of May. During this interval a French Cavalier in the Enemies Army came over to ours and gives advice to the Duke of Enguien that General Beck was to arrive the next morning by 7 a clock with 1000 Horse and 3000 Foot to re-inforce the Enemy hereupon it was resolved to fight by break of day which no sooner appeared but the General having taken the Right wing of the Army and the Mareschal de l' Hospital the Left about a quarter of a League from Rocroy they disposed themselves to do their best The Enemies Army being composed of 25000 men viz. 17000 Foot and 8000 Horse the Infantry commanded by the Comte d' Isemberg and the Cavalry by the Duke d'Alberquerque and the Comte de Fontaines Mareschal General du Camp under Fancisco de Mello General for the King of Spain The French Army was 14000 Foot and 6000 Horse The Duke of Enguien having visited the several Divisions and encouraged the Officers to perform their Duty the Skirmish begins and 1000 Musqueteers of the Enemy are forced to give ground On the Left the Sieur de la Ferté-Seneterre charging the Enemy the Combat was so obstinate that he was Wounded in ten several places and taken prisoner though a while after rescued During this advantage the Enemy took our Cannon but the Mareschal de l' Hospital with his succours charged and recovered them again In this lively action he was wounded in the Arm with a Musquet-shot so that he was forced to leave the fight This accident gave the Enemy such advantage that once more they took our Cannon and used them against us but the Baron de Siron Mareschal de Camp of the Cavalry having a body of reserve rallies our men and stops the Enemie's success In the mean while our Right wing having routed the Cavalry attaques the Spanish Foot which she cuts in pieces In fine the Sieur Gassion coming up they are all put to the Rout. We lost there about 20 Officers and as many Wounded On the Enemies side beside a great number of Dead of lesser note the Comte de Fontaines was killed and the Comte d' Isemberg wounded to death and 6000 Prisoners among whom 200 Officers and 20 pieces of Cannon From this signal Victory which has insencibly carried this Discourse beyond its intended Bounds we will proceed to the Funerals of Lewis the Just the preparatives for which were made the 22 of July the day preceding ended the * A space of forty days during which time Prayers are continually made for the Dead Quarantaine during all which time the Queen-Mother remained shut up thereby to give place more opportunely to the sensible regrets for the loss of her Spouse Monday was appointed for the Funeral-Ceremonies at which did assist the Princes Prelates and Soveraign Courts of Justice The Kings Body was placed in the midst of a Chappel all flaming with Lights and the Solemn Service made at St. Denis in France where also the Body was deposited in the Vault of his Predecessors The 29th of July Madam the Dutchess of Enguien was happily delivered of a Son who bears the Name of Duke d'Albert The 2 of August the Duke of Beaufort youngest of the two Sons of the Duke of Vendôme was arrested and imprisoned in the Bois de Vincennes The Duke of Enguien after the Victory at Rocroy and the taking of Cirq returns to Paris with the Comte de Rantzau and on the 7th of October the King and Queen Regent were pleased to leave the Louvre to inhabit at the Palais Royal about which time also was sent to the Abbey of St. Germains desprez one of St. Placidus's Arms by the great Master of Malta which Relique was solemnly received by the Religious The Civil troubles in England continuing the Comte de Harcour was sent on the part of his most Christian Majesty to compose if possible the discontents between the King of great Britain and his Parliament but he found the Spirits of the Dissenters so little disposed that way that he returned without success About the same time a crew of Raskals at Rovergüe who took the name of * Croquans Devourers did raise a Tumult which notwithstanding was soon after supprest by the Comte de Noüaille As our Kings have alwaies had this advantage to give Laws to Strangers and not to receive them so also have they been constant Mediators of Concord among Christian Princes and particularly of the reconciliation of the Duke of Parma with his Holiness of which the Treaty was concluded at Paris and the Articles signed by the Cardinal Dongly Plenipotentiary for his Holiness and by the Cardinal Bichy Plenipotentiary on the part of his Majestie for the Duke of Parma In which Treaty he continued the Title enjoyed by our former Kings of Arbiters of Christian Princes A while after les Sieurs de Servient and d'Avaux Plenipotentiaries for his Majesty parted from France to conclude the Peace which in fine was presently effected The 21 of November Monsieur Lesoit Doctor and professor at the Sorbonne who for his singular merits had been named to the Bishoprick of Chartres was consecrated at Paris The Mareschal de Guebriant a Breton whose valour was signalized in the last King's Raign being now at the siege of Rothweil in Germany was wounded with a Faulcon-shot the 24th of November of which he died his Body being conveyed to Paris by the King 's express order his Funerals were performed with great solemnity Anno 1644. The Year 1644. was no less fertile in producing new Lawrels for France than the former But before we attempt to display these Victories it is not impertinent to observe by the by the Death of Anne de Montasie Widow of Charles of Bourbon Comte of Soissons Prince of the Blood and great Master of France who died at Paris aged 67 years she left by her Will 100000 Crowns to the Chevalier de Soissons Bastard-son to the deceased Comte de Soissons who was slain in the Battle of Sedan The Town of Gravelines was besieged by Monsieur the Duke of Orleans who invested it the 6. of June assisted by the Dukes of Guise and Nemours the Comte de Harcour Eldest son of the Duke d'Elbeuf and the Mareschals de la Meleraye de Gassion de Cossé and the Marquess d'Alegre This Siege may be placed in the number of the most difficult such was the stout resistance of the besieged which notwithstanding had no power to stop the Victories of France Here in one of our Attaques fell the Marquess de Nangis In fine the Besieged under the Conduct of Ferdinando de Solis finding himself out of all hope of Relief which Picolomini had once made a shew of giving surrendered to the Duke of Orleans the 29th of July And at the same time died Vrban 8th after he had possess'd the Holy Seat 21 years Now also past an Arrest in the Parliament of Paris prohibiting all Physitians whatsoever except those of the University of
disguise being there Besieged by the Parliament-Forces and fled to the Scots who shewed him no part of that due reception which belongs to their King but sent him under a strong Convoy to Newcastle to which place also the King of France sends the Sieur de Montreüil to reside neer him and reconcile him to the Parliament On the 9th of May the Comte de Harcour lays siege to Lerida where in our first Attaques we lost the Comte de Chabot and the Marquiss de Gévres Sons to the Comte de Tremes On the 14th of June the Town of Courtray in Flanders was taken by the French Army notwithstanding that Duke Charles Picolomini and Lamboy made a shew of Relief In Italy the Town Orbitello in Tuscany was besieged by the Prince Thomas Here our Admiral Commanding a Fleet on the part of the Besiegers was killed by a Cannon-shot in a Naval fight In fine Prince Thomas was forced to retire the Enemies Forces being augmented by fresh succours July 8th the Prince of Wales Eldest son to the King of England arrived at Caën in Normandy and from thence directly to the Queen his Mother at St. Germain en Laye The 13th of July died Messire Roger de Bellegarde Duke and Pair of France and Grand Escuyer aged 83 years and 7 moneths and the 26th of the same moneth died also his Brother Octavius de Bellegarde Arch-Bishop of Sens. His decease was preceded by two other Prelates viz. Messire Abra de Raconis Bishop of Lavaur in Languedoc and Messire François de Pericard Bishop of Eureux Longuvy the onely place that remained in the Duke of Lorain's Territories was taken about this time by the Marquiss de la Ferté Seneterre The Assembly of the Clergy ending about the 30th of July Messire Jean François Paul de Gondy Arch-Bishop of Corinth and Coadjutor in the Arch-bishoprick of Paris made an Harangue to the King in the name of all the Clergy And now Messire le President Believre was sent Embassador into England where he had favourable Audience by the Parliament at London the 27 of July and the first of August by the King at Newcastle In the beginning of August the Fort of Mardike was Besieged by Monsieur the Duke of Orleans the brisk Attaques which we gave took from us at the very first the Chivalier de la Füeillade le Sieur du Terrail of the same Race with Captain Bayard and three days after the Comte de Fley and the Chevalier de Fiesque The Duke of Nemours was Wounded by a Musquet-shot in his Leg but without hurting the Bone and as favourably the Prince de Marsillac Eldest son to the Duke de la Rochfoucault The 22 of August the Sieur de Grignan had his Head taken off by a Cannon-shot This resistance by the Besieged enflamed the Courage of our party and the mouth of the Channel being stopt by six ships of Holland so that the Besieged were forced to receive all their Relief from Gravelines to which they had been as a Bulwork Mardike finding her self so severely prest began to Parley the Besieged were received to Composition by Monsieur the Duke of Orleans and the chief Articles were that 3000 men then and there in Garrison should come out Life and Baggage safe but should remain Prisoners of War The place thus taken the Sieur de Chalen was made Governour The 6th of September the Comte Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie Embassador extraordinary from Swedeland arrived at Paris where he was extream kindely received by their Majesties and lodged at the Hostel de Vendôme In the mean while News arrives at Court that on the 17th of September his Holiness at the Kings Instance had restored those of the House of Barberins to their Goods conditionally that the two Cardinals should abide some while at Avignon At the same time the Mareschal de Bassompierre aged 68 years dies suddainly at Provins Dunkirk which hitherto had been the receptacle of Pirates who had continually scowred the Seas on all the Coasts of France was Invested by the Duke of Enguien on the 17th of September and assaulted so vigorously by our Souldiers excited by the courage of their Commander that on the tenth of October it surrendered by Composition The Marquiss de Leide the Governour march'd out with 1500 men of which 400 Sick and Wounded and he confest to have lost 600 of his best Souldiers The Mareschal of Rantzau succeeded to the place of Governour for the French Dunkirk was first built 600 years since by Baudoüin Earl of Flanders After that it was burnt down by the English in the year 1388. Rebuilt by the French and after taken by the Spaniards who kept it till the present Conquest The King's Army in Italy commanded by the Mareschals de la Mêleraye take the Town Castle and Citadel of Piambino in Tuscany at which time Monsieur the Marquiss Villeroy the King's Governour received from the hands of their Majesties the Oath of Mareschal of France Portolongona a place scituated in the Isle of Elb lying in the Tuscan-Sea between the Continent of Italy and Corsica which was heretofore usurp'd from its own lawful Lord by a Captain of the Emperour Charles the 5th in the year 1548. after that delivered into the possession of his son Philip the 2d and whose Successors held it ever since was now Besieged and taken by the French Army In the midst of this Island rises a Spring on this account the more admirable that its Waters are observed to hold proportion with the length of the daies of the year in such manner that when they are at the longest the Stream is able to drive a Mill but when at the shortest 't is almost dry Lerida in Catalonia having been besieged by the Comte de Harcour for the space of 7 moneths was relieved the 21 of November in the night by the Marquiss de Leganez General of the Spanish Army who forcing our Lines with 7000 Foot and 3000 Horse our party though at the first they made a stout resistance encouraged by the Valour of their Commander yet finding themselves o'repower'd by the number of the Enemy were constrained to retire but in good order into Cerveres with 6000 Foot and 1000 Horse by that means to secure the Country We lost there the Comte de Origny In revenge of this action the Sieur de St. Colom-Marin Mareschal of the Field took from the Enemy the Town of Arbera the 6th of December following The 26th of the same moneth Madam la Dutchess of Orleans was happily delivered of a second Daughter The same day the 26th of December being the Feast of St. Steven Henry de Bourbon Prince of Condé deceased at Paris aged 58 years and three moneths he left two Sons and a Daughter the * Formerly called Duke of Enguien Eldest of which makes no inconsiderable part in the French History of these last years by reason of his many Renowned Exploits of War Sieges and Battles in which things
Memoires Of the Affairs of FRANCE During the Reign of the present KING LEWIS the XIV CONTAINING The most noted Exploits of the now Prince of Condé the late Mareschal de Turenne and all the chief Commanders in the French Armies Done out of French Ex pede Hercules Licensed May the 10th 1675. Roger L'Estrange London Printed by J. C. for T. Dring at the Harrow at the corner of Chancery-lane in Fleet-street 1675. ADVERTISEMENT THis brief Account of many great Actions Translated out of the French History reduite en Sommaire may satisfie the Curious as to the Affairs of France under her active Monarch who now governs till a more elaborate History and consequently more correspondent to the Grandeur of its Subject gives a fuller and particular account to the publick 'T is possible some may think our Author writes with too much concern and interest of his own party such upon due consideration will acknowledge this the best or if you had rather the most janté of all the defects proper to that people and that the French are to be applauded in this particular more than some of their Neighbour-Nations that they always speak the best of their King and Country not seeking to finde fault with the Royal Conduct but to magnifie it rather more than less than the true merit of the Actions Historical Abbreviations though in a small Volume are not always of the least use for beside the Example of Justin the Epitomizer of Trogus among the Ancients we have in this our Age the judicious Dr. Heylin who with much judgement and fidelity has in this sort of Miniature drawn to the life the Tragical History of our late Soveraign of ever-Sacred Memory There is no need of a further Preface than onely to admonish the Reader that the Dates and Timing of things so oft occurring in this short History must be understood according to the Forrain or new Stile ten days more forward than ours Farewel J. 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Son of Francis Hollyoke the Learned Enlarger of Rider's Dictionary which said Dictionary is in great part already printed in a fair large Folio and will in a short time be finished and published and will contain above 6000 words in the English and 2000 in Latine more than hath been in any Dictionary yet extant Besides it will have the Phrases the Customs Habits and Ceremonies of Countries for the better understanding of the Latine Historians not only fit for School-boys but necessary and useful for all Students and Scholars whatsoever and will be sold by Tho. Dring at the corner of Chancery-lane in Fleet-street and others Goldman's Dictionary lately printed with large Additions in 4º and sold by T. Dring ERRATA PAge 11. line 22. read Tournon p. 19. l. 1. r. at the same time p. 67. l. 19. r composed it p. 71. l. 7. r. his Eminency p. 71. l. 11. r. deceased p. 79. l. 16. dele to p. 90. l. 13. r. disadvantagious MEMOIRES OF THE Reign of LEWIS the 14th The present KING of France Anno 1643. LEwis 14th Eldest son of Lewis 13th being in the fifth year of his Age succeeded to the Crown the 65th in number of our Kings The King never dies in France uno avulso non deficit alter Therefore immediately after the Court of Parliament had assembled the King was received accompanied with the Queen Regent his Mother Monseigneur the Duke of Anjou the King's Brother Monsieur the Duke of Orleans his Uncle and Monsieur the Prince of Condé where the Queen was declared Regent during the Kings minority and Monsieur the Duke of Orleans General of all the Forces No sooner was the King seated in the Throne Royal thereby to take possession of the Crown of his Ancestors but he saw himself under the shadow of victorious Palms brought from Rocroy by the Duke of Enguien General of his Triumphant Army On the 9 of May the Duke of Enguien having Rendezvouz'd his Troops on the Banks of the Oise and the Somme received advice that the Enemy under the command of the Count d' Isemburg had invested Rocroy the second past upon this intelligence he sends immediately the Sieur Gassion to give some diversion to their Attempts who on his arrival having made their chief Force draw together took that opportunity to put 100 men into the Town and this Succour gave the Besieged occasion to retake their Out-works which the Enemie had quitted The 18 of May was resolved on to relieve the place effectually to that end the Duke of Enguien assisted by the Mareschal de l'Hospital and the Mareschals of the Camp appeared with his Cavalry that day about two of the clock afternoon and immediately on his arrival caused his Army to draw into Battalia At five in the evening the Enemies Cannon began to play and cut off many of our men but they were soon answered by our Artillerie which appeared as the Lightning to that Thunder which was to follow The night coming on by order of a Council of War the dispute was deferred till next morning the 19
he has rendered his Name Renowned having joyned Mars and Minerva in his own person The second son is Monsieur the Prince of Conty The Daughter Mademoiselle de Bourbon Married Monsieur the Duke of Longueville Anno 1647. In the beginning of the year 1647. though the Winter-season invited our Troops rather into Garrison yet such was the courage of the Mareschal de Gassion that nothing relenting at the extremity of the Weather he undertakes the siege of Ingelmunster the Garrison of which place was no small impediment in our Victualling Courtray This place was Attaqu'd with such fury that she was forced to yield by the end of February The Governour with his Garrison was conducted to Courtray having received no other composition than to remain Prisoners of War Also the Marquiss of Marolles Governour of Thionville a place heretofore taken by the now Prince of Condé presently after his Victory at Rocroy in the year 1643. about the same time defeated a party of the Garrison of Luxemburg by means of an Ambuscade where he killed and took Prisoners above 100 men About the end of the said Moneth of February the Mareschal de Turenne invests Tubinguen in Germany and after a Siege of seventeen or eighteen daies submits the place to the King's obedience This did contribute much to the Treaty of Neutrality not long after concluded with the Duke of Bavaria in which was comprised the Elector of Cologne Since the Arch-Duke Leopold had quitted the Conduct of the Imperial Forces to be General in the Low-Countries he had raised on the suddain a compleat Army with which he Invests Armentieres under the Government of the Sieur du Plessis-Bellievre This Siege being so surprizing made the courage of our party yield to necessity so that for want of Ammunition the place was surrendered the 31 of May. The Garrison remained all Prisoners of War except the Governour and Principal Officers At this time the King and Queen Regent were at Amiens to give their orders more effectually for securing the Frontiers of Picardy The Arch-Duke Leopold having taken Armentieres lays siege to Landrecies where the Garrison not being sufficient to secure their Outworks the Sieur Heudicourt their Governour after a courageous defence of three Weeks was forced to surrender the 18th of July The Mareschal de Gassion finding that he was unable to succour Landrecies joyned with the Mareschal de Rantzau to revenge that loss elsewhere this last in three days made himself Master of Dixmude and the Mareschal de Gassion so vigorously Assaulted la Bassée that he forced the Besieged to surrender at the end of eight daies After this the Mareschal in one day takes the Fort Nieufdan neer Newport and Sluise with several other little Forts all which he Demolish'd During this the Marquiss de Caracene sent to relieve Newport in case of a Siege obliges the Mareschal to an Engagement in which Rencounter the Enemy lost 300 men and we not above fifteen The French Army being now in sufficient condition to oppose their Enemies the King and Queen Regent leave Amiens the 27th of July and take the way of Abbeville passing thence to Dieppe they were received by the Sieur de Montigny who met them in the head of 500 Gentlemen The 9th of August they arrive at Paris The Mareschal de Rantzau considering that the Mareschal de Gassion was necessitated to remain in the midst of his Enemies to keep la Bassée makes a shew of besieging Lens and by that means having diverted the Enemy and brought off Gassion from all danger attaques the Troops of Duke Charles lately arrived from Luxemburg and defeats 800 men of which he took 200 Prisoners Presently after the Armies of these two Generals being united the 10th of September march against the Common Enemy and often Skirmish but always with advantage on our side The 23 of September our Army having past the River Lis the next day arrives before Lens The Mareschal Gassion took the plain of Doway and the Sieur de Villequier the Bridge Avandin the night following they opened their Trenches and the 26th the Cannon began to batter but the Mareschal Gassion being on his way to succour the Sieur de Villequier at the Bridge Avandin and understanding that the Enemy had taken it returns to the Trenches The 28th he hearing that the Besieged had raised a Pallisade neer the Town-gate he gives order that the Posts be immediately pluck'd up and being told it was a matter of extraordinary danger by reason of the Enemies continual firing from that quarter he goes thither himself and as he was trying to move one of the Posts receives a Musquet-shot in the side of his head with which he falls from his Horse and being taken up and carried to Arras deceased the 10th of October in the 38th year of his Age. But the Sieur de Villequier continues the siege of Lens and that with such resolution and effect that the Besieged are forced to surrender the third of the same October and the Comte de Palluau Mestre de Camp of the Cavalry took possession of the place with a French Garrison In the mean time the Enemy thinking to divert the siege of Lens besiege Dixmude which place after a courageous resistance on our part was forced to surrender The Mareschal de Turenne receiving orders from the King to march into Germany understands that Major-General Rose by secret practises had debauched several Souldiers of his Troops hereupon having first endeavoured by all means possible to reclaim him to his duty though ineffectually to prevent a greater disorder he secures his person and sends him Prisoner to Philipsburg About this time the Spaniards under the Conduct of Bonichausen Mareschal de Camp Imperial Colonel Frangipani Governour of Frankendal and Colonel Garnier form a designe to besiege Worms the Garrison consisting but of 100 men The Sieur de la Marche Governour of the place perceiving the weakness of the place and being prest by the Enemy who had already struck a terrour into the Citizens engaged to surrender in case he received no relief in two daies Hereupon he sends immediately to the Governour of Philipsburg who dispatches the Sieur de la Poquetiere a Gentleman of Touraine with 100 men who guarded with other Succours pass the Enemy enter the Town and without ever resting Sally immediately at another Gate on the opposite side charging the Enemy in that quarter so courageously that in fine they beat them off and * That is to drive a Nail or Iron-pin into the Touch-hole so that they become useless Nail'd their Cannon in such manner that the Enemy finding no hopes of gaining the place quitted the siege In Catalonia the Mareschal de Gramont by order of the Prince of Condé having pursued the Spaniards who besieged Constantine return'd and joyns with our Army the 12 of October and the 21 Monsieur the Prince of Condé having drawn together all our Troops on advice that the Spaniards under the Conduct of the
retakes Barbesieux Pondesat and la Reole though the Baron of Vatteville was come into the River of Bourdeaux to assist the Princes on the part of the Catholick King who serving himself of the present troubles sent Dom John of Austria to Besiege Barcelona of which with much ease he became Master However the loss was in some sort repaired by the reduction of Mont-rond of which place the Mareschal de Palluau who Commanded at the Siege had order to cast down the Fortifications Towards the end of this Campagne the measure of our disgraces was arrived to that fulness as to loose also Dunkirk and Casal the first to the Spaniards the other to the Duke of Mantua The Cardinal de Rets Coadjutor of Paris having been arrested in the Louvre by the Sieur de Villequier was conducted to the Bois de Vincennes where having been detained for a considerable time was from thence conveyed by the Mareschal de la Mêleraye to the Castle of Nantes from which in the open day he escaped first to Belle-Isle and then to Rome The Marquiss of Vieville Super-Intendant of the Finances being deceased the Sieur de Servient and the Sieur Fouquet Attorney-General were joyntly put into the Office Also the Cardinal Antonio Barberin had the Office of Grand Aumosnier of France confer'd the 8th of April late void by the death of the Cardinal of Lyons Anno 1653. The year 1653. began successfully in Bourgogne Bellegarde is besieged by the Duke of Espernon Governour of that Province and in spite of the Marquiss of Bouteville's resistance who Commanded the place for the Prince of Condé he forced a submission to the Arms of his Majesty Rhetel Mouzon and St. Menehou not long after followed the same fortune But the taking of Rocroy by the Prince abated a little the publick joy for these advantages This Success was followed by the reduction of Bourdeaux and all the other Towns of Guyenne who had taken Arms in the Rebellion As also by the accommodement of the Prince of Conty and the Dutchess of Longueville who came in to the Amnestie but the Princess of Condé refusing to use that favour put her self directly on the way to Flanders with her son the Duke of Enguien Anno 1654. On the 19th of January 1654 the King being seated in his Court of Parliament at which were present a sufficient number of Peers Process was commenced against Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Condé which ended the 27th of March. About the end of May his Majesty took his Journey towards Rheims to be there Crowned and Anointed he arrived the third of June and being received by the Burgesses and Inhabitants with extraordinary testimonials of love he was conducted to the Cathedral of Nostre-Dame where the Bishop of Soissons attended him with the Quire and Canons of the Church The 7th following was performed that admirable Ceremony of his Anointing and Coronation by the said Bishop who in that Office represented the Arch-Bishop of Rheims At the same time the Town of Stenay was Besieged and forced to surrender to the King's obedience though the Prince of Condé did his utmost to relieve it But the Prince acknowledging the loss unavoidable immediately march'd the whole Force of the Spanish Army towards Arras to which he lays siege with 30000 men and all this before our Generals could possibly put into the place any Succours considerable Here he made a Circumvallation that seemed to defie all the force of the World notwithstanding the Lines that compassed it how dreadful soever were so vigorously attaqued by our Army sent to endeavour the relief that the Enemies were constrained to abandon their designes sufficient to intimidate any Nation but the French We gained by this flight of theirs which happened on St. Lewis's day sixty pieces of Cannon and all the Baggage of the Besiegers 'T is also possible they had all found their Graves on the place had not the Prince the Arch-Duke and other Chiefs having left him bestir'd himself more than ordinary to asswage the precipitate violence of the retreat The Mareschal de la Ferte-Seneterre desirous to end the Campagne as gloriously as it was begun and continued this year led the Body which he commanded before Clermont which he Besieges and takes In the mean time our other Chiefs observe the broken condition of the Spanish Army which all the Winter did nothing but onely threaten Quesnoy which place was so well furnish'd by the Marquiss de Chastelnau assisted by the Marquiss de Monpoüillon and the Chevalier de Maupeou that she found her self in no condition to fear her Enemies Anno 1655. The beginning of the year 1655 was remarkable for the decease of Pope Innocent 10th happening on the 7th of January after whose death the Cardinals entering the Conclave the 17th of the same moneth and there continuing till the 7th of April where all the Embassadors were also present to perform their Complements they elected to the Holy Seat Cardinal Chisi a Gentleman of Sienna as the most worthy in the Sacred Colledge he had been in all the considerable Offices belonging to the Chair of Rome and being now in the supreamest took the name of Alexander 7th His inclination to Peace gave hopes that he would procure it to Christendom provided he found the Spaniard as much disposed to it as France which hopes we have at length seen happily effected About this time the Duke of Guise arrived from Naples And the Court thought convenient to send into Portugal to purchase there a certain number of Ships for the King's service In May 1655 Monsieur the Prince of Conty Lieutenant-Generalissimo and Vice-roy for his Majesty in Catalonia took by Assault Cap-de Tiers and in July continuing the course of his Victories he took Chastillon and Saulsone No less glorious success had our Arms in Flanders than in Catalonia by the taking of Landrecy in the face of 35000 men which being all their force our Enemies had united if possible to secure this important place but the event rendered their endeavours to no purpose Following the course of our succesful projects in August the same year we took Condé and St. Guillain the King commanding there in person and having for his Lieutenant-Generals de Turenne and la Ferté-Seneterre In November following Peace was concluded and proclaimed between France and England the Treaty was made at Westminster Monsieur de Bourdeaux being Embassador from his Majesty to the said Republick During this year the Dukes of Mantua and Modena arrived in France to perform to his Majesty their several Homages Then arrived also his Enemy Cardinal Antonio Barberin Nephew to the late Pope Vrban the 8th named by his Majesty for his Grand Aumosnier in place of the decased Cardinal of Lyons Anno 1656. On the third of January being the Feast of St. Geneviefve 1656 Messire Matthew Molé Gardes Sceaux of France deceased about seven in the Morning after three daies sickness in the 72 year of his age during
which time he had past most of the chief Offices belonging to his robe namely that of the President of Requests of the Palace Attorney-General in the Parliament which place he exercised neer 27 years first President in the said Assembly neer thirteen years and lastly Gard de Sceaux and all these with a marvelous integrity and fidelity to the King's service The next day the Chancelier of France coming to attend the King according to the orders sent him by the Sieur Mancini his Majesty by the advice of his Eminency gave him the Seals in the Queens presence with all possible demonstrations of the just esteem which he had for this so eminent and sage Head of the French Justice In the same year the King having laid siege to Valenciennes where the Mareschal de Turenne commanded in the quality of Lieutenant-General and having now reduced this important place and the Spanish Forces to their very last effort but not being able to prevent the succours he raised the siege Though immediately after his Majestie 's Army in Italy under the conduct of the Duke of Modena took Valence and at the same time his said Majesty forced la Capelle to submission in sight of the Enemy's Army consisting of more than 30000 men On the 8th of September the Princess Christina late Queen of Swedeland after she had abjured Heresie between the Pope's own hands at Rome and resigned her Kingdom to her Cozin Charles Gustavus Prince Palatine arrived at Paris where she was most magnificently received after this and that she had saluted the King at Compiegne she returned to Rome This year ended happily with a Universal Jubile which began the first Sunday of Advent and ended the second of January 1657. Anno 1657. This year begins with the loss of the Town of St. Guillain which the Spaniards recovered from us the Garrison retiring to Guise after an honourable Capitulation The season now approaching to draw into the Campagne Monsieur the Mareschal de Turenne took the way of Flanders there to command our Forces The King followed not long after making his Family immediately set forwards for Compeigne Monsieur le Mareschal de la Ferté having also directed his march towards Luxemburg with a considerable Army Monsieur the Mareschal de Turenne assisting him at a distance with his Troops he invests Montmedy the 11th of June and wrought at the Lines with such a resolution that in spight of all resistance from the Besieged they were compleated the 15th following In regard this place was of such importance to the Catholick King the Spanish Commanders did their utmost to relieve it but with no success and therefore they think of some other way Having then intelligence that the Garrison of Calais had been of late much weakened by the absence of 300 men drawn off from thence to re-inforce that at Ardres they resolve to attaque it at unawares but it resisted with so much glory that the Assailants not able to effect their designes retired with shame The Spaniards unable to relieve Montmedy the Inhabitants were forced to capitulate the 6th of August The Garrison consisting of 300 Musqueteers and 100 Horse left the place and were conducted within sight of the Walls of Arlon The King entred and viewed the Walls round on Horseback He made the Baron de St. Pé Governour to whose place not long after succeeded the Marquiss de Vandy one of his Majestie 's Generals and Camp-Master to the Carabines The Conquest of Montmedy was followed by that of St. Venant from which place the Spaniards desiring to divert our Arms made a shew to attaque Ardres where notwithstanding they were forced shamefully to raise their siege with the loss of the entire Regiment of Persan who were all cut to pieces The rest of this Campagne past in petty Skirmishes in particular the Garrison of Rocroy was soundly beaten in seeking to raise a Contribution among the neighbour Villages Dom John of Austria the Prince of Condé and several Troops with them having put themselves into Dunkirk on some designe the Mareschal de Turenne on his part prepares to attaque Mardike which he did so effectually that it was soon after surrendered to the discretion of our Commanders the Enemy having deferred to capitulate till it was too late We were no less happy in Italy The Castle of Monteri surrendered to the force of our Arms so also did the Castle of Non which was taken before the very face of the Comte de Fuensaldaigne by the Prince of Conty After this we invest Alexandria but the siege there was no sooner formed but raised again and that for the Conquest of Montecalvo and the Castle of Monts places which made us Masters of Monferrat Nothing considerable past this year in Catalonia where at that time the Duke of Candale commanded but died in his return at Lyons The Magazine of Powder in the Town-house at Bourdeaux took fire by some accident which reduced that poor Town into a deplorable condition This misfortune happened on the third of December Innocent the 10th deceasing as aforesaid Alexander the 7th succeeded in the Papacy who desiring above all things to see the two greatest Kings of Europe united in a Peace proposed it first to his most Christian Majesty and endeavoured to incline him but he received for answer that the onely obstruction lay on the part of his Enemies and that he was always most willing Anno 1658. This so generous Declaration thus happily opening the way gave no small hopes for the effecting so great a good but first his Majesty found himself obliged to force the Spaniards to reason by a further pursuit of his Victories beginning with the siege of Dunkirk which soon after being taken he put it into the hands of Milord Lockhart the English Embassador conditionally that he should permit no violence to the Religion of the Inhabitants The taking of this place though of chief concern 't was too small a Conquest for our Invincible Monarch The Battle of Dunes which we gained intirely with the addition of Bergues St. Winox Furnes and Dixmude followed this gallant Enterprize The Spaniards were seized with terrour at the sight of so many Conquests and the consternation was so great among them that at the very name of the French they took their heels before Newport with the loss of 800 Horse and 3000 Cows which our party took without any resistance Amidst so many Lawrels our invincible Monarch was assaulted by a violent Feaver which in a little time reduced him to much extremity but God who is always vigilant for the conservation of Kingdoms restored this young Mars to his people beyond all their hopes His health being thus recovered his Majesty leaves Calais to return to Paris where all the Soveraign Courts and the Burgesses went out to meet him testifying with how great joy they had received the happy news of his recovery of which they had been almost desperate In the mean time the
held over the Font for the King of England by the Duke of Enguien who named him Philip-Charles and by Mademoiselle for the Queen He deceased the eighth ensuing Anno 1667. The Queens happy delivery of a Princess on the second of January was a joyful Newyears-gift to all France and welcomed with the Ballet of the Muses adorn'd with many Entries and Dialogues This served for a pleasing Divertisement all the Carnival appearing always different by reason of continual new Embelishments and Scenes The Grand Seigneur having now resolved and disposed all things necessary for the important Siege of Candy sends the Grand Vizier to make the necessary preparations for the siege and to assemble in the Isle 40000 men and 15000 Pioneers he held it in a manner invested round with Batteries and Attaques in which he wrought from December to the 27th of June at which time it was besieged with great vigour and resolution and extraordinarily well defended by the Marquiss Ville and those Troops and Succours which the Venetians had sent him On the seventh of February the Pope made a promotion of four Cardinals the Duke of Vandôme the Arch-Bishop of Saltsburg the Duke of Monstrate and the Sieur Delphino and names Roberti Spinola Visconti and Caraccioli who were reserved in petto since last year The several Musters of the King's Troops and in particular that of Oüilles the Feasts and Triumphs at Versailles and those noble Divertisements of running in * Courses de Quadrilles Squadrons and such other delights surprized the Spaniards and their Embassador who became perswaded we past a whole Campagne thus And now the War between England France and Holland growing towards an end Breda is chosen for the place of Treaty at which place the several Deputies meeting conclude a Peace the 31 of July On the 20th of April the King went personally to the Palace to cause there to be verified his new Ordinance by which he reforms and regulates Judicial proceedings On the tenth of May deceased the Queen of Poland and on the 22 Pope Alexander the 7th to whom succeeded Clement the 9th both which have sustained the Grandeur and Glory of the Church with much Majesty The Marriage of the Duke of Guise with Mademoiselle d'Alençon was celebrated the 15th of May. The next day the Court departed to put the Queen in possession of her Rights late fallen to her in the Low-Countries the reasons of which are publick in Print The march of our Armies gave the Alarm to Flanders and Holland and obliged the Marquiss de Castel-Rodrigo to demolish several places that wanted sufficient Forces to defend ' em We begun at Armentiers and his Majesty having past as far as Charles-Roy caused the Fortifications to be repaired After this he forces Tournay to surrender the 24th of June and Doüay the sixth of July On Dunkirk-side the Mareschal D'Aumont with another Army takes Bergue and Furne and invests L'isle where the Siege was carried on with much vigour his Majesty being always in action and going the Rounds continually This Town was taken after a Siege of seventeen daies and nine from the first opening the Trenches The Comte de Broüay who demanded four daies was much surprised to finde the King answer with a denial and within three hours after force the place to surrender This proposition from that Governour obliged our Monarch to lie that night at Arlebec He ordered the Comte of Lislebonne to march with the Lorain Forces and joyn the Marquiss de Crequy and Bellefonds and then to meet the Enemy which they did so happily as to defeat the Prince de Ligne and the Comte de Marcin which staggered all Flanders His Majesty was ready to assist and remained about a quarter of a League from Gand sleeping in his Coach that night at the head of the Bridge over the River of Bruges to back and assist his Army in case of occasion The Town and Citadel of Courtray was also taken with Oudenarde and Alost which being retaken by the Enemy was soon after recovered again by the Mareschal de Camp General and demolish'd The Empress being delivered of an Arch-Duke their Majesties sent the Marquiss de Guitry to congratulate the Court of Vienna who notwithstanding enjoy'd not long that happiness The Estates and People of Portugal about this time forced their King to renounce the Government which they conferred on D. Pedro his Brother also Commissaries are appointed to examine the complaints of the Queen as to a Nullity of Marriage The Divertisements of Shrovetide began with a Masquerade call'd the Carnaval consisting onely of seven Entries The first overture was performed by a Speech but the Dialogue between Carnaval and Gallantry with an admirable Consort of Musick gave wonderful satisfaction to the Spectators Anno 1668. On the 21th of January Madame was Baptized at the Tuilleries and named by the Dutchess Dowager of Orleans and the Duke of Enguien Maria-Theresa The same day was the Cardinal Duke of Vandôme conducted to have Audience from their Majesties by the Sieur de Saintot Master of the Ceremonies with a very great Train The King having desired the Pope to be Godfather to Monseigneur the Dauphin the news appeared most agreable to his Holiness who therefore prefer'd this Illustrious Cardinal to those of his own Bloud and Princes extreamly dear to him conferring on him to that purpose with much joy his Power and Authority and that of the Holy Seat which in truth he managed and sustained with great Honour giving the King to understand that it belonged to his Holiness represented in his person to Name the Prince Dauphin and to the Bishops of France to pay to the Holy Seat and to his dignity all due respects and submissions In fine the Dauphin was named Lewis and the Ceremony performed at St. Germains the 24th of March. The Baptismal Honours were carried by the Bourbons and the Duke of Vandôme bore up the Train of the Prince's Mantle-Royal taking place immediately after the Princes of the Bloud The Dispensation which Monsieur the Legat granted for a second Marriage of the Queen of Portugal with that Prince was an extraordinary piece of State and good Fortune France and that Crown have as much cause to praise the Conduct of that action as the Council of Spain just occasion to appear troubled who under colour of giving to that Prince a Daughter of the House of Austria would by that means very subtilly have made themselves Masters of that Kingdom The Duke of Beaufort and the Chevalier de Vandôme in the thirteenth year of his age embarqued themselves with intentions to make a descent into Spain but the ensuing Peace and a violent Tempest concurring put a stop to the designes of our great Admiral who notwithstanding could not but admire the assurance and courage of this young Prince At the same time the Hollanders apprehending some fears from the progress of the King's Arms into their neighbourhood and forgetting all the benefits
they have received from France endeavour with too much heat and precipitation a League Defensive with all the Potentates of Europe The King's Voyage into the Franche-Comte and Conquest of that Province during the Carnaval was a great action and the most glorious Enterprize that any Prince could possibly perform in less than 15 days The bare name and reputation of the Arms of this Monarch forced Spain formerly resolved never to acknowledge the King of Portugal to conclude a Peace with him and renounce the name and Arms of that Crown the 25 of February The meeting for Peace between the two Crowns of France and Spain being appointed at Aix-la-Chapelle the Treaty was concluded and signed the second of April though with a sensible regret from the French Army and Nation who desired nothing more than a continuance of War with the Spaniards But it was at the request of Clement the 9th that the King did yield to a suspention of Arms during the moneth of April and May in which he did more consider the good of Christianity than the Grandeur and Glory of his own person and Estates By this Treaty his Majesty kept his Conquests of the year past leaving to Spain that of the Franche Comte This great Monarch herein sacrifizing one of the bravest Conquests that ever shall be to the repose of his Subjects and this it was which he procured them in all his Rencounters The Alliances which soon after were concluded between the Dukes Maximilian of Bavaria Brother to the Elector and Mademoiselle de Boüillon and John Frederic de Brunswic-Lunebourg Married to the Princess Benedicta Palatine de Bavaria were of no small glory to France and Germany The Estates of Portugal now press Dom Pedro to receive the Title of King on the Abdication of his Brother Alphonso but not able to perswade him to that they extend his power equal to that of Royalty and in such condition he treats with all the Potentates of the World The King seeking all occasions to oblige his Holiness and the Holy Sea makes it his own request to demolish the Piramide heretofore erected against the Corses by the Treaty of Pisa The Marquiss de Crequy de Bellesons and d'Humieres were created Mareschals of France And on the 19th of July was performed an extraordinary magnificence at Versailles Great Honour was acquired by the Marquiss Ville in the defence of Candy the Marquiss de Saint André-Montbrun sharing with him the Glory of that Action These two gallant men have so signalized their valour in this Renowned Expedition that they have rendred their names Immortal The Nativity of the Duke of Anjou on the 5th of August occasioned much joy to the Court of France The ill Intelligence between the Queen of Spain and Dom John begun soon after the Peace the occasion that Prince's refusal to pass into Flanders he resolving to stay at Court as an obstacle to the Fortunes of Father Nitard The King judging the Letter circulary of the four Bishops sent about to all the others to unite them in resisting the Execution of the Pope's Breve which had named several Prelates to proceed against those four to be an irregular action did by his Arrest in Council and by the interposition of the Bishop Duke of Laon calm and asswage the greatest Storm which the Church of France had perhaps ever seen rais'd through the Vertues and Merits of some rare Spirits who with so much heat and obstinacy did oppose the Book of Jansenius from which approaching troubles this Illustrious Prelate found the way to dis-engage them with that sweetness and prudence wherewith he managed all things imprinting in their Hearts at the same time profound Sentiments of respect and submission for the Holy Sea By vertue of the Emperour's Mandate brought by the Marquiss de Bade the Electour Palatine on the 14th of December caused to be publish'd a Suspention of Arms and Cessation of acts of Hostility between him and the Duke of Lorain Anno 1669. The Portugals were overjoy'd at the Birth of the Infanta of Portugal which arrived the sixth of January This Princess was named by the Embassador of France after her Majesty Elizabeth-Maria Loüisa The Empress also was delivered of a Daughter the 18th following About the end of this moneth the Elector Palatine and the Duke of Lorain were obliged to disband their Forces to which his Majestie 's Arms under the command of the Mareschal de Crequy had compell'd ' em And now it was that his Holiness invited all Christian Princes to succour Candy and to which he applied his utmost as also to pacifie the Kingdom of Poland He sent also a Breve to Lisbon in confirmation of that Queens Marriage to Dom Pedro. About this time the Council of Spain resolved and took some pains to raise a Regiment of Guards to be always neer the person of his Catholick Majesty This Novelty was nothing pleasing to the Nobless and people it was also one pretence of the discontent of Dom John This Shrovetide was presented the Ballet of Flora composed of fifteen Majestick Entries Winter made the Overture with a handsome Speech the Sun who expell'd him chang'd the face of the Theater into a smiling Campagne This Glorious Planet accompanied with the Elements made the first Entry All the other parts were correspondent to this magnifique Spectacle where the beauty of the Machines the richness of the Habits and the Charms of the Ladies did not a little contribute to render this Piece into the number of the most glorious On the first of February the Ministers of the Empire Spain England Swede and the States concluded at the Hague the Treaty of triple Alliance the Swedes being to receive of his Catholick Majesty nine hundred thousand Livres In the beginning of the Spring the Duke of Beaufort and the Chevalier de Vandôme departed for Toulon there to hasten the Succours designed for Candy The Duke of Anjou was Baptized the fourth of March and named Philip by the Duke of Orleans and Madame representing the Emperour and Queen of Spain The Admiral Duke of Beaufort received from the Pope a Breve declaring him General of the Troops Ecclesiastick going for Candy to command in the absence of Dom Vincenzo Rospigliosi His Holiness having sent him the Standard of the Holy Sea The King of Portugal demanding to go into the Isle of Terceres he was convoy'd thither in the beginning of May by the Comte de Prado Dom John about this time made no unhappy Agreement He quitted Spain to Father Nitard reserving to himself the Title of perpetual Governour of the Low-Countries with the Vice-Royalty and Vicariat-General of Arragon Valancia and Catalonia with power to provide to all Offices and Benefices in the said places Prince Charles of Lorain and the Duke of Newbourg remain now the onely pretenders to the Crown of Poland Their Partisans take Arms and urge that affair to so great an extremity that they open the Eyes of the Polonois and the Prince Wiesnowiski being proposed to their election he was universally received and thus he happily ascended the Throne of his own Nation and of his Fathers the 19th of June Our Army having past from Toulon to Candy in fourteen daies that place being now extreamly prest and a fair occasion to charge the Enemy presenting it self Monsieur de Navailles sallied with the Army The Duke of Beaufort would assist with his own personal valour and courage in so brave an Enterprize The Chevalier de Vandôme shewed there his great Heart and resolution and that he was an accomplisht Souldier and Captain The Admiral having landed eighteen hundred men from Shipboard beat the Turks out of their Trenches and no doubt we had raised the Siege had not a panique fear frighted our men from so promising a Victory The Chevalier call'd to several Officers by their Names but ineffectually Fortune with much happiness and some difficulty brought off this young Mars from the Embarras of this sad Retreat But the Duke of Beaufort remain'd in the Field of Battle which he had won and which indeed he could never be made to abandon being there either slain or taken by the Ottomans Those many great Services which the Cardinal Duke of Vandôme had rendered to the King and State concluded with the pains he took to advance the Succours for Candy His Death arrived the sixth of August a loss for which the Courts of Rome and France and all Provence were not easily comforted The Dutchess of Vondôme who had been a perfect Example and Model of Vertue and Piety and the Queen of England youngest Daughter of Henry the great deceased the 8th and the 10th of September And now it was that the Prince of Tuscany finish'd his Voyage of Europe in France avowing that he had not seen a fairer Country than France nor a more admirable Heros than her King To conclude the Events of this year King Cazimir after he had seen another King Elected into his place quitted Poland and arrived in France where he was most splendidly regaled at Chantilly by Monsieur the Prince and Monsieur the Duke FINIS