe_v in_o their_o fight_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o distance_n between_o each_o battle_n contain_v almost_o a_o equal_a dimension_n of_o front_n and_o file_v and_o so_o it_o make_v aciem_fw-la quadratam_fw-la a_o square_a body_n and_o when_o it_o march_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la a_o square_a march_n polybius_n express_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n 6._o as_o often_o as_o the_o place_n require_v circumspection_n but_o alter_v it_o somewhat_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o carriage_n for_o he_o say_v that_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o where_o the_o country_n be_v plain_a and_o champain_n and_o give_v space_n and_o free_a scope_n to_o clear_v themselves_o upon_o any_o accident_n the_o roman_n march_v in_o a_o triple_a battle_n of_o equal_a distance_n one_o behind_o another_o every_o battle_n have_v his_o several_a carriage_n in_o front_n and_o if_o they_o be_v by_o chance_n attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o turn_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n either_o to_o the_o right_n of_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o place_v their_o carriage_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o their_o army_n they_o stand_v imbattel_v ready_a to_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o contrary_a form_n of_o march_v where_o the_o place_n afford_v more_o security_n and_o give_v scope_n to_o conveniency_n longum_fw-la they_o name_v agmen_fw-la longum_fw-la a_o long_a march_n or_o train_n when_o almost_o every_o maniple_n or_o order_n have_v their_o several_a carriage_n attend_v upon_o they_o and_o strive_v to_o keep_v that_o way_n which_o they_o find_v most_o easy_a both_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o impediment_n which_o order_n of_o march_n as_o it_o be_v more_o commodious_a than_o the_o former_a in_o regard_n of_o particularity_n so_o be_v it_o unsafe_a and_o dangerous_a where_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v gall._n and_o therefore_o caesar_n much_o blame_v sabinus_n and_o cotta_n for_o march_v when_o they_o be_v delude_v by_o ambiorix_n longissimo_fw-la agmine_fw-la in_o a_o very_a long_a train_n as_o though_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o advertisement_n from_o a_o friend_n and_o not_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o albeit_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v far_o different_a in_o quality_n from_o they_o of_o ancient_a time_n war_n yet_o in_o this_o point_n of_o discipline_n they_o can_v have_v a_o more_o perfect_a direction_n then_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n observe_v as_o the_o two_o pole_n of_o their_o motion_n safety_n and_o conveniency_n whereof_o the_o first_o depend_v chief_o upon_o the_o provident_a disposition_n of_o the_o leader_n and_o the_o other_o will_v easy_o follow_v on_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o every_o particular_a shall_v give_v occasion_n concern_v safety_n in_o place_n of_o danger_n what_o better_a course_n can_v be_v take_v then_o that_o manner_n of_o imbattel_v which_o shall_v be_v think_v most_o convenient_a if_o a_o enemy_n be_v present_a to_o confront_v they_o for_o a_o well-ordered_a march_n must_v either_o carry_v the_o perfect_a form_n of_o a_o battle_n or_o contain_v the_o distinct_a principle_n and_o element_n thereof_o that_o with_o little_a alteration_n it_o may_v receive_v that_o perfection_n of_o strength_n which_o the_o fit_a disposition_n can_v afford_v it_o first_o therefore_o a_o prudent_a and_o circumspect_a leader_n that_o desire_v to_o frame_v a_o strong_a and_o orderly_o march_v be_v diligent_o to_o observe_v the_o nature_n and_o use_n of_o each_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o may_v be_v place_v for_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o different_a and_o concur_v quality_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v manage_v and_o this_o knowledge_n will_v consequent_o infer_v the_o best_a and_o exact_a disposition_n of_o imbattel_v as_o the_o say_a force_n be_v capable_a of_o which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o march_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v alter_v but_o if_o this_o exactness_n of_o imbattel_v will_v not_o admit_v convenient_a carriage_n of_o such_o necessary_a adjunct_n as_o pertain_v to_o a_o army_n the_o inconvenience_n be_v to_o be_v relieve_v with_o as_o little_a alteration_n from_o that_o rule_n as_o in_o a_o wary_a judgement_n shall_v be_v find_v expedient_a that_o albeit_o the_o form_n be_v somewhat_o change_v yet_o the_o principle_n and_o ground_n wherein_o their_o strength_n and_o safety_n consist_v may_v still_o be_v retain_v neither_o can_v any_o man_n well_o descend_v to_o more_o particular_a precept_n in_o this_o point_n he_o may_v exemplify_v the_o practice_n of_o many_o great_a and_o experience_a commander_n what_o sort_n of_o weapon_n march_v in_o front_n and_o what_o in_o the_o rearward_n in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o army_n the_o munition_n march_v and_o where_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o carriage_n be_v bestow_v according_a as_o their_o several_a judgement_n think_v most_o expedient_a in_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o their_o occurrence_n but_o the_o issue_n of_o all_o will_v fall_v out_o thus_o that_o he_o that_o observe_v this_o rule_n before_o prescribe_v do_v seldom_o miscarry_v through_o a_o unsafe_a march_n let_v a_o good_a martia_n list_v well_o know_v their_o proper_a use_n in_o that_o diversity_n of_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o be_v serviceable_a or_o disadvantageous_a in_o this_o or_o that_o place_n against_o such_o or_o such_o a_o enemy_n and_o he_o will_v speedy_o order_v his_o battle_n dispose_v of_o his_o march_n and_o bestow_v his_o carriage_n as_o shall_v best_o fall_v out_o both_o for_o his_o safety_n and_o conveniency_n caesar_n custom_n be_v to_o send_v his_o cavalry_n and_o light-armed_n footman_n before_o the_o body_n of_o his_o army_n both_o to_o discover_v and_o impeach_v a_o enemy_n for_o these_o troop_n be_v nimble_a in_o motion_n and_o fit_a for_o such_o service_n but_o if_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a in_o the_o rearward_n then_o in_o the_o front_n the_o horseman_n march_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o army_n and_o give_v security_n where_o there_o be_v most_o cause_n of_o fear_n but_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v find_v unfit_a to_o make_v good_a the_o service_n in_o that_o place_n as_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o and_o especial_o in_o africa_n against_o the_o numidian_n he_o than_o remove_v they_o as_o he_o best_o find_v it_o convenient_a and_o bring_v his_o legionary_a soldier_n which_o be_v the_o sinew_n and_o strength_n of_o his_o force_n and_o march_v continual_o in_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o army_n to_o make_v good_a that_o which_o his_o horseman_n can_v not_o perform_v and_o thus_o he_o alter_v the_o antique_a prescription_n and_o uniformity_n of_o custom_n according_a as_o he_o find_v himself_o best_a able_a to_o disadvantage_n a_o enemy_n or_o make_v way_n to_o victory_n chap._n ix_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o nervii_n caesar_n make_v haste_n to_o prepare_v his_o force_n to_o battle_n the_o roman_a horseman_n caesar_n with_o the_o slinger_n and_o archer_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n and_o encounter_v the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o at_o first_o retire_v back_o to_o their_o company_n in_o the_o wood_n and_o from_o thence_o sally_v out_o again_o upon_o they_o but_o the_o roman_n dare_v not_o pursue_v they_o further_o than_o the_o plain_a and_o open_a ground_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o six_o legion_n that_o be_v in_o front_n have_v their_o work_n measure_v out_o unto_o they_o begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o neâ—vii_n perceive_v their_o former_a carriage_n to_o be_v come_v in_o sight_n which_o be_v the_o time_n appoint_v among_o they_o to_o give_v the_o charge_n as_o they_o stand_v imbattel_v within_o the_o thicket_n so_o they_o rush_v out_o with_o all_o their_o force_n and_o assault_v the_o roman_a horseman_n which_o be_v easy_o beat_v back_o the_o nervii_n run_v down_o to_o the_o river_n with_o such_o a_o incredible_a swiftness_n that_o they_o seem_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n to_o be_v in_o the_o wood_n at_o the_o river_n and_o charge_v the_o legion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o with_o the_o same_o violence_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n they_o run_v up_o the_o hill_n to_o the_o roman_a camp_n where_o the_o soldier_n be_v busy_v in_o their_o entrenchment_n caesar_n have_v all_o part_n to_o play_v at_o one_o instant_a the_o flag_n to_o be_v hang_v out_o by_o which_o they_o give_v the_o soldier_n warning_n to_o take_v arm_n the_o battle_n to_o be_v proclaim_v by_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n the_o soldier_n to_o be_v recall_v from_o their_o work_n and_o such_o as_o be_v go_v far_o
which_o be_v plant_v engine_n of_o defence_n as_o balistae_fw-la catapulta_fw-la tolenones_n and_o such_o like_a the_o roman_n have_v their_o summer_n camp_n which_o they_o term_v aestiva_fw-la and_o their_o winter_n camp_n which_o they_o call_v hiberna_fw-la aestiva_fw-la or_o hibernacula_n their_o summer_n camp_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n difference_v according_a to_o the_o time_n which_o they_o continue_v in_o they_o for_o if_o they_o remain_v in_o a_o place_n but_o a_o night_n or_o two_o they_o call_v they_o castra_n or_o mansiones_fw-la but_o if_o they_o continue_v in_o they_o any_o long_a time_n they_o call_v they_o aestivas_fw-la or_o sedes_fw-la and_o these_o be_v more_o absolute_a as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o tent_n as_o of_o their_o fortification_n than_o the_o former_a wherein_o they_o stay_v but_o one_o night_n the_o other_o which_o they_o call_v hiberna_fw-la have_v great_a labour_n and_o cost_v bestow_v upon_o they_o hiberna_fw-la that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o winter_n season_n of_o these_o we_o read_v that_o the_o tent_n be_v either_o thatch_v with_o straw_n or_o roof_v with_o board_n and_o that_o they_o have_v their_o armoury_n hospital_n and_o other_o public_a house_n these_o camp_n have_v be_v the_o beginning_n of_o many_o famous_a town_n especial_o when_o they_o continue_v long_o in_o a_o place_n as_o oftentimes_o they_o do_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o euphrates_n danow_n and_o the_o rhine_n the_o order_n which_o they_o always_o observe_v in_o lay_v out_o their_o camp_n be_v so_o uniform_a and_o well_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n that_o when_o the_o centurion_n have_v limit_v out_o every_o part_n and_o mark_v it_o with_o different_a ensign_n and_o colour_n the_o soldier_n enter_v into_o it_o as_o into_o a_o know_a and_o familiar_a city_n wherein_o every_o society_n or_o small_a contubernie_n know_v the_o place_n of_o his_o lodging_n and_o which_o be_v more_o every_o particular_a man_n can_v assign_v the_o proper_a station_n of_o every_o company_n throughout_o the_o whole_a army_n the_o use_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o encamp_a i_o bries_o touch_v in_o my_o first_o book_n encamp_a but_o if_o i_o be_v worthy_a any_o way_n to_o commend_v the_o excellency_n thereof_o to_o our_o modern_a soldier_n or_o able_a by_o persuasion_n to_o restablish_v the_o use_n of_o encamp_v in_o our_o war_n i_o will_v spare_v no_o pain_n to_o achieve_v so_o great_a a_o good_a and_o vaunt_v more_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o negligence_n then_o if_o myself_o have_v compass_v a_o new-found-out_a mean_n and_o yet_o reason_n will_v deem_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o small_a difficulty_n to_o gain_v a_o point_n of_o such_o worth_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o man_n especial_o when_o my_o discourse_n shall_v present_v security_n to_o our_o force_n and_o honour_n to_o our_o leader_n majesty_n to_o our_o army_n and_o terror_n to_o our_o enemy_n wonderment_n to_o stranger_n and_o victory_n to_o our_o nation_n but_o sloth_n have_v such_o interest_n in_o this_o age_n that_o it_o commend_v vainglory_n and_o fool-hardinesse_n contempt_n of_o virtue_n and_o derison_n of_o good_a discipline_n to_o repugn_v the_o design_n of_o honour_n and_o so_o far_o to_o overmalâ—â—reason_n that_o it_o suffer_v not_o former_a harm_n to_o bear_v witness_n against_o error_n nor_o correct_v the_o ill_a achievement_n of_o ill_a direction_n and_o therefore_o cease_v to_o urge_v this_o point_n any_o further_a i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o careful_a respect_n of_o the_o wise_a the_o second_o observation_n the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o sudden_a assault_n so_o disturb_v the_o ceremony_n which_o the_o roman_a discipline_n observe_v battle_n to_o make_v the_o soldier_n true_o apprehend_v the_o weight_n and_o importance_n of_o that_o action_n which_o may_v cast_v upon_o their_o state_n either_o sovereignty_n or_o bondage_n that_o they_o be_v all_o for_o the_o most_o partomit_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v here_o note_v under_o these_o title_n the_o first_o be_v vexillum_fw-la proponendum_fw-la quod_fw-la erat_fw-la insigne_fw-la cum_fw-la ad_fw-la arma_fw-la concurri_fw-la oporteret_fw-la the_o hang_v out_o the_o flag_n which_o be_v the_o sign_n for_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n for_o when_o the_o general_n have_v determine_v to_o fight_v he_o cause_v a_o scarlet_a coat_n or_o red_a flag_n to_o be_v hang_v out_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o his_o tent_n that_o by_o it_o the_o soldier_n may_v be_v warn_v to_o prepare_v themselves_o for_o the_o battle_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o warning_n they_o have_v which_o by_o a_o silent_a aspect_n present_v blood_n and_o execution_n to_o their_o eye_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o work_v out_o their_o own_o safety_n and_o purchase_v eternal_a honour_n the_o second_o be_v signum_fw-la tuba_fw-la dandum_fw-la the_o proclaim_v the_o battle_n by_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n this_o warning_n be_v a_o noise_n of_o many_o trumpet_n which_o they_o term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o classicuma_fw-la calando_fw-la which_o signify_v call_v for_o after_o the_o eye_n be_v fill_v with_o species_n suitable_a to_o the_o matter_n intend_v they_o then_o haste_v to_o possess_v the_o ear_n and_o by_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v to_o stir_v up_o warlike_a motion_n and_o fill_v they_o with_o resolute_a thought_n that_o no_o diffident_a or_o base_a conceit_n may_v take_v hold_n of_o their_o mind_n the_o three_o be_v milites_fw-la cohortandi_fw-la the_o encourage_n of_o the_o soldier_n for_o it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o confirm_v this_o valour_n with_o motive_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o strength_n and_o perfection_n of_o all_o such_o motion_n the_o use_n and_o benefit_n whereof_o i_o somewhat_o enlarge_v in_o the_o helvetian_a war_n and_o can_v afford_v much_o more_o labour_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o commodity_n of_o this_o part_n if_o my_o speech_n may_v carry_v credit_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o soldier_n or_o be_v think_v worthy_a regard_n to_o man_n so_o much_o addict_v to_o their_o own_o fashion_n the_o last_o be_v signum_fw-la dandum_fw-la the_o sign_n give_v which_o as_o some_o think_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o word_n by_o which_o they_o may_v distinguish_v and_o know_v themselves_o from_o their_o enemy_n hirtius_n in_o the_o war_n of_o africa_n say_v that_o caesar_n give_v the_o word_n felicity_n brutus_n and_o cassius_n give_v liberty_n other_o have_v give_v virtus_n deus_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la triumphus_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la and_o such_o like_a word_n as_o may_v be_v ominous_a to_o a_o good_a success_n beside_o these_o particularity_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o delivery_n give_v a_o great_a grace_n to_o the_o matter_n and_o that_o be_v distinguish_v by_o time_n and_o cue_n whereof_o caesar_n now_o complain_v that_o all_o these_o be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o one_o instant_a of_o time_n for_o without_o all_o controversy_n there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o such_o consequence_n in_o itself_o but_o may_v be_v much_o grace_v with_o ceremony_n and_o compliment_n which_o like_a officer_n or_o attendant_n add_v much_o respect_n and_o majesty_n to_o the_o action_n which_o otherwise_o be_v but_o bare_o present_v appear_v far_o mean_a and_o of_o less_o regard_n chap._n x._o the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o the_o nervii_n in_o these_o difficulty_n two_o thing_n be_v a_o help_n to_o the_o roman_n caesar_n the_o one_o be_v the_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o the_o soldier_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o practice_n in_o former_a battle_n they_o can_v as_o well_o prescribe_v unto_o themselves_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v as_o any_o other_o commander_n can_v teach_v they_o the_o other_o be_v that_o notwithstanding_o caesar_n have_v give_v commandment_n to_o every_o legate_n not_o to_o leave_v the_o work_n or_o forsake_v the_o legion_n until_o the_o fortification_n be_v perfect_v yet_o when_o they_o see_v extremity_n of_o danger_n they_o attend_v no_o countermand_n from_o caesar_n but_o order_v all_o thing_n as_o it_o seem_v best_a to_o their_o own_o discretion_n caesar_n have_v command_v such_o thing_n as_o he_o think_v necessary_a run_v hasty_o to_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n and_o by_o fortune_n come_v to_o the_o ten_o legion_n where_o he_o use_v no_o further_a speech_n then_o that_o they_o shall_v remember_v their_o ancient_a valour_n have_v courageous_a heart_n and_o valiant_o withstand_v the_o brunt_n of_o their_o enemy_n word_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v no_o further_o off_o than_o a_o weapon_n may_v be_v cast_v to_o encounter_v they_o he_o give_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o battle_n and_o hasten_v from_o thence_o to_o another_o quarter_n he_o find_v they_o already_o close_v and_o at_o the_o encounter_n for_o the_o time_n be_v so_o short_a and_o the_o enemy_n so_o violent_a that_o they_o want_v leisure_n to_o put_v on_o their_o headpiece_n or_o to_o uncase_v their_o target_n so_o that_o what_o part_n they_o light_v into_o from_o their_o work_n or_o what_o ensign_n they_o
first_o meet_v withal_o there_o they_o stay_v lest_o in_o seek_v out_o their_o own_o company_n they_o shall_v lose_v that_o time_n as_o be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o fight_v the_o army_n be_v imbattel_v rather_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n the_o declivity_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o brevity_n of_o time_n then_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n as_o the_o legion_n encounter_v the_o enemy_n in_o divers_a place_n at_o once_o the_o perfect_a view_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v hinder_v by_o those_o thick_a hedge_n before_o speak_v of_o there_o can_v no_o succour_n be_v place_v any_o where_o neither_o can_v any_o man_n see_v what_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v do_v and_o therefore_o in_o so_o great_a uncertainty_n of_o thing_n there_o happen_v divers_a casualty_n of_o fortune_n the_o soldier_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o ten_o legion_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o army_n cast_v their_o pile_n with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o hill_n do_v drive_v the_o atrebates_n breathless_a with_o run_v and_o wound_v in_o the_o encounter_n down_o into_o the_o river_n and_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o water_n slay_v many_o of_o they_o with_o their_o sword_n neither_o do_v they_o stick_v to_o follow_v after_o they_o over_o the_o river_n and_o adventure_v into_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v renew_v again_o by_o the_o enemy_n they_o put_v they_o to_o flight_v the_o second_o time_n in_o like_a manner_n two_o other_o legion_n the_o eleven_o and_o the_o eight_o have_v put_v the_o veromandui_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n fight_v with_o they_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n and_o so_o the_o front_n and_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v wellnear_o leave_v naked_a for_o in_o the_o right_a cornet_n be_v the_o twelve_o and_o seven_o legion_n whereas_o all_o the_o nervii_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o boduognatus_n be_v heap_v together_o and_o some_o of_o they_o begin_v to_o assault_v the_o legion_n on_o the_o open_a side_n and_o other_o some_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o roman_a horseman_n and_o the_o light-armed_n footman_n that_o be_v intermingle_v among_o they_o and_o be_v at_o first_o all_o put_v to_o flight_n by_o the_o enemy_n as_o they_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o camp_n meet_v with_o their_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n and_o so_o be_v drive_v to_o fly_v out_o another_o way_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o page_n and_o soldier_n boy_n that_o from_o the_o decumane_a port_n and_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n have_v see_v the_o ten_o legion_n follow_v their_o enemy_n in_o pursuit_n over_o the_o river_n and_o be_v go_v out_o to_o gather_v pillage_n when_o they_o look_v behind_o they_o and_o see_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o camp_n betake_v they_o to_o their_o heel_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n rise_v a_o great_a hubbub_n and_o outcry_n of_o those_o that_o come_v along_o with_o the_o carriage_n who_o be_v extreme_o trouble_v and_o dismay_v at_o the_o business_n run_v some_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o which_o accident_n so_o terrify_v the_o horseman_n of_o the_o treviri_n who_o for_o their_o prowess_n be_v repute_v singular_a among_o the_o gall_n and_o be_v send_v thither_o by_o their_o state_n to_o aid_v the_o roman_n first_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o roman_a camp_n to_o be_v poss_v by_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o legion_n to_o be_v overcharge_v and_o almost_o enclose_v about_o the_o horseman_n slinger_n and_o numidian_n to_o be_v disperse_v and_o flee_v that_o without_o any_o further_a expectation_n they_o take_v their_o way_n homeward_o and_o report_v to_o their_o state_n that_o the_o roman_n be_v utter_o overthrow_v and_o that_o the_o enemy_n have_v take_v their_o carriage_n caesar_n depart_v from_o the_o ten_o legion_n to_o the_o right_a cornet_n find_v his_o man_n exceed_o overcharge_v the_o ensign_n crowd_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o twelve_o legion_n so_o thick_o throng_v on_o a_o heap_n that_o they_o hinder_v one_o another_o all_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o four_o cohort_n be_v slay_v the_o ensign-bearer_n kill_v and_o the_o ensign_n take_v and_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o other_o cohort_n either_o slay_v or_o sore_o wound_v among_o who_o pub._n sextus_n baculus_fw-la the_o primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n a_o valiant_a man_n so_o grievous_o wound_v that_o he_o can_v scarce_o stand_v upon_o his_o foot_n the_o rest_n not_o very_o forward_o but_o many_o of_o the_o hindmost_a turn_v tail_n and_o forsake_v the_o field_n the_o enemy_n 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o side_n give_v no_o respite_n in_o front_n although_o he_o fight_v against_o the_o hill_n nor_o yet_o spare_v the_o open_a side_n and_o the_o matter_n bring_v to_o a_o narrow_a issue_n without_o any_o mean_n or_o succour_n to_o relieve_v they_o he_o take_v a_o target_n from_o one_o of_o the_o hindmost_a soldier_n for_o he_o himself_o be_v come_v thither_o without_o one_o and_o press_v to_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n call_v the_o centurion_n by_o name_n and_o encourage_v the_o rest_n command_v the_o ensign_n to_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o maniple_n to_o be_v enlarge_v that_o they_o may_v with_o great_a facility_n and_o readiness_n use_v their_o sword_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o publius_n sextus_n baculus_fw-la be_v the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o the_o twelve_o legion_n primipile_n be_v the_o first_o centurion_n of_o that_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarn_n that_o be_v of_o the_o first_o cohort_n in_o that_o legion_n for_o that_o place_n be_v the_o great_a dignity_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o centurion_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o centurio_n primipili_fw-la or_o simple_o primipilus_fw-la and_o sometime_o primiopilus_n or_o primus_fw-la centurio_n by_o he_o be_v common_o publish_v the_o mandate_n and_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o tribune_n and_o therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o centurion_n at_o all_o time_n have_v a_o eye_n unto_o he_o and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v the_o peculiar_a ensign_n of_o every_o legion_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o charge_n and_o carry_v in_o his_o maniple_n neither_o be_v this_o dignity_n without_o special_a commodity_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o divers_a author_n we_o read_v far_o that_o it_o be_v no_o disparagement_n for_o a_o tribune_n after_o his_o tribuneship_n be_v expire_v to_o be_v a_o primipile_n in_o a_o legion_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v i_o know_v not_o upon_o what_o occasion_n that_o no_o tribune_n shall_v afterward_o be_v primipile_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o office_n and_o title_n of_o p._n s._n baculus_fw-la the_o second_o observation_n and_o here_o i_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o give_v the_o target_n any_o honour_n i_o may_v describe_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v take_v occasion_n to_o describe_v it_o in_o caesar_n hand_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o much_o honour_v the_o excellency_n thereof_o polybius_n make_v the_o target_n to_o contain_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n overthwart_o the_o convex_a surface_n thereof_o and_o the_o length_n four_o foot_n of_o what_o form_n or_o fashion_n soever_o they_o be_v of_o for_o the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o target_n among_o their_o legionary_n the_o first_o carry_v the_o proportion_n of_o that_o figure_n which_o the_o geometrician_n call_v oval_a a_o figure_n of_o a_o unequal_a latitude_n broad_a in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o narrow_a at_o both_o the_o end_n like_v unto_o a_o egg_n describe_v in_o plano_fw-la the_o other_o sort_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a latitude_n and_o resemble_v the_o fashion_n of_o a_o gutter-tile_n and_o thereupon_o be_v call_v scutum_fw-la imbricatum_fw-la the_o matter_n whereof_o a_o target_n be_v make_v be_v a_o double_a board_n one_o fasten_v upon_o another_o with_o lint_n and_o bull_n glue_v and_o cover_v with_o a_o ox_n hide_v or_o some_o other_o stiff_a leather_n the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o target_n be_v bind_v about_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o iron_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o cleave_v and_o in_o the_o midst_n there_o be_v a_o boss_n of_o iron_n or_o brass_n which_o they_o call_v umbo_n romulus_n bring_v they_o in_o first_o among_o the_o roman_n take_v the_o use_n of_o they_o from_o the_o sabine_n the_o wood_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n either_o sallow_a olde_n or_o figtree_n 40._o whereof_o pliny_n give_v this_o reason_n forasmuch_o as_o these_o tree_n be_v cold_a and_o waterish_a and_o therefore_o any_o blow_n or_o thrust_v that_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o wood_n be_v present_o contract_v and_o shut_v up_o again_o but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o
his_o due_a and_o proper_a composition_n what_o then_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o roman_n do_v overcome_v and_o that_o those_o that_o do_v use_v the_o phalanx_n be_v void_a of_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n even_o from_o hence_o that_o the_o roman_a army_n have_v infinite_a commodity_n both_o of_o place_n and_o of_o time_n to_o fight_v in_o but_o the_o phalanx_n have_v only_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n whereto_o it_o may_v profitable_o apply_v itself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n that_o their_o enemy_n shall_v encounter_v they_o at_o that_o instant_n especial_o with_o their_o whole_a force_n it_o be_v questionless_a not_o only_o not_o without_o danger_n but_o in_o all_o probability_n likely_a that_o the_o phalanx_n shall_v ever_o carry_v away_o the_o better_a but_o if_o that_o may_v be_v avoid_v which_o be_v easy_o do_v shall_v not_o that_o disposition_n than_o be_v utter_o unprofitable_a and_o free_a from_o all_o terror_n and_o it_o be_v far_a evident_a that_o the_o phalanx_n must_v necessary_o have_v plain_a and_o champain_n place_n without_o any_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n as_o ditch_n uneven_a place_n valley_n little_a hill_n and_o river_n for_o all_o these_o may_v hinder_v and_o disjoin_v it_o and_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v a_o plain_a of_o the_o capacity_n of_o twenty_o stadia_fw-la much_o less_o more_o where_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v none_o of_o these_o impediment_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v find_v such_o place_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o phalanx_n if_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o come_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n spoil_v and_o sack_v the_o city_n and_o country_n round_o about_o what_o commodity_n or_o profit_n shall_v arise_v by_o any_o army_n so_o order_v for_o if_o it_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o have_v be_v before_o speak_v of_o it_o can_v neither_o relieve_v their_o friend_n nor_o preserve_v themselves_o for_o the_o convoy_n which_o they_o expect_v from_o their_o friend_n be_v easy_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n while_o they_o remain_v in_o those_o open_a place_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n they_o be_v then_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n shall_v find_v the_o phalanx_n in_o such_o place_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o adventure_v itself_o in_o gross_a at_o one_o instant_a but_o will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o retire_v itself_o as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o their_o usual_a practice_n for_o there_o must_v not_o be_v a_o conjectur_n of_o these_o thing_n by_o my_o word_n only_o but_o especial_o by_o that_o which_o they_o do_v for_o they_o do_v not_o so_o equal_o frame_v their_o battle_n that_o they_o do_v assault_v the_o enemy_n altogether_o make_v as_o it_o werebut_n one_o front_n but_o part_n make_v a_o stand_n and_o part_n charge_v the_o enemy_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o phalanx_n do_v press_v they_o that_o come_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o be_v repel_v the_o force_n of_o their_o order_n be_v dissolve_v for_o whether_o they_o pursue_v those_o that_o retire_v or_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o do_v assault_v they_o these_o do_v disjoin_v themselves_o from_o part_n of_o their_o army_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v a_o gap_n open_v to_o their_o enemy_n stand_v and_o attend_v their_o opportunity_n so_o that_o now_o they_o need_v not_o any_o more_o to_o charge_v they_o in_o the_o front_n where_o the_o force_n of_o the_o phalanx_n consist_v but_o to_o assault_v where_o the_o breach_n be_v make_v both_o behind_o and_o upon_o the_o side_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o roman_a army_n may_v keep_v his_o due_a propriety_n and_o disposition_n the_o phalanx_n by_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a do_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_o demonstrate_v the_o difference_n to_o be_v great_a between_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o necessity_n impose_v upon_o a_o army_n which_o be_v to_o march_v through_o place_n of_o all_o nature_n to_o encamp_v themselves_o to_o possess_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o besiege_v and_o to_o be_v besiege_v and_o also_o contrary_a to_o expectation_n sometime_o to_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o all_o these_o occasion_n necessary_o accompany_v a_o army_n and_o oftentimes_o be_v the_o especial_a cause_n of_o victory_n to_o which_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a or_o convenient_a forasmuch_o as_o neither_o in_o their_o general_a order_n nor_o in_o their_o particular_a disposition_n without_o a_o convenient_a place_n they_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n but_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v apt_a for_o all_o these_o purpose_n for_o every_o soldier_n among_o they_o be_v once_o arm_v and_o ready_a to_o fight_v refuse_v no_o place_n time_n nor_o occasion_n keep_v always_o the_o same_o order_n whether_o he_o fight_v together_o with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o army_n or_o particular_o by_o himself_o man_n to_o man_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o their_o disposition_n be_v advantageous_a so_o the_o end_n do_v answer_v the_o expectation_n these_o thing_n i_o think_v to_o speak_v of_o at_o large_a because_o many_o of_o the_o grecian_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o macedonian_n be_v not_o to_o be_v overcome_v and_o again_o many_o wonder_v how_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o worse_a by_o the_o roman_a army_n consider_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o weapon_n thus_o far_o go_v polybius_n in_o compare_v the_o weapon_n and_o embattel_v of_o the_o roman_n with_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n among_o the_o macedonian_n wherein_o we_o see_v the_o pike_n true_o and_o exact_o order_v according_a as_o the_o wise_a grecians_n can_v best_o proportion_v it_o with_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n which_o may_v give_v most_o advantage_n to_o the_o use_n thereof_o so_o that_o if_o our_o squadron_n of_o pike_n jump_v not_o with_o the_o perfect_a manner_n of_o a_o phalanx_n as_o we_o see_v they_o do_v not_o they_o fall_v so_o much_o short_a of_o that_o strength_n which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o other_o nation_n impute_v unto_o it_o but_o suppose_v we_o can_v allow_v it_o that_o disposition_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o war_n which_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o weapon_n do_v require_v yet_o forasmuch_o as_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o polybius_n the_o say_a manner_n of_o imbattel_v be_v tie_v to_o such_o dangerous_a circumstance_n of_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n of_o fight_n i_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o profitable_a a_o weapon_n as_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o time_n do_v seem_v to_o make_v it_o especial_o in_o woody_a country_n such_o as_o ireland_n be_v where_o the_o use_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o such_o inconvenience_n as_o be_v note_v to_o hinder_v the_o manage_n thereof_o and_o doubtless_o if_o our_o commander_n do_v but_o consider_v of_o the_o incongruity_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o ireland_n they_o will_v not_o proportion_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o they_o in_o every_o company_n as_o there_o be_v for_o common_o half_a the_o company_n be_v pike_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o war_n that_o half_o the_o army_n have_v neither_o offensive_a nor_o defensive_a weapon_n but_o only_o against_o a_o troup_n of_o horse_n for_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o come_v to_o the_o push_n of_o pike_n with_o the_o foot_n company_n where_o they_o may_v charge_v and_o offend_v the_o enemy_n and_o for_o defence_n if_o the_o enemy_n think_v it_o not_o safe_a to_o buckle_v with_o they_o at_o hand_n but_o make_v more_o advantage_n to_o play_v upon_o they_o afar_o off_o with_o shot_n it_o afford_v small_a safety_n to_o shake_v a_o long_a pike_n at_o they_o and_o stand_v fair_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o entertain_v a_o volley_n of_o shot_n with_o the_o body_n of_o their_o battalion_n as_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o pike_n in_o some_o service_n be_v profitable_a as_o behind_o a_o rampire_n or_o at_o a_o breach_n so_o i_o assure_v myself_o there_o be_v weapon_n if_o they_o be_v put_v to_o trial_n that_o will_v countervail_v the_o pike_n even_o in_o those_o service_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v most_o profitable_a concern_v the_o target_n we_o see_v it_o take_v the_o hand_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o polybius_n of_o all_o other_o weapon_n whatsoever_o as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o divers_a and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o imbattel_v as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o place_n wheresoever_o for_o their_o use_n be_v as_o effectual_a in_o small_a body_n and_o century_n as_o in_o gross_a troop_n and_o great_a
point_n between_o their_o fight_n at_o sea_n and_o that_o at_o land_n save_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v martial_v in_o troop_n and_o band_n in_o regard_n whereof_o the_o sea-service_n be_v count_v more_o base_a and_o dishonourable_a and_o the_o rather_o inasmuch_o as_o it_o decide_v the_o controversy_n by_o sling_n and_o casting-weapon_n which_o kind_n of_o fight_n be_v of_o less_o honour_n than_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n chap._n vii_o the_o battle_n continue_v and_o caesar_n overcome_v the_o roman_n have_v take_v one_o town_n after_o another_o caesar_n the_o enemy_n still_o convey_v themselves_o to_o the_o next_o so_o that_o caesar_n deem_v it_o but_o lose_a labour_n whilst_o he_o can_v neither_o hinder_v their_o escape_n nor_o do_v they_o any_o mischief_n resolve_v to_o wait_v the_o come_n of_o his_o navy_n which_o be_v no_o soon_o arrive_v but_o the_o enemy_n descry_v it_o present_o make_v out_o 220_o sail_n of_o ship_n wel-appointed_n and_o furnish_v in_o all_o respect_n to_o oppose_v they_o neither_o do_v brutus_n the_o admiral_n nor_o any_o tribune_n or_o centurion_n in_o his_o navy_n know_v what_o to_o do_v or_o what_o course_n of_o fight_n to_o take_v for_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o beak-head_n of_o their_o quinqueremes_n can_v perform_v no_o service_n upon_o they_o and_o although_o they_o shall_v raise_v turret_n according_a to_o their_o use_n yet_o these_o will_v not_o equal_v in_o height_n the_o poup_n of_o the_o enemy_n ship_v so_o that_o therein_o also_o the_o gall_n have_v advantage_n for_o as_o the_o roman_n can_v not_o much_o annoy_v they_o with_o their_o weapon_n in_o regard_n they_o lie_v so_o low_a under_o they_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a their_o dart_n must_v needs_o fall_v with_o great_a advantage_n upon_o the_o roman_n yet_o one_o thing_n there_o be_v among_o their_o provision_n which_o stand_v they_o in_o great_a stead_n for_o the_o roman_n have_v provide_v great_a sharp_a hook_n or_o sickle_n which_o they_o put_v upon_o great_a and_o long_a pole_n these_o they_o fasten_v to_o the_o tackle_n which_o hold_v the_o main-yard_n to_o the_o mast_n and_o then_o hale_v away_o their_o ship_n with_o force_n of_o oar_n they_o cut_v the_o say_v tackle_v and_o the_o main-yard_n fall_v down_o whereby_o the_o gall_n who_o only_a hope_n for_o their_o navy_n consist_v in_o the_o sail_n and_o tackle_n lose_v at_o one_o instant_a both_o their_o sail_n and_o the_o use_n of_o their_o ship_n and_o then_o the_o controversy_n fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o valour_n wherein_o the_o roman_n exceed_v the_o gall_n and_o the_o rather_o inasmuch_o as_o they_o fight_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o caesar_n and_o the_o whole_a army_n no_o valiant_a act_n can_v be_v smother_v in_o secret_a for_o all_o the_o hill_n and_o cliff_n which_o afford_v near_o prospect_n into_o the_o sea_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o roman_a army_n their_o main-yard_n be_v cut_v down_o and_o the_o roman_n though_o every_o ship_n of_o they_o have_v two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o enemy_n about_o it_o endeavour_v with_o great_a fury_n to_o board_n they_o fail_v not_o to_o take_v many_o of_o their_o ship_n which_o the_o gall_n perceive_v and_o find_v no_o remedy_n nor_o hope_n of_o resistance_n begin_v all_o to_o fly_v and_o turn_v their_o ship_n to_o a_o fore-wind_n be_v upon_o a_o sudden_a so_o becalm_v that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o make_v no_o way_n at_o all_o which_o fall_v out_o very_o fit_o for_o the_o roman_n who_o now_o fight_v ship_n to_o ship_n easy_o take_v they_o insomuch_o that_o of_o so_o great_a a_o navy_n very_o few_o through_o the_o help_n of_o the_o evening_n escape_v to_o land_n after_o they_o have_v fight_v the_o space_n of_o eight_o hour_n with_o which_o battle_n end_v the_o war_n with_o the_o veneti_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o maritime_a nation_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n both_o young_a and_o old_a in_o who_o there_o be_v either_o courage_n counsel_n or_o dignity_n be_v present_a at_o this_o battle_n and_o all_o the_o ship_n they_o can_v possible_o make_v be_v here_o engage_v take_v and_o lose_v so_o that_o such_o as_o remain_v know_v not_o whither_o to_o go_v nor_o how_o to_o defend_v their_o town_n any_o long_o and_o therefore_o yield_v themselves_o to_o caesar_n towards_o who_o he_o use_v the_o great_a severity_n that_o he_o may_v thereby_o teach_v all_o other_o barbarous_a people_n not_o to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o injury_a ambassador_n for_o he_o slay_v all_o the_o senate_n with_o the_o sword_n and_o sell_v the_o people_n for_o bondslave_n the_o observation_n in_o this_o battle_n i_o chief_o observe_v the_o good_a fortune_n which_o usual_o attend_v upon_o industry_n industry_n for_o among_o other_o provision_n which_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v furnish_v out_o to_o the_o use_n of_o this_o war_n they_o have_v make_v ready_a these_o hook_n not_o for_o this_o intent_n wherein_o they_o be_v employ_v but_o at_o all_o occasion_n and_o chance_n that_o may_v happen_v as_o serviceable_a compliment_n rather_o than_o principal_a instrument_n and_o yet_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o prove_v the_o only_a mean_n to_o overthrow_v the_o gall_n which_o prove_v true_a the_o say_n of_o caesar_n that_o industry_n command_v fortune_n and_o buy_v good_a success_n with_o extraordinary_a labour_n for_o industry_n in_o action_n be_v as_o importunity_n in_o speech_n which_o force_v a_o assent_n beyond_o the_o strength_n of_o reason_n and_o strive_v through_o continual_a pursuit_n to_o make_v good_a the_o motive_n by_o often_o inculcation_n and_o at_o length_n find_v that_o disposition_n which_o will_v easy_o admit_v whatsoever_o be_v require_v in_o like_a manner_n diligence_n and_o laboursome_a industry_n by_o circumspect_a and_o heedful_a carriage_n seldom_o fail_v either_o by_o hap_n or_o cunning_a to_o make_v good_a that_o part_n whereon_o the_o main_a point_n of_o the_o matter_n depend_v for_o every_o action_n be_v entangle_v with_o many_o infinite_a adherent_n which_o be_v so_o interest_v in_o the_o matter_n that_o it_o succee_v according_a as_o it_o be_v carry_v answerable_a to_o their_o nature_n of_o these_o adherent_n some_o of_o they_o be_v by_o wisdom_n foresee_v and_o direct_v to_o that_o course_n which_o may_v fortunate_a the_o action_n the_o rest_n be_v unknown_a continue_v without_o either_o direction_n or_o prevention_n and_o be_v all_o under_o the_o regiment_n of_o fortune_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o wise_a reach_n and_o in_o the_o way_n either_o to_o assist_v or_o disadvantage_n of_o these_o industry_n have_v great_a authority_n inasmuch_o as_o she_o arm_v herself_o for_o all_o chance_n whereby_o she_o be_v say_v to_o command_v fortune_n chap._n viii_o sabinus_n overthrow_v the_o vnelli_n perchâ—_n with_o the_o manner_n thereof_o while_o these_o thing_n happen_v in_o the_o state_n of_o vannes_n caesar_n l._n titurius_n sabinus_n enter_v with_o his_o force_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o unelli_n over_o these_o viridovix_n rule_v who_o be_v at_o present_a make_v commander_n in_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o revolt_a city_n which_o furnish_v he_o with_o a_o great_a &_o potent_a army_n beside_o this_o the_o roan_n aulerci_n eureux_fw-fr eburonice_n and_o lexovii_n have_v slay_v their_o senate_n because_o they_o will_v not_o countenance_v the_o war_n shut_v their_o gate_n and_o join_v with_o viridovix_n also_o there_o come_v great_a multitude_n to_o they_o out_o of_o gallia_n man_n of_o break_a fortune_n thief_n and_o robber_n who_o the_o hope_n of_o prey_n and_o spoil_n have_v make_v to_o prefer_v the_o war_n before_o husbandry_n and_o day-labour_n sabinus_n encamp_v himself_o in_o a_o convenient_a place_n keep_v his_o soldier_n within_o the_o rampire_n but_o viridovix_n be_v lodge_v within_o less_o than_o two_o mile_n of_o sabinus_n his_o camp_n bring_v out_o his_o force_n daily_o and_o put_v they_o in_o battle_n give_v he_o opportunity_n to_o fight_v if_o he_o will_v which_o sabinus_n refuse_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o he_o begin_v not_o only_o to_o be_v suspect_v by_o the_o enemy_n of_o cowardice_n but_o to_o be_v taunt_v with_o the_o reproachful_a speech_n of_o his_o own_o soldier_n the_o opinion_n of_o his_o be_v fearful_a thus_o settle_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o use_v all_o mean_n to_o increase_v it_o and_o carry_v it_o so_o well_o that_o the_o enemy_n dare_v approach_v the_o very_a rampire_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o colour_n that_o he_o pretend_v be_v that_o he_o think_v it_o not_o the_o part_n of_o a_o legate_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n to_o sight_n with_o a_o enemy_n of_o that_o strength_n but_o upon_o some_o good_a opportunity_n or_o in_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n in_o this_o general_a persuasion_n of_o fear_n sabinus_n choose_v out_o a_o subtle-witted_a gall_n a_o auxiliarie_n
in_o his_o army_n who_o he_o persuade_v with_o great_a reward_n and_o further_a promise_n to_o fly_v to_o the_o enemy_n and_o there_o to_o carry_v himself_o according_a to_o the_o instruction_n which_o he_o shall_v give_v he_o this_o gall_n come_v as_o a_o revolter_v to_o the_o enemy_n lay_v open_a unto_o they_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o extremity_n that_o caesar_n be_v drive_v into_o by_o the_o veneti_n and_o that_o the_o night_n follow_v sabinus_n be_v about_o to_o withdraw_v his_o force_n secret_o out_o of_o his_o camp_n and_o to_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o relieve_v caesar_n upon_o which_o advertisement_n they_o all_o cry_v out_o with_o one_o consent_n that_o this_o opportunity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v but_o set_v apart_o all_o other_o devise_n they_o will_v go_v and_o assault_v the_o roman_a camp_n many_o circumstance_n persuade_v the_o gall_n to_o this_o resolution_n as_o first_o the_o linger_a and_o doubt_n which_o sabinus_n have_v make_v when_o he_o be_v offer_v battle_n second_o the_o intelligence_n which_o this_o fugitive_n have_v bring_v three_o the_o want_n of_o victual_n wherein_o they_o have_v be_v negligent_a and_o unadvised_o careless_a four_a the_o hope_n they_o conceive_v of_o the_o war_n of_o vannes_n and_o last_o for_o that_o man_n willing_o believe_v that_o which_o they_o will_v have_v come_v to_o pass_v the_o force_n of_o these_o motive_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v viridovix_n nor_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o captain_n to_o dismiss_v the_o council_n until_o they_o have_v yield_v that_o they_o shall_v take_v arm_n and_o go_v to_o the_o roman_a camp_n which_o be_v grant_v they_o gather_v rubbish_n and_o faggot_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o ditch_n and_o with_o cheerful_a heart_n as_o though_o the_o victory_n be_v already_o get_v they_o march_v to_o the_o place_n where_o sabinus_n be_v encamp_v which_o be_v the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n rise_v gentle_o from_o a_o level_n the_o quantity_n of_o one_o thousand_o pase_n hither_o the_o gall_n haste_v with_o all_o expedition_n and_o to_o the_o intent_n the_o roman_n may_v not_o have_v so_o much_o time_n as_o to_o put_v on_o their_o armour_n the_o gall_n for_o haste_n run_v themselves_o out_o of_o breath_n sabinus_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n give_v the_o sign_n of_o battle_n and_o sally_v out_o at_o two_o several_a gate_n of_o his_o camp_n upon_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v hinder_v with_o their_o load_n of_o rubbish_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o through_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n the_o weariness_n and_o unexperience_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n and_o their_o exercise_n informer_n battle_n that_o the_o gall_n can_v not_o endure_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o first_o encounter_n but_o present_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n we_o be_v fresh_a and_o lusty_a pursue_v after_o and_o slay_v great_a number_n of_o they_o then_o chase_v their_o horse_n suffer_v very_o few_o of_o they_o to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n and_o so_o it_o happen_v that_o at_o one_o time_n sabinus_n have_v news_n of_o the_o overthrow_n at_o sea_n and_o caesar_n of_o sabinus_n victory_n by_o land_n upon_o these_o victory_n all_o the_o city_n and_o state_n yield_v themselves_o to_o titurius_n for_o as_o the_o gall_n be_v prompt_a to_o undertake_v a_o war_n so_o be_v they_o weak_a in_o suffer_v and_o impatient_a of_o the_o consequent_n and_o calamity_n thereof_o observation_n this_o practice_n of_o a_o counterfeit_a fear_n be_v often_o put_v in_o use_n by_o the_o roman_a leader_n fear_n as_o well_o to_o disappoint_v the_o expectation_n of_o a_o enemy_n as_o to_o draw_v they_o into_o a_o inconvenience_n and_o so_o to_o defeat_v they_o of_o their_o great_a help_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n caesar_n come_v to_o succour_v the_o camp_n of_o cicero_n 5._o make_v such_o use_n of_o this_o art_n that_o he_o put_v to_o rout_n a_o great_a army_n of_o the_o gall_n with_o a_o handful_n of_o man_n which_o i_o will_v refer_v unto_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v particular_o set_v down_o by_o caesar_n the_o chief_a thing_n in_o this_o place_n which_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o overthrow_n be_v disappointment_n for_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n hardly_o to_o be_v digest_v in_o business_n of_o small_a consequence_n to_o be_v frustrate_v of_o a_o settle_a expectation_n when_o the_o mind_n shall_v dispose_v herself_o to_o one_o only_a intent_n and_o in_o the_o upshot_n meet_v with_o a_o counterbuff_n to_o cross_v her_o purpose_n and_o so_o defeat_v she_o of_o that_o hope_n which_o the_o strength_n of_o her_o reason_n have_v entertain_v how_o much_o more_o than_o in_o thing_n of_o such_o importance_n when_o we_o shall_v proceed_v in_o a_o course_n of_o victory_n and_o humour_n our_o conceit_n with_o that_o we_o wish_v and_o will_v have_v to_o happen_v and_o in_o the_o end_n meet_v either_o with_o bondage_n or_o death_n must_v our_o best_a wit_n be_v appall_v have_v neither_o respite_n nor_o mean_n to_o think_v how_o the_o evil_a may_v be_v best_a prevent_v which_o the_o wise_a roman_n well_o understand_v and_o count_v it_o no_o dishonour_n to_o be_v reproach_v with_o shameful_a cowardice_n by_o such_o as_o know_v not_o the_o secret_n of_o wisdom_n while_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n foresee_v their_o good_a fortune_n shroud_v under_o the_o cloak_n of_o a_o pretend_a distrust_n let_v these_o example_n instruct_v a_o leader_n so_o to_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o any_o such_o fortune_n that_o in_o the_o execution_n he_o omit_v not_o the_o chief_a point_n of_o order_n and_o discipline_n as_o well_o for_o the_o better_a effect_v of_o the_o design_n as_o for_o his_o own_o safety_n and_o the_o security_n of_o his_o army_n for_o order_n be_v as_o the_o sinew_n and_o strength_n of_o martial_a discipline_n unite_n the_o particular_a member_n into_o the_o firm_a composition_n of_o a_o wel-proportioned_n body_n and_o so_o it_o make_v it_o more_o powerful_a than_o any_o number_n of_o disunit_a part_n how_o able_a or_o infinite_a soever_o i_o may_v here_o allege_v infinite_a example_n to_o confirm_v this_o truth_n but_o let_v the_o battle_n of_o dreux_n serve_v for_o all_o wherein_o the_o protestant_n overcharge_v the_o catholic_n army_n followed_z the_o retreat_z so_o hard_o that_o they_o quick_o become_v master_n of_o the_o field_n and_o then_o neglect_v martial_a discipline_n fall_v in_o confuse_o with_o the_o break_a multitude_n to_o make_v the_o victory_n more_o glorious_a by_o slaughter_n and_o mortality_n the_o duke_n of_o guise_n all_o this_o while_n bodge_v not_o a_o foot_n but_o in_o unexampled_a patience_n keep_v his_o regiment_n close_o together_o and_o will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o rescue_v their_o general_n that_o be_v take_v until_o the_o regiment_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o condie_n be_v likewise_o disperse_v and_o break_v and_o then_o perceive_v no_o difference_n of_o order_n between_o the_o victor_n protestant_n and_o the_o vanquish_a catholic_n he_o dissolve_v that_o terrible_a cloud_n that_o have_v hang_v so_o long_o in_o suspense_n and_o so_o change_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n that_o he_o take_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o prince_n prisoner_n with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o man_n so_o powerful_a be_v order_n in_o the_o deed_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o such_o consequence_n in_o obtain_v victory_n and_o thus_o we_o have_v first_o see_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o a_o counterfeit_a fear_n well_o dissemble_v may_v cast_v upon_o a_o credulous_a and_o unadvised_a enemy_n when_o pretence_n and_o appearance_n have_v bring_v they_o into_o a_o error_n which_o their_o own_o credulity_n do_v afterward_o avouch_v and_o second_o what_o strength_n and_o safety_n consist_v in_o order_n and_o how_o powerful_a it_o be_v to_o throw_v down_o and_o to_o set_v up_o chap._n ix_o the_o proceed_n of_o crassus_n in_o aquitanie_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n it_o happen_v also_o caesar_n that_o 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at_o his_o pleasure_n keep_v the_o passage_n and_o leave_v notwithstanding_o a_o sufficient_a garrison_n in_o his_o camp_n by_o which_o mean_v corn_n and_o provision_n will_v in_o time_n grow_v scarce_o with_o he_o whilst_o the_o enemy_n wax_v every_o day_n strong_a he_o think_v it_o his_o best_a course_n not_o to_o linger_v any_o long_o but_o present_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n the_o matter_n be_v refer_v to_o a_o council_n of_o war_n when_o he_o understand_v that_o all_o man_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n he_o appoint_v the_o next_o day_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o in_o the_o dawn_a putting_z his_o man_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n and_o place_v the_o auxiliarie_n force_v in_o the_o midst_n he_o attend_v to_o see_v what_o the_o enemy_n will_v do_v the_o gall_n although_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o they_o may_v adventure_v battle_n both_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o multitude_n and_o ancient_a prowess_n of_o war_n as_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o paucity_n of_o the_o roman_n yet_o they_o think_v it_o better_o to_o block_n up_o the_o passage_n and_o so_o cut_v off_o all_o carriage_n and_o convoy_n of_o corn_n and_o so_o the_o victory_n will_v follow_v without_o bloodshed_n and_o if_o the_o roman_n for_o want_v of_o corn_n shall_v offer_v to_o make_v a_o retreat_n they_o will_v then_o set_v upon_o they_o as_o they_o march_v weary_v with_o travel_n heavy_o lade_v with_o their_o burden_n and_o deject_v in_o their_o spirit_n this_o resolution_n be_v approve_v by_o the_o whole_a council_n of_o the_o gall_n when_o the_o roman_n imbattel_v their_o force_n they_o keep_v their_o man_n within_o their_o camp_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o sertorius_n have_v follow_v the_o faction_n of_o marius_n and_o cinna_n sertorius_n and_o when_o sylla_n have_v overthrow_v both_o the_o elder_a and_o young_a marius_n he_o flee_v into_o spain_n and_o there_o maintain_v the_o quarrel_n on_o foot_n against_o pompey_n and_o metellus_n and_o overthrow_v they_o in_o 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the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n than_o the_o child_n of_o grace_n flood_n who_o joy_n consist_v in_o peace_n and_o love_n caesar_n in_o the_o first_o of_o the_o civil_a war_n respect_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o from_o other_o ground_n for_o have_v shut_v up_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n so_o as_o he_o may_v have_v cut_v they_o off_o without_o further_a trouble_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o foresee_v the_o victory_n come_v towards_o he_o without_o blow_n or_o wound_n he_o thus_o answer_v his_o captain_n that_o be_v earnest_a upon_o the_o enemy_n cur_n etiam_fw-la secundo_fw-la praelio_fw-la aliquos_fw-la ex_fw-la suis_fw-la amitteret_fw-la cur_n vulnerari_fw-la pateretur_fw-la optime_fw-la de_fw-la se_fw-la meritos_fw-la milites_fw-la cur_n denique_fw-la fortunam_fw-la periclitaretur_fw-la why_o shall_v he_o lose_v any_o of_o his_o soldier_n in_o battle_n though_o he_o get_v the_o day_n why_o shall_v he_o suffer_v those_o to_o be_v wound_v who_o have_v deserve_v so_o high_o at_o his_o hand_n or_o why_o shall_v he_o hazard_v his_o good_a fortune_n and_o this_o course_n do_v these_o gall_n take_v which_o under_o sertorius_n have_v learn_v the_o roman_a art_n and_o the_o roman_a industry_n and_o be_v now_o become_v so_o expert_a that_o they_o have_v almost_o beat_v the_o roman_n at_o their_o own_o weapon_n this_o first_o mean_n be_v principal_o to_o be_v embrace_v as_o the_o safe_a way_n in_o these_o uncertain_a and_o casual_a event_n for_o that_o which_o rest_v upon_o corporal_a strength_n and_o make_v execution_n the_o mean_n to_o a_o conclusion_n be_v very_o terrible_a even_o to_o the_o better_a party_n full_a of_o hazard_n and_o of_o little_a certainty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o miracle_n of_o fortune_n never_o hear_v of_o yet_o so_o to_o carry_v a_o battle_n upon_o what_o advantage_n or_o mean_n soever_o that_o the_o victor_n army_n shall_v buy_v so_o great_a a_o fortune_n without_o bloodshed_n or_o loss_n of_o man_n and_o erect_v a_o trophy_n to_o honour_n at_o the_o sole_a cost_n of_o the_o enemy_n without_o loss_n or_o expense_n of_o his_o own_o treasure_n and_o for_o the_o uncertainty_n in_o a_o battle_n who_o know_v not_o what_o infinite_a chance_n and_o change_n may_v happen_v in_o every_o small_a moment_n of_o time_n to_o turn_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n to_o this_o or_o that_o party_n and_o make_v both_o side_n unconstant_a in_o their_o affection_n by_o present_v they_o interchangeable_o with_o hope_n and_o fear_n joy_n and_o sorrow_n and_o therefore_o caesar_n think_v it_o not_o best_o to_o tempt_v the_o waywardnesse_n of_o fortune_n when_o by_o other_o mean_v he_o may_v obtain_v his_o desire_n this_o i_o say_v be_v chief_o to_o be_v embrace_v if_o our_o mean_n will_v afford_v we_o that_o happiness_n but_o howsoever_o i_o hold_v it_o wisdom_n so_o to_o entertain_v this_o course_n of_o victory_n that_o we_o omit_v not_o the_o chief_a help_n of_o furtherance_n when_o it_o come_v to_o blow_n but_o to_o think_v of_o this_o conquest_n by_o art_n and_o wit_n as_o necessary_a if_o our_o mean_n will_v serve_v we_o to_o compass_v it_o &_o of_o the_o other_o as_o necessary_a whether_o we_o will_v or_o no_o for_o the_o history_n make_v it_o plain_a that_o when_o brutus_n find_v himself_o destitute_a of_o mean_n to_o undertake_v that_o course_n of_o victory_n which_o proceed_v from_o providence_n and_o discreet_a carriage_n he_o then_o betake_v himself_o necessary_o to_o the_o late_a and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o battle_n seek_v to_o free_v himself_o from_o those_o disadvantage_n into_o which_o the_o gall_n have_v bring_v he_o the_o three_o observation_n i_o observe_v further_o out_o of_o this_o place_n that_o what_o course_n soever_o be_v take_v a_o discreet_a leader_n will_v not_o easy_o forgo_v a_o advantage_n without_o great_a assurance_n of_o a_o better_a fortune_n advantage_n nor_o change_v the_o certainty_n of_o a_o benefit_n upon_o probability_n of_o other_o 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aught_o that_o may_v be_v gather_v by_o their_o history_n the_o five_o observation_n the_o last_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v be_v the_o place_n where_o crassus_n bestow_v the_o auxiliary_a force_n battle_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o his_o troop_n to_o battle_n which_o be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v in_o mediam_fw-la aciem_fw-la for_o as_o their_o army_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o battle_n so_o every_o battle_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o two_o cornet_n and_o the_o battle_n wherein_o these_o auxiliary_a force_n be_v in_o this_o service_n bestow_v of_o these_o he_o afterward_o say_v that_o inasmuch_o as_o he_o dare_v not_o put_v any_o confidence_n in_o they_o he_o command_v they_o to_o serve_v the_o roman_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n with_o stone_n and_o weapon_n and_o to_o carry_v earth_n and_o turf_n to_o the_o mount_n the_o reason_n why_o suspect_a troop_n be_v place_v in_o the_o battle_n rather_o than_o in_o either_o of_o the_o cornet_n be_v for_o that_o the_o 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either_o see_v they_o or_o can_v tell_v what_o be_v do_v and_o then_o a_o great_a clamour_n and_o shout_n be_v hear_v about_o that_o place_n the_o roman_a legion_n renew_v their_o force_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o always_o in_o hope_n of_o victory_n begin_v to_o charge_v they_o afresh_o with_o great_a fury_n the_o gall_n be_v circumvent_v on_o each_o side_n and_o despair_v of_o their_o safety_n cast_v themselves_o over_o the_o rampire_n seek_v by_o flight_n to_o escape_v the_o danger_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o country_n be_v open_a and_o champain_n the_o horseman_n pursue_v they_o with_o that_o execution_n that_o of_o fifty_o thousand_o which_o come_v out_o of_o aquitanie_n and_o spain_n there_o scarce_o remain_v the_o four_o part_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o this_o fight_n the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o aquitani_n yield_v to_o caesar_n and_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n give_v he_o hostage_n among_o these_o be_v the_o tarbelli_n bigerriones_n preciani_n vocates_n tarusates_n elusates_n garites_n ausci_n garumni_n sibutzates_n and_o cocasates_n only_o some_o few_o that_o live_v far_o off_o trust_v upon_o the_o come_n on_o of_o winter_n hold_v off_o and_o do_v not_o submit_v themselves_o observation_n from_o this_o place_n brancatio_n take_v occasion_n to_o dispute_v 3._o how_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v strong_o encamp_v secundo_fw-la and_o for_o some_o advantage_n will_v not_o remove_v may_v be_v dislodge_v whether_o he_o will_v or_o no._n a_o point_n of_o great_a consequence_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n and_o therefore_o deserve_v due_a consideration_n concern_v which_o he_o lay_v this_o down_o for_o a_o maxim_n that_o all_o sort_n and_o strong_a hold_n be_v take_v by_o the_o foot_n and_o that_o camp_n and_o lodging_n be_v take_v by_o the_o head_n by_o which_o be_v mean_v that_o he_o who_o purpose_v to_o win_v a_o fortress_n well_o man_v and_o provide_v must_v first_o get_v the_o foot_n and_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o ditch_n and_o then_o seize_v himself_o upon_o the_o 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force_n of_o artillery_n or_o murder_v they_o all_o within_o their_o trench_n and_o this_o he_o take_v from_o caesar_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o gergobia_n gallico_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n consist_v in_o a_o double_a dâ—tch_n run_v like_a unto_o the_o line_n which_o the_o 〈◊〉_d call_v helicall_a by_o this_o double_a ditch_n he_o make_v his_o approach_n to_o any_o place_n of_o most_o advantage_n where_o he_o may_v in_o a_o night_n raise_v a_o mount_n high_a enough_o for_o the_o ordinance_n to_o play_v upon_o any_o quarter_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o censure_n of_o this_o practice_n i_o refer_v to_o our_o judicious_a soldier_n who_o may_v if_o it_o please_v they_o take_v a_o better_a view_n of_o the_o particularity_n of_o this_o stratagem_n in_o brancatio_n himself_o thus_o much_o i_o dare_v affirm_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o these_o
work_n that_o they_o be_v of_o high_a esteem_n among_o the_o roman_n who_o daily_a experience_n and_o exigent_n of_o hazard_n have_v teach_v to_o 〈…〉_z the_o ready_a mean_n both_o for_o security_n and_o victory_n and_o if_o our_o soldier_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o commodity_n of_o these_o work_n either_o by_o persuasion_n or_o impulsion_n it_o be_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o warlike_a practice_n but_o our_o man_n have_v 〈◊〉_d upon_o desperate_a adventure_n and_o seek_v victory_n in_o the_o jaw_n of_o death_n then_o to_o clear_v all_o hazard_n with_o pain_n and_o diligence_n chap._n xii_o caesar_n undertake_v the_o war_n with_o the_o menapii_n and_o morini_n at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o caesar_n although_o the_o summer_n be_v almost_o at_o a_o end_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o all_o gallia_n be_v in_o peace_n and_o the_o throne_n morini_n only_o with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d menapii_n stand_v out_o in_o arm_n and_o have_v never_o either_o send_v ambassador_n or_o otherwise_o treat_v of_o peace_n caesar_n think_v that_o war_n may_v quick_o be_v end_v lead_v his_o army_n into_o their_o country_n at_o his_o come_n he_o find_v they_o to_o carry_v their_o war_n far_o otherwise_o then_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gall_n have_v do_v for_o understanding_n that_o the_o great_a nation_n of_o gallia_n which_o have_v wage_v battle_n with_o the_o roman_n be_v beat_v and_o overthrow_v and_o have_v whole_a continent_n of_o wood_n and_o bog_n in_o their_o territory_n they_o convey_v both_o themselves_o and_o their_o good_n into_o those_o quarter_n caesar_n come_v to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o wood_n begin_v to_o fortify_v his_o camp_n not_o discover_v any_o enemy_n near_o about_o he_o but_o as_o his_o man_n be_v disperse_v in_o their_o charge_n they_o sudden_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o assault_v the_o roman_n but_o be_v speedy_o drive_v in_o again_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o they_o as_o the_o roman_n follow_v they_o far_o into_o the_o wood_n they_o have_v some_o few_o of_o their_o man_n slay_v the_o time_n that_o remain_v caesar_n resolve_v to_o spend_v in_o cut_v down_o the_o wood_n and_o lest_o the_o soldier_n may_v be_v take_v unaware_o while_o they_o be_v busy_v in_o that_o work_n he_o cause_v they_o to_o place_v all_o the_o tree_n which_o they_o cut_v down_o on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o army_n that_o they_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o defence_n against_o sudden_a assault_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n be_v thus_o rid_v within_o a_o few_o day_n so_o that_o their_o good_n and_o cattle_n be_v taâ—en_v by_o the_o roman_n but_o they_o themselves_o be_v flee_v into_o thick_a wood_n at_o which_o time_n there_o happen_v such_o a_o continual_a rain_n as_o force_v they_o to_o leave_v off_o the_o work_n and_o the_o soldier_n can_v no_o long_o endure_v to_o lie_v in_o scent_n of_o skin_n and_o therefore_o caesar_n after_o he_o have_v waste_v and_o spoil_v their_o country_n burn_v their_o town_n and_o their_o house_n carry_v back_o his_o army_n and_o place_v they_o among_o the_o aulerci_n lexovii_n &_o in_o other_o city_n to_o winter_n in_o which_o be_v subdue_v in_o the_o late_a war_n observation_n the_o irish_a rebel_n have_v the_o like_a commodity_n of_o wood_n and_o bog_n do_v entertain_v the_o like_a course_n of_o war_n as_o the_o morini_n do_v with_o caesar_n the_o mean_n which_o he_o use_v to_o disappoint_v they_o of_o that_o practice_n be_v to_o cut_v down_o the_o wood_n which_o if_o it_o be_v think_v monstrous_a in_o this_o age_n or_o ridiculous_a to_o our_o man_n of_o war_n let_v they_o consider_v that_o the_o roman_a discipline_n wrought_v great_a effect_n of_o valour_n then_o can_v be_v make_v credible_a by_o the_o use_n of_o these_o time_n for_o beside_o their_o exquisite_a discipline_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v able_a to_o frame_v pattern_n of_o unexampled_a magnanimity_n their_o industry_n be_v admirable_a in_o the_o execution_n thereof_o and_o carry_v it_o with_o such_o uncessant_a travel_n that_o the_o soldier_n think_v it_o great_a happiness_n when_o they_o come_v to_o wage_v battle_n with_o the_o enemy_n and_o can_v have_v mean_n to_o quit_v their_o continual_a travel_n with_o the_o hazard_n of_o their_o life_n neither_o let_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o the_o roman_n undertake_v to_o cut_v down_o the_o wood_n but_o rather_o let_v we_o admire_v their_o facility_n in_o so_o difficult_a a_o task_n for_o as_o the_o history_n witness_v magno_fw-la spacio_fw-la paucis_fw-la diebus_fw-la confecto_fw-la incredibili_fw-la celeritate_fw-la a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n be_v rid_v in_o a_o few_o day_n with_o incredible_a speed_n and_o after_o the_o wood_n be_v cut_v down_o they_o take_v more_o pain_n in_o place_v it_o on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o legion_n to_o hinder_v any_o sudden_a assault_n than_o they_o do_v in_o cut_v it_o down_o which_o deserve_v as_o great_a admiration_n as_o the_o former_a part_n there_o be_v another_o place_n in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o these_o commentary_n which_o express_v more_o particular_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o war_n and_o may_v serve_v to_o acquaint_v we_o with_o that_o which_o caesar_n do_v in_o these_o difficulty_n the_o eburones_n or_o the_o man_n of_o liege_n have_v the_o like_a commodity_n of_o wood_n and_o bog_n and_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o the_o war_n they_o have_v with_o caesar_n the_o matter_n say_v he_o require_v great_a diligence_n not_o so_o much_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o there_o can_v no_o danger_n come_v from_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v fright_v and_o disperse_v as_o the_o safety_n of_o every_o particular_a soldier_n which_o in_o part_n do_v pertain_v to_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o the_o desire_n of_o a_o booty_n carry_v many_o of_o the_o soldier_n far_o from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o wood_n be_v full_a of_o unknown_a and_o secret_a passage_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o go_v either_o thick_a together_o or_o close_o imbattel_v if_o he_o desire_v to_o have_v the_o war_n end_v and_o the_o race_n of_o those_o wicked_a man_n to_o be_v root_v out_o he_o must_v of_o force_n make_v many_o small_a company_n and_o divide_v his_o man_n into_o many_o body_n but_o if_o he_o will_v have_v the_o maniple_n to_o keep_v at_o their_o ensign_n as_o the_o discipline_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n require_v than_o the_o place_n be_v a_o shelter_n and_o defence_n to_o the_o enemy_n neither_o do_v they_o want_v courage_n to_o lay_v ambushment_n and_o to_o circumvent_v such_o as_o they_o find_v alone_o straggle_v from_o their_o company_n in_o these_o difficulty_n there_o be_v as_o much_o do_v as_o diligence_n can_v do_v provide_v rather_o to_o be_v want_v in_o the_o offensive_a part_n although_o all_o man_n mind_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n with_o revenge_n then_o to_o hurt_v the_o enemy_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n caesar_n send_v messenger_n to_o the_o border_a state_n to_o come_v out_o and_o sack_v the_o eburones_n and_o they_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o prey_n for_o their_o labour_n that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o gall_n rather_o than_o his_o legionary_a soldier_n may_v be_v hazard_v in_o those_o wood_n as_o also_o that_o with_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n both_o the_o race_n and_o name_n of_o that_o people_n may_v be_v quite_o extinguish_v there_o be_v many_o particularity_n in_o this_o relation_n which_o concern_v the_o true_a motion_n of_o the_o irish_a war_n which_o may_v be_v better_o observe_v by_o such_o as_o know_v those_o war_n by_o experience_n then_o by_o myself_o that_o understand_v they_o only_o by_o relation_n and_o therefore_o to_o prevent_v such_o exception_n as_o my_o rule_n shall_v make_v of_o the_o parallel_n in_o these_o two_o case_n i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o be_v do_v by_o themselves_o and_o thus_o end_v the_o three_o commentary_n the_o four_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n the_o argument_n the_o usipetes_n and_o tenchtheri_n be_v drive_v to_o seek_v new_a seat_n in_o gallia_n they_o drive_v the_o menapii_n out_o of_o their_o territory_n but_o in_o the_o end_n be_v overthrow_v by_o caesar_n that_o war_n be_v end_v he_o make_v a_o bridge_n upon_o the_o rhine_n and_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o into_o germany_n he_o take_v revenge_n upon_o the_o sicambri_n and_o give_v liberty_n to_o the_o ubii_n return_v into_o gallia_n and_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o into_o brittany_n with_o the_o occurrence_n of_o that_o war_n chap._n i._n the_o vsipetes_n zutphen_n and_o tenchtheri_n hassia_n bring_v great_a multitude_n of_o people_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o gallia_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o suevi_n the_o winter_n follow_v caesar_n pompey_z and_o crassus_n be_v consul_n the_o usipetes_n and_o tenchtheri_n two_o german_a nation_n pass_v over_o the_o
otherwise_o to_o seek_v their_o safety_n by_o flight_n which_o tumult_n and_o fear_n be_v no_o soon_o perceive_v by_o the_o roman_a soldier_n but_o call_v to_o mind_v their_o perfidious_a treachery_n they_o break_v into_o the_o camp_n and_o be_v at_o first_o a_o little_a resist_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o woman_n and_o child_n for_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o they_o have_v over_o the_o rhine_n flee_v every_o one_o away_o which_o caesar_n perceive_v send_v his_o horseman_n to_o pursue_v they_o the_o german_n hear_v the_o clamour_n and_o scrâ—echings_n behind_o their_o back_n and_o see_v their_o friend_n pursue_v and_o slay_v do_v cast_v away_o their_o weapon_n forsake_v their_o ensign_n and_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o come_v to_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o maze_n and_o the_o rhine_n such_o as_o have_v escape_v cast_v themselves_o into_o the_o river_n where_o what_o through_o fear_n weariness_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n they_o be_v all_o drown_v in_o this_o conflict_n the_o roman_n lose_v not_o a_o man_n the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v 430000_o with_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o they_o who_o he_o have_v retain_v in_o his_o camp_n he_o give_v leave_v to_o depart_v but_o they_o fear_v the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o gall_n for_o the_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v they_o desire_z that_o they_o may_v continue_v with_o the_o roman_n which_o caesar_n agree_v unto_o observation_n this_o relation_n afford_v little_a matter_n of_o war_n but_o only_o a_o severe_a revenge_n of_o hateful_a treachery_n notwithstanding_o i_o will_v hence_o take_v occasion_n to_o discover_v the_o office_n of_o the_o quaestor_n and_o the_o legate_n and_o show_v what_o place_n they_o have_v in_o the_o army_n and_o first_o concern_v the_o quaestor_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o common_a voice_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o same_o court_n which_o be_v call_v to_o create_v the_o general_n his_o office_n be_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o the_o public_a treasure_n whether_o it_o come_v out_o of_o their_o aâ—rarium_n for_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o army_n or_o otherwise_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n of_o he_o the_o soldier_n receive_v their_o stipend_n both_o in_o corn_n and_o money_n and_o what_o other_o booty_n be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n he_o either_o keep_v they_o or_o sell_v they_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o legate_n be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n but_o appoint_v by_o the_o senate_n as_o assistant_n and_o coadjutor_n to_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o public_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o direct_v by_o the_o general_n in_o who_o absence_n they_o have_v the_o absolute_a command_n and_o their_o number_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n uncertain_a but_o proportion_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n in_o the_o army_n chap._n vi_o caesar_n make_v a_o bridge_n upon_o the_o rhine_n and_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o into_o germany_n the_o german_a war_n be_v thus_o end_v csar_n caesar_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o transport_v his_o army_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o the_o continent_n of_o germany_n for_o many_o cause_n whereof_o this_o be_v not_o the_o least_o that_o see_v the_o german_n be_v so_o easy_o persuade_v to_o bring_v their_o colony_n and_o their_o vagrant_a multitude_n into_o gallia_n he_o think_v good_a to_o make_v know_v unto_o they_o that_o the_o roman_a people_n can_v at_o their_o pleasure_n carry_v their_o force_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o germany_n moreover_o those_o troop_n of_o horse_n which_o be_v absent_a at_o the_o late_a overthrow_n of_o the_o german_n be_v go_v as_o i_o say_v before_o for_o spoil_n and_o provision_n over_o the_o mosa_n after_o they_o see_v their_o friend_n overthrow_v be_v flee_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o sicambri_n and_o join_v with_o they_o to_o who_o when_o caesar_n send_v messenger_n to_o demand_v they_o to_o be_v send_v unto_o he_o they_o answer_v that_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v limit_v by_o the_o rhine_n and_o if_o the_o german_n be_v interdict_v gallia_n why_o shall_v caesar_n challenge_v any_o authority_n in_o their_o quarter_n last_o the_o ubii_n who_o among_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o german_n have_v only_o accept_v of_o caesar_n friendship_n and_o give_v pledge_n of_o their_o fidelity_n have_v make_v earnest_a suit_n unto_o he_o to_o send_v they_o aid_v against_o the_o suevi_n or_o at_o the_o least_o to_o transport_v his_o army_n over_o the_o rhine_n that_o will_v serve_v their_o turn_n that_o will_v be_v help_n and_o encouragement_n enough_o to_o they_o for_o the_o name_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v so_o great_a and_o of_o such_o fame_n what_o with_o ariovistus_n overthrow_n and_o this_o last_o service_n that_o it_o sound_v honourable_a among_o the_o far_a nation_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a safety_n to_o have_v they_o their_o friend_n for_o these_o reason_n caesar_n resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o rhine_n but_o to_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o by_o boat_n be_v neither_o safe_a nor_o for_o his_o own_o honour_n nor_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o albeit_o it_o seem_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o breadth_n swiftness_n and_o depth_n of_o the_o river_n to_o make_v a_o bridge_n yet_o he_o resolve_v to_o try_v what_o he_o can_v do_v otherwise_o he_o determine_v not_o to_o pass_v over_o at_o all_o and_o so_o he_o build_v a_o bridge_n after_o this_o manner_n at_o two_o foot_n distance_n he_o place_v two_o tree_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a square_n sharpen_v at_o the_o low_a end_n and_o cut_v answerable_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o river_n these_o he_o let_v down_o into_o the_o water_n with_o engine_n and_o drive_v they_o in_o with_o commander_n not_o perpendicular_o after_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o pile_n but_o gablewise_o and_o bend_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n opposite_a unto_o these_o he_o place_v two_o other_o tree_n join_v together_o after_o the_o same_o fashion_n be_v forty_o foot_n distant_a from_o the_o former_a by_o the_o dimension_n between_o their_o low_a part_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o recline_v against_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n these_o two_o pair_n of_o couple_n thus_o place_v he_o join_v together_o with_o a_o beam_n of_o two_o foot_n square_a equal_a to_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o say_a couple_n and_o fasten_v they_o at_o each_o end_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o couple_n with_o brace_n and_o pin_n whereby_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o work_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o frame_n be_v such_o that_o the_o great_a the_o violence_n of_o the_o stream_n be_v and_o the_o fast_o it_o fall_v upon_o the_o timber-work_n the_o strong_a the_o bridge_n be_v unite_v in_o the_o couple_n and_o joint_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o proceed_v with_o couple_n and_o beam_n until_o the_o work_n be_v bring_v unto_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o then_o he_o lay_v straight_o plank_n from_o beam_n to_o beam_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o hurdle_n and_o so_o he_o make_v a_o floor_n to_o the_o bridge_n moreover_o on_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o bridge_n he_o drive_v down_o supporter_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o timber-work_n do_v strengthen_v the_o bridge_n against_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n and_o on_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o bridge_n at_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n he_o place_v pile_n to_o hinder_v the_o force_n of_o tree_n or_o boat_n or_o what_o else_o the_o enemy_n may_v cast_v down_o to_o trouble_v the_o work_n or_o hurt_v the_o bridge_n within_o ten_o day_n that_o the_o timber_n begin_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o and_o carry_v the_o work_n be_v end_v and_o the_o army_n transport_v caesar_n leave_v a_o strong_a garrison_n at_o either_o end_n of_o the_o bridge_n go_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o sicambri_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n ambassador_n come_v to_o he_o from_o many_o city_n desire_v peace_n and_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o caesar_n answer_v courteous_o and_o require_v hostage_n of_o their_o fidelity_n observation_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o bridge_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o ingenious_a architecture_n thereof_o as_o also_o that_o we_o may_v somewhat_o imitate_v caesar_n who_o we_o may_v observe_v to_o insist_v with_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o wit_n and_o eloquence_n in_o present_v unto_o we_o the_o subtlety_n of_o his_o invention_n in_o such_o manner_n of_o handiwork_n as_o upon_o any_o other_o part_n of_o his_o action_n as_o this_o particular_a description_n of_o the_o bridge_n may_v sufficient_o witness_v beside_o the_o fortification_n at_o alesia_n and_o the_o intrenchment_n in_o brittany_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o ship_n with_o many_o
great_a assurance_n than_o the_o harquebuse_n wherein_o there_o be_v many_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o action_n as_o the_o powder_n the_o stone_n the_o spring_n and_o such_o like_a whereof_o if_o the_o least_o fail_v of_o his_o part_n we_o likewise_o fail_v of_o our_o fortune_n but_o how_o probable_a soever_o this_o seem_v this_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o roman_a war_n the_o horse_n be_v ever_o defeat_v by_o the_o foot_n as_o be_v manifest_o prove_v in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o book_n chap._n vii_o caesar_n give_v the_o britan_n two_o several_a overthrow_n the_o next_o day_n the_o enemy_n make_v a_o stand_n upon_o the_o hill_n a_o far_o off_o from_o the_o camp_n caesar_n and_o show_v themselves_o not_o so_o often_o neither_o be_v they_o so_o busy_a with_o our_o horseman_n as_o they_o be_v the_o day_n before_o but_o about_o noon_n when_o caesar_n have_v send_v out_o three_o legion_n and_o all_o his_o cavalry_n to_o get_v forage_n under_o the_o conduction_n of_o caius_n trebonius_n a_o legate_n they_o make_v a_o sudden_a assault_n upon_o the_o forager_n and_o fall_v in_o close_a with_o the_o ensign_n &_o the_o legion_n the_o roman_n charge_v very_o fierce_o upon_o they_o and_o beat_v they_o back_o neither_o do_v they_o make_v a_o end_n of_o follow_v they_o until_o the_o horseman_n trust_v to_o they_o put_v they_o all_o to_o flight_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o neither_o do_v they_o give_v they_o respite_n either_o to_o make_v head_n to_o make_v a_o stand_n or_o to_o forsake_v their_o chariot_n after_o this_o overthrow_n all_o their_o auxiliary_a force_n depart_v from_o they_o neither_o do_v they_o afterward_o contend_v with_o the_o roman_n with_o any_o great_a power_n caesar_n understand_v their_o determination_n carry_v his_o army_n to_o the_o river_n thames_n and_o so_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o cassivellaunus_n which_o river_n be_v passable_a by_o foot_n but_o in_o one_o place_n only_o and_o that_o very_a hardly_o at_o his_o come_n he_o find_v a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v imbattel_v on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o the_o bank_n fortify_v with_o many_o sharp_a stake_n and_o many_o other_o also_o be_v plant_v covert_o under_o the_o water_n these_o thing_n be_v discover_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o captive_n and_o fugitive_n caesar_n put_v his_o horse_n before_o cause_v the_o legion_n to_o follow_v sudden_o after_o who_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v but_o their_o head_n clear_a above_o the_o water_n go_v with_o that_o violence_n that_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o charge_n but_o leave_v the_o bank_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n observation_n this_o attempt_n of_o caesar_n seem_v so_o strange_a to_o brancatio_n that_o he_o run_v into_o strange_a conclusion_n concern_v this_o matter_n as_o first_o that_o he_o that_o imitate_v caesar_n may_v doubt_v of_o his_o good_a fortune_n for_o his_o proceed_n in_o this_o point_n be_v not_o direct_v by_o any_o order_n of_o war_n and_o that_o a_o great_a commander_n have_v nothing_o common_a with_o other_o leader_n but_o especial_o he_o cry_v out_o at_o the_o baseness_n of_o the_o britan_n that_o will_v suffer_v themselves_o so_o cowardly_a to_o be_v beat_v but_o if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o art_n and_o good_a direction_n therein_o for_o be_v assure_v by_o the_o fugitive_n that_o the_o river_n be_v passable_a in_o that_o place_n and_o in_o that_o place_n only_o he_o know_v that_o he_o must_v either_o adventure_v over_o there_o or_o leave_n cassivellaunus_n for_o another_o summer_n which_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a inducement_n to_o urge_v he_o to_o that_o enterprise_n the_o difficulty_n whereof_o be_v much_o relieve_v by_o good_a direction_n which_o consist_v of_o two_o point_n first_o by_o send_v over_o the_o horseman_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o legion_n who_o may_v better_o endure_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n than_o the_o footman_n can_v that_o be_v up_o to_o the_o neck_n in_o water_n and_o withal_o to_o shelter_v the_o footman_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n second_o he_o send_v they_o over_o with_o such_o speed_n that_o they_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o water_n before_o the_o enemy_n can_v tell_v what_o they_o attempt_v for_o if_o he_o have_v linger_v in_o the_o service_n and_o give_v the_o enemy_n leave_v to_o find_v the_o advantage_n which_o he_o have_v by_o experience_n his_o man_n have_v never_o be_v able_a to_o have_v endure_v the_o hazard_n of_o so_o dangerous_a a_o service_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o conjecture_v at_o the_o place_n where_o this_o service_n be_v perform_v for_o since_o the_o build_n of_o london_n bridge_n many_o ford_n have_v be_v scour_v with_o the_o current_n and_o fall_n of_o the_o water_n which_o before_o that_o time_n carry_v not_o such_o a_o depth_n as_o now_o they_o do_v chap._n viii_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o british_a war_n caesar_n return_v into_o gallia_n cassivellaunus_n have_v no_o courage_n to_o contend_v any_o long_o caesar_n dismiss_v his_o great_a force_n and_o retain_v only_o four_o thousand_o chariot_n observe_v our_o journey_n keep_v the_o wood-country_n and_o drive_v man_n and_o cattle_n out_o of_o the_o field_n into_o the_o wood_n where_o he_o know_v the_o roman_n will_v come_v and_o as_o their_o horse_n stray_v out_o either_o for_o forage_v or_o booty_n he_o send_v his_o chariot_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n by_o unknown_a way_n and_o put_v their_o horseman_n to_o great_a peril_n in_o regard_n whereof_o the_o horseman_n dare_v never_o adventure_v further_o than_o the_o legion_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o more_o spoil_v do_v in_o the_o country_n then_o that_o which_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n do_v of_o themselves_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o trinobantes_n be_v almost_o the_o great_a state_n of_o all_o those_o country_n from_o who_o mandubratius_n have_v flee_v to_o caesar_n into_o gallia_n for_o that_o his_o father_n imanuentius_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n be_v slay_v by_o cassivellaunus_n send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o offer_v their_o submission_n and_o to_o entreat_v that_o mandubratius_n may_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o oppression_n of_o cassivellaunus_n &_o send_v unto_o they_o to_o take_v the_o kingdom_n caesar_n have_v receive_v from_o they_o forty_o pledge_n &_o corn_n for_o his_o army_n send_v mandubratius_n unto_o they_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v thus_o keep_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o cenimagni_n seguntiaci_n ancalites_n bibroci_n and_o cassi_n yield_v themselves_o to_o caesar_n by_o these_o he_o understand_v that_o cassivellaunus_n his_o town_n be_v not_o far_o off_o fortify_v with_o wood_n &_o bog_n &_o well_o store_v with_o man_n &_o cattle_n the_o britan_n call_n a_o town_n a_o thick_a wood_n enclose_v about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n make_v for_o a_o place_n of_o retreat_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o incursion_n from_o the_o borderer_n thither_o march_v caesar_n with_o his_o army_n &_o find_v it_o well_o fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n &_o as_o he_o assault_v it_o in_o two_o several_a place_n the_o enemy_n unable_a to_o keep_v it_o cast_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o town_n by_o a_o back_n way_n and_o so_o he_o take_v it_o where_o he_o find_v great_a store_n of_o cattle_n and_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o britan_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v cassivellaunus_n send_v messenger_n into_o kent_n which_o as_o be_v say_v lie_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o wherein_o there_o be_v four_o several_a king_n cingetorix_n carvilius_n taximagulus_n and_o segonax_n they_o he_o command_v with_o all_o the_o power_n they_o can_v make_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o camp_n where_o the_o navy_n be_v keep_v the_o king_n come_v to_o the_o place_n be_v overthrow_v by_o a_o sally_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v out_o upon_o they_o many_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v and_o lugotorix_n a_o great_a commander_n take_v prisoner_n this_o battle_n concur_v with_o the_o former_a loss_n and_o especial_o move_v thereunto_o with_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o forename_a city_n cassivellaunus_n entreat_v peace_n of_o caesar_n by_o comius_n of_o arras_n caesar_n be_v determine_v to_o winter_n in_o the_o continent_n for_o fear_v of_o sudden_a commotion_n in_o gallia_n and_o consider_v that_o the_o summer_n be_v now_o far_o spend_v and_o may_v easy_o be_v linger_v out_o he_o command_v pledge_n to_o be_v bring_v unto_o he_o and_o set_v down_o what_o yearly_a tribute_n the_o britan_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o roman_n give_v withal_o a_o strict_a charge_n to_o cassivellaunus_n to_o do_v no_o injury_n either_o to_o mandubratius_n or_o the_o tribonantes_fw-la the_o hostage_n be_v take_v he_o carry_v back_o his_o army_n to_o the_o sea_n where_o he_o find_v his_o ship_n repair_v which_o
go_v seek_v the_o enemy_n to_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o i_o have_v always_o hear_v great_a captain_n hold_v this_o as_o a_o firm_a principle_n not_o to_o attempt_v the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n unless_o there_o be_v either_o a_o offer_n of_o a_o especial_a advantage_n or_o otherwise_o compulsion_n by_o necessity_n the_o rule_n of_o war_n give_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n that_o be_v the_o invader_n and_o have_v undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o ferrara_n to_o seek_v to_o assail_v and_o charge_v we_o but_o to_o we_o to_o who_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v ourselves_o it_o can_v be_v but_o impertinent_a to_o undertake_v a_o action_n contrary_a to_o all_o direction_n and_o discipline_n of_o war_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o evident_a reason_n that_o there_o be_v no_o possibility_n to_o execute_v that_o devise_v but_o to_o our_o harm_n and_o disadvantage_n for_o we_o can_v go_v to_o their_o camp_n but_o by_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n a_o straight_a and_o narrow_a way_n where_o all_o our_o force_n can_v be_v employ_v and_o yet_o they_o with_o small_a number_n will_v make_v resistance_n have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n favourable_a to_o their_o virtue_n we_o must_v march_v by_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o hill_n one_o horse_n after_o another_o neither_o have_v we_o any_o other_o way_n to_o draw_v our_o artillery_n our_o baggage_n our_o cart_n and_o bridge_n but_o by_o the_o straight_a of_o the_o hill_n and_o who_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o a_o way_n so_o narrow_a and_o cumbrous_a every_o artillery_n every_o cart_n or_o every_o wheel_n that_o shall_v break_v will_v stay_v the_o army_n a_o whole_a hour_n at_o the_o least_o by_o which_o impediment_n every_o contrary_a accident_n may_v put_v we_o to_o disorder_v the_o enemy_n be_v lodge_v in_o covert_n provide_v of_o victual_n and_o forage_v and_o we_o must_v incamp_v all_o bare_a and_o naked_a not_o carry_v with_o we_o that_o which_o shall_v serve_v for_o our_o necessary_a nouriture_n but_o expect_v the_o thing_n to_o come_v after_o which_o in_o reason_n ought_v to_o go_v with_o we_o to_o attempt_v new_a enterprise_n whereof_o the_o victory_n be_v less_o certain_a than_o the_o peril_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o gravity_n and_o reputation_n of_o a_o leader_n and_o in_o action_n of_o the_o war_n those_o enterprise_n be_v put_v to_o adventure_v that_o be_v do_v by_o will_n and_o not_o by_o reason_n many_o difficulty_n may_v compel_v we_o to_o make_v our_o abode_n there_o two_o or_o three_o day_n yea_o the_o snow_n and_o rain_v join_v with_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o season_n may_v suffice_v to_o detain_v we_o how_o shall_v we_o then_o do_v for_o victual_n and_o forage_v what_o shall_v we_o be_v able_a to_o do_v in_o the_o war_n want_v the_o thing_n that_o shall_v give_v we_o strength_n and_o sustenance_n what_o be_v he_o that_o consider_v not_o how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o go_v seek_v the_o enemy_n in_o a_o strong_a camp_n and_o to_o be_v drive_v at_o one_o time_n to_o fight_v against_o they_o &_o against_o the_o discommodity_n of_o the_o place_n if_o we_o compel_v they_o not_o to_o abandon_v their_o camp_n we_o can_v but_o be_v enforce_v to_o retire_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n in_o a_o country_n so_o whole_o against_o we_o and_o where_o every_o little_a disfavour_n will_v turn_v to_o our_o great_a disadvantage_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o proceed_v that_o grave_a discourse_n in_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o particular_a occurrence_n incident_a to_o that_o enterprise_n which_o be_v lay_v open_a to_o their_o confuse_a judgement_n do_v manifest_o point_v at_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n which_o be_v to_o be_v undergo_v by_o that_o attempt_n the_o other_o example_n be_v of_o more_o antiquity_n take_v out_o of_o tacitus_n â—_o and_o concern_v the_o arraignment_n of_o certain_a senator_n for_o the_o friendship_n that_o have_v pass_v between_o sejanus_n and_o they_o among_o who_o m._n terentius_n thus_o answer_v for_o himself_o according_a as_o it_o have_v of_o late_o be_v publish_v by_o translation_n it_o will_v be_v peradventure_o less_o behooveful_a for_o my_o estate_n to_o acknowledge_v then_o to_o deny_v the_o crime_n i_o be_o charge_v with_o but_o hap_n what_o hap_n may_v i_o will_v confess_v that_o i_o have_v be_v sejanus_n friend_n and_o that_o i_o desire_v so_o to_o be_v and_o that_o after_o i_o have_v obtain_v his_o friendship_n i_o be_v glad_a of_o it_o i_o have_v see_v he_o joint-officer_n with_o my_o father_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o praetorian_a cohort_n and_o not_o long_o after_o in_o manage_v the_o city_n affair_n and_o matter_n of_o war_n his_o kinsman_n and_o ally_n be_v advance_v to_o honour_n as_o every_o man_n be_v inward_a with_o sejanus_n so_o he_o be_v grace_v by_o caesar_n and_o contrariwise_o such_o as_o be_v not_o in_o his_o favour_n live_v in_o fear_n and_o distress_a with_o poverty_n neither_o do_v i_o allege_v any_o man_n for_o a_o example_n of_o this_o all_o 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will_v deny_v the_o prince_n hide_a thought_n or_o if_o he_o go_v about_o any_o secret_a drift_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o sound_v and_o dangerous_a neither_o shall_v thou_o in_o the_o end_n reach_n unto_o they_o think_v not_o only_o lord_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o sejanus_n last_o day_n but_o of_o sixteen_o year_n in_o which_o we_o do_v likewise_o fawn_v upon_o and_o court_n satrius_n and_o pomponius_n and_o to_o be_v know_v unto_o his_o free_a man_n and_o partner_n be_v reckon_v for_o a_o high_a favour_n what_o then_o shall_v this_o defence_n be_v general_a and_o not_o distinguish_v but_o a_o confusion_n make_v of_o time_n past_a and_o his_o late_a action_n no_o but_o let_v it_o by_o just_a bound_n and_o term_n be_v divide_v let_v the_o treason_n against_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o intention_n of_o murder_v the_o emperor_n be_v punish_v but_o as_o for_o the_o friendship_n duty_n pleasure_n and_o good_a turn_n the_o same_o end_n shall_v discharge_v and_o quit_v thou_o o_o caesar_n and_o we_o the_o constancy_n of_o this_o oration_n prevail_v so_o much_o that_o his_o accuser_n be_v punish_v with_o exile_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o particularity_n decide_v the_o controversy_n and_o make_v the_o way_n plain_a to_o good_a direction_n chap._n xii_o the_o roman_n take_v their_o journey_n towards_o the_o next_o legion_n and_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o gall_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o daylight_n appear_v 〈◊〉_d they_o set_v forth_o of_o their_o camp_n like_o man_n persuade_v that_o the_o counsel_n have_v be_v give_v they_o not_o by_o a_o enemy_n but_o by_o ambiorix_n a_o especial_a friend_n with_o a_o long-tailed_a march_n and_o as_o much_o baggage_n as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v the_o gall_n understand_v of_o their_o journey_n by_o their_o noise_n and_o watch_v in_o the_o night_n secret_o in_o the_o wood_n some_o two_o mile_n off_o lay_v a_o ambuscado_n in_o two_o several_a place_n of_o advantage_n and_o there_o attend_v the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o when_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o troop_n be_v enter_v into_o a_o valley_n sudden_o they_o show_v themselves_o on_o both_o side_n the_o vale_n press_v hard_o upon_o the_o rearward_n and_o hinder_v the_o foremost_a from_o go_v up_o the_o hill_n and_o so_o begin_v to_o charge_n upon_o the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o as_o great_a disadvantage_n for_o they_o as_o can_v be_v then_o at_o length_n titurius_n as_o one_o that_o have_v provide_v for_o nothing_o beforehand_o begin_v to_o tremble_v run_v up_o and_o down_o and_o dispose_v his_o cohort_n but_o so_o fearful_o and_o after_o such_o a_o fashion_n as_o if_o all_o thing_n have_v go_v against_o he_o as_o it_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o such_o as_o be_v force_v to_o consult_v in_o the_o instant_n of_o execution_n
roman_a valour_n he_o will_v not_o suffer_v his_o man_n to_o hazard_v themselves_o in_o the_o passage_n of_o a_o bog_n of_o fifty_o foot_n in_o breadth_n lie_v between_o both_o the_o army_n but_o rather_o persuade_v his_o soldier_n disdain_v the_o confrontment_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o endure_v their_o contumely_n rather_o than_o to_o buy_v a_o victory_n with_o the_o danger_n of_o so_o many_o worthy_a man_n and_o patient_o to_o attend_v some_o further_a opportunity_n which_o passage_n of_o caesar_n even_o in_o the_o say_a term_n as_o it_o be_v there_o relate_v be_v urge_v to_o good_a purpose_n by_o sir_n francis_n vere_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o at_o a_o consultation_n before_o the_o battle_n of_o newport_n newport_n for_o the_o army_n of_o the_o netherlander_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o down_n which_o be_v small_a swell_a hill_n rise_v uneven_o along_o the_o sea_n shore_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n and_o the_o enemy_n make_v a_o stand_n upon_o the_o sand_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o hill_n and_o so_o cut_v off_o the_o passage_n to_o osâ—end_n it_o be_v dispute_v by_o the_o commander_n whether_o they_o shall_v leave_v the_o down_n and_o go_v charge_v the_o enemy_n where_o he_o stand_v imbattel_v upon_o the_o sand_n or_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o fastness_n of_o the_o down_n whereof_o they_o be_v possess_v the_o whole_a council_n of_o war_n be_v earnest_o bend_v to_o forsake_v the_o down_n and_o to_o hazard_v the_o fight_n on_o equal_a term_n as_o impatient_a that_o their_o passage_n and_o retreat_n to_o ostend_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o but_o sir_n francis_n vere_n well_o know_v how_o much_o it_o import_v the_o business_n of_o that_o day_n to_o hold_v a_o place_n of_o such_o gain_n and_o advantage_n persuade_v count_n maurice_n by_o many_o reason_n and_o special_o by_o this_o of_o caesar_n which_o i_o last_o allege_v not_o to_o forgo_v the_o help_n of_o the_o down_n but_o to_o expect_v the_o enemy_n in_o that_o place_n and_o so_o make_v use_n of_o that_o benefit_n upon_o the_o first_o encounter_n rather_o than_o to_o adventure_v the_o success_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o worse_a term_n in_o hope_n of_o clear_v the_o passage_n and_o show_v also_o many_o probable_a conjecture_n that_o the_o enemy_n will_v not_o continue_v long_o in_o that_o gaze_n wherein_o as_o his_o opinion_n then_o prevail_v so_o all_o that_o be_v present_a be_v eye-witness_n both_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o conjecture_n and_o the_o soundness_n of_o his_o judgement_n for_o the_o enemy_n within_o a_o while_n after_o come_v on_o to_o charge_v the_o troop_n of_o the_o state_n be_v receive_v with_o such_o a_o counterbuff_n from_o the_o hill_n and_o be_v violent_o beat_v back_o in_o such_o rude_a manner_n as_o our_o man_n have_v the_o execution_n of_o they_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n or_o more_o which_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n to_o the_o fortune_n of_o that_o day_n touch_v the_o opportunity_n of_o time_n which_o pindarus_n call_v the_o mother_n of_o worthy_a exploit_n and_o oftentimes_o depend_v upon_o the_o circumstance_n of_o place_n a_o general_n ought_v careful_o to_o advise_v that_o he_o neither_o precipitate_v nor_o foreslow_v the_o occasion_n which_o be_v well_o express_v in_o this_o particular_a service_n of_o labienus_n for_o where_o his_o purpose_n be_v to_o draw_v the_o enemy_n over_o a_o river_n that_o have_v steep_a and_o uneasy_a bank_n and_o thereby_o of_o a_o hard_a and_o difficult_a passage_n he_o will_v not_o show_v his_o resolution_n until_o he_o have_v draw_v they_o all_o over_o the_o river_n for_o he_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o the_o roman_a legion_n will_v so_o charge_v the_o enemy_n upon_o their_o first_o encounter_n with_o the_o unresistable_a weight_n of_o their_o pile_n that_o in_o their_o give_v back_o they_o can_v not_o escape_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o river_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v the_o victory_n more_o absolute_a and_o complete_a he_o suffer_v they_o all_o to_o come_v over_o the_o water_n that_o all_o may_v be_v endanger_v in_o their_o passage_n back_o again_o and_o this_o be_v the_o benefit_n which_o opportunity_n bring_v which_o be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v attend_v with_o all_o carefulness_n forasmuch_o as_o non_fw-la saepe_fw-la ac_fw-la dâ—u_fw-la eadem_fw-la occasio_fw-la est_fw-la a_o man_n have_v neither_o often_o nor_o long_v the_o same_o opportunity_n concern_v the_o last_o circumstance_n of_o the_o apt_a and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o the_o force_n according_a to_o time_n and_o place_n which_o be_v necessary_o require_v in_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o general_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o end_n only_o that_o they_o may_v be_v range_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o as_o one_o man_n be_v assistant_n to_o another_o in_o their_o several_a file_n and_o rank_n so_o one_o troup_n may_v be_v in_o subsidiis_fw-la assistant_n to_o another_o to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o part_n may_v stand_v naked_a or_o fall_v in_o the_o singleness_n of_o its_o own_o strength_n but_o that_o one_o may_v second_v another_o from_o the_o first_o to_o the_o last_o c._n sempronâ—us_o a_o roman_a consul_n have_v fight_v unadvised_o and_o receive_v a_o overthrow_n julius_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n cause_v tempanius_n a_o horseman_n that_o be_v present_a at_o the_o battle_n to_o be_v call_v and_o as_o livy_n report_v it_o coram_fw-la eye_n sexte_n tempani_fw-la inquit_fw-la arbitreris_fw-la ne_fw-la c._n sempronium_n consulem_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o tempore_fw-la pugnam_fw-la intisse_fw-la aut_fw-la firmasse_n subsidiis_fw-la aciem_fw-la he_o say_v thus_o before_o they_o sextus_n tempanius_n do_v you_o believe_v that_o c._n sempronius_n the_o consul_n choose_v a_o good_a time_n to_o fight_v or_o that_o he_o take_v order_n for_o assistant_n supply_v to_o his_o army_n for_o livy_n say_v he_o fight_v incaute_fw-la inconsulteque_fw-la non_fw-la subsidiis_fw-la firmata_fw-la acie_n non_fw-fr equite_v apt_a locato_fw-la heedless_o and_o without_o good_a advice_n neither_o strengthen_v his_o army_n with_o supply_n nor_o well_o place_v his_o cavalry_n and_o of_o these_o three_o circumstance_n consist_v the_o duty_n and_o office_n of_o a_o general_n touch_v the_o direction_n of_o a_o battle_n wherein_o whosoever_o fail_v do_v hazard_v the_o prerogative_n of_o his_o command_n over_o that_o army_n whic_n he_o lead_v according_a to_o that_o of_o caesar_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o commentary_n se_fw-la scire_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la exercitus_fw-la dicto_fw-la audience_n non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la aut_fw-la male_a re_fw-la gesta_fw-la fortunam_fw-la defuisse_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquo_fw-la facinore_fw-la comperto_fw-la avaritiae_fw-la esse_fw-la convictum_fw-la that_o he_o know_v well_o whensoever_o a_o army_n refuse_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o their_o commander_n it_o be_v either_o because_o upon_o some_o ill_a success_n they_o see_v he_o be_v unfortunate_a or_o that_o by_o the_o discovery_n of_o some_o notorious_a matter_n they_o find_v he_o convict_v of_o avarice_n which_o caesar_n himself_o need_v not_o to_o fear_v if_o we_o may_v believe_v plutarch_n caesar_n who_o write_v that_o he_o be_v endow_v by_o nature_n with_o a_o excellent_a promptitude_n and_o aptness_n to_o take_v opportunity_n in_o any_o business_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o insist_v a_o little_a upon_o this_o noise_n or_o shout_n which_o the_o soldier_n take_v up_o in_o the_o instant_n of_o the_o charge_n assault_v and_o be_v relate_v in_o this_o place_n as_o a_o material_a point_n in_o their_o carriage_n at_o this_o service_n a_o matter_n ancient_a and_o usual_a in_o the_o roman_a army_n as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o king_n as_o their_o first_o consul_n fusi_n primo_fw-la impetu_fw-la &_o clamoro_fw-la host_n the_o enemy_n be_v overthrow_v at_o the_o first_o onset_n and_o shout_n 1._o say_v livy_n concern_v romulus_n 2._o and_o not_o long_o after_o consul_n nec_fw-la promovit_fw-la aciem_fw-la nec_fw-la clamorem_fw-la reddi_fw-la passus_fw-la the_o consul_n neither_o march_v his_o army_n forward_o nor_o suffer_v they_o at_o all_o to_o shout_n caesar_n in_o the_o censure_n which_o he_o gâ—ve_v concern_v pompey_n his_o direction_n for_o the_o battle_n at_o pharsalia_n 3._o do_v express_v a_o double_a use_n of_o this_o clamour_n or_o shout_n civil_a first_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o second_o the_o encouragement_n or_o assurance_n of_o themselves_o est_fw-la quaedam_fw-la animi_fw-la incitatio_fw-la say_v he_o atque_fw-la alacritas_fw-la naturaliter_fw-la innata_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quae_fw-la study_n pugnae_fw-la incenditur_fw-la hanc_fw-la non_fw-la reprimere_fw-la sed_fw-la augere_fw-la imperaâ—ores_fw-la debent_fw-la neque_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ant_n cue_n tus_fw-la institutum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la signa_fw-la und_fw-ge que_fw-la concinerent_fw-la clamorem_fw-la universi_fw-la tollerent_fw-la quibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la &_o host_n terreri_fw-la &_o suos_fw-la incitari_fw-la existimaverunt_fw-la there_o be_v a_o certain_a raise_n and_o chearfulnesse_n of_o the_o mind_n imbred_a natural_o in_o all_o
which_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o a_o eagerness_n to_o fight_v this_o a_o general_n shall_v not_o crush_v but_o cherish_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o in_o old_a time_n they_o have_v a_o custom_n that_o the_o whole_a army_n shall_v make_v a_o noise_n and_o raise_v a_o general_a shout_n whereby_o they_o suppose_v as_o the_o enemy_n be_v affright_v so_o their_o own_o man_n be_v encourage_v two_o contrary_a effect_n proceed_v from_o a_o cause_n which_o to_o common_a sense_n carry_v no_o show_n of_o any_o such_o efficacy_n vox_fw-la &_o praeterea_fw-la nihil_fw-la a_o bare_a voice_n and_o nothing_o more_o as_o one_o say_v of_o the_o nightingale_n in_o another_o sense_n but_o such_o as_o do_v serious_o look_v into_o the_o reason_n thereof_o shall_v find_v the_o say_n true_a which_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o elder_n and_o wise_a cato_n verba_fw-la plus_fw-la quam_fw-la gladium_fw-la &_o voces_fw-la quam_fw-la manum_fw-la host_n territare_fw-la &_o in_o fugam_fw-la 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discomfit_v until_o he_o have_v take_v their_o camp_n and_o defeat_v they_o of_o their_o chief_a help_n which_o pompey_n feel_v to_o his_o utter_a overthrow_n for_o the_o same_o day_n he_o rout_v he_o at_o pharsalia_n he_o take_v his_o camp_n and_o enclose_v a_o hill_n with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampler_n where_o 25000._o roman_n be_v flee_v for_o their_o safety_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o and_o so_o make_v use_n as_o he_o say_v of_o the_o benefit_n of_o fortune_n and_o the_o terror_n and_o amazement_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o perform_v three_o notable_a service_n in_o one_o day_n and_o this_o he_o use_v with_o such_o dexterity_n and_o depth_n of_o wisdom_n that_o common_o the_o first_o victory_n end_v the_o war_n as_o by_o this_o at_o pharsalia_n he_o make_v himself_o commander_n of_o the_o east_n and_o by_o that_o at_o â—apso_fw-la he_o make_v himself_o lord_n of_o africa_n and_o by_o the_o battle_n at_o monda_n he_o get_v all_o spain_n to_o conclude_v this_o point_n i_o may_v not_o forget_v the_o like_a speed_n and_o expedition_n in_o his_o work_n in_o fifteen_o day_n he_o cast_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n of_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o height_n between_o the_o lake_n at_o geneva_n and_o s._n claude_v hill_n civil_a contain_v nineteen_o mile_n he_o make_v his_o bridge_n over_o the_o rhine_n in_o ten_o day_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o marseilles_n he_o make_v twelve_o galley_n and_o furnish_v they_o out_o to_o sea_n within_o thirty_o day_n after_o the_o timber_n be_v cut_v down_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o work_n with_o the_o like_a expedition_n chap._n xii_o cativulcus_n poison_v himself_o caesar_n divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n now_o whether_o ambiorix_n do_v not_o make_v head_n and_o assemble_v his_o â—orces_n of_o purpose_n caesar_n for_o that_o he_o determine_v not_o to_o fight_v or_o whether_o he_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n and_o the_o suaden_a come_n of_o the_o horseman_n think_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n have_v follow_v after_o it_o remain_v doubtful_a but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o he_o send_v privy_a messenger_n about_o the_o country_n command_v every_o man_n to_o shift_v for_o himself_o and_o so_o some_o â—led_v into_o the_o forest_n arduenna_n other_o into_o since_o and_o bog_n and_o such_o as_o be_v near_o the_o ocean_n do_v hiae_fw-la themselves_z in_o such_o island_n as_o the_o tide_n do_v common_o make_v many_o forsake_v their_o country_n and_o commit_v themselves_o to_o their_o fortune_n to_o more_o stranger_n and_o unknown_a people_n cativulcus_n the_o king_n of_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o ebuâ—ones_n who_o be_v a_o party_n with_o ambiorix_n in_o this_o matter_n be_v now_o grow_v 〈◊〉_d and_o unable_a to_o undergo_v the_o labour_n either_o of_o war_n or_o of_o sly_v detest_a ambiorix_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o exceration_n as_o the_o author_n of_o that_o matter_n drink_v the_o juice_n of_o yew_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a store_n in_o gallia_n and_o germany_n and_o so_o die_v the_o segni_n and_o condrusi_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o number_n of_o the_o german_n that_o dwell_v between_o the_o eburones_n and_o the_o treviri_n send_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v he_o not_o to_o take_v they_o in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o adjudge_v all_o the_o german_n dwell_v on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n to_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n for_o their_o part_n they_o never_o so_o much_o as_o think_v of_o war_n nor_o give_v any_o do_v to_o ambiorix_n caesar_n have_v examine_v the_o matter_n by_o the_o torture_n of_o the_o captive_n command_v they_o that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o eburones_n shall_v fly_v unto_o they_o to_o bring_v they_o unto_o he_o and_o in_o so_o do_v he_o will_v spare_v their_o country_n then_o divide_v his_o force_n into_o three_o part_n he_o leave_v the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n at_o vatuca_n a_o castle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o eburones_n where_o titurius_n and_o aurunculeius_n be_v lodge_v he_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o place_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o fortification_n make_v the_o year_n before_o continue_v perfect_a and_o good_a to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v ease_v the_o soldier_n of_o some_o labour_n and_o there_o leave_v the_o fourteen_o legion_n for_o a_o guard_n to_o the_o carriage_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o which_o he_o have_v last_o enroll_v in_o italy_n make_v q._n tullius_n cicero_n their_o commander_n and_o with_o he_o he_o leave_v two_o hundred_o horse_n the_o army_n be_v thus_o divide_v he_o command_v titus_n labienus_n to_o carry_v three_o legion_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n which_o border_v upon_o the_o menapii_n and_o send_v trebonius_n with_o the_o like_a number_n of_o legion_n to_o wâ—â—â—t_n and_o harry_v that_o country_n which_o confine_v the_o aduatici_n he_o himself_o with_o the_o other_o three_o determine_v to_o go_v to_o the_o river_n scaldis_n which_o run_v into_o the_o maze_n and_o to_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o wood_n arduenna_n for_o that_o he_o understand_v that_o ambiorix_n with_o a_o few_o horseman_n be_v flee_v to_o those_o part_n at_o his_o departure_n he_o assure_v they_o that_o he_o will_v return_v after_o the_o seven_o day_n absence_n for_o at_o that_o day_n he_o know_v that_o corn_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o that_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v there_o leave_v in_o garrison_n he_o counsel_v labienus_n and_o trebonius_n to_o return_v likewise_o by_o that_o day_n if_o they_o convenient_o can_v to_o the_o end_n that_o after_o communication_n of_o their_o discovery_n and_o intelligence_n of_o the_o project_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o may_v think_v upon_o a_o new_a beginning_n of_o war_n observation_n this_o sudden_a surprise_n upon_o ambiorix_n and_o the_o treviri_n prevent_v as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v their_o make_a head_n together_o and_o put_v the_o enemy_n to_o such_o shift_n for_o their_o safety_n as_o occasion_n or_o opportunity_n will_v afford_v they_o in_o particular_a and_o albeit_o the_o treviri_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v disperse_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o overthrow_v nor_o utter_o vanquish_v but_o continue_v still_o in_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o a_o enemy_n although_o they_o be_v by_o this_o occasion_n defeat_v of_o their_o chief_a mean_n and_o therefore_o the_o better_a to_o prosecute_v they_o in_o their_o particular_a slight_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o disjoin_v he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n and_o make_v three_o several_a inroad_n upon_o their_o country_n hope_v thereby_o to_o meet_v with_o some_o new_a occasion_n which_o may_v give_v a_o overture_n of_o a_o more_o absolute_a conquest_n for_o diversity_n of_o motion_n do_v breed_v diversity_n of_o occasion_n whereof_o some_o may_v happy_o he_o such_o as_o be_v well_o manage_v may_v bring_v a_o man_n to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o desire_n but_o herein_o let_v we_o not_o forget_v to_o observe_v the_o manner_n he_o use_v in_o this_o service_n for_o first_o he_o leave_v a_o rendezvous_fw-fr where_fw-mi all_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o army_n be_v bestow_v with_o a_o competent_a garrison_n for_o the_o safe_a keep_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n the_o soldier_n may_v be_v assure_v of_o a_o retreat_n what_o difficulty_n soever_o may_v befall_v they_o in_o that_o action_n according_a to_o that_o of_o sertorius_n sertorius_n that_o a_o good_a captain_n shall_v rather_o look_v behind_o he_o then_o before_o he_o and_o appoint_v withal_o a_o certain_a day_n when_o all_o the_o troop_n shall_v meet_v there_o again_o â—t_a rursus_fw-la as_o he_o say_v communicato_fw-la consilio_fw-la exploratisque_fw-la hostium_fw-la rationibus_fw-la aliud_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d belli_fw-la capere_fw-la possint_fw-la that_o after_o communication_n of_o their_o discovery_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o caesar_n send_v messenger_n to_o the_o border_a state_n to_o come_v out_o and_o sack_v the_o eburones_n there_o be_v as_o i_o have_v already_o declare_v no_o certain_a band_n or_o troup_n of_o the_o enemy_n caesar_n no_o garrison_n or_o town_n to_o stand_v out_o in_o arm_n but_o the_o multitude_n be_v disperse_v into_o all_o part_n and_o every_o man_n lie_v hide_v either_o in_o some_o secret_a and_o unknown_a valley_n or_o in_o some_o rough_a and_o woody_a place_n or_o in_o some_o bog_n or_o in_o such_o other_o place_n as_o give_v they_o hope_n of_o shelter_n or_o safety_n which_o place_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o state_n of_o that_o country_n and_o the_o matter_n require_v great_a diligence_n and_o circumspection_n not_o so_o much_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o general_a safety_n of_o the_o army_n for_o there_o can_v no_o danger_n happen_v unto_o they_o the_o enemy_n be_v all_o terrify_a and_o flee_v as_o in_o preserve_v every_o particular_a soldier_n which_o notwithstanding_o dâ—d_v in_o part_n concern_v
enemy_n in_o which_o course_n if_o any_o part_n shall_v be_v circumvent_v and_o cut_v a_o piece_n yet_o they_o hope_v the_o rest_n may_v save_v themselves_o other_o think_v it_o better_a to_o make_v good_a the_o hill_n and_o all_o of_o they_o to_o attend_v one_o and_o the_o same_o fortune_n this_o advise_v the_o old_a soldier_n do_v not_o like_a of_o who_o as_o i_o say_v before_o go_v out_o with_o the_o other_o that_o be_v send_v a_o harve_v all_o under_o one_o ensign_n by_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o encourage_v one_o another_o caiâ—s_v trebonius_n a_o roman_a horseman_n be_v their_o captain_n and_o command_v they_o at_o that_o time_n break_v through_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n and_o come_v all_o safe_a into_o the_o camp_n the_o boy_n and_o horseman_n follow_v hard_o after_o they_o be_v likewise_o save_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o soldier_n but_o those_o that_o take_v the_o hill_n have_v never_o have_v any_o use_n of_o service_n have_v neither_o the_o courage_n to_o continue_v in_o that_o resolution_n which_o they_o have_v before_o choose_v to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o that_o place_n of_o advantage_n nor_o to_o imitate_v that_o force_n and_o speed_n which_o they_o have_v see_v to_o have_v help_v their_o fellow_n but_o endeavour_v to_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o camp_n fall_v into_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n wherein_o divers_a of_o their_o centurion_n who_o have_v late_o be_v take_v from_o the_o low_a company_n of_o other_o legion_n and_o for_o their_o valour_n sake_n prefer_v to_o the_o high_a and_o chief_a company_n of_o this_o legion_n lest_o they_o shall_v lose_v the_o honour_n which_o they_o have_v before_o get_v fight_v valiant_o die_v in_o the_o place_n part_v of_o the_o soldier_n by_o the_o prowess_n of_o these_o man_n that_o have_v remove_v the_o enemy_n beyond_o all_o hope_n get_v safe_a into_o the_o camp_n the_o rest_n be_v defeat_v and_o slay_v by_o the_o german_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o circumstance_n do_v afford_v we_o two_o observable_a point_n the_o one_o how_o much_o a_o old_a experience_a soldier_n hat_n have_v the_o use_n and_o knowledge_n of_o service_n exceed_v the_o rawness_n of_o such_o as_o be_v new_o enrol_v the_o second_o which_o depend_v upon_o the_o former_a that_o valour_n and_o military_a virtue_n be_v a_o consequent_a of_o use_n and_o practice_v rather_o than_o any_o inherent_a gift_n of_o nature_n camillus_n be_v send_v with_o a_o army_n against_o the_o tuscan_n the_o roman_a soldier_n be_v much_o affright_v at_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o host_n which_o the_o enemy_n have_v put_v on_o foot_n which_o camillus_n perceive_v he_o use_v no_o other_o motive_n of_o persuasion_n to_o strengthen_v their_o weaken_a mind_n and_o to_o assure_v they_o of_o a_o happy_a day_n but_o this_o quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la dâ—dicâ—t_fw-la aut_fw-la consueuâ—t_fw-la faciat_fw-la let_v every_o man_n do_v that_o which_o he_o have_v be_v teach_v and_o use_v to_o as_o well_o know_v where_o to_o rouse_v their_o valour_n and_o in_o what_o part_n their_o great_a strength_n rest_v for_o as_o man_n can_v prevail_v in_o that_o wherein_o they_o be_v unexperienced_a but_o will_v â—e_v want_v in_o the_o supply_n of_o their_o own_o particular_a and_o miscarry_v even_o under_o the_o direction_n of_o another_o annâ—bal_n so_o a_o know_a and_o beat_a tract_n be_v quick_o take_v and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o a_o business_n be_v make_v easy_a by_o acquaintance_n use_n make_v mastery_n say_v our_o english_a proverb_n and_o practice_n and_o art_n do_v far_o exceed_v nature_n which_o continual_a exercise_n and_o use_v of_o arm_n among_o the_o roman_n attain_v to_o such_o perfection_n as_o make_v militum_fw-la sine_fw-la rectore_fw-la stabilem_fw-la virtutem_fw-la the_o valour_n of_o the_o soldiery_n firm_a without_o their_o commander_n as_o lâ—uâ—e_n witness_v and_o as_o antiochus_n confess_v to_o scipâ—o_n quod_fw-la si_fw-la uâ—ncuntur_fw-la non_fw-la minuuntur_fw-la animus_fw-la tamen_fw-la though_o they_o be_v overcome_v yet_o their_o courage_n abate_v not_o caesar_n in_o all_o his_o battle_n have_v a_o special_a respect_n to_o the_o inexperience_n of_o the_o new_a enrol_v band_n place_v they_o either_o behind_o the_o army_n for_o a_o guard_n to_o their_o carriage_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o helvetian_a action_n or_o leave_v they_o as_o a_o defence_n to_o the_o camp_n or_o show_v they_o aloof_o off_o signify_v thereby_o as_o livy_n say_v of_o the_o sidicini_n quod_fw-la magis_fw-la nomen_fw-la quam_fw-la vires_fw-la ad_fw-la praesidium_fw-la adferebant_fw-la that_o they_o make_v more_o noise_n of_o a_o army_n than_o they_o do_v good_a whereby_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o military_a virtue_n proceed_v not_o so_o much_o from_o nature_n or_o any_o original_a habit_n as_o it_o do_v from_o exercise_n and_o practice_v of_o arm_n i_o grant_v there_o be_v a_o disposition_n in_o nature_n and_o a_o particular_a inclination_n to_o this_o or_o that_o art_n according_a to_o that_o line_n of_o the_o poet_n fort_n creantur_fw-la fortibus_fw-la &_o bonis_fw-la stout_a man_n be_v get_v by_o stout_a and_o good_a but_o this_o disposition_n must_v be_v perfect_v by_o use_n and_o fall_v short_a of_o valour_n or_o military_a virtue_n which_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o first_o in_o knowledge_n of_o the_o discipline_n of_o war_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o service_n whereby_o they_o may_v understand_v the_o course_n of_o thing_n and_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o particular_a resolution_n the_o second_o be_v the_o faithful_a endeavour_n in_o execute_v such_o project_n as_o the_o rule_n of_o war_n do_v propound_v for_o their_o safety_n both_o which_o part_n be_v get_v only_o by_o use_n for_o as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o military_a discipline_n be_v best_a learn_v by_o practice_n so_o the_o often_o repetition_n thereof_o beget_v assurance_n in_o action_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o which_o we_o call_v valour_n in_o which_o two_o part_n these_o new_a enroll_v band_n have_v small_a understanding_n for_o they_o be_v as_o ignorant_a what_o course_n to_o take_v in_o that_o extremity_n as_o they_o be_v unassure_v in_o their_o worse_a resolution_n the_o second_o observation_n this_o cuneus_n describe_v or_o troup_n of_o soldier_n dispose_v into_o a_o triangle_n be_v the_o best_a and_o safe_a way_n to_o break_v through_o a_o enemy_n for_o a_o angle_n have_v a_o rent_a and_o divide_v property_n and_o be_v so_o sharp_a in_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o two_o side_n line_n that_o the_o point_n thereof_o resemble_v indivisibility_n and_o therefore_o be_v apt_a and_o proper_a to_o divide_v asunder_o and_o to_o make_v a_o separation_n of_o any_o quantity_n which_o form_n nature_n have_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o such_o creature_n as_o have_v a_o pierce_a and_o divide_v motion_n as_o in_o fish_n that_o have_v all_o head_n for_o the_o most_o part_n sharp_a and_o thence_o angle-wise_a be_v enlarge_v into_o the_o grosseness_n of_o their_o body_n and_o bird_n likewise_o the_o better_a to_o divide_v the_o air_n have_v sharp_a bill_n and_o little_a head_n with_o a_o body_n annex_v of_o a_o large_a proportion_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v to_o strengthen_v the_o pierce_a angle_n with_o thick_a compact_a target_n and_o than_o enlarge_n the_o side_n as_o occasion_n serve_v either_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o acute_a or_o a_o right_n or_o a_o obtuse_a angle_n they_o give_v the_o charge_n in_o such_o sort_n ut_fw-la quacunque_fw-la parte_fw-la percutere_fw-la impetu_fw-la svo_fw-la vellent_fw-la sustineri_fw-la nequeant_fw-la that_o wheresoever_o they_o fall_v on_o they_o be_v not_o long_o to_o be_v endure_v as_o livy_n say_v chap._n xvii_o the_o sicambri_n give_v over_o their_o purpose_n and_o depart_v the_o german_n be_v out_o of_o hope_n of_o take_v the_o camp_n caesar_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o see_v our_o man_n to_o stand_v upon_o the_o work_n they_o return_v over_o the_o rhine_n with_o the_o bootâ—e_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o such_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n even_o after_o the_o enemy_n be_v go_v that_o caius_n volusenus_n be_v send_v that_o night_n to_o the_o camp_n with_o the_o horseman_n they_o will_v not_o believe_v that_o caesar_n and_o the_o army_n be_v return_v in_o safety_n fear_n have_v so_o possess_v their_o mind_n that_o they_o do_v not_o let_v to_o say_v that_o all_o the_o legion_n be_v overthrow_v and_o the_o horse_n have_v escape_v by_o flight_n and_o desire_v there_o to_o be_v receive_v for_o they_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v the_o army_n be_v safe_a that_o the_o german_n will_v have_v attempt_v to_o surprise_v their_o camp_n of_o which_o fear_n they_o be_v deliver_v by_o caesar_n arrival_n he_o be_v return_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o event_n of_o war_n complain_v of_o one_o thing_n only_o that_o the_o cohort_n that_o keep_v the_o watch_n be_v send_v from_o their_o
station_n forasmuch_o as_o no_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o least_o casualty_n and_o there_o he_o see_v how_o much_o fortune_n be_v able_a to_o do_v by_o the_o sudden_a come_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o how_o much_o more_o in_o that_o he_o be_v put_v off_o from_o the_o rampire_n and_o the_o gate_n which_o he_o have_v so_o near_o take_v but_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n this_o seem_v the_o strange_a that_o the_o german_n come_v over_o the_o rhine_n to_o depopulate_v and_o spoil_v ambiorix_n and_o his_o country_n have_v like_a to_o have_v take_v the_o roman_a camp_n which_o will_v have_v be_v as_o acceptable_a to_o ambiorix_n as_o any_o thing_n that_o can_v happen_v observation_n it_o be_v a_o old_a say_n fortune_n avouch_v by_o plutarch_n fortuna_fw-la id_fw-la unum_fw-la hominibus_fw-la non_fw-la aufert_fw-la quod_fw-la bene_fw-la fuerit_fw-la consultum_fw-la what_o a_o man_n have_v once_o well_o advise_v that_o and_o only_o that_o fortune_n can_v never_o despoil_v he_o of_o which_o tiberius_n the_o roman_a emperor_n well_o understand_v of_o who_o suetonius_n report_v quod_fw-la minimum_fw-la fortunae_fw-la casibusque_fw-la permittebat_fw-la that_o he_o trust_v very_o little_a to_o fortune_n or_o casualty_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o caesar_n counsel_v in_o this_o place_n ne_fw-la minimus_fw-la quidem_fw-la casui_fw-la locum_fw-la relinqui_fw-la debuisse_fw-la that_o no_o place_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o least_o casualty_n it_o be_v a_o hard_a condition_n to_o expose_v a_o naked_a party_n to_o the_o malice_n of_o a_o enemy_n or_o to_o disadvantage_n he_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o sight_n a_o army_n without_o a_o guard_n at_o any_o time_n be_v mere_o naked_a and_o more_o subject_a to_o slaughter_n than_o those_o that_o never_o take_v arm_n and_o the_o rather_o where_o the_o watch_n be_v want_v for_o there_o sudden_a chance_n can_v hardly_o be_v prevent_v and_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o avoid_v any_o such_o unexpected_a casualty_n they_o have_v great_a cause_n to_o thank_v fortune_n for_o her_o favour_n then_o to_o be_v angry_a with_o she_o for_o her_o malice_n for_o prevention_n at_o such_o time_n be_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o they_o be_v whole_o at_o her_o mercy_n as_o caesar_n have_v right_o deliver_v touch_v this_o accident_n and_o therefore_o whether_o a_o army_n march_v forward_o or_o continue_v in_o a_o place_n sleep_n or_o wake_v play_v or_o work_v go_v in_o hazard_n or_o rest_v secure_a let_v not_o so_o great_a a_o body_n be_v at_o any_o time_n without_o a_o competent_a strength_n to_o answer_v the_o spite_n of_o such_o misadventure_n chap._n xviii_o caesar_n return_v to_o spoil_v the_o enemy_n and_o punish_v acco_n caesar_n return_v again_o to_o trouble_v and_o vex_v the_o enemy_n caesar_n have_v call_v a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n from_o the_o border_a city_n he_o send_v they_o out_o into_o all_o part_n all_o the_o village_n and_o house_n which_o be_v any_o where_o to_o be_v see_v be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n pillage_n and_o booty_n be_v take_v in_o every_o place_n the_o corn_n be_v not_o only_o consume_v by_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n but_o beat_v down_o also_o by_o the_o unseasenableness_n of_o the_o year_n and_o continual_a rain_n insomuch_o that_o albeit_o divers_a do_v hide_v themselves_o for_o the_o present_a yet_o the_o army_n be_v withdraw_v they_o must_v necessary_o perish_v through_o want_n and_o scarcity_n and_o oftentimes_o they_o happen_v of_o the_o place_n the_o horseman_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o quarter_n where_o they_o do_v not_o only_o see_v ambiorix_n but_o keep_v he_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o sight_n and_o in_o hope_v still_o to_o take_v he_o some_o that_o think_v to_o demerit_n caesar_n high_a favour_n take_v such_o infinite_a pain_n as_o be_v almost_o beyond_o the_o power_n of_o nature_n and_o ever_o there_o seem_v but_o a_o little_a between_o they_o and_o the_o thing_n they_o most_o desire_v but_o he_o convey_v himself_o away_o through_o den_n and_o wood_n and_o dale_n and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n seek_v other_o country_n and_o quarter_n with_o no_o great_a a_o guard_n of_o horse_n than_o four_o to_o who_o only_o he_o dare_v commit_v the_o safety_n of_o his_o life_n the_o country_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n harry_v and_o depopulate_v caesar_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o cohort_n bring_v back_o his_o army_n to_o durocortorum_n in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n where_o a_o parliament_n be_v summon_v he_o determine_v to_o call_v in_o question_n the_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o senones_n and_o carnutes_n and_o especial_o acco_n the_o principal_a author_n of_o that_o council_n who_o be_v condemn_v be_v put_v to_o death_n more_fw-it majorum_fw-la some_o other_o fear_v the_o like_a judgement_n save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n these_o he_o interdict_a fire_n and_o water_n so_o leave_v two_o legion_n to_o winter_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o treviri_n and_o two_o other_o among_o the_o lingones_n and_o the_o other_o six_o at_o agendicum_n in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o senones_n have_v make_v provision_n of_o corn_n for_o the_o army_n he_o go_v into_o italy_n ad_fw-la conventus_fw-la agendos_fw-la observation_n the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o summer_n work_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o the_o sack_n and_o depopulation_n of_o the_o eburones_n as_o the_o extremity_n of_o hostile_a fury_n when_o the_o enemy_n lie_v in_o the_o fastness_n of_o the_o country_n and_o refuse_v to_o make_v open_a war_n that_o be_v do_v caesar_n proceed_v in_o a_o course_n of_o civil_a judgement_n with_o such_o principal_a offender_n as_o be_v of_o the_o conspiracy_n and_o namely_o with_o acco_n who_o he_o punish_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o old_a roman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v with_o such_o offender_n as_o have_v forfeit_v their_o loyalty_n to_o their_o country_n a_o kind_n of_o death_n which_o nero_n know_v not_o although_o he_o have_v be_v emperor_n of_o rome_n thirteen_o year_n and_o put_v to_o death_n many_o thousand_o people_n the_o party_n condemn_v be_v to_o have_v his_o neck_n lock_v in_o a_o fork_n and_o to_o be_v whip_v naked_a to_o death_n and_o he_o that_o be_v put_v to_o death_n after_o that_o manner_n be_v punish_v more_o majorum_fw-la such_o other_o as_o fear_v to_o undergo_v the_o judgement_n and_o flee_v before_o they_o come_v to_o trial_n be_v banish_v out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o make_v uncapable_a of_o the_o benefit_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n in_o that_o empire_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o six_o commentary_n the_o seven_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n the_o argument_n this_o last_o commentary_n contain_v the_o specialty_n of_o the_o war_n which_o caesar_n make_v against_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n unite_v into_o one_o confederacy_n for_o the_o expelling_a of_o the_o roman_a government_n out_o of_o that_o continent_n who_o caesar_n overthrow_v in_o the_o end_n horribili_fw-la vigilantia_fw-la &_o prodigiosis_fw-la operibus_fw-la by_o his_o horrible_a vigilancy_n and_o prodigious_a action_n chap._n i._n the_o gall_n enter_v into_o new_a deliberation_n of_o revolt_n gallia_n be_v in_o quiet_a 〈◊〉_d caesar_n according_a to_o his_o determination_n go_v into_o italy_n to_o keep_v court_n and_o session_n there_o he_o under_o stand_v that_o p._n clodius_n be_v slay_v and_o of_o a_o decree_n which_o the_o senate_n have_v make_v touch_v the_o assembly_n of_o all_o the_o youth_n of_o italy_n and_o thereupon_o he_o purpose_v to_o enroll_v new_a band_n throughout_o the_o whole_a province_n these_o news_n be_v quick_o carry_v over_o the_o alps_n into_o gallia_n &_o the_o gall_n themselves_o add_v such_o rumour_n to_o it_o as_o the_o matter_n seem_v well_o to_o to_o bear_v that_o caesar_n be_v now_o detain_v by_o the_o trouble_n at_o rome_n and_o in_o such_o dissension_n can_v not_o return_v to_o his_o army_n be_v stir_v up_o by_o this_o occasion_n such_o as_o before_o be_v inward_o grieve_v that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n do_v now_o more_o free_o and_o bold_o enter_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o war_n the_o prince_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o gallia_n have_v appoint_v counsel_n and_o meeting_n in_o remote_a and_o woody_a place_n complain_v of_o the_o death_n of_o acco_n and_o show_v it_o to_o be_v a_o fortune_n which_o may_v concern_v themselves_o they_o pity_v the_o common_a misery_n of_o gallia_n and_o do_v propound_v all_o manner_n of_o promise_n and_o reward_n to_o such_o as_o will_v begin_v the_o war_n and_o with_o the_o danger_n of_o their_o life_n redeem_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n where_o in_o they_o be_v to_o be_v very_o careful_a not_o to_o foreslow_v any_o time_n to_o the_o end_n that_o caesar_n may_v be_v stop_v from_o come_v to_o his_o army_n before_o their_o secret_a conference_n be_v discover_v which_o may_v easy_o
persuade_v the_o hedui_n diligent_o to_o make_v supply_n of_o necessary_a provision_n he_o send_v to_o the_o boii_n to_o advertise_v they_o of_o his_o come_n to_o encourage_v they_o to_o continue_v loyal_a and_o noble_o to_o resist_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o leave_v two_o legion_n with_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n at_o agendicum_n he_o march_v towards_o the_o boii_n the_o next_o day_n come_v to_o a_o town_n of_o the_o senones_n call_v vellaunodunum_n he_o determine_v to_o take_v it_o in_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v leave_v no_o enemy_n behind_o he_o which_o may_v hinder_v a_o speedy_a supply_n of_o victual_n and_o in_o two_o day_n he_o enclose_v it_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n the_o three_o day_n some_o be_v send_v out_o touch_v the_o give_v up_o of_o the_o town_n he_o command_v all_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o cattle_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o and_o six_o hundred_o pledge_n to_o be_v deliver_v leave_v c._n trebonius_n a_o legate_n to_o see_v it_o perform_v he_o himself_o make_v all_o speed_n towards_o genabum_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o man_n of_o chartres_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v of_o the_o take_n in_o of_o vellaunodunum_n persuade_v themselves_o the_o matter_n will_v not_o rest_v so_o they_o resolve_v to_o put_v a_o strong_a garrison_n into_o genabum_n thither_o come_v caesar_n within_o two_o day_n and_o encamp_v himself_o before_o the_o town_n the_o evening_n draw_v on_o he_o put_v off_o the_o assault_n unto_o the_o next_o day_n command_v the_o soldier_n to_o prepare_v in_o a_o readiness_n such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v necessary_a for_o that_o service_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o town_n of_o genabum_n have_v a_o bridge_n lead_v over_o the_o river_n loire_n he_o fear_v lest_o they_o of_o the_o town_n will_v steal_v away_o in_o the_o night_n for_o prevention_n whereof_o he_o command_v two_o legion_n to_o watch_v all_o night_n in_o arm_n the_o townsman_n a_o little_a before_o midnight_n go_v out_o quiet_o and_o begin_v to_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n which_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o scout_n caesar_n with_o the_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v ready_a in_o arm_n burn_v the_o gate_n and_o enter_v the_o town_n take_v it_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v take_v and_o a_o very_a few_o escape_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o bridge_n and_o the_o way_n which_o shut_v in_o the_o multitude_n the_o town_n be_v sack_v and_o burn_v and_o give_v for_o a_o booty_n to_o the_o soldier_n he_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n loire_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o bituriges_n the_o first_o observation_n it_o be_v a_o know_v and_o a_o approve_a saying_n e_z malis_fw-la minimum_fw-la est_fw-la eligendum_fw-la of_o evil_n the_o least_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v but_o in_o a_o presentment_n of_o evil_n to_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v the_o difference_n and_o to_o choose_v the_o least_o hic_fw-la labour_n hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la here_o be_v all_o the_o skill_n and_o work_v vercingetorix_n besiege_v gergovia_n a_o stipendiary_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o hedui_n auvergne_n that_o of_o long_a time_n have_v serve_v the_o roman_a empire_n at_o such_o a_o time_n of_o the_o year_n as_o will_v not_o afford_v provision_n of_o victual_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o army_n but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o inconvenience_n of_o carriage_n and_o convoy_n caesar_n be_v much_o perplex_v whether_o he_o shall_v forbear_v to_o succour_v the_o town_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n or_o undergo_v the_o hazard_n of_o long_a and_o tedious_a convoy_n a_o matter_n often_o fall_v into_o dispute_n although_o it_o be_v in_o other_o term_n whether_o honesty_n or_o honourable_a respect_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o private_a ease_n and_o particular_a commodity_n caesar_n have_v declare_v himself_o touch_v this_o point_n prefer_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o majesty_n of_o their_o empire_n and_o the_o reputation_n which_o they_o desire_v to_o hold_v touch_v assistance_n and_o protection_n of_o their_o friend_n before_o any_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o their_o army_n and_o not_o without_o good_a reason_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v as_o well_o from_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o from_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o effect_n for_o duty_n of_o virtue_n and_o respect_n of_o honesty_n as_o the_o noble_a part_n of_o the_o mind_n do_v not_o only_o challenge_v the_o service_n of_o the_o inferior_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o do_v also_o command_v the_o body_n and_o the_o casaulty_n thereof_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o be_v fit_v the_o excellency_n of_o their_o prerogative_n for_o otherwise_o virtue_n will_v find_v but_o bare_a attendance_n and_o may_v leave_v her_o sceptre_n for_o want_v of_o lawful_a authority_n and_o therefore_o caesar_n choose_v rather_o to_o adventure_v the_o army_n upon_o the_o casualty_n of_o hard_a provision_n then_o to_o blemish_v the_o roman_a name_n with_o the_o infamy_n of_o disloyalty_n which_o be_v less_o dangerous_a also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o effect_n for_o where_o the_o bond_n be_v of_o value_n there_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v great_a and_o if_o that_o tie_n have_v be_v break_v and_o their_o opinion_n deceive_v touch_v the_o expectation_n of_o assistance_n and_o help_n all_o gallia_n may_v have_v have_v just_a cause_n of_o revolt_n and_o disclaim_v the_o roman_a government_n for_o non-protection_n to_o conclude_v then_o let_v no_o man_n deceive_v himself_o in_o the_o present_a benefit_n which_o private_a respect_n may_v bring_v upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o honest_a regard_n for_o the_o end_n will_v be_v a_o witness_n of_o the_o error_n and_o prove_v honesty_n to_o be_v best_a policy_n the_o second_o observation_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o some_o writer_n thing_n that_o caesar_n never_o undertake_v any_o action_n or_o at_o the_o least_o bring_v it_o not_o to_o trial_n but_o he_o first_o assure_v himself_o of_o these_o four_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v provision_n of_o victual_n as_o the_o very_a foundation_n of_o warlike_a expedition_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o treat_v in_o the_o first_o commentary_n the_o difficulty_n whereof_o make_v he_o so_o doubtful_a to_o undertake_v the_o relief_n of_o gergovia_n and_o doubtless_o whosoever_o go_v about_o any_o enterprise_n of_o war_n without_o certain_a mean_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n must_v either_o carry_v a_o army_n of_o chameleon_n that_o may_v live_v by_o the_o air_n or_o intend_v nothing_o but_o to_o build_v castle_n in_o the_o air_n or_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o find_v his_o enemy_n either_o in_o his_o bosom_n or_o as_o the_o proverb_n be_v in_o plutarch_n 〈◊〉_d to_o leap_v on_o his_o belly_n with_o both_o his_o foot_n the_o second_o thing_n be_v provision_n of_o all_o necessary_n which_o may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o that_o service_n wherewith_o he_o always_o so_o abound_v that_o there_o may_v rather_o want_v occasion_n to_o use_v they_o than_o he_o be_v want_v to_o answer_v occasion_n and_o these_o be_v the_o instrument_n whereby_o he_o make_v such_o admirable_a work_n such_o bridge_n such_o mount_n such_o trench_n such_o huge_a armada_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o sea-fight_n with_o the_o maritime_a city_n of_o gallia_n 3._o according_a to_o which_o his_o former_a custom_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v before_o he_o come_v to_o genabum_n he_o command_v such_o thing_n to_o be_v sit_v and_o have_v in_o a_o readiness_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o siege_n the_o next_o day_n the_o three_o thing_n be_v a_o army_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o old_a soldier_n who_o the_o roman_n call_v veteram_fw-la whereof_o he_o be_v likewise_o at_o this_o time_n provide_v for_o the_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v fresh_a and_o late_o inrole_v he_o leave_v at_o agendâ—cum_n with_o the_o carriage_n take_v only_o the_o old_a soldier_n for_o this_o service_n as_o know_v that_o in_o pugna_fw-la usum_fw-la amplius_fw-la prodesse_fw-la quam_fw-la vires_fw-la usefulness_n be_v more_o serviceable_a in_o war_n then_o number_n the_o four_o thing_n be_v the_o trial_n and_o experience_n of_o the_o enemy_n force_n which_o the_o former_a victory_n assure_v he_o to_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v always_o a_o rule_n in_o the_o roman_a discipline_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v â—_o by_o light_n and_o easy_a skirmish_n to_o acquaint_v the_o soldier_n with_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o enemy_n fight_v ne_o eos_fw-la novum_fw-la bellum_fw-la novus_fw-la hostess_fw-la terreret_fw-la lest_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o fight_n or_o enemy_n may_v affright_v they_o as_o lâ—vy_n say_v chap._n vi_o caesar_n take_v in_o noviodunum_n and_o beat_v the_o enemy_n come_v to_o rescue_v the_o town_n vercingetorix_n understanding_n of_o caesar_n come_n caesar_n leave_v the_o siege_n and_o go_v to_o meet_v he_o caesar_n resolve_v to_o take_v
a_o town_n lie_v in_o his_o way_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o bituriges_n call_v noviodunum_n which_o they_o of_o the_o town_n perceive_v send_v out_o unto_o he_o to_o beseech_v he_o to_o spare_v they_o and_o to_o give_v order_n for_o their_o safety_n to_o the_o end_n therefore_o that_o he_o may_v speed_v thaâ—_n business_n with_o as_o much_o celerity_n as_o he_o have_v accomplish_v former_a service_n he_o command_v they_o to_o bring_v out_o their_o arm_n their_o horse_n and_o to_o deliver_v pledge_n part_v of_o the_o hostage_n be_v give_v while_o the_o rest_n be_v in_o deliver_v over_o divers_a centurion_n and_o a_o few_o soldier_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o town_n to_o seek_v out_o their_o weapon_n and_o their_o horse_n the_o horseman_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o march_v before_o vercingetorix_n army_n be_v discover_v a_o far_o off_o which_o the_o townsman_n have_v no_o soon_o perceive_v and_o thereby_o conceive_v some_o hope_n of_o relief_n but_o they_o present_o take_v up_o a_o shout_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n shut_v the_o gate_n and_o begin_v to_o make_v good_a the_o wall_n the_o centurion_n that_o be_v in_o the_o town_n perceive_v some_o new_a resolution_n of_o the_o gall_n with_o their_o sword_n draw_v possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o gate_n and_o save_v both_o themselves_o and_o their_o man_n that_o be_v in_o the_o town_n caesar_n command_v the_o horseman_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o to_o begin_v the_o charge_n and_o as_o they_o begin_v to_o give_v ground_n he_o send_v four_o hundred_o german_a horseman_n to_o second_v they_o who_o he_o have_v resolve_v to_o keep_v with_o he_o from_o the_o first_o who_o charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o such_o fury_n that_o the_o gall_n can_v no_o way_n endure_v the_o assault_n but_o be_v present_o put_v to_o flight_n and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v the_o rest_n retire_v back_o to_o the_o army_n upon_o their_o overthrow_n the_o townsman_n be_v worse_o affright_v than_o they_o be_v before_o and_o have_v apprehend_v such_o as_o be_v think_v to_o have_v stir_v up_o the_o people_n they_o bring_v they_o to_o caesar_n and_o yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o which_o be_v end_v caesar_n march_v towards_o the_o town_n of_o avaricum_n which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o best_a fortify_v of_o all_o the_o town_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o bituriges_n and_o situate_v in_o the_o most_o fertile_a part_n of_o the_o country_n for_o that_o be_v take_v in_o he_o doubt_v not_o to_o bring_v the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o bituriges_n easy_o into_o his_o subjection_n observation_n forasmuch_o as_o nothing_o be_v more_o changeable_a than_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o baseness_n wherein_o it_o often_o sit_v will_v as_o occasion_n give_v way_n to_o revenge_n ready_o amount_v to_o the_o height_n of_o tyranny_n and_o spare_v no_o labour_n to_o cry_v quittance_n with_o a_o enemy_n it_o have_v be_v think_v expedient_a in_o the_o wisdom_n of_o forego_v age_n to_o pluck_v the_o wing_n of_o so_o mount_v a_o bird_n and_o to_o deprive_v a_o enemy_n of_o such_o mean_n as_o may_v give_v hope_n of_o liberty_n by_o mutiny_n and_o revolt_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o take_v in_o any_o town_n enemy_n be_v to_o leave_v they_o forceless_a that_o howsoever_o they_o may_v stand_v affect_v their_o nail_n shall_v be_v sure_o pay_v for_o scratch_v and_o their_o power_n confine_v to_o the_o circuit_n of_o their_o mind_n for_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o and_o many_o other_o place_n of_o caesar_n no_o rendry_n of_o any_o town_n be_v accept_v until_o they_o have_v deliver_v all_o their_o arm_n both_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a with_o such_o engine_n and_o instrument_n of_o war_n as_o may_v any_o way_n make_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o same_o neither_o that_o only_a but_o such_o beast_n also_o whether_o horse_n or_o elephant_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o as_o may_v any_o way_n advantage_n the_o use_n of_o those_o weapon_n which_o as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a dismay_n and_o weaken_n to_o the_o enemy_n so_o be_v it_o short_a of_o the_o three_o condition_n command_v the_o delivery_n of_o so_o many_o hostage_n or_o pledge_n as_o be_v think_v convenient_a be_v the_o prime_n of_o their_o youth_n and_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o manhood_n and_o be_v as_o the_o marrow_n to_o their_o bone_n and_o the_o sinew_n to_o that_o body_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o remnant_n be_v much_o disable_v in_o strength_n concern_v their_o number_n of_o fight_a man_n and_o such_o as_o be_v leave_v have_v neither_o arm_n nor_o mean_n to_o make_v resistance_n the_o turk_n observe_v the_o same_o course_n with_o the_o christian_n but_o in_o a_o more_o cruel_a and_o barbarous_a manner_n for_o he_o come_v due_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n not_o regard_v any_o former_a demeanour_n and_o lead_v away_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o youth_n to_o be_v invest_v in_o impiety_n and_o infidelity_n and_o to_o be_v make_v vassal_n of_o heathenish_a impurity_n oftentimes_o we_o read_v that_o a_o conquer_a people_n be_v not_o only_o interdict_v arm_n but_o the_o matter_n also_o and_o the_o art_n whereby_o such_o arm_n be_v make_v and_o wrought_v for_o where_o the_o people_n be_v great_a and_o mettle_n and_o matter_n plenty_n it_o be_v a_o chance_n if_o artificer_n be_v want_v to_o repair_v their_o loss_n and_o to_o refurnish_v their_o armoury_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o carthage_n the_o roman_n have_v take_v away_o their_o arm_n they_o notwithstanding_o find_v store_n of_o mettle_n within_o the_o town_n cause_v workman_n to_o make_v every_o day_n a_o hundred_o target_n and_o three_o hundred_o sword_n beside_o arrow_n and_o cast_a sling_n use_v woman_n hair_n for_o want_v of_o hemp_n and_o pull_v down_o their_o house_n for_o timber_n to_o build_v ship_v whereby_o we_o may_v perceive_v that_o a_o general_n can_v be_v too_o careful_a to_o deprive_v a_o enemy_n of_o all_o such_o help_n as_o may_v any_o way_n strengthen_v his_o hand_n or_o make_v way_n to_o resistance_n chap._n vii_o vercingetorix_n persuade_v the_o gall_n to_o a_o new_a course_n of_o war_n vercingetorix_n have_v receive_v so_o many_o loss_n one_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o another_o caesar_n conte_z vellaunodunum_n orâ—â—â—ns_n genabum_n &_o noyon_n noviodunum_n be_v take_v he_o call_v his_o man_n to_o council_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o war_n must_v be_v carry_v in_o another_o course_n than_o it_o have_v be_v heretofore_o for_o they_o must_v endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o keep_v the_o roman_n from_o forage_n and_o convoy_n of_o victual_n which_o will_v easy_o be_v bring_v to_o pass_v forasmuch_o as_o they_o themselves_o do_v abound_v in_o horseman_n and_o for_o that_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n do_v not_o yet_o serve_v to_o get_v forage_n in_o the_o field_n the_o enemy_n must_v necessary_o seek_v it_o in_o house_n and_o barn_n whereby_o the_o forager_n will_v daily_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o their_o horseman_n moreover_o for_o their_o safety_n and_o defence_n they_o be_v to_o neglect_v their_o private_a commodity_n their_o house_n and_o their_o village_n be_v to_o be_v burn_v up_o round_o about_o as_o far_o as_o boia_n wheresoever_o the_o roman_n may_v go_v to_o fetch_v their_o forage_n for_o themselves_o they_o think_v it_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v make_v supply_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n in_o who_o possession_n they_o be_v and_o for_o who_o they_o fight_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o rom._n will_v never_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v that_o want_n as_o will_v befall_v they_o or_o at_o the_o least_o be_v constrain_v to_o fetch_v their_o provision_n far_o off_o with_o great_a danger_n and_o peril_n to_o themselves_o neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o matter_n whether_o they_o kill_v they_o or_o put_v they_o beside_o their_o carriage_n for_o without_o necessary_a supply_n they_o be_v never_o able_a to_o hold_v war_n and_o to_o conclude_v such_o town_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n as_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o situation_n be_v not_o safe_a from_o danger_n lest_o they_o shall_v prove_v receptacle_n to_o linger_v and_o detract_v the_o war_n and_o serve_v the_o roman_n for_o booty_n and_o supply_n of_o provision_n and_o albeit_o these_o thing_n may_v seem_v heavy_a and_o bitter_a yet_o they_o ought_v to_o esteem_v it_o more_o grievous_a to_o have_v their_o wife_n and_o their_o child_n lead_v away_o into_o servitude_n and_o themselves_o to_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o do_v necessary_o fall_v upon_o a_o conquer_a people_n this_o opinion_n be_v general_o approve_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o man_n and_o more_o than_o twenty_o city_n of_o the_o bituriges_n be_v burn_v in_o one_o day_n the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o other_o state_n
man_n use_v to_o fight_v with_o afar_o off_o the_o use_n whereof_o be_v too_o much_o neglect_v by_o the_o english_a of_o these_o time_n consider_v the_o honour_n they_o have_v achieve_v by_o it_o in_o former_a age_n chap._n xvi_o a_o controversy_n fall_v out_o in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n touch_v the_o choice_n of_o their_o chief_a magistrate_n caesar_n staâ—ed_v many_o day_n at_o avaricum_n caesar_n for_o find_v there_o great_a store_n of_o corn_n and_o of_o other_o provision_n he_o refresh_v his_o army_n of_o their_o former_a labour_n and_o want_n the_o winter_n now_o be_v almost_o end_v and_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v fit_a for_o war_n he_o determine_v to_o follow_v the_o enemy_n to_o see_v whether_o he_o can_v draw_v he_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o bog_n or_o besiege_v he_o in_o some_o place_n be_v thus_o resolve_v divers_a of_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o hedui_n come_v unto_o he_o beseech_v he_o that_o he_o will_v stand_v to_o they_o and_o assist_v their_o state_n in_o a_o time_n of_o great_a need_n the_o matter_n be_v in_o extreme_a danger_n forasmuch_o as_o their_o ancient_a usage_n be_v for_o one_o to_o be_v create_v their_o annual_a magistrate_n have_v regal_a authority_n for_o that_o year_n whereas_o now_o two_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o say_a office_n both_o of_o they_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o belawful_o create_v the_o one_o be_v convictolitanis_n a_o famous_a and_o flourish_a young_a man_n the_o other_z cotus_n bear_v of_o a_o ancient_a family_n and_o he_o himself_o of_o great_a power_n and_o kindred_n who_o brother_n vedeliacus_n have_v bear_v the_o say_a office_n the_o year_n before_o all_o their_o state_n be_v in_o arm_n their_o senate_n and_o their_o people_n divide_v together_o with_o their_o client_n and_o follower_n if_o the_o controversy_n continue_v for_o any_o time_n it_o will_v come_v to_o a_o battle_n the_o prevention_n whereof_o consist_v in_o his_o diligence_n and_o authority_n caesar_n though_o he_o know_v it_o will_v be_v disadvantageous_a unto_o he_o to_o leave_v the_o war_n and_o to_o forsake_v the_o enemy_n yet_o know_v what_o inconvenience_n do_v usual_o arise_v of_o such_o discord_n and_o dissension_n lest_o so_o great_a a_o state_n and_o so_o near_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v always_o favour_v and_o by_o all_o mean_v honour_v shall_v fall_v to_o war_n among_o themselves_o and_o that_o faction_n which_o disinherit_v their_o own_o strength_n shall_v seek_v help_n of_o vercingetorix_n he_o think_v it_o most_o necessary_a to_o be_v prevent_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o such_o as_o be_v create_v chief_a magistrate_n among_o the_o hedui_n be_v by_o their_o law_n forbid_v to_o go_v out_o of_o their_o confine_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o derogate_v any_o thing_n from_o their_o law_n he_o himself_o determine_v to_o go_v unto_o they_o at_o his_o come_n he_o call_v before_o he_o to_o decetia_n all_o the_o senate_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v in_o controversy_n for_o the_o office_n and_o find_v in_o a_o assembly_n almost_o of_o the_o whole_a state_n that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o few_o privy_o call_v together_o in_o another_o place_n and_o at_o another_o time_n than_o be_v accustom_v the_o brother_n pronounce_v the_o brother_n whereas_o their_o law_n do_v not_o only_o forbid_v two_o of_o one_o family_n both_o be_v alive_a to_o be_v create_v magistrate_n but_o also_o to_o be_v of_o the_o senate_n together_o he_o compel_v cotus_n to_o give_v over_o his_o interest_n in_o the_o magistracy_n and_o confirm_v convictolitanis_n be_v create_v by_o their_o priest_n and_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o state_n this_o decree_n be_v ratify_v he_o adhort_v the_o hedui_n to_o forget_v their_o private_a controversy_n and_o dissension_n and_o to_o give_v their_o best_a help_n to_o the_o war_n in_o hand_n wherein_o they_o may_v challenge_v and_o expect_v the_o gall_n be_v subdue_v such_o reward_n as_o they_o deserve_v command_v all_o their_o horse_n and_o ten_o thousand_o foot_n to_o be_v speedy_o send_v unto_o he_o which_o he_o mean_v to_o dispose_v into_o garrison_n for_o the_o better_a provision_n of_o corn_n and_o then_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o part_n he_o send_v four_o legion_n towards_o the_o senones_n &_o the_o pariâ—ians_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o labienus_n the_o other_o four_o he_o lead_v himself_o against_o the_o arverni_n to_o the_o town_n of_o gergovia_n along_o the_o râ—ver_n elaver_n send_v part_n of_o the_o horse_n with_o he_o and_o keep_v part_n with_o himself_o observation_n to_o loose_v the_o least_o jot_n of_o that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v in_o possession_n tuerk_n be_v more_o dishonourable_a then_o to_o fail_v of_o get_v what_o he_o have_v not_o and_o therefore_o caesar_n choose_v rather_o to_o forgo_v the_o advantage_n which_o a_o speedy_a pursuit_n of_o the_o enemy_n may_v have_v afford_v he_o to_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n then_o to_o hazard_v the_o loss_n of_o so_o great_a a_o state_n &_o so_o well-affected_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o be_v the_o hedui_n wherein_o he_o carry_v so_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a a_o hand_n that_o he_o will_v do_v nothing_o but_o what_o the_o law_n of_o that_o state_n direct_v he_o unto_o as_o most_o assure_v that_o such_o direction_n be_v without_o exception_n chap._n xvii_o caesar_n pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n elaver_n and_o incamp_v himself_o before_o gergovia_n which_o thing_n be_v know_v caesar_n vercingetorix_n have_v break_v down_o all_o the_o bridge_n of_o that_o river_n take_v his_o journey_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o elaver_n either_o army_n be_v in_o view_n each_o of_o other_o and_o encamp_v almost_o over_o against_o one_o another_o discoverer_n be_v send_v out_o to_o watch_v lest_o the_o roman_n shall_v make_v a_o bridge_n in_o any_o place_n and_o carry_v over_o their_o force_n caesar_n be_v much_o trouble_v lest_o he_o shall_v be_v hinder_v by_o the_o river_n the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o summer_n forasmuch_o as_o elaver_n be_v not_o passable_a at_o any_o ford_n until_o towards_o the_o autumn_n and_o therefore_o to_o prevent_v that_o he_o encamp_v himself_o in_o a_o woody_a place_n right_o over_o against_o one_o of_o those_o bridge_n which_o vercingetorix_n have_v command_v to_o be_v break_v the_o next_o day_n he_o keep_v himself_o there_o secret_o with_o two_o legion_n and_o send_v forward_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o force_n with_o all_o the_o carriage_n as_o be_v accustom_v take_v away_o the_o four_o part_n of_o each_o cohort_n that_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o same_o command_v they_o to_o go_v on_o as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v and_o make_v conjecture_n by_o the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n that_o they_o be_v come_v to_o their_o camping-place_n upon_o the_o same_o pile_n the_o low_a part_n whereof_o remain_v there_o whole_a he_o begin_v to_o reedify_v the_o bridge_n and_o have_v speedy_o end_v the_o work_n and_o carry_v over_o the_o legion_n and_o choose_v a_o fit_a place_n to_o encamp_v in_o he_o call_v back_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n vercingetorix_n have_v notice_n thereof_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v against_o his_o will_n go_v before_o by_o great_a journey_n caesar_n with_o five_o encamp_n go_v from_o that_o place_n to_o gergovia_n and_o after_o a_o light_a skirmish_n between_o the_o horse_n the_o same_o day_n he_o come_v have_v take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v build_v upon_o a_o very_a high_a hill_n and_o have_v very_o hard_a and_o difficult_a approach_n on_o all_o side_n he_o despair_v of_o take_v it_o by_o assault_n neither_o will_v he_o determine_v to_o besiege_v it_o until_o he_o have_v make_v provision_n of_o corn_n but_o vercingetorix_n have_v set_v his_o camp_n on_o a_o hill_n before_o the_o town_n have_v place_v the_o several_a force_n of_o the_o state_n by_o themselves_o in_o small_a distance_n round_o about_o hâ—m_n and_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o top_n of_o that_o hill_n make_v a_o very_a terrible_a show_n into_o all_o part_n where_o he_o may_v be_v see_v he_o command_v likewise_o the_o chiefman_n of_o the_o state_n who_o he_o have_v choose_v out_o to_o be_v of_o the_o council_n of_o war_n to_o meet_v always_o together_o with_o hâ—m_n at_o the_o dawn_n of_o the_o day_n to_o know_v if_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v communicate_v unto_o they_o or_o what_o else_o be_v to_o be_v do_v neither_o do_v he_o omit_v any_o day_n to_o skirmish_v with_o his_o horseman_n with_o archer_n intermingle_v among_o they_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v try_v what_o courage_n and_o valour_n be_v in_o his_o people_n right_o over_o against_o the_o town_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n there_o be_v
philosopher_n ingratum_fw-la si_fw-la dixeris_fw-la omne_fw-la dixeris_fw-la ingratitude_n be_v culpable_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o wickedness_n and_o deserve_v the_o great_a measure_n of_o revenge_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o virtue_n and_o make_v man_n forget_v to_o do_v good_a for_o whereas_o the_o nature_n of_o goodness_n be_v special_o see_v in_o communicate_v itself_o to_o the_o relief_n of_o other_o man_n want_n we_o ought_v to_o give_v all_o diligence_n not_o to_o hinder_v this_o enlargement_n nor_o by_o a_o froward_a and_o crooked_a example_n to_o prejudice_v other_o that_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o like_a favour_n i_o have_v often_o hear_v it_o speak_v but_o i_o know_v not_o how_o true_a it_o be_v and_o be_o loath_a to_o believe_v it_o that_o in_o the_o exchange_n of_o a_o good_a turn_n the_o party_n that_o receive_v it_o have_v more_o assurance_n of_o his_o benefactor_n touch_v a_o faithful_a and_o friendly_a disposition_n for_o the_o future_a time_n than_o he_o that_o show_v the_o kindness_n can_v have_v of_o the_o receiver_n for_o man_n be_v loath_a to_o loose_v both_o the_o fruit_n and_o the_o seed_n and_o will_v rather_o bestow_v more_o cost_n and_o labour_n then_o forgo_v the_o hope_n of_o their_o first_o endeavour_n expect_v both_o in_o reason_n and_o nature_n fruit_n answerable_a to_o their_o seed_n whereas_o the_o badness_n of_o our_o nature_n be_v such_o of_o itself_o ut_fw-la gratia_fw-la oneri_fw-la ultio_fw-la in_o quaestu_fw-la habetur_fw-la the_o second_o observation_n suggestion_n there_o be_v no_o mean_n so_o ready_a to_o abuse_v a_o multitude_n as_o false_a suggestion_n which_o like_o a_o lie_a spirit_n seduce_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n from_o the_o truth_n conceive_v and_o fashion_v their_o heart_n to_o such_o purpose_n as_o seem_v best_a to_o the_o abuser_n and_o the_o rather_o when_o it_o be_v deliver_v by_o a_o man_n of_o place_n and_o authority_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o pretend_v carefulness_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o people_n for_o than_o it_o sli_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o lightning_n in_o the_o air_n and_o delude_v the_o wise_a and_o best_a experience_a of_o the_o multitude_n a_o mischief_n that_o can_v hardly_o be_v prevent_v as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o tongue_n to_o speak_v or_o a_o ear_n to_o hear_v platonis_fw-la but_o as_o socrates_n say_v of_o pain_n and_o case_n that_o they_o be_v always_o tie_v together_o so_o man_n must_v endeavour_v to_o redeem_v the_o hurt_n of_o such_o a_o evil_a by_o the_o benefit_n which_o thereby_o be_v consequent_o employ_v for_o it_o be_v hard_o if_o wise_a man_n can_v not_o make_v the_o like_a use_n of_o a_o multitude_n to_o good_a purpose_n as_o these_o deceiver_n do_v for_o their_o own_o advantage_n numa_n pompilius_n to_o who_o the_o roman_a empire_n do_v owe_v as_o much_o for_o law_n and_o civil_a government_n as_o to_o romulus_n for_o their_o martial_a discipline_n the_o better_a to_o establish_v such_o ordinance_n and_o decree_n as_o he_o make_v in_o his_o kingdom_n feign_v familiar_a acquaintance_n with_o a_o goddess_n of_o that_o time_n call_v egeria_n and_o by_o she_o he_o say_v he_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o statute_n which_o he_o make_v be_v both_o equal_a and_o just_a and_o good_a for_o the_o roman_n to_o observe_v and_o the_o people_n find_v no_o hurt_n in_o believe_v it_o in_o like_a manner_n lycurgus_n have_v give_v many_o law_n to_o the_o spartan_n repair_v to_o the_o city_n of_o delphos_n and_o there_o he_o get_v a_o please_a oracle_n which_o he_o send_v to_o sparta_n assure_v they_o that_o his_o law_n be_v very_o good_a and_o that_o city_n keep_v they_o shall_v be_v the_o most_o renown_a of_o the_o world_n and_o sertorius_n for_o want_n of_o other_o mean_v use_v the_o service_n of_o a_o white_a hind_n as_o a_o gift_n send_v he_o from_o diana_n to_o make_v the_o lusitanian_o believe_v whatsoever_o may_v best_o advantage_v his_o business_n and_o thus_o a_o multitude_n lie_v open_a to_o good_a and_o ill_a purpose_n and_o be_v either_o happy_a or_o unfortunate_a in_o the_o counsel_n of_o their_o leader_n chap._n xix_o caesar_n hinder_v the_o revolt_n of_o the_o hedui_n eporedorix_n the_o heduan_n caesar_n a_o young_a man_n of_o great_a parentage_n and_o of_o great_a power_n in_o his_o country_n together_o with_o viridomarus_n of_o like_a age_n and_o authority_n but_o not_o so_o noble_o bear_v who_o be_v prefer_v to_o caesar_n by_o divitiacus_n be_v by_o he_o advance_v from_o mean_a estate_n to_o great_a dignity_n come_v both_o to_o caesar_n with_o the_o heduan_n horseman_n be_v call_v out_o by_o name_n to_o that_o war_n by_o he_o between_o these_o two_o there_o be_v always_o contention_n who_o shall_v be_v the_o chief_a and_o in_o that_o controversy_n for_o magistracy_n the_o one_o stand_v for_o convictolitanis_n and_o the_o other_o for_o cotus_n of_o these_o two_o eporedorix_n understand_v the_o resolution_n of_o litavicus_n open_v the_o matter_n to_o caesar_n almost_o about_o midnight_n he_o pray_v he_o not_o to_o suffer_v their_o state_n to_o fall_v away_o from_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n by_o the_o wicked_a counsel_n of_o young_a man_n which_o will_v necessary_o fall_v out_o if_o he_o suffer_v so_o many_o thousand_o man_n to_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o enemy_n who_o safety_n as_o neither_o their_o kinsfolk_n will_v neglect_v so_o the_o state_n can_v not_o light_o esteem_v of_o caesar_n be_v much_o perplex_v at_o this_o message_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o have_v always_o cherish_v the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n without_o any_o further_a doubt_n or_o dispute_v he_o take_v four_o expedite_a and_o unburthened_a legion_n and_o all_o the_o horse_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n neither_o be_v there_o space_n at_o such_o a_o time_n to_o make_v the_o camp_n lesser_a forasmuch_o as_o the_o matter_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o expedition_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o c._n fabius_n a_o legate_n with_o two_o legion_n for_o a_o garrison_n to_o the_o camp_n and_o have_v give_v order_n for_o the_o apprehend_n of_o litavicus_n brethren_n he_o find_v that_o a_o little_a before_o they_o be_v flee_v to_o the_o enemy_n thereupon_o adhort_v the_o soldier_n not_o to_o think_v much_o of_o their_o labour_n in_o so_o necessary_a a_o time_n every_o man_n be_v most_o willing_a he_o go_v five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n and_o then_o meet_v with_o the_o force_n of_o the_o hedui_n the_o horseman_n be_v send_v to_o stay_v their_o march_n he_o command_v not_o to_o kill_v any_o one_o of_o they_o and_o give_v order_n to_o eporedorix_n and_o viridomarus_n who_o they_o think_v to_o be_v slay_v to_o ride_v up_o and_o down_o among_o the_o horseman_n and_o to_o call_v to_o their_o countryman_n they_o be_v once_o know_v and_o the_o fraud_n of_o litavicus_n discover_v the_o hedui_n stretch_v out_o their_o hand_n make_v sign_n of_o submission_n and_o cast_v away_o their_o weapon_n desire_v to_o be_v spare_v from_o death_n litavicus_n with_o his_o client_n and_o follower_n who_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o gallia_n must_v not_o forsake_v their_o patron_n in_o the_o extreme_a danger_n flee_v to_o gergovia_n caesar_n have_v dispatch_v messenger_n to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n to_o acquaint_v they_o that_o he_o have_v save_v their_o people_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n he_o may_v have_v slay_v give_v the_o army_n three_o hour_n rest_v that_o night_n and_o then_o return_v towards_o gergovia_n in_o the_o midway_n certain_a horseman_n send_v by_o fabius_n make_v know_v unto_o caesar_n in_o what_o danger_n the_o matter_n stand_v that_o the_o camp_n be_v assault_v with_o all_o the_o enemy_n force_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o such_o as_o be_v weary_v be_v still_o relieve_v with_o fresh_a man_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o our_o man_n faint_v with_o continual_a labour_n for_o the_o camp_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v always_o to_o stana_n upon_o the_o rampire_n to_o make_v it_o good_a and_o that_o many_o be_v wound_v with_o the_o multitude_n of_o arrow_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o weapon_n wherein_o their_o engine_n have_v serve_v they_o to_o good_a purpose_n for_o their_o defence_n fabius_n when_o these_o messenger_n come_v away_o have_v shut_v up_o two_o gate_n and_o leave_v other_o two_o open_a and_o have_v make_v shed_v and_o hovel_n for_o the_o better_a defence_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o prepare_v himself_o for_o the_o like_a fortune_n the_o next_o day_n these_o thing_n be_v know_v by_o the_o exceed_a travel_n of_o the_o soldier_n caesar_n come_v into_o the_o camp_n before_o sunrising_n observation_n as_o often_o as_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v occasion_n to_o make_v war_n beside_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n enrol_v for_o that_o service_n in_o such_o sort_n and_o with_o such_o ceremony_n as_o i_o have_v former_o deliver_v the_o consul_n or_o
he_o propound_v to_o the_o world_n as_o a_o absolute_a pattern_n both_o of_o military_a and_o civil_a virtue_n chap._n xxiii_o the_o roman_n continue_v the_o assault_n and_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o loss_n the_o contention_n be_v not_o indifferent_a to_o the_o roman_n â—â—â—sar_n neither_o in_o place_n nor_o in_o number_n of_o combatant_n be_v weary_v withal_o both_o with_o the_o long_a race_n which_o they_o have_v run_v and_o with_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o fight_n whereby_o they_o do_v not_o so_o easy_o bear_v the_o enemy_n be_v whole_a and_o fresh_a caesar_n see_v the_o fight_n to_o be_v in_o a_o unequal_a place_n and_o the_o enemy_n still_o to_o increase_v their_o force_n fear_v his_o people_n he_o send_v to_o t._n sextius_n the_o legate_n who_o he_o have_v leave_v to_o command_v the_o lesser_a camp_n to_o bring_v out_o the_o cohort_n speedy_o and_o to_o place_v they_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o our_o man_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v their_o place_n yet_o the_o enemy_n may_v be_v terrify_v from_o follow_v they_o over_o free_o he_o himself_o remove_v a_o little_a out_o of_o that_o place_n where_o he_o stand_v with_o the_o legion_n attend_v the_o event_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o as_o they_o fight_v at_o hand_n very_o fierce_o the_o enemy_n trust_v in_o the_o place_n and_o in_o the_o multitude_n and_o our_o man_n in_o their_o valour_n the_o hedui_n sudden_o appear_v on_o the_o open_a side_n of_o our_o man_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v up_o by_o another_o ascent_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o keep_v off_o part_n of_o the_o enemy_n these_o by_o the_o likeness_n of_o their_o armour_n do_v wonderful_o astonish_v our_o man_n who_o although_o they_o see_v their_o right_a arm_n show_v or_o put_v forth_o which_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o peace_n yet_o they_o doubt_v lest_o the_o enemy_n have_v use_v that_o policy_n to_o deceive_v they_o at_o the_o same_o instant_a l._n fabius_n the_o centurion_n and_o those_o that_o climb_v up_o upon_o the_o wall_n with_o he_o be_v slay_v be_v cast_v down_o from_o the_o wall_n again_o and_o m._n petreius_n a_o centurion_n of_o the_o same_o legion_n as_o he_o be_v about_o to_o cut_v down_o the_o gate_n be_v oppress_v with_o the_o multitude_n and_o despair_v of_o his_o own_o life_n have_v receive_v many_o wound_n forasmuch_o say_v he_o to_o his_o soldier_n that_o follow_v he_o as_o i_o can_v save_v myself_o and_o you_o too_o i_o will_v certain_o provide_v for_o your_o safety_n who_o i_o have_v bring_v into_o danger_n whilst_o i_o thirst_v after_o honour_n you_o while_o you_o may_v shift_n for_o yourselves_o and_o withal_o he_o break_v through_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n and_o with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o a_o couple_n he_o remove_v the_o rest_n from_o the_o gate_n and_o as_o his_o soldier_n go_v about_o to_o help_v he_o in_o vain_a say_v he_o do_v you_o endeavour_v to_o save_v my_o life_n which_o blood_n and_o strength_n have_v already_o forsake_v and_o therefore_o get_v you_o hence_o while_o you_o have_v mean_n and_o betake_v yourselves_o to_o the_o legion_n and_o so_o fight_v fall_v down_o dead_a but_o save_v his_o man_n our_o man_n be_v overcharge_v do_v all_o side_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o six_o and_o forty_o centurion_n be_v beat_v down_o from_o the_o place_n but_o the_o ten_o legion_n which_o stand_v for_o a_o rescue_n in_o a_o more_o equal_a place_n hinder_v the_o gall_n from_o follow_v over_o eager_o and_o again_o the_o cohort_n of_o the_o thirteen_o legion_n which_o sextius_n have_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n second_v that_o legion_n have_v get_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o upper_a ground_n the_o legion_n assoon_o as_o they_o come_v into_o the_o plain_a stand_v still_o and_o turn_v head_n to_o the_o enemy_n vercingetorix_n draw_v back_o his_o man_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o bring_v they_o into_o their_o camp_n that_o day_n few_o less_o than_o seven_o hundred_o soldier_n be_v want_v observation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o presumptuous_a rashness_n when_o man_n be_v become_v so_o pregnant_a as_o to_o take_v upon_o they_o more_o than_o be_v require_v but_o as_o they_o say_v of_o fair_a weather_n that_o it_o be_v pity_v it_o shall_v do_v hurt_v so_o be_v it_o great_a pity_n that_o valour_n and_o resolution_n shall_v prove_v disadvantageous_a for_o this_o over_n of_o a_o service_n be_v but_o the_o spirit_n of_o valiant_a carriage_n and_o the_o very_a motion_n of_o prowess_n and_o courage_n memorable_a in_o the_o offender_n themselves_o as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o this_o particular_a report_n of_o fabius_n and_o petreius_n and_o much_o to_o be_v pity_v that_o virtue_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n be_v overquell_v with_o a_o great_a strength_n at_o this_o service_n the_o roman_n stand_v in_o these_o term_n they_o be_v overmatch_v in_o number_n they_o have_v spend_v their_o strength_n in_o speedy_a run_v to_o the_o place_n which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o favourable_a unto_o they_o but_o almost_o as_o great_a a_o enemy_n as_o the_o gall_n only_o they_o trust_v in_o their_o valour_n and_o think_v by_o virtue_n to_o clear_v all_o difficulty_n the_o gall_n have_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o place_n a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o fight_a man_n they_o come_v fresh_a to_o the_o battle_n and_o be_v always_o second_v with_o fresh_a supply_n caesar_n see_v the_o two_o army_n engage_v one_o with_o another_o can_v neither_o part_v they_o nor_o recall_v his_o soldier_n but_o set_v such_o force_n as_o be_v free_a in_o such_o convenient_a place_n as_o may_v rescue_v his_o people_n in_o the_o retreat_n and_o keep_v the_o gall_n from_o follow_v the_o chase_n or_o make_v any_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o so_o great_a a_o inequality_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o sword_n draw_v to_o make_v way_n to_o death_n there_o be_v not_o seven_o hundred_o man_n lose_v of_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o yet_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v the_o great_a loss_n that_o ever_o he_o receive_v in_o those_o war_n in_o his_o own_o presence_n when_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o conflict_n give_v the_o enemy_n the_o better_a of_o the_o day_n chap._n xxiiii_o caesar_n rebuke_v the_o rashness_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o make_v light_a but_o successful_a skirmish_n upon_o the_o enemy_n caesar_n the_o next_o day_n call_v the_o army_n before_o he_o caesar_n rebuke_v the_o temerity_n and_o cupidity_n of_o the_o soldier_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v how_o far_o they_o be_v to_o go_v or_o what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v neither_o will_v they_o stay_v upon_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o retreat_n nor_o hearken_v to_o the_o tribune_n nor_o the_o legate_n that_o will_v have_v keep_v they_o back_o he_o lay_v open_a unto_o they_o how_o available_a the_o inequality_n of_o the_o place_n be_v and_o what_o he_o himself_o think_v of_o it_o when_o at_o avaricum_n he_o take_v the_o enemy_n without_o a_o general_n and_o without_o cavalry_n yet_o do_v forgo_v a_o most_o assure_a victory_n lest_o in_o the_o buckle_v he_o may_v have_v receive_v a_o small_a loss_n through_o the_o inequitie_n of_o the_o place_n how_o admirable_a be_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o spirit_n who_o neither_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o height_n of_o the_o hill_n nor_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n can_v stop_v or_o hinder_v wherein_o he_o blame_v their_o licentious_a arrogancy_n the_o more_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v better_o of_o the_o victory_n and_o the_o success_n of_o that_o service_n than_o the_o general_n himself_o neither_o do_v he_o so_o much_o desire_v to_o find_v courage_n and_o virtue_n in_o his_o soldier_n as_o modesty_n and_o sobriety_n this_o speech_n be_v deliver_v and_o in_o the_o end_n confirm_v their_o mind_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v discourage_v at_o the_o matter_n nor_o attribute_n that_o to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o indeed_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n keep_v his_o former_a purpose_n of_o departure_n he_o bring_v the_o legion_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n imbattel_v they_o in_o a_o convenient_a place_n and_o find_v that_o vercingetorix_n will_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o indifferent_a place_n after_o a_o light_a skirmish_n of_o horse_n wherein_o the_o roman_n have_v the_o better_a he_o carry_v his_o army_n back_o again_o into_o the_o camp_n and_o do_v the_o like_a the_o next_o day_n think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o abate_v the_o pride_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o to_o strengthen_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o soldier_n he_o remove_v his_o camp_n into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o make_v after_o he_o observation_n
reparation_n of_o honour_n be_v a_o chief_a point_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o a_o army_n be_v for_o he_o that_o leave_v a_o enemy_n upon_o a_o loss_n receive_v when_o his_o soldier_n be_v either_o awe_v or_o well_o beat_v must_v look_v to_o find_v the_o same_o spirit_n and_o courage_n in_o they_o when_o they_o shall_v come_v again_o to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n as_o they_o have_v when_o they_o last_o leave_v he_o with_o a_o disadvantage_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o unskilful_a continuance_n of_o his_o own_o loss_n and_o a_o preparation_n to_o a_o second_o overthrow_n in_o the_o war_n the_o roman_n have_v with_o annibal_n in_o all_o the_o fight_v they_o make_v marcellus_n they_o continue_v their_o first_o loss_n unto_o the_o battle_n at_o nola_n at_o what_o time_n by_o marcellus_n good_a direction_n they_o give_v he_o a_o overthrow_n which_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o annibal_n soldier_n begin_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o roman_n and_o repair_v the_o roman_n valour_n again_o after_o so_o many_o battle_n as_o they_o lose_v for_o than_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o they_o fight_v not_o with_o a_o enemy_n altogether_o invincible_a but_o that_o he_o be_v subject_a to_o loss_n and_o overthrow_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o this_o so_o happy_a a_o fortune_n restore_v the_o roman_a soldier_n to_o their_o ancient_a valour_n and_o good_a fortune_n it_o be_v that_o liviâ—_n say_v ingens_fw-la eo_fw-la die_fw-la res_fw-la ac_fw-la nescio_fw-la a_o maxima_fw-la illâ—_n bello_fw-la guess_v a_o sit_v a_o great_a piece_n of_o service_n be_v perform_v that_o day_n putabat_fw-la &_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v the_o great_a that_o be_v do_v in_o that_o war_n caesar_n do_v well_o understand_v this_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o he_o labour_v to_o repair_v the_o breach_n which_o the_o enemy_n have_v make_v in_o the_o valour_n of_o his_o soldier_n by_o light_n and_o small_a skirmish_n before_o he_o will_v adventure_v to_o hazard_v the_o main_a drife_z of_o the_o business_n in_o any_o set_a conflict_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o he_o have_v a_o purpose_n to_o leave_v the_o enemy_n for_o a_o time_n whereby_o he_o seem_v to_o end_v the_o former_a service_n wherein_o he_o have_v a_o special_a care_n not_o to_o depart_v with_o the_o last_o blow_n have_v always_o before_o that_o time_n have_v the_o better_a for_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o end_n do_v challenge_n much_o of_o the_o former_a proceed_n and_o do_v draw_v the_o opinion_n of_o man_n to_o deem_v of_o all_o as_o the_o conclusion_n import_v according_a as_o claudius_n nero_n tell_v his_o soldier_n semper_fw-la quod_fw-la postremo_fw-la adjectum_fw-la sit_fw-la id_fw-la rem_fw-la totam_fw-la videri_fw-la traxisse_fw-la as_o the_o end_n of_o the_o service_n be_v so_o the_o whole_a seem_v to_o have_v be_v chap._n xxv_o the_o hedui_n revolt_n caesar_n pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n loire_n the_o three_o day_n he_o repair_v the_o bridge_n at_o the_o river_n elevar_n caesar_n and_o carry_v over_o his_o army_n there_o he_o understand_v by_o viridomarus_n and_o eporedorix_n that_o litavicus_n be_v go_v with_o all_o the_o enemy_n horse_n to_o solicit_v the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o caesar_n shall_v send_v they_o before_o to_o confirm_v the_o state_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o loyalty_n and_o although_o caesar_n do_v mistrust_v the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n for_o many_o cause_n and_o do_v think_v that_o the_o departure_n of_o these_o two_o noble_n will_v hasten_v their_o revolt_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o detain_v they_o lest_o he_o shall_v either_o seem_v to_o do_v they_o wrong_n or_o to_o give_v any_o suspicion_n of_o distrust_n at_o their_o departure_n he_o propound_v unto_o they_o brief_o how_o well_o he_o have_v deserve_v of_o their_o state_n how_o low_a and_o weak_a they_o be_v when_o he_o receive_v they_o confine_v within_o their_o town_n their_o land_n extend_v all_o their_o associate_n take_v from_o they_o a_o tribute_n lay_v upon_o they_o pledge_v extort_a from_o they_o with_o great_a contumely_n and_o into_o what_o fortune_n and_o greatness_n he_o have_v bring_v they_o again_o that_o not_o only_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o former_a state_n but_o do_v exceed_v the_o dignity_n and_o favour_n of_o all_o former_a time_n and_o with_o these_o mandate_n he_o let_v they_o go_v noviodunum_n be_v a_o town_n of_o the_o hedui_n situate_v in_o a_o convenient_a place_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n loire_n thither_o have_v caesar_n send_v all_o the_o hostage_n of_o gallia_n the_o corn_n the_o public_a treasure_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o army_n and_o thither_o he_o have_v likewise_o send_v great_a store_n of_o horse_n which_o he_o have_v buy_v in_o spain_n and_o italy_n for_o the_o service_n of_o this_o war_n eporedorix_n and_o viridomarus_n come_v thither_o and_o understanding_n touch_v the_o affair_n of_o their_o state_n that_o liâ—avicus_n be_v receive_v into_o bibract_n by_o the_o hedui_n which_o be_v the_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o their_o state_n and_o that_o convictolitanis_n their_o chief_a magistrate_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v come_v unto_o he_o and_o that_o public_a messenger_n be_v send_v to_o vercingetorix_n touch_v a_o league_n of_o peace_n and_o amity_n they_o do_v not_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o omit_v so_o great_a a_o opportunity_n and_o thereupon_o have_v slay_v the_o guard_n at_o noviodunum_n with_o such_o other_o as_o be_v there_o either_o by_o way_n of_o trade_n or_o travel_n they_o divide_v the_o money_n and_o the_o horse_n between_o they_o and_o take_v order_n that_o the_o hostage_n of_o the_o other_o state_n shall_v safe_o be_v convey_v to_o bibract_v for_o the_o town_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o think_v they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v it_o lest_o the_o roman_n may_v make_v any_o use_n of_o it_o they_o burn_v it_o such_o corn_n as_o they_o can_v carry_v on_o the_o sudden_a they_o convey_v away_o in_o boat_n the_o rest_n they_o either_o burnedor_n cast_v it_o into_o the_o river_n they_o begin_v to_o raise_v force_n in_o the_o country_n next_o adjoin_v to_o dispose_v of_o watch_n and_o garrison_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n loire_n to_o show_v their_o cavalry_n in_o all_o place_n to_o strike_v fear_n into_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v exclude_v they_o from_o provision_n of_o corn_n or_o drive_v they_o through_o necessity_n of_o want_n to_o forsake_v the_o province_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o rather_o assure_v forasmuch_o as_o the_o loire_n be_v much_o swell_v by_o a_o fall_n of_o snow_n whereby_o it_o be_v unpassable_a at_o any_o foard_v these_o thing_n be_v know_v caesar_n think_v it_o necessary_a for_o he_o to_o make_v haste_n especial_o if_o he_o must_v make_v up_o the_o bridge_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v give_v they_o battle_n before_o they_o have_v gather_v a_o great_a head_n for_o touch_v his_o pupose_v for_o return_v into_o the_o province_n he_o do_v not_o think_v it_o fit_a by_o any_o mean_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shame_n and_o in_o famy_n thereof_o as_o also_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o hill_n gebenna_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o passage_n do_v hinder_v he_o but_o especial_o for_o that_o he_o do_v exceed_o desire_v to_o join_v himself_o with_o labienus_n and_o the_o legion_n that_o be_v with_o he_o and_o therefore_o make_v great_a journey_n both_o by_o day_n and_o night_n beyond_o all_o man_n expectation_n he_o come_v to_o the_o river_n loire_n where_o the_o horseman_n have_v sound_n a_o convenient_a foard_v for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o time_n that_o the_o soldier_n may_v pass_v over_o with_o their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n above_o the_o water_n to_o hold_v up_o their_o weapon_n dispose_v the_o horse_n in_o the_o river_n to_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o stream_n and_o the_o enemy_n be_v affright_v upon_o their_o first_o show_n he_o carry_v over_o his_o army_n in_o safety_n and_o have_v satisfy_v his_o soldier_n with_o corn_n which_o he_o find_v in_o the_o field_n and_o good_a store_n of_o cattle_n he_o determine_v to_o march_v towards_o the_o senones_n observation_n the_o great_a difficulty_n that_o ever_o caesar_n find_v in_o the_o course_n of_o these_o war_n gallia_n be_v at_o this_o instant_n upon_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o hedui_n for_o whereas_o that_o state_n after_o caesar_n come_v into_o gallia_n be_v ever_o repute_v the_o favourite_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n have_v receive_v such_o special_a privilege_n and_o prerogative_n above_o the_o rest_n as_o may_v tie_v they_o with_o a_o inviolable_a bond_n of_o amity_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o they_o shall_v forsake_v so_o great_a a_o stay_n or_o favour_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v
tend_v to_o the_o weaken_n of_o that_o authority_n which_o prefer_v they_o in_o dignity_n before_o all_o other_o state_n of_o that_o continent_n and_o be_v as_o a_o remora_n to_o divers_a other_o nation_n of_o gallia_n from_o show_v that_o defection_n by_o plain_a and_o open_a revolt_n which_o they_o have_v so_o long_o before_o conceive_v in_o their_o mind_n but_o when_o it_o appear_v notwithstanding_o any_o precedent_a benefit_n or_o the_o merit_n of_o imperial_a favour_n that_o the_o hedui_n do_v affect_v the_o common_a cause_n of_o their_o country_n liberty_n and_o be_v content_a to_o engage_v themselves_o therein_o as_o far_o as_o their_o life_n or_o fortune_n can_v any_o way_n be_v value_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o such_o other_o commonweal_n as_o before_o that_o time_n have_v remain_v neutral_a and_o have_v less_o cause_n than_o the_o hedui_n to_o keep_v back_o their_o hand_n from_o a_o work_n of_o that_o piety_n will_v apprehend_v the_o matter_n as_o a_o business_n import_v the_o safety_n of_o their_o country_n whereunto_o caesar_n and_o the_o legion_n be_v common_a enemy_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o make_v caesar_n to_o think_v of_o return_v back_o into_o the_o province_n have_v not_o the_o dishonour_n of_o such_o a_o retreat_n and_o the_o desire_n he_o have_v to_o join_v with_o labienus_n hinder_v that_o purpose_n chap._n xxvi_o labienus_n come_v to_o lutetia_n with_o four_o legion_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o caesar_n caesar_n labienus_n have_v leave_v those_o supply_n which_o come_v last_o out_o of_o italy_n at_o agendicum_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o carriage_n go_v himself_o with_o four_o legion_n towards_o lutetia_n a_o town_n of_o the_o parisian_n build_v in_o a_o island_n in_o the_o river_n sequana_n the_o enemy_n understand_v of_o his_o come_n great_a force_n be_v speedy_o bring_v together_o out_o of_o the_o country_n near_o about_o the_o chief_a command_n be_v give_v to_o camulogenus_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o aulerci_n who_o notwithstanding_o his_o great_a age_n be_v call_v to_o that_o honour_n for_o his_o singular_a knowledge_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n he_o find_v it_o to_o be_v a_o continue_a bog_n that_o run_v into_o sequana_n and_o much_o hinder_v all_o that_o place_n do_v stay_v there_o with_o his_o army_n and_o purpose_v to_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o roman_n labienus_n do_v first_o endeavour_n to_o drive_v the_o vine_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o bog_n with_o hurdle_n and_o earth_n and_o so_o to_o make_v the_o passage_n firm_a but_o after_o that_o he_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o effect_v in_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n he_o go_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n with_o silence_n and_o the_o same_o way_n that_o he_o come_v he_o go_v to_o melodunum_n a_o town_n of_o the_o senones_n situate_v in_o a_o island_n of_o sequana_n as_o lutetia_n be_v and_o have_v surprise_v some_o fifty_o ship_n and_o boat_n and_o man_v they_o with_o soldier_n the_o townsman_n be_v affright_v with_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o who_o a_o great_a part_n be_v call_v out_o to_o that_o war_n he_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o town_n without_o any_o resistance_n the_o bridge_n be_v repair_v which_o the_o enemy_n have_v cut_v down_o a_o few_o day_n before_o he_o transport_v over_o the_o army_n and_o go_v down_o along_o the_o river_n towards_o lutetia_n the_o enemy_n have_v notice_n thereof_o by_o such_o we_o escape_v from_o melodunum_n command_v lutetia_n to_o be_v burn_v and_o the_o bridge_n of_o the_o town_n to_o be_v break_v they_o themselves_o for_o sake_z the_o bog_n sit_v down_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o sequana_n right_o over_o against_o the_o camp_n of_o labienus_n by_o this_o time_n caesar_n departure_n from_o gergovia_n be_v know_v abroad_o with_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o hedui_n and_o rumour_n be_v bring_v of_o a_o secondrising_n and_o motion_n in_o gallia_n it_o be_v certain_o confirm_v that_o the_o gall_n be_v in_o consultation_n that_o caesar_n be_v keep_v back_o both_o by_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o passage_n and_o the_o river_n loire_n and_o for_o want_v of_o corn_n be_v constrain_v to_o return_v into_o the_o province_n the_o bellovaci_n also_o understand_v of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o hedui_n whereas_o they_o be_v before_o treacherous_a and_o disloyal_a of_o themselves_o do_v now_o begin_v to_o raise_v force_n and_o prepare_v for_o open_a war_n labienus_n upon_o so_o great_a a_o change_n of_o thing_n understand_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o to_o take_v another_o manner_n of_o course_n than_o be_v before_o intend_v for_o now_o he_o think_v not_o of_o make_v any_o conquest_n or_o urge_v the_o enemy_n to_o battle_n but_o to_o bring_v he_o army_n back_o in_o safety_n to_o agendicum_n for_o on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o bellovaci_n stand_v ready_a to_o charge_v he_o be_v a_o people_n that_o have_v the_o name_n for_o deed_n of_o arm_n of_o all_o the_o nation_n in_o gallia_n the_o other_o side_n be_v keep_v by_o camulogenus_n with_o a_o army_n ready_a in_o the_o field_n and_o last_o of_o all_o the_o legion_n be_v keep_v from_o their_o garrison_n and_o their_o carriage_n with_o a_o great_a river_n that_o run_v between_o they_o and_o it_o observation_n the_o great_a alteration_n which_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o hedui_n make_v in_o gallia_n time_n cause_v labienus_n to_o let_v fall_v his_o former_a resolution_n and_o to_o shape_v such_o a_o course_n as_o might_n best_o answer_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tempest_n for_o he_o that_o will_v attain_v the_o end_n of_o his_o desire_n or_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o affection_n of_o his_o mind_n must_v not_o think_v at_o all_o time_n to_o carry_v away_o contentment_n with_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o mean_n or_o subdue_v resistance_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n but_o must_v be_v well_o please_v to_o be_v drive_v with_o the_o stream_n until_o he_o meet_v with_o a_o tide_n of_o better_a opportunity_n for_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o opposition_n of_o resist_a power_n be_v more_o available_a than_o ten_o legion_n command_v by_o caesar_n or_o what_o the_o roman_a empire_n can_v add_v beside_o to_o so_o great_a a_o army_n for_o there_o be_v no_o quantity_n so_o great_a but_o there_o may_v be_v find_v a_o great_a nor_o none_o so_o little_a but_o there_o may_v be_v a_o less_o which_o may_v teach_v a_o man_n neither_o to_o conceit_n himself_o in_o a_o matchless_a singularity_n nor_o to_o despair_v of_o a_o weak_a condition_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o be_v so_o often_o recommend_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o discreet_a governor_n whether_o they_o be_v magistrate_n in_o peace_n or_o commander_n in_o war_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o time_n and_o to_o carry_v themselves_o answerable_a thereunto_o forasmuch_o as_o fortunate_a and_o happy_a success_n rise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o such_o mean_n as_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o occurrence_n of_o the_o time_n not_o run_v always_o upon_o one_o bias_n nor_o fail_v at_o all_o time_n with_o a_o fore-wind_n but_o sometime_o to_o press_v forward_o and_o sometime_o to_o give_v back_o according_a as_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o time_n shall_v make_v way_n to_o good_a fortune_n fabius_n the_o great_a roman_a think_v it_o no_o scorn_n to_o be_v call_v coward_n fabius_n or_o to_o undergo_v the_o displeasure_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n while_o he_o give_v place_n to_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a and_o refuse_v to_o receive_v a_o three_o overthrow_n and_o thus_o he_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o the_o roman_a warfare_n according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o overthrow_v that_o enemy_n by_o shun_v to_o encounter_v he_o which_o in_o a_o battle_n will_v have_v hazard_v the_o conquest_n of_o rome_n in_o like_a manner_n cn._n sulpitius_n the_o dictator_n do_v imitate_v this_o wisdom_n of_o fabius_n against_o the_o gall_n by_o linger_a out_o the_o war_n nolens_fw-la se_fw-la fortunae_fw-la committere_fw-la adversus_fw-la hostem_fw-la as_o livy_n say_v quem_fw-la tempus_fw-la deteriorem_fw-la indy_n &_o locus_fw-la alienus_fw-la fuceret_fw-la not_o willing_a to_o put_v the_o trial_n to_o fortune_n when_o as_o he_o deal_v with_o a_o enemy_n which_o time_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o place_n render_v every_o day_n weak_a and_o weak_a and_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n caesar_n upon_o the_o loss_n which_o he_o receive_v at_o dyrrachium_fw-la omnem_fw-la sibi_fw-la commutandam_fw-la belli_fw-la rationem_fw-la existimavit_fw-la think_v it_o his_o best_a way_n to_o alter_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o war_n as_o the_o story_n say_v which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o vary_v with_o the_o time_n and_o help_v a_o bad_a fortune_n with_o new_a direction_n chap._n xxvii_o labienus_n pass_v the_o river_n sequana_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o gall_n for_o the_o avoid_n
to_o sight_n among_o the_o horse_n at_o their_o arrival_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v not_o well_o fit_v with_o horse_n he_o take_v the_o horse_n from_o the_o tribune_n the_o roman_a knight_n and_o the_o evocati_fw-la and_o distribute_v they_o among_o the_o german_n observation_n there_o be_v three_o principal_a mean_n to_o draw_v a_o state_n into_o a_o party_n which_o of_o itself_o stand_v neutral_a matter_n or_o to_o win_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n when_o they_o carry_v equal_a or_o indifferent_a affection_n the_o first_o be_v friendship_n by_o favour_n or_o friendship_n the_o second_o by_o authority_n authority_n and_o the_o three_o by_o money_n friendship_n rely_v upon_o former_a respect_n and_o the_o exchange_n of_o precedent_a courtesy_n money_n authority_n conclude_v from_o future_a danger_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v follow_v the_o refusal_n money_n do_v govern_v the_o present_a occasion_n and_o be_v more_o general_a than_o either_o favour_n or_o authority_n the_o gall_n be_v not_o want_v to_o make_v their_o party_n good_a in_o any_o of_o these_o three_o persuade_a motive_n but_o as_o caesar_n say_v quantum_fw-la gratia_fw-la authoritate_fw-la pecunia_fw-la valent_fw-la ad_fw-la sollicitandas_fw-la civitates_fw-la nâ—tuntur_fw-la they_o solicit_v the_o neighbour_n state_n as_o far_o as_o friendship_n authority_n and_o money_n will_v go_v wherein_o as_o they_o go_v about_o to_o lay_v the_o stock_n upon_o it_o so_o they_o leave_v themselves_o but_o one_o trial_n for_o the_o right_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o join_v issue_n for_o all_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o that_o action_n for_o when_o they_o shall_v see_v their_o best_a possibility_n too_o weak_a and_o their_o uttermost_a endeavour_n profit_v nothing_o against_o a_o mighty_a prevail_a enemy_n the_o great_a their_o hope_n be_v which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o mean_n the_o great_a will_v be_v their_o despair_n when_o such_o mean_n be_v spend_v for_o it_o be_v a_o shrewd_a thing_n for_o man_n to_o be_v out_o of_o mean_n and_o not_o to_o drive_v a_o hope_n before_o they_o it_o be_v usual_a upon_o such_o main_a occasion_n to_o employ_v the_o chief_a man_n in_o a_o state_n in_o who_o the_o soldier_n may_v have_v most_o assurance_n and_o to_o accompany_v he_o with_o such_o mean_n as_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o commonweal_n may_v afford_v he_o but_o if_o their_o great_a hope_n die_v in_o his_o ill_a success_n or_o wax_v faint_a through_o cold_a fortune_n the_o kingdom_n receive_v loss_n and_o the_o enemy_n get_v advantage_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o great_a preparation_n chap._n xxix_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o gall_n do_v set_v upon_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o be_v beat_v while_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v caesar_n the_o enemy_n force_n and_o the_o horseman_n that_o be_v command_v to_o be_v levy_v in_o all_o gallia_n meet_v together_o and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o arverni_n a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o be_v gather_v together_o as_o caesar_n march_v against_o the_o sequani_n by_o the_o border_n of_o the_o lingones_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v the_o easy_o relieve_v the_o province_n vercingetorix_n sit_v down_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o the_o roman_n in_o three_o several_a camp_n and_o call_v the_o captain_n and_o colonel_n of_o horse_n to_o counsel_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o time_n of_o victory_n be_v now_o come_v for_o the_o roman_n leave_v gallia_n and_o flee_v into_o the_o province_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o obtain_n of_o their_o present_a liberty_n but_o avail_v little_a for_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o future_a time_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o purpose_n to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o war_n but_o to_o return_v again_o with_o great_a force_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o their_o march_n ladâ—â—_n with_o carriage_n if_o the_o foot_n do_v assist_v their_o horse_n than_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o way_n or_o proceed_v in_o their_o journey_n but_o if_o which_o he_o hope_v will_v rather_o happen_v forsake_v their_o carriage_n every_o man_n shift_v for_o himself_o they_o will_v depart_v both_o rob_v of_o their_o necessary_n and_o of_o their_o honour_n for_o they_o need_v not_o doubt_v of_o the_o enemy_n horse_n of_o who_o he_o be_v most_o assure_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o go_v out_o from_o among_o the_o foot_n force_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o encourage_v he_o will_v draw_v all_o the_o force_n in_o a_o readiness_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o place_v they_o so_o as_o they_o may_v be_v a_o terror_n to_o the_o enemy_n the_o horseman_n cry_v out_o all_o together_o that_o this_o resolution_n may_v be_v strengthen_v with_o a_o holy_a oath_n let_v he_o never_o be_v receive_v under_o any_o roof_n or_o have_v access_n to_o his_o wife_n child_n or_o parent_n that_o do_v not_o twice_o run_v through_o the_o army_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o thing_n be_v well_o like_v of_o and_o every_o man_n force_v to_o take_v that_o oath_n the_o next_o day_n he_o divide_v his_o cavalry_n into_o three_o part_n two_o army_n show_v themselves_o on_o each_o side_n and_o the_o three_o begin_v to_o make_v stay_n of_o the_o vauward_n which_o be_v know_v caesar_n divide_v his_o horse_n likewise_o into_o three_o part_n and_o send_v they_o to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o fight_v in_o all_o part_n the_o army_n stand_v still_o the_o carriage_n be_v receive_v within_o the_o legion_n if_o our_o man_n be_v overcharge_v any_o where_o caesar_n bend_v the_o legion_n that_o way_n which_o do_v both_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n from_o follow_v they_o and_o assure_v our_o man_n of_o hope_n of_o rescue_n at_o length_n the_o german_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o a_o hill_n on_o the_o right_a side_n do_v put_v the_o enemy_n from_o their_o place_n and_o follow_v they_o as_o they_o flee_v even_o to_o the_o river_n where_o vercingetorix_n stay_v with_o the_o foot_n company_n and_o slay_v many_o of_o they_o whereupon_o the_o rest_n fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v encompass_v about_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n execution_n be_v do_v in_o all_o place_n three_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o hedui_n be_v take_v and_o bring_v to_o caesar_n cotus_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o at_o the_o last_o election_n of_o magistrate_n stand_v in_o controversy_n with_o convictolitanis_n and_o cavarillus_n who_o after_o the_o revolt_n of_o litavicus_n command_v the_o foot_n troop_n and_o eporedorix_n under_o who_o command_n before_o caesar_n come_v into_o gallia_n the_o hedui_n make_v war_n with_o the_o sequani_n all_o the_o cavalry_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n vercingetorix_n draw_v in_o his_o force_n which_o he_o have_v imbattel_v before_o his_o camp_n and_o immediate_o after_o begin_v to_o march_v towards_o alesia_n a_o town_n of_o the_o mandubii_fw-la command_v the_o baggage_n to_o be_v speedy_o bring_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o to_o follow_v he_o caesar_n have_v convey_v his_o carriage_n to_o the_o next_o hill_n under_o the_o custody_n of_o two_o legion_n he_o follow_v the_o enemy_n as_o long_o as_o the_o day_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v and_o have_v slay_v some_o three_o thousand_o of_o the_o rearward_n the_o next_o day_n follow_v he_o encamp_v at_o alesia_n observation_n the_o gall_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o the_o roman_n in_o cavalry_n war_n both_o according_a to_o quantity_n and_o quality_n but_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v great_a in_o virtue_n and_o worth_n than_o any_o foot_n force_n of_o the_o gall_n notwithstanding_o their_o inequality_n in_o number_n which_o show_v that_o the_o roman_n do_v more_o rely_v upon_o their_o legionary_a soldier_n then_o upon_o their_o equites_fw-la and_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o argument_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o that_o question_n which_o be_v so_o much_o debate_v among_o man_n of_o war_n whether_o the_o horse_n or_o the_o foot_n company_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o a_o war_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o question_n à _fw-fr male_a dâ—visis_fw-la be_v both_o so_o necessary_a for_o the_o perfect_a execution_n of_o martial_a purpose_n as_o they_o can_v well_o be_v disjoin_v and_o if_o we_o look_v particular_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o several_a service_n we_o shall_v easy_o discern_v the_o difference_n and_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o the_o validity_n of_o their_o part_n wherein_o first_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v horseman_n but_o that_o foot_n company_n be_v serviceable_a to_o more_o purpose_n than_o troop_n of_o horse_n for_o the_o horseman_n be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o in_o open_a and_o champain_n place_n whereas_o footman_n be_v not_o only_o of_o importance_n in_o fielden_a couâ—treys_n but_o be_v necessary_a also_o in_o mountainous_a or_o woodie_a place_n in_o valley_n in_o ditch_n
in_o siege_n and_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o what_o site_n or_o nature_n soever_o where_o the_o horseman_n can_v show_v themselves_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o infantry_n extend_v its_o service_n to_o more_o purpose_n then_o the_o cavalry_n and_o make_v the_o war_n complete_a which_o otherwise_o will_v prove_v lame_a and_o uneffectual_a touch_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o business_n when_o it_o come_v to_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n footman_n it_o rest_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o foot_n troop_n for_o the_o horseman_n be_v profitable_a to_o the_o army_n wherein_o they_o serve_v by_o make_v discovery_n by_o harry_v the_o enemy_n country_n horseman_n by_o give_v succour_n or_o rescue_v upon_o a_o sudden_a by_o do_v execution_n upon_o a_o overthrow_n and_o by_o confront_v the_o enemy_n horse_n but_o these_o be_v but_o as_o second_v service_n and_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o main_a stroke_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v give_v by_o the_o footman_n neither_o do_v a_o rout_n give_v to_o the_o cavalry_n serve_v a_o army_n royal_a concern_v the_o body_n of_o that_o army_n further_o than_o the_o service_n before_o mention_v but_o the_o army_n do_v oftentimes_o go_v on_o notwithstanding_o and_o may_v well_o achieve_v a_o happy_a victory_n whereas_o upon_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o infantry_n the_o horseman_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v but_o to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o and_o get_v away_o to_o their_o own_o home_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o foot_n company_n be_v the_o bulk_n and_o body_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o horse_n as_o the_o arm_n and_o outward_a part_n have_v expedient_a and_o necessary_a office_n but_o always_o subordinate_a to_o the_o main_a stroke_n give_v by_o the_o foot_n if_o any_o man_n look_v for_o proof_n hereof_o by_o example_n he_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o seek_v further_o than_o the_o roman_n be_v master_n of_o the_o art_n military_a who_o by_o a_o ancient_a law_n interdict_v the_o dictator_n to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o a_o horse_n in_o the_o war_n for_o his_o private_a case_n why_o intimate_v as_o plutarch_n say_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o army_n to_o consist_v in_o their_o footman_n which_o the_o general_n in_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n shall_v assist_v with_o his_o presence_n and_o in_o no_o wise_n forsake_v they_o if_o he_o will_v but_o touch_v the_o use_n of_o war_n among_o they_o their_o equites_fw-la be_v so_o far_o short_a of_o the_o service_n perform_v by_o their_o foot_n troop_n that_o when_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o it_o indeed_o they_o forsake_v their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n as_o in_o the_o battle_n with_o the_o latin_n at_o the_o lake_n regillus_n which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v in_o my_o former_a observation_n neither_o be_v the_o roman_n tood_v horseman_n as_o it_o seem_v by_o caesar_n for_o he_o take_v the_o horse_n from_o the_o tribune_n and_o the_o roman_a equites_fw-la and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o german_n as_o better_a rutter_n than_o any_o roman_n but_o howsoever_o a_o state_n that_o abound_v in_o horse_n and_o trust_v more_o in_o they_o then_o in_o foot_n company_n may_v harry_v a_o champain_n country_n but_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o follow_v a_o war_n with_o that_o strength_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v it_o fortunate_a chap._n xxx_o caesar_n besiege_v alesia_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n cavalry_n caesar_n have_v view_v the_o site_n of_o the_o town_n caesar_n and_o know_v the_o enemy_n to_o be_v much_o trouble_v for_o the_o overthrow_n of_o their_o horse_n in_o who_o they_o put_v all_o their_o hope_n exhort_v the_o soldier_n to_o take_v a_o little_a pain_n he_o determine_v to_o enclose_v the_o town_n round_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n alesia_n be_v site_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n in_o a_o very_a eminent_a place_n and_o not_o to_o be_v take_v but_o by_o a_o continue_a siege_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n run_v two_o river_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o town_n before_o the_o town_n there_o lie_v a_o plain_a of_o three_o mile_n in_o length_n the_o other_o side_n be_v enclose_v round_o about_o in_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n with_o hill_n of_o equal_a height_n with_o the_o town_n under_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o east_n side_n lie_v all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o gall_n have_v draw_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o dry_a wall_n on_o that_o part_n of_o eight_o foot_n in_o height_n the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o work_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v to_o enclose_v the_o town_n about_o contain_v eleven_o mile_n their_o camp_n be_v site_v in_o a_o convenient_a place_n where_o there_o be_v make_v three_o and_o twenty_o castle_n which_o in_o the_o day_n time_n be_v keep_v by_o garrison_n to_o prevent_v any_o sudden_a attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o in_o the_o night_n by_o strong_a watch_n the_o work_n be_v begin_v there_o happen_v a_o skirmish_n between_o the_o cavalry_n of_o both_o side_n in_o that_o plain_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o town_n of_o three_o mile_n in_o length_n they_o fight_v eager_o on_o both_o side_n our_o man_n be_v overcharge_v caesar_n send_v the_o german_n to_o second_v they_o and_o set_v the_o legion_n before_o the_o camp_n lest_o there_o may_v happen_v any_o sudden_a sally_n by_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o enemy_n upon_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o legion_n our_o man_n take_v courage_n the_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o be_v many_o in_o number_n one_o hinder_v another_o and_o stick_v in_o heap_n in_o the_o straight_a passage_n of_o their_o gate_n the_o german_n follow_v they_o close_o to_o their_o fortification_n and_o make_v a_o great_a execution_n among_o they_o many_o of_o they_o forsake_v their_o horse_n attempt_v to_o leap_v the_o ditch_n and_o to_o climb_v over_o the_o dry_a wall_n caesar_n command_v the_o legion_n imbattel_v before_o the_o camp_n to_o advance_v a_o little_a forward_o the_o gall_n that_o be_v within_o the_o fortification_n be_v no_o little_a trouble_v for_o think_v the_o enemy_n will_v present_o have_v come_v unto_o they_o they_o make_v a_o alarm_n some_o be_v so_o fright_v that_o they_o break_v into_o the_o town_n vercingetorix_n command_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v lest_o the_o camp_n shall_v be_v leave_v naked_a of_o defendant_n many_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v and_o very_o many_o horse_n take_v the_o german_n fall_v off_o and_o return_v to_o caesar_n observation_n forasmuch_o as_o casualty_n and_o chance_n have_v oftentimes_o the_o prerogative_n of_o a_o service_n condition_n and_o in_o misdeem_v opinion_n do_v carry_v away_o the_o honour_n from_o virtue_n and_o valour_n the_o first_o trial_n of_o a_o fortune_n be_v not_o of_o that_o assurance_n nor_o so_o much_o to_o be_v trust_v as_o when_o it_o be_v second_v again_o with_o the_o like_a effect_n for_o when_o a_o matter_n by_o often_o trial_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quality_n it_o show_v a_o certainty_n of_o a_o cause_n produce_v end_n of_o like_a condition_n the_o gall_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v much_o discourage_v upon_o the_o first_o overthrow_n of_o their_o horse_n in_o who_o they_o so_o much_o believe_v and_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o their_o high_a resolution_n so_o far_o as_o where_o before_o they_o swear_v the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o be_v now_o content_a to_o take_v the_o protection_n of_o a_o strong_a town_n but_o this_o second_o foil_n which_o they_o receive_v do_v so_o assure_v they_o of_o a_o hard_a confrontment_n and_o strong_a opposition_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v that_o they_o never_o think_v of_o any_o further_a trial_n but_o be_v content_a to_o go_v away_o loser_n rather_o than_o to_o hazard_v their_o life_n in_o a_o three_o combat_n and_o thus_o when_o a_o second_o event_n back_v a_o former_a fortune_n it_o take_v away_o the_o suspicion_n of_o casualty_n and_o make_v the_o winner_n bold_a and_o the_o loser_n desperate_a pompey_n be_v so_o transport_v with_o joy_n for_o the_o blow_n which_o he_o give_v caesar_n at_o dyrrachium_fw-la that_o he_o send_v letter_n of_o that_o day_n victory_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o make_v his_o soldier_n so_o secure_a touch_v the_o issue_n of_o that_o war_n ut_fw-la non_fw-la de_fw-la ratione_fw-la belli_fw-la cogitarent_fw-la sed_fw-la vicisse_fw-la jam_fw-la sibi_fw-la viderentur_fw-la that_o they_o never_o think_v how_o the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v on_o esteem_v themselves_o already_o absolute_a victor_n not_o remember_v as_o caesar_n say_v the_o ordinary_a change_n of_o war_n wherein_o oftentimes_o a_o small_a matter_n either_o of_o a_o false_a suspicion_n or_o of_o a_o sudden_a fright_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n do_v endanger_v a_o army_n which_o the_o enemy_n take_v to_o himself_o perinde_v ac_fw-la si_fw-la virtute_fw-la vicissent_fw-la as_o if_o
he_o have_v overcome_v by_o his_o valour_n chap._n xxxi_o vercingetorix_n send_v away_o the_o horse_n caesar_n enclose_v alesia_n with_o a_o strong_a wall_n vercingetorix_n think_v it_o best_a to_o dismiss_v all_o the_o horse_n caesar_n and_o send_v they_o away_o in_o the_o night_n before_o the_o fortification_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o roman_n at_o their_o departure_n he_o command_v they_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v repair_v unto_o his_o own_o state_n and_o send_v all_o to_o the_o war_n that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n he_o lay_v open_v his_o desert_n towards_o they_o and_o do_v adjure_v they_o to_o have_v regard_n to_o his_o safety_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v he_o to_o be_v deliver_v over_o to_o the_o torture_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o have_v so_o well_o deserve_v of_o the_o common_a liberty_n wherein_o if_o they_o shall_v prove_v negligent_a fourscore_o thousand_o choose_a man_n will_v perish_v with_o he_o in_o that_o place_n and_o look_v into_o their_o provision_n he_o find_v that_o they_o have_v corn_n scarce_o for_o thirty_o day_n but_o by_o spare_v and_o good_a husbandry_n it_o may_v be_v make_v to_o serve_v long_o with_o these_o mandate_n he_o send_v out_o the_o horseman_n in_o silence_n about_o the_o second_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n where_o the_o work_n be_v not_o perfect_v he_o command_v all_o the_o corn_n to_o be_v bring_v unto_o he_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n the_o cattle_n he_o distribute_v to_o the_o soldier_n by_o pole_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a store_n bring_v out_o from_o the_o mandubii_fw-la the_o corn_n he_o begin_v to_o measure_v out_o very_o spare_o all_o the_o force_n which_o he_o have_v place_v before_o the_o town_n he_o receive_v within_o the_o wall_n and_o so_o he_o purpose_v to_o attend_v the_o supply_n of_o gallia_n which_o be_v know_v by_o therunne-awayes_a and_o captive_n caesar_n appoint_v to_o make_v these_o fortification_n he_o draw_v a_o ditch_n of_o twenty_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o depth_n with_o straight_a side_n as_o broad_a at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o work_n he_o make_v forty_o foot_n short_a of_o that_o ditch_n which_o he_o do_v for_o these_o reason_n that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o roman_n may_v not_o easy_o be_v enclose_v about_o with_o a_o army_n of_o soldier_n which_o he_o think_v to_o prevent_v by_o take_v in_o so_o great_a a_o circuit_n of_o ground_n and_o second_o lest_o the_o enemy_n sally_v out_o upon_o a_o sudden_a shall_v in_o the_o night_n come_v to_o destroy_v the_o work_n or_o in_o the_o daytime_n trouble_v the_o soldier_n with_o dart_n and_o cast_a weapon_n as_o they_o be_v busy_v about_o the_o work_n this_o space_n of_o forty_o foot_n be_v leave_v he_o make_v two_o ditch_n of_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o depth_n the_o innermost_a whereof_o be_v carry_v through_o the_o field_n and_o the_o low_a ground_n he_o fill_v with_o water_n draw_v out_o of_o the_o river_n behind_o they_o he_o make_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n of_o twelve_o foot_n and_o strengthen_v it_o with_o a_o parapet_n and_o pinnacle_n and_o with_o great_a bough_n of_o tree_n cut_v in_o cag_n like_a unto_o a_o heart_n horn_n which_o he_o set_v where_o the_o hovel_n be_v join_v to_o the_o rampire_n to_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n from_o climb_v up_o and_o make_v tower_n round_o about_o the_o whole_a work_n in_o the_o distance_n of_o fourscore_o foot_n one_o from_o another_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o roman_a soldier_n be_v both_o to_o get_v stuff_n for_o the_o fortification_n to_o go_v a_o harve_n for_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o to_o make_v such_o great_a work_n our_o force_n be_v much_o weaken_v and_o be_v to_o seek_v corn_n and_o stuff_n far_o off_o from_o the_o camp_n the_o gall_n also_o oftentimes_o attempt_v to_o destroy_v the_o work_n and_o to_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o town_n at_o divers_a port_n therefore_o caesar_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o add_v thus_o much_o more_o to_o the_o foresay_a work_n that_o the_o fortification_n may_v be_v make_v good_a with_o the_o less_o number_n of_o man_n he_o make_v ditch_n round_o about_o the_o work_n of_o five_o foot_n deep_a and_o in_o they_o he_o plant_v either_o the_o body_n of_o tree_n or_o great_a firm_a bough_n sharpen_v into_o many_o pike_n and_o snag_n be_v bind_v together_o at_o the_o bottom_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v easy_o pluck_v up_o and_o spread_v themselves_o at_o the_o top_n into_o very_o sharp_a cag_n there_o be_v of_o these_o five_o rank_n so_o combine_v and_o enfold_v one_o in_o another_o that_o which_o way_n soever_o the_o enemy_n shall_v enter_v upon_o they_o he_o will_v necessary_o run_v himself_o upon_o a_o sharp_a stake_n these_o they_o call_v cippi_n before_o these_o in_o oblique_a course_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o quincunce_n be_v dig_v hole_n of_o three_o foot_n deep_a narrow_a at_o the_o bottom_n like_o a_o sugar_n loaf_n these_o they_o set_v with_o round_a stake_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n thigh_n with_o a_o sharp_a harden_a point_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o stick_v not_o above_o four_o finger_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o for_o the_o better_a fasten_n of_o they_o they_o stick_v all_o a_o foot_n within_o the_o ground_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o hole_n for_o the_o better_a order_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v hide_v with_o osier_n and_o spread_v of_o these_o be_v eight_o course_n three_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o these_o they_o call_v lily_n from_o the_o resemblance_n they_o have_v to_o the_o figure_n of_o that_o flower_n before_o these_o be_v galthrop_n of_o a_o foot_n long_o fasten_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o head_v at_o the_o top_n with_o barb_a hook_n of_o iron_n sow_v up_o and_o down_o in_o all_o place_n in_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o these_o they_o call_v stimuli_fw-la the_o inner_a fortification_n be_v thus_o perfect_v he_o follow_v the_o even_a and_o level_a ground_n as_o much_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v and_o take_v in_o fourteen_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o make_v the_o like_a fortification_n in_o all_o point_n against_o the_o enemy_n without_o as_o he_o have_v do_v against_o the_o town_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o he_o be_v drive_v upon_o occasion_n to_o depart_v and_o leave_v the_o work_n it_o may_v be_v no_o danger_n for_o he_o to_o leave_v the_o camp_n forasmuch_o as_o a_o few_o man_n will_v defend_v it_o he_o command_v every_o man_n to_o have_v forage_n and_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o thirty_o day_n the_o first_o observation_n i_o promise_v in_o my_o former_a observation_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o touch_v the_o roman_a work_n and_o to_o show_v the_o use_n they_o make_v of_o they_o in_o their_o great_a occasion_n but_o this_o description_n of_o the_o work_n at_o alesia_n do_v so_o far_o exceed_v the_o enlargement_n of_o comment_v word_n that_o it_o have_v drown_v the_o eloquence_n of_o great_a historian_n and_o in_o stead_n of_o exposition_n and_o enforcement_n have_v draw_v from_o they_o speech_n express_v great_a admiration_n than_o belief_n circa_n alesiam_n say_v paterculus_n tantae_fw-la res_fw-la gestae_fw-la quantas_fw-la audere_fw-la vix_fw-la hominis_fw-la perficere_fw-la nullius_fw-la nisi_fw-la dei_fw-la fuerit_fw-la so_o great_a thing_n be_v do_v at_o alesia_n that_o they_o may_v seem_v too_o great_a for_o any_o man_n to_o attempt_v or_o any_o but_o a_o god_n to_o effect_v to_o enclose_v a_o town_n with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n of_o eleven_o mile_n in_o circuit_n be_v a_o matter_n worthy_a the_o roman_a army_n but_o to_o add_v such_o variety_n of_o work_n and_o to_o make_v such_o strange_a trape_n and_o opposition_n against_o a_o enemy_n be_v admirable_a to_o the_o hearer_n and_o not_o that_o only_a but_o to_o make_v the_o like_a work_n without_o to_o keep_v the_o gall_n from_o raise_v the_o siege_n do_v double_a the_o wonder_n by_o which_o work_n he_o do_v besiege_v and_o be_v besiege_v take_v the_o town_n and_o overthrow_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n such_o as_o since_o that_o time_n have_v imitate_v this_o industry_n only_o by_o a_o small_a ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n for_o i_o think_v no_o man_n ever_o make_v such_o work_n have_v wrought_v wonder_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n castruccio_n get_v the_o name_n of_o renew_v the_o ancient_a military_a discipline_n in_o italy_n chief_o for_o that_o he_o besiege_v pistoia_n and_o with_o the_o help_n of_o a_o double_a trench_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o caesar_n he_o keep_v in_o the_o pistoyans_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o keep_v out_o a_o army_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o thousand_o horse_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o end_n he_o
common_o their_o conquer_a army_n be_v far_o under_o that_o proportion_n aemilius_n paulus_n aemilius_n only_o have_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o in_o his_o army_n against_o perseus_n and_o win_v the_o battle_n in_o a_o hour_n the_o condition_n of_o our_o time_n require_v no_o dispute_n touch_v this_o point_n for_o we_o seldom_o see_v a_o army_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n in_o the_o field_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o turk_n or_o some_o such_o monarch_n chap._n xxxiii_o critognatus_n his_o speech_n at_o alesia_n touch_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o town_n they_o that_o be_v besiege_v in_o alesia_n caesar_n the_o day_n be_v pass_v by_o which_o they_o look_v for_o succour_n their_o corn_n be_v spend_v and_o not_o know_v what_o be_v do_v abroad_o enter_v into_o consultation_n touch_v the_o end_n of_o their_o fortune_n and_o divers_a opinion_n be_v deliver_v some_o of_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o yield_v up_o of_o the_o town_n and_o other_o persuade_v that_o as_o long_o as_o strength_n last_v there_o may_v be_v sally_n continual_o make_v upon_o the_o enemy_n i_o will_v not_o omit_v the_o speech_n of_o critognatus_n for_o the_o singular_a and_o wicked_a cruelty_n which_o it_o import_v he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a birth_n and_o authority_n among_o the_o arverni_n i_o will_v say_v nothing_o say_v he_o of_o their_o opinion_n that_o call_v base_a servitude_n by_o the_o name_n of_o rendry_a neither_o do_v i_o think_v they_o fit_a to_o be_v account_v citizen_n or_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o council_n of_o state_n with_o they_o will_v i_o deal_v that_o like_a well_o of_o sally_n in_o who_o advice_n and_o counsel_n even_o by_o all_o your_o consent_n the_o memory_n of_o ancient_a virtue_n seem_v to_o consist_v it_o be_v no_o virtue_n but_o a_o weakness_n of_o the_o mind_n not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v want_v a_o little_a while_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o find_v man_n that_o will_v offer_v themselves_o willing_o to_o death_n than_o such_o as_o will_v endure_v labour_n with_o patience_n for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o can_v like_v well_o of_o that_o opinion_n for_o honour_n much_o prevail_v with_o i_o if_o i_o do_v not_o see_v a_o further_a loss_n then_o of_o our_o life_n but_o in_o these_o our_o consultation_n let_v we_o look_v upon_o all_o gallia_n who_o we_o have_v call_v together_o to_o succour_v we_o what_o spirit_n do_v you_o think_v will_v our_o friend_n and_o kinsman_n conceive_v fourscore_o thousand_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o place_n if_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o wage_v battle_n upon_o their_o dead_a carcase_n i_o will_v not_o have_v you_o to_o defraud_v they_o of_o your_o help_n that_o do_v neglect_v all_o peril_n for_o your_o sake_n nor_o by_o your_o foolishness_n and_o your_o rashness_n or_o the_o weakness_n of_o your_o mind_n throw_v down_o all_o gallia_n and_o cast_v it_o into_o perpetual_a bondage_n do_v you_o doubt_v of_o their_o faith_n and_o constancy_n because_o they_o come_v not_o by_o a_o day_n what_o do_v the_o roman_n than_o 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be_v the_o extreme_a contrariety_n of_o opinion_n which_o be_v usual_o deliver_v upon_o dispute_n of_o such_o difficult_a case_n whereinis_fw-la quantum_fw-la alteri_fw-la sententiae_fw-la deest_fw-la animi_fw-la tantum_fw-la alteri_fw-la superesse_fw-la solet_fw-la one_o man_n opinion_n speak_v too_o much_o courage_n and_o another_o as_o much_o too_o little_a civ_o as_o curio_n say_v upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n medio_fw-la tutissimus_fw-la ibis_fw-la the_o mid_n the_o safe_a way_n be_v phoebus_n direction_n to_o his_o son_n phaeton_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n and_o great_a hazard_n and_o observe_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o gall_n chap._n xxxiiii_o the_o gall_n do_v set_v upon_o caesar_n camp_n both_o from_o the_o town_n and_o the_o field_n side_n the_o mandubii_fw-la caesar_n who_o have_v receive_v the_o army_n into_o the_o town_n be_v themselves_o thrust_v out_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n they_o coming_z to_o the_o roman_a work_n do_v with_o weep_a tear_n 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the_o german_n on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o thick-thronged_n troop_n give_v a_o fierce_a charge_n upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_v whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o archer_n be_v circumvent_v and_o slay_v in_o like_a manner_n on_o the_o other_o side_n our_o mea_fw-la find_v they_o to_o give_v ground_n do_v follow_v they_o even_o to_o their_o camp_n and_o give_v they_o no_o time_n to_o recover_v themselves_o such_o as_o be_v come_v out_o of_o alesia_n return_v back_o sad_a into_o the_o town_n despair_v of_o victory_n one_o day_n be_v intermit_v in_o which_o time_n they_o make_v provision_n of_o great_a store_n of_o hurdle_n ladder_n and_o hook_n about_o midnight_n they_o march_v silent_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n and_o come_v to_o the_o work_n on_o the_o field_n side_n and_o take_v up_o a_o sudden_a shout_n to_o give_v notice_n of_o their_o come_n to_o they_o of_o the_o town_n they_o cast_v their_o hurdle_n upon_o the_o ditch_n and_o with_o sling_n arrow_n and_o stone_n they_o begin_v to_o put_v our_o man_n from_o the_o rampire_n and_o to_o put_v in_o practice_v such_o thing_n as_o belong_v to_o a_o siege_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o shout_n be_v hear_v vercingetorix_n sound_v the_o trumpet_n and_o bring_v his_o man_n out_o of_o the_o town_n our_o man_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o fortification_n according_a as_o every_o man_n place_n be_v allot_v he_o the_o day_n before_o and_o with_o sling_n and_o bullet_n which_o they_o have_v lay_v ready_a upon_o the_o work_n they_o do_v beat_v down_o the_o gall_n their_o sight_n be_v take_v away_o through_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n many_o wound_n be_v receive_v on_o both_o side_n and_o many_o weapon_n be_v cast_v out_o of_o engine_n m._n antonius_n and_o c._n trebonius_n legates_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o those_o part_n where_o our_o man_n be_v most_o lay_v to_o cause_v man_n to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o further_a castle_n and_o to_o be_v bring_v to_o second_v they_o the_o gall_n be_v a_o good_a way_n distant_a from_o the_o work_n do_v much_o hurt_n with_o multitude_n of_o weapon_n but_o approach_v near_o either_o they_o strike_v themselves_o unwitting_o upon_o the_o galthrop_n or_o fall_v into_o the_o hole_n be_v strike_v through_o the_o body_n with_o the_o sharp_a stake_n or_o die_v with_o mural_a pile_n be_v cast_v from_o the_o rampire_n and_o the_o tower_n many_o wound_n be_v receive_v on_o all_o side_n as_o the_o day_n appear_v the_o gall_n fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v charge_v on_o the_o open_a side_n by_o a_o sally_n from_o the_o upper_a camp_n retire_v back_o again_o to_o their_o fellow_n on_o the_o inner_a side_n whilst_o they_o bring_v out_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v prepare_v beforehand_o by_o vercingetorix_n and_o be_v fill_v up_o the_o first_o ditch_n be_v somewhat_o long_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o thing_n they_o understand_v that_o the_o other_o gall_n be_v depart_v before_o they_o themselves_o can_v come_v near_o the_o work_n and_o thereupon_o they_o return_v into_o the_o town_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n observation_n the_o gall_n commit_v the_o command_n of_o this_o great_a army_n to_o four_o general_n general_n contrary_a to_o practice_v of_o warlike_a nation_n and_o the_o order_n which_o nature_n observe_v throughout_o all_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o creature_n among_o who_o there_o be_v never_o body_n find_v of_o many_o head_n but_o one_o hydra_n be_v make_v as_o it_o seem_v or_o rather_o feign_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o end_n that_o hercules_n may_v have_v a_o task_n answerable_a to_o himself_o and_o make_v it_o one_o of_o his_o twelve_o labour_n to_o kill_v the_o beast_n the_o serpent_n amphisibaena_n be_v say_v to_o have_v two_o head_n amphisibaena_fw-la whereby_o she_o either_o lose_v the_o use_n of_o local_a motion_n or_o at_o the_o least_o move_v so_o imperfect_o one_o head_n take_v one_o way_n and_o the_o other_o another_o way_n as_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a or_o direct_a 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than_o what_o caesar_n have_v relate_v who_o best_o know_v the_o whole_a project_n of_o that_o business_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o seven_o and_o last_o commentary_n write_v by_o caesar_n of_o the_o war_n he_o make_v in_o gallia_n finis_fw-la observation_n upon_o caesar_n commentary_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n betwixt_o he_o and_o pompey_n by_o clement_n edmund_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n london_n print_v by_o roger_n daniel_n 1655._o the_o first_o commentary_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o argument_n this_o commentary_n contain_v the_o motion_n and_o contention_n at_o rome_n concern_v caesar_n give_v up_o his_o government_n the_o rent_n in_o the_o state_n upon_o the_o disagreement_n of_o the_o senate_n how_o either_o side_n bestir_v themselves_o to_o seize_v upon_o the_o province_n pompey_n get_v the_o east_n and_o caesar_n the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o defeat_v afranius_n and_o petreius_n in_o spain_n chap._n i._n the_o senate_n affection_n on_o caesar_n behalf_n have_v be_v deliver_v by_o fabius_n to_o the_o consul_n from_o c._n caesar_n caesar_n it_o be_v hardly_o obtain_v by_o the_o extreme_a importunity_n of_o the_o tribune_n to_o get_v they_o read_v in_o the_o senate_n but_o to_o consult_v thereof_o or_o to_o bring_v the_o content_n in_o question_n will_v not_o be_v grant_v the_o consul_n propound_v business_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o the_o city_n l._n lentulus_n consul_n protest_v his_o assistance_n shall_v not_o be_v want_v neither_o to_o the_o senate_n nor_o to_o the_o commonweal_n if_o they_o will_v speak_v their_o mind_n free_o and_o bold_o but_o if_o they_o respect_v caesar_n and_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o his_o favour_n as_o in_o former_a time_n they_o usual_o have_v he_o will_v then_o take_v a_o course_n for_o himself_o and_o not_o regard_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n neither_o want_v he_o mean_v of_o entrance_n into_o caesar_n friendship_n and_o good_a acceptance_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n speak_v scipio_n that_o pompey_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v aid_v to_o the_o commonweal_n if_o the_o senate_n will_v stand_v to_o he_o but_o if_o they_o temporize_v and_o deal_v cold_o in_o vain_a hereafter_o shall_v they_o seek_v aid_n from_o he_o albeit_o they_o instant_o desire_v it_o this_o speech_n of_o scipio_n seem_v to_o come_v from_o pompey_n own_o mouth_n he_o himself_o be_v present_a and_o the_o senate_n keep_v within_o the_o city_n some_o other_o speak_v more_o temperate_o as_o first_o m._n marcellus_n who_o think_v it_o not_o convenient_a that_o the_o senate_n shall_v bring_v these_o thing_n in_o question_n until_o they_o have_v make_v a_o levy_v of_o soldier_n throughout_o all_o italy_n and_o enrol_v a_o army_n by_o who_o protection_n they_o may_v safe_o and_o free_o determine_v what_o they_o think_v fit_a at_o also_o m._n calidius_n who_o think_v it_o requisite_a that_o pompey_n shall_v go_v to_o his_o province_n and_o government_n to_o remove_v all_o occasion_n of_o take_v arm_n for_o caesar_n have_v two_o legion_n new_o take_v from_o he_o fear_z that_o pompey_n keep_v they_o near_o about_o the_o city_n to_o his_o prejudice_n and_o likewise_o m._n rufus_n vary_v some_o few_o word_n declare_v himself_o of_o calidius_n opinion_n all_o these_o be_v bitter_o reprove_v by_o l._n lentulus_n the_o consul_n who_o utter_o deny_v to_o publish_v what_o calidius_n have_v sentence_v marcellus_n fear_v with_o these_o menace_n retract_v his_o opinion_n and_o so_o what_o with_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o consul_n the_o terror_n of_o the_o present_a army_n and_o the_o threaten_v use_v by_o pompey_n faction_n most_o of_o the_o senator_n be_v compel_v against_o their_o will_n to_o allow_v that_o which_o scipio_n think_v fit_a which_o be_v that_o by_o a_o certain_a day_n caesar_n shall_v dissolve_v and_o dismiss_v his_o army_n which_o if_o he_o do_v refuse_v to_o do_v that_o then_o he_o open_o show_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o common-weal_n m._n antonius_n and_o l._n cassius_n tribunes_z of_o the_o people_n do_v oppose_v this_o decree_n their_o opposition_n be_v instant_o speak_v unto_o and_o many_o sharp_a and_o hard_a censure_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o same_o for_o according_a as_o any_o one_o speak_v most_o bitter_o and_o cruel_o so_o they_o be_v most_o high_o commend_v by_o caesar_n enemy_n the_o first_o observation_n as_o the_o former_a commentary_n do_v carry_v in_o their_o front_n the_o ensign_n of_o honour_n display_v the_o military_a valour_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n in_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n and_o other_o kingdom_n of_o warlike_a nation_n so_o be_v these_o relation_n brand_v in_o the_o forehead_n with_o a_o note_n of_o infamy_n and_o title_v with_o the_o direful_a name_n of_o civil_a war_n a_o odious_a and_o decry_v cause_n ill_o befit_v the_o integrity_n of_o that_o state_n or_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o actor_n which_o be_v chief_a in_o this_o tragedy_n who_o neglect_v all_o that_o may_v either_o enlarge_v the_o empire_n or_o repair_v rome_n honour_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o crassus_n choose_v rather_o to_o imbrue_v their_o ambitious_a sword_n in_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o own_o country_n 1._o eagle_n against_o eagle_n and_o pile_n against_o pile_n in_o a_o war_n which_o can_v challenge_v no_o triumph_n if_o it_o be_v now_o demand_v as_o former_o it_o be_v quis_fw-la furor_fw-la o_fw-la cives_fw-la quae_fw-la tanta_fw-la licentia_fw-la ferri_fw-la what_o fury_n be_v this_o what_o these_o licentious_a arm_n be_v it_o pompey_n ambition_n or_o caesar_n high_a thought_n that_o bereave_v the_o state_n of_o liberty_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o roman_n it_o be_v beside_o the_o scope_n of_o these_o discourse_n to_o lay_v a_o imputation_n upon_o either_o of_o those_o worthy_n the_o one_o be_v chief_a assistant_n to_o the_o empire_n when_o she_o put_v off_o her_o consulary_a government_n and_o the_o other_o sit_v sole_a at_o the_o helm_n direct_v a_o course_n to_o fetch_v in_o many_o caesar_n only_o this_o i_o may_v true_o say_v with_o tacitus_n an._n that_o civil_a war_n be_v never_o set_v on_o foot_n by_o justifiable_a course_n yet_o for_o the_o reader_n better_a direction_n and_o for_o open_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o story_n off_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v regard_v then_o either_o socrates_n or_o plato_n friendship_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o fetch_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o war_n a_o little_a high_o in_o a_o word_n than_o these_o commentary_n do_v afford_v they_o the_o history_n of_o that_o age_n do_v all_o intimate_v that_o when_o rome_n have_v ennoble_v pompey_n with_o her_o service_n and_o style_v he_o by_o employment_n with_o the_o title_n of_o greatness_n as_o a_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o injury_n do_v unto_o his_o father_n he_o forget_v the_o right_n of_o a_o state_n which_o challenge_v the_o renown_n of_o other_o man_n labour_n and_o suffer_v no_o subject_n to_o be_v copartner_n therein_o further_o than_o by_o approbation_n of_o service_n and_o obedience_n assume_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n due_a to_o the_o commonweal_n and_o become_v proud_a of_o that_o which_o be_v none_o of_o he_o in_o which_o conceit_n the_o ambition_n of_o his_o spirit_n keep_v no_o measure_n but_o overvalue_v his_o merit_n so_o far_o that_o he_o think_v himself_o rather_o a_o sovereign_n than_o a_o servant_n so_o easy_o be_v man_n bewitch_v when_o the_o favour_n of_o a_o state_n have_v once_o make_v they_o absolute_a and_o put_v itself_o under_o the_o awe_n of_o private_a command_n in_o this_o height_n of_o greatness_n and_o authority_n he_o make_v way_n for_o caesar_n his_o father_n in_o law_n who_o have_v a_o spirit_n as_o subject_a to_o ambition_n and_o as_o capable_a of_o public_a dignity_n as_o any_o one_o among_o all_o the_o patrician_n family_n and_o upon_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o consulship_n in_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 695_o obtain_v the_o government_n of_o gallia_n transalpina_n and_o likewise_o of_o that_o other_o gallia_n which_o they_o call_v cisalpina_n contain_v the_o country_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o alps_n and_o the_o 1._o little_a river_n rubicon_n together_o with_o sclavonâ—a_n and_o four_o legion_n of_o soldier_n for_o the_o term_n of_o five_o year_n at_o the_o expiration_n whereof_o his_o charge_n be_v continue_v by_o the_o like_a favour_n and_o meditation_n of_o crasso_fw-la pompey_n and_o the_o assistance_n of_o crassus_n for_o five_o year_n long_o with_o a_o redouble_v of_o his_o force_n but_o after_o that_o crassus_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o parthian_a war_n and_o that_o julia_n caesar_n daughter_n who_o pompey_n have_v marry_v be_v decease_v whereby_o caesar_n stand_v single_a without_o any_o tie_n of_o alliance_n or_o other_o mor_fw-fr counterpoise_n of_o a_o three_o party_n to_o hold_v they_o balance_v at_o the_o same_o weight_n as_o they_o stand_v while_o crassus_n live_v pompey_n jealous_a of_o those_o victory_n and_o passage_n
they_o have_v consult_v of_o the_o matter_n make_v a_o answer_n in_o writing_n and_o return_v it_o by_o they_o to_o caesar_n whereof_o this_o be_v the_o effect_n that_o he_o shall_v return_v into_o gallia_n quit_v ariminum_n and_o dismiss_v his_o army_n which_o if_o he_o do_v pompey_n will_v then_o go_v into_o spain_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n until_o assurance_n be_v give_v that_o caesar_n will_v perform_v as_o much_o as_o he_o promise_v the_o consul_n and_o pompey_n will_v not_o forbear_v to_o levy_v soldier_n the_o condition_n be_v too_o unequal_a to_o require_v caesar_n to_o leave_v ariminum_n and_o to_o return_v into_o his_o province_n and_o pompey_n to_o hold_v province_n and_o legion_n belong_v to_o other_o man_n to_o have_v caesar_n dismiss_v his_o army_n and_o he_o to_o raise_v new_a troop_n to_o promise_v simple_o to_o go_v to_o his_o government_n but_o to_o assign_v no_o day_n for_o his_o departure_n insomuch_o that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o go_v until_o caesar_n time_n of_o government_n have_v expire_v he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v blame_v for_o falsify_v his_o promise_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o appoint_v no_o time_n for_o a_o conference_n nor_o make_v any_o show_n of_o come_v near_o there_o can_v no_o hope_n be_v conceive_v of_o peace_n the_o first_o observation_n caesar_n lie_v at_o ravenna_n within_o his_o government_n of_o gallia_n and_o understand_v how_o matter_n pass_v at_o rome_n caesaris_fw-la according_a as_o plutarch_n report_v command_v divers_a of_o his_o centurion_n to_o go_v before_o to_o ariminum_n without_o any_o other_o armour_n than_o their_o sword_n and_o to_o possess_v themselves_o thereof_o with_o as_o little_a tumult_n as_o they_o can_v and_o then_o leave_v the_o troop_n about_o he_o to_o be_v command_v by_o hortensius_n he_o continue_v a_o whole_a day_n together_o in_o public_a sight_n of_o all_o man_n to_o behold_v the_o fence_n of_o the_o sword-player_n at_o night_n he_o bathe_v his_o body_n and_o then_o keep_v company_n with_o such_o as_o he_o have_v bid_v to_o supper_n and_o after_o a_o while_n rise_v from_o the_o table_n wish_v every_o man_n to_o keep_v his_o place_n for_o he_o will_v instant_o come_v again_o howbeit_o have_v secret_o command_v some_o of_o his_o follower_n to_o attend_v he_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v give_v least_o suspicion_n he_o himself_o take_v a_o coach_n which_o he_o have_v hire_v 96._o and_o make_v show_n of_o go_v a_o contrary_a way_n turn_v sudden_o towards_o ariminum_n when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o little_a river_n rubicon_n which_o divide_v his_o government_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n he_o stand_v confound_v through_o remose_n of_o his_o desperate_a design_n and_o wist_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o return_v or_o go_v on_o but_o in_o the_o end_n lay_v aside_o all_o doubtful_a cogitation_n he_o resolve_v upon_o a_o desperate_a adage_n dice_n import_v as_o much_o as_o fall_v back_o fall_v edge_n and_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n never_o stay_v run_v with_o his_o coach_n until_o he_o come_v within_o the_o city_n of_o ariminum_n 2._o where_o he_o meet_v curio_n and_o antonius_n tribune_n of_o the_o people_n and_o show_v they_o to_o the_o soldier_n as_o they_o be_v drive_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o rome_n disguise_v like_o slave_n in_o a_o carrier_n cart_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o night_n before_o he_o pass_v over_o this_o river_n he_o dream_v that_o he_o lie_v with_o his_o mother_n in_o a_o unnatural_a sense_n but_o of_o that_o he_o himself_o make_v no_o mention_n this_o city_n of_o ariminum_n be_v now_o call_v râ—mini_n and_o stand_v in_o romania_n upon_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o pope_n dominion_n the_o river_n rubâ—con_n be_v ancient_o the_o bound_n of_o gallia_n over_o which_o augustus_n cause_v a_o fair_a bridge_n to_o be_v build_v with_o this_o inscription_n jussu_fw-la mandatuve_a p._n r._n cos._n imp._n mili_n tiro_n commilito_fw-la manipularis-ve_a cent_z turmaeve_a legionari-ve_a armat_fw-la quisquis_fw-la es._n hic_fw-la sistito_fw-la vexillum_fw-la sinito_fw-la nec_fw-la citra_fw-la hunc_fw-la amnem_fw-la rubiconem_fw-la ductum_fw-la commeatum_fw-la exercitum-ve_a traducito_fw-la si_fw-it quis_fw-la hujusce_fw-la jussionis_fw-la ergo_fw-la adversus_fw-la fecit_fw-la feceritve_a adjudicatus_fw-la esto_fw-la hostess_fw-la p._n r._n ac_fw-la si_fw-it contra_fw-la patriam_fw-la arma_fw-la tulerit_fw-la sacrosque_fw-la penates_fw-la e._n penetralibus_fw-la asportaverit_fw-la sancio_fw-la plebisci_n senatus-ve_a consult_v ultra_fw-la hos_fw-la fines_n arma_fw-la proffer_n liceat_fw-la nemini_fw-la s._n p._n q._n r._n the_o substance_n whereof_o be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v unlawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o come_v over_o the_o say_a river_n arm_v under_o penalty_n of_o be_v adjudge_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o a_o invader_n of_o his_o own_o country_n the_o second_o observation_n if_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v be_v bring_v into_o dispute_n and_o the_o reason_n require_v why_o caesar_n keep_v not_o himself_o in_o the_o province_n of_o gallia_n where_o he_o may_v have_v hold_v his_o government_n according_a to_o his_o own_o desire_n or_o otherwise_o have_v draw_v his_o adversary_n to_o buckle_v with_o the_o strength_n of_o those_o conquer_a legion_n and_o so_o bring_v the_o business_n to_o a_o short_a end_n with_o as_o great_a probability_n of_o good_a success_n as_o by_o any_o hazard_n of_o undertake_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o seldom_o admit_v any_o treaty_n of_o accord_n he_o that_o strike_v first_o and_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o forehand_n be_v well_o enter_v into_o the_o way_n of_o victory_n for_o the_o rule_n be_v of_o old_a significes_fw-la that_o if_o a_o enemy_n have_v a_o design_n in_o hand_n it_o be_v far_o more_o safe_a to_o begin_v first_o and_o by_o way_n of_o prevention_n to_o give_v the_o onset_n on_o he_o rather_o than_o to_o show_v a_o readiness_n of_o resist_v his_o assault_n for_o if_o blow_n of_o necessity_n must_v be_v way-maker_n to_o peace_n it_o be_v a_o mistake_v to_o be_v either_o want_v or_o behindhand_o therein_o beside_o the_o gain_n which_o attend_v this_o advantage_n 6._o for_o he_o that_o stand_v affect_v to_o deny_v what_o be_v just_a negat_fw-la and_o of_o right_n due_a do_v nevertheless_o grant_v all_o thing_n which_o the_o sword_n require_v and_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o supply_v all_o unjust_a refusal_n with_o as_o great_a a_o overplus_n of_o what_o may_v be_v demand_v 1._o for_o which_o cause_n caesar_n stay_v not_o the_o come_n of_o his_o whole_a army_n but_o begin_v with_o those_o force_n which_o be_v ready_a at_o hand_n and_o so_o prevent_v all_o intendment_n he_o put_v his_o adversary_n to_o such_o a_o straight_a that_o they_o quit_v italy_n for_o fear_n and_o leave_v rome_n with_o whatsoever_o be_v sacred_a or_o precious_a therein_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o they_o who_o they_o have_v adjudge_v enemy_n to_o their_o country_n chap._n vi_o caesar_n take_v divers_a municipal_a to_n for_o which_o regard_n caesar_n he_o send_v m._n antonius_n with_o five_o cohort_n to_o aretium_n man_n but_o he_o himself_o stay_v at_o ariminum_n with_o two_o legion_n and_o there_o intend_v to_o enrol_v new_a troop_n tignium_n and_o with_o several_a cohort_n take_v pisaurum_n fanum_n and_o ancona_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v advertise_v that_o thermus_n the_o praetor_n do_v hold_v tignium_n with_o five_o cohort_n and_o fortify_v the_o place_n and_o that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v well_o incline_v towards_o he_o he_o send_v curio_n thither_o with_o three_o cohort_n which_o he_o have_v at_o pisaurum_n and_o ariminum_n upon_o notice_n of_o who_o come_v thermus_n doubt_v of_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o town_n draw_v his_o cohort_n forth_o of_o the_o city_n and_o flee_v the_o soldier_n by_o the_o way_n go_v from_o he_o and_o repair_v homeward_o curio_n be_v there_o receive_v with_o the_o great_a contentment_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o man_n upon_o notice_n whereof_o caesar_n conceive_v hope_n of_o the_o favourable_a affection_n of_o the_o municipal_a town_n bring_v the_o cohort_n of_o the_o thirteen_o legion_n out_o of_o their_o garrison_n varus_n and_o march_v towards_o auximum_n a_o town_n hold_v by_o actius_n with_o certain_a cohort_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v thither_o with_o he_o who_o have_v send_v out_o divers_a senator_n picenum_n make_v a_o levy_v of_o man_n throughout_o all_o the_o country_n of_o picenum_n caesar_n come_v being_n know_v the_o decuriones_fw-la of_o auximum_n repair_v to_o actius_n varus_n accompany_v with_o great_a troop_n of_o people_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o the_o matter_n concern_v not_o he_o at_o all_o for_o neither_o themselves_o nor_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o municipal_a town_n will_v shut_v their_o gate_n against_o such_o a_o commander_n as_o caesar_n be_v that_o by_o great_a and_o worthy_a service_n have_v so_o well_o deserve_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o advise_v he_o
out_o of_o curious_a suspicion_n or_o idle_a fear_n yet_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o be_v requisite_a and_o expedient_a which_o may_v teach_v a_o general_n to_o be_v careful_a even_o of_o possibility_n 24._o and_o to_o prevent_v contingency_n with_o the_o certainty_n of_o industrious_a direction_n account_v always_o that_o which_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v as_o certain_a as_o any_o thing_n we_o most_o expect_v the_o four_o observation_n concern_v spain_n 3._o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o the_o roman_n at_o first_o divide_v it_o into_o two_o province_n which_o they_o call_v the_o near_o and_o the_o further_o or_o according_a to_o strabo_n the_o utter_a and_o the_o inner_a and_o they_o be_v separate_v asunder_o by_o the_o river_n iberus_n now_o ebro_n and_o thence_o also_o they_o be_v call_v cis_n iberum_fw-la &_o ultra_fw-la iberum_fw-la spain_n on_o this_o side_n ebro_n and_o spain_n beyond_o the_o near_a province_n be_v the_o lesser_a continue_v without_o alteration_n during_o the_o roman_n government_n and_o be_v sometime_o call_v tarraconensis_n provincia_n of_o tarraeo_n the_o principal_a town_n of_o the_o same_o but_o the_o further_o in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o one_o call_v betica_n and_o the_o other_o lusitania_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o spain_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o province_n it_o be_v first_o enter_v by_o the_o roman_n by_o occasion_n of_o the_o notable_a siege_n of_o saguntum_n upon_o which_o p._n scipio_n have_v subdue_v the_o carthaginian_n reduce_v spain_n into_o a_o province_n and_o leave_v it_o govern_v by_o proconsul_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o cornelius_n lentulus_n and_o lucius_n stertinius_n 555._o afterward_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o propraetor_n and_o sometime_o by_o praetor_n according_a as_o the_o empire_n come_v to_o be_v enlarge_v and_o have_v thereby_o many_o government_n for_o the_o preferment_n of_o such_o as_o have_v supply_v the_o better_a place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o state_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o time_n of_o trouble_n the_o governor_n have_v always_o consularie_a power_n as_o in_o the_o war_n against_o scrtorius_n quintus_fw-la metellus_n proconsul_n livy_n and_o cn._n pompeius_n questor_n cum_fw-la consulari_fw-la potestate_fw-la missi_fw-la sunt_fw-la be_v send_v with_o consular_a power_n and_o at_o this_o time_n pompey_n govern_v it_o by_o two_o deputy_n or_o legate_n touch_v the_o form_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o country_n strabo_n liken_v it_o to_o a_o ox_n hide_v the_o neck_n whereof_o join_v to_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n which_o rise_v in_o tower_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o another_o as_o limit_n and_o bound_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n take_v their_o name_n as_o some_o think_v from_o pyrene_n the_o maid_n that_o hercules_n deflower_v who_o sil._n ital._n mention_v lib._n 3._o pyrene_n celsus_fw-la nimbo_fw-la si_fw-la verticis_fw-la arce_fw-la divisos_fw-la celtis_fw-la late_a prospectat_fw-la iberos_n atque_fw-la aeterna_fw-la tenet_fw-la magnis_fw-la divortia_fw-la terris_fw-la nomen_fw-la bebrycia_n duxere_fw-la à _fw-la virgine_fw-la colle_n hospitis_fw-la alcidae_fw-la crimen_fw-la qui_fw-la sort_n laborum_fw-la gerionis_fw-la peteret_fw-la cum_fw-la long_fw-mi tricorporis_fw-la arva_fw-la possessus_fw-la baccho_fw-la saeva_fw-la bebrycis_n in_fw-la aula_fw-la lugendam_fw-la â—ormae_fw-la sine_fw-la virginitate_fw-la reliquit_fw-la pyrenen_fw-la and_o a_o little_a after_o defletumque_fw-la tenent_fw-la montes_n per_fw-la secula_fw-la nomen_fw-la the_o lofty_a tower_n of_o pyren_n cloudy_a head_n over_o look_n the_o iberi_n who_o it_o part_n from_o celts_n for_o aye_o divide_v those_o two_o spacious_a land_n from_o bebryx_n daughter_n first_o these_o hill_n take_v name_n ravish_v by_o hercules_n who_o as_o he_o go_v the_o triple-bodied_n gerion_n land_n to_o seize_v drink_v at_o the_o time_n and_o lodge_v in_o bebryx_n court_n pyrene_n leave_v to_o be_v bewail_v by_o beauty_n no_o more_o a_o virgin_n and_o her_o lament_a name_n the_o hill_n still_o keep_v but_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n more_o general_o receive_v they_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o that_o shepherd_n and_o herdsman_n set_v they_o once_o on_o fire_n 5._o as_o witness_v diodorus_n siculus_n and_o aristotle_n auscultatioribus_fw-la in_o hiberia_fw-la inquit_fw-la combustis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la pastoribus_fw-la sylvis_n calenteque_fw-la ignibus_fw-la terra_fw-la manifestum_fw-la argentum_fw-la defluxisse_fw-la cumque_fw-la postmodum_fw-la terrae-motus_a supervenisset_fw-la eruptis_fw-la hiatibus_fw-la magnam_fw-la copiam_fw-la argenti_fw-la collectam_fw-la atque_fw-la inde_fw-la massiliensibus_fw-la proventus_fw-la non_fw-la vulgares_fw-la obtigisse_fw-la he_o say_v that_o on_o a_o time_n in_o spain_n the_o shepherd_n have_v set_v fire_n on_o the_o wood_n the_o ground_n be_v so_o heat_v thereby_o that_o plain_a rill_n of_o silver_n flow_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o that_o afterward_o by_o reason_n of_o earthquake_n several_a gaping_n be_v make_v in_o the_o say_a place_n they_o gather_v great_a plenty_n of_o silver_n which_o the_o marscillians_n make_v no_o small_a benefit_n of_o the_o country_n of_o spain_n be_v commend_v for_o many_o thing_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o divers_a eulogy_n among_o which_o that_o of_o claudianus_n the_o poet_n be_v write_v as_o though_o the_o author_n have_v be_v a_o pensioner_n to_o the_o kingdom_n quid_fw-la dignum_fw-la memorare_fw-la tuis_fw-la hispania_n terris_fw-la vex_v humana_fw-la valet_fw-la primo_fw-la lavat_fw-la aequore_fw-la solemn_a india_n tu_fw-la fessos_fw-la exacta_fw-la luce_fw-fr jugales_fw-la proluis_fw-la inque_fw-la tuo_fw-la respirant_fw-la sydera_fw-la fluctu_fw-la dives_fw-la equis_fw-la frugum_fw-la facilis_fw-la pretiosa_fw-la metallis_fw-la principibus_fw-la foecunda_fw-la piis_fw-la what_o note_a thing_n in_o spain_n can_v man_n commend_v as_o indian_a sea_n first_o drench_v the_o morning_n sun_n so_o his_o tire_a steed_n wash_v here_o when_o day_n be_v do_v in_o spanish_a wave_n the_o weary_a star_n take_v breath_n spain_n store_n of_o horse_n fruit_n precious_a metal_n have_v breed_v pious_a prince_n chap._n xv._n caesar_n come_v to_o his_o army_n advance_v forward_o and_o incamp_v near_o unto_o the_o enemy_n within_o two_o day_n after_o caesar_n come_v into_o the_o camp_n with_o nine_o hundred_o horse_n caesar_n which_o he_o have_v keep_v with_o he_o for_o a_o convoy_n the_o bridge_n break_v by_o the_o tempest_n be_v almost_o re-edify_v and_o that_o which_o remain_v undo_v he_o command_v to_o be_v finish_v in_o the_o night_n and_o have_v see_v the_o nature_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n he_o leave_v six_o cohort_n to_o keep_v the_o camp_n and_o the_o bridge_n with_o all_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o next_o day_n put_v all_o his_o force_n into_o a_o triple_a battle_n he_o march_v towards_o ilerda_n and_o there_o stand_v a_o while_n in_o arm_n offer_a battle_n in_o a_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a place_n afranius_n bring_v out_o his_o force_n and_o make_v a_o stand_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o hill_n under_o his_o camp_n caesar_n perceive_v that_o afranius_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o dispose_v to_o fight_v determine_v to_o incamp_v himself_o some_o 400_o pace_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n 4._o and_o lest_o the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v interrupt_v in_o their_o work_n by_o the_o sudden_a assault_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o forbid_v they_o to_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o rampire_n or_o wall_n which_o must_v necessary_o be_v discover_v and_o see_v afar_o off_o but_o cause_v a_o ditch_n to_o be_v make_v of_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o breadth_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o camp_n next_o unto_o the_o enemy_n the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n according_a as_o be_v direct_v continue_v in_o arm_n 4._o and_o the_o three_o battle_n perform_v the_o work_n behind_o they_o unseen_a before_o it_o be_v understand_v by_o afranius_n that_o caesar_n will_v incamp_v in_o that_o place_n which_o be_v finish_v he_o draw_v his_o legion_n within_o the_o ditch_n and_o so_o stand_v in_o arm_n all_o night_n the_o next_o day_n he_o keep_v all_o his_o army_n within_o the_o ditch_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o matter_n to_o make_v the_o rampire_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v far_o off_o he_o keep_v the_o like_a course_n for_o the_o finish_n of_o the_o rest_n allot_v each_o side_n of_o the_o camp_n to_o be_v fortify_v by_o a_o several_a legion_n with_o a_o ditch_n to_o be_v sink_v about_o of_o the_o same_o scantling_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n make_v the_o other_o legion_n to_o stand_v ready_a in_o arm_n against_o the_o enemy_n afranius_n and_o petreius_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v amuse_v the_o soldier_n and_o hinder_v the_o work_n bring_v down_o their_o force_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o provoke_v they_o to_o fight_v howbeit_o caesar_n intermit_v not_o the_o work_n trust_v to_o three_o legion_n in_o arm_n and_o the_o munition_n of_o the_o ditch_n the_o enemy_n not_o make_v any_o long_a stay_n or_o advance_v further_o than_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o
hill_n lead_v back_o their_o troop_n into_o the_o camp_n the_o three_o day_n caesar_n fortify_v his_o camp_n with_o a_o rampire_n and_o command_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o cohort_n and_o the_o carriage_n which_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o other_o camp_n to_o be_v bring_v unto_o he_o observation_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v for_o caesar_n custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o war_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o the_o enemy_n as_o convenient_o he_o can_v that_o so_o he_o may_v the_o better_o observe_v his_o passage_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o take_v the_o favour_n of_o any_o opportunity_n which_o either_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n or_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o adversary_n will_v afford_v he_o which_o be_v the_o rather_o his_o advantage_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o dexterity_n and_o superlative_a knowledge_n in_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n together_o with_o the_o experience_n of_o his_o old_a legion_n whereby_o he_o be_v able_a not_o only_o to_o improve_v his_o own_o design_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o a_o honourable_a success_n but_o to_o return_v the_o disgrace_n of_o any_o attempt_n make_v upon_o his_o army_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o they_o that_o be_v author_n of_o the_o same_o for_o otherwise_o his_o accost_v so_o near_o a_o enemy_n may_v have_v turn_v to_o his_o own_o loss_n as_o be_v full_a of_o hazard_n and_o subject_n to_o more_o casualty_n than_o he_o that_o stand_v further_o off_o and_o therefore_o the_o rule_n be_v that_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o â—it_n near_o his_o adversary_n must_v be_v exceed_o circumspect_a and_o sure_a of_o some_o advantage_n either_o from_o the_o place_n or_o the_o over-awing_a power_n of_o his_o force_n or_o else_o out_o of_o his_o own_o virtue_n or_o by_o some_o other_o mean_n to_o oversway_n the_o inconvenience_n which_o attend_v such_o engagement_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o frontinus_n observe_v hence_o touch_v the_o straight_o whereinto_o caesar_n be_v fall_v 5._o be_v either_o to_o give_v battle_n which_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v or_o to_o make_v good_a that_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v not_o retreat_v but_o with_o danger_n whereupon_o a_o little_a before_o night_n be_v steal_v the_o make_n of_o a_o ditch_n on_o the_o back_n of_o his_o army_n and_o retire_v himself_o within_o the_o same_o stand_v in_o arm_n all_o night_n for_o his_o better_a safety_n the_o use_n of_o such_o ditch_n be_v of_o much_o importance_n and_o have_v oftentimes_o redeem_v a_o army_n from_o great_a extremity_n and_o be_v so_o frequent_a upon_o all_o occasion_n with_o the_o roman_n that_o he_o that_o shall_v deny_v they_o to_o be_v good_a ditcher_n shall_v do_v they_o wrong_n and_o not_o only_o they_o but_o other_o nation_n can_v tell_v how_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o spade_n pericles_z of_o athens_n be_v force_v by_o they_o of_o peloponnesus_n into_o a_o place_n that_o have_v but_o two_o outlet_n of_o escape_n sink_v a_o ditch_n of_o a_o great_a latitude_n thwart_o one_o of_o the_o passage_n as_o though_o he_o mean_v to_o keep_v out_o the_o enemy_n and_o set_v his_o soldier_n to_o break_v out_o the_o other_o way_n the_o peloponnesian_n think_v he_o can_v no_o way_n escape_v by_o the_o passage_n where_o the_o trench_n be_v cut_v apply_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o other_o place_n where_o the_o soldier_n make_v show_v of_o break_v out_o whereby_o through_o the_o help_n of_o bridge_n which_o he_o have_v former_o provide_v he_o escape_v over_o the_o ditch_n without_o resistance_n sometime_o they_o add_v other_o help_n to_o these_o trench_n especial_o when_o they_o seek_v handsome_a mean_n to_o get_v themselves_o away_o whereof_o sertorius_n may_v be_v a_o instance_n who_o have_v the_o enemy_n press_v he_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o be_v to_o pass_v a_o river_n draw_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n at_o his_o back_n in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o halfmoon_n which_o rampire_n he_o heap_v with_o wood_n and_o combustible_a matter_n and_o so_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n keep_v off_o the_o enemy_n and_o pass_v with_o ease_n over_o the_o water_n in_o like_a manner_n herculeius_n one_o of_o sertorius_n legates_n have_v rash_o enter_v with_o a_o small_a power_n into_o a_o long_a and_o narrow_a passage_n between_o two_o hill_n and_o find_v himself_o pursue_v by_o great_a force_n of_o the_o enemy_n sink_v a_o cross_a trench_n between_o the_o two_o mountain_n and_o pile_v the_o rampire_n with_o wood_n set_v it_o on_o fire_n and_o so_o cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n chap._n xvi_o caesar_n attempt_n to_o possess_v himself_o of_o a_o small_a hill_n what_o disadvantage_n he_o run_v into_o by_o miss_v of_o his_o purpose_n what_o mean_v he_o use_v to_o recover_v himself_o between_o the_o town_n of_o ilerda_n caesar_n and_o the_o next_o hill_n where_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n be_v encamp_v there_o be_v a_o plain_a of_o about_o three_o hundred_o pace_n in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o stand_v a_o little_a mole_n rise_v high_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o if_o caesar_n can_v get_v and_o fortify_v he_o hope_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n from_o the_o town_n and_o the_o bridge_n and_o from_o such_o victual_n and_o provision_n as_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o town_n hereupon_o he_o take_v three_o legion_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o have_v put_v they_o into_o order_n of_o battle_n he_o command_v the_o antesignani_fw-la of_o one_o legion_n to_o run_v before_o &_o possess_v the_o place_n which_o be_v perceive_v the_o cohort_n that_o keep_v watch_v before_o afranius_n camp_n be_v present_o send_v a_o near_a way_n to_o take_v that_o mount_n the_o matter_n come_v to_o blow_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o afranius_n party_n come_v first_o to_o the_o place_n our_o man_n be_v beat_v back_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o new_a supply_n send_v against_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o retire_v to_o the_o legion_n the_o manner_n of_o fight_n which_o those_o soldier_n use_v be_v first_o to_o run_v furious_o upon_o a_o enemy_n to_o seize_v any_o place_n bold_o and_o with_o great_a courage_n not_o much_o respect_v their_o order_n or_o rank_n but_o fight_v in_o a_o scatter_a and_o disperse_a fashion_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v thorough_o charge_v they_o think_v it_o no_o shame_n to_o give_v way_n and_o retire_v accustom_v thereunto_o by_o frequent_v the_o lusitanian_o and_o other_o barbarous_a people_n use_v that_o kind_n of_o fight_n as_o it_o common_o fall_v out_o that_o where_o the_o soldier_n have_v long_o live_v they_o get_v much_o of_o the_o usage_n and_o condition_n of_o those_o place_n notwithstanding_o our_o man_n be_v much_o trouble_v thereat_o as_o unaccustomed_a to_o that_o kind_n of_o â—ight_n for_o see_v every_o man_n leave_v his_o rank_n and_o run_v up_o and_o down_o they_o fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v circumvent_v and_o set_v upon_o inflank_n and_o on_o their_o bare_a and_o open_a side_n whereas_o themselves_o be_v to_o keep_v their_o order_n and_o not_o to_o leave_v their_o place_n but_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n upon_o the_o rout_v of_o the_o antesignani_fw-la the_o legion_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o corneâ—_n leave_v the_o place_n and_o retreat_v to_o the_o next_o hill_n almost_o all_o the_o army_n be_v affright_v upon_o that_o which_o have_v happen_v beyond_o every_o man_n opinion_n contrary_a to_o former_a use_n caesar_n encourage_v his_o man_n bring_v out_o the_o nine_o legion_n to_o second_v they_o by_o that_o mean_n compel_v the_o enemy_n insolent_a of_o good_a success_n and_o shrewd_o pursue_v our_o man_n to_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o the_o town_n of_o ilerda_n and_o there_o to_o make_v a_o stand_n under_o the_o wall_n but_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o nine_o legion_n carry_v on_o with_o endeavour_n and_o go_v about_o to_o repair_v their_o loss_n rash_o follow_v the_o enemy_n into_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o come_v under_o the_o hill_n whereon_o the_o town_n stand_v and_o as_o they_o will_v have_v make_v their_o retreat_n they_o be_v charge_v afresh_o from_o the_o upper_a ground_n the_o front_n of_o the_o place_n have_v a_o uneasy_a break_a ascent_n and_o be_v on_o each_o side_n steep_a extend_v only_o so_o much_o in_o breadth_n as_o will_v serve_v three_o cohort_n to_o imbattell_v in_o neither_o can_v the_o cavalry_n come_v to_o help_v they_o the_o hill_n decline_v easy_o from_o the_o town_n about_o four_o hundred_o pace_n in_o length_n and_o that_o way_n our_o man_n have_v some_o conveniency_n of_o retreat_n from_o the_o disadvantage_n to_o which_o their_o desire_n have_v unadvised_o lead_v they_o the_o fight_n continue_v in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v very_o unequal_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o straightness_n thereof_o as_o also_o for_o that_o they_o stand_v under_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n whereby_o no_o weapon_n fall_v in_o vain_a among_o they_o notwithstanding_o
of_o they_o fight_v on_o each_o side_n enter_v valiant_o the_o enemy_n ship_n kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o highlander_n and_o shepherd_n part_v of_o the_o ship_n they_o sink_v some_o they_o take_v with_o the_o man_n and_o the_o rest_n they_o beat_v back_o into_o the_o haven_n that_o day_n the_o massilian_n lose_v nine_o ship_n with_o those_o that_o be_v take_v this_o news_n be_v bring_v to_o caesar_n at_o ilerda_n the_o first_o observation_n i_o have_v former_o observe_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o sea-fight_n sea-fight_n consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o first_o be_v their_o nimble_a and_o skilful_a manage_n of_o their_o ship_n either_o forcible_o to_o assault_v or_o to_o lavire_n and_o bear_v off_o as_o may_v fall_v for_o their_o best_a advantage_n wherein_o the_o massilian_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o skillfulness_n of_o their_o pilot_n have_v great_a confidence_n the_o second_o be_v their_o fight_n before_o they_o come_v to_o grapple_v as_o well_o with_o great_a engine_n such_o as_o be_v their_o balistae_fw-la and_o catapultae_n cast_v stone_n and_o log_n of_o wood_n one_o against_o another_o as_o also_o with_o sling_n arrow_n and_o dart_n resemble_v our_o great_a artillery_n and_o small_a shot_n for_o which_o purpose_n their_o ship_n be_v build_v with_o fore-castles_a and_o turret_n and_o other_o advantage_n of_o height_n for_o their_o cast_a weapon_n the_o three_o be_v their_o grapple_a and_o forcible_a entry_n wherein_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o matter_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o valour_n the_o legionary_a soldier_n carry_v the_o cause_n whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o their_o legion_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o valiant_a and_o worthy_a man_n as_o well_o for_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o land_n be_v â—itted_v by_o the_o discipline_n of_o their_o military_a exercise_n to_o undertake_v any_o service_n subject_n to_o humane_a industry_n whereof_o they_o gâ—ve_v a_o account_n worthy_a the_o school_n wherein_o they_o be_v instruct_v neither_o be_v 〈◊〉_d at_o any_o time_n but_o that_o such_o kingdom_n as_o 〈…〉_z to_o train_z up_o their_o man_n in_o academy_n of_o virtuous_a actual_o do_v always_o keep_v then_o honour_n at_o a_o high_a 〈◊〉_d afford_v at_o all_o time_n man_n of_o absolute_a and_o complete_a carriage_n both_o for_o designment_n and_o performance_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o have_v a_o little_a before_o show_v out_o of_o livy_n that_o the_o antesignani_fw-la be_v ordinary_o take_v for_o the_o hastati_fw-la which_o be_v the_o easy_a sort_n of_o soldier_n according_a to_o the_o general_a division_n of_o a_o legion_n do_v seem_v to_o contradict_v the_o passage_n in_o this_o chapter_n sed_fw-la delectos_fw-la ex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la legionibus_fw-la fortissimos_fw-la viros_fw-la antesignanos_fw-la centuriones_n caesar_n ei_fw-la classi_fw-la attribuerat_fw-la but_o caesar_n have_v pick_v the_o valiant_a of_o the_o antesignani_fw-la out_o of_o all_o the_o legion_n put_v they_o into_o this_o fleet_n as_o centurion_n for_o the_o better_a clear_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o as_o the_o hastati_fw-la or_o first_o battle_n of_o a_o legion_n be_v general_o take_v for_o the_o antesignani_fw-la as_o stand_v before_o the_o eagle_n and_o other_o the_o chief_a ensign_n which_o be_v always_o among_o the_o principes_fw-la or_o second_v battle_n so_o every_o maniple_n have_v a_o ensign_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o troup_n the_o soldier_n that_o stand_v in_o front_n before_o the_o ensign_n be_v likewise_o call_v antesignani_fw-la and_o be_v the_o best_a soldier_n in_o the_o company_n for_o the_o centurion_n stand_v always_o in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o troup_n be_v accompany_v with_o the_o valiant_a and_o worthy_a man_n the_o rest_n fill_v up_o the_o rear_n consort_v with_o the_o lieutenant_n who_o thereupon_o be_v call_v tergiductor_a whence_o we_o may_v admire_v the_o temperature_n and_o disposition_n of_o a_o roman_a army_n be_v first_o general_o divide_v into_o three_o battle_n whereof_o the_o mean_a be_v in_o the_o vanguard_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o their_o strength_n and_o to_o spend_v the_o heat_n of_o their_o young_a blood_n in_o the_o first_o affront_n of_o a_o enemy_n the_o veterani_fw-la or_o old_a soldier_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o rearward_n to_o repair_v any_o loss_n which_o either_o force_n or_o casualty_n shall_v cast_v upon_o their_o leader_n and_o again_o to_o counterpoise_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o the_o weak_a may_v not_o alwaâ—â—s_o go_v to_o the_o wall_n their_o private_a company_n be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o best_a man_n be_v always_o in_o front_n whereby_o they_o make_v such_o a_o exquisite_a temper_n as_o keep_v every_o part_n of_o the_o army_n in_o their_o full_a strength_n chap._n xx._n upon_o the_o make_n of_o the_o bridge_n at_o ilerda_n the_o enemy_n resolve_v to_o transfer_v the_o war_n into_o celtiberia_n upon_o caesar_n make_v of_o his_o bridge_n caesar_n fortune_n sudden_o change_v the_o enemy_n fear_v the_o courage_n and_o valour_n of_o our_o cavalry_n do_v not_o so_o free_o range_v abroad_o as_o they_o have_v wont_a to_o do_v sometime_o seek_v forage_n within_o a_o small_a distance_n of_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v find_v a_o safe_a and_o easy_a retreat_n if_o occasion_n require_v sometime_o fetch_v a_o great_a compass_n about_o to_o avoid_v the_o guard_n and_o station_n of_o our_o horseman_n and_o if_o they_o have_v receive_v but_o the_o least_o check_n or_o have_v but_o descry_v the_o cavalry_n afar_o off_o they_o will_v have_v cast_v down_o their_o burden_n and_o flee_v away_o at_o last_o they_o omit_v forage_v for_o many_o day_n together_o and_o which_o be_v never_o use_v by_o any_o nation_n send_v out_o to_o seek_v it_o in_o the_o night_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n those_o of_o osca_n and_o calaguris_n osca_n be_v in_o league_n together_o calaguris_fw-la send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n with_o offer_n of_o their_o service_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o he_o shall_v please_v to_o command_v it_o within_o a_o few_o day_n the_o tarraconenses_n lacetani_n and_o ausetani_n together_o with_o the_o illurgavonenses_n which_o border_n upon_o the_o river_n ebrus_n follow_v after_o of_o all_o these_o he_o desire_v supply_n of_o corn_n and_o provision_n which_o they_o promise_v to_o furnish_v and_o according_o get_v horse_n from_o all_o quarter_n and_o bring_v grain_n into_o the_o camp_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o regiment_n of_o the_o illurgavonenses_n understand_v the_o resolution_n of_o their_o state_n leave_v the_o enemy_n and_o come_v unto_o he_o with_o their_o colour_n and_o sudden_o a_o great_a alteration_n of_o thing_n appear_v the_o bridge_n be_v perfect_v five_o great_a city_n and_o state_n be_v come_v in_o unto_o he_o a_o course_n settle_v for_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o the_o rumour_n blow_v over_o of_o the_o succour_n and_o legion_n which_o pompey_n be_v say_v to_o come_v withal_o by_o the_o way_n of_o mauritania_n many_o other_o town_n far_o off_o revolt_v from_o afranius_n and_o cleave_v to_o caesar_n party_n the_o enemy_n be_v much_o affright_a and_o abash_v at_o these_o thing_n caesar_n to_o avoid_v the_o great_a circuit_n by_o which_o he_o continual_o send_v his_o horseman_n about_o by_o the_o bridge_n have_v get_v a_o convenient_a place_n resolve_v to_o make_v many_o trench_n of_o thirty_o foot_n in_o breadth_n by_o which_o he_o may_v drain_v some_o part_n of_o the_o river_n sicoris_n and_o make_v it_o passable_a by_o a_o ford_n these_o trench_n be_v almost_o make_v afâ—anius_n and_o petreius_n do_v thereupon_o conceive_v a_o great_a fear_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o altogether_o from_o victual_n and_o forage_v forasmuch_o as_o caesar_n be_v very_o strong_a in_o horse_n and_o therefore_o they_o determine_v to_o leave_v that_o place_n and_o transfer_v the_o war_n into_o celtiberia_n be_v the_o rather_o thereunto_o induce_v for_o that_o of_o those_o two_o contrary_a faction_n which_o in_o the_o former_a war_n have_v stand_v for_o l._n sertorius_n such_o city_n as_o be_v subdue_v by_o pompey_n do_v yet_o stand_v in_o awe_n of_o his_o name_n and_o authority_n and_o such_o as_o from_o the_o beginning_n have_v continue_v firm_a unto_o he_o do_v entire_o love_v he_o for_o the_o great_a benefit_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o among_o who_o caesar_n name_n be_v not_o know_v there_o they_o expect_v great_a succour_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o to_o keep_v the_o war_n on_o foot_n until_o winter_n this_o advice_n be_v agree_v upon_o they_o give_v order_n to_o take_v up_o all_o the_o boat_n that_o be_v on_o the_o river_n iberus_n octogesa_n and_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o octogesa_n a_o town_n site_v upon_o iberus_n twenty_o mile_n from_o the_o camp_n there_o they_o command_v a_o bridge_n of_o boat_n to_o be_v make_v and_o transport_v two_o legion_n over_o sicoris_n fortify_v their_o camp_n with_o a_o rampire_n of_o twelve_o foot_n
afranius_n in_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o few_o day_n triumph_v of_o caesar_n overthrow_n and_o flee_v away_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o power_n whence_o we_o may_v note_v the_o advantage_n come_v to_o a_o party_n when_o they_o shake_v off_o any_o eminent_a distress_n for_o as_o the_o extremity_n thereof_o threaten_v ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o the_o alteration_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o opinion_n of_o victory_n and_o sure_o such_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o misery_n that_o when_o the_o storm_n be_v over_o and_o the_o bitterness_n of_o the_o affliction_n alaid_z good_a time_n come_v redouble_v upon_o the_o patient_n as_o though_o the_o vicissitude_n of_o thing_n do_v enforce_v contrary_a effect_n and_o therefore_o a_o commander_n know_v the_o advantage_n of_o such_o a_o opportunity_n must_v endeavour_v to_o improve_v the_o same_o as_o may_v best_o serve_v to_o a_o speedy_a end_n chap._n xxi_o the_o enemy_n set_v forward_o and_o be_v stay_v by_o caesar_n the_o enemy_n thereupon_o think_v it_o expedient_a for_o he_o to_o make_v the_o more_o haste_n caesar_n and_o therefore_o leave_v two_o auxiliary_a cohort_n for_o the_o safe_a keep_n of_o ilerda_n he_o transport_v all_o his_o force_n over_o the_o river_n sicoris_n and_o encamp_v himself_o with_o the_o two_o legion_n which_o former_o he_o have_v carry_v over_o there_o remain_v nothing_o for_o caesar_n to_o do_v but_o with_o his_o cavalry_n to_o impeach_v and_o trouble_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o march_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a compass_n about_o to_o go_v by_o the_o bridge_n whereby_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o enemy_n will_v get_v to_o iberus_n a_o far_o near_a way_n he_o pass_v over_o his_o horseman_n by_o the_o ford_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n as_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n have_v raise_v their_o camp_n upon_o a_o sudden_a the_o cavalry_n show_v themselves_o in_o the_o rear_n &_o swarm_v about_o they_o in_o great_a multitude_n begin_v to_o stay_v and_o hinder_v their_o passage_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v daylight_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n where_o caesar_n lie_v encamp_v it_o be_v perceive_v how_o the_o rearward_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v hard_o lay_v to_o by_o our_o cavalry_n and_o how_o sometime_o they_o turn_v head_n again_o and_o be_v nevertheless_o break_v and_o rout_v sometime_o their_o ensign_n stand_v sudden_o still_o and_o all_o their_o foot_n troop_n charge_v our_o horse_n and_o force_v they_o to_o give_v way_n and_o then_o turn_v back_o go_v on_o their_o way_n again_o the_o soldier_n walk_v up_o and_o down_o the_o camp_n be_v grieve_v that_o the_o enemy_n shall_v so_o escape_v their_o hand_n whereby_o the_o matter_n will_v consequent_o be_v spin_v out_o into_o a_o long_a war_n and_o go_v unto_o the_o centurion_n and_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n pray_v they_o to_o beseech_v caesar_n not_o to_o spare_v they_o for_o any_o danger_n or_o labour_n for_o they_o be_v ready_a and_o willing_a to_o pass_v the_o river_n where_o the_o horse_n go_v over_o caesar_n move_v through_o their_o desire_n and_o importunity_n albeit_o he_o fear_v to_o expose_v his_o army_n to_o a_o river_n of_o that_o greatness_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o put_v it_o to_o trial_n and_o therefore_o command_v that_o the_o weak_a soldier_n of_o all_o the_o century_n shall_v be_v take_v out_o who_o courage_n or_o strength_n show_v a_o disabilitie_n to_o undertake_v that_o service_n and_o these_o he_o leave_v in_o the_o camp_n with_o one_o legion_n to_o defend_v the_o same_o bring_v out_o the_o other_o legion_n without_o carriage_n or_o burden_n and_o have_v set_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o cattle_n both_o above_o and_o below_o in_o the_o river_n he_o transport_v his_o army_n over_o some_o few_o of_o the_o soldier_n be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o stream_n be_v succour_v and_o take_v up_o by_o the_o horseman_n insomuch_o as_o not_o one_o man_n perish_v the_o army_n carry_v thus_o over_o in_o safety_n he_o range_v they_o in_o order_n and_o march_v forward_o with_o a_o threefold_a battle_n such_o be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o albeit_o they_o have_v set_v a_o circuit_n of_o six_o mile_n to_o the_o ford_n afternoon_n and_o have_v spend_v much_o time_n in_o pass_v the_o river_n yet_o by_o the_o nine_o hour_n they_o do_v overtake_v the_o enemy_n that_o rise_v about_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n assoon_o as_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n have_v discover_v the_o legion_n afar_o off_o be_v terrify_v with_o the_o novelty_n of_o that_o pursuit_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o upper_a ground_n and_o there_o imbattel_v their_o troop_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n refresh_v his_o army_n in_o the_o field_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v they_o be_v weary_a to_o give_v battle_n and_o as_o the_o enemy_n try_v again_o to_o go_v on_o in_o their_o march_n he_o follow_v after_o and_o stay_v they_o whereby_o they_o be_v force_v to_o incamp_v soon_o then_o be_v purpose_v for_o there_o be_v hill_n a_o little_a before_o they_o and_o for_o five_o mile_n together_o the_o passage_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o narrow_a by_o which_o mean_n be_v advance_v between_o the_o hill_n they_o hope_v to_o be_v free_a from_o caesar_n cavalry_n and_o by_o keep_v the_o passage_n to_o hinder_v the_o army_n from_o follow_v after_o to_o the_o end_n they_o themselves_o may_v without_o peril_n or_o fear_n put_v their_o force_n over_o the_o river_n iberus_n which_o by_o all_o mean_n be_v to_o be_v effect_v nevertheless_o be_v weary_v with_o travail_v and_o fight_v all_o day_n they_o put_v off_o the_o business_n to_o the_o next_o morning_n caesar_n also_o encamp_v himself_o on_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o about_o midnight_n some_o of_o their_o party_n be_v go_v out_o from_o the_o camp_n somewhat_o far_o off_o to_o fetch_v water_n be_v take_v by_o the_o horseman_n by_o they_o caesar_n be_v advertise_v that_o the_o enemy_n with_o silence_n begin_v to_o remove_v and_o to_o lead_v their_o troop_n out_o of_o their_o camp_n whereupon_o he_o command_v the_o sign_n of_o rise_v to_o be_v give_v conclamari_fw-la and_o the_o cry_n dislodging_n and_o truss_v up_o their_o baggage_n to_o be_v take_v up_o according_a to_o the_o discipline_n and_o use_n of_o soldier_n the_o enemy_n hear_v the_o cry_n fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v impeach_v in_o the_o night_n and_o force_v to_o fight_v with_o their_o burden_n on_o their_o back_n or_o to_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o those_o straight_a passage_n by_o caesar_n horseman_n stay_v their_o journey_n and_o keep_v their_o force_n within_o their_o camp_n observation_n this_o passage_n over_o sicoris_n fustinendun_v be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n loire_n in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n vado_fw-la per_fw-la equites_fw-la invento_fw-la pro_fw-la rei_fw-la necessitate_v opportuno_fw-it ut_fw-la brachia_n modo_fw-la atque_fw-la humeri_fw-la ad_fw-la sustinenda_fw-la arma_fw-la liberi_fw-la ab_fw-la aqua_fw-la esse_fw-la possent_fw-la disposito_fw-la equitatu_fw-la qui_fw-la vim_o fluminis_fw-la frangerent_fw-la incolumem_fw-la exercitum_fw-la transduxit_fw-la the_o horseman_n have_v find_v a_o ford_n indifferent_a convenient_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o necessity_n they_o be_v put_v to_o livy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o soldiery_n may_v have_v their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n at_o liberty_n aquae_fw-la and_o not_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o water_n from_o carry_v their_o weapon_n he_o so_o dispose_v his_o horse_n that_o he_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n with_o they_o and_o so_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o in_o safety_n the_o horse_n that_o stand_v above_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n and_o those_o that_o be_v below_o take_v up_o such_o as_o be_v overcome_v with_o the_o stream_n 4._o and_o withal_o give_v courage_n to_o the_o soldier_n to_o venture_v with_o better_a assurance_n see_v the_o passage_n empale_v in_o on_o each_o side_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o miscarry_v alexander_n his_o attempt_n upon_o sicoris_n to_o abate_v the_o swell_a pride_n of_o that_o river_n by_o divide_v it_o into_o many_o stream_n be_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d cyrus_n who_o take_v displeasure_n at_o the_o river_n cyndes_n next_o unto_o euphrates_n the_o great_a river_n of_o assâ—ria_n draw_v it_o into_o three_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o channel_n croesus_n not_o find_v the_o river_n halis_n passable_a by_o a_o ford_n just_a and_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o make_v a_o bridge_n sink_v a_o great_a trench_n behind_o the_o camp_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o river_n and_o so_o draw_v all_o the_o water_n behind_o his_o army_n vegetius_n have_v a_o particular_a discourse_n of_o pass_v a_o army_n over_o a_o river_n 7_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o bridge_n or_o boat_n or_o by_o wade_v or_o swim_v
or_o any_o other_o way_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n chap._n xxii_o asranius_n seek_v to_o take_v the_o straits_n between_o certain_a mountain_n but_o be_v prevent_v by_o caesar_n the_o next_o day_n follow_v petreius_n go_v out_o secret_o with_o a_o few_o horse_n to_o discover_v the_o country_n and_o for_o the_o samepurpose_o some_o go_v likewise_o out_o of_o caesar_n camp_n l._n decidius_n saxa_n be_v send_v with_o a_o small_a troup_n to_o view_v the_o site_n of_o the_o place_n and_o either_o party_n return_v with_o the_o same_o report_n that_o for_o 〈…〉_z five_o mile_n the_o way_n be_v open_a and_o champain_n and_o afterward_o very_o rough_a and_o mountainous_a and_o whosoever_o first_o take_v those_o straight_o may_v easy_o impeach_v the_o enemy_n from_o go_v further_o the_o matter_n be_v dispute_v in_o the_o council_n of_o war_n by_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n the_o time_n of_o their_o set_n forward_o be_v debate_v 4._o most_o of_o they_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o take_v their_o journey_n in_o the_o night_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o may_v come_v to_o those_o straits_n before_o it_o be_v perceive_v other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o steal_v out_o in_o the_o night_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o cry_n of_o rise_v take_v up_o the_o night_n before_o in_o caesar_n camp_n upon_o their_o remove_n and_o caesar_n horseman_n do_v so_o range_v abroad_o in_o the_o night_n that_o all_o place_n and_o passage_n be_v keep_v and_o shut_v up_o neither_o be_v they_o to_o give_v occasion_n of_o night_n fight_v but_o to_o avoid_v the_o same_o by_o all_o the_o mean_n they_o can_v forasmuch_o as_o in_o civil_a dissension_n the_o ordinary_a soldier_n will_v rather_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v over_o master_v by_o fear_n then_o continue_v firm_a in_o the_o allegiance_n which_o he_o have_v swear_v unto_o whereas_o in_o the_o day_n time_n every_o man_n have_v shame_n and_o dishonour_n before_o his_o eye_n together_o with_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o centurion_n and_o tribune_n with_o which_o respect_v a_o soldier_n be_v restrain_v and_o keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o duty_n and_o therefore_o the_o attempt_n be_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o although_o it_o â—ell_v out_o to_o some_o loss_n yet_o nevertheless_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n may_v pass_v in_o safety_n and_o possess_v that_o place_n which_o they_o seek_v for_o this_o opinion_n prevail_v in_o their_o consultation_n they_o determine_v by_o break_n of_o day_n the_o next_o mornning_n to_o set_v forward_o caesar_n have_v diligent_o view_v the_o country_n as_o soon_o as_o day_n begin_v to_o appear_v draw_v all_o his_o force_n out_o of_o his_o camp_n and_o march_v forward_o in_o a_o great_a circuit_n miâ—aces_fw-la keep_v no_o direct_a way_n for_o the_o way_n which_o lead_v to_o iberus_n and_o octogesa_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o enemy_n camp_n insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v over_o great_a and_o difficult_a valley_n and_o in_o many_o place_n break_a rock_n and_o stone_n do_v so_o hinder_v they_o that_o they_o be_v necessary_o force_v to_o give_v their_o weapon_n from_o hand_n to_o hand_n the_o soldier_n lift_v up_o one_o another_o and_o so_o they_o pass_v most_o part_n of_o the_o way_n howsoever_o â—_o no_o man_n think_v much_o of_o the_o labour_n for_o that_o they_o hope_v to_o give_v a_o end_n to_o all_o their_o travel_n if_o they_o can_v keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n iâ—erus_n and_o cut_v off_o his_o cheval_n at_o the_o first_o afranius_n soldier_n run_v joyful_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n to_o see_v the_o army_n cast_v out_o word_n of_o derision_n and_o reproach_n that_o for_o want_v of_o victual_n they_o flee_v and_o return_v to_o ilerda_n for_o the_o way_n they_o hold_v be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o they_o intend_v whereby_o they_o seem_v to_o go_v back_o again_o and_o the_o commander_n themselves_o do_v much_o approve_v their_o own_o counsel_n that_o they_o have_v keep_v their_o troop_n within_o the_o camp_n for_o that_o which_o confirm_v they_o in_o their_o opinion_n be_v that_o they_o perceive_v they_o be_v come_v out_o without_o their_o carriage_n whereby_o they_o hope_v necessity_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v long_o there_o but_o when_o they_o see_v the_o troop_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o wind_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o that_o they_o perceive_v how_o those_o that_o be_v in_o front_n have_v fall_v backward_o beyond_o their_o camp_n there_o be_v no_o man_n so_o dull_a but_o think_v it_o expedient_a present_o to_o march_v out_o and_o make_v head_n against_o they_o whereupon_o they_o cry_v to_o arm_n and_o all_o their_o force_n except_v some_o few_o cohort_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o keep_v the_o camp_n go_v out_o and_o march_v direct_o towards_o iberus_n the_o whole_a business_n consist_v in_o speed_n and_o celerity_n which_o of_o the_o two_o shall_v first_o take_v the_o straits_n and_o possess_v the_o hill_n caesar_n army_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o way_n and_o afranius_n party_n be_v retard_v by_o caesar_n cavalry_n the_o matter_n be_v come_v to_o that_o upshot_n that_o if_o afranius_n party_n do_v first_o get_v the_o hill_n they_o may_v haply_o quâ—â—_n themselves_o of_o danger_n but_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o the_o cohort_n leave_v in_o the_o camp_n can_v not_o be_v save_v for_o be_v intercept_v and_o seclude_v by_o caesar_n army_n there_o be_v no_o mean_n to_o relieve_v they_o it_o 〈◊〉_d that_o caesar_n first_o attain_v the_o place_n and_o be_v come_v out_o from_o among_o those_o great_a rock_n into_o a_o plain_a champain_n put_v his_o army_n in_o order_n of_o battle_n against_o the_o enemy_n afranius_n see_v the_o enemy_n in_o front_n and_o his_o rearward_n hardly_o charge_v by_o caesar_n cavalry_n get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o small_a hill_n &_o there_o make_v his_o stand_n and_o from_o thence_o send_v four_o cohort_n bear_v round_a buckler_n unto_o a_o mountain_n which_o in_o all_o man_n sight_n be_v high_a than_o the_o rest_n command_v they_o to_o run_v as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v and_o possess_v that_o hill_n intend_v to_o follow_v after_o with_o all_o his_o force_n and_o alter_v his_o course_n to_o get_v along_o the_o ridge_n and_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n to_o octogesa_n as_o the_o cohort_n be_v advance_v forward_o by_o a_o oblique_a circuit_n caesar_n cavalry_n perceive_v their_o intendment_n set_v upon_o they_o with_o such_o violence_n that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a any_o time_n to_o bear_v their_o charge_n but_o be_v surround_v by_o they_o and_o all_o cut_n in_o piece_n in_o the_o fight_n of_o both_o army_n the_o first_o observation_n 〈◊〉_d petreius_n and_o afranius_n in_o their_o council_n of_o war_n resolve_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o shun_v night_n encounter_n as_o a_o thing_n full_a of_o hazard_n and_o uncertainty_n and_o apt_a for_o looseness_n and_o disobedience_n for_o the_o night_n be_v neither_o a_o discoverer_n of_o error_n nor_o yet_o a_o distinguisher_n either_o of_o action_n or_o person_n but_o wrap_v up_o both_o the_o virtuous_a and_o the_o faulty_a in_o her_o mantle_n of_o obscurity_n do_v not_o admit_v of_o direction_n to_o follow_v a_o opportunity_n or_o to_o help_v a_o mistake_n but_o rather_o give_v way_n to_o impunity_n and_o licentious_a confusion_n leave_v no_o hope_n of_o what_o be_v wish_v flagitium_fw-la whereas_o the_o light_n be_v a_o witness_n of_o every_o man_n demeanour_n and_o have_v both_o honour_n and_o rebuke_v to_o make_v duty_n respect_v for_o which_o cause_n 〈…〉_z curio_n as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o commentary_n in_o his_o harangue_n before_o that_o untimely_a expedition_n against_o king_n juba_n thus_o reject_v their_o advice_n that_o will_v have_v have_v he_o set_v forward_o in_o the_o night_n at_o etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la media_fw-la nocte_fw-la proficiscamur_fw-la addunt_fw-la quo_fw-la majorem_fw-la credo_fw-la licentiam_fw-la habeant_fw-la qui_fw-la peccare_fw-la conantur_fw-la namque_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la res_fw-la aut_fw-la pudore_fw-la aut_fw-la metu_fw-la tenentur_fw-la quibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la nox_fw-la maxim_n adversaria_fw-la est_fw-la further_o than_o this_o they_o advise_v we_o to_o set_v out_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o night_n that_o so_o i_o think_v those_o man_n who_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o do_v mischief_n may_v take_v the_o great_a liberty_n for_o in_o the_o daytime_n they_o will_v be_v restrain_v either_o through_o shame_n or_o fear_n to_o both_o which_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n be_v a_o great_a adversary_n and_o that_o the_o danger_n may_v appear_v as_o well_o by_o effect_n as_o by_o discourse_n let_v the_o reader_n take_v notice_n of_o that_o battle_n by_o night_n between_o antonius_n primus_fw-la on_o the_o behalf_n of_o vespasian_n and_o the_o vitellian_a legion_n near_o unto_o
the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o keep_v such_o ordinance_n as_o their_o militia_n require_v until_o at_o length_n that_o the_o corruption_n of_o time_n falsify_v the_o simplicity_n and_o truth_n of_o word_n do_v enforce_v they_o to_o give_v a_o potest_fw-la oath_n as_o the_o sure_a bond_n of_o faith_n and_o obedience_n as_o be_v note_v by_o livy_n at_o large_a 22._o the_o soldier_n say_v he_o which_o be_v never_o before_o that_o time_n practise_v be_v swear_v by_o the_o tribune_n to_o appear_v upon_o summons_n from_o the_o consul_n and_o not_o to_o depart_v without_o leave_n for_o until_o then_o there_o be_v nothing_o require_v of_o they_o but_o a_o solemn_a promise_n which_o the_o horseman_n make_v by_o their_o decury_n and_o the_o foot_n troop_n by_o their_o century_n not_o to_o leave_v their_o colour_n by_o flight_n or_o through_o fear_n not_o to_o forsake_v their_o rank_n unless_o it_o be_v either_o to_o assault_v a_o enemy_n to_o take_v up_o a_o offensive_a weapon_n or_o to_o save_v a_o citizen_n which_o be_v at_o first_o but_o the_o offer_n of_o a_o free_a mind_n be_v now_o by_o the_o tribune_n require_v by_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o form_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v diverse_o vary_v as_o appear_v by_o aul._n gel._n 4._o and_o more_o special_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n for_o caligula_n make_v this_o addition_n to_o the_o soldier_n oath_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v neither_o their_o life_n nor_o their_o child_n dear_a unto_o they_o then_o the_o emperor_n caiâ—s_v and_o his_o sister_n concern_v the_o respect_n have_v of_o this_o military_a oath_n that_o which_o tully_n report_v of_o cato_n be_v of_o excellent_a note_n popilius_n popilius_n have_v charge_n of_o the_o province_n of_o macedonia_n have_v among_o other_o roman_a youth_n cato_n son_n a_o young_a soldier_n in_o his_o army_n and_o be_v occasion_v to_o dismiss_v a_o legion_n discharge_v likewise_o young_a cato_n be_v one_o of_o that_o legion_n but_o he_o desirous_a to_o bear_v arm_n in_o that_o war_n continue_v still_o in_o the_o army_n whereupon_o cato_n write_v from_o rome_n to_o popilius_n require_v he_o that_o if_o he_o suffer_v his_o son_n to_o remain_v in_o that_o war_n he_o will_v by_o any_o mean_n swear_v he_o again_o for_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o first_o oath_n he_o can_v not_o lawful_o fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n ever_o since_o constantine_n the_o great_a the_o soldier_n be_v swear_v by_o a_o christian_a oath_n 5._o as_o vegetius_n note_v to_o obey_v all_o thing_n the_o emperor_n shall_v command_v they_o not_o to_o leave_v their_o warfare_n without_o licence_n not_o to_o shun_v death_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a weal._n and_o at_o this_o day_n among_o other_o nation_n a_o oath_n be_v give_v to_o the_o soldier_n upon_o his_o inrollment_n to_o this_o effect_n well_o and_o lawful_o to_o serve_v the_o king_n towards_o all_o man_n and_o against_o all_o without_o exception_n of_o person_n and_o if_o they_o know_v any_o thing_n concern_v his_o service_n to_o reveal_v the_o same_o incontinent_o not_o to_o leave_v their_o colour_n without_o leave_n either_o of_o the_o general_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n the_o ancient_a roman_n do_v charge_v their_o solemn_a and_o public_a oath_n with_o many_o ceremony_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o form_n which_o be_v use_v in_o ratify_a treaty_n and_o transaction_n their_o herald_n kill_v a_o hog_n and_o cry_v out_o withal_o that_o the_o like_a will_v happen_v to_o he_o that_o first_o falsify_v his_o faith_n polybius_n report_v histor_n that_o he_o that_o read_v the_o oath_n whereby_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n swear_v their_o accord_n have_v the_o hair_n of_o his_o head_n tiedup_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n the_o party_n invocate_a their_o jupiter_n to_o grant_v all_o prosperity_n to_o he_o that_o without_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n do_v enter_v into_o that_o agreement_n but_o if_o say_v he_o that_o take_v the_o oath_n i_o shall_v either_o do_v or_o purpose_n otherwise_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v safe_a and_o sound_a let_v i_o alone_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o law_n and_o justice_n of_o my_o country_n in_o my_o own_o habitation_n and_o dwelling_n and_o within_o my_o proper_a temple_n and_o sepulcher_n perish_v most_o unfortunate_o even_o as_o this_o stone_n fly_v out_o of_o my_o hand_n and_o as_o he_o speak_v those_o word_n he_o cast_v away_o a_o stone_n i_o do_v not_o â—ind_v the_o use_n of_o a_o military_a oath_n in_o our_o nation_n howbeit_o the_o common_a form_n of_o our_o oath_n be_v as_o ceremonious_a and_o significative_a as_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o 3_o part_n it_o contain_v as_o i_o have_v see_v they_o allegorize_v in_o some_o antiquity_n for_o first_o the_o book_n be_v always_o a_o part_n of_o holy_a writ_n imply_v a_o renunciation_n of_o all_o the_o promise_n therein_o contain_v second_o the_o touch_v it_o with_o our_o hand_n infer_v the_o like_a defiance_n of_o our_o work_n never_o to_o be_v successful_a or_o help_a unto_o we_o three_o the_o kiss_n of_o the_o book_n import_v a_o vain_a mispending_a of_o our_o vow_n &_o prayer_n if_o we_o falsify_v any_o thing_n thereby_o aver_v chap._n xxv_o the_o endeavour_n which_o asranius_n use_v to_o return_v to_o ilerda_n but_o fail_v in_o his_o design_n fhe_o matter_n be_v in_o this_o extremity_n caesar_n of_o two_o mean_n which_o be_v leave_v unto_o they_o it_o be_v think_v the_o ready_a and_o more_o expedient_a to_o return_v to_o ilerda_n for_o have_v leave_v there_o behind_o they_o a_o little_a corn_n they_o hope_v to_o take_v some_o good_a course_n for_o the_o sequel_n tarraco_n be_v further_o off_o and_o thereby_o subject_a to_o more_o casualty_n concern_v their_o passage_n in_o regard_v whereof_o they_o resolve_v of_o the_o former_a course_n and_o so_o dislodge_v themselves_o caesar_n have_v send_v his_o cavalry_n before_o to_o encumber_v and_o retard_v the_o rere-guard_n follow_v after_o himself_o with_o the_o legion_n the_o hindmost_a troop_n of_o their_o army_n be_v constrain_v without_o any_o intermission_n of_o time_n to_o fight_v with_o our_o horseman_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o fight_n be_v thus_o certain_a expedite_a cohort_n free_a of_o carriage_n march_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o their_o army_n and_o in_o open_a and_o champain_n place_n many_o of_o these_o cohort_n make_v a_o stand_n to_o confront_v our_o cavalry_n if_o they_o be_v to_o ascend_v up_o a_o hill_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n do_v easy_o repel_v the_o danger_n wherewith_o they_o be_v threaten_v forasmuch_o as_o such_o as_o go_v before_o may_v easy_o from_o the_o high_a ground_n protect_v they_o that_o follow_v after_o but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o a_o valley_n or_o descent_n that_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o former_a rank_n can_v not_o help_v they_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o horseman_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n do_v cast_v their_o weapon_n with_o great_a ease_n and_o facility_n upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o then_o continual_o they_o be_v in_o great_a hazard_n &_o danger_n and_o still_o as_o they_o approach_v near_o unto_o such_o place_n they_o call_v to_o the_o legion_n and_o will_v they_o to_o make_v a_o stand_n with_o their_o ensign_n and_o so_o by_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n repel_v our_o cavalry_n who_o be_v retire_v back_o they_o will_v sudden_o take_v a_o run_a and_o get_v all_o down_o into_o the_o valley_n and_o present_o again_o be_v to_o ascend_v into_o high_a ground_n they_o will_v there_o make_v a_o stand_n for_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v help_n of_o their_o own_o cavalry_n whereof_o they_o have_v a_o great_a number_n that_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o take_v they_o between_o their_o troop_n be_v much_o affright_v with_o former_a encounter_n and_o so_o to_o shelter_v and_o protect_v they_o of_o who_o if_o any_o chance_v upon_o occasion_n to_o stray_v aside_o out_o of_o the_o rout_n the_o army_n hold_v they_o be_v present_o attach_v by_o caesar_n horseman_n the_o fight_n continue_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o proceed_v slow_o on_o their_o way_n advancing_z forward_z but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o oftentimes_o stand_v still_o to_o succour_v and_o relieve_v their_o party_n as_o thâ—â—_n it_o fall_v out_o for_o have_v go_v but_o four_o mile_n on_o their_o way_n be_v very_o hardly_o lay_v to_o and_o much_o press_v by_o our_o cavalry_n they_o take_v to_o a_o exceed_o high_a hill_n and_o there_o put_v themselves_o into_o one_o front_n of_o a_o battle_n fortify_v their_o camp_n keep_v their_o carriage_n lade_v upon_o their_o horse_n assoon_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o caesar_n camp_n be_v set_v and_o that_o the_o tenâ—s_n be_v up_o and_o their_o horse_n put_v to_o grass_n they_o rise_v sudden_o about_o midday_n upon_o hope_n of_o some_o respite_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o horse_n put_v
out_o to_o feed_v and_o go_v on_o their_o journey_n which_o caesar_n perceive_v rose_n and_o follow_v after_o leave_v a_o few_o cohort_n to_o keep_v the_o carriage_n and_o about_o the_o ten_o hour_n command_v the_o forager_n and_o horseman_n to_o be_v call_v back_o &_o to_o follow_v after_o instant_o the_o cavalry_n return_v and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o accustom_a charge_n the_o fight_n be_v very_o sharp_a in_o the_o rear_n insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o turn_v their_o back_n mâ—ny_o soldier_n and_o some_o of_o the_o centurion_n be_v slay_v caesar_n troop_n press_v hard_o upon_o they_o and_o threaten_v the_o overthrow_n of_o their_o whole_a army_n insomuch_o as_o they_o have_v neither_o mean_n to_o choose_v a_o fit_a place_n to_o incamp_v in_o nor_o to_o proceed_v forward_o in_o their_o march_n whereby_o they_o be_v necessary_o enforce_v to_o make_v a_o stand_n and_o to_o pâ—â—h_v their_o camp_n far_o from_o any_o water_n in_o a_o unequal_a and_o disadvantageous_a place_n but_o caesar_n forbear_v to_o meddle_v with_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o have_v be_v former_o declare_v and_o for_o that_o day_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o soldier_n to_o set_v up_o their_o tent_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o ready_a to_o follow_v after_o at_o what_o time_n soever_o by_o night_n or_o by_o day_n they_o shall_v offer_v to_o break_v away_o the_o enemy_n have_v observe_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o camp_n employ_v all_o that_o night_n in_o advance_v their_o work_n and_o in_o cast_v their_o camp_n with_o a_o opposite_a front_n to_o our_o army_n the_o like_a they_o do_v all_o the_o next_o day_n but_o so_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o by_o how_o much_o their_o camp_n be_v bring_v far_o on_o and_o the_o fortification_n grow_v near_a to_o finish_v by_o so_o much_o far_o off_o they_o be_v from_o water_n and_o so_o remedy_v one_o evil_a with_o a_o worse_a mischief_n the_o first_o night_n none_o of_o they_o go_v out_o of_o their_o camp_n to_o fetch_v water_n and_o the_o next_o day_n they_o lead_v out_o all_o their_o troop_n together_o to_o water_n but_o send_v no_o man_n out_o to_o forage_v whereby_o caesar_n find_v they_o oppress_v with_o many_o inconvenience_n choose_v rather_o to_o force_v they_o to_o a_o composition_n then_o to_o fight_v with_o they_o the_o observation_n in_o this_o troublesome_a and_o confuse_a retreat_n which_o these_o commander_n undertake_v to_o regain_v the_o advantage_n that_o former_o they_o have_v quit_v at_o ilerda_n we_o may_v observe_v the_o difficulty_n attend_v a_o weak_a party_n when_o they_o will_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o strong_a confront_v enemy_n for_o the_o frailty_n of_o humane_a fortune_n be_v always_o so_o yoke_v with_o encumbrance_n and_o have_v so_o many_o let_v from_o the_o native_a weakness_n of_o its_o own_o endeavour_n that_o if_o the_o opposition_n of_o foreign_a malice_n shall_v therewithal_o unhappy_o concur_v to_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o our_o desire_n there_o be_v little_a hope_n of_o better_a success_n then_o that_o which_o the_o ordinary_a condition_n of_o extremity_n do_v afford_v which_o be_v to_o hazard_v the_o peril_n of_o a_o wound_n in_o seek_v to_o avoid_v the_o smart_n of_o a_o rod_n charybdim_n and_o to_o fall_v into_o scylla_n upon_o a_o desire_n we_o have_v to_o shun_v charybdis_n according_a as_o it_o befall_v this_o party_n wherein_o let_v we_o far_o note_v the_o advantage_n which_o a_o commander_n have_v either_o to_o take_v or_o leave_v when_o he_o be_v able_a to_o overmaster_v the_o enemy_n in_o cavalry_n for_o the_o horseman_n serve_v a_o army_n royal_a by_o make_v discovery_n by_o forage_v by_o give_v rescue_n upon_o a_o sudden_a by_o do_v execution_n and_o retard_v a_o enemy_n in_o his_o march_n if_o overawe_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o can_v perform_v these_o service_n as_o be_v requisite_a the_o contrary_a party_n be_v the_o strong_a by_o so_o many_o advantage_n chap._n xxvi_o caesar_n go_v about_o to_o enclose_v the_o enemy_n and_o he_o to_o hinder_v caesar_n howbeit_o caesar_n labour_v to_o enclose_v they_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n câ—sar_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v with_o better_a ease_n hinder_v their_o sudden_a sally_n and_o eruption_n to_o which_o he_o think_v the_o enemy_n will_v necessary_o betake_v themselves_o the_o enemy_n be_v streighten_v for_o want_n of_o forage_n and_o to_o the_o end_n also_o they_o may_v be_v the_o ready_a to_o escape_v away_o cause_v all_o their_o horse_n of_o carriage_n to_o be_v kill_v and_o in_o these_o work_n and_o consultation_n be_v two_o day_n spend_v the_o three_o day_n a_o great_a part_n of_o caesar_n work_n be_v already_o perfect_v the_o enemy_n to_o hinder_v the_o business_n intend_v concern_v the_o fortification_n about_o two_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n make_v the_o alarm_n dâ—to_fw-la bring_v out_o the_o legion_n and_o imbattel_v themselves_o under_o their_o camp_n caesar_n call_v back_o the_o legion_n from_o their_o work_n and_o command_v all_o his_o horse_n to_o troup_n together_o put_v his_o army_n in_o battle_n for_o have_v make_v such_o a_o show_n of_o unwillingness_n to_o buckle_v with_o the_o enemy_n against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o opinion_n of_o all_o man_n he_o find_v himself_o subject_a thereupon_o to_o much_o inconvenience_n bellum_fw-la howbeit_o he_o be_v resolve_v for_o the_o reason_n already_o specify_v not_o to_o strike_v a_o battle_n and_o the_o rather_o at_o this_o time_n for_o that_o the_o space_n between_o his_o camp_n and_o the_o enemy_n be_v so_o little_a that_o if_o he_o have_v put_v they_o to_o flight_n it_o can_v not_o have_v much_o avail_v he_o for_o the_o gain_n of_o a_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a victory_n for_o their_o camp_n be_v not_o above_o two_o thousand_o foot_n asunder_o hostem_fw-la whereof_o the_o army_n take_v up_o two_o part_n and_o the_o three_o be_v leave_v for_o incursion_n and_o assault_n so_o that_o if_o he_o have_v give_v battle_n in_o that_o nearness_n of_o the_o camp_n they_o will_v have_v find_v a_o speedy_a retreat_n upon_o their_o overthrow_n 4_o for_o which_o cause_n he_o resolve_v to_o stand_v upon_o his_o defence_n and_o not_o to_o give_v the_o onset_n and_o charge_v they_o first_o afranius_n have_v put_v his_o army_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n the_o first_o consist_v of_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o auxiliary_a cohort_n which_o usual_o serve_v in_o the_o wing_n be_v now_o place_v for_o succour_n and_o make_v the_o second_o battle_n casar_n army_n be_v order_v in_o a_o triple_a battle_n the_o first_o be_v of_o four_o cohort_n a_o piece_n of_o the_o five_o legion_n the_o second_o of_o three_o and_o the_o three_o again_o of_o three_o of_o each_o legion_n follow_v in_o order_n the_o archer_n and_o slinger_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o the_o cavalry_n on_o the_o side_n be_v thus_o both_o imbattel_v they_o seem_v to_o obtain_v their_o several_a end_n caesar_n not_o to_o fight_v unless_o he_o be_v force_v to_o it_o and_o the_o enemy_n to_o hinder_v caesar_n fortification_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n they_o stand_v imbattel_v until_o sun-seting_a and_o then_o return_v both_o into_o their_o camp_n the_o first_o observation_n contra_fw-la opinionem_fw-la enim_fw-la militum_fw-la famamque_fw-la omnium_fw-la videri_fw-la praelio_fw-la diffugisse_fw-la magnum_fw-la detrimentum_fw-la afferebat_fw-la have_v make_v a_o show_n of_o unwillingness_n to_o buckle_v with_o the_o enemy_n against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o man_n he_o find_v himself_o subject_a to_o much_o inconvenience_n say_v the_o history_n whence_o we_o may_v observe_v two_o point_n first_o that_o a_o commander_n in_o strike_v a_o field_n must_v partly_o be_v direct_v by_o his_o army_n for_o he_o may_v neither_o fight_v against_o the_o like_n of_o the_o soldier_n nor_o withhold_v they_o from_o fight_v when_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o embrace_v it_o if_o other_o circumstance_n do_v indifferent_o concur_v therewithal_o hound_n for_o when_o man_n be_v command_v to_o do_v what_o they_o will_v do_v the_o matter_n be_v thorough_o undertake_v and_o the_o issue_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o readiness_n of_o their_o desire_n but_o be_v restrain_v in_o their_o affection_n and_o put_v beside_o their_o aptness_n of_o their_o voluntary_a disposition_n there_o grow_v such_o a_o contrariety_n between_o the_o general_n order_n and_o the_o soldier_n obedience_n as_o will_v hardly_o sympathize_v to_o beget_v good_a fortune_n and_o if_o a_o leader_n of_o that_o same_o and_o opinion_n and_o so_o well_o know_v to_o his_o army_n as_o caesar_n be_v grow_v into_o distaste_n with_o his_o soldier_n upon_o so_o good_a cause_n which_o he_o have_v to_o shun_v a_o battle_n what_o hazard_n that_o commander_n run_v into_o who_o seldom_o or_o never_o
give_v argument_n of_o his_o resolution_n in_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v conceive_v by_o this_o passage_n the_o second_o thing_n which_o i_o note_v be_v that_o a_o general_n must_v learn_v especial_o to_o disguise_v his_o intendment_n by_o make_v show_n of_o that_o which_o he_o mean_v not_o for_o albeit_o the_o more_o judicious_a sort_n of_o man_n be_v not_o so_o well_o satisfy_v with_o pretence_n as_o with_o deed_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o tacit._n condition_n of_o prince_n contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o private_a person_n require_v such_o a_o direction_n of_o business_n as_o may_v rather_o suit_v with_o fame_n and_o opinion_n then_o with_o particular_a end_n it_o behove_v they_o to_o use_v such_o gloss_n as_o may_v take_v away_o all_o petulant_a and_o sinister_a interpretation_n howsoever_o their_o course_n may_v aim_v at_o other_o purpose_n and_o certain_o penetrabilis_fw-la the_o generality_n of_o people_n be_v better_o pay_v with_o appearance_n then_o with_o truth_n according_a as_o machiavelli_n have_v observe_v but_o concern_v caesar_n that_o which_o ephicrates_n say_v of_o himself_o have_v imbattel_v his_o army_n to_o fight_v that_o he_o fear_v nothing_o more_o then_o that_o his_o enemy_n know_v not_o his_o valour_n may_v more_o proper_o be_v say_v here_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o abuse_v the_o enemy_n more_o or_o make_v they_o take_v up_o so_o many_o bravado_n or_o use_v so_o much_o delay_v before_o they_o come_v to_o composition_n but_o that_o they_o know_v not_o caesar_n for_o as_o the_o eagle_n be_v able_a to_o mount_v aloft_o in_o all_o season_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n so_o be_v his_o sword_n steel_v to_o make_v way_n through_o all_o resistance_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o the_o next_o place_n imbattel_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o imbattel_v come_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o general_o in_o all_o edition_n run_v this_o acies_fw-la erat_fw-la afraniana_n duplex_fw-la legio_fw-la v._n &_o iii_o in_o subsidiis_fw-la locum_fw-la alariae_fw-la cohortis_fw-la obtinebat_fw-la caesaris_fw-la triplex_fw-la sed_fw-la primam_fw-la aciem_fw-la quaternae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la ex_fw-la v._o legione_fw-la tenebant_fw-la have_v subsidiariae_fw-la ternae_fw-la &_o rursus_fw-la aliae_fw-la totidem_fw-la suae_fw-la cujusque_fw-la legionis_fw-la subsequebantur_fw-la sagittarii_fw-la funditoresque_fw-la media_fw-la continebantur_fw-la acie_n equitatus_fw-la latera_fw-la cingebat_fw-la and_o need_v the_o help_n of_o some_o excellent_a critic_n to_o make_v it_o have_v answerable_a sense_n to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o history_n for_o first_o how_o shall_v we_o understand_v those_o word_n acies_fw-la afraniana_n duplex_fw-la legio_fw-la v._n &_o iii_o in_o subsidiis_fw-la afranius_n his_o army_n be_v in_o a_o double_a battle_n the_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o three_o for_o succour_n shall_v we_o take_v the_o meaning_n to_o be_v that_o the_o first_o legion_n stand_v in_o front_n and_o the_o other_o stand_v for_o succour_n behind_o or_o shall_v we_o take_v it_o with_o faernus_n acies_fw-la afraniana_n duplex_fw-la ex_fw-la legione_fw-la prima_fw-la &_o tertia_fw-la in_fw-la subsidiis_fw-la locum_fw-la alariae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la obtinebant_fw-la afranius_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o the_o first_o legion_n and_o the_o three_o the_o cohort_n which_o use_v to_o be_v in_o the_o wing_n be_v put_v in_o place_n of_o the_o succour_n but_o neither_o by_o the_o one_o or_o by_o the_o other_o be_v there_o find_v more_o than_o two_o legion_n whereas_o there_o be_v express_a mention_n of_o five_o beside_o the_o cohort_n of_o the_o country_n and_o therefore_o as_o not_o know_v other_o more_o probable_a i_o have_v translate_v it_o according_a to_o lipsius_n correction_n romana_fw-la and_o make_v the_o text_n thus_o acies_fw-la erat_fw-la afraniana_n duplex_fw-la legionum_fw-la quinque_fw-la &_o in_o subsidiis_fw-la locum_fw-la alariae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la obtinebant_fw-la afranius_n have_v put_v his_o army_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n the_o first_o consist_v of_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o auxiliary_a cohort_n which_o usual_o serve_v in_o the_o wing_n be_v now_o place_v for_o succour_n and_o make_v the_o second_o battle_n the_o first_o battle_n consist_v of_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o second_o of_o the_o spanish_a and_o auxiliary_a force_n the_o like_a help_n must_v be_v lend_v to_o caesar_n for_o otherwise_o the_o text_n do_v afford_v he_o but_o few_o cohort_n stand_v thus_o primam_fw-la aciem_fw-la quaternae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la ex_fw-la quinta_fw-la legione_fw-la tenebant_fw-la have_v ternae_fw-la &_o rursus_fw-la aliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o first_o battle_n be_v of_o four_o cohort_n out_o of_o the_o five_o legion_n then_o follow_v three_o and_o then_o as_o many_o other_o &c._n &c._n for_o undoubted_o caesar_n have_v five_o legion_n equal_a to_o afranius_n but_o be_v far_o inferior_a unto_o he_o in_o auxiliary_a troop_n be_v drive_v to_o a_o more_o artificial_a division_n to_o help_v his_o weakness_n in_o that_o point_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o same_o critic_n have_v mend_v it_o we_o be_v to_o read_v quaternae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la ex_fw-la quinque_fw-la legionibus_fw-la four_o cohort_n out_o of_o the_o five_o legion_n which_o bring_v forth_o this_o sense_n in_o the_o first_o battle_n be_v five_o time_n four_o cohort_n in_o the_o second_o five_o time_n three_o cohort_n and_o as_o many_o in_o the_o three_o battle_n and_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o suae_fw-la cujusque_fw-la legionis_fw-la of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o legion_n it_o appear_v that_o every_o legion_n be_v so_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n that_o it_o have_v four_o cohort_n in_o the_o first_o battle_n three_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o in_o the_o last_o concern_v the_o space_n which_o their_o army_n imbattel_v take_v up_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o whole_a distance_n between_o their_o camp_n contain_v two_o thousand_o foot_n whereof_o either_o army_n take_v up_o one_o three_o be_v 666_o foot_n or_o a_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o pase_n a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o furlong_n but_o that_o alter_a more_o or_o less_o as_o place_n and_o occasion_n require_v chap._n xxvii_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o next_o day_n caesar_n caesar_n go_v about_o to_o finish_v and_o end_v the_o fortification_n which_o he_o have_v begin_v and_o the_o enemy_n to_o try_v whether_o they_o may_v find_v a_o ford_n in_o the_o river_n sicoris_n and_o so_o get_v over_o which_o be_v perceive_v caesar_n carry_v over_o the_o light-armed_n german_n and_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o dispose_v they_o in_o guard_n along_o the_o river_n bank_n at_o length_n be_v besiege_v and_o shut_v up_o on_o all_o side_n and_o have_v keep_v their_o horse_n without_o meat_n four_o day_n together_o beside_o their_o extreme_a want_n of_o water_n wood_n and_o corn_n they_o require_v a_o parley_n and_o that_o if_o it_o may_v be_v in_o some_o place_n out_o of_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o soldier_n which_o caesar_n deny_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o public_a whereupon_o afraniâ—s_n his_o son_n be_v give_v in_o hostage_n to_o caesar_n and_o so_o they_o present_v themselves_o in_o a_o place_n of_o caesar_n appoint_v and_o in_o the_o hear_n of_o both_o the_o army_n afranius_n speak_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v offend_v neither_o with_o he_o nor_o with_o the_o soldier_n for_o be_v faithful_a and_o obedient_a to_o the_o general_n cn._n pompeius_n but_o now_o have_v make_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o their_o duty_n they_o have_v also_o thorough_o suffer_v for_o the_o same_o have_v endure_v the_o extremity_n of_o want_n in_o all_o necessary_a provision_n insomuch_o as_o now_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o as_o woman_n keep_v from_o water_n keep_v from_o go_v out_o oppress_v with_o a_o great_a weight_n of_o grief_n in_o body_n and_o of_o dishonour_n in_o their_o reputation_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v and_o therefore_o dâ—d_v confess_v themselves_o to_o be_v vanquish_v and_o overcome_v pray_v and_o beseech_v that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o mercy_n leave_v they_o may_v not_o undergo_v the_o extremity_n of_o fortune_n salutis_fw-la and_o this_o he_o deliver_v as_o humble_o and_o demissive_o as_o be_v possible_a to_o which_o caesar_n answer_v that_o these_o term_n of_o complaint_n and_o compassion_n can_v be_v use_v to_o no_o man_n more_o unproper_o than_o himself_o vita_fw-la for_o whereas_o every_o man_n else_o do_v his_o duty_n he_o only_o upon_o fit_a â—_z of_o time_n and_o place_n refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o they_o to_o the_o end_n all_o circumstance_n may_v concur_v to_o apeace_v albeit_o his_o army_n have_v suffer_v much_o wrong_n in_o the_o death_n and_o slaughter_n of_o their_o fellow_n yet_o he_o have_v keep_v and_o preserve_v such_o of_o their_o party_n as_o be_v in_o his_o power_n and_o come_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n to_o move_v apeace_n wherein_o they_o think_v they_o go_v about_o to_o procure_v the_o safety_n of_o all_o their_o fellow_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o proceed_n with_o they_o consist_v of_o clemency_n howbeit_o their_o commander_n
abhor_v the_o name_n of_o peace_n and_o have_v not_o keep_v the_o law_n either_o of_o treaty_n or_o truce_n for_o they_o have_v cause_v many_o simple_a man_n to_o be_v massacre_v and_o slay_v that_o be_v deceive_v by_o a_o show_n of_o treaty_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v befall_v they_o as_o it_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o perverse_a and_o arrogant_a person_n to_o seek_v and_o earnest_o to_o desire_v that_o which_o a_o little_a before_o they_o have_v foolish_o contemn_v neither_o will_v he_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o their_o submission_n or_o of_o any_o other_o opportunity_n of_o time_n either_o to_o augment_v his_o power_n or_o to_o strengthen_v his_o party_n but_o he_o only_o require_v that_o those_o army_n may_v be_v discharge_v which_o for_o many_o year_n together_o have_v be_v maintain_v against_o he_o for_o neither_o be_v those_o six_o legion_n for_o any_o other_o cause_n send_v into_o spain_n nor_o the_o seven_o enrol_v there_o nor_o so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a navy_n prepare_v nor_o such_o experience_a and_o skilful_a commander_n select_v and_o appoint_v for_o none_o of_o these_o need_v to_o keep_v spain_n in_o quiet_a nothing_o hereof_o be_v prepare_v for_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o province_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o long_a continuance_n of_o peace_n need_v not_o any_o such_o assistance_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v long_o ago_o provide_v in_o a_o readiness_n against_o he_o new_a form_n of_o government_n be_v make_v and_o ordain_v against_o he_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n shall_v be_v resident_a at_o the_o gate_n of_o rome_n have_v the_o whole_a superintendency_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o city_n business_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o hold_v two_o warlike_a province_n for_o so_o many_o year_n together_o be_v absent_a from_o both_o of_o they_o against_o he_o and_o for_o his_o ruin_n be_v change_v the_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n of_o magistracy_n in_o send_v man_n at_o the_o end_n of_o their_o praetorship_n or_o consulship_n to_o the_o government_n of_o province_n as_o be_v always_o accustom_v but_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o be_v choose_v some_o that_o be_v allow_v and_o authorise_v by_o a_o few_o against_o he_o the_o prerogative_n of_o age_n do_v nothing_o prevail_v but_o whosoever_o they_o be_v that_o in_o former_a war_n have_v make_v good_a proof_n of_o their_o valour_n be_v now_o call_v out_o to_o command_v army_n to_o he_o only_o be_v deny_v that_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o all_o other_o general_n that_o when_o they_o have_v happy_o bring_v thing_n to_o a_o end_n they_o may_v dismiss_v their_o army_n and_o return_v home_o with_o honour_n or_o at_o the_o least_o without_o dishonour_n all_o which_o thing_n he_o notwithstanding_o both_o have_v and_o will_v suffer_v patient_o neither_o do_v he_o now_o go_v about_o to_o take_v their_o army_n from_o they_o and_o retain_v they_o in_o pay_n for_o himself_o which_o he_o may_v easy_o do_v but_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v mean_n to_o make_v head_n against_o he_o and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o they_o shall_v go_v out_o of_o the_o province_n and_o discharge_v their_o army_n if_o they_o do_v so_o he_o will_v hurt_v no_o man_n but_o that_o be_v the_o only_a and_o last_o mean_n of_o peace_n observation_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o virtue_n that_o can_v challenge_v a_o great_a measure_n of_o honour_n or_o have_v more_o prerogative_n either_o among_o friend_n or_o enemy_n than_o fidelity_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o man_n be_v more_o strict_a in_o matter_n commit_v to_o their_o trust_n for_o the_o behoof_n of_o other_o laeliâ—s_n than_o they_o can_v well_o be_v if_o the_o same_o thing_n concern_v themselves_o and_o yet_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v a_o quatenus_fw-la in_o all_o endeavour_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v limit_v with_o such_o apparency_n as_o true_a affection_n may_v make_v of_o a_o good_a meaning_n and_o be_v the_o ground_n which_o afranius_n take_v to_o move_v caesar_n for_o a_o pardon_n non_fw-fr esse_fw-la aut_fw-la ipsis_fw-la aut_fw-la militibus_fw-la succensendum_fw-la quod_fw-la fidem_fw-la erga_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la cn._n pompeium_n conservare_fw-la voluerint_fw-la sed_fw-la satis_fw-la jam_fw-la fecisse_fw-la officio_fw-la satisque_fw-la supplicii_fw-la tulisse_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v angry_a either_o with_o he_o or_o the_o soldiery_n for_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o general_n cn._n pompeius_n but_o that_o now_o they_o have_v sufficient_o do_v their_o duty_n and_o as_o thorough_o smart_v for_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n which_o he_o deliver_v in_o a_o stile_n suit_v his_o fortune_n for_o as_o cominaeus_n have_v observe_v plut._n man_n in_o fear_n give_v reverend_a and_o humble_a word_n and_o the_o tongue_n be_v ever_o condition_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a witness_n of_o our_o fortune_n on_o the_o other_o side_n caesar_n produce_v nothing_o for_o his_o part_n but_o such_o wrong_n as_o may_v seem_v valuable_a to_o make_v good_a those_o course_n which_o he_o prosecute_v as_o first_o injury_n do_v by_o they_o and_o that_o in_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o blame_n against_o his_o soldier_n that_o go_v but_o to_o seek_v for_o peace_n injury_n do_v by_o their_o general_n in_o such_o a_o fashion_n as_o spare_v not_o to_o evert_v the_o fundamental_a right_n of_o the_o state_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o ruin_n and_o confusion_n whereby_o he_o be_v move_v to_o endeavour_v that_o which_o nature_n tie_v every_o man_n unto_o propellere_fw-la injuriam_fw-la to_o repel_v a_o injury_n from_o himself_o and_o have_v bring_v it_o to_o these_o term_n wherein_o it_o now_o stand_v offici_fw-la he_o will_v give_v assurance_n to_o the_o world_n by_o the_o revenge_n he_o there_o take_v that_o he_o enter_v into_o that_o war_n for_o his_o only_a end_n that_o he_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n and_o so_o require_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v dismiss_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o article_n agree_v upon_o the_o condition_n propound_v be_v most_o acceptable_a and_o please_a to_o the_o soldier_n câ—sar_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o they_o for_o be_v in_o the_o condition_n of_o vanquish_a person_n and_o thereupon_o expect_v a_o hard_a measure_n of_o fortune_n to_o be_v reward_v with_o liberty_n and_o exemption_n of_o arm_n be_v more_o than_o they_o can_v expect_v insomuch_o as_o where_o there_o grow_v a_o controversy_n of_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o dismission_n they_o all_o general_o stand_v upon_o the_o rampire_n signify_v both_o by_o their_o speech_n and_o by_o their_o hand_n that_o their_o desire_n be_v it_o may_v be_v do_v instant_o for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v provide_v by_o any_o assurance_n that_o it_o will_v continue_v firm_a if_o it_o be_v defer_v until_o another_o time_n after_o some_o dispute_n on_o each_o side_n the_o matter_n be_v in_o the_o end_n bring_v to_o this_o issue_n that_o such_o as_o have_v house_n and_o possession_n in_o spain_n shall_v be_v discharge_v present_o and_o the_o rest_n at_o the_o river_n varus_n luc._n it_o be_v condition_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v injury_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v force_v against_o his_o will_n to_o be_v swear_v under_o caesar_n command_n caesar_n promise_v to_o furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o river_n varus_n add_v withal_o that_o what_o soever_o any_o one_o have_v lose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v with_o any_o of_o his_o soldier_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o such_o as_o lose_v it_o and_o to_o his_o soldier_n he_o pay_v the_o value_n thereof_o in_o money_n if_o any_o controversy_n afterward_o grow_v among_o the_o soldier_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o bring_v the_o matter_n from_o time_n to_o time_n before_o caesar_n as_o when_o the_o soldier_n grow_v almost_o into_o a_o mutiny_n for_o want_v of_o pay_n the_o commander_n affirm_v the_o payday_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v petreius_n and_o afranius_n require_v that_o caesar_n may_v understand_v the_o cause_n and_o both_o party_n be_v content_v with_o his_o arbitrement_n a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o army_n be_v dismiss_v in_o those_o two_o day_n he_o command_v two_o of_o his_o legion_n to_o march_v before_o their_o army_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o follow_v after_o and_o continual_o to_o incamp_v themselves_o not_o far_o from_o they_o and_o appoint_v q._n fusius_fw-la calenus_n a_o legate_n to_o take_v the_o charge_n of_o that_o business_n this_o course_n be_v take_v they_o march_v out_o of_o spain_n to_o the_o river_n varus_n and_o there_o dismiss_v the_o rest_n of_o their_o army_n observation_n the_o river_n varus_n divide_v gallia_n narbonensis_n from_o italy_n and_o be_v think_v a_o indifferent_a place_n to_o discharge_v the_o army_n whereby_o there_o may_v be_v a_o end_n make_v of_o that_o war_n wherein_o if_o any_o man_n
desire_v to_o see_v a_o parallel_n draw_v between_o caesar_n and_o the_o other_o leader_n for_o matter_n of_o war_n it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o take_v the_o issue_n for_o a_o square_a of_o their_o direction_n civil_a be_v draw_v to_o this_o head_n within_o forty_o day_n after_o caesar_n come_v within_o sight_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o curio_n note_v in_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o soldier_n cato_n see_v the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o caesar_n against_o pompey_n say_v their_o be_v a_o great_a uncertainty_n in_o the_o government_n of_o their_o god_n allude_v peradventure_o to_o that_o of_o plato_n in_o his_o politic_n where_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v age_n wherein_o the_o god_n do_v govern_v the_o world_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o there_o be_v other_o time_n wherein_o they_o altogether_o neglect_v the_o same_o the_o world_n take_v a_o course_n quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o the_o god_n direct_v but_o lucan_n speak_v from_o a_o sure_a ground_n where_o he_o say_v victrix_n causa_fw-la diis_fw-la placuit_fw-la sed_fw-la victa_fw-la catoni_fw-la the_o conquer_a cause_n please_v jove_n the_o conquer_a cato_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o first_o commentary_n the_o second_o commentary_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o argument_n this_o commentary_n have_v three_o special_a part_n the_o first_o contain_v the_o siege_n of_o marseilles_n the_o strange_a work_n and_o extreme_a endeavour_n to_o take_v and_o to_o keep_v the_o town_n the_o second_o express_v the_o vain_a labour_n which_o pompey_n lieutenant_n undertake_v after_o that_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n be_v defeat_v to_o keep_v the_o province_n of_o andaluzia_n out_o of_o caesar_n power_n and_o command_v and_o the_o three_o part_n consist_v of_o the_o expedition_n curio_n make_v into_o africa_n and_o end_v with_o his_o overthrow_n chap._n i._n the_o preparation_n for_o the_o siege_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o the_o town_n whilst_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o spain_n câ—sar_n c._n 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note_v telum_fw-la that_o the_o word_n artillery_n be_v bring_v down_o to_o these_o age_n from_o the_o use_n of_o ancient_a engine_n which_o consist_v of_o those_o two_o primitives_n arcus_n and_o telum_fw-la and_o according_a as_o diversity_n of_o art_n and_o wit_n find_v mean_n to_o fit_v these_o to_o use_v and_o occasion_n so_o have_v they_o several_a and_o distinct_a name_n whereof_o i_o find_v chief_o these_o balistae_fw-la catapultae_n tolenones_n scorpiones_fw-la onagri_fw-la of_o each_o of_o which_o there_o be_v divers_a and_o several_a sort_n as_o first_o of_o the_o balistae_fw-la some_o be_v call_v centenariae_fw-la other_o talentariae_fw-la according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o bullet_n or_o weapon_n they_o shoot_v of_o the_o rate_n and_o proportion_n whereof_o vitruvius_n and_o his_o learned_a interpreter_n daniel_n barbarus_fw-la 17._o have_v make_v accurate_a description_n again_o some_o be_v make_v to_o shoot_v stone_n as_o appear_z by_o that_o of_o tacitus_n 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marcellinus_n note_v be_v of_o a_o late_a stamp_n and_o impose_v upon_o those_o engine_n which_o former_a time_n call_v scorpiones_fw-la and_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o wild_a ass_n that_o be_v say_v to_o cast_v stone_n backward_o with_o their_o foot_n at_o the_o hunter_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o dash_v out_o their_o brain_n in_o the_o time_n of_o barbarism_n all_o these_o engine_n be_v general_o call_v mangonella_n as_o appear_v by_o viginâ—rius_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o onosander_n which_o be_v likewise_o show_v by_o that_o which_o mr._n camden_n have_v insert_v in_o the_o description_n of_o bedfordshire_n concern_v the_o siege_n of_o bedford_n castle_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o out_o of_o a_o author_n that_o be_v present_a mangle_v exit_fw-la parte_fw-la orientali_fw-la fuit_fw-la una_fw-la petraria_fw-la &_o duo_fw-la mangonella_n quae_fw-la quotidie_fw-la turrim_fw-la infestabant_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la occidentis_fw-la duo_fw-la mangonella_n quae_fw-la turrim_fw-la veterem_fw-la contriverunt_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la mangonellum_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la australi_fw-la etc._n etc._n on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v place_v one_o engine_n to_o cast_v stone_n and_o two_o mangonel_n which_o continual_o play_v upon_o the_o tower_n and_o on_o the_o west_n side_n two_o mangonel_n which_o beat_v down_o the_o old_a tower_n and_o one_o mangonel_n on_o the_o south_n side_n etc._n etc._n but_o our_o powder_n have_v blow_v all_o these_o out_o of_o use_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o insist_v long_o upon_o they_o chap._n ii_o the_o marseillian_o prepare_v themselves_o for_o a_o sea-fight_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n l._n nasidius_n be_v send_v by_o cn._n pompeius_n with_o a_o navy_n of_o sixteen_o ship_n among_o which_o some_o few_o have_v their_o beak-head_n of_o iron_n to_o the_o succour_n and_o supply_v of_o l._n domitius_n and_o the_o marseillian_o he_o pass_v the_o straits_n of_o sicily_n messinâ—_n before_o curio_n have_v intelligence_n thereof_o and_o put_v
the_o state_n est_fw-la observe_v it_o the_o rather_o in_o case_n of_o great_a and_o happy_a success_n which_o be_v ever_o more_o restrain_v then_o lesser_a fortune_n sâ—lust_n howsoever_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o clemency_n be_v a_o property_n of_o excellent_a honour_n fortunae_fw-la which_o caesar_n show_v in_o save_v the_o town_n 1._o chap._n x._o curio_n transport_v two_o legion_n into_o africa_n about_o the_o same_o time_n caesar_n c._n curio_n set_v sail_n from_o sicily_n to_o pass_v into_o africa_n and_o make_v no_o account_n at_o all_o of_o actius_n varus_n force_n he_o carry_v with_o he_o but_o two_o legion_n of_o the_o four_o which_o be_v deliver_v he_o by_o caesar_n together_o with_o five_o hundred_o horse_n and_o after_o he_o have_v be_v at_o sea_n two_o day_n and_o three_o night_n he_o arrive_v at_o a_o place_n call_v aquilaria_n distant_a twenty_o two_o mile_n from_o clupea_n where_o there_o be_v a_o very_a commodious_a road_n for_o ship_n in_o summer_n 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navy_n arenae_fw-la curio_n send_v marcus_n before_o with_o the_o ship_n to_o utica_n and_o he_o himself_o set_v forward_o thither_o by_o land_n with_o the_o army_n and_o in_o two_o day_n journey_n come_v to_o the_o river_n bagrada_n 4._o where_o he_o leave_v c._n caninius_n rebilus_n the_o legate_n with_o the_o legion_n and_o go_v himself_o before_o with_o the_o cavalry_n to_o view_v a_o place_n call_v cornelius_n camp_n which_o be_v hold_v very_o fit_a and_o convenient_a to_o incamp_v in_o be_v a_o direct_a ridge_n of_o a_o hill_n shoot_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n steep_a and_o break_a on_o each_o side_n and_o yet_o shelve_v by_o a_o little_a more_o gentle_a descent_n on_o that_o side_n which_o be_v next_o utica_n be_v distant_a from_o thence_o if_o the_o near_a way_n be_v take_v a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o mile_n but_o in_o that_o short_a cut_n there_o rise_v a_o spring_n in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v further_a off_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o make_v a_o marish_a or_o bog_n which_o whosoever_o will_v avoid_v must_v fetch_v a_o compass_n of_o six_o mile_n to_o go_v to_o the_o town_n a_o view_n be_v take_v of_o this_o place_n curio_z behold_v afar_o off_o varus_n camp_n join_v to_o the_o town_n wall_n at_o the_o gate_n call_v bellica_fw-la marvellous_o fortify_v through_o the_o strong_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n have_v the_o town_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o a_o theatre_n which_o stand_v before_o the_o town_n on_o the_o other_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a circuit_n of_o building_n which_o it_o contain_v make_v a_o narrow_a and_o difficult_a passage_n to_o the_o camp_n he_o observe_v further_o great_a store_n of_o carriage_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o sudden_a alarm_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o country_n towards_o the_o town_n for_o the_o intercept_n whereof_o he_o send_v the_o cavalry_n and_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n varus_n likewise_o have_v send_v out_o of_o the_o town_n 600_o numidian_a horse_n and_o 400_o foot_n which_o king_n juba_n a_o few_o day_n before_o have_v send_v to_o utica_n for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o that_o party_n this_o prince_n have_v acquaintance_n with_o pompey_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o father_n lodge_v with_o he_o and_o bear_v a_o spleen_n to_o curio_n for_o the_o law_n which_o he_o prefer_v when_o he_o be_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n for_o the_o confiscation_n of_o juba_n his_o kingdom_n the_o cavalry_n on_o either_o side_n meet_v together_o and_o the_o numidian_n be_v not_o able_a to_o abide_v the_o charge_n of_o our_o man_n but_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o be_v slay_v the_o rest_n betake_v themselves_o back_o to_o the_o camp_n at_o the_o town_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o our_o galley_n curio_n command_v it_o to_o be_v proclaim_v that_o such_o victualler_n and_o ship_n of_o burden_n as_o be_v in_o the_o bay_n at_o utica_n be_v in_o number_n about_o two_o hundred_o and_o will_v not_o present_o come_v to_o the_o cornelian_a camp_n shall_v be_v hold_v and_o take_v for_o enemy_n at_o which_o proclamation_n upon_o a_o instant_n of_o time_n they_o all_o weigh_v anchor_n and_o come_v to_o the_o place_n whether_o they_o be_v command_v whereby_o the_o army_n abound_v with_o all_o necessary_a provision_n this_o be_v do_v he_o return_v to_o the_o camp_n at_o bagrada_n and_o by_o the_o acclamation_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v salute_v by_o the_o name_n of_o imperator_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o chapter_n begin_v with_o the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o book_n contain_v curio_n his_o passage_n into_o africa_n concern_v who_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o these_o broil_n no_o man_n be_v more_o enemy_n to_o caesar_n nor_o make_v more_o bitter_a invective_n to_o the_o people_n against_o he_o than_o he_o do_v in_o his_o tribuneship_n but_o afterward_o he_o fall_v off_o and_o be_v gain_v by_o the_o voluptuous_a enticement_n of_o m._n antony_n together_o with_o a_o huge_a mass_n of_o money_n which_o caesar_n send_v he_o whereupon_o he_o play_v the_o turncoat_n and_o with_o might_n and_o main_a afflict_a that_o party_n prevail_v much_o with_o the_o commonalty_n 23._o by_o his_o eloquent_a and_o persuasive_a speech_n the_o lively_a force_n whereof_o be_v able_a to_o stir_v up_o affection_n in_o stone_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o 2._o velleius_n paterculus_n note_v that_o no_o man_n bring_v a_o more_o burn_a or_o dangerous_a firebrand_n to_o the_o kindle_v of_o those_o civil_a war_n than_o do_v curio_n be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o excellent_a discourse_n audacious_a prodigal_a of_o his_o own_o and_o of_o other_o man_n subtle_a ingenious_a extreme_a vicious_a and_o always_o well-spoken_a to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o public_a weal._n which_o sweetness_n of_o word_n come_v unto_o he_o by_o inheritance_n 41._o as_o pliny_n witness_v una_fw-la familia_fw-la curionum_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la tres_fw-la continua_fw-la serie_fw-la oratores_fw-la extiterunt_fw-la in_o the_o one_o family_n of_o the_o curiones_n there_o be_v three_o note_a orator_n one_o after_o another_o 15._o of_o who_o monstrous_a prodigality_n the_o same_o author_n have_v make_v a_o very_a large_a account_n est_fw-la and_o out_o of_o these_o overween_a humour_n it_o be_v that_o he_o become_v so_o unwarie_a as_o to_o divide_v his_o army_n neglect_v the_o enemy_n judaico_fw-la and_o the_o variableness_n of_o war_n which_o alter_v as_o the_o moon_n and_o keep_v no_o constant_a shape_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v know_v concern_v the_o dismember_n of_o a_o army_n light_o and_o upon_o heedless_a rashness_n cyrus_n give_v grave_a advice_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o six_o book_n of_o xenophon_n to_o which_o for_o the_o present_a i_o refer_v the_o reader_n clupea_n be_v a_o town_n in_o africa_n name_v by_o pliny_n oppidum_n liberum_fw-la or_o a_o free_a town_n and_o site_v upon_o the_o promontory_n of_o mercury_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o old_a carthage_n it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o carry_v the_o form_n of_o a_o target_n retort_v and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v call_v aspis_n in_o clypei_fw-la speciem_fw-la curvatis_fw-la turribus_fw-la aspis_n ital._n aspis_n with_o turret_n bow_v like_o a_o shield_n this_o promontory_n which_o curio_n choose_v to_o incamp_v in_o be_v famous_a for_o three_o thing_n first_o it_o be_v repute_v the_o place_n where_o antaeus_n the_o giant_n dwell_v which_o hercules_n slay_v by_o strangle_v he_o in_o his_o arm_n that_o he_o may_v not_o touch_v the_o earth_n from_o which_o it_o be_v say_v he_o receive_v fresh_a strength_n second_o p._n cornelius_n scipio_n that_o subdue_v africa_n make_v that_o place_n his_o chief_a camp_n of_o strength_n and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o be_v call_v cornelius_n camp_n and_o last_o for_o this_o expedition_n which_o curio_n make_v to_o lose_v two_o legion_n and_o
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off_o and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n quod_fw-la minor_fw-la erat_fw-la frumenti_fw-la copia_fw-la pecus_fw-la imperabat_fw-la because_o there_o be_v but_o little_a corn_n he_o give_v order_n for_o cattle_n and_o again_o non_fw-la illi_fw-la hordeum_fw-la cum_fw-la daretur_fw-la non_fw-la legumina_fw-la recusbant_fw-la pecus_fw-la vero_fw-la cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la summa_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o epiro_fw-la copia_fw-la magno_fw-la in_o honore_fw-la habebant_fw-la they_o refuse_v neither_o barley_n nor_o pulse_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v they_o but_o cattle_n whereof_o there_o be_v good_a store_n in_o epirus_n they_o prize_v at_o a_o high_a rate_n by_o which_o place_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o never_o fall_v to_o flesh_n but_o when_o they_o want_v corn._n which_o be_v doubtless_o a_o firm_a nutriment_n less_o excremental_a and_o of_o better_a strength_n than_o any_o other_o food_n whatsoever_o as_o contain_v the_o prime_a substance_n of_o meat_n and_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la
his_o exhortation_n nor_o entreaty_n he_o command_v they_o as_o the_o last_o hope_n they_o have_v of_o safety_n that_o they_o shall_v all_o fly_v unto_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o thither_o he_o command_v the_o ensign_n to_o be_v carry_v but_o the_o cavalry_n send_v by_o sabura_n have_v also_o possess_v that_o place_n before_o whereby_o our_o man_n begin_v to_o fall_v into_o utter_a despair_n and_o partly_o be_v slay_v as_o they_o flee_v by_o the_o horseman_n or_o fall_v down_o without_o wound_v cn._n domitius_n general_n of_o the_o horse_n stand_v with_o a_o few_o horseman_n about_o he_o persuade_v curio_n to_o save_v himself_o by_o slight_a and_o to_o get_v the_o camp_n promise_v not_o to_o leave_v or_o forsake_v he_o but_o curio_n confident_o reply_v that_o he_o will_v never_o come_v in_o caesar_n sight_n have_v lose_v the_o army_n commit_v unto_o he_o and_o thereupon_o fight_v valiant_o be_v slay_v a_o few_o horseman_n save_v themselves_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o battle_n 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as_o ambassador_n to_o varus_n render_v themselves_o unto_o he_o the_o next_o day_n after_o juba_n see_v the_o cohort_n of_o these_o soldier_n before_o the_o town_n cry_v out_o present_o that_o they_o be_v part_n of_o his_o booty_n and_o thereupon_o give_v order_n that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v slay_v and_o select_v a_o few_o of_o the_o rest_n send_v they_o into_o his_o kingdom_n varus_n complain_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o his_o faith_n and_o promise_n be_v violate_v and_o yet_o dare_v not_o resist_v it_o the_o king_n ride_v into_o the_o town_n attend_v with_o many_o sâ—nationns_n among_o 〈◊〉_d be_v ser._n sulpitius_n and_o licinius_n damasippus_n and_o remain_v there_o a_o few_o day_n give_v such_o order_n for_o thing_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o then_o return_v to_o his_o kingdom_n with_o all_o his_o force_n observation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o period_n which_o divine_a power_n make_v lucan_n to_o the_o hopeful_a beginning_n of_o curio_n design_n 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gallorum_n captus_fw-la spoliis_fw-la &_o caesaris_fw-la auro_fw-la so_o virtuous_a citizen_n rome_n never_o breed_v whilst_o right_a the_o law_n a_o friend_n like_o he_o never_o have_v but_o the_o bad_a time_n first_o take_v he_o from_o his_o hold_n ambition_n riot_n and_o the_o force_n of_o gold_n in_o a_o wrong_a stream_n soon_o draw_v his_o waver_a mind_n of_o great_a concern_v which_o way_n so_o ever_o incline_v fetch_v off_o with_o gallic_a spoil_n and_o caesar_n gift_n his_o body_n lie_v unbury_v luc._n as_o a_o witness_n of_o numidian_a hate_n which_o be_v always_o extreme_a like_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o country_n and_o of_o juba_n particular_a revenge_n for_o tender_v a_o edict_n to_o the_o people_n to_o confiscate_v his_o kingdom_n to_o conclude_v this_o commentary_n the_o loss_n either_o party_n sustain_v unto_o this_o stage_n of_o the_o war_n be_v in_o these_o particular_n pompey_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o italy_n lose_v marseilles_n and_o both_o the_o province_n of_o spain_n caesar_n receive_v this_o loss_n in_o africa_n beside_o that_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n where_o antonius_n miscarry_v whereof_o he_o make_v no_o mention_n in_o these_o commentary_n and_o homer_n as_o when_o jupiter_n weigh_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o the_o trojan_n in_o a_o paâ—re_n of_o balance_n 8._o it_o fall_v out_o the_o greek_n have_v more_o ill_a luck_n than_o the_o trojan_n so_o the_o fortune_n of_o these_o party_n be_v weigh_v by_o the_o relation_n make_v thereof_o it_o fall_v plain_o out_o that_o pompey_n have_v the_o worse_o and_o thus_o end_v the_o second_o commentary_n the_o three_o commentary_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o argument_n the_o former_a book_n contain_v the_o drift_n and_o design_n which_o these_o famous_a chief_n attempt_v and_o prosecute_v while_o they_o be_v asunder_o and_o now_o come_v their_o buckle_v at_o hand_n to_o be_v relate_v together_o with_o the_o judgement_n which_o the_o war_n give_v of_o the_o cause_n in_o question_n 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assurance_n for_o the_o quit_n and_o abolish_n of_o all_o debt_n which_o do_v common_o fall_v out_o upon_o war_n and_o civil_a broil_n as_o also_o for_o the_o keep_n and_o preserve_v of_o the_o debtor_n credit_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o restore_v the_o ancient_a course_n of_o appeal_n make_v by_o the_o praetor_n and_o tribune_n to_o the_o people_n as_o also_o certain_a course_n use_v in_o sue_v for_o magistracy_n which_o be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o pompey_n time_n when_o he_o keep_v the_o legion_n about_o he_o in_o the_o city_n and_o likewise_o reform_v such_o judgement_n in_o suit_n and_o trial_n of_o law_n as_o be_v give_v in_o case_n when_o the_o matter_n in_o controversy_n be_v hear_v by_o one_o judge_n and_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v the_o same_o day_n by_o another_o judge_n last_o of_o all_o whereas_o divers_a stand_v condemn_v for_o offer_v their_o service_n unto_o he_o in_o the_o
per_fw-la cent._n dodrans_n 9_o bes_z 8._o septunx_fw-la usura_fw-la 7._o semis_fw-la 6._o quincunx_fw-la 5._o triens_fw-la 4._o quadrant_n 3._o sextans_fw-la 2._o unciaria_n one_o in_o the_o hundred_o offic_n howbeit_o cato_n condemn_v all_o kind_n of_o usury_n for_o be_v demand_v quid_fw-la maxim_n in_o re_fw-mi familiari_fw-la expediret_fw-la respondit_fw-la bene_fw-la pascere_fw-la quid_fw-la secundum_fw-la satis_fw-la bene_fw-la pascere_fw-la quid_fw-la tertium_fw-la be_v vestire_fw-la quid_fw-la quartum_fw-la arare_fw-la et_fw-la cum_fw-la ille_fw-la qui_fw-la quaesierat_fw-la dixisset_fw-la quid_fw-la foenerari_fw-la quid_fw-la hominem_fw-la inquit_fw-la occidere_fw-la what_o be_v the_o most_o expedient_a thing_n in_o householdry_n answer_v good_a diet_n what_o the_o second_o enough_o good_a diet_n what_o the_o three_o good_a clothes_n what_o the_o four_o plough_v and_o when_o he_o that_o question_v he_o thus_o say_v what_o think_v you_o of_o take_v use_n 10._o he_o reply_v what_o be_v it_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n allow_v as_o it_o seem_v no_o mean_n of_o get_v money_n but_o those_o which_o aristotle_n take_v to_o be_v most_o agree_v to_o nature_n which_o be_v from_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o cattle_n with_o such_o other_o course_n as_o be_v answerable_a thereunto_o chap._n ii_o a_o particular_a view_n of_o pompey_n force_n in_o the_o accomplish_n of_o these_o thing_n caesar_n as_o also_o celebrate_v the_o latin_a holiday_n and_o hold_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n have_v spend_v eleven_o day_n he_o give_v over_o his_o dictatorship_n leave_v the_o city_n and_o come_v to_o brundisium_n for_o he_o have_v command_v seven_o legion_n and_o all_o his_o cavalry_n to_o repair_v thither_o howbeit_o he_o find_v no_o more_o ship_v ready_a then_o will_v hardly_o transport_v fifteen_o thousand_o legionary_a soldier_n and_o five_o hundred_o horse_n the_o want_n of_o ship_v seem_v to_o hinder_v he_o from_o bring_v the_o 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of_o all_o the_o king_n dynaste_n tetrarch_n and_o free_a state_n of_o achaia_n and_o have_v likewise_o compel_v the_o corporation_n of_o those_o province_n to_o contribute_v the_o like_a sum_n he_o have_v enroll_v nine_o legion_n of_o roman_a citizen_n five_o which_o he_o have_v transport_v out_o of_o italy_n one_o old_a legion_n out_o of_o sicily_n which_o be_v compound_v and_o make_v of_o two_o he_o call_v the_o â—win_n gen_n one_o out_o of_o crect_n and_o macedoniaâ—old_a â—old_z soldier_n who_o be_v discharge_v by_o 〈…〉_z those_o province_n and_o 〈…〉_z of_o asia_n which_o lentulus_n the_o consul_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v enroll_v beside_o he_o have_v distribute_v among_o those_o legion_n under_o the_o 〈…〉_z supply_v a_o great_a number_n of_o thessaly_n 〈…〉_z and_o epirus_n among_o these_o he_o have_v mingle_v antonie_n soldier_n and_o beside_o these_o he_o expect_v to_o be_v bring_v by_o scipio_n out_o of_o syria_n two_o legion_n of_o archer_n out_o of_o crete_n lacedaemon_n pontus_n and_o syria_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n he_o have_v 3000_o six_o cohort_n of_o slinger_n two_o mercenary_a &_o 7000_o horse_n whereof_o deiotarus_n have_v bring_v 600_o gall_n ariobarzanes_n 500_o out_o of_o cappadocia_n cotus_n out_o of_o thracia_n have_v send_v the_o like_a number_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o his_o son_n sadalis_n from_o macedonia_n come_v 200_o command_v by_o rascipolis_n a_o captain_n of_o great_a fame_n and_o virtue_n from_o alexandria_n come_v 500_o part_n gall_n and_o part_n german_n which_o a._n gabinius_n have_v leave_v there_o with_o king_n ptolemy_n to_o defend_v the_o town_n pompey_n the_o son_n have_v bring_v with_o the_o navy_n 800_o of_o his_o shepherd_n and_o servant_n tarcondarius_n castor_n and_o donilaus_n have_v send_v three_o hundred_o out_o of_o gallograecia_n of_o who_o one_o come_v himself_o and_o the_o other_o send_v his_o son_n two_o hundred_o be_v send_v out_o of_o syria_n by_o comagenus_n of_o antioch_n who_o pompey_n have_v present_v with_o great_a gift_n most_o of_o which_o be_v arbalestrier_n on_o horseback_n to_o these_o be_v add_v dardan_n and_o bessi_n partly_o for_o pay_v and_o entertainment_n and_o partly_o get_v by_o command_n or_o favour_n beside_o macedonian_n thessalian_n and_o of_o divers_a other_o nation_n and_o city_n insomuch_o as_o he_o fill_v up_o the_o number_n former_o speak_v of_o he_o provide_v great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n out_o of_o thessaly_n asia_n crete_n cyrene_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o region_n he_o determine_v to_o winter_n at_o dyrrachium_fw-la apollonia_n and_o all_o the_o maritime_a town_n to_o keep_v caesar_n from_o pass_v the_o sea_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o have_v lay_v and_o dispose_v his_o navy_n all_o along_o the_o sea-coast_n pompey_n the_o son_n be_v admiral_n of_o the_o egyptian_a ship_n d._n laelius_n and_o c._n triarius_n of_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o asia_n c._n cassius_n command_v they_o of_o syria_n and_o c._n marcellus_n with_o c._n pomponius_n the_o ship_n of_o rhodes_n scribonius_n libo_n and_o m._n octavius_n have_v charge_n of_o the_o liburnian_a and_o achaean_n navy_n howbeit_o m._n bibulus_n command_v in_o chief_a in_o all_o sea_n cause_n and_o to_o he_o be_v leave_v the_o superintendency_n of_o the_o admiralty_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v these_o latinae_fw-la feriae_fw-la feriae_fw-la it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o feriae_fw-la or_o holiday_n the_o one_o call_v annal_n which_o come_v always_o to_o be_v keep_v on_o a_o certain_a day_n and_o thereupon_o be_v call_v anniversarii_n or_o yearly_a the_o other_o conceptivae_fw-la which_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o solemnize_v upon_o such_o day_n as_o the_o magistrate_n and_o priest_n think_v most_o expedient_a whereof_o these_o latinae_fw-la feriae_fw-la be_v chief_a and_o be_v keep_v on_o mount_n alban_n to_o jupiter_n latiar_n or_o latialis_n for_o the_o health_n and_o preservation_n of_o all_o the_o latin_a people_n in_o league_n and_o confederacy_n with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o be_v solemnize_v in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o truce_n between_o those_o two_o nation_n during_o which_o feast_n the_o roman_n hold_v it_o unlawful_a to_o make_v any_o war_n the_o sacrifice_n be_v a_o white_a bull_n kill_v and_o offer_v by_o the_o consul_n and_o the_o flesh_n distribute_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o latium_n according_a to_o a_o ancient_a treaty_n of_o alliance_n between_o they_o engrave_v for_o a_o perpetual_a memory_n in_o a_o column_n of_o brass_n the_o particular_n whereof_o be_v express_v at_o large_a by_o dionysius_n halicarnasseus_n rom._n the_o second_o observation_n the_o second_o thing_n come_v to_o be_v note_v be_v the_o view_n take_v of_o pompey_n force_n which_o be_v nine_o complete_a legion_n beside_o the_o supply_n here_o particular_o mention_v send_v from_o such_o as_o bare_a affection_n to_o that_o party_n and_o by_o indifferent_a calculation_n may_v amount_v in_o all_o to_o near_o about_o threescore_o thousand_o man_n together_o with_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o country_n where_o the_o trial_n be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o stroke_n of_o war._n in_o which_o muster_n be_v the_o soldier_n of_o c._n antonius_n who_o misfortune_n these_o commentary_n have_v either_o willing_o forget_v or_o some_o other_o chance_n have_v wipe_v it_o clean_o out_o 2_o howbeit_o florus_n have_v it_o record_v that_o caesar_n have_v send_v dolabella_n and_o antonius_n to_o seize_v upon_o the_o straits_n and_o entrance_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n the_o one_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o coast_n of_o sclavonia_n and_o the_o other_o near_o unto_o corfu_n when_o upon_o a_o sudden_a come_v octavius_n and_o pompey_n lieutenant_n and_o with_o great_a force_n they_o have_v aboard_o their_o ship_n surprise_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o whereby_o antonius_n be_v constrain_v to_o yield_v up_o fifteen_o company_n which_o be_v these_o soldier_n of_o antonius_n hear_v mention_v rascipolis_n or_o rascupolis_n be_v a_o thracian_a of_o great_a fame_n that_o
and_o worse_o the_o wind_n grow_v more_o easy_a and_o gentle_a observation_n by_o how_o much_o easy_o it_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o outlet_a of_o one_o port_n then_o to_o guard_v the_o coast_n of_o a_o large_a country_n by_o so_o much_o be_v libo_n more_o likely_a to_o prevail_v in_o seek_v to_o shut_v up_o the_o haven_n of_o bâ—undusium_n to_o hinder_v these_o supply_n from_o come_v unto_o caesar_n then_o the_o other_o that_o go_v about_o to_o guard_v all_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o epirus_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o land_v after_o they_o be_v at_o sea_n but_o such_o be_v the_o uncertainty_n of_o enterprise_n of_o war_n bellicae_fw-la that_o albeit_o our_o course_n be_v right_o shape_v yet_o it_o do_v often_o fail_v of_o lead_v we_o to_o that_o which_o be_v desire_v thucyd._n for_o howsoever_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o this_o island_n that_o lie_v thwait_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n and_o have_v thrust_v out_o the_o guard_n of_o horseman_n and_o so_o become_v confident_a of_o block_v up_o the_o port_n yet_o there_o be_v mean_n find_v by_o the_o adverse_a party_n to_o give_v he_o such_o a_o affront_n as_o make_v he_o quit_v the_o place_n with_o more_o dishonour_n than_o can_v be_v recompense_v by_o any_o thing_n he_o get_v chap._n ix_o caesar_n supply_n pass_v over_o into_o greece_n and_o take_v land_v caesar_n trouble_v at_o these_o thing_n caesar_n write_v very_o sharp_o to_o they_o at_o brundisium_n not_o to_o omit_v the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o next_o good_a wind_n but_o to_o put_v to_o sea_n and_o to_o shape_v their_o course_n to_o oricum_n or_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o apollonia_n because_o there_o they_o may_v run_v their_o ship_n on_o ground_n and_o these_o place_n be_v free_a from_o guard_n by_o reason_n they_o can_v not_o ride_v far_o from_o the_o port_n they_o according_a to_o their_o accustom_a courage_n and_o valour_n marcus_n antonius_n and_o fusius_fw-la calenus_n direct_v the_o business_n and_o the_o soldier_n themselves_o be_v forward_o thereunto_o as_o refuse_v no_o danger_n for_o caesar_n sake_n have_v get_v a_o south_n wind_n weigh_v anchor_n and_o the_o next_o day_n pass_v by_o apollonia_n and_o dyrrachium_fw-la but_o be_v discover_v from_o the_o continent_n quintus_fw-la coponius_n admiral_n of_o the_o rhodian_a navy_n lie_v at_o dyrrachium_fw-la bring_v his_o ship_n out_o of_o the_o haven_n and_o as_o he_o have_v almost_o upon_o a_o slack_a wind_n overtake_v our_o man_n the_o same_o south_n wind_n begin_v at_o length_n to_o blow_v stiff_a by_o which_o mean_n they_o escape_v yet_o do_v not_o he_o desist_v from_o pursue_v they_o but_o be_v in_o hope_n by_o the_o labour_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o mariner_n to_o overweigh_v the_o force_n of_o the_o tempest_n and_o follow_v they_o notwithstanding_o they_o be_v pass_v dyrrachium_fw-la with_o a_o large_a wind_n our_o man_n use_v the_o favour_n of_o fortune_n be_v nevertheless_o afraid_a of_o the_o enemy_n navy_n if_o the_o wind_n shall_v chance_v to_o slack_v and_o have_v get_v the_o port_n call_v nymphaeum_n three_o mile_n beyond_o lissus_n they_o put_v in_o with_o their_o ship_n this_o port_n lie_v shelter_v from_o the_o south-west_n wind_n but_o be_v not_o safe_a from_o a_o south_n wind_n howsoever_o they_o account_v a_o ill_a road_n less_o dangerous_a than_o the_o enemy_n fleet_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v no_o soon_o put_v in_o but_o the_o wind_n which_o have_v blow_v southerly_a for_o two_o day_n together_o do_v now_o most_o happy_o come_v about_o to_o the_o south-west_n and_o here_o a_o man_n may_v see_v the_o sudden_a alteration_n of_o fortune_n for_o they_o which_o of_o late_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o a_o dangerous_a road_n be_v now_o by_o that_o occasion_n receive_v into_o a_o safe_a harbour_n and_o those_o which_o threaten_v danger_n to_o they_o be_v force_v to_o bethink_v themselves_o of_o their_o own_o safety_n so_o that_o the_o time_n thus_o change_v the_o tempest_n save_v our_o party_n and_o sink_v they_o insomuch_o as_o sixteen_o of_o the_o rhodian_a ship_n be_v all_o shake_v in_o piece_n and_o perish_v with_o shipwreck_n and_o of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o oar-man_n and_o soldier_n part_n be_v dash_v against_o the_o rock_n and_o slay_v and_o part_n be_v take_v up_o by_o our_o man_n all_o which_o caesar_n send_v home_o in_o safety_n two_o of_o our_o ship_n come_v short_a and_o overtake_v with_o the_o night_n and_o not_o know_v where_o the_o rest_n have_v take_v shore_n stand_v at_o anchor_n right_o over_o against_o lissus_n they_o do_v otâ—cilius_n crassus_n governor_n of_o lissus_n go_v about_o to_o take_v with_o skiff_n and_o other_o little_a ship_n which_o he_o have_v prepare_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o withal_o treat_v with_o they_o of_o yield_v themselves_o promise_v life_n and_o safety_n upon_o that_o condition_n one_o of_o the_o ship_n carry_v two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n of_o the_o legion_n make_v of_o young_a soldier_n in_o the_o other_o be_v less_o than_o two_o hundred_o old_a soldier_n and_o here_o a_o man_n may_v see_v what_o assurance_n and_o safety_n consist_v in_o courage_n and_o valour_n of_o mind_n for_o the_o new_a make_v soldier_n terrify_v with_o the_o multitude_n of_o ship_n that_o come_v against_o they_o and_o spend_v with_o sea-sicknesse_n upon_o oath_n make_v not_o to_o receive_v any_o hurt_n do_v yield_v themselves_o to_o otacilius_n who_o be_v bring_v all_o unto_o he_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n most_o cruel_o slay_v in_o his_o sight_n but_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o old_a legion_n howsoever_o afflict_v with_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o tempest_n and_o noisomeness_n of_o the_o pump_n do_v not_o slack_v any_o thing_n of_o their_o ancient_a valour_n for_o have_v draw_v out_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o night_n in_o condition_n of_o treaty_n as_o though_o they_o mean_v to_o yield_v themselves_o they_o compel_v the_o master_n to_o run_v his_o ship_n ashore_o and_o have_v get_v a_o convenient_a place_n they_o there_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o night_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v day_n otacilius_n send_v four_o hundred_o horse_n which_o have_v the_o guard_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o coast_n with_o other_o of_o the_o garrison_n to_o assault_v and_o take_v they_o but_o they_o valiant_o defend_v themselves_o slay_v divers_a of_o they_o and_o so_o get_v to_o our_o man_n in_o safety_n whereupon_o the_o roman_a citizen_n reside_v in_o lissus_n which_o town_n caesar_n have_v former_o give_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v and_o guard_v receive_v in_o antonius_n and_o assist_v he_o with_o all_o thing_n needful_a otacilius_n fear_v himself_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o town_n and_o come_v to_o pompey_n antonius_n send_v back_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o ship_n that_o have_v bring_v over_o his_o troop_n which_o be_v three_o legion_n of_o old_a soldier_n one_o of_o new_a soldier_n and_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n to_o transport_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o horse_n that_o remain_v at_o brundisium_n leave_v the_o pontones_fw-la which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o french_a ship_v at_o lissus_n to_o this_o end_n that_o if_o haply_o pompey_n think_v italy_n to_o be_v empty_a and_o unfurnished_a shall_v carry_v over_o his_o army_n thither_o caesar_n may_v have_v mean_n to_o follow_v he_o and_o withal_o send_v messenger_n speedy_o to_o caesar_n to_o let_v he_o know_v where_o the_o army_n be_v land_v and_o what_o man_n he_o have_v bring_v over_o the_o first_o observation_n dolus_fw-la a_o virtus_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o host_n requirat_fw-la 2._o it_o be_v no_o matter_n whether_o the_o enemy_n do_v his_o business_n by_o valour_n or_o subtlety_n be_v not_o so_o justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o true_a virtue_n as_o that_o of_o achilles_n 9_o who_o profess_v to_o hate_v that_o man_n more_o than_o the_o gate_n of_o hell_n iliad_n that_o promise_v one_o thing_n and_o purpose_v another_o neither_o do_v the_o jurist_n conclude_v otherwise_o have_v for_o the_o more_o apparency_n of_o truth_n draw_v it_o to_o a_o question_n a_o perfidia_fw-la in_o perfidum_fw-la uti_fw-la jus_fw-la sit_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o break_v faith_n with_o a_o faith-breaker_n gallico_n allege_v labienus_n practice_v against_o comius_n of_o arras_n together_o with_o that_o which_o admit_v no_o answer_n that_o their_o example_n stand_v as_o a_o precedent_n to_o deal_v with_o they_o as_o they_o deal_v with_o other_o but_o to_o falsify_v religion_n as_o otacilius_n do_v and_o to_o make_v a_o oath_n the_o broker_n of_o unworthy_a end_n be_v abhor_v by_o god_n and_o man_n and_o according_o succee_v the_o most_o remarkable_a instance_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v be_v forget_v of_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungaria_n uladislaus_n who_o have_v conclude_v the_o honourable_a peace_n that_o ever_o christian_a prince_n have_v before_o that_o time_n make_v with_o any_o of_o
the_o same_o time_n also_o come_v domitius_n into_o macedonia_n and_o as_o ambassador_n begin_v to_o come_v thick_a unto_o he_o from_o divers_a state_n of_o that_o province_n it_o be_v tell_v he_o that_o scipio_n be_v at_o hand_n with_o the_o legion_n and_o come_v with_o great_a fame_n and_o opinion_n of_o all_o man_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o a_o forerunner_n of_o novelty_n he_o make_v no_o stay_n in_o any_o part_n of_o macedonia_n march_v direct_o with_o great_a fury_n towards_o domitius_n and_o when_o he_o come_v within_o twenty_o mile_n of_o he_o turn_v his_o course_n sudden_o to_o cassius_n longinus_n in_o thessalia_n which_o he_o do_v so_o speedy_o that_o news_n come_v together_o of_o his_o come_n and_o of_o his_o arrival_n for_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v march_v with_o great_a expedition_n he_o leave_v m._n favonius_n at_o the_o river_n haliacmon_n which_o divide_v macedonia_n from_o thessalia_n with_o eight_o cohort_n axium_fw-la to_o keep_v the_o carriage_n of_o the_o legion_n where_o he_o command_v they_o to_o build_v a_o fort._n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o cavalry_n of_o king_n cottus_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o thessalia_n come_v fly_v sudden_o to_o cassius_n campe._n whereat_o he_o be_v astonish_v understand_v of_o scipio_n come_n and_o see_v the_o horseman_n who_o he_o think_v to_o be_v his_o make_v towards_o the_o hill_n which_o enclose_v thessalia_n and_o from_o thence_o march_v towards_o ambracia_n and_o as_o scipio_n make_v haste_n to_o follow_v after_o letter_n overtake_v he_o send_v from_o favonius_n that_o domitius_n be_v at_o hand_n with_o the_o legion_n and_o that_o he_o can_v not_o hold_v the_o place_n wherein_o he_o be_v leave_v without_o scipio_n help_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o which_o letter_n scipio_n alter_v both_o his_o purpose_n and_o his_o journey_n &_o leave_v cassius_n make_v haste_n to_o help_v favonius_n so_o that_o continue_v his_o journey_n night_n and_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o he_o in_o very_o good_a time_n for_o as_o the_o dust_n of_o domitius_n army_n approaching_z be_v see_v to_o rise_v the_o forerunner_n of_o scipio_n his_o army_n be_v likewise_o discover_v whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o as_o domitius_n industry_n do_v help_v cassius_n so_o do_v scipio_n his_o speed_n save_o favonius_n observation_n caesar_n be_v now_o ready_a with_o his_o force_n to_o proceed_v against_o pompey_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v be_v to_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o province_n of_o greece_n and_o to_o get_v their_o favour_n and_o assistance_n for_o his_o better_a furtherance_n in_o contest_v his_o adversary_n for_o as_o a_o army_n stand_v firm_a by_o two_o special_a mean_n first_o in_o themselves_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v any_o oppose_a force_n and_o second_o through_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o country_n wherein_o they_o be_v engage_v so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n their_o overthrow_n either_o proceed_v from_o their_o own_o weakness_n or_o otherwise_o when_o the_o province_n adjoin_v do_v refuse_v such_o mutual_a respect_n as_o may_v relieve_v the_o want_n of_o a_o consume_a multitude_n and_o therefore_o have_v get_v all_o the_o force_n together_o which_o he_o look_v for_o or_o can_v any_o way_n expect_v he_o send_v out_o to_o try_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o country_n and_o to_o alter_v that_o in_o a_o moment_n which_o pompey_n have_v be_v settle_v for_o a_o year_n together_o and_o then_o resolve_v to_o attack_v he_o near_o and_o doubtless_o if_o scipio_n have_v not_o by_o chance_n interrupt_v their_o course_n upon_o his_o come_n out_o of_o asia_n to_o aid_n pompey_n they_o have_v as_o easy_o get_v all_o thessalia_n and_o macedonia_n as_o they_o do_v aetolia_n and_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o order_v and_o dispose_v as_o they_o get_v more_o honour_n of_o scipio_n than_o he_o can_v win_v of_o they_o chap._n xiii_o the_o passage_n between_o domitius_n and_o scipio_n scipio_n abode_n two_o day_n in_o his_o stand_a camp_n caesar_n upon_o the_o river_n haliacmon_n which_o run_v between_o he_o and_o domitius_n camp_n the_o three_o day_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v light_n he_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n by_o a_o ford_n and_o encamp_v himself_o the_o next_o day_n in_o the_o morning_n he_o imbattel_v his_o force_n before_o the_o front_n of_o his_o camp_n domitius_n in_o like_a manner_n make_v no_o difficulty_n of_o bring_v out_o his_o legion_n resolve_v to_o fight_v and_o whereas_o there_o lie_v a_o field_n of_o six_o mile_n between_o both_o the_o camp_n he_o lead_v his_o troop_n imbattel_v under_o scipio_n camp_n who_o nevertheless_o refuse_v to_o move_v any_o jot_n from_o his_o stand_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o domitius_n soldier_n be_v hardly_o keep_v from_o give_v battle_n but_o special_o a_o river_n lie_v under_o scipio_n camp_n with_o break_a and_o uneasy_a bank_n do_v hinder_v they_o at_o that_o time_n scipio_n understand_v of_o their_o alacrity_n and_o desire_n to_o fight_v suspect_v it_o may_v happen_v that_o the_o next_o day_n he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v against_o his_o will_n or_o with_o great_a dishonour_n keep_v himself_o within_o his_o camp_n have_v with_o great_a expectation_n in_o the_o beginning_n go_v on_o rash_o and_o unadvised_o be_v now_o dishonour_v with_o a_o reproachful_a end_n for_o in_o the_o nighttime_n he_o rise_v without_o any_o noise_n or_o warning_n for_o the_o truss_n up_o of_o the_o baggage_n and_o pass_v the_o river_n return_v the_o same_o way_n he_o come_v and_o in_o a_o eminent_a place_n near_o unto_o the_o river_n he_o pitch_v his_o camp_n a_o few_o day_n after_o he_o lay_v a_o ambushment_n of_o horseman_n in_o a_o place_n where_o our_o man_n have_v former_o accustom_v to_o forage_v and_o as_o q._n varus_n general_n of_o the_o horse_n in_o domitius_n army_n come_v out_o according_a to_o his_o ordinary_a use_n they_o set_v upon_o he_o at_o a_o sudden_a but_o our_o man_n do_v valiant_o sustain_v the_o onset_n and_o every_o man_n betake_v himself_o speedy_o to_o his_o rank_n they_o all_o together_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n charge_v the_o enemy_n and_o have_v slay_v fourscore_o they_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n with_o the_o loss_n only_o of_o two_o of_o their_o man_n observation_n it_o appear_v here_o that_o to_o show_v a_o readiness_n and_o resolution_n to_o fight_v upon_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o war_n be_v no_o small_a advantage_n to_o the_o prosperous_a carriage_n of_o the_o same_o for_o albeit_o scipio_n be_v great_a in_o his_o own_o strength_n and_o as_o great_a in_o the_o opinion_n and_o expectation_n of_o man_n yet_o when_o he_o find_v such_o a_o alacrity_n in_o the_o enemy_n to_o give_v and_o take_v blow_n and_o a_o desire_n to_o entertain_v serious_o all_o occasion_n of_o give_v battle_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o prosecute_n what_o he_o have_v pretend_v as_o he_o rather_o choose_v the_o fortune_n of_o a_o safe_a retreat_n and_o consequent_o to_o turn_v the_o advantage_n which_o the_o world_n in_o opinion_n have_v give_v to_o his_o army_n to_o his_o own_o reproach_n and_o disadvantage_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o be_v find_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unwilling_a to_o hazard_v the_o trial_n of_o a_o field_n or_o indispose_v to_o fight_v upon_o any_o occasion_n do_v invite_v a_o enemy_n to_o attempt_v that_o which_o otherwise_o he_o will_v not_o and_o give_v they_o courage_n to_o beat_v he_o from_o all_o his_o purpose_n as_o know_v the_o resolution_n of_o their_o adversary_n and_o the_o mean_n they_o have_v either_o to_o take_v or_o leave_v at_o their_o pleasure_n chap._n fourteen_o domitius_n draw_v scipio_n to_o a_o loss_n by_o a_o ambushment_n young_a pompey_n attempt_n upon_o oricum_n after_o these_o thing_n caesar_n domitius_n hope_v that_o scipio_n may_v he_o draw_v to_o fight_v he_o make_v as_o though_o he_o be_v in_o great_a want_n and_o scarcity_n of_o corn_n and_o thereupon_o rise_v from_o the_o place_n wherein_o he_o be_v encamp_v with_o the_o usual_a cry_n of_o remove_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o war_n and_o have_v march_v three_o mile_n he_o lodge_v all_o his_o army_n with_o the_o cavalry_n in_o a_o convenient_a and_o secret_a place_n scipio_n be_v ready_a to_o follow_v after_o send_v his_o horseman_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o light-armed_n soldier_n to_o discover_v what_o way_n domitius_n take_v who_o march_v forward_o as_o the_o first_o troop_n come_v within_o the_o ambushment_n suspect_v somewhat_o by_o the_o neigh_n of_o the_o horse_n they_o fall_v back_o again_o those_o that_o follow_v after_o see_v the_o former_a troop_n so_o sudden_o to_o retire_v stand_v still_o our_o man_n find_v themselves_o discover_v and_o think_v it_o in_o vain_a to_o attend_v the_o rest_n have_v get_v two_o troop_n of_o horse_n within_o their_o reach_n they_o content_v
foot_n from_o that_o place_n be_v raise_v another_o rampire_n with_o the_o front_n the_o contrary_a way_n but_o somewhat_o low_a than_o the_o â—ormer_a for_o some_o few_o day_n before_o caesar_n fear_v that_o place_n lest_o our_o man_n shall_v be_v circumvent_v with_o their_o ship_n have_v cause_v double_a fortification_n to_o be_v make_v in_o that_o place_n that_o if_o peradventure_o they_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o their_o shift_n they_o may_v nevertheless_o make_v good_a resistance_n but_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o continual_a labour_n they_o daily_o endure_v the_o fortification_n be_v carry_v eighteen_o mile_n in_o circuit_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o finish_v it_o whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o he_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o make_v a_o rampire_n along_o the_o seashore_n to_o join_v these_o two_o fortification_n together_o for_o the_o defence_n thereof_o which_o be_v inform_v pompey_n by_o these_o two_o savoiens_n and_o bring_v great_a damage_n and_o loss_n to_o our_o people_n for_o as_o the_o cohort_n of_o the_o nine_o legion_n keep_v watch_v and_o guard_n upon_o the_o sea_n sudden_o by_o the_o break_n of_o day_n come_v pompey_n army_n which_o seem_v very_o strange_a unto_o our_o man_n and_o instant_o thereupon_o the_o soldier_n from_o a_o shipboard_n assault_v with_o their_o weapon_n the_o inner_a rampire_n &_o the_o rest_n begin_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o trench_n the_o legionary_a soldier_n appoint_v to_o keep_v the_o inner_a fortification_n have_v plant_v a_o great_a number_n of_o ladder_n to_o the_o rampire_n do_v amuse_v the_o enemy_n with_o weapon_n &_o engine_n of_o all_o sort_n &_o a_o great_a number_n of_o aâ—chers_n be_v throng_v together_o on_o each_o side_n but_o the_o cover_n of_o osier_n which_o they_o wear_v on_o their_o headpiece_n do_v great_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o blow_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v the_o only_a weapon_n our_o man_n have_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o as_o our_o man_n be_v overlay_v with_o all_o these_o thing_n and_o do_v hardly_o make_v resistance_n they_o find_v out_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o fortification_n former_o mention_v and_o land_v their_o man_n between_o the_o two_o rampire_n they_o charge_v our_o people_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o drive_v they_o from_o both_o the_o fortification_n make_v they_o turn_v their_o back_n this_o alarm_n be_v hear_v marcellinus_n send_v certain_a cohort_n to_o succour_v our_o man_n who_o see_v they_o fly_v can_v neither_o re-assure_a they_o by_o their_o come_n nor_o withstand_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n themselves_o insomuch_o as_o what_o relief_n soever_o be_v send_v be_v distract_v by_o the_o fear_n and_o astonishment_n of_o they_o that_o flee_v away_o whereby_o the_o terror_n and_o the_o danger_n be_v make_v much_o the_o great_a and_o their_o retreat_n be_v hinder_v through_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n in_o that_o fight_n the_o eagle-bearer_n be_v grievous_o wound_v and_o faint_v for_o want_v of_o strength_n look_v towards_o the_o horseman_n this_o have_v i_o say_v he_o in_o my_o life_n time_n careful_o and_o diligent_o defend_v for_o many_o year_n together_o and_o now_o die_v with_o the_o same_o fidelity_n do_v restore_v it_o unto_o caesar_n suffer_v not_o i_o pray_v you_o such_o a_o dishonour_n the_o like_a whereof_o never_o happen_v in_o caesar_n army_n but_o return_v it_o unto_o he_o in_o safety_n by_o which_o accident_n the_o eagle_n be_v save_v all_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o cohort_n be_v slay_v but_o the_o first_o of_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o now_o the_o enemy_n with_o great_a slaughter_n of_o our_o man_n approach_v near_o marcellinus_n camp_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o cohort_n be_v great_o astonish_v m._n antonius_n hold_v the_o next_o garrison_n to_o that_o place_n upon_o notice_n thereof_o be_v see_v to_o come_v down_o from_o the_o upper_a ground_n with_o twelve_o cohort_n upon_o who_o come_v pompey_n party_n be_v repress_v and_o stay_v and_o our_o man_n somewhat_o reassured_n give_v they_o time_n to_o come_v again_o to_o themselves_o out_o of_o that_o astonishment_n and_o not_o long_o after_o caesar_n have_v knowledge_n thereof_o by_o smoke_n make_v out_o of_o the_o fort_n according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o former_a time_n come_v thither_o also_o bring_v with_o he_o certain_a cohort_n out_o of_o the_o garrison_n observation_n it_o be_v a_o old_a say_n alienâ—vit_fw-la that_o thief_n handsel_n be_v always_o naught_o but_o traitor_n handsel_n be_v much_o worse_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o fall_n away_o of_o these_o two_o savoiens_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o leave_v caesar_n in_o this_o war_n and_o the_o first_o that_o bring_v pompey_n good_a fortune_n themselves_o stand_v culpable_a of_o as_o great_a a_o offence_n 14._o as_o if_o they_o have_v alienate_v the_o whole_a army_n militari_fw-la in_o the_o course_n whereof_o we_o may_v see_v plain_o that_o which_o i_o have_v former_o note_v that_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n to_o be_v still_o attempt_v upon_o a_o enemy_n so_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o good_a ground_n and_o caution_n for_o while_o pompey_n stand_v upon_o the_o defensive_a ward_n the_o honour_n of_o the_o contention_n fall_v continual_o upon_o caesar_n and_o doubtless_o he_o that_o observe_v caesar_n proceed_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o all_o his_o war_n shall_v find_v his_o fortune_n to_o have_v special_o grow_v from_o his_o active_a and_o attempt_v spirit_n in_o this_o eagle-bearer_n maximus_fw-la we_o may_v see_v verify_v that_o which_o paterculus_n affirm_v of_o mithridates_n that_o a_o valiant_a spirit_n be_v sometime_o great_a by_o the_o favour_n of_o fortune_n but_o always_o great_a in_o a_o good_a courage_n for_o these_o title_n of_o degree_n as_o princeps_fw-la prio_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n here_o mention_v have_v former_o discourse_v at_o large_a of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o the_o hierarchy_n of_o their_o discipline_n i_o will_v rather_o refer_v the_o reader_n thereunto_o then_o bombast_n out_o a_o volume_n with_o distasteful_a repetition_n chap._n xxiii_o caesar_n purpose_v to_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o war_n and_o attempt_v to_o cut_v off_o one_o of_o pompey_n legion_n caesar_n understanding_n of_o the_o loss_n caesar_n and_o perceive_v that_o pompey_n be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o fortification_n and_o be_v encamp_v upon_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o he_o may_v free_o go_v out_o to_o forage_v and_o have_v no_o less_o access_n to_o his_o ship_n then_o former_o he_o have_v change_v his_o course_n of_o war_n which_o have_v not_o succeed_v to_o his_o expectation_n he_o encamp_v himself_o fast_o by_o pompey_n the_o work_n be_v perfect_v it_o be_v observe_v by_o câ—sar's_n discoverer_n that_o certain_a cohort_n to_o the_o number_n of_o a_o legion_n be_v bring_v behind_o a_o wood_n into_o the_o old_a camp_n the_o site_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o day_n before_o caesar_n nine_o legion_n oppose_v themselves_o against_o pompey_n force_n and_o work_v upon_o the_o fortification_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v have_v their_o camp_n in_o that_o place_n adjoin_v unto_o a_o wood_n and_o not_o distant_a from_o the_o sea_n above_o four_o hundred_o pase_n afterward_o caesar_n change_v his_o mind_n for_o some_o certain_a cause_n transfer_v his_o lodging_n somewhat_o far_o off_o from_o that_o place_n a_o few_o day_n after_o the_o same_o camp_n be_v possess_v by_o pompey_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v to_o lodge_v more_o legion_n in_o that_o place_n leave_v the_o inner_a rampire_n stand_v he_o enlarge_v the_o fortification_n so_o that_o the_o lesser_a camp_n be_v include_v in_o the_o great_a serve_v as_o a_o castle_n or_o citadel_n to_o the_o same_o beside_o also_o he_o draw_v a_o fortification_n from_o the_o right_a angle_n of_o the_o camp_n four_o hundred_o pase_n outright_o to_o a_o river_n to_o the_o end_n the_o soldier_n may_v water_v free_o without_o danger_n and_o he_o also_o change_v his_o mind_n for_o some_o cause_v not_o requisite_a to_o be_v mention_v leave_v the_o place_n too_o so_o that_o the_o camp_n stand_v empty_a for_o many_o day_n together_o and_o all_o the_o fortification_n be_v as_o perfect_a as_o at_o the_o first_o the_o discoverer_n bring_v news_n to_o caesar_n that_o they_o have_v see_v a_o ensign_n of_o a_o legion_n carry_v thither_o the_o same_o be_v likewise_o confirm_v from_o certain_a fort_n which_o stand_v upon_o the_o high_a ground_n the_o place_n be_v distant_a from_o pompey_n new_a camp_n about_o five_o hundred_o pase_n caesar_n hope_v to_o cut_v off_o this_o legion_n and_o desirous_a to_o repair_v that_o day_n loss_n leave_v two_o cohort_n at_o work_n to_o make_v a_o show_n of_o fortify_v and_o he_o himself_o by_o a_o contrary_a way_n in_o as_o covert_a a_o manner_n as_o he_o can_v lead_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o cohort_n in_o number_n thirty_o three_o among_o who_o be_v the_o nine_o
army_n and_o engage_v they_o in_o fight_n among_o who_o caesar_n oppose_v his_o horseman_n and_o intermingle_v with_o they_o four_o hundred_o expedite_a soldier_n of_o they_o that_o have_v place_n before_o the_o ensign_n who_o so_o much_o prevail_v in_o the_o encounter_n that_o they_o drive_v they_o all_o away_o before_o they_o slay_v many_o of_o they_o and_o return_v themselves_o in_o safety_n to_o their_o troop_n caesar_n have_v make_v a_o just_a day_n march_v according_a to_o his_o first_o determination_n and_o bring_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n genusus_n he_o lodge_v in_o his_o old_a camp_n over_o against_o asparagus_n and_o keep_v all_o the_o soldier_n within_o the_o rampire_n command_v the_o horse_n that_o go_v out_o to_o forage_v to_o be_v present_o take_v in_o by_o the_o decumane_a port._n the_o first_o observation_n albeit_o that_o of_o cato_n be_v true_a 14._o that_o a_o error_n in_o â—ight_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o amendment_n yet_o out_o oâ—_n that_o which_o happen_v amiss_o may_v always_o be_v somewhat_o gather_v to_o repair_v the_o disadvantage_n and_o to_o dispose_v a_o party_n to_o better_a carriage_n for_o the_o future_a according_o we_o may_v note_v caesar_n notable_a temper_n and_o demeanour_n after_o so_o great_a a_o loss_n recall_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o settle_v their_o mind_n in_o a_o course_n of_o good_a resolution_n with_o as_o many_o valuable_a reason_n as_o humane_a wisdom_n be_v able_a to_o afford_v he_o without_o which_o all_o their_o other_o advantage_n either_o of_o valour_n or_o experience_n and_o use_v of_o arm_n or_o their_o assuredness_n after_o so_o many_o victory_n or_o what_o other_o thing_n soever_o that_o make_v they_o excel_v all_o other_o army_n have_v be_v utter_o bury_v in_o this_o overthrow_n for_o his_o better_a furtherance_n wherein_o he_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o time_n before_o he_o bring_v they_o to_o the_o like_a trial_n for_o that_o which_o be_v say_v of_o grief_n 64._o if_o reason_n will_v not_o give_v a_o end_n unto_o it_o time_n will_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o any_o other_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o can_v possible_o be_v so_o great_a but_o time_n will_v consume_v it_o the_o second_o observation_n the_o second_o thing_n which_o come_v to_o be_v handle_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o caesar_n retreat_n be_v as_o exquisite_a a_o pattern_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o be_v extant_a in_o any_o story_n and_o be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v consider_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o military_a art_n and_o worthy_a the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o general_n to_o be_v able_a upon_o all_o occasion_n to_o make_v a_o safe_a and_o sure_a retreat_n for_o those_o that_o can_v do_v nothing_o else_o can_v easy_o put_v themselves_o into_o a_o war_n but_o to_o return_v they_o home_o again_o in_o safety_n be_v that_o which_o concern_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o leader_n many_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o may_v move_v a_o 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the_o end_n we_o may_v have_v some_o advantage_n of_o space_n before_o the_o enemy_n that_o press_v so_o near_o behind_o for_o if_o we_o once_o get_v before_o and_o can_v outstrip_v they_o for_o a_o day_n journey_n or_o two_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o they_o to_o overtake_v we_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o dare_v not_o follow_v we_o with_o a_o small_a troup_n and_o with_o great_a force_n they_o can_v never_o reach_v we_o beside_o the_o scarcity_n and_o want_n of_o victual_n they_o fall_v into_o by_o follow_v we_o that_o consume_v all_o before_o they_o thus_o far_o go_v xenophon_n and_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n caesar_n order_v his_o retreat_n for_o he_o get_v the_o start_n of_o pompey_n so_o far_o the_o first_o day_n by_o that_o eight_o mile_n he_o gain_v in_o the_o afternoon_n as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n that_o he_o be_v never_o able_a to_o overtake_v he_o the_o second_o thing_n for_o the_o assure_v of_o a_o retreat_n be_v so_o to_o provide_v against_o 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observe_v the_o former_a point_n king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n 31._o desirous_a to_o leave_v the_o roman_a army_n send_v a_o herald_n to_o the_o consul_n to_o demand_v a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n while_o he_o bury_v his_o dead_a which_o he_o purpose_v to_o perform_v the_o next_o day_n with_o some_o care_n and_o solemnity_n which_o be_v obtain_v he_o dislodge_v himself_o secret_o that_o night_n and_o be_v get_v far_o on_o his_o way_n before_o the_o roman_n perceive_v it_o hannibal_n 27._o to_o clear_v his_o army_n from_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v command_v by_o the_o consul_n nero_n about_o midnight_n make_v many_o fire_n in_o that_o part_n which_o stand_v next_o the_o roman_a camp_n &_o leave_v certain_a pavilion_n &_o lodging_n with_o some_o few_o numidian_n to_o show_v themselves_o upon_o the_o rampire_n he_o depart_v secret_o towards_o puteolis_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v day_n the_o roman_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n approach_v the_o counterscarp_n the_o numidian_n show_v themselves_o and_o then_o sudden_o make_v after_o their_o fellow_n as_o fast_o as_o their_o horse_n can_v carry_v they_o the_o consul_n find_v a_o great_a silence_n in_o the_o camp_n send_v two_o light-horseman_n to_o discover_v the_o matter_n who_o return_v tell_v he_o of_o the_o enemy_n departure_n in_o like_a manner_n civili_fw-la varus_n as_o be_v former_o relate_v leave_v a_o trumpeter_n in_o the_o camp_n near_o utica_n with_o certain_a tent_n and_o about_o midnight_n carry_v his_o army_n secret_o into_o the_o town_n mithridates_n 1._o willing_a to_o leave_v pompey_n that_o cut_v he_o off_o short_a the_o better_a to_o cover_v his_o departure_n make_v show_v of_o make_v great_a provision_n of_o forage_n than_o he_o be_v accustom_v appoint_a conference_n the_o next_o day_n make_v great_a store_n of_o fire_n in_o his_o camp_n and_o then_o in_o the_o night_n escape_v away_o the_o persian_n in_o the_o voyage_n which_o solyman_n the_o turk_n make_v against_o they_o in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o four_o be_v drive_v to_o a_o place_n where_o the_o ottoman_n think_v to_o have_v have_v a_o hand_n upon_o they_o gather_v every_o man_n a_o faggot_n and_o make_v a_o great_a heap_n thereof_o set_v they_o all_o on_o fire_n in_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o turk_n army_n which_o burn_v so_o furious_o as_o the_o persian_a escape_v before_o the_o enemy_n can_v pass_v by_o the_o fire_n chap._n xxvi_o caesar_n go_v on_o in_o his_o retreat_n pompey_n cease_v to_o follow_v he_o in_o like_a manner_n caesar_n pompey_n have_v that_o day_n march_v a_o full_a journey_n betake_v himself_o to_o his_o former_a lodging_n at_o asparagus_n and_o for_o that_o the_o soldier_n be_v not_o trouble_v with_o fortify_v their_o camp_n by_o reason_n all_o the_o work_n be_v whole_a &_o entire_a many_o
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as_o the_o tent_n be_v take_v down_o it_o be_v a_o little_a before_o observe_v that_o pompey_n army_n be_v advance_v somewhat_o further_o from_o their_o trench_n then_o ordinary_o they_o be_v accustom_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v they_o may_v fight_v in_o a_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a place_n whereupon_o caesar_n when_o his_o troop_n be_v already_o in_o the_o gate_n set_v out_o it_o behove_v we_o say_v he_o to_o put_v off_o our_o remove_n for_o the_o present_a and_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o fight_v as_o we_o have_v always_o desire_v for_o we_o shall_v not_o easy_o hereafter_o find_v the_o like_a occasion_n and_o present_o draw_v out_o his_o force_n pompey_n also_o as_o it_o be_v afterward_o know_v be_v resolve_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o all_o that_o be_v about_o he_o to_o give_v battle_n for_o he_o have_v give_v out_o in_o council_n some_o few_o day_n before_o that_o he_o will_v everthrow_v caesar_n army_n before_o the_o troop_n come_v to_o join_v battle_n and_o as_o many_o that_o 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according_a as_o they_o have_v
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forget_v be_v the_o first_o man_n that_o begin_v the_o battle_n
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far_o go_v to_o look_v back_o upon_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v work_v a_o reconcilement_n the_o one_o be_v creep_v so_o high_a and_o the_o other_o cast_v down_o so_o low_a that_o they_o seem_v not_o compatible_a in_o any_o medium_fw-la although_o it_o be_v to_o the_o save_n of_o the_o empire_n howbeit_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o pompey_n give_v great_a occasion_n of_o these_o war_n polit._n for_o seneca_n say_v he_o have_v bring_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o that_o pass_n that_o it_o can_v not_o long_o stand_v but_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o servitude_n and_o he_o that_o will_v look_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o confusion_n shall_v find_v all_o those_o causae_fw-la corrumpente_n or_o ruine_v cause_n which_o be_v note_v by_o aristotle_n to_o threaten_v the_o welfare_n of_o a_o state_n in_o the_o excess_n of_o pompey_n exorbitancy_n delphos_n for_o have_v nothing_o in_o a_o mean_a he_o hold_v all_o his_o fortune_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o nimium_fw-la and_o be_v overgrow_v first_o with_o too_o much_o honour_n second_o with_o too_o much_o wealth_n three_o with_o too_o much_o power_n whereby_o he_o exceed_v the_o proportion_n of_o his_o fellow-citizen_n and_o soblemish_v the_o beauty_n of_o that_o state_n who_o chief_a grace_n be_v in_o a_o suit_v equality_n machiav_n and_o add_v to_o these_o the_o convulsion_n of_o fear_n he_o make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o engage_v rome_n in_o a_o bloody_a war_n as_o have_v no_o other_o hope_n but_o in_o the_o confusion_n of_o arms._n it_o be_v say_v that_o at_o his_o arrival_n at_o mitylene_n he_o have_v much_o conference_n with_o cratippus_n who_o tully_n mention_v in_o his_o office_n wherein_o among_o other_o remonstrance_n the_o philosopher_n make_v it_o plain_a that_o his_o course_n of_o government_n have_v bring_v a_o necessity_n of_o change_v that_o state_n from_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o just_a monarchy_n approbart_n and_o such_o it_o sell_v to_o caesar_n fortune_n if_o there_o be_v any_o error_n commit_v in_o the_o seizure_n he_o may_v take_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o general_a pardon_n exemplify_v by_o trebellius_n pollio_n that_o no_o nation_n can_v show_v a_o man_n that_o be_v altogether_o blameless_a the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o egypt_n we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v cut_v off_o by_o death_n his_o captain_n lay_v hold_v upon_o such_o province_n and_o kingdom_n as_o be_v under_o their_o command_n among_o who_o one_o ptolemeus_a the_o son_n of_o lagus_n a_o macedonian_a seize_v upon_o egypt_n where_o he_o reign_v 40_o year_n and_o of_o he_o be_v all_o his_o successor_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ptolemy_n this_o first_o ptolemy_n possess_v himself_o of_o egypt_n about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n 3640_o which_o be_v 275_o year_n before_o pompey_n overthrow_n his_o son_n that_o succeed_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ptolemy_n philadelphus_n cause_v the_o bible_n to_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o hebrew_n into_o greek_a by_o 70_o interpreter_n which_o be_v call_v the_o septuagint_n and_o make_v the_o famous_a library_n which_o be_v burn_v in_o these_o war_n the_o father_n of_o this_o young_a ptolemy_n be_v the_o nine_o in_o succession_n from_o the_o first_o and_o at_o his_o death_n make_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n tutor_n to_o his_o child_n his_o elder_a son_n and_o cleopatra_n his_o daughter_n reign_v together_o six_o year_n but_o in_o the_o end_n fall_v to_o strife_n and_o war_n and_o be_v deep_o engage_v therein_o when_o pompey_n arrive_v but_o short_o after_o caesar_n so_o order_v the_o difference_n that_o he_o set_v the_o crown_n upon_o cleopatra_n head_n who_o hold_v it_o peaceable_o until_o she_o come_v to_o play_v that_o tragical_a part_n with_o antony_n which_o be_v end_v the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n concern_v this_o miserable_a end_n of_o pompey_n it_o be_v true_o say_v of_o seneca_n 67._o that_o death_n be_v alike_o to_o all_o for_o although_o the_o way_n be_v divers_a by_o which_o it_o happen_v yet_o they_o all_o meet_v in_o the_o same_o end_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o plutarch_n have_v describe_v particular_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o catastrophe_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o insert_v his_o relation_n thereof_o when_o pompey_n hear_v news_n that_o king_n ptolemy_n be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o pelusium_n with_o his_o army_n rompeii_n make_v war_n against_o his_o sister_n he_o go_v thither_o and_o send_v a_o messenger_n before_o unto_o the_o king_n to_o advertise_v he_o of_o his_o arrival_n and_o to_o entreat_v he_o to_o receive_v he_o king_n ptolemy_n be_v then_o but_o a_o young_a man_n insomuch_o that_o one_o photinus_n govern_v all_o the_o whole_a realm_n under_o he_o he_o assemble_v a_o
lie_v in_o garrison_n past_o eighteen_o day_n he_o draw_v the_o fourteen_o and_o sixteen_o legion_n out_o of_o garrison_n from_o the_o river_n arar_n where_o he_o have_v place_v they_o for_o the_o speedy_a purveiance_n of_o corn_n and_o victual_n as_o be_v show_v you_o in_o the_o last_o book_n and_o with_o those_o two_o legion_n go_v to_o prosecute_v the_o carnutes_n when_o our_o enemy_n hear_v of_o the_o come_n of_o our_o army_n the_o carnutes_n move_v with_o the_o calamity_n of_o other_o leave_v their_o town_n and_o village_n that_o they_o dwell_v in_o which_o they_o have_v make_v upon_o the_o sudden_a with_o little_a cottage_n for_o necessity_n sake_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o winter_n for_o since_o they_o be_v conquer_v of_o late_a they_o have_v loâ—â—_n many_o of_o their_o wall_a town_n and_o flee_v scatter_v abroad_o caesar_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o will_v not_o put_v his_o soldier_n to_o the_o abide_n of_o the_o unseasonable_a sharp_a storm_n which_o chief_o at_o that_o time_n fall_v encamp_v himself_o within_o genabum_n a_o town_n of_o the_o carnutes_n and_o house_v his_o soldier_n partly_o in_o the_o building_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o partly_o in_o such_o building_n as_o be_v unfinished_a they_o thatch_v in_o haste_n with_o the_o straw_n that_o be_v bring_v in_o to_o cover_v their_o tent_n and_o cabin_n nevertheless_o he_o send_v abroad_o his_o horseman_n and_o auxiliary_a footman_n into_o all_o part_n whither_o he_o hear_v his_o enemy_n resort_v and_o that_o be_v not_o in_o vain_a for_o common_o our_o man_n return_v ever_o with_o a_o great_a booty_n the_o carnutes_n be_v put_v to_o it_o with_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o danger_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o house_n and_o home_n and_o not_o dare_v to_o stay_v any_o where_o any_o long_a time_n the_o wood_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o bitterness_n of_o the_o storm_n be_v scatter_v abroad_o and_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o disperse_v into_o the_o next_o city_n chap._n ii_o the_o bellovaci_n and_o other_o state_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o corbeus_n and_o comius_n invade_v the_o suessiones_n caesar_n march_v against_o they_o caesar_n at_o that_o hard_a time_n of_o the_o year_n think_v it_o enough_o to_o disperse_v the_o power_n that_o be_v assemble_v to_o the_o intent_n no_o beginning_n of_o war_n may_v spring_v up_o and_o weigh_v how_o much_o it_o concern_v he_o to_o prevent_v any_o open_a war_n from_o break_v out_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o summer_n he_o place_v g._n trebonius_n in_o garrison_n at_o genabum_n with_o those_o two_o legion_n that_o he_o have_v there_o about_o he_o and_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v by_o often_o message_n certify_v from_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n that_o the_o bellovaci_n who_o excel_v all_o gall_n and_o the_o belgae_n also_o in_o military_a fame_n and_o the_o state_n adjoin_v unto_o they_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o corbeus_n of_o beanvoy_n and_o comius_n of_o arras_n levy_a man_n of_o war_n and_o assemble_v they_o into_o one_o place_n to_o the_o intent_n with_o their_o whole_a power_n to_o invade_v the_o border_n of_o the_o suessiones_n which_o be_v appertain_v to_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n think_v it_o stand_v not_o only_o upon_o his_o honour_n but_o also_o tend_v to_o his_o own_o security_n for_o the_o future_a to_o save_v his_o ally_n which_o have_v deserve_v well_o of_o the_o commonweal_n from_o displeasure_n and_o damage_n he_o call_v the_o eleven_o legion_n again_o out_o of_o garrison_n moreover_o he_o write_v to_o c._n fabius_n to_o bring_v the_o two_o legion_n that_o he_o have_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o suessiones_n and_o send_v for_o one_o of_o those_o two_o legion_n that_o be_v with_o t._n labienus_n so_o according_a as_o his_o garrison_n lay_v for_o the_o purpose_n and_o as_o the_o slate_n of_o the_o war_n require_v to_o his_o own_o continual_a trouble_n he_o put_v sometime_o one_o of_o his_o legion_n and_o sometime_o another_o to_o march_v from_o their_o quarter_n with_o this_o power_n that_o he_o have_v assemble_v he_o go_v against_o the_o bellovaci_n and_o encamp_v himself_o in_o their_o country_n send_v abroad_o his_o horseman_n into_o all_o quarter_n to_o glean_v up_o some_o of_o they_o by_o who_o mean_n he_o may_v learn_v what_o his_o enemy_n purpose_v to_o do_v his_o horseman_n do_v their_o duty_n bring_v word_n how_o few_o be_v find_v in_o the_o house_n and_o those_o not_o such_o as_o have_v stay_v behind_o to_o till_o the_o ground_n for_o they_o be_v purposely_o remove_v out_o of_o all_o place_n but_o such_o as_o have_v be_v send_v back_o again_o to_o spy_v of_o who_o caesar_n inquire_v in_o what_o place_n the_o force_n of_o the_o bellovaci_n be_v and_o what_o be_v their_o intent_n find_v that_o all_o the_o bellovaci_n be_v gather_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o that_o the_o ambiani_n aulerci_n caletes_n velocasses_n and_o attrebates_n have_v choose_v a_o very_a high_a ground_n to_o encamp_v in_o enclose_v with_o a_o troublesome_a marish_a and_o have_v convey_v all_o their_o stuff_n into_o wood_n that_o be_v far_o off_o of_o the_o which_o war_n there_o be_v many_o nobleman_n that_o be_v ringleader_n but_o the_o multitude_n obey_v corbeus_n chief_o because_o they_o understand_v that_o he_o hate_v most_o the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o comius_n of_o arras_n be_v a_o few_o day_n before_o go_v to_o fetch_v aid_n of_o the_o german_n who_o be_v their_o next_o neighbour_n and_o swarm_v in_o multitude_n of_o people_n he_o learn_v moreover_o at_o their_o hand_n that_o the_o bellovaci_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o nobleman_n at_o the_o earnest_a instance_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v determine_v if_o caesar_n come_v as_o it_o be_v say_v he_o will_v but_o with_o three_o legion_n to_o offer_v he_o battle_n lest_o afterward_o to_o more_o disadvantage_n and_o hindrance_n they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o encounter_v with_o his_o whole_a host_n and_o if_o he_o bring_v a_o great_a power_n with_o he_o then_o to_o keep_v themselves_o still_o in_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o they_o have_v choose_v and_o by_o ambush_n to_o keep_v the_o roman_n from_o forage_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v scarce_o and_o also_o lie_v scatter_v and_o from_o corn_n and_o other_o victual_n and_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o army_n the_o which_o thing_n when_o caesar_n understand_v by_o the_o concur_v report_n of_o many_o consider_v how_o still_o of_o wisdom_n this_o project_n be_v and_o how_o far_o from_o the_o rashness_n that_o the_o barbarous_a people_n be_v wont_a to_o use_v he_o determine_v to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o intent_n his_o enemy_n disdain_v his_o small_a company_n shall_v make_v the_o more_o haste_n to_o come_v into_o the_o field_n for_o he_o have_v three_o old_a practise_v legion_n the_o seven_o eight_o and_o nine_o of_o singular_a valour_n and_o prowess_n and_o the_o eleven_o which_o be_v of_o choose_a young_a man_n of_o great_a hope_n and_o towardness_n which_o have_v at_o that_o time_n receive_v eight_o year_n wage_n be_v notwithstanding_o look_v upon_o as_o not_o comparable_a to_o the_o other_o three_o either_o for_o stand_v or_o for_o valour_n and_o courage_n wherefore_o summon_v a_o assembly_n and_o there_o declare_v all_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v report_v unto_o he_o he_o confirm_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o common_a soldier_n if_o peradventure_o with_o the_o number_n of_o three_o legion_n he_o may_v draw_v out_o his_o enemy_n to_o fight_v with_o he_o in_o the_o field_n he_o set_v his_o battle_n in_o this_o order_n the_o seven_o eight_o and_o nine_o legion_n go_v before_o the_o carriage_n and_o the_o eleven_o close_v in_o the_o rear_n thereof_o the_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v but_o small_a as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o such_o expedition_n and_o this_o he_o do_v lest_o the_o enemy_n shall_v find_v a_o great_a number_n than_o they_o expect_v by_o this_o mean_n in_o a_o square_a battle_n almost_o he_o bring_v his_o host_n in_o sight_n of_o his_o enemy_n soon_o than_o they_o look_v for_o he_o when_o the_o gall_n behold_v these_o legion_n so_o sudden_o set_v in_o order_n march_v towards_o they_o apace_o as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o a_o pitch_a field_n whereas_o it_o be_v report_v to_o caesar_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o carry_v on_o their_o business_n with_o confident_a boldness_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o encounter_n or_o the_o suddenness_n of_o our_o come_n or_o that_o they_o look_v to_o see_v what_o we_o intend_v to_o do_v they_o set_v themselves_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n before_o their_o camp_n and_o will_v not_o descend_v from_o the_o high_a ground_n albeit_o that_o caesar_n be_v
high_a a_o hill_n to_o climb_v up_o unto_o they_o and_o yet_o he_o think_v to_o come_v so_o near_o they_o with_o his_o host_n as_o that_o they_o may_v not_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v without_o danger_n our_o man_n be_v hard_o at_o hand_n ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o they_o therefore_o whereas_o he_o perceive_v that_o the_o troublesome_a marish_a part_a camp_n from_o camp_n the_o difficult_a passage_n whereof_o may_v hinder_v the_o speedy_a pursuit_n of_o our_o enemy_n and_o that_o the_o same_o ridge_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o go_v from_o the_o far_a side_n of_o the_o marish_a almost_o to_o the_o camp_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v part_v from_o their_o say_a camp_n with_o a_o small_a valley_n he_o make_v bridge_n over_o the_o marish_a and_o pass_v over_o his_o army_n get_v quick_o into_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o say_a ridge_n the_o which_o on_o two_o side_n be_v fortify_v with_o a_o steep_a descent_n there_o embattel_v his_o man_n he_o come_v to_o the_o far_a end_n of_o the_o ridge_n and_o order_v his_o battle_n in_o such_o a_o place_n from_o whence_o with_o a_o engine_n artillery_n may_v be_v shoot_v among_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n the_o gall_n trust_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n when_o they_o will_v neither_o have_v refuse_v the_o encounter_n if_o perchance_o the_o roman_n shall_v have_v adventure_v up_o the_o hill_n against_o they_o nor_o yet_o dare_v by_o little_a and_o little_o diminish_v their_o battle_n by_o sever_n themselves_o lest_o when_o they_o have_v be_v out_o of_o array_n they_o may_v hap_v to_o have_v be_v set_v upon_o keep_v themselves_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n who_o wilfulness_n caesar_n perceive_v keep_v twenty_o cohort_n in_o a_o readiness_n and_o pitch_v his_o tent_n in_o the_o same_o place_n command_v his_o camp_n shall_v be_v fortify_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o work_n be_v finish_v he_o set_v his_o legion_n in_o array_n before_o the_o rampire_n and_o appoint_v the_o horseman_n to_o their_o stand_n with_o their_o horse_n ready_a bridle_v when_o the_o bellovaci_n see_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o readiness_n to_o pursue_v they_o and_o that_o themselves_o can_v not_o without_o peril_n either_o lodge_v that_o night_n or_o continue_v any_o long_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o they_o be_v they_o devise_v this_o shift_n to_o recover_v themselves_o in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v set_v together_o for_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o caesar_n former_a commentary_n how_o the_o gall_n be_v wont_a to_o sit_v down_o in_o the_o battle_n they_o receive_v from_o hand_n to_o hand_n one_o of_o another_o bundle_n of_o straw_n and_o faggot_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a store_n in_o their_o camp_n and_o cast_v it_o all_o on_o a_o heap_n before_o their_o battle_n and_o in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o day_n at_o a_o watchword_n that_o be_v give_v they_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n all_o at_o one_o instant_a by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o continual_a flame_n sudden_o take_v away_o the_o sight_n of_o all_o their_o army_n from_o the_o roman_n and_o therewithal_o the_o savage_a gall_n flee_v away_o as_o fast_o as_o their_o leg_n can_v bear_v they_o albeit_o that_o caesar_n can_v not_o perceive_v the_o depart_n of_o his_o enemy_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o flame_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o suspect_v it_o to_o be_v a_o deceit_n practise_v by_o they_o that_o they_o may_v the_o safe_o fly_v away_o he_o march_v his_o footman_n forward_o and_o send_v his_o â—orsemen_n to_o pursue_v they_o howbeit_o for_o fear_n of_o treachery_n in_o the_o business_n lest_o perhaps_o his_o enemy_n shall_v abide_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o only_o draw_v we_o forth_o into_o a_o ground_n of_o disadvantage_n he_o go_v the_o slow_a pace_n his_o horseman_n fear_v to_o venture_v into_o the_o smoke_n and_o thick_a flame_n and_o if_o any_o be_v so_o resolute_a as_o to_o enter_v it_o they_o can_v scarce_o see_v the_o forepart_n of_o their_o own_o horse_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v entrap_v give_v the_o bellovaci_n free_a liberty_n to_o recover_v themselves_o whither_o they_o will_v thus_o our_o enemy_n by_o their_o flight_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o fear_n and_o subtlety_n escape_v without_o any_o loss_n go_v but_o ten_o mile_n off_o and_o encamp_v themselves_o in_o a_o very_a advantageous_a ground_n from_o whence_o by_o lay_v ambush_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n in_o divers_a place_n they_o do_v the_o roman_n great_a displeasure_n as_o they_o go_v a_o forage_n after_o this_o have_v happen_v many_o and_o sundry_a time_n caesar_n learn_v of_o a_o captive_a that_o corbeus_n captain_n of_o the_o bellovaci_n have_v choose_v out_o of_o his_o whole_a host_n six_o thousand_o of_o the_o valiant_a footman_n and_o a_o thousand_o horseman_n which_o he_o have_v lay_v in_o ambush_n in_o the_o same_o place_n whether_o for_o the_o plenty_n of_o provision_n and_o corn_n that_o be_v there_o he_o judge_v the_o roman_n will_v send_v to_o forage_v this_o be_v know_v caesar_n bring_v forth_o more_o legion_n then_o usual_a and_o send_v his_o horseman_n before_o as_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v to_o safe-conduct_n his_o forager_n among_o they_o he_o mingle_v for_o their_o assistance_n many_o light-armed_n footman_n and_o himself_o with_o his_o legion_n follow_v as_o near_o as_o possible_o he_o may_v the_o enemy_n that_o be_v lay_v in_o ambush_n have_v choose_v a_o field_n for_o their_o purpose_n not_o above_o a_o mile_n over_o every_o way_n environ_v round_o about_o either_o with_o cumbersome_a wood_n or_o else_o a_o very_a deep_a river_n beset_v it_o with_o their_o ambushment_n as_o it_o have_v be_v with_o a_o toil_n our_o man_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v privy_a to_o the_o design_n of_o their_o enemy_n beforehand_o be_v ready_a both_o with_o heart_n and_o hand_n to_o fight_v see_v their_o legion_n follow_v hard_o after_o they_o will_v refuse_v no_o encounter_n but_o go_v rank_n by_o rank_n down_o into_o the_o say_a place_n at_o who_o come_v corbeus_n think_v a_o occasion_n of_o do_v some_o good_a to_o be_v fall_v into_o his_o hand_n first_o discover_v himself_o with_o a_o small_a number_n and_o give_v charge_n upon_o the_o next_o troop_n our_o man_n stout_o withstand_v the_o brunt_n &_o flock_v not_o many_o into_o one_o place_n at_o once_o which_o in_o skirmish_n of_o horse_n be_v wont_n common_o to_o happen_v through_o fear_n and_o their_o cluster_v together_o turn_v to_o their_o own_o loss_n they_o be_v thus_o engage_v in_o small_a party_n and_o have_v a_o care_n still_o that_o their_o fellow_n shall_v not_o be_v circumvent_v the_o rest_n break_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n while_o corbeus_n be_v fight_v then_o be_v the_o encounter_n hot_a and_o doubtful_a after_o it_o have_v continue_v indifferent_a a_o good_a space_n by_o little_a and_o little_o come_v their_o footman_n in_o array_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n which_o compel_v our_o horseman_n to_o give_v back_o but_o they_o be_v quick_o relieve_v again_o by_o the_o light-armed_n footman_n which_o as_o be_v say_v be_v send_v before_o our_o legion_n who_o be_v intermix_v among_o the_o horseman_n fight_v stout_o the_o encounter_n continue_v a_o good_a while_n doubtful_a but_o as_o the_o course_n of_o war_n require_v they_o that_o have_v withstand_v the_o first_o brunt_n of_o they_o that_o lie_v in_o ambush_n for_o they_o have_v thus_o much_o the_o advantage_n that_o they_o receive_v not_o unaware_o any_o foil_n at_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n our_o legion_n draw_v near_o and_o divers_a messenger_n bring_v word_n both_o to_o our_o man_n and_o to_o our_o enemy_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o general_n be_v at_o hand_n with_o his_o army_n in_o battle_n array_n which_o thing_n be_v know_v our_o horseman_n trust_v to_o the_o help_n of_o the_o cohort_n lay_v about_o they_o very_o eager_o lest_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v delay_v the_o matter_n they_o may_v have_v give_v the_o footman_n part_v of_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o victory_n upon_o this_o our_o enemy_n heart_n begin_v to_o fail_v and_o they_o seek_v to_o fly_v by_o several_a way_n but_o all_o be_v in_o vain_a for_o by_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o same_o place_n in_o which_o they_o will_v have_v enclose_v the_o roman_n be_v they_o themselves_o take_v tardy_a and_o can_v not_o get_v out_o notwithstanding_o be_v vanquish_v and_o altogether_o out_o of_o heart_n when_o they_o have_v lose_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o company_n like_o man_n amaze_v they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o â—light_n and_o some_o make_v towards_o the_o wood_n other_o towards_o the_o river_n where_o be_v overtake_v by_o our_o man_n that_o follow_v eager_o after_o they_o they_o be_v all_o slay_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n corbeus_n who_o heart_n can_v by_o no_o
to_o compel_v they_o chap._n vii_o a_o new_a waâ—_n raise_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o pictones_n c._n fabius_n put_v to_o flight_v the_o force_n of_o dumnacus_n subdue_v the_o carnutes_n and_o areâ—orici_n in_o the_o mean_a season_n c._n caninius_n the_o legate_n understand_v by_o the_o messenger_n and_o letter_n of_o duracius_n who_o have_v continue_v always_o firm_a to_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o enemy_n be_v assemble_v in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o pictones_n forasmuch_o as_o a_o part_n of_o that_o city_n have_v renounce_v their_o obedience_n go_v to_o the_o town_n of_o lemovicum_fw-la when_o he_o come_v near_o the_o town_n and_o understand_v by_o his_o prisoner_n â—ow_o that_o dumnacus_n captain_n of_o the_o andes_n with_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n have_v enclose_v duracius_n and_o that_o lemovicum_fw-la be_v besiege_v he_o dare_v not_o with_o his_o weak_a legion_n adventure_v upon_o his_o enemy_n but_o pitch_v his_o camp_n in_o a_o advantageous_a ground_n dumnacus_n hear_v of_o the_o approach_n of_o caninius_n turn_v all_o his_o power_n against_o the_o roman_a legion_n determine_v to_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o their_o camp_n after_o he_o have_v spend_v many_o day_n in_o the_o assault_n and_o have_v lose_v many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o yet_o can_v not_o break_v down_o any_o part_n of_o their_o fortification_n he_o return_v again_o to_o besiege_v leâ—ovicum_n at_o the_o same_o time_n c._n fabius_n receive_v many_o city_n by_o composition_n and_o assure_v they_o with_o hostage_n and_o be_v advertise_v by_o caninius_n letter_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v among_o the_o pictones_n upon_o the_o knowledge_n whereof_o he_o set_v forth_o to_o rescue_n duracius_n but_o dumnacus_n understand_v of_o fabius_n come_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o think_v he_o shall_v hazard_v the_o lose_v all_o if_o at_o once_o he_o shall_v be_v compel_v both_o to_o abide_v the_o roman_n his_o enemy_n without_o and_o also_o to_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o and_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o the_o town_n retire_a sudden_o with_o all_o his_o force_n from_o the_o place_n and_o can_v not_o think_v himself_o to_o be_v sufficient_o in_o safety_n before_o he_o have_v pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n loire_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o greatness_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v pass_v by_o a_o bridge_n and_o not_o otherwise_o although_o fabius_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v within_o fight_n of_o his_o enemy_n not_o have_v join_v with_o caninius_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v thorough_o inform_v by_o such_o as_o know_v the_o coast_n of_o the_o country_n he_o suspect_v that_o his_o enemy_n will_v take_v that_o way_n which_o they_o do_v therefore_o he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o the_o say_a bridge_n where_o his_o enemy_n have_v pass_v and_o command_v his_o horseman_n to_o go_v no_o far_o before_o the_o footman_n then_o that_o they_o may_v upon_o occasion_n reâ—iâ—e_n into_o the_o same_o camp_n without_o tire_v their_o horse_n our_o horse_n aâ—_n be_v command_v they_o overtake_v the_o host_n of_o dumnacus_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o assault_v they_o fly_v and_o amaze_v as_o they_o march_v with_o their_o luggage_n at_o their_o back_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n and_o take_v a_o great_a prey_n and_o so_o with_o good_a success_n retire_v into_o their_o camp_n the_o night_n follow_v fabius_n send_v his_o horseman_n before_o so_o provide_v that_o they_o may_v encounter_v the_o enemy_n and_o stay_v all_o the_o whole_a army_n until_o he_o shall_v overtake_v they_o q._n atius_n varus_n the_o commander_n of_o the_o horse_n a_o man_n of_o sinlar_a courage_n and_o wisdom_n have_v encourage_v his_o man_n and_o overtake_v the_o body_n of_o his_o enemy_n dispose_v certain_a of_o his_o troop_n in_o place_n convenient_a and_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o horseman_n give_v charge_n upon_o his_o enemy_n the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n fight_v so_o much_o the_o more_o bold_o because_o their_o foot_n be_v ready_a to_o assist_v they_o who_o be_v mingle_v through_o the_o whole_a army_n as_o often_o as_o occasion_n be_v do_v succour_v they_o against_o our_o man_n the_o encounter_n be_v very_o sharp_a for_o our_o man_n despise_v they_o who_o they_o have_v vanquish_v the_o day_n before_o and_o remember_v that_o the_o legion_n follow_v at_o their_o heel_n ashamed_a to_o give_v ground_n and_o desirous_a to_o get_v the_o day_n before_o their_o come_n fight_v very_o valiant_o against_o the_o footman_n on_o the_o other_o side_n our_o enemy_n believe_v that_o no_o great_a force_n of_o we_o be_v behind_o according_a as_o they_o have_v see_v the_o day_n before_o think_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n offer_v they_o to_o destroy_v our_o cavalry_n utter_o when_o they_o have_v fight_v a_o good_a while_n very_o eager_o dumnacus_n make_v a_o battle_n to_o relieve_v his_o cavalry_n when_o occasion_n shall_v be_v but_o on_o the_o sudden_a our_o enemy_n espy_v our_o legion_n come_v up_o close_o together_o at_o the_o sight_n of_o who_o their_o horse_n be_v strike_v into_o such_o a_o fear_n and_o the_o foot_n so_o amaze_v that_o break_v through_o their_o carriage_n with_o great_a clamour_n and_o confusion_n they_o betake_v themselves_o every_o where_o to_o flight_n then_o our_o cavalry_n who_o a_o little_a before_o have_v their_o hand_n full_a be_v hearten_v with_o joy_n of_o the_o victory_n raise_v a_o great_a shout_n on_o all_o side_n and_o cast_v themselves_o among_o they_o as_o they_o flee_v make_v slaughter_n of_o they_o as_o far_o as_o their_o horse_n breath_n will_v serve_v to_o pursue_v they_o and_o their_o arm_n be_v able_a to_o strike_v they_o insomuch_o that_o have_v slay_v above_o twelve_o thousand_o man_n arm_v and_o such_o as_o for_o fear_n have_v cast_v away_o their_o arm_n they_o take_v all_o their_o carriage_n none_o escape_v out_o of_o the_o which_o chase_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v certain_o know_v that_o drape_v the_o senon_n be_v escape_v who_o when_o gallia_n first_o begin_v to_o rebel_v gather_v to_o he_o man_n of_o desperate_a fortune_n out_o of_o all_o place_n set_v bondman_n at_o liberty_n entertain_v outlaw_n of_o all_o country_n and_o receive_v highway_n thief_n have_v cut_v off_o the_o carriage_n and_o victual_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v go_v towards_o the_o province_n with_o five_o thousand_o man_n at_o the_o most_o which_o he_o have_v rally_v after_o the_o chase_n and_o that_o luterius_fw-la of_o cahors_n join_v himself_o with_o he_o who_o in_o the_o former_a commentary_n be_v say_v to_o have_v attempt_v a_o invasion_n of_o the_o province_n at_o the_o first_o insurrection_n of_o gallia_n caninius_n the_o legate_n with_o two_o legion_n pursue_v after_o they_o lest_o some_o great_a dishonour_n may_v be_v receive_v by_o those_o loose_a fellow_n terrify_v and_o harrase_v the_o province_n c._n fabius_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n go_v against_o the_o carnutes_n and_o the_o other_o state_n who_o power_n he_o know_v to_o 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testify_v venture_v himself_o upon_o the_o fire_n &_o the_o weapon_n of_o his_o enemy_n caesar_n when_o he_o see_v many_o of_o his_o man_n wound_v command_v his_o cohort_n to_o climb_v up_o the_o hill_n on_o all_o side_n of_o the_o town_n and_o to_o raise_v a_o shout_n as_o if_o they_o purpose_v to_o scale_v the_o wall_n wherewith_o the_o townsman_n be_v fright_v forasmuch_o as_o they_o know_v not_o what_o be_v do_v in_o other_o place_n call_v back_o their_o man_n from_o assault_v our_o work_n and_o place_v they_o upon_o the_o wall_n so_o our_o man_n have_v respite_n from_o fight_v do_v quick_o either_o quench_v the_o work_n that_o be_v on_o fire_n or_o else_o cut_v they_o off_o from_o the_o rest_n the_o townsman_n stubborn_o stand_v out_o though_o they_o have_v lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o man_n by_o thirst_n and_o continue_v still_o unanimous_o resolve_v at_o length_n the_o vein_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v cut_v off_o within_o the_o ground_n by_o mine_n and_o turn_v 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by_o the_o punishment_n of_o these_o and_o therefore_o he_o cut_v off_o the_o hand_n of_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n and_o let_v they_o live_v still_o that_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o wicked_a man_n may_v be_v more_o manifest_a to_o the_o world_n chap._n x._o drape_n die_v luterius_fw-la bring_v to_o caesar_n labienus_n good_a success_n against_o the_o treviri_n caesar_n after_o his_o expedition_n into_o aquitania_n put_v his_o army_n into_o winter-quarter_n drape_n who_o i_o declare_v to_o have_v be_v take_v by_o caninius_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o vexation_n and_o grief_n that_o he_o be_v in_o band_n or_o for_o fear_n of_o more_o heavy_a punishment_n fast_v a_o few_o day_n from_o meat_n and_o so_o starve_v at_o the_o same_o time_n luterius_fw-la that_o escape_v by_o flight_n from_o the_o battle_n as_o i_o show_v before_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o epasnactus_fw-la the_o arvernian_a for_o in_o often_o shift_v from_o place_n to_o place_n he_o 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in_o the_o rear_n who_o as_o in_o his_o proper_a place_n see_v all_o thing_n execute_v according_o as_o the_o captain_n shall_v command_v it_o shall_v be_v unpossible_a to_o perform_v any_o thing_n herein_o unless_o first_o every_o one_o do_v exact_o observe_v his_o leader_n and_o his_o sideman_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v often_o command_v keep_v your_o file_n keep_v your_o rank_n of_o march_n in_o champain_n there_o need_v no_o great_a labour_n to_o marshal_v particular_a troop_n for_o their_o after-marche_n champain_n because_o they_o may_v march_v either_o by_o whole_a division_n observe_v only_o their_o course_n of_o indifferency_n that_o every_o division_n may_v every_o three_o day_n have_v the_o vanguard_n or_o else_o in_o such_o form_n and_o fashion_n as_o the_o general_n have_v propose_v for_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n according_a as_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o expect_a enemy_n shall_v give_v occasion_n but_o because_o all_o country_n will_v not_o afford_v a_o 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offend_v or_o defend_v as_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o right_a flank_n with_o the_o first_o and_o five_o rank_n and_o the_o leave_v with_o the_o six_o and_o ten_o rank_n if_o occasion_n afterward_o shall_v be_v give_v of_o a_o halt_n in_o a_o champain_n or_o before_o the_o quarter_a front_n the_o captain_n command_v first_o unto_o all_o they_o be_v first_o close_v into_o their_o order_n face_n as_o you_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o half_a file_n face_n about_o and_o march_v out_o and_o fall_v again_o upon_o your_o file_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o division_n become_v again_o reduce_v into_o the_o same_o front_n and_o fashion_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o transform_v ready_a to_o encounter_v a_o enemy_n or_o to_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o quarter_n when_o pike_n be_v to_o charge_v pike_n in_o a_o champain_n pike_n it_o use_v to_o be_v perform_v two_o several_a way_n first_o the_o whole_a division_n be_v command_v into_o their_o close_a order_n the_o five_o first_o rank_n charge_v their_o pike_n every_o follower_n over_o his_o leader_n shoulder_n direct_v his_o pike_n as_o equal_o as_o he_o can_v only_o &_o the_o first_o rank_n shall_v have_v three_o foot_n of_o his_o pike_n over_o the_o foremost_a shoulder_n the_o other_o five_o rank_n with_o their_o pike_n advance_v follow_v close_o up_o in_o the_o rear_n either_o ready_a to_o second_v the_o foremost_a or_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o rear_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v depth_n otherwise_o and_o most_o usual_a when_o the_o whole_a depth_n of_o the_o file_n throughout_o the_o division_n shall_v charge_v together_o all_o fast_o lock_v and_o unite_v together_o and_o therefore_o most_o able_a to_o make_v the_o strong_a shock_n offensive_a or_o defensive_a provide_v always_o that_o none_o mingle_v their_o pike_n in_o other_o file_n but_o the_o whole_a file_n one_o in_o another_o shoulder_n in_o charge_v with_o musketeer_n it_o be_v observe_v no_o way_n convenient_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v too_o many_o in_o a_o rank_n musketeer_n or_o that_o the_o rank_n shall_v be_v too_o long_o for_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v command_v to_o advance_v ten_o pace_n before_o the_o second_o and_o then_o to_o discharge_v and_o wheel_a either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n fall_v into_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o the_o second_o advance_v to_o the_o same_o distance_n discharge_v and_o wheel_v as_o before_o and_o likewise_o the_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o as_o long_o as_o the_o officer_n shall_v be_v command_v which_o shall_v not_o so_o well_o be_v perform_v the_o rank_n be_v extraordinary_a long_o rank_n because_o it_o will_v require_v so_o long_a a_o time_n to_o wheel_n from_o the_o front_n that_o the_o second_o may_v succeed_v unless_o by_o direction_n the_o rank_n may_v divide_v itself_o the_o one_o half_a to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a in_o wheel_v to_o the_o rear_n in_o the_o retreat_n the_o whole_a rank_n have_v turn_v 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and_o the_o three_o so_o long_o as_o the_o enemy_n shall_v continue_v there_o be_v a_o continual_a discharge_n by_o file_n as_o before_o by_o rank_n ireland_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o pase_n of_o ireland_n meet_v with_o a_o irregular_a enemy_n where_o they_o use_v to_o intermingle_v their_o file_n of_o shot_n with_o pike_n that_o the_o one_o may_v be_v a_o defence_n for_o the_o other_o when_o the_o enemy_n shall_v come_v up_o to_o the_o sword_n as_o they_o use_v there_o very_o often_o how_o direction_n be_v deliver_v in_o the_o war_n all_o direction_n in_o the_o war_n have_v ever_o be_v deliver_v either_o by_o sign_n subject_a to_o the_o eye_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o drum_n or_o some_o such_o warlike_a instrument_n sign_n concern_v those_o visible_a sign_n display_v unto_o the_o soldier_n the_o fall_n of_o mist_n the_o raise_n of_o dust_n shower_n of_o rain_n &_o snow_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n hilly_a uneven_a and_o crooked_a passage_n by_o long_a experience_n have_v find_v they_o to_o be_v most_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a as_o also_o because_o as_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o invent_v different_a sign_n upon_o all_o sudden_a occasion_n so_o it_o be_v almost_o a_o impossibility_n that_o the_o common_a soldier_n who_o oftentimes_o be_v find_v scarce_o capable_a of_o the_o understanding_n of_o plain_a word_n distinct_o pronounce_v shall_v both_o apprehend_v and_o understand_v sudden_o and_o execute_v direct_o the_o true_a sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o his_o commander_n sign_n the_o drum_n and_o trumpet_n be_v yet_o use_v trumpet_n but_o because_o many_o different_a sound_n be_v not_o easy_o distinguish_v in_o soldier_n understanding_n without_o some_o danger_n of_o confusion_n we_o only_o command_v by_o the_o inarticulate_a sound_n to_o arm_v to_o march_v to_o troup_n to_o
answer_n to_o the_o three_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n imperator_n 3._o annâ—l_n phil._n 14._o lib._n 2_o epist_n 9_o caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n lib._n 15._o â—aâ—_n cicero_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n lib._n â—_o plin._n lib._n 10_o caesar_n caesar_n tacit._n 12._o annal._n caesar_n caesar_n either_o cambray_n amienâ—_n or_o s._n quintin_n caesar_n caesar_n lib._n 9_o annal._n â—_o 〈◊〉_d câ—â—sar_n lib._n 20_o caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n cambray_n caesar_n brittany_n franckfort_n caesar_n polyb._n lib._n 6._o thirteen_o pound_n sterling_a or_o thereabouts_o horace_n reinforcing_a of_o troop_n decay_v caesar_n caesar_n part_v of_o the_o diocese_n of_o colen_n colen_n to_o arm_v arm_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d exemplary_a justice_n upon_o extraordinary_a service_n the_o soldier_n extraordinary_o reward_v lib._n 1._o civil_a bell_n caesar_n the_o benefit_n and_o use_n of_o â—ouncelâ—_n and_o parliament_n the_o french_a be_v better_a horseman_n than_o footman_n not_o to_o misspend_v the_o time_n in_o unnecessary_a service_n caesar_n caesar_n opinion_n of_o ally_n and_o associate_n chap._n 10._o caesar_n com._n 3._o cap._n 8._o the_o duty_n of_o a_o general_n 〈◊〉_d battle_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 6._o battle_n of_o newport_n in_o the_o life_n of_o caesar_n the_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o a_o shoâ—t_o take_v up_o in_o a_o charge_n or_o assault_v lib._n 1._o lib._n 2._o lib._n 3._o civil_a lib._n 1._o lib._n 3._o cap._n 18._o in_o marius_n life_n caesar_n bridges_n brancatio_fw-la lib._n 5._o whether_o man_n wit_n be_v sharp_a and_o ready_a thâ—n_n in_o former_a time_n polyhymi_n herodot_n hist_o â—_o caesar_n faction_n and_o party_n lib._n 2._o caesar_n potestas_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o necis_fw-la england_n druid_n england_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o curious_a and_o artificial_a work_n oxford_n &_o cambridge_n caesar_n the_o begin_n of_o the_o day_n diverse_o observe_v plutarch_n caesar_n their_o 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detrimenti_fw-la capiat_fw-la gallia_n cisalpina_n &_o transâ—lpina_n caesar_n caesar_n orleans_n the_o 〈◊〉_d hooboub_v caesar_n there_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o proportion_n of_o quality_n between_o a_o commander_n and_o his_o soldier_n muâ—â—_n mariani_n such_o a_o master_n such_o a_o servant_n liâ—ie_n caesar_n to_o abuse_v a_o enemy_n by_o way_n of_o stratagem_n commendable_a in_o a_o commander_n commander_n aveugle_n aveugle_n la_fw-fr montagne_fw-fr de_fw-fr geneve_n vitâ—_n caesaris_fw-la plut._n crassus_n caesar_n clermont_n in_o auvergne_n caesar_n go_v always_o provide_v of_o four_o thing_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o 〈◊〉_d comment_fw-fr 3._o comment_fw-fr â—_o caesar_n the_o mean_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v to_o weaken_v a_o enemy_n caesar_n caesar_n ville_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d en_fw-fr la_fw-fr franche_fw-mi conte_z conte_z orâ—â—â—ns_n orâ—â—â—ns_n noyon_n it_o be_v a_o hard_a 〈…〉_z follow_v a_o business_n to_o hit_v that_o course_n which_o may_v most_o advantage_n it_o lib._n 4._o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o fabius_n servus_n a_o 〈◊〉_d polit._n 1_o iliâ—d_n 10._o caesar_n patience_n in_o a_o soldier_n excel_v valour_n liv._o lib._n 6._o plut._n crassus_n boteras_fw-la di_fw-it principe_fw-la caesar_n the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n do_v countervail_v the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n caesar_n horace_n whether_o severity_n oâ—_n clemency_n do_v more_o avail_v in_o govern_v a_o multitude_n caesar_n the_o use_n and_o practice_n of_o ancient_a time_n in_o besiege_v and_o defend_v town_n the_o manner_n of_o fortification_n in_o use_n in_o these_o day_n fortification_n define_v circular_a fort_n triangular_a fort_n quadrangle_n fort_n five-sided_n and_o six-sided_n fortress_n fort_n in_o a_o plain_a level_n advantage_n disadvantage_n fort_n upon_o a_o hill_n advantage_n disadvantage_n the_o hand_n of_o all_o fort_n caesar_n whether_o there_o need_v not_o as_o many_o man_n to_o defend_v a_o town_n as_o to_o besiege_v it_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o town_n consist_v in_o four_o point_n the_o eye_n of_o the_o master_n feed_v the_o horse_n caesar_n the_o gall_n in_o the_o beginning_n be_v more_o than_o man_n and_o in_o the_o end_n less_o than_o woman_n a_o general_n must_v not_o put_v necessity_n upon_o a_o enemy_n revolter_n be_v in_o the_o condition_n both_o of_o a_o enemy_n and_o of_o a_o offendor_n caesar_n a_o great_a commander_n must_v have_v a_o great_a courage_n homo_fw-la quadratus_fw-la plutarch_n paulus_n aemilia_n plutarch_n it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o a_o counsel_n in_o a_o state_n holinshead_n ut_fw-la felicitas_fw-la rerum_fw-la gestarum_fw-la exercitus_fw-la benevolentiam_fw-la imperatoribus_fw-la ita_fw-la res_fw-la adversae_fw-la odia_fw-la conciliant_fw-la lib._n 3._o bell_n civ_o caesar_n archery_n archery_n thing_n considerable_a touch_v archery_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o fiften_v the_o english_a bowman_n do_v common_o shoot_v a_o arrow_n of_o a_o yard_n long_o beside_o the_o head_n it_o be_v not_o so_o profitable_a to_o intermingle_v bowman_n with_o other_o sort_n of_o weapon_n as_o to_o put_v they_o all_o into_o one_o body_n body_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cressie_n the_o black_a prince_n lead_v the_o vauward_n have_v the_o archer_n stand_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o hearse_n holinshed_a the_o archery_n work_v two_o effect_n 1._o gall_v the_o enemy_n plut._n crassus_n 2._o disorder_n the_o battle_n of_o cressie_n the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n harquebuse_v and_o musket_n how_o far_o a_o wing_n of_o shot_n prevail_v how_o far_o a_o sleeve_n of_o archer_n be_v available_a against_o a_o enemy_n genesis_n 27._o 3._o caesar_n non_fw-la minor_fw-la est_fw-la virtus_fw-la quam_fw-la quaeâ—â—re_fw-la pâ—â—ta_fw-la tuerk_n caesar_n the_o mean_n which_o caesar_n use_v to_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n elaver_n demptis_fw-la quartis_fw-la quibusque_fw-la cohortibus_fw-la caesar_n gratia_n oneri_fw-la ultio_fw-la in_o quaestu_fw-la habetur_fw-la seneca_n a_o multitude_n be_v easy_o abuse_v by_o false_a suggestion_n phaedo_fw-la platonis_fw-la caesar_n evocati_fw-la who_o they_o be_v caesar_n over_o ill_a act_n beget_v another_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n do_v embrace_v all_o mean_n of_o innovation_n sallust_n in_o the_o conspiracy_n of_o catiline_n caesar_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o begin_v a_o work_n then_o to_o quit_v it_o again_o with_o râ—edit_n livy_n some_o service_n be_v res_fw-la occasionis_fw-la non_fw-la praelii_fw-la caesar_n it_o be_v honourable_a for_o soldier_n to_o keep_v their_o direction_n institution_n of_o cyrus_n â—â—â—sar_n caesar_n reparation_n of_o honour_n what_o it_o be_v plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o marcellus_n lib._n 3._o bell_n civil_a post_fw-la pugnaâ—_n dyrrachianam_fw-la caesar_n neque_fw-la satis_fw-la militibus_fw-la perterritis_fw-la confidebat_fw-la spatiumque_fw-la interponendum_fw-la ad_fw-la recrcandos_fw-mi animos_fw-la putabat_fw-la caesar_n the_o change_n which_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o hedui_n make_v in_o gallia_n caesar_n he_o that_o will_v do_v thing_n well_o must_v vary_v with_o the_o time_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o fabius_n caesar_n necessary_a for_o a_o general_n to_o understand_v the_o purpose_n of_o the_o enem_n holinshetd_a henry_n 〈◊〉_d the_o fit_a age_n of_o life_n for_o a_o general_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o sectorius_n hist_o 3._o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o marius_n caesar_n three_o chief_a mean_n to_o win_v man_n to_o favour_v a_o matter_n 1._o favour_n or_o friendship_n 2._o authority_n 3._o money_n caesar_n whether_o the_o cavalry_n or_o infantry_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n and_o use_n in_o a_o war_n footman_n fit_a â—o_o more_o service_n than_o horseman_n the_o main_a stroke_n in_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n be_v give_v by_o the_o footman_n the_o use_n of_o horseman_n the_o dictator_n forbid_v the_o use_n of_o a_o horse_n in_o the_o war_n and_o why_o caesar_n one_o event_n be_v not_o so_o certain_a for_o the_o approve_v of_o a_o cause_n as_o when_o it_o be_v second_v with_o another_o of_o like_a condition_n caesar_n justus_n lipsius_n mistake_v 〈◊〉_d lib._n 2._o dial._n 2._o caesar_n what_o number_n of_o man_n be_v a_o competent_a proportion_n for_o any_o service_n plutarch_n in_o the_o