be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o this_o discourse_n be_v little_a or_o nothing_o pertinent_a to_o private_a combat_n or_o quarrel_n yet_o for_o that_o it_o concern_v a_o matter_n very_o pleasant_a to_o we_o &_o glorious_a for_o those_o that_o have_v be_v victorious_a i_o will_v brief_o set_v down_o what_o be_v due_a by_o ancient_a order_n of_o arm_n unto_o such_o gentleman_n as_o in_o public_a combat_n be_v victorious_a 1_o whosoever_o be_v vanquish_v within_o the_o list_n be_v the_o prisoner_n of_o he_o that_o do_v vanquish_v to_o he_o also_o be_v due_a all_o arm_n both_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a garment_n and_o horse_n with_o all_o furniture_n bring_v thither_o either_o for_o ornament_n or_o use_n 2_o the_o person_n of_o he_o that_o be_v vanquish_v be_v by_o honourable_a custom_n give_v unto_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o place_n or_o else_o unto_o some_o other_o prince_n who_o he_o serve_v or_o love_v but_o this_o be_v do_v by_o use_n and_o not_o of_o duty_n 3_o the_o vanquish_a also_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o vanquisher_n 4_o the_o vanquish_a might_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v ransom_n no_o less_o than_o if_o he_o have_v be_v a_o prisoner_n of_o the_o war_n but_o if_o the_o prisoner_n or_o vanquish_v do_v serve_v the_o vanquisher_n the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n in_o service_n meet_v for_o a_o gentleman_n than_o ought_v he_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n free_o without_o payment_n and_o if_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o be_v employ_v in_o any_o base_a act_n or_o service_n unworthy_a his_o degree_n than_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o escape_v &_o break_v prison_n or_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o during_o the_o imprisonment_n any_o land_n or_o other_o wealth_n come_v unto_o the_o prisoner_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o lawful_a for_o the_o victorious_a to_o increase_v the_o ransom_n 5_o if_o the_o victorious_a do_v die_v within_o the_o time_n that_o the_o victor_v be_v a_o prisoner_n than_o shall_v his_o heir_n have_v the_o same_o title_n and_o interest_n 6_o if_o a_o prisoner_n be_v suffer_v to_o go_v at_o liberty_n upon_o his_o faith_n give_v he_o ought_v in_o any_o wise_a return_n whensoever_o he_o be_v call_v unless_o the_o victorious_a do_v become_v a_o traitor_n to_o their_o common_a prince_n or_o be_v excommunicate_a or_o that_o between_o they_o be_v some_o new_a enmity_n for_o in_o those_o cause_n it_o be_v lawful_a not_o to_o return_v 7_o if_o be_v in_o this_o sort_n at_o liberty_n he_o happen_v to_o become_v a_o prince_n or_o lord_n then_o shall_v he_o not_o be_v bind_v to_o return_v but_o pay_v ransom_n only_o 8_o if_o during_o the_o time_n of_o imprisonment_n he_o be_v not_o well_o use_v he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o return_v yet_o ought_v he_o pay_v a_o convenient_a ransom_n 9_o if_o the_o prisoner_n do_v happen_v to_o save_v his_o taker_n from_o any_o great_a peril_n during_o the_o imprisonment_n he_o ought_v by_o the_o law_n to_o be_v forthwith_o set_v at_o liberty_n the_o three_o book_n what_o sort_n of_o man_n ought_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o trial_n of_o arm_n cap._n 1._o forsomuch_o as_o the_o trial_n of_o arm_n appertain_v only_o to_o gentleman_n and_o that_o gentility_n be_v a_o degree_n honourable_a it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o any_o person_n of_o mean_a condition_n shall_v thereunto_o be_v admit_v wherefore_o as_o the_o judge_n of_o civil_a trial_n do_v ordinary_o reject_v the_o testimony_n of_o such_o as_o be_v account_v infamous_a even_o so_o in_o martial_a trial_n a_o person_n honourable_a ought_v not_o by_o man_n of_o base_a quality_n be_v accuse_v for_o how_o can_v he_o charge_v another_o with_o any_o crime_n that_o have_v himself_o commit_v a_o offence_n against_o his_o own_o reputation_n 1_o it_o have_v be_v therefore_o ordain_v and_o determine_v that_o no_o man_n have_v commit_v treason_n against_o his_o prince_n or_o country_n shall_v be_v admit_v 2_o he_o also_o may_v be_v repulse_v that_o have_v have_v intelligence_n or_o conference_n with_o the_o enemy_n of_o his_o prince_n or_o country_n or_o that_o be_v take_v of_o they_o do_v there_o remain_v have_v mean_n to_o return_v unto_o his_o prince_n service_n 3_o he_o that_o become_v a_o spy_n or_o explorator_fw-la for_o the_o enemy_n or_o that_o take_v a_o oath_n against_o his_o prince_n or_o that_o take_v a_o prince_n pay_n and_o depart_v before_o he_o have_v serve_v the_o full_a time_n 4_o he_o that_o abandon_v the_o army_n of_o his_o prince_n and_o flee_v unto_o the_o enemy_n or_o be_v discharge_v do_v go_v unto_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o skirmish_n or_o fight_v shall_v be_v repute_v as_o infamous_a and_o also_o a_o traitor_n 5_o he_o that_o abandon_v the_o ensign_n of_o his_o prince_n or_o capteine_n or_o that_o either_o by_o day_n or_o night_n shall_v malicious_o depart_v from_o the_o place_n of_o his_o charge_n about_o his_o prince_n person_n or_o in_o the_o campe._n 6_o among_o these_o we_o will_v account_v all_o thief_n beggar_n bawd_n victualler_n person_n excommunicate_a usurer_n person_n banish_v the_o army_n and_o every_o other_o man_n exercise_v a_o occupation_n or_o trade_n unfit_a and_o unworthy_a a_o gentleman_n or_o soldier_n 7_o final_o whosoever_o be_v defame_v of_o any_o notable_a crime_n or_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n not_o admit_v to_o bear_v witness_n may_v be_v number_v among_o they_o that_o lawful_o be_v repulse_v these_o man_n i_o say_v challenge_v any_o gentleman_n or_o soldier_n ought_v not_o only_o be_v refuse_v but_o of_o every_o honest_a person_n to_o be_v abhor_v because_o in_o fight_v with_o man_n of_o such_o condition_n a_o man_n of_o good_a reputation_n do_v equal_v himself_o unto_o person_n utter_o unworthy_a yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o whosoever_o repulse_v a_o person_n for_o cause_n of_o infamy_n must_v assure_o know_v that_o he_o have_v be_v for_o such_o crime_n condemn_v or_o at_o the_o least_o the_o same_o be_v a_o thing_n so_o notorious_a as_o the_o party_n repulse_v can_v deny_v it_o but_o if_o any_o such_o infamous_a man_n be_v challenge_v by_o a_o gentleman_n or_o soldier_n he_o may_v not_o after_o be_v refuse_v unless_o that_o after_o challenge_n he_o commit_v some_o infamous_a fact_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v aswell_o in_o the_o challenger_n as_o the_o defender_n whether_o a_o bastard_n may_v challenge_v a_o gentleman_n to_o combat_n cap._n 2._o for_o that_o by_o law_n no_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v the_o land_n and_o honour_n of_o his_o suppose_a father_n it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o doubt_v whether_o he_o be_v of_o such_o condition_n as_o may_v challenge_v a_o gentleman_n to_o trial_n of_o arm_n notwithstanding_o for_o that_o such_o impediment_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o bastard_n himself_o and_o that_o no_o man_n ought_v justly_o be_v repulse_v save_v such_o as_o be_v condemn_v or_o infamed_a for_o their_o own_o viletie_n i_o think_v that_o bastardy_n ought_v not_o to_o disable_v a_o man_n to_o be_v admit_v unto_o combat_n and_o s._n hierome_n say_v that_o the_o fault_n in_o birth_n of_o such_o man_n be_v not_o their_o own_o fault_n but_o they_o that_o do_v beget_v they_o also_o chrisostome_n write_v thus_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v ashamed_a of_o the_o vice_n of_o our_o parent_n but_o endeavour_n ourselves_o unto_o virtue_n whereupon_o we_o conclude_v that_o every_o bastard_n have_v well_o and_o virtuous_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n or_o that_o for_o his_o good_a merit_n have_v aspire_v to_o bear_v charge_n of_o reputation_n in_o the_o army_n ought_v be_v receive_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o private_a gentleman_n or_o soldier_n because_o man_n so_o bear_v have_v not_o only_o be_v oftentimes_o advance_v to_o honour_n but_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n also_o have_v attein_v and_o continue_v in_o high_a dignity_n and_o great_a estimation_n true_a it_o be_v that_o man_n so_o bear_v can_v maintain_v themselves_o to_o be_v gentleman_n by_o birth_n and_o therefore_o direct_o must_v not_o claim_v such_o title_n or_o enter_v the_o trial_n of_o arm_n and_o therefore_o in_o that_o respect_n may_v be_v repulse_v not_o as_o infamous_a but_o as_o ignoble_a which_o defect_n either_o by_o valorous_a endeavour_n in_o arm_n or_o virtuous_a study_n in_o learning_n may_v be_v supply_v also_o all_o such_o bastard_n as_o have_v long_o serve_v loyallie_o in_o their_o prince_n court_n &_o that_o by_o privilege_n of_o their_o prince_n be_v make_v legitimate_a or_o have_v live_v orderly_o among_o other_o gentleman_n in_o place_n of_o reputation_n may_v not_o be_v repulse_v of_o restitution_n of_o honor._n cap._n 3._o albeit_o every_o sovereign_a prince_n have_v power_n to_o pardon_v disloyalty_n treason_n and_o every_o other_o offence_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n crown_n or_o dignity_n &_o can_v also_o restore_v unto_o the_o party_n pardon_v his_o land_n and_o
his_o office_n with_o any_o other_o favour_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o undo_v that_o be_v do_v nor_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o to_o be_v well_o do_v which_o be_v already_o evil_o do_v nor_o that_o a_o mind_n infect_v with_o infamy_n shall_v be_v clean_o and_o void_a of_o dishonour_n &_o consequent_o notwithstanding_o restitution_n the_o prince_n have_v still_o just_a cause_n to_o be_v suspicious_a of_o such_o a_o man_n fidelity_n as_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v draw_v to_o dishonest_a action_n and_o every_o other_o gentleman_n shall_v hold_v he_o in_o evil_a conceit_n moreover_o touch_v the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o prince_n in_o this_o case_n it_o seem_v that_o as_o they_o can_v bereave_v the_o good_a man_n of_o their_o goodness_n so_o can_v they_o not_o take_v from_o the_o evil_a their_o evil_a thought_n see_v their_o jurisdiction_n extend_v unto_o the_o wealth_n and_o person_n of_o subject_n but_o over_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n they_o have_v no_o power_n my_o prince_n can_v make_v i_o at_o his_o pleasure_n rich_a or_o poor_a but_o to_o make_v i_o good_a or_o bad_a be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n for_o that_o appertain_v only_o to_o god_n grace_n and_o i_o own_o endeavour_n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v infer_v that_o if_o a_o man_n restore_v after_o the_o commit_n of_o any_o notorious_a evil_a fact_n shall_v challenge_v another_o gentleman_n to_o trial_n of_o arm_n he_o may_v be_v reasonable_o repulse_v yet_o be_o i_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o restitution_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o child_n and_o posterity_n of_o the_o person_n infamed_a and_o condemn_v as_o they_o that_o ought_v not_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n due_a to_o the_o offence_n of_o another_o chief_o in_o respect_n of_o baptism_n whereby_o all_o the_o sin_n of_o forefather_n be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o disequalitie_n of_o gentleman_n cap._n 4._o before_o we_o enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o this_o matter_n i_o think_v good_a to_o advertise_v that_o as_o there_o be_v diverse_a sort_n of_o man_n that_o may_v not_o challenge_v other_o so_o be_v there_o some_o that_o ought_v not_o be_v challenge_v of_o any_o the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v clerk_n or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n profess_v religion_n the_o other_o sort_n be_v doctor_n with_o all_o student_n and_o such_o man_n as_o be_v only_o give_v to_o literature_n and_o knowledge_n but_o to_o return_v unto_o disequalitie_n of_o noble_a person_n i_o say_v that_o the_o true_a nobility_n of_o man_n be_v virtue_n and_o that_o he_o be_v true_o noble_a that_o be_v virtuous_a be_v he_o bear_v of_o high_a or_o of_o low_a parent_n and_o the_o more_o high_o he_o be_v bear_v the_o worse_a reputation_n he_o merit_v if_o he_o can_v continue_v the_o honour_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o ancestor_n chrisostome_n say_v what_o honour_n be_v it_o to_o be_v well_o bear_v be_v defile_v with_o vile_a condition_n or_o what_o hurt_v base_a parentage_n to_o he_o that_o be_v with_o gentle_a manner_n adorn_v who_o so_o vaunt_v of_o his_o ancestor_n seem_v without_o any_o good_a thing_n of_o his_o own_o seneca_n say_v that_o who_o so_o will_v true_o judge_v what_o worthiness_n be_v in_o man_n must_v consider_v of_o he_o naked_a lay_v aside_o his_o live_n and_o title_n of_o honour_n with_o all_o other_o favour_n of_o fortune_n he_o must_v also_o imagine_v he_o without_o body_n and_o then_o weigh_v of_o what_o value_n or_o excellency_n he_o be_v in_o mind_n because_o nobility_n be_v place_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o in_o the_o mind_n it_o appear_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o disequalitie_n i_o say_v that_o albeit_o emperor_n king_n prince_n great_a lord_n and_o mean_v also_o be_v comprise_v within_o the_o name_n of_o gentleman_n and_o soldier_n yet_o be_v there_o among_o they_o such_o inequality_n as_o no_o gentleman_n of_o what_o title_n soever_o may_v be_v compare_v unto_o a_o king_n nor_o any_o soldier_n unto_o a_o emperor_n whereof_o we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o more_o at_o large_a touch_v the_o disequalitie_n of_o private_a nobility_n thus_o be_v it_o to_o be_v discourse_v all_o gentleman_n be_v either_o without_o office_n either_o else_o they_o have_v office_n or_o dignity_n as_o the_o government_n of_o town_n country_n ambassage_n or_o commandment_n in_o war_n who_o ever_o of_o they_o have_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n either_o it_o be_v give_v he_o for_o time_n or_o life_n if_o he_o be_v a_o officer_n for_o time_n and_o be_v occasion_v to_o answer_v in_o arm_n he_o may_v defer_v the_o combat_n till_o the_o expiration_n of_o his_o time_n in_o office_n if_o the_o office_n be_v for_o life_n &_o the_o quality_n thereof_o such_o as_o make_v he_o superior_a to_o the_o adversary_n he_o may_v fight_v by_o champion_n if_o such_o a_o officer_n be_v not_o superior_a to_o the_o enemy_n he_o ought_v ask_v leave_n of_o his_o prince_n and_o not_o obtain_v it_o shall_v without_o licence_n go_v unto_o the_o place_n of_o combat_n and_o with_o arm_n answer_v the_o enemy_n for_o the_o obligation_n of_o honour_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o whosoever_o be_v bear_v noble_a under_o which_o word_n be_v comprise_v all_o sort_n of_o nobility_n and_o gentility_n be_v equal_a to_o any_o other_o gentleman_n of_o private_a condition_n note_v here_o that_o in_o say_v a_o gentleman_n bear_v we_o mean_v he_o must_v be_v descend_v from_o three_o degree_n of_o gentry_n both_o on_o the_o mother_n and_o father_n side_n such_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o paris_n a_o gentleman_n descend_v of_o the_o most_o noble_a house_n not_o have_v jurisdiction_n or_o commandment_n may_v be_v challenge_v of_o any_o private_a or_o particular_a gentleman_n also_o in_o respect_n that_o the_o profession_n of_o arm_n be_v honourable_a a_o soldier_n that_o have_v long_o serve_v without_o reproach_n ought_v be_v account_v a_o gentleman_n also_o a_o scholar_n have_v continue_v the_o study_n of_o good_a learning_n &_o be_v aspire_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o school_n can_v be_v deny_v the_o title_n of_o gentry_n a_o simple_a soldier_n of_o honest_a fame_n may_v fight_v with_o any_o other_o soldier_n corporal_n sergeant_n or_o other_o officer_n the_o capteine_v except_v and_o he_o also_o may_v be_v challenge_v to_o answer_v by_o champion_n every_o capteine_n may_v challenge_v another_o capteine_n unless_o their_o charge_n be_v such_o as_o the_o one_o can_v command_v the_o other_o and_o this_o rule_n must_v serve_v through_o all_o degree_n of_o soldier_n both_o on_o horseback_n and_o foot_n yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o man_n at_o arm_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a sort_n of_o soldier_n and_o in_o continual_a pay_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n gentleman_n may_v not_o be_v refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o private_a capteine_n of_o footman_n it_o may_v be_v also_o that_o a_o capteine_a of_o footman_n shall_v fight_v with_o a_o capteine_a of_o horseman_n be_v it_o not_o that_o those_o charge_n be_v give_v to_o noble_a man_n &_o the_o charge_n of_o man_n at_o arm_n to_o the_o most_o noble_a yet_o be_v consideration_n to_o be_v have_v aswell_o of_o their_o birth_n as_o their_o charge_n for_o the_o capteine_a in_o mean_a place_n may_v be_v so_o honourable_o bear_v as_o he_o ought_v not_o be_v repulse_v which_o respect_n be_v also_o to_o be_v have_v among_o captain_n both_o on_o horseback_n and_o foot_n and_o likewise_o among_o all_o horseman_n and_o soldier_n on_o foot_n in_o particular_a of_o injury_n do_v with_o advantage_n cap._n 5._o heretofore_o have_v be_v say_v that_o no_o injury_n offer_v with_o advantage_n aught_o to_o burden_n he_o in_o reputation_n unto_o who_o the_o same_o be_v offer_v and_o that_o such_o injury_n may_v in_o like_a sort_n be_v revenge_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o natural_a and_o reasonable_a need_v no_o further_a proof_n notwithstanding_o to_o the_o intent_n each_o man_n may_v be_v full_o inform_v what_o advantage_n be_v we_o think_v fit_a somewhat_o to_o say_v thereof_o advantage_n in_o general_n be_v when_o one_o man_n do_v injury_n unto_o another_o so_o and_o in_o such_o time_n and_o place_n as_o the_o injure_a can_v be_v revenge_v but_o to_o speak_v thereof_o in_o particular_a thus_o may_v it_o be_v say_v for_o example_n if_o one_o man_n be_v arm_v do_v assault_v another_o disarm_v or_o that_o he_o be_v better_o arm_v that_o we_o call_v advantage_n if_o a_o man_n in_o office_n or_o place_n of_o dignity_n have_v about_o he_o friend_n or_o servant_n do_v offer_v injury_n to_o another_o of_o mean_a estate_n that_o be_v likewise_o advantage_n if_o two_o or_o more_o man_n do_v hurt_n or_o strike_v another_o so_o as_o the_o man_n hurt_n be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v present_a revenge_n that_o be_v also_o injury_n with_o advantage_n by_o these_o few_o example_n may_v all_o other_o advantageous_a injury_n be_v conceive_v but_o therewith_o be_v to_o
understand_v of_o ambassador_n who_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n they_o hold_v may_v during_o their_o commission_n repulse_n the_o challenge_n of_o any_o gentleman_n or_o other_o subject_n whatsoever_o a_o soldier_n base_o bear_v have_v live_v in_o continual_a exercise_n of_o arm_n by_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n without_o commit_v any_o disobedience_n or_o other_o reproachful_a act_n ought_v be_v admit_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o gentleman_n bear_v a_o gentleman_n who_o either_o by_o his_o own_o fault_n or_o his_o ancestor_n have_v commit_v any_o treason_n against_o his_o prince_n may_v be_v repulse_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o other_o gentleman_n unless_o the_o say_a offender_n or_o his_o ancestor_n be_v restore_v in_o blood_n or_o be_v in_o descent_n three_o degree_n from_o the_o ancestor_n that_o be_v attaint_v a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v know_v a_o spy_n for_o the_o enemy_n or_o bewray_v the_o secret_n of_o his_o own_o prince_n camp_n abandon_v his_o ensign_n or_o commit_v any_o other_o military_a offence_n may_v be_v repulse_v to_o fight_v with_o every_o other_o gentleman_n of_o good_a fame_n &_o reputation_n and_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n man_n blot_v with_o such_o note_n may_v not_o live_v in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n where_o the_o emperor_n or_o other_o prince_n remain_v a_o gentleman_n that_o have_v make_v profession_n of_o arm_n by_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n in_o the_o court_n or_o camp_n of_o his_o prince_n without_o infamy_n or_o reproach_n may_v notwithstanding_o he_o be_v dismiss_v retire_a or_o cass_v fight_v with_o any_o other_o gentleman_n that_o live_v in_o present_a pay_n and_o exercise_v of_o arm_n a_o gentleman_n have_v aspire_v unto_o any_o title_n or_o dignity_n and_o be_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o age_n or_o infirmity_n retire_v to_o his_o own_o house_n ought_v nevertheless_o to_o enjoy_v all_o his_o honour_n and_o shall_v be_v ever_o without_o commit_v dishonourable_a fact_n repute_v worthy_a the_o honour_n he_o receive_v in_o court_n or_o camp_n and_o fight_v with_o any_o other_o gentleman_n whatsoever_o a_o artificer_n follow_v the_o camp_n and_o exercise_v his_o art_n or_o mystery_n notwithstanding_o he_o be_v also_o in_o pay_n may_v be_v repulse_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o privare_fw-la soldier_n that_o make_v particular_a profession_n and_o exercise_n of_o arm_n no_o man_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o gentleman_n ought_v be_v receive_v or_o allow_v for_o a_o man_n at_o arm_n on_o horseback_n for_o by_o the_o imperial_a law_n the_o regiment_n of_o lance_n be_v call_v equestris_n ordo_fw-la and_o they_o who_o we_o call_v light_a horseman_n be_v name_v celeri_fw-la certain_a question_n opinion_n and_o judgement_n upon_o accident_n happen_v in_o trial_n and_o exercise_n of_o arm_n cap._n 5._o 1_o if_o two_o man_n at_o arm_n do_v covenant_n to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n and_o run_v ten_o course_n with_o sharp_a lance_n and_o that_o he_o who_o worst_o perform_v those_o course_n shall_v be_v judge_v victor_v &_o prisoner_n to_o the_o other_o it_o happen_v that_o at_o the_o second_o course_n the_o one_o of_o they_o fall_v from_o his_o horse_n and_o sudden_o recover_v to_o horseback_n offer_v to_o perform_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o course_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o so_o to_o do_v or_o by_o the_o fall_n be_v repute_v a_o prisoner_n whereunto_o be_v answer_v that_o in_o a_o challenge_n for_o life_n and_o death_n no_o man_n ought_v be_v account_v vanquish_v unless_o he_o be_v slay_v or_o force_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n to_o yield_v or_o deny_v those_o word_n whereupon_o the_o quarrel_n grow_v yet_o otherwise_o it_o be_v when_o the_o challenge_n or_o combat_n be_v for_o honour_n only_o love_v of_o lady_n or_o exercise_v of_o arm_n because_o in_o that_o case_n notwithstanding_o the_o runner_n be_v determine_v upon_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o course_n yet_o if_o at_o the_o first_o or_o after_o before_o those_o course_n be_v all_o perform_v any_o of_o they_o do_v fall_n he_o that_o receive_v the_o fall_n shall_v lose_v the_o honour_n and_o the_o other_o depart_v with_o victory_n 2_o two_o gentleman_n be_v come_v into_o the_o field_n to_o fight_v for_o life_n the_o one_o in_o fight_v happen_v to_o fall_v the_o other_o present_o sit_v upon_o he_o and_o say_v yield_v thyself_o he_o that_o lie_v under_o say_v like_o word_n and_o therewith_o wound_v his_o enemy_n lie_v upon_o he_o who_o feel_v the_o grief_n mortal_a strike_v the_o other_o in_o the_o throat_n he_o that_o be_v first_o fall_v arise_v and_o walk_v short_o after_o they_o both_o die_v the_o question_n be_v which_o of_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v judge_v victorious_a albeit_o no_o dead_a man_n can_v require_v judgement_n of_o victory_n yet_o to_o the_o end_n the_o honour_n due_a unto_o the_o victorious_a may_v be_v in_o sign_n of_o his_o valorous_a merit_n bestow_v and_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o vanquish_v lay_v under_o his_o ensign_n thus_o it_o be_v say_v he_o who_o first_o have_v the_o body_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o his_o power_n and_o under_o ought_v be_v repute_v victorious_a yet_o may_v it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o other_o who_o give_v the_o first_o mortal_a wound_n ought_v have_v the_o victory_n because_o the_o time_n thereof_o &_o not_o the_o time_n of_o death_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o long_a liver_n ought_v to_o have_v victory_n and_o some_o affirm_v that_o if_o the_o challenger_n give_v the_o first_o wound_n whereof_o death_n ensue_v although_o himself_o do_v first_o die_v yet_o have_v he_o perform_v his_o part_n and_o deserve_v most_o praise_n some_o also_o do_v think_v there_o be_v no_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o the_o matter_n shall_v lie_v dead_a howsoever_o it_o be_v i_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o more_o learned_a doctor_n and_o better_a experience_a knight_n 3_o two_o gentleman_n be_v on_o horseback_n the_o one_o challenge_v the_o other_o the_o fight_n be_v begin_v the_o challenger_n alight_v &_o kill_v his_o enemy_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o he_o may_v so_o lawful_o do_v thereunto_o be_v answer_v that_o if_o the_o challenge_n be_v for_o trial_n of_o honour_n triumph_n or_o sport_n on_o horseback_n then_o be_v no_o honour_n due_a to_o he_o that_o thus_o kill_v his_o enemy_n for_o that_o neither_o of_o the_o fighter_n ought_v to_o be_v on_o foot_n but_o in_o a_o combat_n for_o life_n it_o be_v otherwise_o sith_o than_o it_o be_v lawful_a aswell_o for_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o to_o take_v and_o use_v all_o mean_n advantage_n and_o subtlety_n that_o can_v be_v invent_v 4_o two_o gentleman_n capitulate_v to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n &_o that_o he_o who_o first_o fall_v shall_v be_v vanquish_v at_o the_o first_o encounter_n they_o fall_v both_o at_o one_o instant_a question_n be_v which_o of_o they_o ought_v be_v victorious_a to_o this_o case_n may_v be_v answer_v that_o forsomuch_o as_o the_o challenger_n be_v not_o only_o to_o defend_v himself_o but_o also_o offend_v &_o win_v victory_n now_o fall_v even_o with_o the_o defender_n he_o thereby_o ought_v be_v account_v victor_v for_o in_o all_o doubtful_a cause_n the_o defender_n be_v most_o to_o be_v favour_v other_o be_v of_o mind_n that_o see_v the_o fall_n of_o the_o challenger_n may_v proceed_v of_o his_o own_o force_n &_o not_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o judgement_n ought_v lie_v dead_a but_o the_o true_a decision_n of_o this_o question_n be_v thus_o if_o the_o combat_n be_v for_o trial_n of_o virtue_n love_n or_o prize_n then_o ought_v the_o challenger_n to_o lose_v the_o honour_n but_o if_o the_o same_o be_v for_o life_n then_o ought_v the_o fight_n to_o be_v perform_v in_o one_o other_o day_n by_o consent_n of_o both_o party_n because_o in_o combat_n of_o that_o kind_n no_o victory_n be_v gain_v until_o one_o of_o the_o fighter_n be_v either_o slay_v or_o yield_v or_o have_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n deny_v the_o word_n whereupon_o the_o combat_n be_v occasion_v 5_o two_o gentleman_n determine_v to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n for_o life_n the_o one_o overthrow_v the_o other_o be_v down_o the_o enemy_n come_v upon_o he_o he_o that_o be_v under_o say_v i_o yield_v and_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n with_o his_o dagger_n strike_v and_o kill_v he_o that_o be_v above_o the_o question_n be_v which_o of_o they_o ought_v be_v pronounce_v victorious_a thereunto_o be_v say_v that_o forsomuch_o as_o the_o word_n and_o deed_n of_o he_o that_o live_v be_v say_v and_o do_v at_o one_o instant_a be_v of_o contrary_a effect_n the_o judgement_n ought_v have_v relation_n unto_o the_o deed_n for_o oft_o time_n word_n be_v utter_v diverse_a from_o the_o intent_n of_o that_o be_v do_v but_o if_o so_o be_v a_o man_n do_v say_v i_o yield_v and_o he_o
be_v a_o red_a cross_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o sword_n this_o order_n be_v erect_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o king_n don_n ramiro_n win_v the_o victory_n against_o the_o moor_n in_o the_o province_n of_o compostella_n at_o which_o time_n great_a possession_n and_o privilege_n be_v give_v to_o s._n james_n of_o compostella_n anno._n 1030._o this_o order_n have_v one_o chief_a governor_n who_o be_v call_v great_a master_n he_o with_o thirteen_o other_o knight_n have_v authority_n to_o choose_v or_o remove_v any_o knight_n at_o their_o discretion_n upon_o the_o feast_n day_n of_o all_o saint_n these_o knight_n do_v use_v to_o meet_v and_o consult_v upon_o matter_n appertein_v to_o their_o estate_n the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o these_o knight_n be_v marvellous_a amount_v to_o many_o hundred_o thousand_o ducat_n many_o pope_n have_v give_v their_o allowance_n to_o this_o order_n yet_o either_o they_o can_v not_o or_o will_v not_o reserve_v a_o great_a tribute_n thereof_o than_o ten_o malachini_fw-la yearly_a knight_n of_o calatrava_n cap._n 14._o by_o imitation_n of_o the_o order_n aforesaid_a be_v this_o knighthood_n of_o calatrava_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1130._o the_o inventor_n thereof_o be_v don_n santio_n king_n of_o toledo_n they_o be_v call_v knight_n of_o calatrava_n of_o the_o province_n and_o place_n where_o they_o be_v make_v and_o settle_v which_o be_v where_o ancientlie_o the_o chief_a church_n of_o templar_n have_v be_v who_o not_o be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o resist_v the_o saracen_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v the_o place_n unto_o these_o knight_n the_o habit_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v a_o black_a garment_n and_o upon_o it_o in_o the_o breast_n be_v set_v a_o red_a crosse._n these_o knight_n have_v also_o exceed_o great_a possession_n and_o many_o commandry_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o spain_n knight_n of_o alcantara_n cap._n 15._o these_o knight_n live_v in_o effect_n under_o the_o ordinance_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o former_a do_v wear_v a_o green_a crosse._n near_o unto_o the_o city_n of_o alcantara_n in_o castiglia_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o tago_n they_o have_v a_o church_n of_o great_a beauty_n endow_v with_o rich_a possession_n knight_n of_o montesio_n cap._n 16._o in_o valentia_n be_v the_o cavallieri_n di_fw-it montesio_n a_o place_n also_o seat_v in_o that_o province_n these_o knight_n do_v wear_v a_o red_a cross_n and_o their_o order_n begin_v about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o knighthood_n of_o calatrava_n take_v beginning_n knight_n of_o redemption_n cap._n 17._o these_o knight_n be_v erect_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n by_o king_n james_n who_o conquer_v the_o island_n maiorica_n and_o minorica_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1212._o their_o garment_n be_v white_a and_o thereon_o a_o black_a crosse._n the_o office_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v to_o redeem_v prisoner_n whereupon_o they_o be_v call_v cavalieri_fw-la della_fw-it redentione_fw-la the_o chief_a governor_n of_o they_o remain_v at_o bercellona_n knight_n of_o s._n john_n in_o jerusalem_n of_o some_o call_v knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o now_o knight_n of_o malta_n cap._n 18._o it_o be_v write_v with_o what_o warrant_v i_o know_v not_o that_o at_o the_o city_n of_o amiens_n in_o picardy_n a_o province_n of_o france_n there_o be_v bear_v a_o certain_a gentleman_n who_o in_o his_o childhood_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o in_o learning_n and_o be_v grow_v to_o man_n estate_n dispose_v himself_o to_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n and_o therein_o long_a time_n continue_v afterward_o have_v attein_v ripe_a year_n he_o despise_v the_o world_n and_o frame_v himself_o to_o a_o solitary_a life_n as_o one_o full_o resolve_v to_o live_v in_o contemplation_n unseen_a of_o any_o but_o god_n alone_o have_v sometime_o remain_v in_o that_o solitary_a sort_n a_o sudden_a desire_n he_o have_v to_o visit_v the_o sepulchre_n where_o christ_n be_v bury_v which_o short_o after_o he_o do_v and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v with_o security_n pass_v the_o barbarous_a nation_n he_o apparel_v himself_o like_o unto_o a_o physician_n by_o which_o mean_v without_o impediment_n he_o perform_v his_o journey_n thus_o have_v pass_v the_o difficulty_n of_o travel_n in_o diverse_a strange_a country_n he_o arrive_v at_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v there_o fall_v into_o acquaintance_n with_o simon_n patriarch_n of_o that_o city_n and_o in_o lament_v wise_a inform_v he_o of_o the_o oppression_n and_o cruelty_n offer_v and_o daily_a use_v by_o the_o infidel_n towards_o the_o poor_a christian_n whereunto_o simon_n answer_v that_o albeit_o the_o christian_n in_o those_o country_n endure_v great_a outrage_n yet_o they_o of_o jerusalem_n suffer_v much_o great_a and_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o more_o if_o god_n do_v not_o defend_v they_o by_o this_o conference_n the_o patriarch_n conceive_v peter_n the_o hermit_n for_o so_o he_o be_v call_v to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o good_a understanding_n and_o apt_a to_o execute_v any_o action_n of_o importance_n that_o shall_v be_v commit_v unto_o he_o whereupon_o the_o patriarch_n determine_v to_o make_v he_o a_o messenger_n unto_o the_o pope_n unto_o who_o by_o letter_n he_o impart_v the_o great_a calamity_n and_o afflict_a estate_n of_o the_o poor_a christian_n inhabit_v the_o holy_a land_n peter_n have_v receive_v his_o instruction_n and_o letter_n of_o credence_n return_v into_o the_o west_n first_o unto_o the_o pope_n and_o after_o solicit_v other_o prince_n in_o such_o sort_n and_o with_o so_o good_a success_n as_o by_o his_o persuasion_n many_o great_a king_n and_o potentate_n consent_v to_o take_v in_o hand_n the_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n from_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o infidel_n and_o some_o of_o they_o furnish_v that_o enterprise_n with_o man_n some_o with_o money_n and_o some_o do_v go_v in_o person_n among_o which_o number_n as_o the_o chief_a be_v robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n son_n to_o king_n william_n of_o england_n godfrey_n duke_n of_o lorayn_n with_o two_o of_o his_o brethren_n call_v eustace_n and_o baldwin_n hugh_n surname_v the_o great_a brother_n to_o the_o french_a king_n with_o diverse_a other_o prince_n duke_n earl_n and_o baron_n also_o thither_o go_v beomondo_n duke_n of_o calabria_n who_o for_o zeal_n to_o that_o service_n or_o desire_v of_o honour_n resign_v his_o dukedom_n unto_o ruggiero_n his_o brother_n take_v with_o he_o so_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o will_v voluntary_o follow_v he_o of_o who_o with_o such_o other_o captain_n and_o soldier_n of_o italy_n as_o come_v unto_o he_o he_o assemble_v more_o than_o twenty_o thousand_o all_o choice_n man_n &_o young_a fit_n for_o the_o war_n all_o thing_n in_o this_o sort_n prepare_v for_o the_o journey_n vrban_n the_o second_o than_o pope_n send_v unto_o these_o captain_n a_o white_a cross_n with_o commandment_n that_o all_o the_o soldier_n shall_v wear_v the_o like_a call_v that_o enterprise_n la_fw-fr cruciata_fw-la it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o christian_n at_o such_o time_n as_o this_o war_n be_v proclaim_v in_o chiaramont_n a_o city_n of_o auernia_fw-la endeavour_v themselves_o universallie_o to_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o join_v in_o general_a prayer_n for_o their_o good_a success_n give_v they_o meat_n apparel_n and_o furniture_n unasked_a or_o require_v moreover_o those_o that_o be_v indebt_v be_v forgive_v and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v banish_v be_v pardon_v the_o woman_n also_o contrary_a to_o their_o custom_n willing_o and_o with_o much_o joy_n consent_v their_o husband_n and_o son_n shall_v pass_v in_o this_o enterprise_n and_o for_o their_o furniture_n give_v they_o their_o jewel_n cheine_n and_o money_n the_o french_a king_n likewise_o send_v they_o great_a treasure_n and_o give_v privilege_n to_o the_o soldier_n land_n and_o wife_n in_o their_o husband_n absence_n and_o many_o great_a prince_n and_o other_o lord_n sell_v and_o impawn_v their_o patrimony_n to_o further_o this_o action_n so_o as_o the_o army_n assemble_v for_o this_o holy_a enterprise_n amount_v unto_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o footman_n and_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n who_o present_o march_v towards_o constantinople_n where_o they_o pass_v the_o straight_o call_v bosphoro_n tracio_n and_o land_v at_o calcedonia_n for_o the_o first_o enterprise_n they_o besiege_v nicaea_n in_o bithynia_n which_o within_o fifty_o day_n be_v yield_v and_o the_o four_o of_o july_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o certain_a mounteine_v near_o unto_o that_o city_n the_o christian_n fight_v a_o battle_n with_o a_o turkish_a army_n which_o in_o number_n exceed_v we_o and_o thereat_o be_v present_a soliman_n the_o emperor_n of_o turkey_n and_o persia_n but_o the_o christian_n have_v victory_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o thousand_o man_n but_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v forty_o thousand_o this_o victory_n gain_v the_o christian_n follow_v their_o enterprise_n within_o short_a time_n win_v a_o hundred_o city_n and_o town_n of_o account_n &_o among_o