enemy_n and_o that_o a_o conqueror_n may_v quick_o ruin_v himself_o by_o neglect_v the_o prudent_a maxim_n of_o a_o cautious_a policy_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o polish_v army_n arrive_v near_o the_o city_n of_o orsza_n the_o muscovite_n retire_v about_o 4000_o pace_n beyond_o the_o boristhenes_n conclude_v that_o their_o retreat_n will_v embolden_v the_o polander_n to_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o that_o afterward_o they_o may_v easy_o defeat_v they_o and_o intercept_v their_o flight_n the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n be_v then_o at_o smolensko_n about_o thirteen_o league_n from_o his_o army_n where_o he_o employ_v his_o time_n in_o divide_v lithuania_n and_o share_v it_o among_o his_o general_n allot_v to_o each_o of_o they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o country_n on_o the_o map_n and_o consider_v how_o he_o shall_v dispose_v of_o a_o army_n who_o he_o look_v upon_o already_o as_o his_o prisoner_n but_o the_o polander_n who_o have_v always_o the_o advantage_n over_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o open_a field_n be_v so_o incense_v at_o the_o pride_n and_o insolency_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o threaten_v to_o whip_v they_o that_o they_o resolve_v to_o give_v he_o battle_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o part_n one_o command_v by_o general_n suirczowski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o general_n ostrogski_n the_o two_o general_n have_v hold_v a_o council_n of_o war_n command_v a_o bridge_n to_o be_v lay_v over_o the_o river_n and_o order_v all_o the_o artillery_n with_o the_o infantry_n to_o pass_v the_o same_o which_o be_v do_v the_o cavalry_n follow_v they_o with_o a_o incredible_a bravery_n the_o muscovite_n pursuant_n to_o the_o czar_n order_n not_o stir_v from_o their_o post_n the_o two_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n suirczowski_n detach_v 800_o horse_n for_o a_o body_n of_o reserve_n and_o order_v they_o to_o post_v themselves_o in_o a_o wood_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o enemy_n army_n and_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fight_n to_o sally_v out_o and_o attack_v the_o muscovite_n with_o terrible_a cry_n to_o put_v they_o into_o a_o consternation_n king_n sigismund_n army_n be_v so_o dispose_v that_o the_o polish_v cavalry_n have_v the_o right_a wing_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n the_o left_a the_o infantry_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n the_o battle_n begin_v about_o three_o a_o clock_n the_o polander_n first_fw-mi attacking_z the_o muscovite_n with_o a_o undaunted_a resolution_n sometime_o they_o gain_v ground_n of_o they_o and_o sometime_o be_v repulse_v by_o the_o unequal_a number_n of_o their_o enemy_n but_o immediate_o they_o rally_v and_o break_v through_o they_o afresh_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n ostrogski_n who_o command_v the_o lithuanian_n attack_v the_o muscovite_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a fury_n and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n among_o they_o there_o be_v in_o the_o polish_v camp_n a_o little_a rise_a ground_n which_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o their_o artillery_n be_v plant_v there_o make_v such_o a_o dreadful_a havoc_n in_o the_o enemy_n rear_n and_o break_v all_o their_o rank_n in_o so_o terrible_a a_o manner_n that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v disorder_v and_o to_o take_v the_o flight_n and_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n perceive_v that_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n give_v way_n begin_v also_o to_o fly_v while_o they_o be_v still_o sight_v in_o the_o van_fw-mi during_o this_o disorder_n the_o 800_o horse_n who_o be_v post_v in_o the_o wood_n attack_v the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o flank_n with_o so_o much_o fury_n that_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o shock_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o whole_a army_n give_v ground_n and_o flee_v in_o this_o battle_n 32000_o muscovite_n be_v kill_v and_o many_o drown_v in_o a_o morass_n which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v in_o their_o flight_n some_o affirm_v the_o muscovite_n lose_v 40000_o man_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n grow_v red_a with_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v sn_v on_o its_o bank_n the_o polander_n take_v a_o great_a number_n of_o prisoner_n and_o among_o other_o ten_o general_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o muscovy_n seventeen_o palatine_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o two_o thousand_o gentleman_n of_o the_o polander_n there_o be_v but_o 400_o man_n kill_v but_o the_o number_n of_o the_o wound_a be_v much_o great_a they_o obtain_v this_o memorable_a victory_n march_v 25._o 1614_o after_o the_o gain_n of_o such_o a_o important_a battle_n the_o loss_n of_o which_o will_v have_v be_v infallible_o attend_v with_o the_o total_a ruin_n not_o only_o of_o lithuania_n but_o also_o of_o poland_n the_o general_n ought_v to_o have_v besiege_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o they_o may_v have_v easy_o retake_v during_o the_o universal_a consternation_n that_o be_v spread_v over_o muscovy_n but_o instead_o of_o make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o that_o advantage_n they_o retire_v without_o make_v any_o further_a attempt_n and_o king_n sigismond_n himself_o who_o expect_v the_o event_n at_o boryssow_n return_v to_o vilna_n with_o the_o prisoner_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v lead_v before_o he_o in_o a_o kind_n of_o triumph_n from_o thence_o he_o send_v ambassador_n to_o all_o christian_a prince_n to_o notify_v the_o great_a victory_n which_o he_o have_v obtain_v over_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o their_o eye_n as_o well_o as_o ear_n may_v convince_v they_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o advice_n the_o envoy_n be_v accompany_v with_o fourteen_o muscovite_n who_o be_v remarkable_a for_o their_o white_a hair_n but_o the_o emperor_n be_v enrage_v at_o the_o loss_n which_o his_o ally_n have_v sustain_v and_o at_o the_o unhappy_a event_n of_o a_o war_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o author_n surprise_v the_o envoy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o they_o be_v pass_v through_o his_o territory_n and_o take_v their_o prisoner_n from_o they_o who_o he_o send_v back_o to_o the_o czar_n by_o the_o way_n of_o lubec_n it_o be_v so_o natural_a to_o the_o polander_n to_o neglect_v the_o advantage_n which_o they_o obtain_v over_o their_o enemy_n that_o after_o they_o have_v defeat_v gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n in_o a_o memorable_a battle_n in_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v wound_v and_o can_v hardly_o secure_v his_o own_o person_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o pursue_v he_o that_o they_o suffer_v he_o to_o retire_v to_o stum_n between_o marienburg_n and_o marienwerder_n where_o have_v rally_v his_o scatter_a force_n he_o renew_v the_o war_n with_o great_a vigour_n than_o before_o nor_o be_v they_o guilty_a of_o a_o less_o inexcusable_a blunder_n after_o the_o victory_n they_o obtain_v in_o vkrania_n june_n 30._o 1651_o for_o though_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n be_v total_o rout_v and_o the_o cham_n with_o chemelnski_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o polander_v retire_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v beat_v and_o immediate_o conclude_v a_o peace_n by_o which_o they_o suffer_v the_o cossack_n to_o keep_v a_o army_n of_o 20000_o man_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiowia_fw-la this_o reflection_n be_v so_o just_a and_o important_a that_o i_o can_v forbear_v add_v another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n which_o happen_v anno_fw-la 1489._o about_o that_o time_n russia_n and_o podolia_n be_v miserable_o harass_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o infest_a these_o province_n with_o continual_a inroad_n and_o always_o return_v home_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o slave_n at_o last_o king_n casimir_n resolve_v to_o prevent_v the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o the_o country_n upon_o advice_n that_o the_o tartar_n be_v prepare_v to_o make_v a_o new_a incursion_n into_o russia_n and_o podolia_n he_o send_v john_n albert_n his_o son_n with_o a_o body_n of_o light_a horse_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o order_v all_o the_o gentry_n of_o russia_n and_o podolia_n to_o join_v he_o the_o tartar_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o body_n the_o first_o of_o which_o consist_v of_o 15000_o horse_n and_o the_o second_o of_o 10000_o be_v return_v home_o without_o fear_v any_o danger_n with_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o slave_n according_a to_o their_o usual_a custom_n but_o the_o young_a prince_n with_o his_o troop_n meet_v the_o first_o attack_v and_o total_o rout_v they_o and_o take_v from_o they_o all_o the_o booty_n and_o slave_n they_o have_v carry_v away_o after_o this_o success_n he_o march_v immediate_o to_o attack_v the_o other_o body_n the_o officer_n who_o command_v they_o make_v some_o resistance_n but_o be_v at_o last_o kill_v and_o the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o polander_n be_v weary_a with_o cut_v off_o so_o many_o head_n for_o not_o one_o of_o the_o tartar_n return_v to_o the_o crim._n this_o total_a defeat_n of_o the_o
that_o they_o seldom_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o rendezvous_n on_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o who_o do_v not_o arrive_v there_o with_o their_o company_n or_o regiment_n till_o a_o month_n and_o sometime_o six_o week_n after_o and_o even_o there_o be_v some_o who_o leave_v the_o army_n a_o month_n before_o the_o campagne_n be_v end_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o general_n may_v easy_o remedy_n this_o disorder_n but_o they_o dare_v not_o attempt_v to_o do_v it_o for_o fear_v of_o offend_v some_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o affection_n they_o must_v careful_o preserve_v for_o they_o who_o leave_v the_o army_n or_o come_v not_o to_o the_o rendezvous_n by_o the_o day_n prefix_v be_v common_o polish_v gentleman_n and_o not_o stranger_n who_o be_v more_o exact_a and_o dare_v not_o assume_v such_o liberty_n without_o ask_v and_o obtain_v leave_v as_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n without_o money_n so_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o raise_v money_n but_o by_o tax_n and_o therefore_o beside_o the_o ordinary_a revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o office_n that_o be_v in_o the_o king_n gift_n the_o custom_n upon_o wine_n and_o merchandize_n and_o the_o tribute_n that_o be_v exact_v from_o the_o jew_n they_o impose_v also_o in_o time_n of_o necessity_n a_o certain_a sum_n by_o way_n of_o poll_n upon_o every_o person_n be_v head_n which_o be_v no_o new_a sort_n of_o tax_n in_o poland_n for_o king_n casimir_n iii_o after_o he_o have_v lose_v the_o battle_n against_o the_o toutonick_a knight_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o peotrkow_n in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o whole_a gentry_n and_o clergy_n and_o even_o the_o king_n himself_o shall_v give_v half_a of_o their_o revenue_n for_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n the_o polish_v army_n be_v compose_v of_o polander_n and_o stranger_n all_o the_o polish_v troop_n be_v cavalry_n and_o be_v call_v husartsz_n and_o tovarzysz_n the_o husartsz_n be_v choose_v man_n brave_a and_o in_o good_a condition_n the_o tovarzysz_n be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o word_n which_o signify_v a_o comrade_n and_o both_o sort_n be_v gentleman_n the_o one_o be_v arm_v with_o lance_n and_o the_o other_o with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o there_o be_v some_o troop_n of_o horse_n who_o have_v behind_o their_o back_n wing_n make_v of_o cock_n feather_n which_o be_v usual_o white_a in_o order_n to_o frighten_v the_o enemy_n horse_n which_o be_v not_o accustom_a to_o such_o sight_n they_o be_v all_o rich_o clothe_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o tiger_n leopard_n or_o panther_n their_o horse_n be_v also_o very_o sine_fw-la and_o well-harnessed_n in_o a_o word_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o they_o be_v the_o fine_a and_o best_a cavalry_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o they_o will_v be_v invincible_a if_o they_o be_v more_o submissive_a and_o better_o pay_v as_o for_o the_o foreign_a troop_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o infantry_n and_o be_v call_v foreigner_n because_o they_o be_v keep_v on_o german_a pay_n and_o receive_v the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o the_o german_a language_n though_o most_o of_o the_o soldier_n and_o officer_n be_v polander_n those_o troop_n be_v divide_v into_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o dragoon_n and_o the_o regiment_n into_o company_n as_o in_o france_n but_o the_o soldier_n be_v so_o miserable_o poor_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v neither_o sword_n nor_o shoe_n when_o they_o lie_v in_o town_n they_o live_v on_o three_o gros_n a_o day_n which_o be_v worth_a two_o penny_n of_o polish_v money_n or_o a_o penny_n english_a and_o upon_o what_o they_o can_v steal_v from_o the_o peasant_n that_o come_v that_o come_v to_o the_o market_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o give_v they_o ammunition-bread_n and_o even_o the_o officer_n of_o foot_n be_v not_o better_o clothe_v than_o our_o common_a soldier_n i_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o equipage_n with_o which_o the_o polander_n go_v to_o the_o army_n and_o first_o there_o be_v no_o â—utlers_n in_o the_o polish_v army_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o soldier_n will_v not_o pay_v they_o they_o can_v never_o arrive_v in_o the_o camp_n without_o be_v plunder_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o especial_o by_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o be_v more_o accustom_a to_o pillage_n than_o the_o polander_n so_o that_o every_o man_n must_v carry_v every_o thing_n that_o he_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o along_o with_o he_o which_o oblige_v the_o officer_n to_o hare_n a_o great_a equipage_n and_o to_o provide_v sufficient_a quantity_n of_o meat_n bacon_n butter_n salt_n sugar_n comfit_n spice_n beer_n hungary-wine_n brandy_n oat_n and_o general_o of_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o themselves_o their_o servant_n and_o their_o horse_n they_o have_v many_o wagon_n as_o well_o for_o carry_v all_o sort_n of_o provision_n as_o their_o tent_n which_o be_v very_o heavy_a but_o very_o fine_a as_o for_o the_o poor_a soldier_n i_o have_v already_o intimate_v that_o they_o live_v upon_o root_n and_o the_o flesh_n of_o dead_a horse_n or_o such_o as_o they_o find_v lie_v in_o quagmire_n for_o if_o the_o owner_n do_v not_o take_v speedy_a care_n to_o draw_v he_o out_o he_o must_v expect_v to_o be_v prevent_v by_o the_o famish_v soldier_n who_o in_o a_o moment_n cut_v he_o into_o a_o thousand_o piece_n it_o be_v general_o know_v and_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o success_n of_o a_o enterprise_n espeial_o in_o war_n depend_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n upon_o two_o thing_n viz._n secrecy_n and_o the_o certain_a knowledge_n which_o a_o general_n ought_v to_o have_v of_o the_o strength_n or_o weakness_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v post_v as_o for_o secrecy_n which_o be_v the_o soul_n of_o all_o important_a affair_n it_o be_v so_o little_o observe_v in_o poland_n that_o every_o petty_a officer_n be_v acquaint_v with_o all_o the_o great_a general_n be_v design_n and_o as_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o enemy_n since_o the_o polander_n never_o make_v use_n of_o spy_n they_o never_o learn_v any_o news_n of_o the_o enemy_n army_n till_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o of_o their_o party_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o news_n which_o come_v from_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v so_o uncertain_a that_o those_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o country_n seldom_o give_v any_o credit_n to_o these_o report_n the_o army_n of_o poland_n be_v thus_o compose_v and_o be_v accompany_v with_o such_o a_o equipage_n as_o i_o late_o mention_v be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o great_a general_n and_o of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o field_n and_o beside_o these_o two_o general_a officer_n there_o be_v also_o other_o under_o they_o as_o the_o master_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o pissarsz_n or_o intendant_n of_o the_o army_n the_o great_a standard-bearer_n the_o field-marshal_n the_o general_n of_o the_o sentinel_n and_o the_o major-general_n who_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o brigadier_n before_o i_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o observable_a in_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o be_v that_o if_o news_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v at_o table_n that_o the_o enemy_n appear_v they_o will_v not_o stir_v till_o they_o have_v do_v to_o mount_v their_o horse_n and_o pursue_v their_o enemy_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o estate_n in_o poland_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n either_o royal_a ecclesiastic_a or_o patrimonial_a the_o royal_a estate_n be_v part_n of_o the_o domain_a and_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n they_o consist_v of_o the_o starosty_n saltwork_n and_o half_a the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n of_o dantzick_n as_o for_o the_o starosty_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o on_o polish_v gentleman_n within_o six_o month_n after_o a_o vacancy_n for_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n to_o reserve_v any_o of_o they_o for_o himself_o except_o those_o that_o be_v call_v royal_a oeconomy_n which_o together_o with_o the_o saltwork_n and_o the_o port_n of_o dantzick_n belong_v proper_o to_o he_o so_o that_o his_o whole_a revenue_n amount_v to_o but_o about_o a_o million_o of_o liver_n but_o then_o he_o be_v not_o to_o pay_v any_o troop_n out_o of_o it_o not_o so_o so_o much_o as_o his_o own_o regiment_n of_o guard_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n who_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n serve_v he_o without_o any_o salary_n in_o hope_n of_o obtain_v some_o benefice_n or_o starostie_a so_o that_o he_o be_v at_o no_o charge_n but_o for_o his_o table_n clothes_n and_o stable_a and_o beside_o he_o receive_v many_o
glad_a of_o such_o a_o opportunity_n to_o be_v revenge_v for_o the_o ill_a usage_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o according_o he_o cut_v off_o his_o master_n head_n upon_o a_o log_n of_o wood_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o beef_n and_o be_v force_v to_o give_v he_o several_a slash_n before_o he_o can_v entire_o separate_v his_o head_n from_o his_o body_n stephen_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o polotta_n in_o muscovy_n anno_fw-la 1579._o and_o after_o a_o most_o vigorous_a resistance_n the_o besiege_a find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o hold_v out_o long_o offer_v to_o surrender_v the_o place_n the_o capitulation_n be_v at_o last_o agree_v upon_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o inhabitant_n except_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o governor_n who_o continual_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o the_o burgher_n to_o make_v a_o obstinate_a defence_n represent_v to_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v more_o honourable_a to_o die_v in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o prince_n than_o to_o save_v their_o life_n by_o a_o ignominious_a treaty_n and_o indeed_o neither_o the_o bishop_n nor_o the_o governor_n will_v sign_v the_o capitulation_n but_o retire_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n sophia_n whence_o steven_n battori_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v forth_o and_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o treasurer_n of_o lithuania_n when_o the_o polish_v garrison_n enter_v the_o town_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o to_o receive_v the_o store_n and_o ammunition_n according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n they_o be_v surprise_v to_o behold_v so_o many_o mark_n of_o a_o horrible_a and_o brutish_a cruelty_n which_o the_o muscovite_n have_v practise_v on_o the_o polish_v prisoner_n they_o find_v some_o of_o they_o most_o barbarous_o tear_v in_o piece_n some_o half_a boil_a in_o great_a kettle_n with_o their_o hand_n tie_v behind_o their_o back_n and_o other_o who_o have_v be_v miserable_o butcher_v by_o rip_v up_o their_o belly_n the_o polander_n be_v so_o transport_v with_o rage_n and_o indignation_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o such_o a_o dismal_a scene_n of_o horror_n that_o they_o will_v have_v revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o countryman_n upon_o the_o whole_a muscovitish_a garrison_n but_o king_n stephen_n generous_o consider_v that_o no_o provocation_n can_v excuse_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o solemn_a treaty_n restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o send_v the_o muscovite_n back_o to_o their_o own_o country_n under_o the_o convoy_n of_o two_o troop_n of_o horse_n i_o can_v easy_o produce_v many_o other_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v natural_o cruel_a i_o return_v now_o to_o that_o memorable_a irruption_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v into_o poland_n with_o so_o much_o violence_n and_o success_n that_o king_n john_n casimir_n and_o his_o queen_n lovise_n mary_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o retire_v into_o silesia_n for_o almost_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v abandon_v they_o and_o follow_v the_o rapidity_n of_o the_o conqueror_n fortune_n but_o the_o polander_n afterward_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o fault_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o forsake_v their_o king_n and_o those_o who_o have_v still_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o resume_v fresh_a courage_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o general_n czarneski_n they_o by_o degree_n expel_v the_o swede_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o three_o day_n thus_o the_o kingdom_n be_v reconquer_v and_o the_o swede_n be_v oblige_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n prince_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o be_v jealous_a of_o a_o neighbour_a conqueror_n that_o they_o be_v even_o willing_a to_o assist_v a_o former_a enemy_n against_o the_o unequal_a force_n of_o a_o ambitious_a and_o successful_a invader_n for_o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o polander_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n who_o have_v besiege_v leopold_n the_o muscovite_n who_o have_v also_o invade_v lithuania_n immediate_o quit_v that_o duchy_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o swede_n in_o livonia_n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o diversion_n and_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v natural_o enemy_n to_o all_o christian_n and_o in_o a_o particular_a manner_n to_o the_o polish_v nation_n not_o only_o send_v a_o potent_a army_n to_o assist_v the_o k._n of_o poland_n but_o force_v the_o cossack_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o leopold_n and_o to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o induce_v the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o tartar_n to_o succour_v the_o polander_n oblige_v the_o emperor_n also_o to_o send_v they_o some_o troop_n but_o he_o make_v they_o pay_v dear_a for_o his_o assistance_n for_o the_o saltwork_n be_v mortgage_v to_o he_o for_o some_o year_n he_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o be_v make_v and_o export_v that_o the_o work_n be_v almost_o ruin_v nor_o be_v the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n the_o only_a troublesome_a neighbour_n to_o poland_n for_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a relation_n that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n owe_v to_o the_o german_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n king_n of_o poland_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n who_o be_v master_n of_o prussia_n and_o have_v raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n of_o polander_n lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o overpower_v his_o enemy_n and_o to_o expel_v they_o utter_o out_o of_o his_o dominion_n when_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n desire_v he_o to_o refer_v the_o difference_n that_o occasion_v the_o war_n to_o his_o arbitration_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o grant_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n a_o truce_n for_o two_o year_n jagellon_n accept_v the_o offer_n and_o disband_v his_o army_n but_o since_o the_o emperor_n design_v only_o to_o gain_v time_n that_o the_o knight_n may_v be_v able_a to_o put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o desence_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v care_n to_o adjust_a these_o difference_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a the_o polander_n be_v divide_v fear_v that_o after_o they_o have_v drive_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o will_v make_v a_o vigorous_a attempt_n to_o retake_v silesia_n which_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v late_o usurp_v king_n jagellon_n perceive_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v disappoint_v he_o send_v to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o it_o seem_v sigismond_n have_v either_o forget_v or_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o remember_v the_o service_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v do_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 1414_o when_o they_o oblige_v the_o turk_n to_o restore_v all_o the_o prisoner_n they_o have_v take_v and_o to_o grant_v he_o a_o truce_n for_o six_o year_n and_o that_o jagellon_fw-mi not_o only_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n which_o the_o revolt_a hussites_n have_v offer_v he_o but_o exhort_v they_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o their_o prince_n thus_o without_o consider_v those_o important_a service_n and_o without_o examine_v the_o matter_n he_o give_v judgement_n against_o the_o polander_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n which_o so_o incense_v king_n jagellon_n that_o he_o dispatch_v one_o immediate_o to_o reproach_v he_o with_o his_o ingratitude_n and_o injustice_n and_o to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o renounce_v his_o friendship_n whereupon_o sigismond_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o by_o pretend_v that_o he_o be_v 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he_o none_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o cham_n drive_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o the_o peninsula_n without_o the_o grand_a signior_n assistance_n who_o he_o suspect_v to_o be_v the_o contriver_n and_o promoter_n of_o the_o rebellion_n conclude_v that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o have_v such_o a_o design_n he_o will_v have_v deliver_v they_o up_o long_o before_o or_o at_o least_o will_v have_v keep_v they_o so_o secure_a that_o they_o can_v not_o have_v make_v their_o escape_n at_o the_o some_o time_n amurath_n who_o be_v still_o engage_v in_o the_o war_n with_o the_o persian_n send_v to_o require_v muchmetkirey_n assistance_n no_o long_o as_o a_o friend_n but_o as_o a_o master_n and_o in_o a_o haughty_a and_o imperious_a manner_n which_o so_o enrage_v the_o cham_n that_o he_o begin_v to_o commit_v hostility_n against_o the_o grand_a signior_n without_o declare_v war._n he_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o caffa_n and_o press_v it_o so_o hard_a in_o a_o few_o day_n that_o the_o turk_n who_o be_v not_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n because_o they_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o be_v attack_v by_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v their_o ally_n have_v resolve_v to_o surrender_v it_o in_o two_o day_n time_n if_o they_o be_v not_o relieve_v then_o amurath_n who_o be_v extreme_o alarm_v at_o so_o unexpected_a a_o expedition_n sont_fw-fr for_o one_o assan_n a_o tartar_n who_o he_o have_v keep_v a_o long_a time_n prisoner_n and_o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o bastard-brother_n of_o machmetkirey_n he_o speak_v to_o he_o in_o a_o very_a oblige_a manner_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o if_o he_o will_v obey_v his_o order_n he_o will_v advance_v he_o to_o great_a honour_n that_o the_o cham_fw-mi of_o tartary_n have_v declare_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v a_o tyrant_n and_o abuse_v his_o subject_n so_o barbarous_o that_o they_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o bear_v his_o cruelty_n and_o that_o if_o he_o will_v undertake_v to_o invade_v crim_n tartary_n he_o will_v furnish_v he_o with_o money_n and_o a_o army_n to_o deliver_v his_o countryman_n from_o their_o inhuman_a oppressor_n assan_n who_o have_v never_o dream_v of_o exchange_v his_o chain_n for_o a_o sceptre_n transport_v with_o joy_n at_o the_o prospect_n of_o so_o happy_a a_o turn_n in_o his_o fortune_n ready_o accept_v amurath_n offer_n he_o be_v declare_v viceroy_n of_o tartary_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n to_o who_o he_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o to_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n and_o afterward_o have_v receive_v the_o golden_a standard_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o his_o investiture_n he_o depart_v from_o constantinople_n with_o 40_o galley_n command_v by_o general_n ochiali_n and_o arrive_v in_o a_o few_o day_n at_o caffa_n just_a as_o that_o city_n be_v go_v to_o be_v surrender_v to_o machmetkirey_n after_o he_o have_v relieve_v caffa_n he_o endeavour_v by_o present_n and_o promise_v to_o gain_v the_o principal_a person_n among_o the_o tartar_n to_o his_o side_n and_o to_o induce_v they_o either_o to_o kill_v the_o cham_fw-mi or_o to_o deliver_v he_o up_o alive_a to_o he_o he_o find_v it_o no_o difficult_a task_n to_o debauch_v their_o fidelity_n for_o the_o grand_a signior_n have_v furnish_v he_o with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o money_n and_o it_o be_v the_o general_a weakness_n of_o the_o oriental_a nation_n that_o they_o be_v very_o easy_o bribe_v thus_o have_v secure_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o they_o and_o even_o some_o of_o the_o chain_n be_v most_o faithful_a friend_n he_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v massacr_v with_o his_o two_o son_n after_o which_o he_o be_v acknowledge_v cham_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o acquire_v the_o esteem_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n by_o his_o extraordinary_a liberality_n to_o they_o it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o crim_n tartar_n who_o till_o then_o be_v a_o free_a people_n become_v vassal_n to_o their_o ancient_a ally_n and_o by_o the_o way_n this_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v we_o what_o success_n may_v be_v expect_v from_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o turk_n the_o tartar_n be_v natural_o so_o barbarous_a and_o cruel_a and_o of_o so_o haughty_a and_o imperious_a a_o temper_n that_o they_o despise_v all_o those_o who_o profess_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n and_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o beast_n so_o that_o when_o they_o obtain_v any_o advantage_n over_o they_o they_o impose_v insupportable_a condition_n upon_o they_o thus_o the_o tartar_n who_o inhabit_v along_o the_o volga_n impose_v very_o shameful_a and_o dishonourable_a condition_n upon_o the_o muscovite_n when_o they_o force_v they_o to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o they_o anno_fw-la 1470._o after_o they_o have_v ravage_v muscovy_n and_o subdue_v part_n of_o the_o country_n they_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o czar_n or_o great_a duke_n shall_v pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o tartar_n which_o he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o send_v to_o they_o on_o horseback_n that_o he_o shall_v go_v himself_o on_o foot_n with_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o court_n to_o meet_v the_o person_n who_o shall_v come_v to_o demand_v the_o say_a tribute_n even_o though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o postilion_n or_o groom_n that_o the_o czar_n shall_v in_o a_o very_a respectful_a manner_n present_v he_o with_o a_o pot_n of_o mares-milk_n to_o drink_v that_o if_o any_o one_o drop_n of_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v spill_v upon_o his_o horse_n mane_n the_o duke_n himself_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o lick_v it_o off_o with_o his_o tongue_n that_o he_o shall_v spread_v a_o fine_a sable_a fur_n under_o the_o foot_n of_o he_o who_o shall_v read_v the_o prince_n of_o tartary_n letter_n that_o he_o and_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o muscovy_n shall_v hear_v they_o read_v upon_o their_o knee_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v blind_o obey_v all_o his_o order_n even_o though_o he_o shall_v command_v they_o to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o christian_n in_o the_o year_n 1226_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n pudicus_fw-la the_o crim_n tartar_n make_v a_o terrible_a irruption_n into_o poland_n overrun_v all_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n and_o have_v pass_v the_o vistula_n at_o zavichost_n ravage_v the_o country_n and_o carry_v away_o a_o great_a booty_n into_o russia_n after_o they_o have_v secure_v their_o prey_n they_o return_v to_o poland_n where_o they_o commit_v far_o great_a barbarity_n and_o as_o if_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v their_o insatiable_a desire_n of_o plunder_n they_o march_v as_o far_o as_o silesia_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o oppelen_n ratibor_n and_o lignitz_n have_v join_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n and_o the_o troop_n of_o great_a poland_n resolve_v to_o attack_v they_o but_o be_v themselves_o unfortunate_o defeat_v and_o the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o barbarian_n carry_v away_o with_o they_o nine_o sack_n full_a of_o earring_n which_o they_o have_v cut_v from_o the_o christian_n after_o the_o battle_n some_o time_n after_o in_o the_o same_o reign_n the_o tartar_n return_v into_o poland_n with_o a_o great_a army_n accompany_v by_o leo_n and_o romanus_n duke_n of_o russia_n who_o though_o they_o profess_v the_o christian_a faith_n scruple_v not_o to_o join_v with_o its_o mortal_a enemy_n after_o they_o have_v overrun_v the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n sandomir_n and_o cracow_n they_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n but_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n be_v also_o desirous_a to_o enrich_v themselves_o with_o booty_n make_v incursion_n into_o massovia_n and_o lithuania_n where_o boleslaus_n defeat_v they_o and_o romanus_n be_v afterward_o kill_v at_o zavichost_n a_o small_a city_n on_o the_o vistula_n about_o two_o league_n below_o sandomir_n but_o as_o if_o those_o first_o incursion_n which_o the_o tartar_n make_v into_o poland_n have_v only_o serve_v for_o a_o whet_v to_o their_o ravenous_a appetite_n they_o return_v again_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o leseus_n niger_n in_o the_o year_n 1279_o with_o a_o terrible_a army_n and_o carry_v away_o so_o many_o slave_n that_o have_v count_v they_o at_o vlodzimir_n a_o town_n of_o upper_a volhinia_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o russia_n they_o find_v that_o there_o be_v twenty_o thousand_o young_a woman_n among_o the_o captive_n i_o may_v venture_v to_o affirm_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v invade_v poland_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o almost_o all_o its_o king_n in_o that_o of_o john_n albert_n they_o make_v a_o irruption_n into_o volhinia_n in_o the_o year_n 1493._o and_o in_o the_o same_o reign_n be_v join_v by_o the_o turk_n they_o make_v such_o a_o dreadful_a incursion_n into_o that_o miserable_a country_n that_o after_o they_o have_v sack_v premislia_n jeroslaw_n and_o several_a other_o city_n they_o carry_v away_o above_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o
but_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v afterward_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n will_v not_o ratify_v that_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o war_n between_o poland_n and_o the_o port_n be_v renew_v with_o great_a vigour_n than_o before_o the_o two_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n advance_v towards_o podolia_n the_o one_o command_v by_o general_n sobieski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o general_n patz_n and_o march_v together_o to_o attack_v that_o of_o the_o turk_n which_o be_v encamp_v at_o chotzin_n on_o the_o niester_n about_o five_o league_n from_o caminiec_n where_o they_o fight_v and_o entire_o rout_n '_o they_o this_o victory_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a will_v have_v doubtless_o restore_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n to_o a_o good_a condition_n and_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o retaking_n of_o caminiec_n if_o the_o general_n have_v make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o so_o important_a a_o advantage_n but_o the_o battle_n be_v no_o soon_o over_o than_o they_o carry_v home_o their_o troop_n the_o one_o into_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o into_o lithuania_n in_o which_o they_o imitate_v their_o predecessor_n swirâ—zowski_n and_o ostrogski_n who_o after_o they_o have_v obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n over_o the_o muscovite_n return_v home_o instead_o of_o march_v to_o attack_v smolensko_fw-mi which_o they_o have_v lose_v a_o little_a before_o and_o may_v then_o have_v easy_o retake_v the_o error_n which_o those_o two_o general_n commit_v by_o neglect_v so_o invite_v a_o opportunity_n to_o reduce_v smolensko_fw-mi be_v so_o unaccountable_a and_o so_o direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o maxim_n of_o policy_n and_o even_o of_o common_a prudence_n that_o i_o can_v forbear_v insert_v the_o whole_a story_n in_o the_o year_n 1512_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o count_n of_o scepusz_n which_o so_o incense_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n that_o he_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o involve_v poland_n either_o in_o a_o civil_a or_o foreign_a war._n it_o be_v in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o design_n that_o in_o a_o diet_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n he_o complain_v of_o king_n sigismund_n proceed_n allege_v that_o he_o be_v contrive_v indirect_a method_n to_o expel_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o prussia_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v with_o their_o blood_n and_o where_o they_o have_v extirpated_a paganism_n and_o establish_v the_o faith_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o see_v he_o can_v not_o prevail_v with_o the_o prince_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o all_o the_o christian_n be_v ready_a to_o enter_v in_o a_o confederacy_n against_o the_o turk_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o basil_n duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o persuade_v he_o to_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o polaender_n and_o to_o invade_v lithuania_n the_o muscovite_n rely_v upon_o this_o new_a alliance_n with_o the_o emperor_n scruple_v not_o to_o violate_v the_o peace_n he_o have_v make_v with_o king_n sigismond_n he_o raise_v a_o army_n enter_v lithuania_n and_o after_o he_o have_v destroy_v the_o country_n sit_v down_o before_o smolensko_n but_o can_v not_o take_v it_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n sigismond_n be_v in_o poland_n and_o have_v no_o troop_n on_o foot_n to_o oppose_v he_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o have_v break_v the_o peace_n without_o any_o cause_n call_v a_o diet_n at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1513_o to_o concert_v the_o measure_n that_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o so_o press_v a_o exigency_n the_o czar_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n send_v to_o demand_v succour_n from_o the_o emperor_n his_o ally_n who_o only_o send_v he_o some_o engineer_n who_o cast_v 300_o piece_n of_o cannon_n for_o he_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n have_v assemble_v a_o army_n of_o 80000_o man_n march_v with_o his_o 300_o piece_n of_o cannon_n to_o besiege_v smolenske_a which_o he_o batter_v in_o a_o very_a furious_a manner_n the_o city_n be_v so_o close_o block_v up_o and_o the_o avenue_n so_o well_o guard_v that_o 500_o horse_n who_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n send_v to_o its_o relief_n can_v not_o get_v into_o the_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o garrison_n make_v so_o vigorous_a a_o defence_n that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v discourage_v by_o the_o obstinate_a resistance_n of_o the_o polander_n raise_v the_o siege_n and_o ravage_v lithuania_n a_o second_o time_n after_o they_o have_v send_v their_o booty_n to_o muscovy_n they_o return_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n but_o the_o garrison_n defend_v the_o place_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n and_o resolution_n that_o the_o czar_n despair_v of_o success_n resolve_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o glinski_n a_o lithuanian_a rebel_n persuade_v he_o to_o continue_v it_o insinuate_a that_o he_o can_v not_o without_o expose_v himself_o to_o eternal_a infamy_n suffer_v a_o impotent_a and_o dishearten_v enemy_n to_o insult_v over_o such_o a_o formidable_a army_n at_o last_o the_o cunning_a traitor_n who_o have_v engage_v basil_n in_o this_o enterprise_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o take_v the_o city_n by_o force_n resolve_v to_o try_v the_o success_n of_o a_o stratagem_n to_o this_o end_n he_o desire_v leave_v to_o speak_v with_o the_o governor_n to_o who_o he_o represent_v that_o his_o master_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o relieve_v he_o that_o the_o garrison_n can_v not_o hold_v out_o much_o long_o and_o that_o unless_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o bury_v himself_o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o city_n he_o ought_v to_o consult_v his_o own_o true_a interest_n and_o accept_v the_o vast_a recompense_n which_o the_o czar_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v he_o thus_o the_o governor_n be_v persuade_v to_o surrender_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v possess_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n sigismond_n have_v receive_v at_o radom_n the_o news_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o important_a place_n he_o go_v immediate_o to_o lithuania_n in_o september_n and_o assemble_v all_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o that_o duchy_n at_o vilna_n to_o deliberate_v with_o they_o how_o they_o may_v effectual_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o their_o victorious_a enemy_n 10000_o horse_n 20000_o foot_n and_o some_o light_a horse_n be_v raise_v in_o lithuania_n with_o which_o and_o with_o the_o army_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o necessary_a artillery_n the_o king_n set_v out_o from_o vilna_n with_o a_o design_n to_o attack_v the_o muscevite_n the_o czar_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n reassembled_a his_o troop_n and_o encamp_v near_o smolensko_n lest_o the_o king_n shall_v sit_v down_o before_o it_o after_o he_o have_v reinforce_v the_o garrison_n he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o lithuania_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o river_n berezina_fw-la in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o minsk_n where_o sigismond_n arrive_v immediate_o after_o strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o the_o muscovite_n that_o they_o retire_v to_o the_o city_n of_o orsza_n not_o far_o from_o the_o boristhenes_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n berezina_fw-la without_o any_o opposition_n detach_v a_o body_n of_o 30000_o choose_a man_n who_o he_o order_v to_o march_v towards_o the_o enemy_n while_o he_o remain_v at_o boryssow_n on_o the_o river_n berezina_fw-la with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n where_o he_o cast_v up_o trench_n and_o fortify_v the_o camp_n with_o great_a diligence_n that_o if_o the_o muscovite_n shall_v gain_v the_o battle_n the_o polander_n and_o lithuanian_n may_v have_v the_o advantage_n of_o retire_v to_o a_o place_n of_o security_n and_o that_o he_o may_v afterward_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n who_o even_o after_o a_o victory_n will_v have_v be_v weaken_a by_o the_o battle_n and_o harass_v by_o the_o fatigue_n of_o so_o long_a a_o pursuit_n the_o czar_n who_o be_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n of_o 80000_o man_n despise_v that_o of_o poland_n which_o be_v not_o half_a so_o numerous_a and_o insolent_o boast_v that_o his_o soldier_n shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o draw_v their_o sabres_fw-es against_o the_o polander_n but_o drive_v they_o all_o to_o muscovy_n with_o whip_n like_o herd_n of_o ox_n or_o flock_n of_o sheep_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o mere_a rhodomontade_fw-la for_o he_o actual_o give_v order_n to_o his_o soldier_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o draw_v their_o sabres_fw-es but_o let_v the_o polander_n pass_v the_o baristhenes_n without_o opposition_n and_o then_o whip_v they_o to_o muscovy_n but_o that_o insolent_a and_o haughty_a prince_n have_v the_o mortification_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o a_o very_a fatal_a and_o unwelcome_a experiment_n that_o a_o great_a army_n shall_v never_o despise_v a_o feeble_a
which_o they_o may_v rise_v to_o that_o of_o chancellor_n and_o both_o those_o officer_n must_v be_v ecclesiastic_n next_o to_o the_o great_a secretary_n be_v the_o referendary_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o duchy_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o in_o each_o state_n one_o a_o layman_n and_o the_o other_o a_o ecclesiastic_a they_o present_a petition_n to_o the_o king_n and_o return_v his_o majesty_n answer_n and_o though_o they_o be_v not_o member_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o sit_v by_o the_o senator_n in_o judgement_n of_o process_n upon_o information_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o afterward_o to_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n that_o be_v give_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o officer_n of_o justice_n all_o the_o advocate_n proctor_n register_n and_o notary_n wear_v a_o sabre_n or_o scimitar_n by_o their_o side_n and_o do_v not_o lay_v it_o aside_o either_o when_o they_o judge_v or_o plead_v a_o cause_n and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o garb_n than_o what_o they_o usual_o wear_v there_o be_v four_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n in_o poland_n 2_o for_o the_o crown_n and_o 2_o for_o lithuania_n viz._n a_o great_a general_n and_o a_o petty_a or_o lieutenant-general_n those_o general_n of_o the_o army_n have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n unless_o they_o be_v palatine_n or_o castellan_n or_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o of_o those_o office_n which_o entitle_v they_o to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o great_a general_n command_v the_o whole_a army_n and_o have_v power_n to_o quarter_v the_o troop_n where_o he_o please_v the_o king_n himself_o not_o be_v able_a to_o hinder_v he_o and_o this_o power_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o it_o make_v a_o great_a general_n formidable_a to_o all_o the_o nobility_n his_o office_n be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o soldier_n which_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o republic_n commit_v no_o disorder_n that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n may_v not_o be_v overawe_v by_o the_o army_n he_o held_n the_o army_n order_v its_o encampment_n put_v it_o in_o battalion_n and_o give_v the_o signal_n of_o battle_n and_o of_o retreat_n he_o take_v care_n of_o the_o convoy_n and_o ammunition_n set_v a_o price_n on_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o army_n regulate_v the_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o punish_v offender_n the_o office_n of_o the_o petty_a general_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v for_o guard_n and_o of_o the_o party_n that_o be_v send_v out_o to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n he_o command_v the_o foreign_a troop_n and_o even_o the_o whole_a army_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n and_o succeed_v he_o in_o course_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o vacancy_n there_o be_v many_o other_o office_n in_o the_o army_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o great_a standard-bearer_n and_o the_o next_o that_o of_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n as_o for_o the_o office_n of_o the_o court_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v those_o of_o the_o great_a chamberlain_n great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o steward_n or_o master_n of_o the_o household_n beside_o all_o those_o office_n there_o be_v other_o in_o the_o palatinat_n as_o chamberlain_n master_n of_o the_o household_n and_o many_o other_o for_o the_o province_n of_o poland_n be_v former_o divide_v among_o several_a prince_n each_o of_o who_o have_v their_o particular_a officer_n and_o though_o those_o province_n have_v be_v long_o since_o reunited_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o the_o officer_n still_o contiâ—â—e_v and_o enjoy_v certain_a honorary_a privilege_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v that_o they_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o their_o palatinate_n when_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n be_v absent_a chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la a_fw-la interregnum_fw-la may_v happen_v four_o several_a way_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n by_o his_o voluntary_a and_o public_a abdication_n by_o his_o force_a and_o javoâ—â—ntary_a deposition_n or_o by_o his_o flight_n 〈◊〉_d go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o most_o usual_a be_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n who_o body_n be_v immediate_o lay_v upon_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n and_o some_o senator_n both_o ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a be_v choose_v to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o republic_n order_v all_o the_o necessary_a expense_n for_o the_o ceremony_n to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o treasure_n leave_v by_o the_o decease_a king_n the_o same_o honour_n be_v also_o give_v to_o the_o queen_n after_o their_o decease_n as_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v at_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n who_o die_v at_o warsaw_n may_v 10._o 1667._o in_o the_o palace_n which_o king_n john_n casimir_n her_o husband_n have_v in_o the_o suburb_n the_o next_o day_n she_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o castle_n where_o she_o be_v expose_v on_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n till_o she_o be_v remove_v to_o cracow_n to_o be_v inter_v she_o die_v about_o the_o end_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o almost_o sudden_o of_o a_o defluxion_n upon_o her_o lung_n occasion_v by_o a_o too_o long_o and_o earnest_a dispute_n with_o general_n patz_n about_o a_o affair_n she_o have_v propose_v to_o he_o which_o he_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o for_o that_o princess_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o intrigue_v and_o so_o desirous_a to_o govern_v the_o state_n alone_o that_o she_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n jealous_a of_o the_o king_n her_o husband_n who_o dare_v not_o speak_v to_o any_o woman_n in_o private_a lest_o she_o shall_v imagine_v that_o he_o be_v govern_v by_o another_o this_o troublesome_a constraint_n make_v he_o so_o uneasy_a that_o he_o be_v not_o much_o afflict_v at_o her_o death_n for_o the_o same_o night_n he_o return_v from_o the_o diet_n to_o the_o palace_n to_o see_v a_o person_n who_o he_o have_v love_v before_o but_o dare_v never_o entertain_v during_o the_o queen_n life_n the_o interregnum_fw-la may_v also_o happen_v by_o a_o voluntary_a abdication_n when_o a_o king_n free_o resign_v the_o crown_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o see_v a_o king_n descend_v voluntary_o from_o the_o throne_n and_o few_o will_v imitate_v the_o example_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v twenty_o year_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n make_v a_o public_a resignation_n in_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n septemb_n 16._o 1668._o notwithstanding_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o whole_a senate_n and_o of_o all_o the_o nobility_n to_o make_v he_o alter_v his_o resolution_n and_o the_o tear_n that_o be_v shed_v by_o all_o the_o people_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o so_o dismal_a a_o revolution_n for_o he_o be_v so_o universal_o belove_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o senate_n that_o they_o voluntary_o assign_v he_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 50000_o crown_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o their_o acknowledgement_n towards_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v govern_v they_o so_o well_o nevertheless_o that_o pension_n be_v never_o pay_v though_o it_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v after_o his_o election_n the_o abdicated_a king_n go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v at_o nevers_n december_n 16._o 1672._o i_o can_v on_o this_o occasion_n forbear_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o odd_a circumstance_n in_o the_o fate_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o his_o queen_n for_o the_o latter_a quit_v france_n and_o go_v to_o poland_n where_o she_o die_v in_o her_o husband_n city_n and_o the_o former_a leave_v foland_n and_o go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v in_o his_o wive_n city_n innovation_n be_v always_o dangerous_a to_o a_o state_n and_o threaten_v it_o with_o some_o fatal_a revolution_n which_o the_o polander_n consider_v endeavour_v to_o prevent_v the_o consequence_n of_o so_o unusual_a a_o action_n cause_v a_o article_n to_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o they_o make_v king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v that_o never_o any_o king_n shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o abdicate_v for_o the_o future_a but_o that_o article_n be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la which_o king_n john_n the_o iiid_n swear_v after_o his_o election_n in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n at_o warsaw_n june_n 5._o 1674._o an_fw-mi interregnum_fw-la may_v be_v also_o occasion_v by_o the_o depose_v of_o a_o prince_n either_o for_o heresy_n or_o some_o other_o notorious_a crime_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o locticus_n who_o be_v depose_v for_o his_o excessive_a debauchery_n and_o succeed_v by_o wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bobemia_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1300._o but_o those_o instance_n be_v very_o rare_a as_o well_o as_o the_o example_n of_o a_o
republic_n that_o right_o be_v now_o give_v to_o those_o who_o be_v in_o favour_n at_o court_n or_o protect_v by_o some_o great_a lord_n whereas_o former_o it_o be_v grant_v only_o to_o officer_n as_o a_o recompense_n for_o their_o service_n do_v to_o the_o state_n those_o who_o be_v not_o officer_n and_o yet_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n procure_v their_o name_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v among_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n who_o demand_v to_o be_v make_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o pretender_n give_v in_o a_o account_n of_o his_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o put_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o after_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o their_o patent_n seal_v they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n by_o which_o they_o swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o marshal_n give_v they_o a_o certificate_n declare_v that_o the_o diet_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o one_o for_o its_o natural_a son_n and_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o he_o yet_o though_o a_o stranger_n be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o considerable_a employment_n or_o consistorial_n benefice_n on_o he_o or_o his_o child_n to_o the_o three_o generation_n for_o the_o republic_n have_v make_v this_o provision_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o assure_v of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o any_o office_n or_o enjoy_v any_o benefice_n according_a to_o the_o constitution_n and_o law_n of_o poland_n a_o diet_n must_v not_o sit_v above_o six_o week_n and_o the_o nobility_n be_v so_o fond_a and_o jealous_a of_o their_o privilege_n that_o when_o the_o king_n endeavour_v to_o prolong_v the_o session_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o even_o when_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n require_v the_o sit_v of_o that_o assembly_n the_o deputy_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o oppose_v such_o a_o innovation_n and_o charge_v their_o marshal_n to_o acquaint_v the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v immediate_o leave_v the_o diet_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o keep_v they_o long_o than_o usual_o i_o shall_v only_o mention_v one_o instance_n of_o this_o unaccountable_a obstinacy_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o diet_n assemble_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1649._o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n at_o pilaveze_n and_o afterwerd_n the_o dreadful_a irruption_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v reduce_v the_o republic_n almost_o to_o the_o last_o extremity_n and_o since_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v so_o busy_v in_o determine_v particular_a affair_n that_o they_o have_v not_o time_n to_o consider_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o raise_v a_o sufficient_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o so_o barbarous_a and_o formidable_a a_o enemy_n till_o the_o very_a day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n and_o the_o senator_n endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o avoid_v the_o terrible_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o and_o for_o that_o end_n resolve_v to_o prolong_v the_o diet_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o deputy_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o resolution_n they_o send_v their_o marshal_n to_o the_o senator_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o prolong_n of_o diet_n and_o afterward_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o the_o king_n the_o marshal_n to_o execute_v his_o commission_n go_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o begin_v to_o thank_v the_o king_n and_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n rise_v up_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v condescend_v to_o sit_v only_o one_o day_n long_o represent_v the_o press_v exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n the_o chancellor_n second_v these_o entreaty_n with_o a_o very_a move_a and_o pathetic_a harangue_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n have_v resume_v his_o character_n which_o he_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o go_v back_o to_o the_o deputy_n and_o pray_v they_o to_o give_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o prolongation_n which_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n desire_v the_o deputy_n meet_v again_o at_o the_o return_n of_o their_o marshal_n and_o be_v at_o last_o prevail_v with_o though_o not_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n to_o consent_v that_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v prolong_v but_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v whatever_o his_o palatinat_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o ask_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o the_o open_a field_n about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la where_o they_o erect_v a_o sort_n of_o booth_n cover_v with_o board_n at_o the_o public_a charge_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n be_v call_v szopa_n or_o a_o shelter_n from_o bad_a wether_n this_o place_n be_v build_v and_o prepare_v by_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v three_o door_n the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o diet_n be_v come_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n go_v to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n to_o hear_v the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o to_o beg_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n in_o order_n to_o the_o elect_v of_o a_o new_a king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o qualitys_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o church_n and_o of_o the_o republic_n after_o which_o they_o go_v to_o the_o szopa_n where_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n elect_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n that_o be_v send_v by_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n and_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n go_v to_o salute_v the_o senator_n and_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o their_o approbation_n after_o these_o preliminary_n the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n enter_v into_o a_o union_n or_o association_n which_o they_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o not_o to_o name_v any_o person_n for_o king_n nor_o acknowledge_v he_o as_o such_o till_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o they_o all_o they_o swear_v also_o to_o preserve_v all_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o he_o who_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o shall_v be_v declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o his_o country_n they_o promise_v reciprocal_o neither_o to_o give_v their_o voice_n for_o a_o election_n nor_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o agreement_n with_o the_o candidate_n or_o their_o ambassador_n till_o all_o the_o irregularity_n and_o disorder_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v either_o in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o duchy_n be_v consider_v and_o redress_v they_o annul_v and_o make_v void_a all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o even_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o king_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o liberty_n and_o promise_v to_o make_v a_o law_n to_o that_o purpose_n they_o declare_v that_o all_o the_o judgement_n give_v before_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la shall_v be_v valid_a and_o that_o they_o will_v approve_v of_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n establish_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v call_v kaptur_n and_o be_v design_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n for_o raise_v of_o soldier_n and_o for_o maintain_v the_o law_n they_o forbid_v any_o person_n to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o stranger_n or_o with_o fire-arm_n they_o ordain_v that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v take_v a_o oath_n before_o commissioner_n to_o discharge_v the_o trust_n that_o be_v repose_v in_o they_o with_o all_o possible_a fidelity_n to_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o their_o troop_n than_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o oblige_v they_o also_o to_o swear_v to_o assert_v the_o public_a interest_n in_o case_n of_o a_o sedition_n or_o revolt_v to_o restrain_v the_o soldier_n from_o injure_v any_o person_n to_o receive_v no_o money_n either_o from_o the_o clergy_n or_o laity_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o soldier_n from_o receive_v any_o after_o which_o they_o forbid_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n to_o march_v with_o their_o force_n into_o
encamp_v that_o they_o may_v be_v perpetual_o under_o a_o strict_a discipline_n ready_a to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v keep_v from_o pillage_n and_o ruine_v the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o expedient_a will_v doubtless_o be_v very_o agreeable_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o people_n who_o can_v with_o less_o trouble_n raise_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o troop_n at_o distance_n than_o maintain_v they_o at_o home_o and_o suffer_v all_o the_o disorder_n which_o they_o commit_v in_o their_o frequent_a march_n through_o the_o country_n this_o remedy_n have_v be_v very_o much_o commend_v by_o some_o but_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o soldier_n be_v always_o keep_v in_o a_o camp_n under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o officer_n '_o twon_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n too_o powerful_a thus_o the_o soldier_n continue_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n and_o harrass_n the_o kingdom_n without_o any_o prospect_n of_o redress_n i_o intimate_v before_o that_o the_o want_n of_o discipline_n and_o the_o little_a order_n that_o be_v observe_v among_o the_o polish_v troop_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v a_o new_a army_n almost_o every_o year_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o pay_v their_o soldier_n which_o be_v neither_o every_o week_n nor_o every_o month_n nor_o every_o six_o month_n and_o sometime_o not_o at_o all_o be_v a_o more_o dangerous_a fault_n because_o it_o keep_v they_o under_o a_o perpetual_a temptation_n to_o desert_n for_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o army_n they_o live_v upon_o colewore_n root_n fruit_n which_o they_o find_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o on_o horseflesh_n when_o they_o can_v get_v it_o it_o be_v not_o the_o castom_n in_o poland_n to_o give_v ammunition-bread_n so_o that_o the_o officer_n be_v force_v to_o let_v the_o soldier_n shift_v for_o themselves_o and_o consequent_o since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v starve_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o must_v raise_v a_o new_a army_n every_o year_n they_o pay_v the_o officer_n but_o once_o in_o the_o year_n and_o frequent_o but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o for_o that_o end_n they_o appoint_v commissioner_n to_o meet_v at_o some_o place_n remote_a from_o the_o court_n because_o by_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o meeting_n that_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n though_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o his_o name_n the_o commissioner_n that_o be_v depute_v by_o the_o diet_n regulate_v the_o payment_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o usual_o make_v some_o abatement_n especial_o to_o stranger_n nor_o must_v they_o be_v absolute_o blame_v for_o abridge_n the_o pay_n of_o the_o officer_n because_o they_o hardly_o lie_v out_o any_o money_n for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o their_o company_n whereas_o the_o commissioner_n make_v up_o their_o account_n as_o if_o they_o have_v entertain_v their_o soldier_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o polish_v service_n be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o wait_v some_o time_n for_o their_o mony_n the_o army_n be_v usual_o pay_v but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o sometime_o the_o republic_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v they_o then_o which_o occasion_n a_o universal_a murmur_a among_o the_o soldier_n and_o oblige_v they_o sometime_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n after_o the_o officer_n have_v long_o complain_v of_o the_o retain_v of_o their_o pay_n and_o have_v remonstrate_v to_o the_o court_n and_o to_o the_o diet_n that_o they_o can_v no_o long_o subsist_v without_o it_o and_o after_o they_o perceive_v that_o their_o complaint_n and_o remonstrance_n be_v neglect_v they_o assemble_v together_o and_o make_v a_o rokoâ—z_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n signify_v a_o separation_n from_o their_o general_n the_o subaltern_n officer_n thus_o assemble_v choose_v two_o of_o their_o number_n one_o for_o their_o marshal_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o licutenant_n to_o these_o officer_n who_o they_o call_v substitute_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o oblige_v the_o republic_n to_o pay_v they_o after_o which_o the_o marshal_n command_v this_o confederate_a army_n as_o if_o he_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o general_n of_o it_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o consider_v person_n that_o such_o a_o revolt_n must_v be_v attend_v with_o terrible_a consequenees_n for_o then_o the_o army_n in_o stead_n of_o march_v towards_o the_o enemy_n or_o guard_v the_o frontier_n harass_n the_o country_n and_o with_o a_o unbridled_a liberty_n overruns_a the_o estate_n of_o the_o nobleman_n make_v necessity_n the_o prtext_n of_o all_o the_o disorder_n they_o commit_v the_o danger_n of_o these_o confederacy_n will_v appear_v if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o violent_a proceed_n of_o the_o confederate_a army_n of_o which_o swiderski_n be_v marshal_n and_o borzecki_n substitute_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o occasion_v by_o want_n of_o pay_n as_o by_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v by_o some_o person_n who_o hope_v to_o enrich_v themselves_o during_o the_o general_n disorder_n which_o can_v not_o be_v quiet_v without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o trouble_n at_o leopold_n by_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o army_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n or_o constitution_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v presume_v to_o hold_v meeting_n make_v harangue_n raise_v sedition_n or_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o death_n and_o that_o whosoever_o shall_v join_v the_o confederate_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o office_n i_o have_v also_o observe_v another_o defect_n in_o poland_n concern_v the_o office_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n which_o be_v give_v for_o life_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o displace_v a_o general_n who_o he_o have_v once_o advance_v though_o he_o be_v often_o oblige_v to_o confer_v this_o dignity_n upon_o some_o great_a lord_n who_o be_v perfect_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o art_n of_o war._n it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o strange_a then_o that_o poland_n shall_v suffer_v some_o loss_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o let_v slip_v several_a opportunity_n of_o weaken_v their_o enemy_n for_o they_o have_v more_o need_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n of_o a_o active_a and_o experience_a general_n who_o know_v how_o to_o manage_v the_o soldier_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o in_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o forage_v for_o the_o horse_n nor_o subsistance_n for_o the_o foot_n who_o will_v never_o engage_v his_o troop_n in_o any_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v easy_o make_v good_a his_o retreat_n nor_o ever_o neglect_v a_o advantageous_a occasion_n of_o give_v battle_n to_o his_o enemy_n and_o especial_o one_o who_o know_v that_o a_o numerous_a army_n ought_v not_o to_o engage_v with_o a_o small_a one_o in_o a_o narrow_a and_o close_a place_n because_o in_o such_o a_o case_n a_o handful_n of_o man_n may_v beat_v a_o formidable_a army_n as_o it_o appear_v for_o example_n by_o the_o instance_n of_o marshal_n lubomirski_n who_o defeat_v the_o vanguard_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n army_n at_o the_o passage_n of_o montroi_n and_o of_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n who_o though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o army_n of_o king_n casimir_n iii_o defeat_v they_o in_o a_o place_n where_o king_n casimir_n troop_n can_v not_o extend_v themselves_o nor_o put_v themselves_o in_o battalion_n if_o therefore_o the_o polander_n have_v experience_v general_n they_o may_v one_o day_n destroy_v all_o the_o ottoman_a infantry_n for_o which_o they_o have_v have_v several_a fair_a opportunity_n they_o may_v regain_v all_o that_o they_o have_v lose_v and_o even_o extend_v their_o conquest_n far_o but_o to_o obtain_v this_o advantage_n the_o office_n of_o general_n of_o the_o army_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v for_o life_n but_o only_o to_o person_n of_o merry_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o more_o animate_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o officer_n than_o the_o hope_n of_o high_a preferment_n and_o there_o be_v more_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o honour_n when_o they_o may_v attain_v it_o by_o their_o own_o merit_n without_o expect_v the_o death_n of_o those_o who_o possess_v it_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o heretofore_o this_o office_n be_v not_o give_v for_o life_n in_o poland_n as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a for_o john_n tarnowski_n be_v the_o first_o who_o king_n sigismond_n make_v perpetual_a general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o aâ—serwards_o nicholas_n radziwill_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n in_o lithuania_n there_o be_v also_o in_o poland_n another_o disorder_n among_o the_o officer_n viz._n
office_n under_o the_o penalty_n aforementioned_a this_o space_n of_o three_o year_n be_v afterward_o contract_v to_o two_o year_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a edict_n whereas_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o year_n last_o pass_v 1668._o the_o arian_n or_o socinian_n sect_n be_v banish_v out_o of_o our_o dominion_n by_o we_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n and_o three_o year_n time_n be_v allow_v they_o to_o sell_v off_o their_o good_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o present_a diet_n we_o grant_v they_o two_o year_n for_o sell_v their_o good_n to_o commence_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o diet_n and_o to_o end_v precise_o on_o the_o twelve_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n next_o ensue_v 1669_o which_o shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o those_o who_o shall_v hereafter_o return_v into_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o several_a abscond_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o many_o other_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o noble_n after_o the_o foreign_a war_n in_o which_o poland_n be_v engage_v be_v over_o they_o be_v all_o banish_a the_o kingdom_n by_o a_o severe_a edict_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v we_o return_v due_a thanks_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o host_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o last_o year_n who_o have_v give_v we_o so_o many_o signal_n victory_n over_o our_o enemy_n and_o desire_v by_o this_o our_o gratitude_n to_o continue_v the_o divine_a favour_n towards_o we_o when_o we_o shall_v have_v banish_v out_o of_o our_o dominion_n those_o who_o oppose_v the_o praeeternity_n of_o his_o son_n according_a to_o our_o edict_n make_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n in_o the_o year_n 1668_o and_o 1669_o against_o the_o arian_n or_o socinian_n sect_n we_o for_o the_o prevent_v the_o abscond_n of_o any_o of_o the_o say_a sect_n within_o our_o territory_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n and_o that_o the_o foresay_a law_n against_o they_o may_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n do_v 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to_o make_v our_o wound_n raw_a and_o gape_v as_o they_o be_v to_o bleed_v afresh_o my_o soul_n shiver_n at_o the_o reflection_n of_o those_o many_o fatal_a blow_v we_o have_v receive_v not_o only_o my_o mind_n but_o my_o hand_n and_o pen_n shake_v at_o and_o fly_v back_o from_o the_o recital_n of_o those_o misfortune_n which_o have_v hitherto_o pursue_v we_o and_o whereof_o i_o myself_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n we_o be_v ah_o we_o be_v a_o happy_a people_n and_o now_o the_o very_a remembrance_n of_o that_o felicity_n which_o our_o church_n for_o so_o many_o year_n by_o the_o divine_a favour_n do_v enjoy_v do_v render_v the_o sense_n of_o our_o present_n trouble_v the_o more_o severe_a so_o that_o we_o be_v loath_a so_o much_o as_o to_o remember_v when_o how_o and_o by_o what_o step_v we_o fall_v from_o be_v what_o we_o be_v and_o do_v not_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o we_o suffer_v and_o the_o consolation_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o patience_n support_v our_o mind_n it_o will_v be_v better_o for_o we_o who_o be_v almost_o overwhelm_v with_o such_o a_o vast_a weight_n of_o calamity_n to_o forget_v all_o that_o be_v past_a that_o so_o our_o present_a misery_n may_v be_v bear_v the_o more_o easy_a yet_o because_o you_o be_v desirous_a of_o have_v some_o description_n of_o our_o present_a condition_n we_o will_v give_v it_o you_o not_o draw_v in_o its_o own_o proper_a and_o lively_a colour_n but_o set_v off_o in_o the_o plain_a dress_n and_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v but_o a_o trouble_n for_o we_o to_o insist_v long_o upon_o these_o we_o shall_v but_o light_o touch_v nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o give_v you_o in_o a_o long_a train_n a_o catalogue_n of_o unknown_a name_n if_o the_o faithfulness_n of_o the_o relator_n be_v suspect_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o enrage_a or_o at_o least_o ignorant_a witness_n and_o judge_n of_o our_o cause_n it_o be_v a_o great_a enhancement_n to_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o miserable_a but_o though_o fortune_n have_v abandon_v we_o in_o our_o misery_n yet_o we_o still_o retain_v our_o integrity_n it_o be_v best_a therefore_o to_o show_v you_o the_o beginning_n of_o our_o trouble_n and_o when_o these_o be_v once_o know_v it_o will_v be_v visible_a to_o every_o one_o how_o absurd_a and_o unjust_a it_o be_v to_o discredit_v the_o truth_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o our_o suffering_n can_v be_v otherwise_o the_o first_o rise_v of_o our_o trouble_n we_o may_v date_n from_o the_o war_n begin_v in_o our_o country_n with_o the_o cossack_n in_o the_o year_n 1648_o whereby_o several_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n and_o many_o of_o our_o countryman_n especial_o those_o of_o we_o who_o be_v borderer_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n be_v rifle_v of_o our_o estate_n and_o possession_n or_o at_o least_o suffer_v irreparable_a loss_n upon_o this_o long_o before_o the_o law_n of_o proscripion_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1668_o i_o with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o my_o estate_n be_v ruin_v and_o for_o the_o full_a space_n of_o ten_o year_n before_o the_o banishment_n be_v a_o exile_n and_o with_o several_z other_o of_o our_o friend_n be_v as_o it_o be_v cast_v away_o before_o the_o storm_n come_v immediate_o after_o this_o the_o muscovite_n and_o within_o a_o while_n the_o swede_n and_o at_o last_o the_o transilvanian_o make_v incursion_n into_o our_o country_n which_o put_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o great_a confusion_n and_o not_o the_o least_o creature_n in_o it_o be_v free_a from_o these_o outrage_n for_o their_o own_o soldier_n be_v so_o insolent_a and_o the_o auxiliary_a troop_n of_o scythia_n and_o germany_n so_o violent_a that_o they_o can_v neither_o escape_v by_o flight_n nor_o repel_v by_o arm_n their_o unjust_a force_n we_o be_v not_o indeed_o the_o only_a person_n who_o suffer_v by_o the_o war_n but_o we_o alone_o be_v those_o who_o exhaust_v by_o so_o many_o war_n and_o almost_o expire_a be_v harass_v by_o a_o peace_n more_o cruel_a than_o any_o war_n at_o a_o time_n when_o other_o be_v at_o quiet_a and_o by_o our_o constant_a struggle_v with_o a_o adverse_a fortune_n it_o seem_v as_o if_o the_o former_a war_n have_v inspire_v a_o spirit_n of_o persecution_n into_o the_o peace_n which_o follow_v although_o in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o the_o war_n our_o enemy_n be_v so_o industrious_a as_o to_o find_v out_o mean_v whereby_o the_o heavy_a weight_n of_o the_o war_n may_v fall_v on_o our_o head_n for_o upon_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n casimire_n while_o the_o swede_n be_v master_n of_o cracow_n the_o deputy_n from_o all_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n flock_v thither_o to_o adjust_a matter_n with_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o army_n with_o their_o general_n separated_z and_o almost_o all_o order_n buy_v their_o peace_n by_o surrender_v but_o that_o we_o may_v not_o share_v the_o benefit_n of_o that_o short_a peace_n our_o inveterate_a enemy_n fall_v upon_o we_o and_o plunder_v we_o whilst_o we_o dream_v of_o no_o such_o danger_n and_o be_v every_o one_o of_o we_o quiet_a in_o our_o own_o habitation_n this_o sudden_a evil_n be_v the_o death_n of_o some_o of_o our_o party_n and_o of_o some_o of_o my_o own_o relation_n but_o several_a who_o with_o much_o ado_n escape_v from_o these_o pillager_n flee_v to_o cracow_n which_o be_v then_o govern_v by_o a_o swedish_n garrison_n though_o they_o be_v force_v upon_o this_o flight_n through_o fear_n and_o have_v long_o before_o this_o voluntary_o throw_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o swede_n yet_o this_o be_v afterward_o most_o unjust_o lay_v to_o their_o charge_n as_o a_o crime_n and_o no_o course_n of_o law_n be_v use_v in_o the_o oppress_v of_o our_o friend_n the_o romish_a mass-priest_n who_o
world_n in_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n near_o coningsberg_n they_o have_v at_o present_a a_o church_n and_o public_a shcool_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o prussian_n who_o every_o year_n in_o their_o diet_n exclaim_v against_o this_o injustice_n of_o the_o elector_n but_o at_o racovia_n the_o seat_n and_o sepulchre_n of_o faustus_n socinus_n after_o many_o change_n the_o print_v house_n and_o academy_n be_v first_o demolish_v come_v at_o last_o by_o right_n of_o inheritance_n to_o the_o grand_a daughter_n of_o james_n sieninski_n palatine_n of_o podolia_n and_o governor_n of_o racovia_n who_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o be_v still_o live_v and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o of_o which_o none_o else_o can_v give_v a_o full_a or_o large_a account_n a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la in_o poland_n and_o the_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n have_v give_v the_o reader_n page_n 221._o a_o short_a epitome_n of_o the_o most_o glorious_a action_n of_o john_n sobieski_n late_a king_n of_o poland_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o complete_a his_o character_n to_o take_v notice_n here_o of_o his_o conduct_n during_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o life_n which_o have_v so_o little_o answer_v the_o glorious_a beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n that_o prince_n enter_v into_o a_o common_a league_n with_o the_o emperor_n the_o republic_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o christendom_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o emperor_n and_o venetian_n carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o so_o much_o vigour_n and_o success_n as_o to_o give_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o the_o pole_n to_o regain_v caminiek_n and_o the_o province_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v get_v from_o they_o yet_o to_o the_o great_a amazement_n of_o the_o world_n the_o polish_v army_n do_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o protect_v their_o country_n against_o the_o excursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n who_o commit_v unspeakable_a disorder_n and_o carry_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n into_o slavery_n this_o occasion_v great_a murmur_n among_o the_o pole_n against_o their_o king_n and_o be_v such_o a_o blot_n as_o tranish_v the_o lustre_n of_o his_o former_a action_n several_n have_v inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o odd_a a_o conduct_n for_o that_o prince_n want_v neither_o courage_n or_o ability_n every_o body_n think_v that_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o have_v be_v many_o conjecture_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o only_a who_o appear_v to_o i_o well_o ground_v be_v that_o prince_n covetousness_n and_o after_o a_o impartial_a examination_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o only_a remora_n who_o stop_v the_o vigorous_a resolution_n that_o be_v yearly_o take_v old_a man_n general_o speak_v be_v covetous_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a enough_o but_o beside_o this_o almost_o natural_a bias_n the_o little_a esteem_n the_o pole_n have_v for_o prince_n james_n be_v a_o great_a motive_n to_o engage_v his_o father_n to_o heap_v up_o money_n though_o to_o the_o visible_a detriment_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o prince_n see_v as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o pole_n express_v little_a esteem_n for_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o consequent_o have_v no_o prospect_n that_o he_o shall_v succeed_v he_o mere_o upon_o account_n of_o his_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n know_v by_o experience_n that_o money_n be_v the_o best_a argument_n to_o recommend_v a_o prince_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o pole_n resolve_v to_o hoard_n up_o money_n and_o therefore_o leave_v his_o army_n unpaid_a the_o magazine_n unprovided_a and_o live_v very_o parsimonious_a in_o his_o house_n the_o same_o reason_n oblige_v he_o to_o set_v a_o tax_n upon_o several_a thing_n that_o be_v former_o give_v gratis_o at_o his_o court_n as_o pass_n petition_n and_o the_o like_a france_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v sensible_a that_o the_o turk_n can_v hardly_o make_v head_n against_o so_o many_o enemy_n if_o all_o of_o they_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n make_v a_o good_a use_n of_o the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o yearly_o pension_n to_o that_o hungry_a prince_n disappoint_v all_o the_o design_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n who_o can_v hardly_o bear_v without_o murmur_n that_o caminick_n shall_v continue_v so_o long_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o infidel_n a_o violent_a and_o very_a extraordinary_a distemper_n king_n john_n labour_v under_o give_v he_o a_o sufficient_a warn_v of_o his_o death_n draw_v nigh_o he_o try_v several_a way_n to_o have_v his_o son_n choose_v his_o successor_n in_o his_o life-time_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o poland_n it_o have_v be_v rare_o practise_v and_o the_o king_n be_v not_o belove_v enough_o to_o oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o act_n against_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n when_o king_n john_n die_v which_o happen_v the_o 17_o of_o june_n at_o nine_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n 1696._o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n death_n be_v immediate_o carry_v by_o a_o express_a to_o dardinal_n radziowsky_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o regent_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la who_o make_v his_o entry_n into_o warsaw_n on_o the_o 24_o of_o june_n that_o be_v seven_o day_n after_o the_o king_n death_n in_o a_o most_o solemn_a and_o magnificent_a manner_n all_o the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n then_o in_o town_n ride_v forth_o above_o a_o league_n from_o the_o city_n to_o meet_v he_o with_o colour_n fly_v and_o kettle_n drum_v beat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o incredible_a crowd_n of_o people_n his_o eminence_n go_v direct_o to_o the_o castle_n and_o ascend_v into_o the_o room_n where_o the_o king_n body_n lie_v expose_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o have_v say_v a_o short_a prayer_n go_v to_o the_o queen_n apartment_n to_o condole_v her_o majesty_n he_o do_v the_o like_a to_o prince_n james_n and_o his_o brother_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n call_v a_o general_n diet_n to_o meet_v on_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n follow_v to_o choose_v a_o successor_n as_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n since_o that_o time_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v his_o character_n in_o this_o place_n he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a good_a family_n in_o poland_n and_o son_n to_o the_o famous_a radziousky_a who_o call_v in_o the_o swede_n under_o charles_n gustavus_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a part_n but_o somewhat_o obstinate_a pope_n innocent_a xi_o make_v he_o a_o cardinal_n without_o any_o other_o recommendation_n but_o his_o own_o merit_n the_o than_o king_n of_o poland_n though_o his_o relation_n nor_o the_o french_a king_n be_v please_v with_o his_o promotion_n though_o time_n have_v discover_v that_o his_o eminence_n be_v absolute_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n after_o the_o doath_z of_o innocent_a xi_o and_o be_v present_a at_o the_o choose_n of_o a_o new_a pope_n which_o fall_v on_o cardinal_n ottoboni_n he_o live_v like_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o magnificence_n and_o liberality_n acquire_v he_o a_o great_a many_o friend_n upon_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n the_o diet_n assemble_v with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n and_o after_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n have_v be_v celebrate_v by_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n they_o begin_v to_o talk_v of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n of_o their_o assembly_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o many_o dispute_n the_o lesser_a poland_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v her_o turn_n to_o have_v a_o mareshal_n choose_v out_o of_o her_o body_n and_o great_a poland_n put_v in_o the_o same_o claim_n but_o be_v inclinable_a to_o wave_v it_o the_o lithuanian_n oppose_v it_o pretend_v that_o the_o great_a poland_n be_v to_o take_v their_o turn_n now_o that_o lithuania_n may_v have_v they_o in_o the_o next_o diet_n and_o their_o dispute_n grow_v so_o high_a that_o people_n be_v afraid_a the_o diet_n will_v break_v up_o without_o come_v to_o any_o conclusion_n the_o bishop_n of_o posen_n think_v of_o a_o new_a way_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o come_v to_o the_o assembly_n in_o procession_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o clergy_n pretend_v to_o allay_v their_o heat_n by_o the_o charm_n of_o his_o benediction_n but_o this_o provoke_v the_o deputy_n who_o tell_v he_o in_o great_a scorn_n they_o be_v not_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o his_o exorcism_n at_o last_o the_o
the_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o much_o less_o near_o the_o diet_n upon_o pain_n of_o be_v declare_v enemy_n of_o the_o state_n and_o if_o the_o republic_n shall_v be_v attack_v by_o such_o potent_a enemy_n that_o the_o army_n shall_v not_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o oppose_v they_o they_o declare_v that_o from_o that_o minute_n they_o summon_v all_o the_o nobility_n to_o meet_v together_o without_o delay_n at_o the_o place_n and_o time_n which_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v appoint_v that_o the_o review_n of_o the_o soldier_n raise_v in_o general_n by_o the_o republic_n or_o in_o particular_a by_o the_o palatinat_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o camp_n that_o each_o palatinat_n shall_v take_v care_n to_o pay_v it_o be_v own_o troop_n and_o not_o to_o disband_v any_o but_o such_o as_o the_o general_n diet_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o dismiss_v that_o the_o army_n shall_v not_o offer_v any_o violence_n to_o the_o person_n or_o estate_n of_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n or_o clergy_n and_o much_o less_o to_o the_o royal_a demesne_n and_o that_o the_o officer_n shall_v be_v accountable_a for_o the_o injury_n do_v by_o their_o troop_n they_o forbid_v the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n to_o give_v out_o any_o money_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o his_o council_n but_o only_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o troop_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o ordain_v that_o skilful_a and_o honest_a person_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o visit_v the_o saltwork_n and_o to_o regulate_v the_o reparation_n that_o shall_v be_v find_v necessary_a and_o that_o the_o deputy_n of_o certain_a city_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o diet_n till_o they_o have_v prove_v their_o right_n after_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n be_v elect_v and_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n establish_v for_o the_o security_n of_o all_o that_o be_v do_v during_o the_o diet_n they_o begin_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o exorbitance_n or_o irregularity_n commit_v against_o the_o republic_n in_o general_n or_o against_o private_a person_n then_o they_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o ainbassador_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n who_o either_o aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n or_o recommend_v some_o of_o the_o pretender_n when_o the_o ambassador_n be_v to_o have_v their_o audience_n the_o republic_n send_v for_o they_o begin_v with_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n then_o proceed_v to_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n after_o he_o to_o the_o french_a ambassor_n and_o next_o to_o that_o of_o spain_n but_o since_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n after_o the_o death_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n when_o the_o spanish_a ambassador_n demand_v audience_n before_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n who_o notwithstanding_o be_v prefer_v before_o he_o whereupon_o he_o retire_v without_o make_v his_o harangue_n there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o ambassanor_n from_o the_o court_n of_o spain_n for_o as_o for_o don_n ronquillos_n the_o spanish_a minister_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o diet_n in_o 1674._o for_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n iii_o he_o never_o dare_v assume_v the_o title_n or_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n lest_o he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n the_o diet_n always_o send_v some_o of_o the_o senator_n to_o the_o ambassador_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o constitution_n that_o regulate_v the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o be_v send_v to_o the_o minister_n but_o i_o remember_v the_o diet_n in_o 1674._o depute_v 2_o palatine_n and_o 4_o casteilans_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n and_o all_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n send_v their_o servant_n and_o coach_n so_o that_o his_o train_n consist_v of_o above_o 100_o coach_n and_o more_o than_o 3000_o men._n when_o the_o ambassador_n receive_v audience_n they_o make_v their_o harangue_n in_o latin_n the_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n who_o preside_v answer_v for_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n for_o the_o nobility_n the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o audience_n be_v attend_v by_o the_o same_o train_n that_o accompany_v he_o thither_o and_o since_o a_o plentiful_a entertainment_n be_v next_o to_o money_n the_o most_o prevail_a and_o successful_a argument_n to_o win_v the_o esteem_n and_o affection_n of_o a_o polander_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a care_n of_o a_o ambassador_n to_o treat_v they_o liberal_o and_o to_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o as_o may_v not_o only_o fill_v their_o stomach_n but_o intoxicate_a their_o brain_n beside_o the_o care_n that_o a_o ambassador_n ought_v to_o take_v to_o manage_v the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n he_o ought_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n to_o oblige_v the_o clergy_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o interest_n and_o authority_n be_v most_o capable_a of_o render_v his_o negotiation_n successful_a he_o must_v be_v always_o ready_a to_o make_v they_o considerable_a present_n which_o they_o receive_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o alm_n that_o in_o their_o sermon_n and_o private_a discourse_n they_o may_v extol_v the_o liberality_n and_o magnificence_n of_o his_o master_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o a_o ambassador_n ought_v to_o be_v liberal_a to_o all_o the_o various_a rank_n and_o condition_n of_o people_n that_o he_o may_v gain_v the_o assistance_n of_o some_o and_o avoid_v the_o opposition_n of_o other_o beside_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o pay_v they_o all_o that_o he_o promise_v in_o ready_a money_n but_o give_v they_o part_v at_o first_o and_o keep_v they_o in_o expectation_n of_o the_o rest_n otherwise_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o keep_v their_o word_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o receive_v more_o have_v a_o far_o great_a influence_n upon_o they_o than_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v already_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o repeat_v it_o that_o a_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o manage_n all_o the_o senator_n in_o general_n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n his_o interest_n to_o manage_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n because_o they_o be_v the_o head_n and_o master_n of_o religion_n by_o which_o the_o people_n be_v usual_o soon_o gain_v but_o above_o all_o if_o a_o ambassador_n design_n to_o obtain_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v must_v never_o forget_v to_o secure_v the_o assistance_n of_o at_o least_o one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a prelate_n and_o it_o be_v even_o expedient_a to_o treat_v the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o the_o laity_n for_o the_o money_n that_o be_v spend_v in_o feast_n be_v sometime_o bestow_v to_o better_a purpose_n than_o that_o which_o be_v give_v away_o in_o present_n because_o he_o that_o give_v present_n acquire_v the_o jealousy_n and_o hatred_n of_o those_o who_o he_o neglect_v whereas_o many_o person_n at_o once_o may_v be_v oblige_v by_o a_o well-timed_a entertainment_n liberality_n be_v the_o most_o necessary_a qualification_n of_o a_o ambassador_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v penurious_a his_o master_n will_v be_v accuse_v of_o the_o same_o fault_n and_o the_o people_n who_o judge_v only_o by_o what_o they_o see_v will_v be_v apt_a to_o believe_v that_o his_o parsimony_n be_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o candidat_n who_o he_o represent_v it_o be_v also_o no_o less_o certain_a that_o a_o ambassador_n shall_v pursue_v no_o other_o interest_n than_o that_o of_o his_o master_n that_o he_o shall_v serve_v he_o without_o any_o private_a design_n and_o blind_o follow_v all_o his_o order_n and_o intention_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o pope_n forbid_v the_o nuncio_n who_o they_o send_v to_o poland_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n to_o make_v any_o interest_n to_o secure_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o privilege_n which_o that_o prince_n have_v to_o nominate_v one_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o cardinal_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o they_o be_v only_o concern_v for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o christendom_n and_o that_o a_o minister_n who_o be_v send_v from_o the_o common_a father_n of_o the_o faithful_a come_v not_o thither_o with_o a_o spirit_n of_o partiality_n but_o only_o with_o a_o design_n to_o promote_v the_o election_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o may_v be_v able_a and_o willing_a to_o advance_v the_o good_a of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n nevertheless_o it_o have_v be_v frequent_o observe_v that_o the_o nuncio_n contrary_a to_o the_o express_a order_n of_o the_o sovereign_a pontiff_n have_v act_v zealous_o for_o their_o private_a interest_n and_o have_v make_v great_a party_n be_v to_o secure_a the_o nomination_n to_o the_o cardinalship_n to_o return_v to_o the_o diet_n after_o all_o the_o grievance_n