or exploite without the licence of the Lord Lieuetenant vpon paine That no man goe a forraging further then they be appointed by the forrage Master which is garded by the Marshals appointment vpon paine That all priuate Captaines being no head Officers of the Leaguor or Campe which must be continually busied doe watch and ward with their Colours themselues vpon paine That all Souldiours Horsemen and Footemen learne the sounde of both Trumpets and Drums which serueth to call as the mouth of Man and that they be ready at all such calles eyther on Horse or Foote vpon paine That no man doo his naturall easement within the Leaguor nor within certaine space of the same for anoying the Skowtes or standing watch except the same be buried three foote within the ground immediatly vpon paine That no man goe out of his aray eyther in day of battel or in marching vpon paine That no man carry any woman to the Leaguor or kéepe her in the Towne except she be his lawfull wife vpon paine to be punished as a vile person or a vagabond and neuer to be accounted a Souldiour in any seruice Also if any Souldiour béeing a common swearer and leaueth it not after once warning of hys Captaine or Lieuetenant shall be punished as a slaue or villaine to the example of others Also that no man take any thing of the Princes subiects without he pay truely for it or it be giuen him vpon paine Also that no man be lodged in Garison or Leaguor but onely by the Quarter Maister appointed for the same vpon paine Also that all Souldiours intreate theyr Hostis and theyr familie well béeing the Princes Subiects to the intent they may be welcome if they come againe or others in theyr places for els we shoulde not onely make warre with our Enemies but also vpon Princes friendes vpon paine Also that no Souldiour be a common dicer or drunkarde which is the onely way to wast his wages which should bee his maintenaunce otherwise to goe like a slaue vpon paine Also that no priuate Captaine nor others come from hys watch or warde beeing appointed to the same in Leaguor or Garison till they be released by other Companies or els dyscharged for what a shame is it to a Captaine when his companie dooth not theyr duetie for want of hys presence and be distressed by the meanes therof what account is such a Captaine able to make to his Prince or Lord Lieuetenant that will come away leauing his Ensigne and Companie behind him in like manner to any other man Wherefore no man shall depart from his Company vpon paine Also in times of lodging the Leaguor all Horsemen shall keepe on horsebacke vntill such time as all footemen be entered into the Leaguor or Campe and euery man appointed the quarter or place of assembly vpon paine Also those Horsemen shall see the Skowtes sette foorth to skowte vppon the high groundes on all sides of the Leaguor and to sée all Cariages Ordenaunce and Municions cleerly entred into the Leaguor or Campe before they enter or dysmount they shall remaine in theyr Armours till the place of encamping be made vpon paine Also if any allarum be made the Sargiant Maior shall resort to the place of assembly dilligently there to place euery Souldiour in good order of battaile and in the strongest manner to be deuised vpon paine The cause of allarums or shewe of Enemies to the Leaguor eyther by night or by day SOmetimes to viewe your order of array and to discouer your numbers Sometimes to viewe your Horsemen howe they be appointed with great horse for the battaile and light horse and such like Sometimes to view your Ordenaunces what store of Cannons you haue for battery fielde Peeces for the battell and such like Sometimes to viewe the situation of your Leaguor how they may best bring the allarum in the night by Canuisado or otherwise Sometimes to viewe the placing of your victuals or powder and howe they may best take or destroy the same Sometimes to traine men out of the Leaguor to bring them into the place or lappes of theyr ambush Sometimes to kéepe men waking and so to weary them with allarums whereby they shall not be able to appeare in theyr places at time of neede Sometimes to kéepe in Skowtes or Forragers vntill they doo some exployt eyther in victualing some holde or els making some breach or such like Sometimes they will mount as many Footemen as they can vppon baggage horse to make a great shewe of Horsemen Heere followeth the poynters of the Leaguor or Campe which shall take view of the place appointed THE High Marshall the Quarter Maister the Maister of the Ordenaunce the Captaines of the Pyoners or french Maisters diuers other Officers with certain Lieuetenants of euery warde to view the place appointed which Officers shall be well and strongly guarded with one or two thousand horse at the least for great honour consisteth in the safe keeping of your Marshall and other heade Officers also they be a good asiuraunce for the rest of the Armie which followeth It behooueth them to haue circumspect Skowtes which shall march before them strongly guarded with a company of Pykes and shotte or troupes of Light Horsemen least your enemies lie in ambush or deuise some other engin when you thinke least of them how to overthrow your Marshal which were a great discomfort in a field to your Souldiours and a greater encouragement to the Enemies Wherefore make your Marshall strong that goeth before and hee shall bee a good strength to them that follow and when the Marshall is arriued at the place appointed for the Armie where they shall lodge and that hee and the rest of his companie haue viewed round about the same then it shall be meete for the Captaine of the Pyoners and the Carriage Maisters to returne to the Armie to sée theyr Companie and carriages conueyed to the place before appointed and to leade them as in times past haue béene vsed which is to march but fiue or sixe myles in foure howres so your Arinie shall come at time conuenient to theyr lodging to prouide forrage and such necessaries and not to be ouertoyled and made wearie for a wearie man béeing assailed in time of his wearines is halfe ouercome by the reason of hys wearines In lodging the Armie aforesayde YOU shall lodge the Armie where they may be Lordes of theyr commodities which may not be spared as Wood water and pastures which must be good and swéete alwaies kept cleane being thus furnished the Marshall and quarter Master shall appoint to place the Arinie on the higher ground where they may haue the most aduantage against the enemies if they should approache them The Master of the Ordenance shall place his charge to the most aduantage of the hyll where they may best discouer and shoote to those partes where the enemies might best approche Also if your enemies assault they shall climbe vppe
men haue not practise in theyr weapons and so be expert and cunning in the vse thereof your Companies shall be much weaker then those which are practised and perfect Not to giue battell without the aduice and counsaile of diuers olde Seruitors and men of experience THere be many men of good seruice and experience saith it is not good for a Generall or Leader of an Armie to be ouer hastie in gyuing battaile to the Enemies except it be vpon some great aduantage for that it is a matter of weight and ought very wisely and carefully to be foreseene for that his honour and wealth of a Realme lyeth thereon Wherefore first you are to consider and to examine the estate and strength of the enemies howe they be furnished with men of seruice and experience also with Armour and weapons both for Horsemen and footemen as also with other strengthes Then you are to consider with your selues of your owne strength and what number of men you haue likewise how expert they be in theyr weapons and whether they bee well appointed for such seruice or no. Then if you finde your owne partie good you may proceede if but indifferent then it is the opinion of olde Seruitors of experience not to be too hastie to giue the battaile if you may otherwise choose although it hath béene oftentimes séene that a few in number hath forced to fight or els to retyre and if that smal company doo tarry and fight it out then they doo determine with theÌ„selues euery man to be resolute that one man is worth two at such times and commonly it is séene that the greatest number is carelesse and thinke themselues most sure of the victory but victory is vncertaine for God giueth victory where he pleaseth Wherefore I woulde wish all Leaders though they be more in number then their Enemies not to be too hastie but kéepe themselues stronglie together and if in case you giue the battaile then doe it with courage and resolute mindes determined to abide the time of good fortune and victory and doubtlesse one of those men so determined is woorth three others A way to march and conduct foorth the Armie Place this battell 293. fallio at this marke ****** ⧠A breefe Kalender for the better vnderstanding how to augment your Companies by degrees and in marching eyther by 3. 5. or 7. to bring them into a square battell as to say in the first number adde three times 1. is 3. three times 2. is 6. three times 3. is 9. And so forth for the first Table the seconde and the third Numb Addit 1 3 2 6 3 9 4 12 5 15 6 18 7 21 8 24 9 27 10 30 11 33 12 36 13 39 14 42 15 45 16 48 17 51 18 54 19 57 20 60 21 63 22 66 23 69 24 72 25 75 26 78 27 81 28 84 29 87 30 90 31 93 32 96 33 99 34 102 35 105 36 108 37 111 38 114 39 117 40 120 41 123 42 126 43 129 44 132 45 135 46 138 47 141 48 144 49 147 50 150 51 153 52 156 53 159 54 162 55 165 56 168 57 171 58 174 59 177 60 180 61 183 62 186 63 189 64 192 65 195 66 198 67 201 68 204 69 207 70 210 71 213 72 216 73 219 74 222 75 225 76 228 77 231 78 234 79 237 80 240 81 243 82 246 83 249 84 252 85 255 86 258 87 261 88 264 89 267 90 270 91 273 92 276 93 279 94 282 95 285 96 288 97 291 98 294 99 297 100 300 The square roote of this 300. is 17. vnplaced 11. FINIS The second Table Numb Addit 1 5 2 10 3 15 4 20 5 25 6 30 7 35 8 40 9 45 10 50 11 55 12 60 13 65 14 70 15 75 16 80 17 85 18 90 19 95 20 100 21 105 22 110 23 115 24 120 25 125 26 130 27 135 28 140 29 145 30 150 31 155 32 160 33 165 34 170 35 175 36 180 37 185 38 190 39 195 40 200 41 205 42 210 43 215 44 220 45 225 46 230 47 235 48 240 49 245 50 250 51 255 52 260 53 265 54 270 55 275 56 280 57 285 58 290 59 295 60 300 61 305 62 310 63 315 64 320 65 325 66 330 67 335 68 340 69 345 70 350 71 355 72 360 73 365 74 370 75 375 76 380 77 385 78 390 79 395 80 400 81 405 82 410 83 415 84 420 85 425 86 430 87 435 88 440 89 445 90 450 91 455 92 460 93 465 94 470 95 475 96 480 97 485 98 490 99 495 100 500 The square roote of this 500. is 22. vnplaced 11. FINIS The third Table Numb Addit 1 7 2 14 3 21 4 28 5 35 6 42 7 49 8 56 9 63 10 70 11 77 12 84 13 91 14 98 15 105 16 112 17 119 18 126 19 133 20 140 21 147 22 154 23 161 24 168 25 175 26 182 27 189 28 196 29 203 30 210 31 217 32 224 33 231 34 238 35 245 36 252 37 259 38 266 39 273 40 280 41 287 42 294 43 301 44 308 45 315 46 322 47 329 48 335 49 342 50 350 51 357 52 364 53 371 54 378 55 385 56 392 57 399 58 406 59 413 60 420 61 427 62 434 63 441 64 448 65 455 66 462 67 469 68 476 69 483 70 490 71 497 72 504 73 511 74 518 75 525 76 532 77 539 78 546 79 553 80 560 81 567 82 574 83 581 84 588 85 595 86 6â—2 87 609 88 616 89 623 90 630 91 637 92 644 93 651 94 658 95 665 96 672 97 679 98 686 99 693 100 700 The square roote of this 700. is 26. vnplaced 24 FINIS ⧠Heerefolloweth a breefe discouerie of euery battaile before figured the square rootes whereof I haue most plainelie sette downe in Figure following which serueth to imbattaile from 100. to 1000 and so you may proceede on forward as before to 10. 20. or 30. thousand For such occasions of busines at this present driues me to conclude with more breuity then at the first I determined 100. FIrst you shall vnderstand the square roote of 100. is 10. none vnplaced bastard square 11. in Front 9. in flanck 1. vnplaced broade square 14. in Front 7. in flancke 2. vnplaced 200. The square roote of 200. is 14. 4. vnplaced bastard square 15. in Fronte 13. in flancke 5. vnplaced broade square 20. in fronte 10. in flancke none vnplaced 300. The square roote is 17. 11. vnplaced bastard square 18. in fronte 16. in flancke 12. vnplaced broade square 25. in front 12. in flancke none vnplaced 400. The square roote is 20. none vnplaced bastarde square 21 in fronte 19. in flancke one vnplaced broad square 28. in front 14. in flancke 8. vnplaced 500. The square roote is 22. 16. vnplaced bastard square 23. in front 21. in flancke 17. vnplaced broad square 31. in front 16 in flancke 4. vnplaced 600. The square roote is 24. 24. vnplaced bastarde square 25. in front 24 in flancke none vnplaced broade square 35. in front 17. in flancke 12. vnplaced 700. The square roote is 26. 24. vnplaced bastard square 27. in front 25. in flancke 25. vnplaced broade square 38. in front 18. in flancke 16. vplaced 800 The square roote is 28. 16. vnplaced bastarde square 29. in front 27. in flanck 17. vnplaced broad square 40. in front 20. in flancke none vnplaced 900. The square roote is 30. none vnplaced bastarde square 31. in fronte 26. in flancke 1. vnplaced broad square 42. in front 21. in flancke 18. vnplaced 1000. The square roote is 31. 39. vnplaced bastard square 40. in front 25. in flancke none vnplaced broad square 45. in front 22. in flanck 10. vnplaced FINIS COurteous Gentlemen great occasions of present busines calleth me from my penne which driues me to conclude in more breefe manner then I was determined Wherein I haue erred through ignoraunce I haue no doubt but you will pardon of curtesie may opportunity serue I will proceede further In the meane time I beseech you accept of this my good meaning vnto you so shall I with all willingnes rest thankefull vnto you most louing and courteous Gentlemen G. C.
to you whereby their strength is deminished and their breath shortned Also if you will meete with your enemies descending from your Leagar which is on an hill your force and strength is the more for a man going downward is of more force then he that goeth vpward And when hee hath found out such a commodious ground as best befitteth him and lookes for the comming of his enemies then it is good to lodge your Army both horse and foote all in one Leagar or Campe vnlesse it be before a Towne or Castle that you minde to besiege and inclose on euerie side but for a remoouing Leagar or a Leagar lying styl and is not at the stege of neither Towne nor Castle and lookes for the comming of theyr enemies then I thinke in my opinion that men bee of more force lying together in one Leagar or Campe then to lodge in seuerall companies The proportion of your Leagar or Campe. YOU shall make your Leagar or Campe large according to the number of your Armie neither bigger nor lesse then your company serueth therto Pitch your Leagar foure square deuiding the same into foure partes by two great stréets reaching crosse through your Leagar or Campe from the one side to the other two partes for horsemen and two partes for footemen Poynt the place of assembly on the highest part thereof and make the same so large as to imbattaile your number of footemen and in such order as men may passe with ease to the same by the stréetes appoynted You shall point your Market place in the middest of your foure streetes whereas your horsemen shall assemble in time of allarams by night where they shall both arme themselues and kéepe on horsebacke ready to issue forth if néede be Lodge your Generall néere the place of assemblie vpon some commodious grounde Your stréetes are to be made as most commonly is vsed iij. score and tenpaces broad without any annoyance of tentcordes or stakes so may men march in good order with theyr Ensigne to the place of assembly but in any wise looke that your Leagar be neither too large nor too little for your companies for by either of them you are the weaker and point the Artillarie places in such sorte and places as may bee most daungerous to your enemies whensoeuer they assayle you and neere vnto the Artillarie leaue some voyde place to assemble your men together in battailes at time of alarum And if your strength bee great so that you make more battailes then one then you must haue more places of assemblie then one for euery battaile would haue a place of assebly and so to make a stand til occasion serueth with the Artillarie before them in time of allarum besides the horsemen so shal you bee sure if your men be well placed that your Leagar or Campe shal be well warded and defended for a man know eth not on which side the enemies will come wherefore it is good to place your men euery way for your best aduantage Also I woulde wish as I haue sayde before that euery horseman should be ready at the sound of such allarums and to resorte with spéede to the sayde assembly there to doe any seruice if néede shall require at any such times Intrenching your Campe or Leagar ALso if you intend to stay in your enemies Lande specially knowing your enemies to be at hand then it shal be néedfull by the opinion of diuers olde Seruitors to entrench your Campe or Leagar with a Trench of twelue foote déepe and fiftéene foote broade and as wee vse nowe in these dayes which shall haue small Ordenance in them and small shotte to flancke your Trenches and one bastian to be leuell within compasse of your shotte and if you looke not for manie enemies to assayle you then it shall bee sufficient to make the The plat for Incamping Place this battell 268 folio at this mark ****** Trenches of your Leagar but eyght or nine foote deepe and seauen foote broade and at such times all men shall helpe the best they can But if you haue not many enemies at hande and intende to remooue daylie tyll oportunitie serueth then it shall bee sufficient to make your King or Pale with your carriages placing your Ordenances amongst the same to your best aduantage with your stand watch in the midst your Scout watch without the same both on horsebacke and on foote for your better security Intrenching your powder and Treasure ALso it behoueth you to haue a speciall care in bringing your carriages loden with Powder and Treasure to the Master of Artillarie his lodging where you shall safely entrench and watch the same with good and stronge watches and none to come néere the same but his Officers and the watch who hath the same in charge Commaundement to bee giuen to the troupes of horsemen at your first arriuall at the Campe or Leagar AT your arriuall at any Campe or Leagar you are to giue commaundement to euery horseman that no man shall dismount from his horse backe vntill such time as euery footeman be quietly lodged and that at such times good and sure Scoutes bee sette foorth towardes the enemies so farrre as you can learne for vppon those Scoutes at such times dependeth the wealth and euerthrow of your Armie for when footemen be busie in making theyr Lodging and Cabines then they be out of array and strength and if then they shoulde be supprised of the enemies it were enough to cast away the whole Armie But a good Scoute will repayre euer to the highest places of grounde where they may see on euery side of the Leagar and especially towardes the enemies so may they bee sure to discouer on euery side both on high groundes and valies and if they list to discouer farther let parte of the same companie remayne still on the high grounde where they bee which shall not stirre vntill they make theyr returne backe againe So shall your Leagar or Campe be sure to haue aduertisement though the former Scoutes were ouerthrowne and taken wherfore be sure to haue alwaies good and sufficient Scoutes for your better securitie Scoute watch on foote YOU are also to place your Scoute watch on foote rounde about the Leagar or Campe sixe score with out the Ring of the same by fiue men in a companie beeing so néere together as one may sée another in a light night in a dark night the one to sende to the other euery halfe quarter of an houre to know what brunts or noyse they heare And if the Scouts on horse were so vsed fiue in a companie and to send the one to the other as I haue sayde before I am in that opinion it would be of more force then the body of a watch standing stil me thinkes this were great safty to the Leagar Likewise euery fift man to haue the watch worde and no more Those which watch shall vse great silence without great occasion giuen by the enemies comming then
to make allarum with the vsuall worde arme arme then euery man shal make haste the one helping the other and bée in a readinesse with his weapons for their best defence tyll they be retyred to the stande watch of the Leagar wherby they may fight and be reskued of all the Souldiors of the Leagar or Campe wherefore they shall haue great regarde that they make no allarums but vpon iust occasiion Euery fift man shall haue the watch word for that night so watching for at that time they are as Scoute Masters also the chéefe Scoute Masters are appointed to sette the watch and at certayne times to bring them reliefe and to search and examine the same both on horsebacke and foote also the stande watch shoulde haue great care in hurting the Scoutes when as at any time they make their retyre Speciall care to be fore-seene both in watching and warding ALso the Lorde Liuetennant the high Marshall with the rest of the Counsell must appoint a sufficient number of men both on horsebacke and foote to watch and warde the Leagar or Campe in the which appointment they ought to vse great discretion to fore-sée that there be no want of men for the furnishing thereof Also that no man be ouertoyled or wearyed either in watching or warding for according to the number of your strength so you are to deuide your companies that no man shall watch but euery fourth night which will be very well both for the Souldiours for the strength of your Armie for by the ouerwatching of your men may be a great heauinesse and dulnes vnto them and a great weakning vnto your whole Armie And for the appointment of the bodie of the watch at the Artillarie you must in any wise appoint that very stronge as your number will serue for the safe kéeping of your Artillarie and the wealth of your Leagar Also it appertayneth to the prouost Marshall at such times to set the stand watch and Scoutes both on horsebacke and on foote but the watching of the place of Artillarie belongeth vnto the Officers thereof which are appointed by the high Marshall and the Master of the Ordenance as I haue before sette downe How the Sargeant Maior Captaine and simple Sargeant are to gouerne themselues when theyr battaile shall chaunce to be assaulted on foote and on horsebacke IN sundry and diuers manners and moreouer in diuers places of groundes battailes are fought according to the occasions and accidents that in Millitarie occurrents doe chaunce at vnawares in time of warfare abroade in the plaines in Townes and in Fortresses for which causes it is necessary that the witte of those which haue the managing thereof be prompt and ready as well in this as moreouer in finding out a good partie for himselfe all for the honour and safety of the Prince whom he serues ioyning to his couragious heart witte experience policie and each aduantage that is possible to bee vsed against his enemie therefore in two fortes doe arise the meanes to fight one is when he dooth séeke to fight with his enemy and the other when he is sought of the enemy in such sort that it is needefull to defende himselfe And therefore I say when the first occasion doth ryse and that he séekes the enemie speaking héere of striking battaile in the playnes it is requisite first he consider how the enemies Armie is furnished with horsemen and footemen and if he looke to fight with horsemen that are to come to breake his battaile in this case he is to be aduertised that hee suffer himselfe not to be founde if it be possible in the open fieldes or in the playnes but rather must accomodate his battaile in some place of a hill or a mountaine or vppon some seate of ground which hath vppon one side either Riuer or ditch or some other impediment against the enemies horsemen which on some side may be a defence as in some places bee Trées Vines and diuers other such like as nature brings foorth in diuers places which are of great impediment vnto the enemies horsemen and vnto foote battailes are very profitable and although the number of Souldiours are very small yet oftentimes by much aduantage remaine victorious But aduertisment is to be had that in such cases it is requisite that there be accomodated many Hargabuziers in the battaile and many Pikes for they be good against the enemies horsemen Hauing to fight with footemen the open fieldes is the best with a square battayle and many Pikes placing Hargabuziers according to his discretion Since I haue spoken of the first manner of fight I will speake of the second which is when the enemie deoth assault at vnawares it is necessary then couragiously not to loose any point of courage to place his people in square battaile for that it is the most ready and most sure way that is making himselfe good slanckes wth the Hargabuziers of the band afterwardes expecting the assault cause his battaile to shutte and close it selfe well causing them to couch and abase 4. or 5. or somtimes 6. ranckes of Pikes in that case round about all the sides of the battaile and the others to stand vpright vntill time of néede and the Hargabuziers are to holde their Péeces vpon their thighes with their matches in their cocks a morce in their pan and all vigilant in a readinesse And the Captaine before the battaile valiantly giuing courage to his Souldiours to performe the duety of a leader aduertising that when the assault is giuen by horsemen that the Pikemen couching and abasing themselues doe holde the great ende of their pikes fastned harde in stronge earth to the ende the Pike may haue the greater force THE SECOND PART With a Kalender contayning the square of any number from one hundred to ten 1000. seruing for the ordering of iust squares bastard squares and broade Squares and most sufficient for the imbattailing of any number * With certaine rules of marching by degrees the which of a suddaine you may with ease bring them into a Square battell or a broad Square of what number soeuer By Gyles Clayton seruitour late Lieuetenant to the Right honorable the Lord North Lorde Lieuetenant Generall of Cambridgeshyre AT LONDON ⧠Printed Anno. Domini M. D. XCI To the Right honorable and his very good Lorde the Lord of Hunsdon Lord Chamberlaine of her Maiesties houshold and Gouernour of her Towne of Barwicke G. C. wisheth increase of all honourable vertues RIght honourable and my very good Lord hauing receiued so many bountifull rewards with an infinite number of good words for other of his writings the which it hath pleased your good Lordship so fauourably to accept is not thereby onely encouraged nowe once againe to betake himselfe to his penne but also he is emboldened to present to your L. view this his small labour which containeth the approoued order of Martiall Discipline And as it is the common opinion of all worthy men right honourable
waters and false groundes with such other lyke The fore Front A perfect rule to bring your men into a square battaile of what number soeuer they be so that their Ensigne may be in the middest thereof as by example with a small company so you haue but foure hundred Pikes in the fielde the 4. square roote whereof is 20. then putting 20. men into a ranck there will be 20. ranckes 20. men to a rancke the which 20. ranckes beeing orderly placed the one behinde the other wil make a iust square battaile if so placed as by thys Figure more plainely is shewed vnto you The order of a square battaile impayled with winges and troupes of shotte as in the fielde is vsed in these dayes ⧠Certaine Rules of Armes very needefull and necessary to be foreseene both of Generall and Captaines * ALthough it be not néedefull yet I will put you in minde of the great incombraunces which may happen in the fight of a battell wherefore be sure that your Horsemen in charging the Enemie be as much distante from the maine battell as may be or els it may be an occasion in retyring from the Enemie to breake the rancks of your men and so disorder the whole maine battell for sometimes it is pollicie to make a retreite as occasion shall serue Also you are to lodge your Horsemen in time of Leaguor or Campe within the palle or quarters of your footemen because they are not so soone Armed and mounted ready to defende as the footemen Also you ought to know how that the Townes and Fortresses be strengthened eyther by nature or by industry by nature those are strong which are compassed round about with Riuers or with Fennes by industry those which stand vppon hyls or Rocks those likewise may be strong which stande on the plaines eyther by Castell Turrets turnings or crookednes thereof with many other such like which may endanger the Enemy on euery side both on front and flanck Also when you are minded to besiedge any strong Towne or Holde you shall first suffer them to sowe theyr séede and fieldes and so stay a time till it be gréene aboue the ground to the intent they should lacke the same graine which they haue sowne and that you may the better hope to reape the same for your commoditie Also you are to exercise practise your Souldiours in actiuitie and déedes of Armes when as you are not in any great danger of the Enemie for the perfectnes thereof and in time of seruice for renowne and honour Also if any Generall Colonels or Captaines béeing in Leaguor or Campe and hath any want of victuals let hym then fayne himselfe to make a composition or agréement with his Enemies and during some proces of time in this practise you may be eyther prouided of theyr victuals or others at the least And when you haue by thys policie and meanes gotten away theyr victuals graine then you may with ease kéepe them short and famish them Also if you be minded to win any Cittie or strong Hold then you shall first foresée which way is best to ouercome all the small Townes rounde about the same and so ouercomming them with violence shall driue them into the Cittie or strong Holde for succour at their fréendes and Countrimens hands the which multitude of people béeing driuen into the Cittie you may with more ease famish and ouercome them Also if you be minded to make an assault first chéefelie you ought to haue a care in giuing the first onsette wherein you shall be valiant and couragious and very hotely to assault them on euery side the which hath oftentimes gotten many victories Also he that will be counted a man at Armes and seruice must be valiant and couragious most vigilant to obserue the deuises of the Enemie and in taking some paines to exercise his Companie such Seruitors shall incur least perils and may hope most of victory Also there is no purpose better then that which is hid from the Enemie vntill such time as you haue executed the same Also to know in the warres how to vnderstande occasions and in the taking thereof helpeth more at such times then any other thing Also nature bréedeth many lustie strong men but practise and exercise maketh many Also you are to vnderstand that where discipline is vsed with lenitie and curtesie more preuaileth then furie rashnes without discretion or wisedom Also you shall vnderstande that the valiantnesse of your Souldiours more preuaileth then the multitude and sometime the situation helpeth more then the valiantnes Also you may vnderstand that new and suddain things maketh many Armies amazed and feared and accustomed things daily vsed are little regarded Wherefore make your Armie to practise and to know with small fights a new Enemie before you enter the fight with him Also he that with disorder foloweth the Enemie after that he is broken he wil doo no other but become of a Conquerour in the fielde the looser thereof Also hee that prepareth not sufficient and necessary victuals to liue vpon both for himselfe and for his Company may soone be ouercomewith stroke of weapons Also hee that trusteth more in Horsemen then in Footemen or more in Footemen then in Horsemen Must first accommodate himselfe with the ground and situation Also when you perceiue in the day that there be any cōming to espy your Leaguor then cause euery man to goe into hys Tent or Cabbin and change your purpose if you perceiue he hath fooreseene your Leaguor or Campe. Also you may consult with many thinges which you ought to doo but the same thing which you doo conferre with fewe Also you shall vse such meanes that the Enemies may not by any meanes know how you will order your battels in fight and in what manner soeuer you order them make that the first may be receiued of the second and so of the third Also if you will make a sette battaile neuer change to any other purpose but to the same for which you haue appointed it for if you doo it will breede discention and discord Also you shall accustome your Souldiours to despise and hate delicate lodging great fare and cut apparrell for that it is dangerous vnto them in time of seruice Also I will put you in mind of a saying which hath béene vsed in times past and most néedfull to be obserued in these daies Whereas they said that men yron money and bread was the strength of the warres they sayde true but of those foure the first two be best and most necessary because men and yron finde money and bread and not money and breade to finde men and yron For men with yron may prouide both for bread money and all such like necessaries as to the wars belongeth And lastly I would wish you not to be slow in the exercising of your Souldiours in actiuitie when time and place serueth for that is your greatest strength in seruice for if your
shewed the forme of a battell on foote without Horsemen imployed wyth Shotte readie the fight 11. In the eleuenth figure is plainly shewed the order and forme of a Square battell readie the fight in Fielde impayled both with Carbines Light-horse and Launces as in these dayes we vse ⧠The order of Imbattayling Although these thinges being first sette down as marching by degrees and casting of a Ring extendeth not to olde Captaines and Seruitors of experience yet it is not hurtefull to such as be younge Seruitors which would be glad to learne experience and knowledge in these Martiall exercises which is a most honourable lyfe so vsed FIrst you shall vnderstand that if two or three Captaines hauing vnder theyr leading two or thrée hundred men to each Captaine bee sent into the enemies Countrey to doe some notable exployte or to conduct any Conuoy through the same then they shall march thrée or fiue in a rancke as is most cōmonly vsed when they be few in nūber for the spéedines of their way passing through streights for in such waies a man may not march aboue 385. at the moste for few men being not strengthned with horse cannot long endure in the enemies Countrie But say it happeneth that their enemies come suddainly vppon them so that they rannot set their men in order of battaile as they woulde then it shall be good for those Captaines to cast their men in a Ring as they marched before fiue or thrée in a rancke with the greatest part of their shotte in the midst of their Pikes your Holbards or Billes next the Ensigne being placed in the middest of all and those shotte which bee in the Rereward of your company if occasion serueth shal be deliuered to certaine of your Corporalles which shal lead them in winges to skirmish with the enemie but of all thinges haue a care to take all aduantages that may be both of wind ground and Sunne and be sure that your Corporals be men of knowledge and able to discharge their dueties and charge committed vnto them If they be not so skilfull as you would The plat for Incamping The Battell called a Crosse verie excellent both for night and day A two-fold Battell of 2000 men These Charecters are to be vsed in the place of the other where this letter H was placed for B as heere you may see These Characters S Signifie Shot  ♂ or this P Signifie Pikes  ✚ or this B Signifie Halberds  E Signifie Ensignes  Signifie Launces  Δ Signifie Light horsemen  * Signifie Argoletteares wish them to be then sende out with them one or two Sargeants if you canne spare them from the battaile for they ought to be skilfull Souldiours and to knowe howe to bring theyr companies to the face of their enemies and howe to charge and retyre with the best aduantage And if your place of meeting be large it were good to appoint many of your Corporals with seuerall companies of shotte to méete your enemies in the face and when they haue deliuered theyr powder and shotte they shall make their retreite to the battaile and then certaine other shotte which are within the battaile shall issue foorth and reskue them and to supply their place of seruice tyll such tymes as they haue furnished themselues and beeing thus furnished and refreshed are ready to make a new supply if needed shall require Thus may they continue a long time and maintaine your battaile But if you meet your enemies vpon the plaines then must you appoint certaine of your Pikes with Halbards or bils to defende your shotte from the charge of horsemen thus dooing you shall be able to defend your selues in all places and to encounter with the enemies though they assaulte you on euery side were more in number by thrée partes These premises considered so performed as before mencioned may redownd to the great credit magnanimity of such Captaynes as performeth such an exployt and also honour and renowme to their Souldiours which were so resolute in their seruice for a Souldiour or Seruitor had rather choose to dye with honor in the fielde then to be any way or meanes dishonoured in seruice This Gentlemen is my opinion and the good opinion of diuers olde Souldiours and Seruitors if you bee assaulted on a suddaine which sometimes happeneth This is the King which I haue declared vnto you which King is very necessary to be vsed as I haue declared be fore so that you cast and deuide your men with their seuerall weapons as aforesayde and shal be more plainely seene in the next Figure following A Corporall with shot o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o A Corporall with shot o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o For the straites Corporall o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o In this order for the playnes o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o A perfect rule to bringe your men into a square battaile on a suddaine with theyr Pikes in the Front the which at times were very good if by chaunce you méete with your enemies in any broade way thus march your men by degrées fiue in a rancke euery Captaine by himselfe with their pikes on the front of theyr array so euery Captaine marching with theyr seuerall companies may on a suddaine bring their men into a square battaile with their pikes on the Front of the sayde battaile the which is very good if by broade wayes or woods they happen to meete with their enemies for the defence of their horsemen and for your better vnderstanding thereof I haue héere in Fygure more playnely sette it down to shewe you the meaning thereof Thus is the foresaid marching by degrees fiue in a ranck brought into a Square battell with theyr Dykes on the front so also you may order your Companies and bring them into thys proportion of what number so euer they be if neede requireth Heere you shall further vnderstande howe many men may march in a ranck and on a suddaine to bring them into a iust Square battaile of what number soeuer they be so that your Ensignes may be in the midst thereof IF you happen to espy your enemies and are driuen to make a square battell with spéede then deuide the roote of your Company of what number soeuer they be into thrée equall parts and the thyrd part of your men ought to march by the way as by thys figure more plainly appeareth Say there be but 2. hundred fortie fiue men to march through the Enemies Countrey the roote of those two hundred fortie fiue must be taken which is fifteene which number may bée equally deuided into three parts béeing fiue in fronte