thereby their friends as well as their enemies For the Princes of the nether Saxon circle declare the invâ—ding of the Dutchy of Bremen to be a breach of the peac◠〈◊〉 the Empire and a violation of the Instrument of Peace for the observation whereof they stood reciprocally engaged By this time King Charles was advanced as far as Hamburgh with his harassed and ill accoutred Troops without opposition where he mounted and cloathed and armed them by the favour of that Ciâ—y jealous of its own Lords greatness and the assistance of good supplies of moneys which he received there upon the French accompt It seemed strange what was become of the Danish Army but that however sixteen thousand strong In stead of fighting the enemy in Pomerania or Mecklenburg or any where before they reach'd Hambourg still retired before them but whether affrighted with the reputation of these glorious Ruffians or betrayed by their own dissentions I will not determine though it be certain that King Charles had his Ulefeld in Denmark as well as his Radizeuski in Poland The Swedes being thus refreshed and lusty grew also very numerous by the accession of such whom the hopes and liberty of pillage daily added to their party They followed the retiring Danes as far as Frâ—dericks-ode which they also after some time took by assault under the conduct of Marshal Wrangel Fredericks-ode is seated upon the lesser Belt a new Town endowed with many priviledges to invite Inhabitants and fortified on the land side though the Works were not fully finished after the modern fashion the Sea was esteemed a sufficient guard on that side it watered being strengthened with Pallisadoes from the adjoyning Bulwarks as far as deep water But the Swedes under favour of the darkness and some false Allarms in other places broke down this wooden Fence and rushing in on that part up to the Saddle skirts in water wheeled about the Bastion and entred the Town rendring themselves Masters of the same without any considerable resistance This victory equalled a gained battle for they made above 2000 prisoners besides the slain which amounted to as many more well nigh 200 Officers 33 Colours and above fourscore pieces of Cannon with other store of Ammunition and plunder This success rendred them also absolute Masters of Holstein except Krempen and Gluckstadt and Rensbourg gave them the plunder and contribution of all Jutland and the communication betwixt the North and East Seas by the lesser Belt It was thought strange that so strong a place as Fredericks-ode and so well provided with Garrison and provisions should be taken by a number scarce equal to them within Andrew Bilde Marshal of the Kingdom was Governour of this important place but whether he lost it by his fate or by his folly by his cowardise or by his treason is still disputeable However it was it cost him his life he being mortally wounded in the attack which did not yet suffice to clear his memory from obloquie and a suspition of disloyalty The Swedes themselves contributed much though accidently to this rumour for they sent his body richly vested without ransom over into Funen which encreased the ill reports or him though it might as well have been thought an argument of their generous humanity as his perfidie as they will hereafter evince in the person of Vice Admiral De Witt slain in the Sound and returned with no less honour and pomp King Frederick hearing of this great loss quits Schonen where he had in person twice beaten the enemy by Helmstat and flies into Funen to give orders for the conservation of that Island the second of Denmark Which done he leaves his Bastard Brother Guldenlew there with 3000. men and returns to Coppenhagen to struggle with the divided factions of his Nobles which did not end but in theirs and their Countries Ruine But leaving the Danes to their dissentions and the Swedes posted in their new conquests let us step back a little to take a short view and prospect of the civil transactions contemporary with the former England had too great an interest in the Baltick which may not improperly be called the Mediterranean of the North to sit still without making reflection upon the great commotions in those parts And besides the concerns of a free and undisturbed Commerce England being at that time in an open War with Spain had much rather that the Swedish Arms had been at liberty to give a check to the other Austrian Branch in Germany than to have been diverted by a Warre with Denmark Upon this account two Gentlemen are made choice of to endeavour a Reconciliation betwixt the two Kings Mr. Meadowe being sent to the Court of Denmark and Mr. Jepson to that of Sweden The former arrived in Denmark in the beginning of September 1657. much about the time that the Swede entred Jutland He was received far above his Character being that of Envoy Extraordinary to the regret of other forreign Ministers But the conjuncture of time and affairs obliged the Danes by all possible waies and means to ingratiate themselves with the English So that the Envoyes Proposition for a Mediation after he had declared the ruinous effects of a War Sep. 25. 1657. was accepted off The Dane declaring that he was ready to enter upon a Treaty of a sure and honourable peace under the Mediation of England and that so soon as the King of Sweden should testifie a suitable concurrence on his part This Declaration was transmitted to the Swede with all possible diligence and drew from him a reply dated at Wismar in October following in which offer many expostulations how injuriously he had been dealt with 19. 1657. intermixt with some language which the Dane resented as opprobious He declares likewise his assent to enter upon a Treaty under the Mediation of France and England and that the preliminaries as to place of treating number of Commissioners sale conducts c. should be adjousted according to the transactions betwixt the two Crowns in the year 1644. upon the confines of the two Kingdoms This reply produced another Declaration from the Dane Nov. 5. That he consents also to the transactions in 44. only as to the place of the future Treaty conceives Lubeck or some other in that neighbourhood to be most commodious That the Treaty should commence under the Mediation of England and also of the States General and so soon as France should offer him their Mediation he would accept of that likewise But that the designed Peace be not restrained to the two Crowns only but that the King of Poland and the Elector of Brandenburg be comprehended in the same It was easie to see how this comprehension of the Pole insisted on by the Dane would trouble the scene of affairs which obliged the English Mediatour to remonstrate it to be a novel Proposal and how that it would render the so much desired peace tedious and difficult if not impossible for that
Prince their Ally and maintaining the Peace of the Empire march with their conjoyned Forces towards Denmark The true reasons of this arming was the apprehensions they had of the unexpected successes of this great Prince and lest Sweden grown powerful with the accession of the Danish Crown might prove no less ambitious than formidable Upon this account they conclude a League betwixt themselves and resolve with their United strength to endeavour the succouring of King Frederick by Land as the Dutch did by water The Imperialists commanded by Montecuculi were esteemed eleven thousand Czerneski and his Poles six thousand all Horse and the Brandenburgers at least twelve thousand strong The Elector himself a warlike Prince and heightened with the glory his valour had gained him in the famous Battle of Warsow was General of this vast Army Sept. 17. 1658. And now their divided Forces being met they resolve to march into Holstein where the Swedes had hitherto lorded without resistance Being advanced as far as the Borders the Elector commanded publick Proclamation to be made How that the King of Denmark having signified to the Emperor and himself in what manner the King of Sweden had broken the Peace made in February last invaded Denmark without any denunciation of War besieged Cronenburg and Coppenhagen and designed the Conquest of the whole Kingdom had also desired him to joyn his forces with the Emperours and come with all possible speed to his relief He therefore declared that moved with the just demands of a Prince he was in League with he was hastening to his assistance to deliver him rom his oppressors and procure a firm and equitable Peace Lastly he desired all men to contribute their endeavours to so just a work especially in Victualling his Army promising in case they did to protect the Inhabitants from all violence and disorder of the Souldiery The Swedes unable to resist so powerful an Enemy thought it safest to withdraw betimes but lest they might not prejudice their Adversaries in their very retreat they destroyed all the forrage they met with burnt all the Villages and Houses in their way and ruined what ever they thought might be of use to their pursuers Having past the River Egder on a Bridge of Boats they broke it after them and retiring into Jutland with their General the Prince of Sulsbach encamped their wearied forces at Fredericks-ode a Sea Town of the lesser Belt and well fortified with Bulwork and a strong Garison The Elector followed the sad track of this flying Enemy Sept. 25. and being come to Gottorp the Dukes Residence commanded a Battery to be raised against the Castle threatning its ruine in case of resistance The Duke of Holstein who had retired betimes to Tonningen a strong Fortress lying on the North Sea having notice of this summons sends an Envoy to the Prince Elector to desire a Neutrality which was granted him upon condition that he should deliver his Castle to the Confederates as a gage of his future good behaviour and pay sixty thousand Ryxdollers as a present ransom Gottorp being surrendred the Army marched to Alsen a little Island separated from the Continent by a small Arm of the Sea which they passed in Boats under favour of their Cannon and over-powring the Enemy in numbers forced them to retire Collonel Aschenberg commanded in the Island with three Regiments of Horse and some few Foot but being shut up in Sunderburg and seeing no hopes of relief he silently conveyed himself and his Souldiers by favour of the night into some Ships that arrived there some hours before and so escaped the danger The following day discovered the Enemies flight but all then baggage fifteen hundred Horses and twenty four pieces of Canon fell into the Conquerours hands who in pursuit of their Victory marched immediately to Nordburg another Fort in the Island which they likewise took without resistance and in it Collonel Knust with his Regiment who were forced to deliver up themselves and the place to the power of the Confederates Dec. 15. The Island being thus cleered Czerneski marched towards Jutland and falling upon a party of the Swedes at Colding beat them and forcing the Kings Pallace put the whole Garison to the sword reserving only the Governour and his Lieutenant to publish his victory and their own misfortune The Confederate Army drawing near Fredericks-Ode met with a party of two hundred and fifty Swedes Horse who had been sent to discover their Forces These falling unwarily upon the Prince of Anhalts Troops were beaten and routed many of them slain and Lieutenant Collonel Strekihurst that commanded them with some other Officers of note taken prisoners The Prince heightened with this success draws near the Town but finding the Garison strong and resolved contented himself with the advantage he had already got The Winter was too much advanced and the Weather too wet to undertake a Siege so full of difficulty as this was like to prove The Army was therefore sent into Winter quarters and divided by Regiments into the several Provinces of Holsteyn and Jutland in expectation of a milder season The Winter being past both parties prepare a fresh for War the Swedes had suffered much within the Town and lost many of their men poysoned with stenches and other calamities Nov 165 Marshal Wrangel had taken this place by Assault the year before and the dead bodies having been thrown by heaps into holes and but ill covered broke out again insomuch that the streets ran with the gore and matter which issued from those dis-interred carkasses This so infected the Air that the Swedes resolved to quit the place besides that the greatness of the Works containing seven capacious Bulworks required more men for their defence than they could well spare Having therefore demolished the Fortifications and burnt the Town they transported their Troops over into Funen leaving only a Garrison in the Cittadel which was presently besieged by the Confederates and indeed taken but empty for the Swedes unable to resist the Enemies violence stole away by night with most of their Cannon and Provisions over into Funen They left some iron Guns behind them but nailed up and having destroyed what the former flames had spared mined their own Bulworks and filling the Cavities with Powder laid a train which might give it fire The next morning the Confederates seeing the Enemy gone rush carelesly into the Castle and unmindful of what might happen were most of them that had entred by the sudden taking of the Mines blown up and buried in the ruines of their destroyed Conquest The Confederates having forced the Swedes out of the Continent resolved to pursue them into their very retirements Jun. 1. Hereupon they attack the small Isle of Fenoe seated betwixt Jutland and Funen The fight was sharp until the Swedes were forced to flye and save themselves in Funen having left behind them one Colonel three Captains several other lesser Officers six Field-pieces
hinder the Swedes to land under favour of their Guns They also mastered the aforesaid Works which were open to the Land side which so terrified the Enemy that they were at a stand what to do until the King caused Proclamation to be made by sound of Trumpet that the Inhabitants should retire to their several dwellings for he would use no hostility but against such as were found in Arms. Hereupon they all retired and left a free passage for the Swedes to land with all their forces Only Naskow did dare to put a stop to the Enemies Cariere and Victories For the Town being well fortified and filled with the Souldiers that had retired thither out of Falster and all the parts of the Island and furnished with an immense quantity of Corn and other Provisions seemed able enough to hold out a very long Siege and truly it cost the Enemy much pains and time as will hereafter appear before they could take it The King having thus mastered these Islands found Corn enough in them to suffice a great Army for a year He therefore sent two thousand Tuns of Rye and one thousand of Barley into Funen where the want was greatest and victualled his Fleet for six Moneths besides Whilest the King was thus ordering his affairs in Laland another part of his Forces were employed in the conquest of Meun where the resistance was greater than in any of the greater Islands Major Schroder commanded there assisted with a hundred Horse and five hundred armed Boors The Swedes were at first bravely beaten off and obliged Apr. 26. by reason of the shallowness which hindered their Ships to approach the Shore to quit their design for the present In the mean time the Garrison was strengthened by the addition of a Company of Foot from Coppenhagen which apprehended the danger most this Island lying nearest to it and readiest to assist it But the Enemy watchful upon all occasions had caused new fashioned Carriage-boats to be made at Nycopping in Falster each of these held fifty Horse in their Hull or Bottome and as many Foot upon the Decks which were environed with thick plancks made Breast-work wise and Musket proof These Vessels were so flat that lying level with the shore the Horsemen mounted might easily get out whilest the Foot facilitated their passage if there were need with their shot from above as out of a Fortress These Castle-boats being ready and filled with Souldiers put off and making towards the ordinary Landing-place drew all the Enemies forces thither to oppose them which they observing suddenly changed their Course and directing it to an unusual quarter rowed with that violence that they rushed on shore and landed all their men maugre the feeble resistance of the Defendants who were indeed but few There was an Inlet of the Sea betwixt that place which the Islanders guarded and that other where the Enemy landed so that before the Governour could get thither to oppose their descent they were got into Battalia and yet he charged them bravely but being wounded himself and seventy of his men slain upon the place he was forced to yield the Victory and the price of it the Island to his more numerous Enemies And thus all the Islands fell into the Swedes hands and all the Kingdom likewise except Coppenhagen shrewdly shaken with the loss of its obeying Provinces The City was likewise blockt up on all sides the Camp keeping them from any Communication by Land and four sometimes five of the Enemies Ships besieging their Haven by Sea so that nothing material could enter in or out without the Adversaries leave This caused a great dearth within which lasted all the Summer and might have continued longer to the ruine of that Noble City if they had not been relieved by the coming of the Dutch Fleet. General Wrangel had hitherto held the City of Naskow close besieged and having taken the Islet before the Town and the two Forts in it which secured the passage by water straightened it so that the succours designed for the relief of the besieged however assisted by the Dutch Fleet May 23. could not enter Wrangel hereupon summons the place adding threats to his invitations which the Garrison rejected with no less courage than constancy The Marshal General was loth to leave the Work he had so well begun unfinished but being called to a more weighty employment he was forced to quit it and hasten to the defence of Funen so much menaced and so often attempted by the Confederates as hath been already related The Garrison was glad to be rid of this valiant adversary but their joy did not last long for Field Marshal Steynbock being sent to succeed him and not ignorant in whose place he came was heightened with the example He therefore pressed the Besieged with all his industry and having got all things necessary for forcing of the place approached battered and mined it with that violence that the Garrison unable to resist any longer was constrained to surrender July 26. Thus this considerable place wanting powder and hopeless of relief fell into the Enemies hands who proud with so signal a Victory sent most of their Troops to prosecute the Siege of Coppenhagen And thus we have hitherto continued our observations of what happened at Land Neither did the Sea want its contests though less bloudy whilest those two Potent Commonwealths of England and the United Provinces made preparations equal to their Grandeur for the carrying on of their several interests under pretence of assisting their Allies The truth is the Trade of the Baltick and free passage of the Sound exclusive each to other was the ground of their jealousie and the design of their Arms. The contests between the Swede and Dane remaining as it were in aquilibrio it was generally believed that which Statesoever could first send from home a considerable Fleet would carry the business and compose the business of the Sound to their own mind Yet it is worth the noting in this main end of theirs what great advantages the Dutch had over the English for by assisting their Ally the Dane if they prevailed and ruined the Swede they looked for no less than an absolute Guardianship as it were of the Crown both by their Land and Sea forces and in consideration of their lent moneys to have been their own security for passing the Sound and imposing a restriction upon any else at pleasure and so engross the Navigation and Commerce of the Baltick Sea to themselves Whereas England by assisting their Ally the Swede and helping him to conquer Denmark could not assure to themselves the benefit they looked for but must remain precarious and stand to the courtesie of a potent Monarch whilest they had but his bare faith plighted to give them equal priviledges with Swedes to pass the Sound Toll-free and to have their Enemies excluded the Trade of the Baltick Both States therefore prepare their Fleets each of forty men of
of the two Commonwealths had with communication of the French Embassadour framed a Concept or Form which they called a Project and which we will call so hereafter also upon the Basis of the Rotschild Treaty according to the Conventions agreed on at the Hague This Project or Instrument of Peace they first presented to the King of Denmark who received it and requiring time to deliberate upon it promised an answer The Embassadours hereupon went the same day to the Camp and having obtained Steno Bielke the Swedish Embassadours liberty Aug. 28. for he had been thus long detained prisoner at Coppenhagen took him with them fancying that so great a present would render their coming more acceptable Being entred the Kings Lodging and in the Anti-Chamber his Majesty after a little stay came out to them where Collonel Sidney accompanied with all his Colleagues and the Dutch Embassadours for the French had withdrawn himself after a profound Reverence presented him a Rowl of Paper being the aforesaid Project The King asked what Papers they were Sidney answered that they contained the desires of the three States But the King replied with a stern countenance if it be the Project for Peace I will not receive it And adding told the English as for you I will not refuse your Mediation as long as you continue in the terms of friendship but will suffer no Arbitrators And then turning to the Dutch subjoyned as for you being you are my Enemies I absolutely refuse to receive you as Mediators and to them all You make your Projects in your Fleets and I clapping his hand upon his Sword wear mine at my side Having said this he left the Embassadours and turning suddenly from them went to the other side of the room The Dutch Embassadours following him said we are not your Majesties Enemies and shall â—prove your best friends The King looking fiercely upon them answered my Embassadours are unworthily used and you are suffered to go and come at pleasure Slingland replied to this We need fear nothing from a generous Prince and the King abruptly I have no great resentments of generosity for such Enemies The Embassadours would not provoke the offended King any further but retiring with a profound and respectful Reverence left the presence where His Majesty having given Bielke his hand to kiss rallied with his great Officers most of them having been present at this audience upon this unusual rencounter This indignity of offered the Embassadours was seconded with another though not so considerable They were scarce got into their Coaches when it was told them that the Trumpeter who waited upon them was thrown into prison Being surprised with this Novelty they sent me to the King to complain of this violence and breach of the Law of Nations But the Trumpeter was immediately released and his detension excused having happened without the Kings knowledge and done by the Generals command not with an intent to affront the Embassie but because he belonged to the Garrison of Coppenhagen which was very true The Danes were over-joyed with this ill treatment of the Embassadours fancying that the Dutch would now employ their Forces against the common Enemy without any further intermission as well in revenge of their own injuries as to assist their Confederates In the mean time Posts were dispatched into all parts with the news of this encounter the circumstances of it being aggravated according to the several passions of the interessed The States General were most netled at it as being most concerned and did not fail to exaggerate the affront done to the Embassadours of the three States by their Ministers in England and France as an indignity common to them all But the Mediators how ever ill received at their former Audience did not yet despair of a desired issue to their negotiation They knew the King of Sweden was not wholly averse from Peace for he had several times professed he had not espoused his Conquests provided he did not quit them without a compensation but from the manner of compassing it and he was not against the officious intervention of Mediators though he could not endure the Umpirage of their Arbitration The Dutch therefore seeing that he would never admit of their Mediation unless the ancient Correspondence and Amity betwixt him and them were first restored drew a form of reconciliation which should put an end to all their former misunderstandings and Controversies and sending it to Rosenhaen by the French Embassadour wrote also to him that they purposed to come to the Camp to perfect the Treaty of Elbing and its Elucidations and also to endeavour to accommodate the differences betwixt the two Kings But being they perceived that the King of Sweden looked upon the States as parties and their Ministers for that reason as improper for the Negotiation in hand and that it seemed not good to His Majesty to assent to the aforesaid elucidations before the difference betwixt himself and the States General were removed and the ancient friendship betwixt the two Nations restored and being they doubted whether their coming to the Camp at that time might be acceptable or not they thought good to send an Instrument of reconciliation with a promise that they would sign it as soon as the Peace betwixt the two Kings was concluded The day following the Dutch Embassadours being informed that the King had not only laid by his choller but that also he desired their return to his Court sent me to him to know whether their coming to the Camp would be agreeable to his Majesty or not Aug. 31. And whether they should be received according to their dignities in case they came I being returned and having brought word that all was as they desired the Heeren Slingland and Huybert went to the Camp where being civilly received by the Courtiers they were immediatly introduced into the Kings presence where having first condoled with him for the death of the Duke of Holsteyn his father in Law they urged what concerned the illustrations of the Treaty of Elbing the Peace betwixt the two Crowns and the reconciliation betwixt His Majesty and the States General They most insisted upon the present Treaty and pressed the King that he would be pleased to declare himself as to the main heads of it and grant his Letters of safe conduct for the Danish Commissioners in such manner and form as was required The King answered that he desired nothing more than to cultivate the ancient friendship betwixt Sweden and the United Provinces and had therefore sent Coyet his Embassadour Extraordinary into Holland to represent to the States General themselves the candor of his intentions in that particular As for the Peace he was not averse from it provided it were safe and honourable only he believed that the business would advance best if it were carried on by Commissioners of both sides according to the usual method betwixt the Northern Crowns The Conference being done the Embassadours returned to
and a generous fear was forced against his Nature and practise to become a Spectator whilest others plaid his part but with their own Fortune THE HISTORY Of the Late Warres in Denmark BETWIXT The Two Northern Crowns The Third Part. FIeld-Marshal Schack Commander of the Danish Forces had embarked at Kiel in Holstein His Army consisted of Eighteen hundred Horse Six hundred Foot Nov. 6. and forty Companies though not exceeding two thousand five hundred men of Dutch Auxiliaries The Germans Polish and Brandenburger ayds marched by Land under the Conduct of Field-Marshal Ebersteyn towards Middlefare where they were to pass over into Funen some ships of War having been sent thither to facilitate their transport Whilest they were on their way by Land the Sea Forces advanced with more ease speed and being past Langlands Point were come within sight of Newburg They cast anchor in the mouth of the Haven and resolved at a Councel of War to endeavour to land there Lieutenant General Alefeld was sent with two thousand men to execute this design but most of the. Boats which carried the Souldiers having lost their way in the dark and being scattered and dispersed by the ill-Weather the Wind blowing high and contrary they returned again to the Fleet without attempting what they were sent for And truly it was wel they did not for the descent there was by reason of the Enemies frequent Forts and numerous troops very difficult and hazardous As soon as the day appeared they weighed Anchor again and leaving Newburg coasted the shore as far as Cartmund When they were come near the Town which is seated at the mouth of the River Carta from whence it hath its denomination and had viewed it well the place seemed very abordable in so much that it was unanimously resolved to try their fortune there with hopes of better success than at Newburg The Boats therefore were immediately filled with Souldiers and commanded towards the shore The Danes had the Van being no less eager of the honour than desirous of performing their own business But being they did not advance as fast as was required and that the Boats by reason of their loading and the shallowness could not move further Collonel Killegrew Sir Walter Vane Monsieur Buat who was with the Danes in the Vanguard and first quitted his Shallop Sir John Skelton and the rest in Killegrew's Boat leapt into the Water being breast-high and being followed by all the Netherland Alixiliartes made towards Land The Town gave and received several Vollies of shot as they waded along Some few Swedish Horse advanced into the Sea but were easily repelled and beat back The Cannon from the Ships thundring from all parts incessantly upon the Shore the Bridge and the neighbouring Town did much facilitate the landing by forcing the Enemy unable to resist its violence to retire The Town was also possesed that night being abandoned by the Swedes and the rest of the Army was landed with all imaginable speed though much time was spent in getting the Horse on shore Shack hearing nothing of Ebersteyns advance continued at Cartmund for some days until the Army being fully refreshed it was resolved they should march towards Odensea the chief Town of the Isle and seated in the middle of it But their motion was but slow by reason they had the Enemy in Front who had also possessed all the Streights and narrow Passages in their way The Prince of Sulsbach was General of the Swedish Forces in the Island His Army was not great not exceeding five thousand effective Souldiers which were encreased to that number by the additional Foot which the King had caused to be conveyed over by night to re-inforce his Troops there when he saw it impossible to transport them out of the Island but it was high in reputation and yet he could not hinder the Enemies landing at Cartmund or thought it less hazardous to fight them afterwards than to expose his men to the certain danger of their Cannon And yet he was censured because he did not engage either then or when they were landed or at any time before their conjunction though he could not avoid it afterward His chief care now was to hinder the uniting of the two Armies and therefore he had planted himself in those advantageous Streights betwixt Cartmund and Odensea But hearing that Ebersteyn was likewise landed contrary to his expectation and the opinion he had of those Troops which he had ordered to oppose him he changed his mind for fearing he might be himself inclosed betwixt two such powerful adversaries he marched with all his Foâ—ces to Newburg where he posted himself with a resolution to receive and fight the Enemy in his advantages Eberstein had passed that arm of the Sea which divides Holstein from Funen at Middlefare without the loss of one single man He had four Imperial Regiments as many Brandenburgers six hundred Polish horse six hundred Danish Dragoons and a thousand horse of the same Nation with him All these were wafted over in three dayes and nights time in thirteen Boats the Troopers holding and training their Horses by the bridles whilest they sworn after them without any opposition at all There were indeed two men of War and two other armed Vessels appointed to meet Ebersteyn at Middlefare and also to transport those troops that were in the Islet of Alsen into Funen but being detained by contrary Winds they were forced to the Isle of Aroe where they had intelligence of some Swedes ships loaden with prey and spoil that lay in an Inlet by Alsen which they took with their long Boats and plundered without resistance the Swedes which were in Middlefare and in the Forts and trenches along the shore quitted them contrary to their custom and the wonted bravery of that Nation at first sight of the Enemy and leaving above thirty peeces of Cannon behind them and other warlike provisions retired leaving an uninterrupted passage for the pursuers to follow Ebersteyn wondring he had got over so easily was afraid the Enemy had laid some ambush for him which made him move slowly so that he was seven dayes in marching so many miles to Odensea where he found Schack and Killegrew who had been there three dayes before him and waited his coming All the Confederate Forces being now joyned amounted to near nine thousand so that surmounting the Swedes in numbers they resolved to go search them out and give them battle where ever they could find them there was some little dispute betwixt the two Generals about the precedency Ebersteyn pretended it as eldest Field-Marshal and Schack would not submit being more immediatly commissioned for the present expedition It was therefore agreed that each should command his own men and lead the Avantguard by turns The next day they broke up and Ebersteyn having the Van they marched four miles the day following they came to Maselboom Nov. 14 29. a mile and a half from Newburg and on the
fourteenth saw the Enemy drawn up in Battle-array expecting of them the Right Wing of the Swedes Army consisting of ten Squadrons of Horse was lead by the Prince himself four whereof composing the Reserve being commanded by Major General Beteker one hundred Dragoons closed this Wing on the right hand and the Front was strengthened with three peeces of Cannon the left Wing equalled this in strength and order conducted by Lieutenant General Horn and the Count of Waldec But the main Body consisting of four Battalions of Foot though not exceeding fourteen hundred in all and five peeces of Ordnance were commanded by Marshal Steynbock sent thither to assist the young Prince with his more aged Councels The Town and a Wood covered the Army behind so that their Rear was secure and a long continued Ditch with some water in it where the ground was lowest interposed betwixt their Front and the larger Campania there were some Avenues in the aforesaid Ditch through which the Bodies of Horse did move when they engaged on either side Ebersteyn seeing the Enemies order put also his Army into Battalia Major General Quast commanded his Right Wing consisting of the Imperial Regiments some few Poles and a Company of Danish Dragoons Count Vander Nat with his own Regiment and part of Collonel Mathew's made up the Reserve the Danish Infantry being but two small Bodies composed the main Battle being otherwise strengthened with fourteen peeces of Cannon the Left Wing made up of Brandenburgers Poles one troop of Ebersteyn's Regiment and a few Dragoons was encreased by five Dutch Companies under the Command of Lieutenant Collonel Aquila the rest of Ebersteyn's own and Konenberg's whole Regiment were appointed for Reserves Marshal Schack had by this time also put his Army into Battalia his Right Wing being commanded by Lieutenant General Alefeld and his left by Major General Tramp the Netherland Auxiliaries made up of English French and Dutch Companies divided into three Regiments and lead by their three Collonels Killegrew Allowa and Metteren composed the main Battle Killegrew commanded these in chief and the rest of the Officers excepting Allowa who was absent by sickness and Sir Walter Vane who worthily discharged the Office of Major General marched with their several Companies and in their several places Marshal Ebersteyn had chosen the Left Wing because he would be opposite to the Enemies right which Shack observing drew up his troops on his right so that both Armies thus united made but one though a very irregular Front which was occasioned through Ebersteyn's hast to engage and the disorders which usually arrive in such encounters The Armies being thus ranged they met and fought with no less desires than bravery and the Battle proved doubtful as well as hot until the Netherlanders the rest being broken and disordered turned the day by only keeping firm and snatched the Victory out of the Swedes hands Ebersteyn had before the Battle began sent four hundred Horse to observe the Enemies order and countenance who advancing too far were rudely received and beaten back to their main Body In the mean time the Eberstenians move on and marching on to the Swedes Ditch endeavoured with great courage to beat them from it but being as bravely received they were forced back with great loss all the Officers of Ebersteyns own Regiment being either slain or wounded Neither was Shacks fortune better all his Horse being broken and routed so that if the Swedes had not been hindered by their own Ditch to pursue their advantage at once by hindering the Enemy to rally behind the Dutch Foot they had infallibly got the Day Killegrew seeing the Horse beaten marched up in good order to the Ditch and firing continually by Ranks as he advanced forced the Swedes Foot to quit it and retire further into the Field behind them The Swedes endeavoured to make head again but being again disordered were charged broken and cut in pieces by the Polish and Danish Horse who were returned to the fight Alefeld had by this rallied his Troops again and bringing them on a fresh passed also the Ditch and charging the Swedes Left Wing of Horse routed and pursued them to the Walls of the Town The Prince having lost all his Foot and weakened by the flight of his Left Wing seeing no hopes of recovering the Day retired also in reasonable good order into the City however pursued by the Victorious Enemy The Field being cleered and plundered and the night growing on apace the Danish Generals encamped as near the Town as was possible The next morning they put they Armies into Battle in sight of the Enemy and having planted their Cannon threatned a sudden and general Assault unless they surrendred The Swedes seeing the Enemies preparations sent out Commissioners to treat with them and a Trumpeter to De Ruyter who continually thundred upon them with vollyes of Cannon to desire him to desist for they would deliver up the Town upon reasonable terms But all mention of Conditions being rejected by the insulting Victors they were forced to Deliver up themselves and the Place at discretion Lieutenant General Horn marched out with three thousand Horse which as also the Prisoners and Colours which had been taken in the Fight he presented to the Confederate Generate Generals who divided and distributed them amongst their several Regiments the Officers the Town the spoil and all fell into the Conquerours hands together with fourscore Cornets and eight and twenty Foot-Colours Amongst the prisoners of note were Horn himself and the two Major Generals Weyer and Waldec The Duke of Weymer and the Count Koningsmark had been taken in the Battle the day before there were also ten Collonels besides the inferiour Officers and some other persons of quality The slain on the Swedes side amounted to well nigh two thousand besides Major General Beteker and some other lesser Officers The Danes lost only their Collonel Booth one Lieutenant Collonel one Major and three Captains of Horse Piazenzewski the Commander in Chief of the Poles died in this Field of Honour as also Captain Hemmema a Gentleman of Friezland the only Officer amongst the Netherlanders The number of the slain souldiers did not exceed five hundred in all neither did this so signal a Victory and the fruits of it the Island of Funen cost the Danes any more which seemed in some sort to recompense the manifold losses they had hitherto sustained The two Swedish Generals the Prince of Sulsbach and Marshal Steynbock escaped the danger for being retired into the Town and in an impossibility of either defending the place or being relieved and seeing they had but that one night of reprieve they thought it more reasonable to hazard an escape than submit to a certain surrender They therefore exposed themselves in a small Boat to the mercy of the Sea and escaped by favour of the darkness and nimbleness of their Rowers through all the Enemies Fleet and came early the next morning to Corseur
time not only to fortifie against the ensuing tempest but King Charles leisure enough to come with his Army out of Poland to shew them the fault they had committed in letting slip that which is most precious and most irrecoverable The English and French set all their Engines on work their intercession and their threats to stave off the Danes but to no purpose For the occasion was too fair and their preparations too forward to desist so that their Ministers were roundly answered that the King of Denmark had long expected satisfaction from the Crown of Sweden but being the Resident of the said Crown was retired without giving any his Majesty was obliged to endeavour his own satisfaction and security by the way of Arms. The truth is the party was not ill concerted for the Brandenburger was already drawn off from the Swedish alliance and upon assurance given him from the Polish Court that the Soveraignty of the Ducal Prussia should be conferred upon him which he also now enjoys he confederated himself with the Pole and Dane against Sweden The Dutch were also highly engaged for that wary Republick reflecting upon King Charles his progress in Prussia and Poland and fore-seeing what obstructions his continued conquests in these parts might bring to their Eastern Traffick resolved to oppose him which they not only did by sending a fleet and 1300 Foot to secure Dansick but also by this powerful diversion of the Danes to which they contributed vast summs of monys especially those of Amsterdam upon the securities of the Customs in the Sound and Norway The King of the Romans at present Emperour had also an Army hovering about the Swedish frontiers in Prussia and Poland which put King Charles to a stand not knowing which to turn himself yet resolved to fall with his whole power upon the first that broke out fancying that he was strong enough to deal with either of them apart and it was impossible they should joyn at the distance they were at whereas he should be too weak both for the one and the other if he divided his Forces He was at Thorn in Prussia in expectation of the motion of these new Adversaries where he at length heard the news of the Danes invading of him in the Dutchy of Bremen and the Frontiers of Sweden And this seems a second error for either they ought to have begun sooner whilst the King was engaged with so many enemies in Poland or they ought to have stayed longer and expected until the Imperialists had made the first attempt so that they then should have had nothing to combat with but Cities and Fortresses The King of Sweden was so transported with the first notice of this breach that amongst other expressions of rage and scorn he was heard to say Frederick Frederick I will stick so close to thee that I will sink with thee It may be reasonably imagined that for all this appearing violence he was secretly glad of this rupture with the Danes for it did not only in some sort justifie his invading of Poland the Truce being not yet expired by their example but also gave him an opportunity to quit that Country with honor which he would otherwise have been forced to leave of himself He had indeed wholly mastered that great Kingdom by his valour and the divisions of the Nobility there many of which he had gained by his own and the Vice-Chancelors Radizeuski's practises and intelligence having forced all to swear fealty to him though they all left him afterwards with the same levity but with more justice being they returned to the obedience and service of their own Prince again so that he was weary of that War as being engaged in too vast a Territory and so far from his Confines He had obliged Ragotski Prince of Transilvania to be of his party who had also entred Poland with a very great Army but he suffered him to be lost by exposing him for though they had joyned forces together yet he drew his off being he could not draw the enemy to battle and marched towards Prussia whilst the other was designed to return home which for want of conduct he could not compass having lost his whole Army his hopes in Poland being no less than a Crown and afterwards his whole Country by that unfortunate expedition The King of Sweden being therefore resolved to quit the Polish War left his Brother Prince Adolph in Prussia for the defence of that Province which he mainly desired to conserve In so much that he had made offer of the Crown of Poland being Ragotski failed of it to the King of Hungary himself provided he might keep Prussia Count Steinbock to observe the Imperialists and Poles his Brother in law Count Magnus de la Guarde in Leifland against Muscovy and Lithuania and marched himself laying all in ashes behind him to secure his Rear from the pursuit of the Polish Cavalry with about 6000 Horse towards Pomerania He had in vain sollicited the Duke of Brandenburgh to lend him some Troops though he had offered him Thorn Elbing and Marienburg as cautions provided he might leave Swedish Officers in them Being therefore obliged to stand upon his own bottom he came to Stetin whence he wrote to all the Electors especially him of Mentz as most addicted to France complaining of the Danish invading of him in the Empire which was against the tenor of the instrument of Peace and besought his counsel and assistance Whilst the King of Sweden hastens thus by Land towards Denmark the King of Denmark being advertised though falsly that he took his journey by water put to Sea in person with his whole Fleet and coasting the Countrey of Pomerania came to Dansick where he understood the truth of King Charls his motion which obliged him after a fruitless survey of the Baltick Sea to return in great hast to Coppenhagen Whilst the Swedes were on their way towards Holstein part of the Danish forces had taken Bremerford a good place in the Dutchy of Bremen and two other Forts the Bellemer Sconce lying upon the Elbe and the Leher Sconce commanding the Weser They sollicited also the City of Bremen by an Ambassador to quit the Swedes party but not with that success they had hoped for it seemed yet too early for them to declare Although they were assured in answer to their address to the States Aug. 13. of being assisted in case they were attempted conformable to the Treaty betwixt them which regarded the Swedes not the Danes And here some take the freedom to blame the Danish Conduct for had they carried the War into Sweden it self disfurnished of her principal Defendants Her King absent in a remote Countrey the very terror of an invading Army would have wrought that confusion and consternation in the Country as might probably have given the Dane opportunity to have driven on the War as far as Stockholm But they on the contrary attack the Swedish Dominions in Germany Allarming
plausible enough as appears by the Swedish Manifest and the Kings own speeches in the ensuing narration But the Danes accused Charls his boundless ambition and cried out plainly and not without probability that he had already devoured the dominion of the East sea in his thoughts which was not to be compassed but by the preceding conquest of Denmark They further affirmed that he had therefore been perswaded at Gottenburg to prosecute the enlargement of the Swedish Empire by new acquisitions The conflict would be easie and as the first was bloodless He should but go and overcome and by the accession of his future victories open a passage to his farther greatness Add to these the tried difficulties of the Polish war the quiet but armed condition of Germany the peaceful inclinations of France at that time but above all a warlike Prince and as he pretended provoked and injured environed with a victorious Army and it will not seem strange that the fury of the threatning tempest fell upon Denmark But whatever the causes were the war was easier begun than ended whilest the Danes serve for a memorable example to posterity how valid despair is and that there is nothing proof against an enforced necessity The Swedes were obliged as is already observed by the Treaty of Rotschkild to withdraw all their forces out of all the Provinces of Denmark by the first of May which they did not only not do for Holstein Jutland Funen and the Dukedom of Sleswick were still in their power but took also new councils to invade and conquer the rest of that divided Kingdom The King then being resolved to renew the war prepared all that was judged necessary for so great an expedition and that with no less secrecy than prudence and truly it was no wonder that the Danes were surprised being by several Embassies letters and messages lull'd into so ruinous a security when as the Ministers of divers Princes who then followed the Court were so far from penetrating into its designes that they had not the least suspicion of a second invasion upon Denmark Aug. 5. 1658. The fleet and land forces met at Kiel in Holstein and now all things being in a readiness the Army and provision for a longer journey than was intended were imbarcked The King being under fail with eleven men of war and near sixty great and lesser Vessels whilest some thought him gone towards Prussia others towards Pomeranta and others towards other places but none towards Denmark secured as it was thought by the late Peace he steered his course towards Zealand Aug. 8. Being arrived at Corsieur a sea town on the West side of the Island he landed his Army greater in reputation than numbers for it did not exceed 1200 horse and 4000 foot without any opposition or resistance These few guards that were on the coasts fled at first sight of the fleet before they knew whether they were enemies or not and the Towns men dissembleing what they durst not seem to fear were forced to receive these new guests as friends whilest they and the country as the Army passed along were made believe as the Swedes gave it out that they intended no hostility to any but were come to assist the King of Denmark against the designs of some of his rebellious Nobles King Charls his chief care upon his landing was to keep his soldiers from plundering and by quick sending out of parties of horse to suppress the Danish troops which were quartered up and down the Island or at least to hinder their retreat into Coppenhagen Count Toâ—te Lieutenant-General of the horse led the Van but the King himself I know not by what fatality did not stir till the day following and however his main hopes of victory consisted in the quickness of his motion he marched but slowly fearing peradventure ambushes in an unknown Country or least he might be obliged in the absence of his Naval forces to bear the brunt of the war alone The noise therefore of this invasion sled to Coppenhagen before him and filled the Court and City with the terrour of so imminent a danger All was full of fear and confusion and the people then at divine service for it was upon the Sabbath day in the morning struck with the apprehensions of their approaching ruine which they look'd upon as infallible if the enemies made that hast they might and assaulted the City then destitute of order or forces to withstand them The slight of the country-people who came slocking into the town magnifying the number and progress of the enemy according as their fears suggested redoubled the terrour in so much that all dreading their destruction as unavoidable bethought how best to secure themselves Some hid their best moveables where they best could whilest others searched about whither they might best slye and hide themselves Many preferring their personal security to that of their Country cried out for peace and a recourse to the conquerours clemency but the wisest and they were but few perswaded a vigorous resistance and exhort the rest rather to commit their common safety to God and a just defence than to the arbitration of a cruel and insulting enemy Neither were the disorders and apprehensions at Court inferiour to these until the King himself having rejected the advice of those who would have perswaded him to preserve himself for better times by a timely retreat into Norway or Holland had declared with a magnanimity truly royal That he would live and dye in his Nest and not survive the sate and glory of his Country The following letter though not signed fell as was informed into his hands the which as being of an extraordinary nature merits to be inserted it was as followeth Sir Notwithstanding my being engaged in the service of your mortal Enemy I am a very affectionate well-wisher to your Majesty I am very confident that the King of Sweden designs to take Zeland from you and consequently yuur crown I humbly desire your Majesty to save your Royal person the Queen and the Princes your children by a quick retreat into Norway or elsewhere until this tempest be over and some happier opportunity present it self for the recovery of your kingdom Save your self Sir that you may not fall into his hands preserve your self for better times and believe the counsel of him who is your Majesties most humble servant I will leave the disquisition of the author the contriver and the intrigue of this letter to the curious and only add that if he had followed the advice of most part of his Councel he had hearkened to that of his kind enemy and lost his kingdom into the bargain But he being more generously resolved did by his example raise the drooping spirits of them about him which quickly appeared in their countenances and expressions Shame and emulation and a desire of revenge had mastered those weaker passions their fear had begot in them before so that at present there was
omitted the present attacking of the town to secure and fortifie their own quarters they therefore strengthen the out-works the Citizens had formerly quitted with pallisadoes they turn their breast-works against the town and in them and their ditches or moats dividing them near the sea and cutting them off from the rest of the said works they made a quarter large enough to contain all their foot and all their instruments of war This quarter was strengthened within with a ravelin and on the side towards the fields with a tenaille or tonge and being also scated betwixt the sea and St. George's lake was secured on the back side by the right wing of horse which lay in the Hollands village The rest of the horse except the guards disposed of upon the several avenues of the town were enquartered betwixt Uttersleve and Wartow in the open field ready in case the Citizens should sally again to oppose them upon their first appearance The Danes were no less busie on their side they cut down all the trees which which were in the Queens garden or else where planted as well for ornament as use without their gates they burnt such edifices as were yet standing and level their very rubbish with the ground lest the enemy might find any safety or shelter behind them Things being thus ordered on both sides the Danes full of hopes and encouraged by their former good fortunes prepare for another sally but being upon the point to march they were stayed by the sudden appearance of the Swedish horse descending the hill from Walbuy This unexpected sight did not only break their present design but filled them with amazement and jealousie whilest most of them apprehended there might be treason amongst themselves and a secret correspondence with the enemy from within But not knowing how that might be the town being so well guarded and at a loss who to suspect an uncertain rumour was spread abroad that a standard had been seen lift up and displayed upon Ulefeld's house which all concluded was done to give the enemy notice of what passed in the town by orders from that traytor as they called him to his King and Country But the said lodgings being visited and searched and some who were suspected examined and imprisoned though nothing got out of them this sear vanished But the true reason of this discovery was not known till afterwards There was a Wind mill not far from the town which over-looked it though at a distance the Swedes having their sentinels day and night there could though confusedly by the help of perspectives see what was done upon the walls which they within were not at first aware of The Swedes having secured their quarters began to infest the town by shooting multitudes of glowing bullets into it especially by night to add terror to the harm they might do and indeed the fear was greater than the mischief for the King having at the beginning of the siege appointed three hundred men to guard the several streets of the town as well against such accidents as casual fires had abundantly provided for any harm that way which order had that also of good in it that the other Citizens and soldiers who were appointed for defence of the ramparts being strictly enjoyned not to quit their stations in any case whatsoever were less sollicitous for their own dwellings being secure in the others care These men therefore being provided with great hooks great tongs made like mens fingers at the ends and other such instruments to handle these fire-balls easily prevented their mischief so that there was no material harm done either by them or by the granadoes thrown into the town during the whole Seige And now the Swedes began to approach again but with more circumspection then at first for they built a large square fort to defend their trenches and making use of St. George's dike fortifie it with a breast work and pallisadoes and having raised a battery for two and twenty pieces of Cannon upon it began to thunder upon the remains of the Tower upon the Helmer bullwork and opposite Curtain endeavouring by that violence to dismount the Cannon upon the walls They also made another battery in the Ladegard fort of nine Guns out of which they shot not only bullets but fire-balls into the City The fortifications at Wartow being open towards the town were shut up with new breast-works and further strengthened with twelve pieces of Ordnance The besieged had ordered two other Prames with good Cannon in them to flanck and defend the East side of the town which they did with so much obstinacy that the incessant violence of the guns out of this sconce could not oblige them to quit their stations the covers indeed of these flat boats were beaten down and that was all the harm was done them which they sufficiently revenged by dismounting some of the adverse cannon and killing several of their men The Danes seeing the enemies order and approaches and seeing no means to disturb their advance but by sallies resolved yet again to try their fortune that way They stole out of the North gate Aug. 30. with four hundred horse and foot and falling with great hast and resolution upon the enemies post on the other side the Bebling Lake beat them from it at first onset but being frighted by their horse which hastened to their succours they were forced to retire towards the walls again leaving behind them one Captain and fifteen or sixteen common soldiers This did not daunt them so but they would hazard another combat which five hundred of them rushing upon the adverse approaches performed with much resolution They indeed routed these next to them as it is usual in sudden sallies at first but these run aways did but save themselves in their sconces whereby they not only eluded the endeavours of their pursuers but being suddenly re-inforced from the neighbouring stations forced them back mortally wounding two of their Colonels Urne and Bremer who died of their hurts the following day King Frederick escaped also narrowly that same day for having stood near the West port a good while to see the skirmishing without he had no sooner changed place but Col. Lange stepping into it was shot through the breast with a musket bullet whereof he died some few days after Neither is this the only danger the King hath been in for Providence who hath a peculiar care of Princes protected him from another no less eminent some time before He had no sooner removed himself from leaning upon a wall at the same West port but a musket bullet slâ—pt in that very place where he had rested his head but a moment before The Danes seeing they could do no more good by their sallies by reason of the enemies vigilance and strength opposed new works to their approaches they made a Ravelin upon the Curtain next the Western gate with a covered way which extended to both sides the said gate and
strengthened the Helmer Bulwork the weakest place of the whole town by reason of the sharpness of the angle and the length of the Curtain Northward exceeding musket shot with another Ravelin against the enemies approaches which they advanced upon the Dike betwixt the Bebling and St. Georges lake The Swedes had likewise omitted nothing for securing of their approaches they raised another redoubt in the high-way and joyned all their quarters with lines of communication The cannon thundred perpetually on both sides and scarce a day past without skirmishing though with no notable advantage for either party The City had the worst of it for by this time provisions grew very dear the publike magazines were empty and there was no monies in the treasury so that private men were forced to support the publick charges by enquartering and feeding the soldiery There was indeed store of wine of oyl and of corn but little or no butter fresh meats or fuel what there was was registred as well the wants of the poor as the better provisions of the richer Citizens the hay for the horses was divided to each trooper his share a part for fear the fire might consume the whole if kept together and the gunpowder was for the same reason disposed of into several quarters of the town The besieged bore these hardships with much constancy being chiefly encouraged by the example of the great ones especially the King himself who refusing those refreshments which distinguish Princes from the vulgar was content to share with the soldiers in all their hardships The Swedish fleet was by this encreased with a supplement of six men of war they had sunk several old vessels in the entry of the haven of Coppenhagen to hinder the passage but yet they could not either do that or watch so narrowly but several messengers and boats and some little provisions out of the Isles stole into the town These brought the glad tydings of the preparations in the United Low-Countries for their relief of the Elector of Brandenburg's marching into Holstein with the Imperial and Polish forces and how that the Swedes had surprised nothing in that Country upon their first breach save the Regiment of Guards already mentioned Theis news did indeed much quicken the besieged until the fatal surrender of Cronenburg had like to have sunk them But we will leave them a while to their grief well-nigh despair with the apprehensions they had of the woful consequences of this loss and deliver in short the story of the taking of this important Fortress CRONENBVRG Scale of Rods 12 foote to a Rod for the Outworkes Cronenburg Fortifyed with outworkes by the Swedes The Swedes had made great provision of all sorts of Engines fit for assaulting of Towns which King Frederick having notice of as also that they were at a place called Flescha on the other side of Amak ept 6. resolved to attempt the seizing or ruining of them The most desperate Sea-men were pickt out for this exploit but the wary Enemy sensible of the danger prevented it by a timely landing of their Instruments and withdrawing of themselves The Swedish Fleet was retired from before the Haven of Coppenhagen toward the Sound in whose absence many lesser Vessels with some provisions partly out of duty and partly out of desire of gain for they made great profit of their Merchandises stole daily into the Town Sept. 25. twelve Boats with store of refreshments and a hundred and sixty Soldiers sent from Laland creeping along their shores and by favour of the night and lusty rowing got into the Town in safety but that which no less amazed than rejoyced the Citizens was the unexpected arrival of a Swedish Frigat of sixteen Guns loaden with spoils and prey The Master and Sea-men were Swedes but it happened that besides their Lading they had a Danish youth I would I knew his name and sixty Zeland Boores on board The Vessel having passed the Isle of Wenen with full sail and in sight of Coppenhagen the young Dane shewing his Country-men the Town with his finger told them they had a happy opportunity to deliver themselves out of their slavery and do their Country some service if they would resolutely fall upon the Swedes with them and turn their course into the Haven He had no sooner said this but it was resolved upon and as soon put in execution for most of the Sea-men being under hatches they easily mastered rest and came as they designed with full sail into the Haven But that which made most noise in the Town was the intercepting of a Letter of the King of Swedens to Douglas his General in Liefland with Orders for the seising of the Castle of Mithow in Coucland which he notwithstanding did as also the Duke in it who with his Lady and Children were sent under safe conduct to Riga This violence was aggravated with all the circumstances of infidelity and tyranny the better to estrange the people from any thoughts of an accommodation with such an Enemy The Swedes having brought all their strength before Coppenhagen and having enlarged and fortified their Quarters made all the appearances of force imaginable and to shew they were in earnest thundred upon the Town from three several Batteries at once with that impetuosity that they threw down the point of the Battery at the Western Gate shivered many houses in Town and slew sixteen of the Desendants with their Cannon bullets in one day to this they added the terrour of their Granadoes which they tossed over the Walls in great numbers but not with that success they expected for they either fell into Pudoles and Moorish places or were prevented before they took fire by the vigilancy and address of those who were appointed to attend them The Danes repaired by night the Battery the Swedes had shaken and disposing of their Cannon of which they had above 300 in all upon their Walls in convenient places rebeat the Enemies Forts and Works and oblige them to the like nocturnal labours and reparations They also threw great stones out of their Mortars into the Camp omitting nothing which they thought hurtful or offensive so that the Siege and attack seemed reciprocal and alternative Sept. 20. On the 20 of September the Swedish Fleet having weighed their Anchors sailed towards the Sound leaving only four Ships behind them to attend the besieged this infused new joy into the Citizens fancying their promised relief out of the Low Countries to be near so then disdaining to be blockt up by such a slender remainder Held was commanded by the King to go and flight them with three men of War which the Swedes perceiving Octov 1 cut their Cables and retired to the rest of their Fleet. The Danes encouraged by the supplies they had received from Laland and their former successes adventured another salley A hundred and fifty armed for the most part with Sithes and Morning stars rushed upon their most advanced approaches
their Churches for it forgetting the just sorrowes they had conceived for those real losses they had sustained being they saw themselves so eminently revenged upon the Authors of them The same morning the Besieged had sallied out with three hundred men upon the Enemies Works by the Behind Lake but found them in such a posture of defence that they were forced not only to desist but retire This done the Swedes raised a new Battery of eight Guns upon the said Dike and whilest it was a building threw great stones and Granadoes out of two Mortar-pieces without intermission into the Town Upon the eleventh day they shipped their Troops in Amak and set sail towards the Sound the news of the approach of the Belgick Fleet encreasing daily The Danes made yet another sally after the departure of the Enemy out of Amak with four hundred men upon the square Fort or Redoubt next the West Gate and beat the Defendants out of it with Hand granadoes and other fire-works which they showred into it They threw down and pull'd out the Turn-pikes and Pallisadoes which were planted for its security and having filled the Trenches with much terrour retired without the loss of one man in safety into the Town However the Swedes had endeavoured to approach the City with their whole might yet the valour of the besieged was such that they could do it but slowly and not without much difficulty by reason of the frequent fallies and uncessant firings out of the Town And yet they were got within fifty paces of the Moat and would undoubtedly have advanced farther if they had had time They approached upon that side of the City not as being the weakest for it was well flancked on both sides but with design as I suppose to get into the covered way and by it to the Sowe or Dike next the Gate which being broken down for the earth was lower there all the water of the Moat which it supported would be let out the Moats dreigned and the Ascent to the Walls on all sides by that means dry and easie But the time as we noted failing them by reason of the Netherlanders approach King Charles betook himselt to other Counsels and making a shew as if he were not averse from Peace signified the same by a Trumpet to the City But being refused as also the Propositions from the English and French Ministers for a Cessation from Arms rejected as unseasonable being they daily expected their relief he omitted the present attacking of Coppenhagen and transferred the War into the Sound with a resolution to oppose the Dutch in their passage that way with all his power Whilest these two parties do thus amuse the world with their struglings in Denmark the Dutch Fleet aslembled at the Vly in North Helland It is not imaginable with what fervor the depart of these succours was pressed by all men De Witte Vice-Admiral of Rotterdam was first ready with his Squadron and sailed to Doggersand with Orders to expect the rest of the Fleet there But a sudden and dreadful Tempest rising out of the North and North East forced him back into the Maze to repair the disorders he had suffered in it But the Merchant-men did not escape so for being unable to resist the rage and violence of the Sea several of them were sunk and many being thrown upon the Coasts of Holland and Friezland were split and swallowed in that vast abyss Amongst the rest there was a Citizen of Dockum whose misfortune seemed the most deplorable of any the Ship he was in lay at Anchor but he fearing it would not be able to ride out the storm pressed the Master to cut the Cable and trust themselves to the mercy of the Water which the Skipper refusing added they had no hopes but in the firmness of their Anchor The other not believing this and terâ—â—sied by the prodigious reciprocation of the Waves ran to the Cable with an Ax in his hand and cut it The Ship being thus at liberty slew in a trice to the Neighbouring shore and being flung against the Pales thereof by the force of the Wind and Sea after some reiterated shocks broke in pieces Before the Ship was wrackt the man had lift up his Wife upon one of the pales but turning about to help his son which stood by him a sudden Gust had prevented him by throwing the Boy over-boord which the Father seeing catched with one hand at one of the Pales whilest he stoopt with the other to help his Child which he had done if the said Pale being rotten and unable to support his weight had not broken whereby he also fell His Wife astonished with so dismal a spectacle and seised with a sudden grief fell into a sound and as if unwilling to survive such dear pledges tumbled head-long into the Sea and perished with her Husband and Child in that unpitying Element There was no industry omitted to repair De Witte 's shattered Vessels as also to make ready the rest of the Fleet to which end the States sent express Commissioners to the Flye who with their presence and authority should hasten these preparations And now all things being in a readiness the Souldiers were embarked only the Wind was contrary and by good fortune continued so until the number of the Fleet was well-nigh doubled for when they were first ordered to set sail they were scarce strong twenty men of War James Wassenar Hier of Opdam Octob. â— and Lieutenant Admiral of Holland commanded the Fleet and now the Weather being favourable and the Wind at South East he weighed Anchor and failed accompanied with the prayers and wishes of his Countrymen to relieve that City which thus long had been the prize for which two potent Kings had in person contended The Swedes had used all their industry to hinder these preparations of the Dutch they had offered the States their own conditions in the Sound and had amply enough not only laid before them their old and inviolable Confederations but also the ill usage which they had received from the Danes by their manifold exactions But seeing the States resolved they resolved also to carry it on with a high hand in as much as in them lay and venture a Battle though at Sea rather than be frighted or treated out of their hopes and Conquests in Denmark They therefore had their Katches and Spy-boats swarming about the Coasts of Holland to observe the Fleets order and motion not wanting as well friends as intelligence within the very United Provinces themselves And that it might appear that these were real ones two Shipps loaden with Ammunition packed up in Herring Tuns were intercepted in the Texel designing to direct their course for Corsoer in Zeland Opdam being advanced as far as the Point of Schagen was forced to Anchor there as well to stay for De Witte as the Wind to double the Cape so that he could not reach Lapsand before the two and twentieth where
and one hundred common souldiers The Confederates did not loose above forty men in this exploit and being now Masters of the Island filled it with men and Ammunition as a place very convenient for the invading of Funen Having therefore all things in a readiness and filled all their Sloops and Boats with Souldiers they made for Funen under favour of some Dutch men of War which lay there to facilitate their passage They designed to assault the Island in four several places at once which they endeavoured but being ill received by the Defendants could not reach the Shore The Swedes had fortified all the Avenues and descents with Trenches Traverses and Cannon in abundance Their Forces were likewise great and strong especially in Horse several supplies being come out of Zeland to their ayd so that the enterprise seemed no less difficult than great to undertake to force an Enemy so well intrenched and so numerous as they were The Confederates lost above three hundred in their retreat besides the slain and drowned in the Attack which were many On the Swedes side there fell about two hundred which number had been undoubtedly greater if they had fought in a more equal place This misfortune did not so dishearten the Confederates but they resolved to adventure another attempt only the place seemed not so proper as it was at first imagined They therefore ship their men again and make for Middlesfare where the Traject was narrowest The men of War got thither for all the Enemies great and small shot but the Carriage-boats could not advance as was desired for the Wind turning and the Stream which follows it being against them they were forced to desist and turn back to Fredericks-Ode The Swedes however glad of the Enemies retreat thought nothing done unless they could disinable them from attempting to pass the Streights for the future This could not be effected but by ruining their Boats and Vessels which they bravely endeavoured but finding the Enemy more watchful than they had hoped they were after a rude reception forced back two of their Boats being sunk with their men in them by the Enemies Cannon The Confederates seeing they get over in parties Jul. 4. resolve to attempt it with all their forces and that in three several places with their three Armies at once but wanting Vessels to transport so great a multitude they sent five of their six men of War to gather up all the Boats they could find alongst the Coasts of Jutland The King of Sweden having notice of the Confederates design was solicitous how to prevent it He therefore commanded Captain Cox an Englishman then in his service with eight men of War one Catch and one Fire-ship to Middlefare to oppose them He He met the five above-mentioned Ships at Ebeltot July 23. who were so affrighted with the sight of this unexpected Enemy that they immediatly cut their Cables but seeing no way to escape and having less mind to resist most of the Officers and Mariners saved themselves on Shore with their Cock-boats The Admiral indeed made a shew of Defence but being sorely wounded was forced to yield The number of the slain was not great but the prisoners many especially Souldiers amongst which there were six hundred Brandenburgers and four hundred Imperialists Cox having mastered the greater Vessels burnt thirty lesser ones commonly called Schuyts that lay in the Haven He went thence to Arhausen where having fired three Merchant-men and one and twenty of the aforesaid Schuyts he threw his fire-brands into the Town it self notwithstanding a thousand Poles who were enquartered there Having performed this great service he returned with his Fleet to the Sound in triumph The conquered Ships followed spoiled of all their Ornaments two whereof being Danish having their Colours dragg'd at their Sterns and the other two Netherlanders equal with them in fortune though not in disgrace which it may be was omitted in complement to the Dutch Embassadours who stood in their Windowes at Elzeneur to behold the spectacle This Victory however easily obtained was a very great one and highly esteemed by King Charles himself being now secure of Funen the Enemies Vessels together with their hopes of passing thither being wholly destroyed Cox was ennobled and vastly rewarded for this service the King being no less just in recompensing merit than in discountenancing baseness and no less prodigal in his favours than severe in his punishments knowing well that these are the true stirrers up to great and brave Atchievments The Prince Elector moved with the loss of his Ships and having no other in a readiness nor no hopes of any from the Dutch Fleets which the reiterated Cessations had rendred useless laid aside all thoughts of further attempting upon Funen He thefore quitted Fenoe and having sunk his remaining Boats at Fredericks-Ode removed his Camp to Hopdorp on the South of Jutland with design to transfer the War into Pomerania The Swedes seeing the Enemy gone re-garrison Fenoe and landing on the Continent began to rebuild a Fort which the Poles had demolished upon the quitting of it but having intelligence that a strong party of the Confederates which was left behind to hinder their incursions was marching towards them they left their Works and retired into their Islands again And this is the sum of the Confederates Expedition and Adventures in Holstein and Jutland which I thought good for methods sake to put thus together leaving the more particular relation of affairs to them that will write their story for being my intention was only to observe what happened in order to this famous Siege and not the whole War it will suffice to have only mentioned those things which happened further off though relating to it To return therefore to Coppenhagen where nothing of moment did happen after the great Storm We find the Citizens secure within their Walls and the Swedes in their Camp whose Fortifications and strength in Horse took away all hopes the Enemy might conceive of attempting upon them Both parties suffered much through the extremity of Winter but the Danes most being shut up from all communication from abroad the Enemy besieging them by Land and the Ice by Sea But they bore these as they had done their former hardships with great courage and resolution The approaching Spring encreased the hopes and fears on both sides The Danes expected more solid succours from the Dutch and the Swedes bragg'd of their more forward friends the English and indeed neither of them was deceived In the mean time both Kings prepare for War The Dane makes ready his Fleet with all imaginable industry whilest the Swede resolves the conquest of the remaining Islands To this end General Wrangel ships six hundred Foot and three Regiments of Horse at Newburg in Funen and sets sail for Langland as the most accessible of them Count Waldeck had attempted and taken it before it being assigned him by the King for his Winter quarters but he had been
absence arrived safe in Holland where having given the States a summary Report of his actions and negotiations in the North he received though not without some opposition the publick thanks of the Assembly for his prudent and valorous Conduct King Charles was gone to Nykopping in Falster where he continued some time to be nearer Pomeranta where the Confederates domineered at pleasure and the better to observe the motion of the Dutch Fleet. Collonel Sidney and Sir Robert Honniwood as also the French Embassadour not yet despairing of Peace went thither to him which the Dutch being looked upon as Enemies refused to do but yet that it might appear how desirous they were of an Accommodation they dispatched me with Letters and Messages intimating so much to His Majesty The Plenipotentiaries being arrived at Nykopping began to treat again but being nothing could be concluded without the Dutch it was thought good to invite them also thither which was done by Letters from the Court from the Embassadours and from me by the Kings order and the other Embassadours entreaty They had also Passports sent them from the King and a Convoy with some of His Majesties servants to wait upon them and serve them by the way so that there appeared now more hopes than ever of composing these ruinous differences Being come to Nycopping they were lodged and defrayed by the Kings Order and the Treaty was re-assumed with no less expectation than seeming propension to a Peace on all sides But these flourishes quickly vanished for the King Persisting in his former opinion and the Embassadors not departing from theirs there was nothing concluded Octob. 25. The Swedes Commissioners having exhibited some previous demands to the Mediatours declared that they must be first granted before they could come to the main business of Peace These were that the three States should first joyntly and generally and then severally and apart stand good and be bound for the performance of the Treaty with Denmark That they should undertake that the War which the Emperour and Electour of Brandenburg had raised in Germany and did actually wage against the Swedish Provinces there in favour of Denmark should be laid aside with all speed and a plenary restitution made of all they had taken therein and that they should become Sureties that the King of Sweden should not be disturbed for the future by any contrary to the German Instrument of Peace Further in case the aforesaid Enemies should refuse to restore what they had violently usurped that then the three States should compel them to it by force and interpose and engage for the Swedes future defence and fecurity in those Provinces which appertained to them Lastly these things being thus granted the King of Sweden would then condescend in favour of the three States to a Peace with Denmark and that upon the Basis of the Rotschild Treaty taken in its right and genuine sence which could not otherwise be done The Mediatours answered to these Demands that the three States would become sureties for and engage themselves to assert what ever should be agreed upon betwixt the Kings That as soon as the Peace was made in Denmark they would use their utmost endeavours to compose the Wars in Germany and oblige the Emperour and Elector of Brandenburg to restore those places they had taken from the Swedes That the King of Sweden should for his part in the interim consent to a pacification according to the Rotschild Treaty save that the second Article of it should be so interpreted that either and both of the Kings should be at liberty to Treat and make Leagues with any Prince or Commonwealth whatsoever for the mutual defence of themselves and States That all dubious expressions in the said Treaty should be explained or expunged to impede new disputes That the Castle City and Territory of Drontkeym should be restored to the King of Denmark in consideration of all those vast losses which he had suffered by this last invasion And lastly that there should be a time prefixed for the removal of the Swedish Garrisons and Armies out of all the Isles and Provinces of Denmark and that in all other things and particulars the Treaty of Rotschild should stand in full force and vigour They made also other propositions concerning a free passage through the Sound about removing of misunderstandings betwixt the Swedes and United Provinces the Ratification of the Treaty of Elbing the Peace with Poland and of restoring the old friendship betwixt the King of Sweden and the Elector of Brandenburg And these were the Proposals made on the King and Mediators sides but his Majesty seemed the most refractory not that he was averse from Peace for he had too many Enemies to struggle with but lest he might be thought to desire it for fear of War and even then when he was most threatned In the mean time the dayes were passed in Feasting and Hunting the King having then invited the Mediators to those diversions His Majesty was at Table with the said Embassadours when he received the news of the Enemies Fleet and land-Land-Armies being at Sea neither did he therefore quit his Guests but concealing the matter continued his feasting till late in the night The next morning betimes he surrounded the Island viewed its Forts and left good Guards at all its Entries Avenues in case the Enemy should attempt to land there but being advertised by quick Posts and manifold Beacons which he had ordered upon all the heights in the Country that the Fleet was entred the Creat Belt he flew with all the Forces he could get together to Corseur a Sea Town in Zeland Being come thither he perceived that the Enemies design was upon Funen He therefore sent Field-Marshal Steynboch thithea with Orders to the Prince of Sutlsbach to quit the Island and transport himself and all his Forces leaving only a Garrison in Newburg into Zeland But these Orders came too late for they did not only want shipping in Funen but the whole Streight was covered with the Enemies numerous Fleet. The King seeing this dispatcht an Express to His Admiral to hasten thither with the Fleet which lay in the Haven of Lanskrown with all possible speed He being upon the Point to hoist sail received contrary commands to stay which were again followed by other Orders to come away and yet others in the neck of them not to stir and all in one and the same day so uncertain he was what to determine One while he resolved to fight them at Sea but finding the odds too great would pass over into Funen in person He fretted to see the Enemy brave it in his presence and could not suffer that his Army should engage in his absence But he had no shipping ready and the Enemy were absolutely Masters at Sea so that it was impossible for him either to fight them or joyn with his own Troops And thus this brave Prince being hurried betwixt the passions of hope
their holds But the Winter being advanced and the Ice having rendered the ways and fields passable they skirmished attacked and made sallies upon each other with various success and fortune In November the Danish Horse fell upon a Guard of the Swedes betwixt the Town and their Camp which they surprised killing and taking above sixty of them The Month following thirty stout fellowes of the Garrison slipt out in a Boat and by favour of the night landed near the Paper mills a Dutch mile from the City they hid themselves in a Wood all the following day but the darkness being come they went to Fredericksburg a pleasant and sumptuous House of the Kings and breaking open the Stables took away eight and twenty good horses belonging to the King of Sweden and mounting them got safe with them for all the Enemies pursuit to Coppenhagen the lucky temerity of a Lieutenant being one of the afore-mentioned Fugitives was no less remarkable who stealing out of the Town by night passed all the Enemies stations undiscovered and coming to Rotschild surprised the Guards there and brought some twenty Horse with him back into the Town these small successes did much heighten the besieged who as it is usual in such encounters began to contemn the Enemy and hope for greater advantages which they attempted though not with the like facility as we shall see hereafter During these doings in Denmark it will not be from the purpose to observe what happened elsewhere in order to them King Charles was not ignorant how many difficulties and what great obstacles the Netherlanders had opposed to his proceedings how violently they had acted against him and what further resistance he might expect from them unless they were diverted He had therefore dispatched Monsieur Coyet his Embassadour extraordinary to the States General some moneths since to endeavour to remove those jealousies which obliged this wary Nation to interest themselves in the transactions of their Neighbours Whilest Coyet was hastening for Holland in a Zeland States man of War he had like to have been shipwrackt upon the dangerous shores of Anhout for his Vessel being thrown upon a ridge of Sand by the violence of the tempest stuck there immoveable save its fearful rocking by the reciprocation of those Waves which threatned its ruine every moment Coyet saved himself in a Merchant ship which accidentally passed that way and many of the Seamen having tied a number of empty Casks together with ropes changed one danger for another But the Captain being resolved to perish with his ship did yet what he could to save both He threw all his heaviest Cannon and luggage over-boord and so lightened his Vessel that the Wind turning Northwards it was lift up with the Waters and so got off its unhappy station and returned contrary to the expectation of all men back to Elzineur And certainly so brave a man as this Captain whose name is Adrian Bankert a Zealander deserves to be mentioned in our Relation especially having signalized himself once before by saving his Ship It happened that having the out-watch before the Haven of Coppenhagen his Cables being cut in peeces by the Ice he was carried away with the stream and sholes as far as the little Island of Ween and so near the shore that he stuck fast in the Sands The Swedes eager of the prey which they thought assured sent two men of War and several armed Boats to seize upon him but finding more resistance than they had imagined they raised a Battery on Land and so attacked him on all sides at once but Bankert defended himself so well that he sunk the Enemies fire-ship battered their Battery on shore and treated the rest so rudely that they were forced to retire and suffer him to get off which he did in safety Coyet notwithstanding his former danger went aboard the same Ship again which being repaired he set sail and arrived in Holland in November following The Danish and Brandenburgish Ministers did all they could to hinder his Reception and Audience not forgetting to put the States in mind of the injuries and affronts which the King of Sweden had so lately done to their Embassadours in Denmark But all they could do Nov. 25. could not unmask the States so far as to oblige them to declare open War against Sweden though they otherwise incommodated it by all the means they could imagine a publick rupture had not been advisable being the English Fleet there and the English and French nearer home were reasonably to be apprehended besides they thought it below their accustomary prudence only to crack the Shell whilest their Allies went away with the Kernel all the Conquests they could hope for in those parts being but a liberty of Commerce which they were surer of in the dismembring of the Sound than in a plenary restauration of Denmark to its pristine greatness which had formerly so much perplexed and troubled their Navigation Besides all this there was anotheer weighty reason why Coyet should be admitted which was to render their Neutrality faster and their interposing less suspect being therefore received with the usual Ceremonies and admitted to Audience he laid before them the ancient Leagues and Confederations betwixt the two Nations and how religiously they had been observed on the Swedes part which the present King Charles Custave had not only sacredly kept hitherto but had also obliged himself by the late Treaty at Ething which contained most advantagious conditions for the Dutch to do so for the future He could not therefore but wonder to see that the same was not ratified by them which the credit of some men who preferred their own passion and lucre before the good of their Countrey and hitherto hindered and how ever he had consented to an enlarging and explaining of the said Treaty to their own desire yet it took no effect for the States had for all these amicable Concessions sent their Fleet to Dansick to thwart his Designes in Poland and instead of assisting of him against the invading Danes with those supplies which they were obliged to by their Leagues with him and his Predecessours they did not scruple to favour the King of Denmark in his unjust endeavours against him Nay they had so far contemned and rejected his friendship who had suffered near a hundred of their Merchant-men which he had in his power in the Sound to pass untouched or molested that they had after the manner of professed Enemies sent a Fleet of War to assault and oppress him He did therefore seriously complain of this ill-treating and violation of friendship especially being he had omitted nothing on his part for the conservation of a good understanding betwixt them and that they on the contrary had flown into open acts of violence and hostility without so much as trying the wayes of Peace For all this the King had sent him to declare his most secret intentions to them to explain those things which their Deputies in
as they had formerly done for the Swedes having notice of their designs and ready received and charged them so rudely that they forced them to save themselves by flight within their Works five of their men being taken prisoners and several of them slain The following Month they made another attempt Apr. 28. but with no better fortune for they were repelled in the Kings presence and lost threescore foot which they had taken with them to strengthen their Horse The Swedes also had designed the surprising of the City Cattle which fed under the Walls May 17. to which purpose they hastened thither with all their Horse but their intent being likewise known the Cattle were secured and the Enemy forced by the Cannon from the Ramparts to keep at a distance They yet returned some dayes after with a thousand Horse May 21 and threw down a Breast-work not far from the ruined Suburbs on the West side of the Town which annoyed them the which was again raised by the Coppenhageners two dayes after The Sweaes were also busie in other parts of the Kingdom for having gathered some small Vessels upon the Coasts of Holsteyn they landed by Nysted but being repelled thence they resolved to try their fortune on the Isle of Fameren though not with better success for the Danes having retired their Troops into a strong double Ditched Fort which they had there contained themselves in it until they were re-inforced by fresh supplies out of Holsteyn which obliged the Enemy to retire to their Ships again But Denmark was not alone the stage of War neither was it here only that the treaties for Peace were in agitation Poland the seat of so many miseries was at length delivered from the oppression of their infesting Enemies by the Treaty of Oliva This Treaty was chiefly managed by the French their Embassadour being the only Mediator admitted in it The Dutch had indeed sent an Extraordinary Deputy to the Polish Court but he was received there without Ceremony scarce civility upon pretext they were not acquainted with his Character it being a new thing with them His Mediation was likewise waved the French influence the Queen being Ascendant being too strong and the jealousies which they began to entertain of the Imperialists not a little formed Neither was he more acceptable to the Swedes his visit to their Plenipotentiaries being but repayed by a complement by their Secretary upon pretence he was lodged in Dantsick an Enemies Town and his interposition wholly refused being looked upon as a party so that he was but an idle Spectator as to the main in the said Treaty But for all the States exclusion the Emperour and the Electour of Brandenburg were not only included in the said Pacification but the old Friendship and Concord renewed by a new Act of Oblivion betwixt them and Sweden Only King Frederick for whose sake they had armed their own business being now done seemed forgot in that Treaty the Commissioners giving this reason for it that the Danish affairs could not commodiously be decided at that distance being also at that time treated in Denmark it self not without great hopes of success But the Danes troubled to be thus abandoned by their Allies were so much the more desirous of Peace They were indeed supported at present by the Forces of the United Provinces and with hopes out of England of more powerful Succours the Scene being there changed by the happy restitution of King Charles the Second to his hereditary Dominions This great Princes restauration did indeed contribute much to the present reconciliation for the English Commissioners fore-seeing their authority would quickly expire and loth to quit their Province without effecting what they came for urged it the Swedes considering the ties of blood and friendship betwixt the two Kings Charles and Frederick did desire it And truly the same reason prevailed with the Dutch but upon another accompt to wit lest they should be pressed by this great King to continue the War until Frederick his Friend and oppressed were restored to his entire Dominions which the victorious Swedes had so miserably mutilated Only the Danes the only sufferers were thought not so forward especially being obliged by this second Treaty once more to quit all their pretensions which they had so lavishly divested themselves of in the former War But they fore-seeing that the ayds from England the King being not yet fully established in his Kingdoms could not be sudden and that the vast expences which they were daily at in feeding so many Armies within their Country would necessarily ruine it seemed to prefer a certain Peace before the uncertainties of a War All parties being then agreed and that happy day which by a hopeful Peace was to put a period to this unhappy War being come the two Kings Commissioners and all the Mediators if they may be properly called so who seemed interessed asperties met in the Tents again where the Treaty elaborated with so much industry and pains was signed first by the Mediators and afterwards by the Commissioners of the two Kings and then exchanged and delivered in the mid way betwixt the Danish lodges and the Swedish Tents by the Mediators themselves a little before Sun set to the Commissioners of both Kings This being done the Assembly broke up the Swedes returning to their Camp and the Danes into the City where both from their Walls as also from their Fleets which lay before the Town witnessed their joy for this happy Accommodation with the more pleasing noises of their great and small shot The Peace was proclaimed the same night in all the publick places of the City by a Herald with his Scepter and Coat of Arms with the tintamar of Drums and Trumpets whilest every individual published his satisfaction with more than usual signes of joy The following dayes the Swedes came into the Town and the Danes went into the Camp without exception neither satisfying their greedy eyes and their curiosities with the contemplation of those unaccustomed sights whilest both admired and secretly condemned those things which they had found by experience to have been hurtful to them But this entercourse did not last long for the fourth day after the signing of the Peace the Prince of Sulsbach did according to the Articles of the Treaty draw all his Forces which were 3000 Horse and Foot out of the Camp and putting them into Battle array betwixt that and the City made a stand there exposing his Army and himself to the view of the Danes who flocked thither in multitudes to see so goodly a sight A while after having commanded his Cannon and all the Muskets and Pistols of his Army to fire twice round he left the City to its pristine Liberty and the Camp to the Danes disposal and marched with his whole Army towards Rotschild THE END The Articles of the Treaty of Peace betwixt the Two Northern Crowns concluded and subscribed by the Mediators and the Commissioners of
maintain that Peace wherein they had been joint Mediators The issue of my Negotiations was this The K. of Denmark absolutely refused to treat sperately with Sweden the K. of Sweden declares himself willing to treat but not willing to accept of the Rotschild Treaty as the terms and conditions of the Peace Pretending that this would be tacitly to accuse His last enterprise upon Denmark of injustice for if the Dane gave the occasion of the War by entring into new practises and combinations with his Enemies after the former Peace made which he avers they did though both Kings as is usual in such cases highly protest the right of their Cause and the justice of their Armes then sayes he I ought to have better security for the future that the Dane by an innate animosity and desire of revenge fomented by other States start not out upon every occasion to traverse my designs and work me mischief when they shall find me intangled in a remote War as formerly in Poland especially being contiguous with Sweden and so most capable of doing me hurt Besides that He pretended satisfaction for the loss of Thoren and a considerable part of Prussia occasioned by this diversion of his Arms in Denmark As also for the loss of these opportunities in Germany during the vacancy of the Empire which He might have improved by the presence of His Army in those parts and the assistance of France and his other Allies either to have turned aside the Succession from the House of Austria his Hereditary Enemy or to have capitulated advantages for himself with the Emperour that was to be Elected or at least wise to have prevented the conjunction and confederacy betwixt the now Emperour and the Electour of Brandenburg Many other difficulties lay in the way of the Rotschild Treaty amongst which it was not the least that the King had already disposed of to the Officers of his Court and Army the Lands in Schonen and Bleking which by the Treaty of Rotschild are reserved to their respective Proprietors viz. the Danish Nobility However after many instances and solicitations together with the advantage of the Report which was about this time confirmed from all hands that the Peace betwixt France and Spain was intended in good earnest which might probably oblige England to retire home their forces for their own security and slacken any assistance from France and so Sweden left alone to contest with so many Enemies His Majesty began at last to hearken to the Proposition of the Rotschild Treaty and by a Paper in writing signed by His Commissioners bearing date the 21 of April in answer to a former Memorial of mine expresly accepted the said Treaty but then subjoyned to the words of acceptance a provisional clause of better security than what was formerly granted him by the bare disposition of the Rotschild Treaty Which clause I not being satisfied with as that which might be interpreted as elusory of the fore-going words His Majesty soon after declared to me that as to point of future security He would acquiess in the special Garranty of England and France which I had power also to offer Him on the part of England In pursuance of the Instructions sent upon the Fleet under General Mountague and the better to facilitate the work of the Peace by engaging the States General to act in Consort with England and France A Treaty was concluded at the Hague the 11 of May 1659. Betwixt the three States in order to re-establish a Peace betwixt the two Northern Kings upon the root and foundation of the Rotschild Treaty There Weeks time was limited to the Negotiation of the publick Ministers upon the place after the expiration of which Term neither England nor the States were to assist either of the Kings who should refuse the Peace during his refusal The King of Sweden though unbeknown to the States General had already assented to treat upon the foot and foundation of the Rotschild Treaty his safe Conducts prepared his Commissioners nominated I as Mediator propounded Fredericksburg for the place of the Treaty which the King also accepted The Dutch Deputies Extraordinary from the States General to the two Kings who arrived about this time made their instances and applications to his Majesty of Denmark as I had formerly also done to draw from him a suitable concurrence to the Rotschild Treaty But that King still persisted in the same resolution not to treat separately but propounded an Universal Treaty at which the Ministers of his respective Allies and Confederates might be present and to this end nominated Lubec for the place of a general Assembly I urged upon the Dutch Deputies the fourth Article of the Treaty of the Hague wherein 't is covenanted that no assistance was to be given to the Prince that should refuse a Peace upon just and reasonable conditions which reasonable conditions are by the first Article to be expounded the Treaty at Rotschild Now he who refuses to treat which in this case according to the sense of the three Estates was to treat separately refuses a Peace upon what conditions soever The Deputies were at accord with me that His Majesty of Denmark continuing in that resolution their Fleets could no longer assist him and wrote to General Opdam their Commander in chief to the same effect who at that time was with his Fleet in the Belt He notwithstanding continued still to favour under-hand the Dane but durst not so vigorously and openly assist him as otherwise he would partly by reason of the contrary Advise and Orders which he had received from the Deputies of the States but more especially because over-awed by the presence of the English Fleet. This suspension of Assistance on the part of the Hollander though the English Fleet remained Neutral and acted nothing onely obliged the other to the performance of Covenants gave the Swede some considerable advantages who upon this opportunity reduced the Isles of Moenen Falster and Laland together with the capital Town of Naskow under his obedience The truth is the Dutch Deputies found themselves engaged in some difficulties for whereas they supposed that the King of Sweden would have been the refuser of the Treaty and consequently the English Fleet bound up from giving him any Assistance which was the main thing they aimed at and the King of Denmark the accepter and consequently the Dutch Fleet at liberty to assist him they found the quite contrary and so had tied up their own hands by their Treaty made at the Hague This was the state of Affairs in the Northern parts at the time of the Change of the Government here in England and the Parliaments being restored to their former authority And this was the true season of ripening things to a conclusion and if the Negotiation had continued still in the same train and method that is if the Parliament had either immediately sent new powers to me to act according to my former Instructions viz.