Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	army_n	king_n	retire_v	1,094	5	8.9663	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13221	The Svvedish discipline, religious, civile, and military The first part, in the formes of prayer daily used by those of the Swedish nation, in the armie. Together with two severall prayers, uttered upon severall occasions by that pious King; which God immediately heard and granted him. The second part, in the excellent orders observed in the armie; whereof we here present you the articles, by which the souldiery is governed. The third part, in the Kings commission for levying of a regiment: his order for drawing vp of a private company; of a squadron; and of a brigade: with his manner of enquartering a private regiment; and of an army royall: vnto which is added the best manner of building and fortifying of a towne of warre. All, in fiue severall figures expressed and explained. Last of all, is the famous Battell of Leipsich, in two fayre figures also set forth: and now this second time more fully and particularly described.	Watts, William, 1590?-1649, attributed name.; Roe, Thomas, Sir, 1581?-1644, attributed name.; Abelin, Johann Philipp. Arma Suecica. English.; Sweden. Armén.	1632 (1632)	STC 23520; ESTC S118094	72,824	144

8. or 9. of the clocke had the Imperialists a full view of both the Protestant Armies and Tilly full well knowing of a troublesome passage they were to haue through the bushes and durt at the foresaid Towne of Scholcka thither sent he some lighter Troupes to disturbe them These Vant-Curriers besides the skirmishing with which they entertained them did by setting fire to certaine traines of Gun-powder purposely scattered on the ground seeke by the smoake thereof which the winde at that time blew full into the Protestants faces to blinde and trouble their putting of themselues into order But neither did this powder-plot take effect neither force nor stratagem● could at that time serue their turnes for in despight of both these is the passage gained which being once made the Protestants immediately beginne to marshall themselues into that order which they had before agreed to fight in Perceiving the Tillians therefore to present themselues in a mightie large Front and the wings of their battell to bee extend●d full 2. English miles in length they to prevent hembing in as not willing to accept the kindnesse of an Enemie to bee brooded vnder his goodly wings he being a bird of another feather divide themselues into two Armies The Duke of Saxonie takes his way towards the left hand and the King towards the right The Duke stretched his left wing as long out as Tilly had done his right which was as farre as the Towne of Ietzschlitz in the Southerne edge of the Mappe marked with Ff the end of Tillyes right wing being betwixt him and the Village of Schausen here marked with Gg His right wing he in like manner also stretched out quite over the high way till it almost touched with the Kings left wing The King wheeling more about to the right hand gat the Village of Podelwitz at his backe here marked with the letter O. Still as the Armies advanced towards the Enemie their Ordnance the loud musicke of a battell went playing on before them The Dukes Ordnance are in the Mappe marked with Hh The Kings smaller field-peices with P And his Demie-Canon with Q which were commodiously planted before every Division The Armie of the Catholike-Leaguers having by a warning peece beene drawne together before the standing Campe neere Leipsich were after halfe an houres pause vpon the place faire and softly caused to advance into the open field Passing therefore beyond the Villages of Lindenthal usually called Linckell in the right-hand vpper corner of the Map marked with B And little Wiederwitz marked with C And great Wiederwitz marked with D And Breitenfield marked with A From which last Towne some more light horse Troupes being sent abroad for intelligence the whole Armie fairely followed to the little wood marked with E and the Gallowes marked with F Here Tilly making a stand had word brought him that both the King and Duke were alreadie gotten over the durtie passage and were in divided Armies both vpon their march towards him Tilly hearing of this newes Now fellow Souldiers sayes he wee must looke for blowes Resolving therefore to keepe the advantage of that higher ground to fight vpon hee first of all in severall places causes his Ordnance to bee planted which are here marked with G disposing in the next place of the order of his battell Making choice therefore of the old forme of fighting in great square Bodies of which the Mappe shewes you the mightie Fronts onely so much namely as at the joyning of the battel 's presented it selfe vnto the Swedens view he thus marshalls his formidable forces The whole Armie he divides into three vsuall parts the maine Battell namely and the two wings The right wing was commended vnto Eggon Count of Furstenberg with those conquering Italian Troupes which since their comming out of Italie had brought the Circles of Schwaben and Franconia vnder contribution This right wing is marked with L and by Furstenberg himselfe stands the letter M The left wing consisting most of the Germane Nation was commaunded by the Count of Pappenheym hee whose memorie is yet so deere vnto those of Magdenburg This wing is knowne by the letter H and Pappenheyms selfe by the letter I Vpon this wing was the flower of the Horse placed because they were to confront the King of Sweden himselfe with whom they supposed would come the bravest Souldiers of the Armie The maine Battell or middle-ward was led by the gallant Tilly himselfe wherein were his old Wallons and Burgundians and braver Germane Troupes These were the credit and strength of his foot-forces You may know Tillies owne place by the letter K set over his head neere the high wayes side about the middle of the Mappe And in this array stood this by themselues supposed Invincible Armie expressing a great deale of desire to be at it The King of Sweden vpon the first full view of the Imperiall Armie now within a league of him shewing them vnto his owne men rides from Regiment to Regiment and from rancke to rancke with a loud voice asking of his Souldiers Come on Comrades will you fight to day for the name of Iesus Christ This question was by the whole Armie presently answered with the Eccho of this joyfull acclamation Vivat Gustavus Adolphus vive vive vive The King observing the braue resolution of his Souldiers calls immediately a Trumpet vnto him to whom he openly delivering a Letter alowd commaunded him to carrie it vnto the Generall Tilly. This Letter having beene that morning written in the Field had the King communicated the Contents of vnto his great Officers which were That he desired to see the Generall Tilly in the Feild and to that purpose he now attended for him Tilly vpon receipt of this Letter bad the Trumpet to assure the King his Maister that he for his part had never refused to fight with him that he would now meete him halfe way and that the King well knew where to finde him These two last passages concerning the Kings speech vnto his Armie and his Letter vnto Tilly are written by Chaimaries a French Captaine that day serving the King of Sweden Now began the King to dispose of the array of his Army Those 18. or 20000. men which he led along with him he devides like his enemy into three parts and each of these againe into the Vantguard and the Arrierguard The Van or Fore-ward of the Right wing marked with the letter R his Majesties selfe commaunded whose place in the Battell you may perceiue by the Letter S. Here were the bravest and best armed Horsemen and these well lyned with Muskettiers and guarded with some peices of Ordnance also before them The proportion of the Muskettiers that lyned the Horsemen was about 100 to 8 troupes of Horse sayth Chaimaries one with another The Reere or Hinder-ward of the same Right wing marked with the Letter Z was committed vnto Sir Iohn Bannier Generall of the Foote by whom stand

the Letters A a. The left wing marked with X was led by the braue Gustavus Horne Feild-Marshall vnto his Majestie whom you may finde out by the Letter Y. The Arrier-guard of the same wing was left vnto Colonell Hall whom you may see at the Letters D d. His troupes were those three Horse-Regiments which you see vnder him marked with the numbers 87 88 89. The Van of the maine Battell or middle-ward whose character is the Letter T was committed vnto the sober and valiant Gentleman the Baron Dyvell whose place is by the Letter V. This Van consisted of Foote altogether which being divided into foure Brigades of Pikes and Muskettiers were ordered by Acko Oxenstiern Erick Hand and Winkell all Colonells Before this part you see the Ordnance placed and immediately behinde it for the greater strength are there three Divisions of Scottish Muskettiers placed mingled among twice fiue troupes of Horse of the Kings owne Guards The Reere of the same maine Battell knowne by the Letters B b consisting of three Brigades of Foote was committed vnto the well tryed Sir Iohn Hepburne commonly called Hebron who fought in person in the middlemost of those three Brigades and is to be found at the Letters C c. The Brigade on the right hand was led by the yong Count of Turne and that on the left hand by Colonell Vitzthimb a braue Souldier These three Brigades wherein some English and many Scots were were accounted among the best and surest men of the Army and called The Reserue of the Battell Behinde these are two halfe Regiments of Horse of fiue troupes apeice commaunded by Colonell Schaffman and Col. Cochtitsky And this was the Kings admirable order of Embatteling which you shall much the better please your selfe in the reading of if you will take the paines but to looke for every thing in the Mappe as you goe along A new kinde of Marshalling was this vnto Tilly which as much helped to beate him as the valour of the men did that fought in it Every part of it consisted of severall Maniples and small Bodyes of men of which if any one were overthrowne there was nothing so much hurt done as when one of Tillyes greater Battaglions were broken and they might much easier by reason of the nimblenesse of their motion and the small space of ground which they tooke vp to moue in be supplyed by one another And if the thinnesse of the Files as being never aboue six deepe were not able t is true to beare off any great shock or impression yet by bringing by that meanes more hands to fight at once then the enemies order possibly could doe they were able on the sudden to doe the more execution Vpon the sight of it in the Mappe you will r●●dily make this judgement That one part so fences so backs so flancks one another is so readie to second to relieue one another so apt eyther to send out succours or to receiue into their hinder-wards or rancks any of their former fellowes that shall happen to be over-layd that the whole Army lookes like some impregnable Citie with its Bastiles its Towers its Bulwarks and severall Retreates about it So that well may the men be killd but very hardly shall the whole order be rowted And of this we haue experience in this Battle where there was not that I can finde any one Regiment put to flight but Collenbachs Horse onely The lesse marvaile then it is if God with vs and this order of Embatteling invented by this new but royall Captaine gaue so full an overthrow to the eldest best Generall of the world And yet hath the King more of these Formes of Battell invented by himselfe every one to fit the enemy the ground and the occasion The Duke of Saxonies Army consisting of 14000. men and no more as I am since enformed the two Regiments of the Count of Solmes and the Baron Hoftkirck being sent away was also divided into the Battell the two wings The Body or maine Battell was directed by his Highnesse the Duke himselfe whose place you know by the Letters K k. Before him stand his great Ordnance marked with H h. The right wing was led by the valiant Lord Iohn George Arnheym whose place you may see at the Letters M m. The left wing is to be knowne by the Letters I i but who commanded there I finde not expressed Perchance it might be eyther Bindhauff Sergeant Major Generall to the Duke or Swalbach that day Generall of the Ordnance for these two were the greatest Officers of the Feild next vnto Arnheym the Felt-Marshall And this was the Saxons order being the ancient and vsuall manner of Embatteling What the severall Numbers Letters and Arithmeticall figures in both Mappes meane wee shall anone tell you after the description of the victory The Watch-word for both these Protestant Armyes was GOT MIT VNS God with vs and their Tokens Greene Branches in their hattes or helmets with which ere night their browes were crowned as with victorious Lawrells Advancing in this equipage into the place of Battell vpon the sayd Plaine which Tilly had fayrey left for them behold an Omen which a Romane Augur would haue esteemed for a most fortunate abodement Vpon that emptie place of ground whereon the King was to fight there sate a flocke of birds which had indeede beene observed there some dayes before by the Country-men and to haue fought there too with another flock then beatten away by them which birds being sprung by the Kings Vantcurryers tooke their flight directly towards Tillyes Armie and there fetching a circle about and that also would the Romanes haue accounted for a happie presage they turned againe towards the Kings Armie as who would say we went to fetch you victory The Duke of Saxony had another good encouragement to his Army also a milke-white Doue namely hovering very lowe and almost sitting vpon a Cornet or Horsemans Ensigne which also setcht a circuite afterwards about the Dukes Army But the King had a better Augury on his side then a flight of birds His Motto or Watch-word God with vs and that which the Romane Generall sometimes preferred before the birds Romano milite dignus Ensis adest augur his valour namely and his Sword Being now readie to come vnto the shock Army to Army some strugling there was at first for the winde which then blowing from the West was full in the Imperialists backe and the Protestants faces This advantage the King being desirous to recover and the enemy as eager to keepe and both sides wheeling about for that purpose not onely the Horsemen had some Skirmishes together but the Foote also came to push of Pike In this heaving and shoving too and againe the King with some part of his right wing wheeling about from O towards A that is from the village of Podelwitz towards Breitenfeild edging still along to recover some poynt of the West had

made the name of Tilly so renowned All the ill-gotten wealth and fore-gotten glory of it was in poore fiue houres space such is the fortune of the warres now quite lost and confounded This I say was the end of it Nine or 10000. men were left dead in the field and chase many thousands sorely wounded whereof some shortly after dyed and others thereby vtterly made vnserviceable Diverse were taken prisoners and 6000. forsaking the side tooke oath and pay for the Kings service not a few besides running quite away and never more returning to their Colours Thus of 44000. marching men Tilly never came to Muster 16000. againe perchance not so many yea perhaps not halfe so many of the selfe same men at leastwise not halfe so many of the Foote who could not so fast followe their fleeing Generall towards the Weser The King this morning marching towards Leipsich there seased vpon the enemies whole standing Camp Here were found full 3000. Wagons with all their baggage tents and pavilions a great number of Cattle Horses Oxen Sheepe Asses Poultrie Bread Wine meate vpon the Spits with other necessary provisions much costly stuffe with some gold and silver both in vessell and readie money There were many aboue 100. Ensignes and Cornets brought vnto the King with 14. great peices of halfe Curtoes or Demicanon and 16. smaller feild-peices of 8. or 10. pound ball some whereof had the Armes of the Emperour vpon them others of the Duke of Bavaria of Wallensteyn the Palsgraue the Elector of Brandenbnrg the Duke of Brunswicke c. And thus haue we told you something of what was done in every part of the Battayle The foure great Brigades of Foote in the Van of the Kings mayn Battayle were thought too strong to be medled withall the Imperialists therefore never fell on there Nor did any part of them nor of their after-troupes those I meane betwixt the Battayle and the Reserues of it once moove onely the King commaunded some troupes to goe and ayde Hebron once Nor did the Count of Thurne stirre Nor was the further end of Banniers people medled withall els the whole Armie was in action The King of Sweden lost but 700. men as Gallobelgious reports and the Duke of Saxony 2000. The men of note slaine on the Kings side were the gallant Baron Dyvell Hall Collenbach and Corville all Colonells Slaine on the Duke of Saxonyes part Sergeant-Major-Generall Bindhauff Colonell Starschedel with diverse other Officers and Captaines both of Horse and Foote On Tillyes side these great personages slaine Adolphus Duke of Holsteyn Otho Fredericke Count of Schomberg that day Generall of the Ordnance Theodore Othmar of Erwitte Sergeant-Major-Generall of the Armie the Lord Baumgarten Baron of Grotte together with Coloredo Gallas Wallensteyn Lobell and Zabilli all Colonells with diverse other Lieutenant-Colonells Sergeant-Majors Rit-maisters and Captaines slaine eyther vpon the place or dying within a few dayes after or their wounds Taken prisoners the Generall-Adjutant Zinzindorff the two Imperiall Comissaries-Generall Walmerde and Graff with Coronino Blackhart Barcelli Kratz Hazelung Larme Klinzi and Winckleman all Colonells together with Bernard that was Secretary and Treasurer vnto Tilly diverse Captaines and some Iesuites who no doubt came thither to blesse the Armie And this was as complete a victory as possibly could be gotten Not stolen by night which Alexander scorned but without stratageme by fine force and true prowesse atchieved in the broad day-light betwixt twelue and seaven in the afternoone No advantage of place to giue it away it was vpon a fayre levell and in Campagnia No casuall advantage but was against the King the winde the wood and the higher ground all on the enemies side No advantage in numbers or reputations of men neyther Tillyes were the more the older Souldiers and their Armie by themselues accounted Invincible Nay one disadvantage the King had as great as possibly almost could be which was in sight not onely a wonderfull encouragement to the enemy but a most mayne weakning of the one halfe of his Majesties Army and an evident disheartning to the rest for seeing t is the Eye that is first overcome in any battell if the sight of the Saxons defeate would haue discouraged the Swedens that had given a sore onset to the victory So that all the advantages lay on the enemies side and the disadvantages on the Kings But yet even thus can the Lord of Hoasts giue away the victory Tillyes manly heart t is sayd could not refraine his teares when hee saw his braue old Souldiers thus going to ruine The whole fault he layd vpon the Crabats Imperiall horse who after a few hard charges cowardly ranne away and never made head againe No Generall could haue done more than the valiant Tilly that day did nor would any wise man that were no more than truely valourous haue stood one minute longer vpon the place from whence the Generall Tilly ranne away But there is no Battell against the Lord So that this old Conquerour still vsed to see the backs of his enemies is now glad to shew them his owne heeles and thus wounded as he was to flee that night towards Hall seven Dutch myles from the place of Battell Hither did the Earles of Furstenberg and Pappenheym both sorely wounded also come vnto him where having dressed their wounds the two Ea●les the next day fled away in a hackney Coach hyred at Hall and Tilly by himselfe in a Horse-litter all taking their way towards Ascherleben and Halberstadt first and thence onwards towards the River of Weser where the Emperour had given him some Lands and whereabouts he had formerly beene when he first advanced against the King of Sweden Tilly had in the fight received two some say three severall wounds vpon his body besides a shrewd brush or counterbuff with the stock of a Musket given him by a common Souldier which being aymed full at his head notwithstanding that the old man bare off as well as he could with his feeble arme yet so rudely for all that did it light vpon the side of his necke shoulder and arme that the poore man complained more of that blow than of any of his other wounds The Souldier that reacht it him was immediately beaten downe dead vpon the place that so meane a man might never liue to glory what he had done to the gallant Generall Tilly. Sure it is that Tilly had his wounds dressed by the Towne-Barber of Hall and a report was raysed vpon it that the fellow should haue afterwards discovered vnto the King at his comming vnto Hall that Tillyes bodie was as hard as the wall that he was hard-shot or shot-free and that the Bullets had not peirced the flesh but made bruises rather in it and that to his horrible torture he was faine to endure the cutting out of the bruised flesh vnto the very hard bone Indeede thus much haue I seene in a High-Dutch

aside and before them all upon his knees uttering these words of devotion O most great God that commaundest what ever thou pleasest both in heaven and earth and in the surging Seas what thankfulnesse am I now bound to render unto thee for that thou hast preserved me thus safely in all this so perilous a voyage Againe and againe doe I from the very bottome of my heart and soule giue thankes unto thee and here I humbly beseech thee that seeing as thou very well knowest I haue not undertaken this expedition for any private end of mine owne but onely for thine honours sake and to be some comfort and assistance unto thine afflicted Church so if so be the time which thy selfe hast appoynted be alreadie come thou wouldst now be pleased to favour and blesse me hereafter also and that especially thou wouldst send me a fayre winde and a prosperous that the Army yet left behinde which out of so many people and Nations I haue gathered together I may with joyfull eyes shortly here behold and with a happie beginning promote with them the glory of thy holy name Amen When his Counsellors and Commanders then next his person saw their devout King thus on the bare ground upon his knees and heard with what a fervencie of spirit he uttered these devotions an inward comfort and an holy joy they tooke at it wrought more with them than their enemies could yet ever doe that is even forced and pressed teares out of their manly eyes This his pious Majestie then perceiving Forbeare to weepe sayes he to them but heartily conjoyne your prayers with me for the greater the army of prayers is the greater and more assured shall the victory be He that prayes diligently hath in part overthrowne the enemy already and already gotten the victory Thus having sayd he out of two hundred long boates lands his men then on the shoares side and then sends them to his shippes to fetch more and God so heard him and the winde so favoured him that according to his former prayers his whole Army very shortly and very safely arrived I will not here compare this prayer of this pious and victorious Prince vnto that of the great Iosuah at whose request the Sunne stood still as the winde here did at his but that you may see that God did indeed heare the prayers of this King too I will now giue you a more eminent example of it The Papists had one of theirs done it would undoubtedly haue cryed out A miracle and well they might for few such they haue but I will onely thinke of it as of a present and a visible blessing sent from that great God to whom the windes and the Seas obeyed And thus it was The King a little after this having a designe upon Stetin and his Army now readie upon the shoare and his boats readie upon the River to imbarke them the winde behold was contrary and so had beene for some dayes before This the King observing turning a little aside he before his Army with bended knees and hands lift up to Heaven uttered these words O thou most just God! full well thou knowest that this enterprise I did not at first undertake out of any rashnesse or ambition but for the glory of thy most holy Name and the defence of the truth of thy Word here therefore now call I vpon thy Godhead and most humbly doe I beseech thee that with the ayre of thy favour and with a prosperous winde thou wouldst vouchsafe to breath vpon this my vndertaking Amen No sooner was this prayer ended but the winde suddenly as a man might say chopt about and swel'd the Swedish sayles with so hard a gale that the whole Fleete passing the Swing or arme of the Oder was in two houres space runne full sixe Germane myles twentie of ours perchance if not more and all on the sudden when they were little looked for came to an Anchor within an English myle of Stetin to the great admiration of the beholders and the greater defeate of the hopes and purposes of the Imperialists who had a designe within two dayes after to haue layd siege to the same Towne had not God thus miraculously prevented them And thus much though I now giue you out of a Latine Copie yet to confesse the truth did I in the writing of my former Booke finde mentioned in one of the weekly Currantoes how that the Kings Fleete was by a strong and a sudden Northerly winde strangely advanced through the Oder even to the very walles of the Citie But this I durst not then write vpon the bare credite of a common Curranto nor durst I with this winde though a strong one it were adventure to stemme the tyde of popular opinion which I found not onely to runne against but to vse the language of the Sea with a stiffe currant strongly to be set against the credite of these weekly Currantoes Which warinesse of mine made me indeed to leaue out many notable particulars which I since finde reported in the Booke called Ar●● Suecica God Almightie that hath so graciously both heard and granted these two prayers of this pious King heare all the rest also both those that himselfe makes and what other good Christians make likewise for him And those Englishmen that will not I wish they would say Amen vnto it FINIS THE SECOND PART of the Swedish Discipline Containing those Orders and Articles of Warre which haue beene commanded by the King of Sweden to be vnder their severall Penalties obserued in his Majesties Camp Garrisons or elsewhere GVSTAVUS ADOLPHVS By the Grace of God King of the Swedens Gothes and Vandals Great Prince of Finland Duke of Esthonia and Carelia and Lord of Ingria c. Whereas the exactnesse of Auncient Di●cipline and Iustice is now almost vtterly forgotten and in place thereof many strange and enormous abuses crept in amongst our soldiers Wee therefore taking the matter into our tender care and consideration will by the assistance of Almighty God endevour to doe our vttermost both for the reducing of the said forme of Discipline and the rooting out the same abuses vsing to that purpose the way of gentlenesse and admonition vnto some and resoluing to take the course and strictnesse of Iustice vnto others That therefore our soldiers may the better be trained vp to the right vse and handling of their Armes so as may best enable them for our service and defence of our natiue Country and that euery man in like manner may the better eschew what may fall out to be inconuenient Wee haue once againe overseene our former Articles of warres calling our from thence these following Articles which wee haue thought most fit and expedient both for our service and their ordering Streightly willing or commanding ●ll our soldiers both natiues of our Kingdome aswell as Strangers seruing both on Horse and Foote that from the time of their comming into our service they doe duely and obediently obserue

battell or vpon the march shal be shot to death If it be done in any strength or fortified place he shall lose his hand and be turned out of the quarter 37 He who shall once presume to draw his sword vpon the place where any Court of Iustice is holden while it is holden shall lose his life for it 38 He that drawes his sword in any strength or Fort to doe mischiefe therewith after the watch is set shall lose his life for it 39 No man shall hinder the Provost Marshall Generall his Lieftenant or seruants when they are to execute any thing that is for our seruice who does the contrary shall lose his life for it 40 Leaue is giuen vnto the Provost Marshall Generall to apprehend all whatsoeuer that offends against these our Articles of warre All other offenders he may likewise apprehend by his owne Authority 41 If the Provost Marshall Generall shall apprehend any man by his owne Authority he may keepe him either in prison or in Irons but by no meanes doe execution vpon him after the Court of warre is ended without first giuing the Generall notice thereof 42 The Provost Marshals of euery Regiment haue also the same priviledge vnder their owne Regiment Company that the Provost Marshall Generall hath in the Leaguer 43 Euery Sergeant Major commanding in the whole Leaguer what appertaineth to his office shal be obeyed by euery man with his best endeavour 44 Whatsoeuer is to be published or generally made knowne shal be proclaimed by sound of Drumme and trumpet that no man may pretend ignorance in it they who after that shall be found disobedient shal be punished according to the quality of the fact 45 No soldiour shall think himselfe too good to worke vpon any peice of Fortification or other place where they shal be commanded for our service vpon paine of punishment 46 Whosoeuer shall doe his Maiesties businesse slightly or lazily shall first ride the wooden Horse and lye in prison after that with Bread and Water according as the fact shal be adjudged more or lesse heynous 47 All Officers shall diligently see that the soldiers ply their worke when they are commanded so to doe he that neglects his duty therein shal be punished according to the discretion of the Court. 48 All soldiours ought duely to honor and obey their Officers and especially being by them commanded vpon our seruice but if at any time they can on the contrary discouer that they are commanded vpon a seruice which is to our prejudice any manner of way then shall that soldiour not obey him what charge soeuer he receiues from him but presently giue notice of it 49 No Colonell nor Captaine shall command his soldiours to doe any vnlawfull thing which who so does shal be punisht according to the discretion of the Iudges Also if any Colonell or Captaine or other Officer whatsoeuer shall by rigor take any thing away from any common soldiour hee shall answer for it before the Court. 50 No man shall goe any other way in any Leaguer whatsoeuer but the same common way laid out for euery man vpon paine of punishment 51 No man shall presume to make any Alarme in the Quarter or to shoot off his Musket in the night time vpon paine of Death 52 He that when warning is giuen for the setting of the watch by sound of Drumme Fife or Trumpet shall wilfully absent himselfe without some lawfull excuse shall be punisht with the woodden Horse and be put to Bread and Water or other pennance as the matter is of importance 53 He that is taken sleeper vpon the watch either in any strength Trench or the like shall be shot to Death 54 He that comes off his watch where he is commanded to keepe his Guard or drinkes himselfe drunke vpon his watch or place of Sentinell shal be shot to Death 55 He that at the sound of Drumme or Trumpet repaires not to his Colours shal be clapt in Irons 56 When any march is to be made euery man that is sworne shall follow his Colours who euer presumes without leaue to stay behind shall bee punisht 57 And if it be vpon mutiny that they doe it be they many or be they few they shall die for it 58 Who euer runnes from his Colours be hee native or forreiner and does not defend them to the vttermost of his power so long as they be in danger shall suffer death for it 59 Euery man is to keepe his owne ranke and flie vpon the march and not to put othres from their order nor shall any Man cast himselfe behind or set himselfe vpon any waggon or horsebacke the offenders to be punisht according to the time and place 60 He that runnes from his Colours in the field shall die for it and if any of his Comrades kill him in the meane time hee shall be free 61 What euer Regiment shall first charge the Enemy and retyre afterward from them before they come to dint of sword with them shall answere it before our highest Martiall Court 62 And if the thing be occasioned by any O●ficer hee shall bee publikely disgraced for it and then turnd out of the Leaguer 63 But if both Officers and Soldiers be found faulty alike then shall the Officers be punished as aforesaid If it be in the Souldiers alone then shall euery tenth man be hanged The rest shal be condēned to carry all the filth out of the Leaguer vntill such time as they performe some exploit that is worthy to procure their pardon after which time they shall be cleere of the former disgrace But if at the first any man can by the testimonie of ten men proue himselfe not guilty of the Cowardise he shall goe free 64 When any occasion of seruice is he that first runnes away if any man kill him hee shall be free And if at that time he escape and be apprehended afterward he shall bee procl●●med Traytor and then put out of the quarter after which whosoeuer killeth him shall neuer be called to account for it 65 If any occasion be to enter any Castle Towne or 〈◊〉 by assault or breach he who retyres from the place before 〈◊〉 hath beene at handy-blowes with the enemy and hath vsed 〈◊〉 sword so farre as it is possible for him to doe seruice with it 〈◊〉 before he be by maine strength beaten off by the enemy shal be so punisht as the Court shall censure him 66 Whatsoeuer Ensigne bearer shal flye out of any place of battery sconce or redoubt before he hath endured● assaults receiues no reliefe shall be pun●●●ed as before Whatsoeuer Regiment troope or Company is the beginner of any mutiny shal be punisht as is aforementioned The first Author to dye for it and the next consenter to be punisht according to the discretion of the Court. 68 Whatsoeuer Regiment Troope or Company refuses to aduance forward to charge the Enemie but out of feare and cowardise stayes behind their

to the importance of the matter And if it be proued to be preiudiciall vnto vs and aduantageous for the enemie he shall suffer death for it 92 No soldier shall pillage any thing from our subiects vpon any march strength leaguer or otherwise howsomeuer vpon paine of death 93 He that beates his Host or his houshold seruants the first and second time he shal be put in Irons and made to fast with bread and water according as the wrong is that he hath done if the harme be great hee shall bee punisht thereafter according to the discretion of the Court. 94 None shall presume to doe wrong to any that bring necessaries into our Leaguer Castle or strength whatsoeuer or to cast their goods downe off their horses and take away their horses perforce which who so does shall die for it 95 They that pillage or steale eyther in our land or in the enemies or from any of them that come to furnish our Leaguer or strength without leaue shal be punisht as for other theft 96 If it so pleases God that we beate the enemy eyther in the field or in his Leaguer then shall euery man follow the chace of the enemies and no man giue himselfe to fall vpon the pillage so long as it is possible to follow the Enemy and vntill such time as he be assuredly beaten Which done then may their quarters befallen vpō euery man taking what he findeth his owne quarter Neyther shall any man fall to plunder one anothers quarters but rest himselfe contented with that which is assigned him 97 If any man giues himselfe to fall vpon the pillage before leaue be giuen him so to doe then may any of his Officers freely kill him Moreouer if any misfortune ensue vpon their greedinesse after the spoyle then shall all of them suffer death for it And notwithstanding there comes no damage thereupon yet shall they lye in Irons for one Moneth liuing all that while vpon bread and water giuing all the pillage so gotten vnto the next hospitall He that plunders another quarter shall also haue the same punishment 98 When any Fort or place of strength is taken in no man shall fall vpon the spoyle before that all the places in which the enemy is there lodged be also taken in and that the soldiers and Burgers haue layd downe their Armes and that the quarters be dealt out and assigned to euery body Who so does the contrary shall be punished as before 99 No man shall presume to pillage any Church or Hospitall although the strength be taken by assault except hee bee first commanded or that the soldiers and Burgers be fled thereinto and doe harme from thence Who does the contrary shall be punished as aforesaid 100 No man shall set fire vpon any Church Hospitall Schoole or Mill or spoyle them any way except hee bee commanded Neyther shall any tyrannize ouer any Churchman or aged people Men or Women Maydes or Children vnlesse they first take Armes against them vnder paine of punishment at the discretion of the Iudges 101 If any soldier happens to get freeboot in any Castle City Towne Fort strength or Leaguer and moreouer whatsoeuer Ordnance Munition for warre victuals is found there shall be left for Our use the rest shall be the Soldiours onely the tenth part therof shall they giue to the sicke and maymed Soldiours in the hospitals All prisoners shall first be presented vnto Vs amongst which if there be any man of note whom We desire to haue vnto Our selues we promise in lieu thereof honestly to recompence the taker of him according to the quality of the person Other prisoners of inferior ranke may the takers keepe vnto themselues whom by O●r leaue or Our Generals they may put to their ransome and take it to themselues but without leaue they may not ransome them vpon paine of death 102 If any be found drunken in the enemies Leaguer Castle or Towne before the enemy hath wholly yeilded himselfe vp to our mercy and laide downe his armes whosoeuer shall kill the said drunken Soldiour shall be free for it alwayes prouided that good proofe be brought that he was drunken And if that soldiour escapes for that time with his life and that it can appeare that some damage or hinderance hath come vnto Our Seruice by his drunkennesse then wheresoeuer he be apprehended he shall die for it But if no hurt ensued thereof yet shall he be put in Irons for the space of one month liuing vpon his pittance of bread and water 103 All Our soldiours shall duely repaire unto the generall Musters vpon the day and houre appointed nor shall any Colonel or Captaine either of horse or foote keepe back his Soldiours from being mustered at the time when Our Muster Masters shall desire to view them if any refuses he shall be taken for a mutinier 104 No Colonell nor Captaine shall lend any of their soldiours one to another vpon the muster-dayes for the making vp of their numbers compleat He that thus makes a false muster shall answere it at a Martiall Court where being found guilty he shal be proclamed Traytor after which being put out of the Quarter his Colours shall flie no more 105 If any soldiour hires out himselfe for money to runne the Gatelope three seuerall times he shall be beheaded And if any Captaine shall so permit or counsel his soldiour to doe the same he shall be actually cashiered 106 If any horsman borrowes eyther Horse Armer Pistoll Sadle Sword or Harnesse to passe the Muster withall so much as is borrowed shall be escheated and himselfe after that turned out of the Leaguer as likewise he shall that lent it him The one halfe of the Armes forfeited shall goe vnto the Captaine and the other halfe vnto the Perforce 107 If it can be proued that any Horseman hath wilfully spoiled his horse he shall be made Traytor loose his horse and be turned out of the Quarter 108 All Soldiours both of horse and foote shall be taken on at a free muster but not by any priuate Captaine neyther shall their pay goe on before they be mustered by Our Muster-masters 109 No Soldiour either of horse or foote shall be cashiered by his Colonell Captaine or other inferiour officer Nor shall they who being taken on at a free Muster haue their men sworne to serue if it please God vntill the next muster except it be vpon afree muster at which time the Muster-masters and his Colonel may freely giue him his passe 110 If any forreigne soldiour shall desire his passe in any towne of garrison after the enemy be retired he may haue it but by no meanes whilest there is any seruice to be done against the enemy 111 If any soldiour Our natiue Subiects desires to be discharged from the warres he shall giue notice therof vnto the Muster-maisters who if they find him to be sicke or maimed or that he hath serued 20. yeares in our warres or hath beene

as much concernd the King too for that the Countrey now halfe taken by the enemie was not long able to maintaine two such armies That the Duke sourged to the battle was not I suppose because his courage was more then the Kings but because his necessities were more personall and more pressing If he sought not all were lost and if hee were overthrowne all were out lost then much more honourable besides it was to dye for his Countrey in the field in a braue battle then to liue the Emperors Bandite or Almes-man for a while and either to die without an Epitaph or haue that of a coward branded rather then engraven upon his Tomb-stone This hanging off of the Kings drew no doubt the Tyes something the straighter which he before had upon the Duke engaged him perchance into some new promises and privater obligations Thus did the wise King finely suffer himselfe to be drawne into the hazard chiefly upon the opportunity of the Duke keeping to himselfe the inward contentment that he found to see Saxony now so forward and concealing the reason of warre withall which privately cald upon him to hasten the encounter as much as it did Tilly to deferre it whom these of his owne side now the battle is lost condemne for fighting Well the Duke of Saxony that had beene thus forward in the advise would also be as forward in the enterprise For I finde him the first man in the field which the King was willing to permit also for besides that it was an honour to the Duke to be the forwardest in fighting for his owne Countrey the King who as the proverb is knew well enough how to lead his men though he droue not the Saxons before him yet was he the surer of them by having them thus before him Much about this time as the report goes did the Generall Tilly out of the fatall bravary of a confident Souldier and the inevitablenesse of his owne destinie invite his owne overthrow by a Trumpet sent unto the King with a message to this purpose That as hee was a braue Cavalier hee should come and giue him a Battle This low terme of Cavalier the Kings heroicall spirit receiving with a just disdaine as it is sayd trampled upon the Letter thus replying withall unto the Trumpet What! doth your Generall thinke mee worthy of no better a style then of a Cavalier I am a King and tell him I shall well finde him out Tilly vpon receit of this message prepares his Army as if to accept of a victory rather then to fight much for it and very welcome to his men was the tidings of a pitcht battle so confident they were of their owne strength which they counted invincible and so glad of the oportunity What sayth the Count of Pappenheym Field marshall unto Tilly when he saw the blood prodigiously dropping from the houses at Hall where hee then was must wee bleed will the King of Sweden beare us that 's impossible Proclamation hereupon is through every Quarter of the Leaguer made that vpon the hearing of certaine warning peeces every man should repaire to his colours and to his order Some of Tillyes Councell of warre were of opinion that having fortified their leaguer it were best to expect the Swedens falling on vpon it as they had done them at Sweds and Werben But the most voices and courages prevailed that it were more honour to meete the enemie in the field whom perchance they might take vnprovided Vpon the fatall 7. of September therefore being Wednesday the Generall Tilly with full 44000. braue men first advances from his Leaguer into the field The place was a goodly faire plaine field part whereof had beene ploughed about a mile from the Towne of Leipsich Part of Tillyes Leaguer was neere vnto the common burying place without the Citie walls vsually in Germany called Gods Acre Some haue affirmed it to haue beene the very same place where the Emperor Charles the 5th did heretofore over-throw Maurice then Duke of Saxonie But this conjecture of theirs seemes to be contradicted by Sleidan who assignes the place of that former victory to be ad silvam Lochanam the wood of Lochan which they of the Germane Nation affirme to be neerer vnto Hall 18. or 20. English miles from Leipsich Vpon this plaine aforesaid there is a rising ground a little hill and a wood likewise towards the West whereabouts with a fatall Omen the place of execution also is as you may perceiue described in the first Mappe Here had Tilly like a prudent Generall that was carefull for all advantages at first placed himselfe the Hill besides that it served him commodiosly to plant his Canon vpon was very easie withall for him to descend but very troublesome on the other side for the Swedes to climbe vp vnto The wood served him both to hide his men in at first and for a retreat afterwards for them if they should be put vnto it The watch word for his Army was Sancta Maria or as some High Dutch Relations say Mary the Mother of God The token to know one another by was white strings or ribbands about their armes and in their helmets as if they had beene Diademes and that that day would haue made them all Kings The vnion being thus made and the battell concluded vpon betwixt the Kings Majestie of Sweden and their Highnesses the Electors of Saxonie and Brandenburg the King having first over-viewed the Armies vpon Tuesday Sept. 6. commaunds a Bid-day or day of more solemne prayers throughout every Quarter The devotions ended the Army in faire array moved that night from Dieben 4. Dutch miles from Leipsich till they came within 2. Dutch miles some 6. or 8. English miles of the enemie where putting out good Guards and watches they for that night rested That same night had the King a strange dreame a divine one no doubt thus His Majestie thought in his sleepe that he had his enemie Tilly fast by the haire of the head which for all his strugling he would not let goe vntill Tilly seemed to bite him by the left side This vpon the successe of the battell was thus interpreted That the King should haue the vpper hand of his enemie and that Tilly should defeate the Duke of Saxonie who had the left side and hand of the King in the day of battell The next morning being the fatall day Wednesday Sept. 7. which the Germane Writers call diem Reginae they before day light were vpon their march again Being come neere to the Village called Scholcka marked in the Mappe with the letters Ee they might there discrie the Enemie vpon the advantage of the rising ground which wee before spake of Tilly was at first a little deceived by his skowtes and Espialls who vpon the first discovering of the Saxon forces in the gray morning had brought him too hastie word that the Duke of Saxonie was onely then a comming By

their Files then but three deepe and the first ranck falling vpon their knees the second stooping forward and the third standing vpright and all giving fire together they powred so much leade in at once amongst the enemies that their rancks were much broken by it Arnheym on the other side with his Saxon-horse did much execution vpon the enemies foote who had few or no Horse at this time and in this place left to oppose against him And here by all probabilitie it was that the Generall Tilly received his wounds and was supposed though vnknowne to haue been prisoner for a while vnto the Kings Armie But this I cannot affirme Among other Commanders of the Imperialists that fought at this time in this very place these three I finde particular mention of The Earle of Schomberg that day Generall of the Ordnance the Baron of Cronenberg and the Lord of Baumgarten so that these surely were none of the meanest troupes that were led by such honourable personages Something also of what was here done by the Imperialists we may learne by the sayd valiant Baron of Cronenbergs Letter In foure houres sayth Cronenberg I charged the enemy foure times with my Regiment judge you whether we were not at hot service in so much that I verily beleeved that I had defeated my enemy and that the victory was ours I not knowing that our left wing was so miserably defeated And this mistake was by reason of the great smoake for we could not possibly see aboue foure paces before vs. The enemy had possessed themselues of the place whereon our left wing was defeated I then went vp into the very face of them even in that quarter where they brought many fresh Cornets of Horse and some Regiments of foote to charge me The whole Armie doth know yea and our Generall himselfe will witnesse it that but for me our Generall had beene lost whom I perceiving grievously hurt carryed safely off in despight of all the enemies There was a Duke of Saxony that day serving on the Emperours side who behaved himselfe like a Lyon who when all was lost came with our Generall and two or three Horsemen onely in his company into my Regiment I being then in full battell Thus much writes the Baron of himselfe modestly for from other hands wee haue also received it how that when Rodolph Maximilian Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg had by his valour and hardinesse rescued and fetcht off his Generall that the valiant Cronenberg carried them both out of the feild in the middest of his owne now flying troupes Thus by knowing of Cronenbergs place we finde where the Generall Tilly at this time was and that it was Sir Iohn Hebron that overthrew him For this valour and faithfulnesse to their Generall was the Baron Cronenberg much honored and the Duke afterwards entrusted with the keeping of the key of Bavaria the Towne of Donawaert I meane from whence the King of Sweden did of late dayes beate him The King having set on Sir Iohn Hebron vpon Tilly and returned by this time to his owne Right wing presently advances forward with that towards the wood vpon the hill which Tilly had before appoynted for the Retreate of his men because that hereabouts some Regiments had all this while stayed and others that had beene rowted in other places had hitherto resorted here to r'allee and conjoyne themselues together againe To conjoyne themselues together I say for whereas I finde foure of these Regiments now gotten about the Wood to be those of Goies Blanckhart Chesui Balderon and Diderichsteyn which last two made vp one Regiment any man may by the numbers in the Mappe perceiue that these foure were placed very farre asunder in the beginning of the Battell even as farre as the numbers 8 12 15 and 19 are one from another And this is an argument of the great confusion they had beene put vnto in the battell as others likewise had beene in the former fight which Tillies selfe had made where Baumgartens Regiment which had beene at first marshalled neere the very end of the left wing at the number 4 was now conjoyned with Schomberg and Cronenberg whose first place was in the further end of the right wing at the numbers 26 and 27 and both these from the ends of both wings conjoyned with Tilly in the middleward or mayn-battayle But to the story The King now-in person setting vpon these new revnited forces with such courage and successe charges in vpon them that at the first onset cutting in peices those troups that had the guard of the Ordnance and then turning the Canon vpon the residue he had the slaughter of a great many of them and the rowting of as many more Yet all fled not for the Goiesish Blanckhartish Chesuish and Balderonish Regiments before mentioned stood to their Armes brauely Old Lads they were and experienced Souldiers too such as feared not an enemy with an iron face and that cared not for a halfepenny chop in their owne flesh These to their great prayse as the Kings owne description of the Battell sayes made good the wood for a long time against his Majestie killd him a many of braue fellowes Nor would they budge a foote for notwithstanding they were now desperate and out of hope to be eyther seconded or fetcht off all their Armie being by this time overthrowne and they knwoing of it yet did they fight it out almost to the last man a few of them onely whom it had beene pittie to haue killed retrying themselues when no more could be done vnder the benefit of a mixed Cloud of smoake and dust and darkenesse For by this time it was neere vpon seaven a clocke at night by which houre the Imperiall Army every where was altogether in disorder flight and confusion Thus after fiue houres hard fight the victory fell vnto his Majestie of Sweden whose Horsemen so long continued the chase vntill the darknesse made it dangerous to pursue the enemy any further The Tillians fled every way some to Leipsich others to Eilenburg and the Townes thereabouts and others towards Hall every man glad to hide his head any where The joyfull retreate being sounded thereupon the Kings Armie as Maisters of the Feild kept their possession of it though but by lying vpon the bare ground and vnder the blew Skyes for that night Conquerours surely had beene worthy of a better harbourough but the vniversall joy suffered no man but the wounded to complaine of the want of a featherbed The next morning was the chace begunne againe when the over-taken enemies wanting eyther Leaders or Armes or hearts must suffer the Law of Armes to passe vpon them eyther to begge quarter or endure the slaughter And this was the end of that formidable Armie of his Imperiall Majestie and of the Catholike Leaguers which for eleven yeares together before the comming of the King of Sweden had given the Law vnto all Germany had