the_o second_o than_o pope_n send_v unto_o the_o captain_n a_o white_a cross_n with_o commandment_n that_o all_o the_o soldier_n shall_v wear_v the_o like_a call_v that_o enterprise_n la_fw-fr cruciata_fw-la it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o christian_n as_o such_o time_n as_o this_o war_n be_v proclaim_v in_o cleirmont_n a_o city_n of_o auergna_n endeavour_v themselves_o universal_o to_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o join_v in_o general_a prayer_n for_o their_o good_a success_n give_v they_o meat_n apparel_n and_o furniture_n unasked_a or_o require_v moreover_o those_o that_o be_v indebt_v be_v forgive_v and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v banish_v be_v pardon_v the_o woman_n also_o contrary_a to_o their_o custom_n willing_o and_o with_o much_o joy_n consent_v their_o husband_n and_o son_n shall_v pass_v in_o this_o enterprise_n and_o for_o their_o furniture_n give_v they_o their_o jewel_n chain_n and_o money_n the_o french_a king_n likewise_o send_v they_o great_a treasure_n and_o give_v privilege_n to_o the_o soldier_n land_n and_o wife_n in_o their_o husband_n absence_n and_o many_o great_a prince_n and_o other_o lord_n sell_v and_o impawn_v their_o patrimony_n to_o further_o this_o action_n so_o as_o the_o army_n assemble_v for_o this_o holy_a enterprise_n amount_v unto_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o footman_n and_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n who_o present_o march_v towards_o constantinople_n where_o they_o pass_v the_o straight_o call_v bosphoro_n thracio_n &_o land_v at_o calcedonia_n for_o the_o first_o enterprise_n they_o besiege_v nicaea_n in_o bythinia_n which_o within_o fifty_o day_n be_v yield_v and_o the_o fouth_z of_o july_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o certain_a mountain_n near_o unto_o that_o city_n the_o christian_n fight_v a_o battle_n with_o a_o turkish_a army_n which_o in_o number_n exceed_v we_o and_o thereat_o be_v present_a solyman_n the_o emperor_n of_o turkey_n but_o the_o christian_n have_v victory_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o thousand_o man_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v forty_o thousand_o this_o victory_n gain_v the_o christian_n follow_v their_o enterprise_n within_o short_a time_n win_v a_o hundred_o city_n and_o town_n of_o account_n and_o among_o they_o the_o great_a antiochia_n before_o which_o they_o begin_v the_o siege_n the_o twenty_o of_o october_n and_o take_v it_o the_o last_o of_o may_n follow_v where_o they_o find_v corbona_n king_n of_o persia_n and_o cassiano_n lord_n of_o antioch_n near_o unto_o that_o place_n in_o one_o other_o conflict_n be_v slay_v more_o than_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o turk_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o four_o thousand_o of_o we_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o victory_n be_v in_o that_o time_n of_o superstition_n impute_v to_o the_o virtue_n of_o a_o bloody_a lance_n find_v in_o antiochia_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o spear_n wherewith_o christ_n be_v wound_v on_o the_o crosse._n it_o be_v also_o say_v that_o the_o turk_n do_v see_v or_o imagine_v another_o great_a army_n come_v against_o they_o from_o the_o mountain_n conduct_v by_o three_o captain_n mount_v upon_o three_o white_a horse_n the_o behold_v whereof_o occasion_v their_o flight_n this_o victory_n be_v have_v a_o navy_n arrive_v from_o genoa_n and_o from_o venice_n also_o with_o they_o come_v certain_a ship_n conduct_v by_o one_o vymer_n of_o bullein_n in_o picardy_n a_o notable_a pirate_n who_o repent_v his_o former_a like_a determine_v to_o follow_v that_o honourable_a action_n the_o christian_a force_n thus_o increase_v they_o march_v towards_o jerusalem_n and_o besiege_v it_o &_o notwithstanding_o the_o city_n be_v of_o great_a force_n yet_o by_o god_n help_n and_o the_o valorous_a adventure_n of_o the_o christian_n it_o be_v assault_v and_o in_o the_o end_n yield_v anno_fw-la 1099._o this_o city_n thus_o conquer_v the_o say_v peter_n as_o the_o chief_a procurer_n of_o the_o enterprise_n be_v high_o honour_v and_o godfrey_n duke_n of_o lorayn_n elect_a king_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o original_a of_o these_o knight_n i_o say_v that_o somewhat_o before_o the_o christian_n conquer_v the_o city_n of_o jerusalem_n they_o have_v obtain_v of_o the_o saracen_n leave_v to_o dwell_v near_o unto_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o christ_n and_o there_o build_v a_o house_n calling_z it_o the_o hospital_n of_o christian_n whither_o all_o other_o christian_n daily_o resort_v after_o that_o the_o number_n of_o christian_n increase_v they_o build_v another_o house_n for_o woman_n call_v it_o s._n mary_n magadelens_n and_o at_o length_n they_o make_v a_o three_o house_n calling_z it_z s._n john_n baptist_n where_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o good_a order_n they_o appoint_v a_o officer_n who_o they_o call_v rector_n some_o time_n after_o be_v elect_v to_o that_o fellowship_n a_o governor_n call_v gerardus_n who_o command_v that_o he_o with_o all_o other_o of_o that_o house_n shall_v wear_v a_o white_a cross_n upon_o a_o black_a garment_n which_o be_v the_o original_n of_o the_o order_n and_o ever_o since_o have_v be_v use_v afterward_o one_o other_o rector_n or_o great_a master_n be_v elect_v who_o name_n be_v raimondus_n to_o who_o authority_n be_v give_v that_o he_o shall_v govern_v and_o command_v all_o knight_n of_o this_o order_n where_o soever_o they_o be_v disperse_v many_o year_n after_o these_o knight_n conquer_v the_o isle_n of_o rhodes_n hold_v by_o the_o turk_n anno_fw-la 1308._o which_o be_v the_o cause_n they_o be_v common_o call_v knight_n and_o diverse_a prince_n see_v they_o martial_o incline_v give_v unto_o they_o great_a land_n and_o possession_n and_o they_o become_v great_o esteem_v for_o their_o service_n chief_o against_o the_o say_a turk_n and_o the_o sultan_n king_n of_o egypt_n and_o jerusalem_n the_o say_a isle_n of_o rhodes_n during_o those_o knight_n inhabit_v there_o be_v four_o time_n assault_v yet_o by_o god_n help_n and_o the_o valiancy_n of_o the_o knight_n it_o be_v defend_v then_o mahomet_n otoman_n emperor_n of_o turkey_n anno_fw-la 1480._o with_o a_o excessive_a force_n of_o man_n and_o a_o hundred_o sail_n of_o galley_n conduct_v by_o a_o bassa_n bear_v in_o greece_n descend_v of_o the_o race_n of_o paleologi_fw-la sometime_n emperor_n of_o constantinople_n do_v besiege_v it_o but_o after_o 89_o day_n of_o continual_a battery_n they_o be_v force_v to_o abandon_v the_o enterprise_n and_o for_o their_o farewell_n in_o the_o last_o assault_n the_o knight_n slay_v more_o than_o forty_o thousand_o turk_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1523._o in_o the_o month_n of_o januarie_n the_o turk_n again_o invade_v the_o island_n and_o after_o three_o month_n siege_n prevail_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o christendom_n never_o vouchsafe_v they_o either_o aid_n or_o relief_n since_o the_o loss_n of_o rhodes_n these_o knight_n have_v remain_v in_o the_o island_n of_o malta_n and_o often_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o enemy_n of_o christendom_n but_o chief_o in_o the_o year_n 1565._o the_o first_o erector_n of_o stature_n and_o rule_n for_o the_o government_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v the_o say_v raymondus_n call_v himself_o raimondo_n di_fw-fr poggio_n seruo_fw-la dipoveri_fw-la di_fw-it christo_fw-la e_fw-la custode_fw-la dello_n spidalle_fw-la di_fw-it san_n giovanni_n battista_n di_fw-fr jerusalem_n no_o man_n may_v be_v receive_v into_o this_o knighthood_n until_o he_o have_v prove_v his_o gentility_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a master_n and_o other_o knight_n nor_o no_o man_n descend_v of_o a_o moor_n a_o jew_n or_o mahometan_a may_v be_v admit_v although_o he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o every_o knight_n of_o this_o order_n be_v swear_v to_o fight_v for_o the_o christian_a faith_n do_v justice_n defend_v the_o oppress_v relieve_v the_o poor_a persecute_v the_o mahometan_n use_v virtue_n and_o protect_v widow_n and_o orphan_n diverse_a other_o article_n there_o be_v but_o for_o that_o they_o be_v full_a of_o superstition_n i_o omit_v they_o chap._n 21._o knight_n of_o calatrava_n they_o be_v call_v knight_n of_o calatrava_n of_o the_o province_n and_o place_n where_o they_o be_v make_v and_o settle_v which_o be_v where_o ancient_o the_o chief_a church_n of_o templar_n have_v be_v who_o not_o be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o resist_v the_o saracen_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v the_o place_n unto_o these_o knight_n the_o habit_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v a_o black_a garment_n and_o upon_o it_o in_o the_o breast_n be_v set_v a_o red_a crosse._n these_o knight_n have_v also_o exceed_o great_a possession_n and_o many_o commandry_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o spain_n alphonsus_n rex_fw-la câ—stiliâ—_n institutâ—r_n ord._n rubri_fw-la baltâ—i_fw-la vulgo_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr banda_fw-mi dict_z fol._n 98._o chap._n 22._o knight_n of_o the_o band._n this_o order_n be_v first_o erect_v by_o alphonso_n king_n of_o spain_n son_n to_o ferdinando_n and_o queen_n constanza_n in_o the_o year_n 1268._o and_o to_o give_v the_o say_a knighthood_n reputation_n and_o honour_n
payment_n the_o emperor_n call_v both_o for_o the_o traitor_n and_o the_o payer_n cause_v the_o traitor_n to_o be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o door_n say_v that_o false_a workman_n must_v be_v pay_v with_o false_a coin_n chap._n 12._o ¶_o of_o disobedience_n touch_v contumacy_n or_o disobedience_n the_o law_n determine_v that_o whosoever_o resuse_v or_o omit_v to_o execute_v that_o which_o the_o general_n command_v or_o do_v what_o he_o forbid_v death_n aught_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o pass_v the_o pike_n yea_o though_o he_o have_v effect_v what_o he_o will_v which_o rule_n the_o roman_n observe_v precise_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o lucius_n papirius_n the_o dictator_n in_o flicted_a upon_o fabius_n rutilianus_n general_n of_o the_o horse_n although_o he_o be_v victorious_a and_o have_v slay_v twenty_o thousand_o samnite_n likewise_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o torquatus_n against_o his_o son_n have_v contrary_a to_o his_o commandment_n fight_v with_o the_o tusculan_n and_o gain_v victory_n be_v nevertheless_o behead_v therefore_o it_o remain_v as_o a_o rule_n that_o not_o only_a breach_n of_o commandment_n but_o also_o simple_a contumacy_n be_v a_o offence_n capital_a if_o the_o same_o be_v apparent_a yea_o sometime_o omission_n of_o due_a respect_n be_v criminal_a though_o not_o ever_o capital_a as_o if_o a_o man_n with_o order_n do_v enter_v into_o a_o place_n guard_v or_o pass_v out_o by_o any_o other_o way_n than_o that_o which_o the_o general_n have_v appoint_v another_o point_n of_o disobedience_n it_o be_v not_o to_o go_v unto_o the_o army_n be_v call_v or_o without_o licence_n to_o depart_v from_o thence_o for_o that_o be_v indeed_o a_o apparent_a contempt_n and_o by_o the_o roman_n punish_v with_o death_n omnis_fw-la contumacia_fw-la adversus_fw-la ducem_fw-la capite_fw-la punienda_fw-la est_fw-la posthumius_fw-la triburtius_fw-la command_v aulus_n posthumius_fw-la to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o vanquish_a the_o enemy_n without_o his_o commission_n and_o aulus_n fuluius_n for_o go_v to_o fight_v uncommand_v condemn_v his_o son_n to_o die_v yet_o the_o egyptian_n make_v a_o law_n that_o captain_n and_o soldier_n for_o disobedience_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o death_n but_o remain_v infamous_a until_o by_o some_o notable_a service_n their_o reputation_n be_v rccover_v arrius_n make_v a_o law_n that_o if_o a_o man_n do_v wound_v his_o fellow_n soldier_n though_o it_o be_v with_o a_o stone_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v cass_v it_o it_o be_v with_o a_o sword_n to_o loose_v his_o life_n the_o like_a be_v decree_v by_o kanutus_n king_n of_o denmark_n chap._n 13._o of_o cowardice_n it_o seem_v that_o all_o military_a offence_n may_v be_v comprise_v in_o three_o viz._n cowardice_n treason_n and_o disobedience_n yet_o will_v we_o speak_v more_o particular_o touch_v the_o first_o easy_o may_v it_o be_v conceive_v that_o cowardice_n be_v the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n of_o many_o other_o transgression_n for_o who_o so_o be_v irresolute_a or_o apt_a to_o entertain_v fear_n be_v also_o soon_o persuade_v to_o save_v himself_o with_o dishonour_n by_o cowardice_n soldier_n do_v forsake_v their_o rank_n and_o sometime_o abandon_v their_o ensign_n which_o fault_n the_o roman_n punish_v with_o death_n it_o be_v long_o since_o by_o a_o edict_n command_v in_o france_n that_o whosoever_o do_v forsake_v his_o colour_n or_o the_o rank_n wherein_o he_o be_v place_v shall_v receive_v punishment_n by_o pass_v the_o pike_n another_o kind_n of_o cowardice_n be_v to_o fain_a sickness_n or_o without_o leave_n to_o be_v absent_a from_o the_o army_n he_o be_v also_o culpable_a of_o that_o crime_n that_o leave_v his_o place_n of_o stand_v upon_o the_o wall_n during_o the_o assault_n or_o shall_v abandon_v the_o trench_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v if_o any_o such_o fault_n be_v commit_v at_o any_o other_o time_n then_o during_o the_o assault_n the_o same_o be_v not_o absolute_o capital_a but_o be_v arbitrable_a it_o have_v be_v also_o ancient_o use_v that_o if_o a_o soldier_n without_o lawful_a excuse_n do_v go_v from_o the_o watch_n or_o office_n of_o scout_n or_o any_o other_o service_n allot_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o sergeant_n that_o then_o he_o shall_v be_v judge_v to_o pass_v the_o pike_n or_o harquebuzy_n according_a to_o that_o kind_n of_o weapon_n wherewith_o he_o serve_v and_o if_o many_o soldier_n as_o a_o whole_a ensign_n or_o troop_n do_v commit_v that_o crime_n the_o roman_a use_n be_v to_o execute_v every_o ten_o man_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o end_n the_o pain_n may_v fall_v upon_o few_o and_o the_o terror_n to_o all_o and_o in_o such_o case_n of_o cowardice_n the_o general_n ought_v to_o be_v inexorable_a because_o severity_n do_v make_v a_o army_n invincible_a the_o experience_n whereof_o be_v see_v when_o spartacus_n defeat_v the_o roman_n conduct_v by_o crassus_n for_o present_o upon_o that_o dishonour_n crassus_n command_v a_o decimation_n and_o put_v to_o death_n a_o ten_o man_n in_o every_o legion_n for_o not_o have_v fight_v manful_o that_o be_v do_v he_o begin_v to_o fight_v anew_o and_o albeit_o the_o number_n of_o roman_n be_v diminish_v yet_o be_v they_o victorious_a and_o cut_v the_o enemy_n in_o piece_n but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o of_o flee_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o one_o proceed_v of_o a_o sudden_a and_o unlooked_a for_o terror_n which_o be_v least_o unblamable_a the_o other_o be_v voluntary_a and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o determinate_a intention_n to_o give_v place_n unto_o the_o enemy_n a_o fault_n exceed_v foul_a and_o not_o excusable_a chap._n 14._o of_o other_o military_a crime_n beside_o these_o crime_n former_o touch_v many_o other_o there_o be_v that_o merit_n severe_a punishment_n and_o chief_o to_o abandon_v the_o army_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o enemy_n for_o what_o injury_n can_v be_v great_a or_o what_o offence_n more_o foul_a in_o a_o soldier_n then_o be_v instruct_v train_v and_o well_o entertain_v to_o employ_v his_o virtue_n in_o service_n of_o a_o enemy_n this_o crime_n be_v therefore_o in_o ancient_a time_n grievous_o punish_v and_o the_o great_a the_o quality_n be_v of_o he_o that_o do_v offend_v the_o more_o be_v the_o punishment_n inflict_v yet_o do_v we_o not_o find_v any_o particular_a pain_n ascribe_v to_o this_o offence_n but_o leave_v to_o discretion_n of_o the_o general_n nevertheless_o in_o that_o case_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o imitate_v the_o ancient_a proceed_n of_o ancient_a chieftain_n the_o roman_n therefore_o for_o punishment_n of_o the_o brutij_fw-la who_o flee_v unto_o hannibal_n protest_v they_o to_o be_v from_o thenceforth_o neither_o soldier_n nor_o companion_n in_o arm_n but_o person_n ignominious_a and_o servant_n unto_o the_o army_n and_o when_o cyrus_n intercept_v a_o letter_n which_o one_o of_o his_o captain_n call_v orontes_n have_v write_v offer_v to_o serve_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n cyrus_n assemble_v the_o leader_n and_o in_o their_o presence_n condemn_v orontes_n to_o death_n fredericus_fw-la the_o second_o possess_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v by_o his_o son_n henry_n abandon_v and_o be_v with_o the_o enemy_n he_o pardon_v he_o yet_o with_o condition_n he_o shall_v confine_v himself_o to_o the_o bound_n of_o apulia_n until_o his_o father_n return_v from_o germany_n during_o which_o time_n henry_n practise_v some_o other_o innovation_n and_o therefore_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o in_o the_o end_n suffer_v death_n elfricus_n a_o chief_a leader_n under_o etheldred_n king_n of_o england_n pretend_v to_o do_v service_n flee_v unto_o the_o dane_n but_o the_o war_n be_v end_v he_o return_v unto_o his_o prince_n desire_v his_o life_n which_o with_o difficulty_n he_o obtain_v yet_o do_v the_o king_n command_v his_o eye_n shall_v be_v put_v out_o to_o these_o offender_n we_o may_v add_v all_o such_o as_o secret_o do_v relieve_v the_o enemy_n with_o counsel_n money_n meat_n or_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v whatsoever_o in_o which_o case_n the_o emperor_n constantius_n decree_v that_o if_o a_o soldier_n captain_n or_o leader_n do_v utter_v any_o word_n sign_n or_o voice_n to_o encourage_v the_o enemy_n that_o for_o so_o do_v he_o shall_v be_v tie_v in_o chain_n and_o as_o a_o beast_n be_v lead_v whersoever_o the_o army_n go_v of_o this_o kind_n we_o may_v account_v two_o other_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o the_o roman_n call_v emansores_fw-la &_o desertores_fw-la they_o name_v he_o desertor_n that_o go_v from_o the_o army_n and_o do_v not_o only_o secret_o depart_v but_o stay_v long_o with_o the_o enemy_n as_o one_o intend_v never_o to_o return_v but_o emansor_n be_v he_o that_o without_o licence_n go_v away_o and_o very_o short_o do_v come_v again_o and_o therefore_o his_o offence_n repute_v the_o less_o this_o error_n be_v most_o common_o find_v in_o young_a soldier_n who_o we_o call_v tyrones_n neither_o
deserve_v the_o title_n appertain_v to_o arm_n and_o bear_v about_o they_o the_o scar_n and_o token_n of_o true_a valour_n adrianus_n the_o emperor_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o man_n to_o be_v a_o tribune_n or_o take_v charge_n in_o the_o war_n who_o beard_n be_v not_o full_o grow_v or_o who_o wit_n or_o year_n be_v uncapable_a of_o that_o office_n neither_o will_v he_o suffer_v a_o captain_n to_o take_v any_o thing_n from_o his_o soldier_n among_o many_o other_o part_n of_o commendation_n require_v in_o a_o sovereign_a commander_n there_o be_v not_o any_o more_o to_o be_v honour_v then_o liberality_n and_o contrariwise_o avarice_n ought_v to_o be_v extreme_o abhort_v for_o hard_o it_o be_v to_o attend_v the_o affair_n of_o war_n and_o over_o much_o to_o affect_v money_n great_a reason_n therefore_o have_v nicomedes_n to_o think_v himself_o use_v with_o indignity_n by_o the_o bithynian_o when_o he_o have_v bear_v all_o the_o office_n of_o war_n and_o be_v wound_v in_o many_o place_n of_o his_o body_n be_v then_o repulse_v all_o which_o notwithstanding_o antisthenes_n be_v prefer_v and_o make_v general_n when_o he_o have_v never_o perform_v any_o action_n praise_v worthy_a or_o memorable_a nor_o have_v endeavour_v more_o than_o to_o make_v himself_o mighty_a in_o money_n yet_o be_v not_o that_o captain_n to_o be_v mislike_v that_o can_v with_o honour_n and_o good_a conscience_n purchase_v wealth_n for_o thereby_o he_o have_v mean_a and_o power_n to_o supply_v the_o want_n both_o of_o private_a soldier_n and_o public_a scarcity_n the_o office_n of_o a_o sovereign_a commander_n may_v be_v compare_v unto_o the_o skill_n of_o he_o that_o govern_v well_o a_o private_a house_n which_o be_v to_o command_v thing_n fit_a to_o make_v man_n obedient_a to_o reward_v the_o good_a and_o punish_v the_o evil_n in_o which_o office_n the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o commander_n shall_v not_o fail_v to_o find_v enemy_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v call_v a_o war_n here_o may_v we_o also_o remember_v that_o the_o mauritane_n be_v confederate_a with_o justinianus_n the_o emperor_n consent_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v their_o general_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v a_o friend_n unto_o the_o roman_n or_o have_v receive_v the_o ensign_n from_o a_o commander_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n which_o be_v these_o a_o staff_n of_o silver_n gild_v a_o cup_n of_o leather_n ornify_v with_o silver_n and_o a_o white_a vesture_n of_o small_a price_n the_o roman_n call_v these_o officer_n magistri_fw-la militum_fw-la or_o praefecti_fw-la when_o they_o be_v send_v to_o govern_v a_o army_n against_o the_o enemy_n or_o to_o give_v counsel_n in_o the_o war_n or_o have_v in_o charge_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o camp_n for_o so_o be_v it_o decree_v by_o honorius_n and_o theodosius_n sometime_o also_o their_o lieutenant_n be_v call_v praefecti_fw-la have_v in_o charge_n the_o defence_n of_o a_o particular_a province_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v in_o authority_n equal_a to_o he_o that_o lead_v the_o army_n call_v dux_n and_o before_o the_o proconsul_n to_o this_o dignity_n cabades_n be_v restore_v unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o persia_n prefer_v selanem_fw-la a_o man_n of_o great_a fame_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o war_n and_o therefore_o call_v he_o seosen_n which_o be_v the_o title_n of_o that_o magistrate_n who_o command_v all_o sort_n of_o soldier_n as_o the_o constable_n do_v in_o france_n and_o the_o high_a marshal_n in_o england_n the_o office_n of_o the_o tribune_n in_o rome_n be_v to_o hold_v the_o soldier_n in_o order_n to_o see_v they_o train_v to_o keep_v the_o key_n of_o gate_n to_o survey_v the_o watch_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o victual_n to_o correct_v false_a measure_n to_o punish_v offender_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o fault_n to_o behold_v often_o the_o order_n of_o the_o army_n to_o here_o the_o quarrel_n in_o question_n between_o soldier_n and_o to_o visit_v the_o sick_a for_o in_o deed_n the_o office_n of_o every_o commander_n consist_v in_o do_v justice_n and_o observation_n of_o discipline_n he_o be_v also_o to_o be_v spare_a in_o give_v licence_n unto_o soldier_n or_o to_o permit_v any_o horse_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o his_o country_n neither_o shall_v he_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o hunt_v hawk_v or_o such_o like_a exercise_n a_o matter_n special_o inhibit_v by_o the_o discipline_n of_o augustus_n a_o sovereign_a magistrate_n military_a ought_v also_o to_o remember_v that_o after_o his_o commission_n be_v expire_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o depart_v the_o place_n of_o his_o charge_n within_o the_o space_n of_o fifty_o day_n for_o so_o do_v without_o licence_n of_o his_o superior_a he_o incur_v a_o offence_n capital_a such_o be_v the_o instruction_n which_o zeno_n the_o emperor_n do_v give_v unto_o sebastianus_n notwithstanding_o his_o authority_n be_v cease_v and_o a_o successor_n come_v to_o receive_v charge_n of_o the_o army_n the_o second_o book_n of_o knighthood_n ¶_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n the_o prooeme_n of_o knighthood_n cap._n 1._o the_o original_n of_o knighthood_n give_v as_o a_o dignity_n and_o what_o prince_n have_v authority_n to_o make_v knight_n ca._n 2._o the_o manner_n of_o make_v knight_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 500_o near_o which_o time_n king_n arthur_n reign_v in_o england_n cap._n 3._o the_o order_n of_o disgrade_n knight_n in_o those_o day_n cap._n 4._o knight_n of_o the_o round_a table_n cap._n 5._o how_o action_n adventurous_a ought_v be_v admire_v not_o discredit_v cap._n 6._o the_o office_n and_o duty_n of_o every_o knight_n &_o gentleman_n cap._n 7._o of_o honourable_a ornament_n give_v unto_o knight_n cap._n 8._o knight_n of_o the_o garter_n cap._n 9_o knight_n banneret_n cap._n 10._o knight_n of_o the_o bath_n cap._n 11._o knight_n bachelor_n cap._n 12._o ceremony_n of_o degrade_n of_o knight_n in_o england_n cap._n 13._o knight_n of_o the_o toison_n cap._n 14._o knight_n of_o s._n michael_n cap._n 15._o knight_n of_o the_o annunciation_n cap._n 16._o knight_n of_o s_o t._n esprit_fw-fr cap._n 17._o knight_n templar_n cap._n 18._o knight_n of_o s._n jago_n cap._n 19_o knight_n of_o s._n john_n jerusalem_n call_v knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o now_o of_o malta_n cap._n 20._o knight_n of_o calatrava_n cap._n 21._o knight_n of_o the_o band._n cap._n 22._o knight_n of_o alcantara_n cap._n 23._o knight_n of_o montesio_n cap._n 24._o knight_n of_o redemption_n cap._n 25._o the_o original_n of_o the_o knight_n teutonici_fw-la cap._n 26._o knight_n of_o the_o sepulchre_n cap._n 27._o knight_n of_o s._n mary_n cap._n 28._o knight_n of_o s._n lazaro_n cap._n 29._o knight_n of_o s._n steffano_n cap._n 30._o the_o prooeme_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o action_n of_o arm_n chief_o on_o horseback_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v use_v of_o noble_a personage_n and_o gentleman_n of_o best_a quailitie_n who_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o flourish_a time_n by_o a_o general_a term_n call_v equites_fw-la and_o be_v present_o of_o the_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n name_v cavalieri_fw-la without_o respect_n of_o private_a dignity_n or_o other_o distinction_n we_o will_v for_o this_o time_n yet_o with_o respect_n and_o under_o correction_n adventure_n to_o english_a the_o word_n eques_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o profess_v honour_n virtue_n and_o arm_n or_o any_o of_o they_o particular_o discourse_v of_o what_o quality_n he_o ought_v be_v as_o follow_v first_o he_o must_v be_v of_o good_a constitution_n and_o convenient_a strength_n to_o endure_v travel_n in_o action_n appertain_v to_o soldier_n second_o he_o shall_v be_v well_o favour_v of_o face_n and_o comely_a for_o common_o god_n and_o nature_n give_v beauty_n to_o such_o person_n as_o be_v destine_v to_o command_v and_o from_o other_o bear_v to_o obey_v he_o have_v withhold_v that_o favour_n which_o move_v some_o writer_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o princely_a presence_n of_o priamus_n do_v show_v he_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o government_n and_o to_o command_v other_o man_n three_o he_o shall_v be_v of_o bold_a aspect_n rather_o incline_v to_o severity_n then_o softness_n which_o countenace_v the_o swisses_n and_o turk_n do_v much_o affect_v four_o he_o must_v be_v sober_a and_o discreet_a not_o incline_v to_o vain_a delight_n or_o effeminate_a pleasure_n five_o he_o ought_v be_v obedient_a for_o of_o obedience_n proceed_v that_o the_o mean_a be_v content_a to_o be_v command_v by_o the_o better_a and_o the_o ignorant_a by_o those_o that_o know_v this_o virtue_n be_v great_o embrace_v of_o the_o roman_n and_o occasion_v their_o often_o victory_n for_o the_o punishment_n of_o disobedience_n inflict_v by_o military_a magistrate_n the_o roman_n have_v leave_v two_o most_o notable_a example_n the_o one_o of_o manlius_n torquatus_n who_o cause_v his_o own_o son_n for_o that_o fault_n to_o be_v slay_v notwithstanding_o he_o have_v
fall_v to_o the_o ground_n after_o the_o combatant_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o list_n aswell_o from_o the_o challenger_n as_o the_o defender_n but_o all_o the_o rest_n appertain_v to_o the_o party_n victorious_a whether_o he_o be_v challenger_n or_o defender_n the_o bar_n post_n rail_n and_o every_o other_o part_n of_o the_o list_n be_v also_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o marshal_n certain_a combat_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n edmund_n of_o the_o race_n of_o west_n saxon_n fight_v in_o combat_n with_o canutus_n king_n of_o denmark_n for_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o which_o fight_n both_o the_o prince_n be_v weary_a by_o consent_n part_v the_o land_n betwixt_o they_o anno_fw-la 1016._o robert_n mountfort_n accuse_v henry_n of_o essex_n of_o treason_n affirm_v that_o he_o in_o a_o journey_n towards_o wales_n near_o unto_o colshill_n throw_v away_o the_o king_n standard_n say_v the_o king_n be_v dead_a and_o turn_v back_o those_o that_o go_v to_o the_o king_n succour_n henry_n deny_v the_o accusation_n so_o as_o the_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o combat_n the_o place_n appoint_v for_o fight_n be_v a_o little_a isle_n near_o unto_o reding_n in_o this_o combat_n henry_n be_v vaquish_v and_o fall_v down_o dead_a and_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o friend_n licence_n be_v obtain_v that_o his_o body_n may_v be_v bury_v by_o the_o monk_n of_o reding_n but_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o say_v henry_n recover_v and_o become_v a_o monk_n in_o that_o abbey_n anno_fw-la 1163._o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o henry_n duke_n of_o hereford_n accuse_v thomas_n mowbray_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n of_o certain_a word_n by_o he_o speak_v as_o they_o ride_v between_o london_n and_o brainford_n tend_v unto_o the_o king_n dishonour_n thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n deny_v to_o have_v speak_v any_o such_o word_n but_o henry_n affirm_v his_o accusation_n the_o king_n grant_v the_o combat_n to_o be_v perform_v at_o coventry_n the_o seven_o of_o september_n 1398._o anno_fw-la rich._n 2._o but_o the_o combat_n be_v not_o perform_v for_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o party_n be_v banish_v the_o realm_n a_o combat_n be_v fight_v at_o westminster_n in_o the_o king_n presence_n between_o john_n ansley_n knight_n and_o thomas_n catrington_n esquire_n who_o the_o say_a knight_n have_v accuse_v of_o treason_n for_o sell_v the_o castle_n of_o s._n saviour_n which_o the_o lord_n chandos_n have_v build_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o constantine_n in_o france_n in_o which_o combat_n the_o knight_n be_v victorious_a anno_fw-la 1374._o rich._n 2._o a_o combat_n be_v grant_v unto_o a_o esquire_n bear_v in_o navarre_n to_o fight_v with_o a_o english_a esquire_n call_v john_n welsh_a who_o the_o navarrois_n accuse_v of_o treason_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o navarrois_n his_o malice_n be_v that_o the_o say_v welsh_n have_v dishonour_v his_o wife_n as_o be_v vanquish_v he_o confess_v the_o king_n give_v sentence_n he_o shall_v be_v draw_v and_o hang_v anno_fw-la 1344._o rich._n 2._o a_o combat_n be_v fight_v between_o sir_n richard_n wooduile_n and_o one_o other_o knight_n bear_v in_o spain_n after_o the_o third_o blow_v give_v the_o king_n stay_v the_o fight_n anno_fw-la 1441._o henrici_fw-la 6._o a_o combat_n be_v grant_v unto_o john_n viscount_n bear_v in_o cypress_n and_o thomas_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr marsh_n bastard_n son_n unto_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o at_o westminster_n chap._n 18._o of_o triumph_n ancient_a and_o modern_a triumph_n have_v be_v common_o use_v at_o the_o inauguration_n and_o coronation_n of_o emperor_n king_n and_o prince_n at_o their_o marriage_n entry_n of_o city_n enteruiewe_n progress_n and_o funeral_n those_o pompous_a show_n be_v first_o invent_v and_o practise_v by_o the_o roman_n who_o deuer_v other_o prince_n have_v imitate_v though_o hard_o it_o be_v and_o happy_o impossible_a for_o any_o prince_n to_o equal_v they_o in_o magnificence_n yet_o read_v we_o may_v that_o xerxes_n darius_n and_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v prince_n of_o marvelous_a puissance_n and_o for_o triumph_n admirable_a howsoever_o those_o matter_n be_v handle_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o albeit_o our_o prince_n of_o europe_n in_o respect_n of_o christian_a religion_n do_v in_o some_o sort_n contemn_v excess_n of_o mundane_a glory_n yet_o have_v they_o ever_o live_v royal_o and_o at_o occasion_n triumph_v with_o princely_a honour_n and_o greatness_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o empire_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v but_o first_o we_o have_v think_v good_a to_o speak_v of_o roman_a triumph_n and_o brief_o to_o touch_v in_o what_o order_n they_o triumph_v for_o to_o report_v they_o at_o large_a be_v a_o labour_n almost_o infinite_a chap._n 19_o of_o triumph_n and_o their_o original_n varro_n say_v that_o prince_n and_o great_a captain_n be_v return_v to_o rome_n with_o victory_n be_v allow_v to_o pass_v with_o their_o army_n through_o the_o city_n unto_o the_o capital_a sing_v io._n triumph_n io._n triumph_n the_o first_o inventour_n of_o triumph_n be_v libre_fw-la pater_fw-la as_o pliny_n say_v yet_o certain_a it_o be_v and_o so_o by_o law_n provide_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o triumph_n unless_o he_o have_v vanquish_v full_a five_o thousand_o enemy_n cato_n and_o martius_n tribunes_z of_o the_o people_n by_o law_n also_o decree_v that_o who_o so_o untrue_o report_v the_o enterprise_n he_o have_v do_v shall_v incur_v punishment_n therefore_o enter_v into_o the_o city_n every_o triumpher_n do_v first_o come_v before_o the_o questor_n and_o deliver_v his_o action_n in_o writing_n and_o swear_v they_o be_v true_a it_o be_v likewise_o by_o law_n provide_v and_o by_o custom_n also_o observe_v that_o only_o for_o recovery_n of_o dominion_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o triumph_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o neither_o publius_n scipio_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o spain_n not_o marcus_n marcellus_n for_o take_v of_o syracuse_n be_v suffer_v to_o triumph_v the_o first_o that_o imitate_v libre_fw-la pater_fw-la in_o triumph_v be_v titus_n tatius_n when_o he_o triumph_v for_o victory_n of_o the_o sabini_n yet_o be_v that_o no_o full_a triumph_n but_o as_o they_o call_v it_o ouante_fw-la because_o his_o victory_n be_v not_o great_a and_o without_o blood_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o crown_n he_o wear_v be_v make_v of_o myrtel_n which_o ever_o after_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o all_o captain_n that_o triumph_v for_o victory_n of_o mean_a reputation_n in_o that_o age_n also_o it_o be_v unlawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o triumph_v unless_o he_o be_v a_o dictator_n a_o consul_n or_o a_o praetor_n therefore_o l._n lentulus_n be_v proconful_n although_o he_o have_v perform_v great_a service_n in_o spain_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o admit_v to_o enter_v rome_n but_o ouante_fw-la afterward_o scipio_n most_o instant_o require_v to_o triumph_v have_v deserve_v great_a glory_n but_o till_o that_o time_n no_o man_n without_o office_n have_v triumph_v likewise_o c._n manlius_n by_o the_o base_a people_n elect_v the_o first_o dictator_n by_o their_o commandment_n also_o without_o allowance_n of_o the_o patritij_fw-la do_v triumph_v and_o gneus_fw-la pompeius_n a_o gentleman_n roman_a before_o he_o be_v of_o age_n to_o be_v consul_n triumph_v twice_o another_o law_n or_o custom_n there_o be_v that_o no_o captain_n may_v triumph_v until_o he_o have_v borough_n back_o the_o army_n and_o therewith_o also_o deliver_v the_o country_n of_o his_o charge_n quiet_a into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o successor_n for_o lucius_n manlius_n the_o consul_n have_v effect_v great_a victory_n in_o spain_n be_v in_o the_o hall_n of_o bellona_n deny_v to_o triumph_v because_o the_o country_n where_o he_o command_v be_v not_o in_o peace_n as_o livy_n report_v chap._n 20._o the_o manner_n of_o triumph_v and_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o triumpher_n in_o rome_n the_o prince_n or_o captain_n that_o triumph_v be_v ever_o draw_v in_o a_o chariot_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o ark_n triumphal_a of_o titus_n and_o vespasian_n and_o likewise_o by_o that_o of_o l._n verus_n antoninus_n make_v of_o marble_n yet_o extant_a in_o rome_n this_o ark_n be_v draw_v by_o four_o white_a horse_n other_o use_v in_o their_o chariot_n white_a bull_n or_o elephant_n as_o pompey_n triumph_v of_o africa_n have_v in_o his_o chariot_n elephant_n only_o but_o caesar_n surpass_v all_o other_o in_o pomp_n be_v draw_v by_o forty_o elephant_n and_o in_o the_o day_n time_n conduct_v to_o the_o capitol_n with_o torch_n when_o he_o triumph_v over_o the_o galli_n some_o writer_n have_v say_v that_o the_o emperor_n aurelianus_n be_v draw_v with_o four_o heart_n or_o stag_n and_o be_v come_v to_o the_o capitol_n he_o cause_v they_o all_o to_o be_v slay_v and_o sacrifice_v to_o jupiter_n optimus_fw-la maximus_fw-la
be_v they_o to_o be_v all_o punish_v alike_o but_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o examine_v the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o law_n will_v that_o who_o so_o be_v find_v a_o desertor_n in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v whether_o he_o be_v horseman_n or_o soldier_n on_o foot_n but_o if_o a_o horseman_n do_v prove_v a_o desertor_n in_o peace_n he_o thereby_o forfeit_v his_o degree_n or_o if_o he_o be_v a_o footman_n he_o lose_v his_o pay_n if_o such_o a_o offender_n be_v find_v in_o the_o city_n he_o incur_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o head_n but_o be_v elsewhere_o find_v and_o that_o the_o first_o fault_n he_o may_v be_v restore_v but_o offend_v the_o second_o time_n shall_v loose_v his_o life_n he_o that_o to_o this_o fault_n shall_v add_v any_o other_o ought_v be_v the_o more_o sharp_o punish_v and_o have_v so_o offend_v he_o shall_v be_v in_o case_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v twice_o a_o desertor_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o offence_n in_o diverse_a age_n and_o by_o diverse_a prince_n diverse_a penalty_n be_v appoint_v the_o spartan_n repulse_v such_o man_n from_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o office_n and_o to_o live_v ever_o unmarried_a also_o to_o give_v place_n to_o all_o other_o man_n and_o have_v the_o one_o side_n of_o their_o beard_n shave_v auidius_fw-la the_o usurper_n command_v that_o some_o shall_v have_v their_o hand_n cut_v off_o and_o other_o their_o leg_n break_v david_n king_n of_o scot_n and_o second_o of_o that_o name_n be_v force_v to_o flee_v his_o kingdom_n at_o his_o return_n as_o one_o mindful_a of_o those_o that_o abandon_v he_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n cause_v all_o chieftain_n and_o captain_n to_o pay_v money_n and_o will_v have_v disinherit_v robert_n stewart_n who_o be_v before_o name_v his_o heir_n also_o for_o a_o example_n to_o posterity_n he_o impose_v a_o pecuniary_a punishment_n upon_o all_o those_o that_o do_v abandon_v their_o king_n in_o fight_n another_o sort_n of_o fugitive_n be_v they_o that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n will_v not_o return_v although_o so_o they_o may_v of_o which_o number_n some_o do_v only_o rest_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o other_o do_v take_v part_n and_o fight_v on_o his_o side_n which_o be_v a_o offence_n of_o great_a importance_n paulus_n the_o civilian_n write_v that_o such_o offender_n shall_v be_v either_o burn_v alive_a or_o hang_v vlpianus_n will_v have_v they_o also_o burn_v king_n or_o rather_o as_o some_o report_n he_o be_v not_o execute_v by_o the_o king_n for_o leave_v he_o but_o by_o the_o factious_a lord_n for_o adhere_v firm_o to_o the_o king_n nicholas_n brembre_v a_o alderman_n of_o london_n at_o a_o battle_n in_o essex_n or_o near_o oxford_n as_o other_o say_v flee_v from_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o and_o after_o be_v find_v in_o wales_n be_v bring_v from_o thence_o to_o london_n where_o he_o be_v public_o put_v to_o death_n also_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n seven_o hundred_o fugitive_n be_v take_v beat_v with_o rod_n and_o their_o hand_n cut_v off_o by_o these_o example_n appear_v that_o no_o certain_a punishment_n be_v inflict_v for_o this_o offence_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v all_o seditious_a person_n who_o desirous_a of_o innovation_n do_v attempt_v diverse_a enterprise_n to_o move_v mutiny_n or_o rebellion_n these_o sedition_n be_v most_o common_o in_o army_n compose_v of_o diverse_a nation_n or_o where_o stranger_n be_v call_v for_o aid_n in_o cybaris_n a_o great_a number_n of_o achaian_o and_o troezenian_o do_v dwell_v quiet_o until_o the_o achei_n find_v their_o number_n the_o great_a take_v arm_n and_o expulse_v the_o troezeni_fw-la in_o constantinople_n likewise_o the_o stranger_n do_v conspire_v to_o oppress_v the_o citizen_n but_o in_o a_o battle_n be_v all_o force_a to_o fly_v also_o after_o the_o suppression_n of_o the_o tyrant_n in_o syracuse_n the_o stranger_n and_o hire_a soldier_n fall_v into_o great_a dissension_n for_o reformation_n of_o this_o fault_n julius_n caesar_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v who_o find_v such_o a_o mischief_n to_o arise_v clear_v the_o army_n of_o all_o busy_a head_n swear_v the_o soldier_n and_o at_o the_o beginning_n repress_v the_o sedition_n modestinus_n the_o doctor_n do_v give_v counsel_n that_o whosoever_o do_v begin_v any_o mutiny_n shall_v loose_v his_o life_n if_o the_o sedition_n be_v dangerous_a but_o be_v of_o less_o moment_n the_o beginner_n thereof_o shall_v be_v cass_v the_o law_n of_o naples_n command_v that_o soldier_n or_o other_o move_v any_o sedition_n shall_v forfeit_v both_o life_n and_o good_n trebonius_z a_o chief_a conspiratour_n against_o caesar_n be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o dolabella_n and_o marinas_n phalerius_n duke_n of_o venice_n for_o conspire_v against_o that_o state_n be_v behead_v yet_o in_o some_o place_n and_o time_n the_o punishment_n of_o these_o offence_n be_v only_o pecuniall_a or_o infamy_n another_o crime_n of_o great_a consequence_n it_o be_v to_o yield_v up_o or_o abandon_v a_o place_n of_o strength_n or_o depart_v from_o a_o stand_v give_v in_o charge_n for_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n those_o crime_n be_v ever_o account_v capital_a it_o be_v likewise_o capital_a for_o fear_v of_o a_o enemy_n to_o forsake_v the_o trench_n the_o wall_n or_o other_o place_n to_o be_v defend_v therefore_o augustus_n caesar_n cause_v certain_a captain_n have_v abandon_v a_o place_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o recover_v it_o modestinus_n say_v that_o he_o who_o leave_v his_o place_n of_o watch_n or_o ward_n be_v to_o be_v repute_v worse_a than_o a_o emansor_n and_o consequent_o for_o such_o a_o fault_n to_o be_v punish_v or_o at_o the_o least_o be_v discharge_v his_o service_n and_o he_o that_o forsake_v the_o trench_n incur_v the_o same_o penalty_n though_o the_o enemy_n do_v make_v no_o approach_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n than_o so_o to_o do_v be_v capital_a every_o man_n may_v read_v that_o appius_n claudius_n send_v certain_a band_n against_o the_o volses_n and_o they_o abandon_v their_o rank_n be_v beat_v with_o rod_n and_o after_o execute_v which_o proceed_v seem_v extreme_a and_o therefore_o in_o like_a case_n some_o few_o have_v be_v put_v to_o death_n to_o terrify_v the_o rest_n antonius_n lead_v a_o army_n against_o the_o parthian_n execute_v only_o every_o ten_o man_n of_o those_o that_o first_o do_v run_v away_o the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o appius_n claudius_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o volses_n put_v a_o few_o of_o those_o soldier_n to_o death_n that_o first_o abandon_v their_o ensign_n caius_n caesar_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o petreius_n at_o suit_n of_o the_o legion_n do_v put_v to_o death_n only_o twelve_o person_n that_o be_v the_o chief_a moover_n of_o sedition_n so_o great_a be_v his_o mercy_n nevertheless_o the_o use_n be_v ever_o to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n that_o do_v flee_v first_o it_o be_v say_v that_o epaminondas_n walk_v the_o round_a where_o the_o watch_n be_v set_v happen_v to_o find_v a_o soldier_n fast_o asleep_a who_o forth_o with_o he_o slay_v with_o his_o sword_n say_v as_o he_o find_v he_o so_o he_o leave_v he_o the_o like_a penalty_n do_v they_o incur_v that_o sleep_n or_o depart_v from_o their_o place_n of_o watch_n which_o move_v epaminondas_n to_o account_v a_o soldier_n sleep_v like_o a_o man_n without_o life_n by_o the_o law_n military_a it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o soldier_n do_v loose_v his_o arm_n or_o sell_v they_o he_o shall_v for_o so_o do_v be_v capital_o punish_v or_o at_o the_o least_o disable_v to_o bear_v arm_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o if_o any_o soldier_n do_v cast_v away_o his_o arm_n and_o not_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o enemy_n shall_v thereby_o incur_v infamy_n the_o old_a roman_n repute_v he_o worthy_a to_o receive_v a_o bastonado_v that_o abandon_v his_o ensign_n the_o like_a punishment_n they_o think_v due_a to_o he_o that_o do_v forsake_v the_o general_n if_o any_o captain_n do_v flee_v from_o his_o company_n or_o any_o ensign-bearer_n do_v let_v fall_v his_o colour_n he_o be_v behead_v or_o beat_v to_o death_n with_o cudgel_n appius_n claudius_n be_v send_v against_o the_o volses_n cause_v certain_a ensigne-bearer_n for_o lose_v their_o colour_n and_o other_o that_o flee_v out_o of_o their_o rank_n to_o be_v beat_v with_o rod_n paulus_n the_o doctor_n hold_v it_o a_o great_a fault_n for_o any_o soldier_n to_o sell_v his_o arm_n yet_o seem_v he_o less_o culpable_a than_o the_o former_a but_o that_o kind_a of_o crime_n be_v think_v equal_a unto_o desertion_n and_o whether_o he_o sell_v all_o or_o part_n of_o his_o arm_n the_o fault_n be_v one_o yet_o that_o doctor_n make_v this_o difference_n viz._n he_o that_o sell_v his_o greaves_n or_o his_o powldron_n be_v aught_o to_o be_v beat_v but_o who_o so_o sell_v
the_o soldier_n shall_v receive_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o common_a treasury_n for_o say_v he_o until_o that_o time_n every_o man_n provide_v for_o himself_o howsoever_o these_o payment_n begin_v sure_o it_o be_v as_o thucydides_n write_v that_o in_o the_o war_n of_o peloponesus_fw-la to_o every_o footman_n two_o drachmae_fw-la be_v daily_o give_v which_o in_o the_o month_n amount_v unto_o 60._o how_o that_o pay_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o we_o or_o the_o entertainment_n of_o soldier_n in_o this_o part_n of_o europe_n i_o know_v not_o omit_v therefore_o to_o say_v more_o thereof_o let_v we_o see_v how_o those_o pay_n be_v ancient_o bestow_v antoninus_n the_o emperor_n decree_v that_o in_o his_o reign_n no_o wage_n nor_o donative_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o any_o soldier_n for_o the_o time_n he_o do_v remain_v with_o the_o enemy_n although_o at_o his_o return_n he_o be_v allow_v postliminium_fw-la it_o therefore_o seem_v strange_a that_o modestinus_n hold_v that_o if_o a_o soldier_n take_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o have_v serve_v his_o full_a time_n do_v return_v home_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v entreat_v as_o a_o old_a soldier_n and_o receive_v reward_n as_o a_o emeritus_n whereunto_o arrius_n menander_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la assent_v yet_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o to_o receive_v a_o donative_n and_o to_o receive_v wage_n be_v diverse_a for_o donative_n be_v bestow_v only_o on_o those_o man_n that_o have_v perform_v their_o full_a time_n of_o service_n and_o call_v emeriti_fw-la but_o wage_n or_o ordinary_a pay_n be_v due_a as_o a_o yearly_a or_o monthly_a entertainment_n to_o i_o therefore_o it_o seem_v not_o necessary_a that_o donative_n shall_v be_v give_v unto_o any_o man_n be_v a_o prisoner_n nor_o that_o he_o can_v challenge_v pay_v to_o be_v due_a during_o his_o absence_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o special_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n for_o who_o so_o be_v a_o prisoner_n in_o the_o enemy_n hand_n may_v be_v repute_v a_o dead_a man_n and_o who_o can_v say_v a_o dead_a man_n deserve_v pay_v moreover_o as_o he_o who_o without_o lawful_a leave_n absent_v himself_o aught_o to_o be_v check_v so_o those_o soldier_n that_o be_v slothful_a or_o lazy_a do_v worthy_o merit_v to_o lose_v their_o wage_n according_a to_o the_o censure_n of_o antoninus_n pius_n the_o emperor_n say_v that_o nothing_o be_v more_o unreasonable_a than_o slothful_a folk_n to_o devour_v the_o common_a weal_n when_o by_o their_o labour_n they_o do_v not_o increase_v the_o commodity_n thereof_o yet_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o sick_a man_n shall_v receive_v their_o pay_n because_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o serve_v although_o they_o be_v by_o want_n of_o health_n impeach_v neither_o ought_v they_o be_v abridge_v of_o pay_n that_o be_v employ_v in_o their_o own_o particular_a affair_n so_o long_o as_o they_o depart_v not_o from_o the_o army_n nor_o the_o service_n receive_v prejudice_n chap._n 19_o ¶_o restitution_n of_o soldier_n good_n the_o roman_n and_o other_o free_a people_n make_v law_n whereby_o such_o land_n or_o good_n as_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o the_o enemy_n shall_v be_v restore_v for_o what_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o war_n or_o by_o mean_a of_o the_o war_n the_o same_o be_v redeliver_v unto_o the_o owner_n by_o force_n of_o the_o say_a law_n call_v postliminij_fw-la ius_fw-la and_o it_o seem_v a_o course_n of_o natural_a equity_n that_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v take_v and_o keep_v by_o force_n in_o absence_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o the_o owner_n when_o he_o return_v as_o therefore_o by_o go_v out_o of_o our_o confine_n a_o man_n lose_v his_o land_n and_o good_n so_o by_o enter_v again_o he_o may_v claim_v his_o own_o this_o grace_n be_v grant_v not_o only_o unto_o man_n able_a for_o fight_v but_o also_o to_o all_o other_o that_o with_o counsel_n service_n or_o otherwise_o may_v stand_v the_o state_n in_o stead_n likewise_o if_o a_o son_n be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n the_o father_n die_v he_o may_v at_o his_o return_n home_o enter_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o father_n or_o if_o a_o mother_n be_v take_v and_o her_o son_n yet_o unborn_a in_o her_o body_n when_o he_o be_v bear_v he_o may_v be_v ransom_v for_o the_o prize_n of_o one_o soldier_n and_o return_v to_o the_o land_n he_o be_v to_o inherit_v yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o freeman_n may_v not_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o law_n unless_o they_o return_v with_o intention_n to_o abide_v in_o their_o country_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o attilius_n regulus_n can_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o receive_v his_o own_o have_v swear_v to_o go_v again_o unto_o carthage_n and_o not_o continue_v at_o rome_n the_o same_o title_n also_o have_v they_o that_o be_v owner_n of_o great_a ship_n and_o galley_n fit_a for_o the_o war_n but_o fisher_n and_o waterman_n be_v deny_v that_o advantage_n because_o their_o vessel_n be_v make_v only_o for_o profit_n or_o pleasure_n and_o not_o for_o the_o war_n neither_o may_v any_o fugitive_n receive_v this_o favour_n for_o he_o that_o leave_v his_o country_n with_o intent_n to_o do_v evil_a or_o become_v a_o traitor_n must_v be_v account_v among_o the_o number_n of_o enemy_n but_o if_o a_o man_n do_v go_v unto_o another_o country_n that_o be_v in_o league_n with_o we_o and_o then_o return_v albeit_o that_o country_n be_v distant_a from_o we_o he_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o be_v restore_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n but_o enjoy_v his_o own_o as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o go_v from_o home_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o sometime_o in_o peace_n a_o man_n may_v claim_v the_o benefit_n of_o postliminium_fw-la as_o when_o a_o freeman_n be_v detain_v by_o force_n and_o make_v a_o captive_a yet_o can_v he_o not_o be_v say_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n because_o those_o violence_n which_o be_v use_v before_o the_o war_n be_v publish_v be_v not_o proper_o call_v action_n of_o the_o war_n though_o the_o difference_n seem_v small_a when_o they_o take_v from_o we_o and_o we_o from_o they_o but_o if_o a_o captive_a do_v flee_v from_o we_o and_o return_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v postliminium_fw-la whoso_o be_v take_v prisoner_n during_o his_o absence_n may_v be_v repute_v as_o dead_a for_o so_o the_o law_n do_v account_v he_o which_o reason_n percase_o move_v caius_n cotta_n return_v home_n from_o prison_n to_o say_v he_o be_v twice_o bear_v but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o no_o prisoner_n return_v can_v by_o the_o law_n of_o postliminium_fw-la receive_v wage_n or_o donative_n for_o the_o time_n of_o absence_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o grace_n if_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n do_v go_v from_o the_o city_n without_o licence_n of_o the_o senate_n unless_o he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n he_o lose_v the_o privilege_n of_o rome_n but_o be_v take_v and_o return_v he_o may_v recover_v his_o city_n and_o liberty_n it_o be_v also_o decree_v by_o the_o roman_n that_o if_o a_o father_n or_o the_o people_n do_v give_v or_o sell_v a_o man_n and_o the_o enemy_n receive_v he_o he_o may_v not_o after_o be_v allow_v postliminium_fw-la but_o if_o the_o gift_n be_v not_o accept_v than_o he_o may_v because_o there_o be_v no_o giver_n where_o a_o receiver_n want_v chap._n 20._o ¶_o of_o donative_n or_o reward_n the_o ancient_a emperor_n and_o before_o they_o the_o consul_n and_o other_o commander_n in_o the_o war_n have_v in_o use_n to_o bestow_v upon_o captain_n and_o soldier_n certain_a gift_n to_o encourage_v they_o to_o serve_v well_o those_o great_a magistrate_n do_v also_o use_v after_o or_o before_o any_o action_n of_o much_o importance_n to_o assemble_v their_o army_n and_o then_o select_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a number_n some_o few_o man_n of_o most_o merit_n do_v give_v unto_o they_o notable_a commendation_n they_o likewise_o use_v to_o bestow_v a_o lance_n or_o sword_n upon_o he_o that_o have_v wound_v a_o enemy_n or_o some_o such_o weapon_n to_o he_o that_o have_v unhorse_v or_o spoil_v a_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v a_o footman_n be_v give_v a_o pot_n of_o gold_n or_o other_o piece_n of_o plate_n if_o he_o be_v a_o horseman_n he_o receive_v a_o ornament_n or_o favour_n to_o be_v set_v on_o his_o crest_n he_o that_o mount_v first_o upon_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o enemy_n town_n receive_v a_o crown_n of_o gold_n these_o donation_n or_o favour_n do_v not_o only_o encourage_v man_n to_o valour_n but_o also_o make_v they_o much_o honour_v at_o home_n for_o beside_o glory_n and_o fame_n they_o be_v also_o receive_v into_o their_o country_n with_o much_o pomp_n and_o applause_n which_o incite_v other_o to_o attempt_v the_o like_a octavius_n caesar_n after_o the_o philippian_n
of_o they_o promise_v and_o protest_v to_o observe_v fidelity_n friendship_n and_o society_n the_o king_n of_o armenia_n and_o hiberia_fw-la to_o confirm_v peace_n between_o they_o consent_v the_o thumb_n of_o their_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v fast_o tie_v together_o which_o do_v than_o either_o thumb_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o knife_n and_o the_o blood_n come_v out_o they_o lick_v thereof_o in_o sign_n of_o mutual_a love_n but_o the_o roman_n do_v ever_o command_v that_o no_o peace_n shall_v be_v conclude_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n for_o their_o custom_n be_v that_o whensoever_o peace_n be_v to_o be_v make_v the_o praetor_n the_o consul_n or_o senate_n do_v deliver_v unto_o the_o foecial_a a_o certain_a herb_n call_v verbena_fw-la or_o else_o grass_n pull_v up_o by_o the_o root_n and_o therewith_o some_o bough_n of_o verbena_fw-la together_o with_o a_o flint_n stone_n take_v out_o of_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n feretrius_n which_o do_v the_o foecial_a cause_v a_o sow_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o market_n place_n and_o hold_v a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n like_v unto_o jupiter_n and_o cover_v his_o head_n with_o a_o cloth_n crown_v himself_o with_o a_o crown_n of_o verbena_fw-la which_o rite_n be_v end_v he_o obte_v and_o beseech_v jupiter_n and_o mars_n and_o the_o other_o god_n that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o party_n do_v fail_v to_o perform_v the_o capitulation_n that_o then_o he_o shall_v be_v strike_v and_o slay_v like_o unto_o the_o sow_n after_o which_o obtestation_n her_o body_n be_v cut_v with_o the_o flint_n then_o they_o cast_v upon_o it_o water_n and_o fire_n and_o so_o the_o sacrifice_n be_v full_o solemnize_v according_a to_o the_o verse_n of_o virgil_n antiqui_fw-la coesa_fw-la firmabant_fw-la foedera_fw-la porca_fw-la menippus_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o quintus_n lincius_n the_o consul_n affirm_v there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o treaty_n the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o victorious_a in_o war_n do_v give_v law_n unto_o he_o that_o be_v victor_v for_o he_o who_o be_v most_o potent_a in_o arm_n may_v ever_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n at_o his_o discretion_n the_o second_o be_v when_o the_o adversary_n be_v of_o equal_a force_n the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v aequo_fw-la foedere_fw-la that_o be_v with_o equal_a condition_n and_o all_o thing_n restore_v as_o they_o have_v be_v take_v and_o that_o he_o who_o possession_n be_v by_o war_n disturb_v shall_v be_v restore_v of_o this_o kind_n be_v treaty_n between_o octavius_n caesar_n antonius_n and_o pompeius_n and_o the_o condition_n be_v sign_v and_o seal_v be_v send_v unto_o rome_n to_o rest_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o virgin_n vestal_a the_o three_o kind_n of_o treaty_n be_v between_o those_o that_o never_o be_v enemy_n and_o notwithstanding_o do_v join_v in_o league_n and_o amity_n in_o that_o case_n if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v victorious_a or_o victor_v yet_o do_v they_o neither_o give_v nor_o take_v law_n the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o tartarian_n conclude_v any_o peace_n or_o treaty_n do_v sanctify_v the_o same_o in_o this_o sort_n first_o they_o cause_v a_o partisan_n a_o sword_n or_o other_o weapon_n of_o war_n to_o be_v bring_v and_o thereupon_o they_o take_v a_o oath_n which_o do_v they_o drink_v of_o the_o water_n wherein_o the_o partisan_n sword_n or_o other_o weapon_n be_v wash_v pronounce_v these_o word_n quicunque_fw-la pacta_fw-la &_o fraternitatem_fw-la violarit_fw-la aut_fw-la contraeam_fw-la violandam_fw-la insurrexerit_fw-la vel_fw-la aliquid_fw-la intentaverit_fw-la à frameis_fw-la incidendus_fw-la occidendusque_fw-la pereat_fw-la ac_fw-la tanquam_fw-la aqua_fw-la defluat_fw-la ac_fw-la evanescat_fw-la the_o lacedaemonian_n confirm_v their_o treaty_n with_o great_a sacrament_n protest_v to_o observe_v they_o just_o simple_o without_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n and_o renew_v the_o same_o yearly_a as_o therefore_o treaty_n of_o this_o kind_n do_v bind_v either_o party_n equal_o so_o be_v they_o both_o equal_o and_o lawful_o conjoin_v in_o the_o obligation_n truce_n be_v a_o peace_n for_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o end_n the_o enemy_n may_v take_v breath_n and_o be_v advise_v varro_n call_v truce_n a_o abstinence_n of_o arm_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o holiday_n of_o war_n for_o albeit_o the_o fight_n cease_v yet_o the_o war_n continue_v the_o term_n of_o truce_n be_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o but_o as_o the_o enemy_n shall_v agree_v lucius_n pontius_n general_n of_o the_o samnite_n desire_v a_o truce_n for_o six_o hour_n only_o the_o second_o truce_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v to_o continue_v for_o fifty_o year_n the_o vient_n also_o obtain_v a_o truce_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o a_o hundred_o year_n the_o first_o truce_n whereof_o we_o read_v be_v take_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o romulus_n when_o then_o sabine_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o roman_n under_o titus_n tacius_fw-la their_o king_n in_o which_o expedition_n certain_a lady_n of_o rome_n be_v employ_v and_o conduct_v by_o hersilia_n who_o persuasion_n prevail_v with_o those_o king_n the_o nature_n of_o truce_n be_v such_o as_o during_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o the_o enemy_n without_o offend_v may_v meet_v and_o speak_v together_o it_o be_v also_o lawful_a for_o every_o soldier_n during_o that_o term_n to_o go_v and_o return_v safe_a at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o every_o treaty_n as_o well_o of_o truce_n as_o peace_n ought_v be_v faithful_a and_o sincere_a and_o therefore_o i_o much_o disallow_v cleomenes_z king_n of_o lacedaemon_n who_o have_v conclude_v a_o truce_n for_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o day_n do_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o night_n spoil_v the_o enemy_n country_n allege_v the_o truce_n be_v make_v for_o day_n but_o not_o for_o night_n which_o crafty_a construction_n ought_v be_v mislike_v howsoever_o that_o be_v sure_o it_o be_v that_o no_o matter_n of_o state_n be_v of_o more_o difficulty_n than_o the_o assurance_n of_o treaty_n and_o league_n between_o prince_n and_o common_a weal_n either_o friend_n or_o enemy_n newter_n or_o subject_n for_o some_o require_v only_o mutual_a protestation_n or_o oath_n other_o demand_v hostage_n some_o will_v be_v possess_v of_o town_n and_o strong_a place_n and_o other_o will_v have_v the_o enemy_n utter_o disarm_v yet_o experience_n have_v prove_v that_o league_n to_o be_v best_a which_o be_v ratify_v by_o alliance_n and_o consanguinity_n but_o this_o subject_n ought_v be_v discourse_v by_o doctor_n and_o expert_a politician_n chap._n 29._o of_o licence_n and_o passport_n in_o certain_a cause_n and_o for_o some_o reason_n captain_n general_n and_o other_o commander_n in_o the_o war_n be_v wont_a to_o grant_v licence_n unto_o their_o soldier_n to_o be_v absent_a from_o the_o army_n or_o other_o place_n of_o service_n with_o allowance_n of_o time_n convenient_a for_o their_o go_n and_o return_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o such_o licenses_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v without_o earnest_a occasion_n and_o for_o good_a respect_n whereunto_o we_o will_v add_v that_o meet_v it_o be_v that_o not_o only_a soldier_n but_o also_o horse_n ought_v to_o be_v restrain_v and_o seldom_o suffer_v to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o army_n neither_o ought_v any_o horse_n of_o service_n be_v employ_v in_o hunt_v hawk_v or_o other_o needless_a exercise_n for_o so_o be_v it_o decree_v in_o the_o discipline_n of_o augustus_n the_o emperor_n archadius_fw-la and_o honorius_n command_v all_o captain_n and_o commander_n to_o be_v wary_a in_o give_v licence_n to_o soldier_n chief_o when_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n or_o when_o he_o make_v incursion_n for_o at_o such_o time_n to_o give_v licence_n be_v account_v capital_a or_o if_o any_o soldier_n do_v absent_v himself_o from_o his_o ensign_n without_o leave_n that_o crime_n be_v also_o punish_v by_o death_n licenses_n be_v therefore_o to_o be_v rare_o grant_v and_o for_o necessary_a consideration_n yet_o no_o licence_n may_v be_v deny_v when_o urgent_a occasion_n so_o require_v which_o error_n appius_n claudius_n the_o decemuir_n incur_v when_o by_o his_o letter_n he_o require_v that_o luctus_n virginius_n may_v not_o be_v suffer_v to_o come_v unto_o rome_n fear_v he_o will_v accuse_v he_o for_o the_o ravish_a his_o daughter_n but_o by_o good_a hap_n virginius_n depart_v from_o the_o army_n one_o day_n before_o the_o letter_n arrive_v there_o howsoever_o that_o be_v yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o no_o soldier_n of_o any_o army_n well_o govern_v ought_v demand_v passport_n or_o licence_n to_o depart_v at_o any_o unseasonable_a time_n neither_o shall_v any_o captain_n condescend_v to_o license_v he_o which_o move_v hannibal_n after_o the_o take_n of_o saguntum_n in_o spain_n to_o proclaim_v that_o every_o soldier_n occasion_v to_o go_v unto_o his_o country_n or_o friend_n aught_o before_o he_o go_v to_o desire_v licence_n likewise_o by_o a_o edict_n of_o francis_n the_o
sacrifice_v the_o body_n of_o man_n take_v in_o war_n as_o a_o oblation_n to_o the_o god_n most_o acceptable_a howsoever_o these_o people_n handle_v the_o matter_n it_o be_v no_o doubt_n lawful_a for_o man_n that_o be_v victorious_a peaceable_o to_o rule_v and_o command_v those_o that_o be_v victor_v and_o ariovistus_fw-la answer_v caesar_n say_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n use_v to_o command_v nation_n conquer_v according_a to_o their_o own_o discretion_n not_o the_o direction_n of_o other_o who_o so_o therefore_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o enemy_n become_v his_o captive_a neither_o can_v he_o be_v owner_n of_o any_o thing_n when_o he_o himself_o be_v possess_v by_o another_o this_o only_o remain_v that_o in_o he_o there_o rest_v a_o right_a and_o title_n to_o his_o own_o notwithstanding_o possession_n be_v lose_v here_o we_o may_v also_o remember_v that_o all_o place_n take_v by_o the_o enemy_n do_v cease_v to_o be_v sacred_a or_o religious_a yet_o be_v deliver_v from_o that_o calamity_n they_o return_v to_o their_o former_a estate_n jure_fw-la postliminio_fw-la therefore_o see_v the_o grave_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o to_o we_o sacred_a the_o violation_n of_o they_o do_v bear_v no_o action_n chap._n 32._o of_o rescue_v and_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n if_o any_o soldier_n be_v take_v and_o by_o aid_n of_o other_o rescue_v he_o ought_v not_o remain_v prisoner_n to_o the_o rescuer_n but_o shall_v forthwith_o be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n and_o enjoy_v his_o former_a estate_n for_o soldier_n must_v be_v defender_n of_o fellow_n in_o arm_n not_o their_o master_n likewise_o if_o any_o stranger_n do_v redeem_v a_o prisoner_n from_o the_o enemy_n the_o soldier_n redeem_v shall_v not_o be_v account_v the_o stranger_n prisoner_n but_o remain_v with_o he_o as_o a_o pledge_n until_o the_o ransom_n be_v pay_v for_o so_o be_v it_o decree_v by_o gordianus_n the_o emperor_n if_o a_o woman_n prisoner_n be_v redeem_v from_o the_o enemy_n and_o marry_v with_o he_o that_o redeem_v she_o in_o that_o case_n she_o and_o her_o child_n shall_v be_v discharge_v both_o of_o bondage_n and_o payment_n of_o money_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v redeem_v a_o prisoner_n take_v by_o the_o enemy_n the_o prisoner_n be_v forthwith_o at_o liberty_n and_o the_o redeemer_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o accept_v the_o price_n offer_v without_o further_a question_n if_o a_o man_n contract_v marriage_n with_o a_o woman_n his_o prisoner_n he_o shall_v be_v judge_v to_o have_v forgive_v her_o ransom_n yet_o if_o a_o dishonest_a woman_n redeem_v her_o daughter_n from_o the_o enemy_n and_o know_v she_o to_o be_v honest_a shall_v deliver_v she_o to_o be_v dishonour_v and_o the_o daughter_n to_o preserve_v her_o chastity_n flee_v to_o her_o father_n in_o that_o case_n the_o mother_n make_v herself_o unworthy_a to_o receive_v the_o prize_n in_o respect_n of_o her_o lewd_a intention_n and_o the_o daughter_n shall_v be_v restore_v free_o to_o her_o liberty_n this_o be_v also_o a_o rule_n general_a that_o a_o freeman_n take_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o redeem_v so_o soon_o as_o his_o ransom_n be_v pay_v or_o his_o body_n by_o other_o mean_v set_v at_o liberty_n he_o thereby_o recover_v his_o former_a estate_n in_o the_o mean_a space_n although_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o full_o satisfy_v yet_o may_v he_o challenge_v his_o right_n of_o succession_n so_o as_o thereby_o he_o shall_v in_o time_n be_v able_a to_o discharge_v the_o debt_n moreover_o if_o he_o who_o redeem_v a_o prisoner_n shall_v remit_v the_o bondage_n of_o his_o pawn_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o redeem_v at_o liberty_n from_o his_o redeemer_n albeit_o he_o be_v restore_v to_o that_o freedom_n which_o former_o he_o have_v lose_v but_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o do_v service_n unto_o the_o child_n of_o the_o redeemer_n the_o first_o beginning_n to_o give_v ransom_n for_o redeem_v of_o captive_a soldier_n be_v after_o the_o defeat_n of_o can_v at_o which_o time_n hannibal_n do_v grant_v leave_n that_o the_o roman_n may_v ransom_n themselves_o the_o price_n then_o of_o a_o horseman_n be_v five_o hundred_o piece_n of_o money_n a_o footman_n three_o hundred_o and_o for_o a_o servant_n one_o hundred_o and_o if_o any_o money_n or_o other_o good_n be_v leave_v in_o deposito_fw-la or_o give_v to_o redeem_v a_o captive_a they_o may_v be_v lawful_o demand_v during_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o neither_o ought_v it_o be_v think_v strange_a that_o a_o part_n or_o a_o whole_a inheritance_n belong_v unto_o a_o captive_a and_o leave_v unto_o person_n unknown_a ought_v be_v bestow_v to_o redeem_v he_o for_o heretofore_o the_o emperor_n move_v with_o pity_n and_o compassion_n of_o poor_a soldier_n misadventure_n have_v by_o law_n decree_v that_o a_o whole_a inheritance_n may_v be_v give_v to_o ransom_n captive_n because_o nothing_o shall_v be_v withhold_v from_o redeem_v man_n that_o have_v endure_v the_o fortune_n of_o war_n in_o defence_n of_o our_o country_n chap._n 33._o ¶_o of_o enemy_n we_o proper_o call_v those_o people_n enemy_n that_o public_o do_v make_v war_n upon_o we_o or_o against_o who_o we_o make_v war_n yet_o thief_n and_o robber_n can_v be_v name_v enemy_n neither_o may_v they_o be_v repute_v captive_n that_o be_v take_v or_o keep_v by_o thief_n and_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n shall_v not_o need_v to_o be_v restore_v by_o postliminium_fw-la but_o who_o so_o be_v take_v in_o the_o war_n be_v a_o prisoner_n unto_o his_o taker_n and_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n by_o the_o law_n of_o postliminium_fw-la shall_v recover_v his_o former_a estate_n the_o people_n that_o move_v war_n against_o the_o roman_n be_v ever_o thereunto_o move_v either_o by_o ambition_n as_o the_o parthian_n or_o by_o desire_n of_o liberty_n as_o the_o german_n by_o who_o at_o length_n the_o roman_a empire_n be_v subvert_v the_o athenian_n use_v to_o contend_v with_o some_o enemy_n for_o victory_n but_o with_o the_o barbarian_n they_o fight_v until_o death_n because_o they_o be_v repute_v their_o great_a enemy_n to_o who_o if_o any_o man_n do_v give_v aid_n or_o mean_n to_o spoil_v the_o country_n he_o be_v burn_v alive_a if_o he_o sell_v any_o port_n or_o haven_n he_o deserve_a loss_n of_o life_n and_o he_o that_o furnish_v the_o enemy_n with_o hay_n or_o come_v be_v likewise_o capital_o punish_v the_o roman_n will_v not_o receive_v condition_n from_o any_o enemy_n be_v in_o arm_n because_o as_o quintus_n cicero_n say_v a_o enemy_n ought_v with_o hand_n and_o foot_n to_o be_v repulse_v in_o macedon_n a_o law_n there_o be_v that_o whosoever_o do_v return_v from_o the_o war_n and_o have_v not_o slay_v a_o enemy_n shall_v be_v strangle_v with_o a_o cord_n the_o scythian_n have_v a_o use_n that_o at_o solemn_a feast_n no_o man_n shall_v drink_v of_o the_o great_a cup_n which_o be_v carry_v about_o unless_o he_o have_v slay_v a_o enemy_n the_o iberi_n have_v a_o custom_n to_o set_v about_o the_o tomb_n of_o every_o dead_a man_n so_o many_o pyramid_n as_o he_o have_v slay_v enemy_n the_o persian_n make_v a_o law_n that_o explorator_n and_o spy_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o danger_n they_o endure_v shall_v be_v maintain_v by_o public_a contribution_n and_o albeit_o the_o hate_n which_o enemy_n have_v one_o towards_o the_o other_o be_v great_a yet_o the_o indian_n in_o time_n of_o war_n do_v refrain_v to_o use_v force_n against_o plowman_n or_o molest_v they_o be_v repute_v minister_n of_o common_a utility_n pomponius_n write_v that_o in_o rome_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o city_n by_o other_o way_n then_o the_o gate_n for_o otherwise_o do_v he_o shall_v be_v repute_v a_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o move_v romulus_n to_o kill_v his_o brother_n remus_n when_o he_o climb_v upon_o the_o wall_n yet_o be_v he_o no_o enemy_n howsoever_o that_o be_v martianus_n affirm_v resolute_o that_o wheresoever_o a_o fugetive_n be_v find_v there_o may_v he_o lawful_o be_v kill_v as_o a_o enemy_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o so_o call_v chap._n 34._o ¶_o of_o immunity_n military_a albeit_o unfit_a it_o be_v that_o soldier_n discontinue_v the_o war_n who_o we_o former_o call_v emansores_fw-la or_o other_o man_n new_o enter_v into_o that_o profession_n shall_v be_v protect_v or_o excuse_v from_o payment_n of_o debt_n or_o otherwise_o privilege_v yet_o meet_v it_o be_v that_o man_n of_o long_a and_o loyal_a service_n shall_v be_v in_o some_o sort_n bear_v with_o and_o favour_v in_o that_o case_n therefore_o diverse_a immunity_n have_v be_v ancient_o grant_v unto_o soldier_n of_o great_a service_n or_o good_a merit_n as_o appear_v by_o diverse_a decree_n make_v by_o the_o emperor_n severus_n and_o antoninus_n who_o dispense_v with_o a_o execution_n award_v against_o one_o man_n call_v marcellus_n command_v that_o his_o pay_n
the_o duke_n of_o bohemia_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o in_o holy_a scripture_n of_o david_n and_o goliath_n chap._n 3._o ¶_o when_o and_o how_o combat_n be_v in_o use_n albeit_o the_o law_n both_o canonical_a and_o civil_a have_v inhibit_v combat_n yet_o by_o use_n and_o ancient_a custom_n in_o some_o country_n they_o be_v permit_v chief_o among_o the_o old_a lombard_n for_o whensoeur_fw-fr matter_n of_o great_a importance_n have_v be_v due_o examine_v and_o the_o truth_n can_v not_o appear_v otherwise_o then_o by_o god_n judgement_n in_o such_o case_n the_o combat_n be_v grant_v yet_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o the_o combatant_n be_v first_o swear_v that_o without_o fraud_n and_o for_o trial_n of_o truth_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v perform_v the_o matter_n of_o those_o combat_n be_v chief_o these_o if_o a_o man_n be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n if_o a_o reconcile_a enemy_n do_v break_v his_o vow_n if_o a_o man_n for_o desire_n of_o inheritance_n be_v charge_v to_o murder_v his_o father_n if_o a_o man_n be_v touch_v with_o adultery_n or_o a_o woman_n accuse_v to_o procure_v her_o husband_n death_n these_o and_o some_o other_o doubt_n move_v the_o lombard_n to_o grant_v combat_n if_o by_o other_o just_a proof_n the_o truth_n can_v not_o appear_v neither_o do_v it_o seem_v barbarous_a or_o unseasonable_a in_o those_o case_n to_o admit_v combat_n this_o custom_n the_o frenchman_n also_o with_o little_a difference_n approve_a as_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o constitution_n of_o king_n philip_n the_o fair_a yet_o extant_a in_o these_o word_n siquis_fw-la occulti_fw-la criminis_fw-la capitalisque_fw-la reus_fw-la sit_fw-la atque_fw-la ita_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la constet_fw-la ut_fw-la quaecstioni_fw-la subijci_fw-la possit_fw-la condemnari_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la be_v arbitratu_fw-la accusatoris_fw-la duello_n experiatur_fw-la since_o those_o day_n combat_n have_v be_v more_o considerate_o grant_v in_o italy_n for_o the_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v jealous_a of_o their_o honour_n upon_o light_a occasion_n and_o almost_o for_o every_o lie_n will_v resort_v unto_o a_o prince_n for_o security_n and_o licence_n for_o combat_v chap._n 4._o ¶_o what_o exception_n or_o repulse_n may_v just_o move_v the_o defender_n to_o refuse_v the_o combat_n achalenger_n may_v be_v refuse_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o person_n be_v know_v a_o man_n wicked_a or_o infamous_a for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o any_o man_n of_o good_a fame_n shall_v hazard_v himself_o to_o fight_v with_o he_o that_o be_v infamous_a so_o a_o general_a rule_n it_o be_v that_o no_o man_n of_o so_o vile_a quality_n shall_v bear_v arm_n unlawful_a also_o it_o be_v and_o forbid_v by_o law_n that_o any_o murderer_n thief_n or_o other_o vicious_a person_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o accuse_v or_o fight_v with_o any_o gentleman_n or_o other_o person_n of_o reputation_n quid_fw-la say_v nulla_fw-la lex_fw-la iustior_fw-la quamnecis_fw-la artifices_fw-la arte_fw-la perire_fw-la sva_fw-la of_o no_o better_a estimation_n ought_v he_o be_v that_o be_v a_o fugitive_n a_o seditious_a person_n a_o traitor_n a_o forsaker_n of_o the_o army_n a_o perjure_a man_n a_o traitor_n to_o his_o master_n or_o friend_n a_o bawd_n or_o note_v of_o any_o crime_n that_o be_v accompany_v with_o infamy_n chap._n 5._o ¶_o whether_o a_o man_n of_o mean_a quality_n may_v challenge_v his_o superior_a for_o answer_v to_o this_o question_n i_o will_v use_v the_o opinion_n of_o joannes_n jacobus_n triwltius_n who_o be_v colonel_n general_a of_o the_o french_a king_n force_n hear_v a_o man_n at_o arm_n to_o refuse_v the_o challenge_n of_o a_o foot_n soldier_n say_v that_o he_o ought_v not_o because_o every_o soldier_n be_v enroll_v and_o in_o the_o king_n pay_n be_v repute_v a_o gentleman_n quontam_fw-la ex_fw-la militia_n oritur_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la every_o small_a disequalitie_n ought_v not_o make_v difference_n chief_o where_o god_n be_v judge_n before_o who_o be_v no_o difference_n of_o person_n moreover_o if_o that_o exception_n be_v general_o admit_v no_o challenge_n shall_v be_v at_o all_o because_o none_o or_o very_o few_o be_v equal_a for_o some_o be_v honourable_a as_o they_o that_o have_v receive_v dignity_n from_o the_o prince_n other_o be_v gentleman_n who_o title_n the_o arm_n of_o their_o ancestor_n do_v warrant_v other_o for_o vertuc_fw-la have_v deserve_v same_o and_o be_v repute_v noble_a plancus_n and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n do_v say_v that_o nobilis_fw-la est_fw-la quasi_fw-la notus_fw-la hardly_o therefore_o be_v gentleman_n find_v that_o by_o all_o these_o mean_n can_v warrant_v their_o nobility_n better_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o justify_v honour_n by_o arm_n then_o incur_v suspicion_n of_o viletie_n or_o stand_v upon_o curious_a point_n of_o pedigree_n what_o good_a can_v plancus_n have_v when_o puff_v with_o pride_n he_o boast_v himself_o to_o descend_v of_o the_o high_a house_n of_o drusis_n and_o iwenal_n say_v nobilitas_fw-la veraest_n atque_fw-la unica_fw-la virtus_fw-la much_o doubt_n have_v also_o be_v make_v whether_o a_o man_n of_o mean_a title_n may_v challenge_v a_o great_a as_o when_o a_o earl_n challenge_v a_o duke_n whether_o lawful_o he_o may_v so_o do_v of_o this_o matter_n diverse_a man_n have_v think_v diverse_o paris_n the_o doctor_n say_v that_o a_o gentleman_n bear_v and_o of_o three_o descent_n may_v fight_v or_o challenge_v a_o duke_n upon_o any_o injury_n to_o he_o do_v the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v that_o a_o duke_n offer_v injury_n make_v he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v offer_v his_o equal_a and_o able_a to_o encounter_v he_o in_o arm_n which_o otherwise_o he_o ought_v not_o be_v but_o this_o opinion_n the_o lawyer_n of_o late_a time_n do_v not_o allow_v for_o as_o in_o controversy_n criminal_a person_n illustrious_a and_o of_o great_a title_n may_v answer_v by_o proctor_n so_o may_v they_o in_o combat_n appear_v by_o champion_n otherwise_o it_o ought_v be_v where_o both_o the_o challenger_n and_o defender_n be_v illustri_fw-la and_o titule_a personage_n for_o in_o that_o case_n although_o they_o be_v not_o even_o of_o one_o degree_n yet_o be_v both_o noble_a the_o great_a lord_n can_v refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o inferior_a for_o which_o reason_n a_o earl_n may_v not_o be_v repulse_v by_o a_o marquize_n or_o a_o duke_n because_o they_o be_v both_o right_n honourable_a though_o of_o diverse_a title_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o fit_a that_o private_a gentleman_n or_o baron_n shall_v challenge_v a_o great_a marquize_n a_o gentleman_n of_o three_o descent_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v employ_v his_o life_n in_o arm_n ought_v not_o be_v refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o man_n of_o worship_n because_o the_o inequality_n of_o their_o dignity_n be_v not_o great_a and_o such_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o paris_n chap._n 6._o what_o sort_n of_o man_n ought_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o trial_n of_o arm_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o trial_n of_o arm_n appertain_v only_o to_o gentleman_n and_o that_o gentility_n be_v a_o degree_n honourable_a it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o any_o person_n of_o mean_a condition_n shall_v thereunto_o be_v admit_v wherefore_o as_o the_o judge_n of_o civil_a trial_n do_v ordinary_o reject_v the_o testimony_n of_o such_o as_o be_v account_v infamous_a even_o so_o in_o martial_a trial_n a_o person_n honourable_a ought_v not_o by_o man_n of_o base_a quality_n be_v accuse_v for_o how_o can_v he_o charge_v another_o with_o any_o crime_n that_o have_v himself_o commit_v a_o offence_n against_o his_o own_o reputation_n it_o have_v be_v therefore_o ordain_v and_o determine_v that_o no_o man_n have_v commit_v treason_n against_o his_o prince_n or_o country_n shall_v be_v admit_v he_o also_o may_v be_v repulse_v that_o have_v have_v intelligence_n or_o conference_n with_o the_o enemy_n of_o his_o prince_n or_o country_n or_o that_o be_v take_v of_o they_o do_v there_o remain_v have_v mean_n to_o return_v unto_o his_o prince_n service_n he_o that_o become_v a_o spy_n or_o explorator_fw-la for_o the_o enemy_n or_o that_o take_v a_o oath_n against_o his_o prince_n or_o that_o take_v a_o prince_n pay_n and_o depart_v before_o he_o have_v serve_v the_o full_a time_n he_o that_o abandon_v the_o army_n of_o his_o prince_n and_o flee_v unto_o the_o enemy_n or_o be_v discharge_v do_v go_v unto_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o skirmish_n or_o fight_v shall_v be_v repute_v as_o infamous_a and_o also_o a_o traitor_n he_o that_o abandon_v the_o ensign_n of_o his_o prince_n or_o captain_n or_o that_o either_o by_o day_n or_o night_n shall_v malicious_o depart_v from_o the_o place_n of_o his_o charge_n about_o his_o prince_n person_n or_o in_o the_o camp_n among_o these_o we_o will_v account_v all_o thief_n beggar_n bawd_n victualler_n person_n excommunicate_a usurer_n person_n banish_v the_o army_n and_o every_o other_o man_n exercise_v a_o occupation_n or_o trade_n unfit_a and_o unworthy_a a_o
slave_n or_o pirate_n only_o corona_n obsidialis_fw-la be_v give_v to_o a_o general_n leader_n that_o have_v save_v his_o army_n distress_v that_o crown_n be_v make_v of_o grass_n grow_v where_o the_o army_n be_v besiege_v such_o a_o one_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n bestow_v upon_o fabius_n maximus_n in_o the_o second_o war_n against_o the_o carthagenian_o corona_n civica_fw-la be_v also_o of_o high_a estimation_n be_v give_v to_o he_o that_o save_v a_o citizen_n from_o the_o enemy_n this_o crown_n be_v make_v of_o oaken_a bough_n and_o repute_v a_o ensign_n of_o exceed_a honour_n of_o which_o opinion_n antoninus_n pius_n seem_v to_o be_v say_v malo_fw-la unum_fw-la civem_fw-la seruare_fw-la quà m_fw-la mille_fw-la host_n occidere_fw-la corona_n haederalis_fw-la be_v give_v to_o poet_n corona_n populea_fw-la be_v give_v to_o young_a man_n industrious_a and_o dispose_v to_o virtuous_a endeavour_n other_o ensign_n military_a the_o roman_n use_v and_o be_v bestow_v in_o token_n of_o dignity_n as_o chain_n of_o gold_n gild_a spur_n lance_n and_o white_a rod_n the_o one_o a_o token_n of_o war_n the_o other_o of_o peace_n we_o will_v also_o speak_v of_o crown_n of_o late_a device_n give_v to_o great_a estate_n chap._n 4._o of_o emperor_n imperator_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quasi_fw-la imperij_fw-la rator_fw-la fortasse_fw-la ut_fw-la legislator_n ita_fw-la &_o imperij_fw-la lator_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la imperium_fw-la supremamque_fw-la maiestatem_fw-la habens_fw-la non_fw-la armis_fw-la solum_fw-la munitam_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o legibus_fw-la moderatam_fw-la the_o name_n of_o emperor_n be_v first_o in_o use_n among_o the_o roman_n and_o by_o they_o invent_v not_o for_o prince_n but_o chief_a leader_n and_o captain_n of_o the_o war_n at_o the_o beginning_n they_o be_v yearly_o create_v in_o january_n and_o end_v their_o authority_n in_o september_n which_o custom_n continue_v until_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsalia_n wherein_o pompey_n be_v defeat_v by_o caesar_n who_o be_v returnen_v to_o rome_n the_o roman_n consent_v he_o shall_v enjoy_v that_o title_n of_o emperor_n during_o his_o life_n the_o which_o his_o nephew_n octavian_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o empire_n continue_v and_o make_v it_o hereditary_a to_o his_o successor_n with_o the_o surname_n of_o augustus_n for_o his_o happy_a government_n which_o name_n have_v be_v ever_o since_o use_v by_o all_o emperor_n to_o this_o day_n so_o appear_v it_o that_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n begin_v in_o rome_n anno_fw-la mundi_fw-la 3914._o or_o as_o other_o say_v 3963_o ab_fw-la urbe_fw-la condita_fw-la 706._o and_o before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n 47._o this_o emperor_n and_o his_o successor_n continue_v their_o seat_n at_o rome_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 310._o by_o who_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v transfer_v to_o constantinople_n so_o the_o empire_n become_v divide_v into_o two_o empire_n one_o emperor_n govern_v at_o constantinople_n in_o the_o east_n the_o other_o at_o rome_n in_o the_o west_n which_o order_n continue_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o carolus_n magnus_fw-la until_o constantinus_n paleologus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n constantinople_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o turk_n the_o west_n empire_n after_o the_o death_n of_o charlemagne_n have_v in_o diverse_a age_n be_v govern_v by_o prince_n of_o diverse_a nation_n as_o frenchman_n saxon_n suevians_n and_o austrian_n who_o present_o hold_v that_o dignity_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o otho_n 3_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o pope_n gregory_n 5._o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v take_v from_o the_o italian_n and_o grant_v unto_o seven_o prince_n of_o germany_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n trever_o and_o colein_n the_o count_n palatin_n of_o rhine_n the_o duke_n of_o saxon_n the_o marquesse_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n then_o call_v duke_n of_o bohemia_n this_o order_n be_v after_o confirm_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o four_o about_o the_o year_n 1378._o among_o prince_n secular_a a_o emperor_n have_v ancient_o be_v repute_v worthy_a a_o chief_a place_n and_o to_o precede_v all_o other_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o baldus_n call_v a_o emperor_n the_o vicar_n or_o vicegerent_n of_o god_n upon_o earth_n and_o therefore_o when_o other_o prince_n be_v crown_v with_o one_o only_a crown_n a_o emperor_n have_v ever_o have_v three_o the_o first_o crown_n be_v of_o iron_n which_o he_o receive_v at_o aquisgran_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colein_n within_o who_o diocese_n that_o city_n be_v seat_v the_o second_o crown_n be_v of_o silver_n which_o he_o take_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o milan_n in_o the_o city_n of_o modena_n after_o he_o be_v arrive_v in_o italy_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o emperor_n henry_n receive_v it_o at_o milan_n in_o s._n ambrose_n church_n and_o haply_o so_o have_v some_o other_o emperor_n silver_n signify_v cleanness_n and_o brightness_n yet_o some_o writer_n have_v say_v the_o first_o crown_n be_v of_o silver_n and_o the_o second_o of_o iron_n which_o cass._n deni_v the_o three_o crown_n be_v of_o pure_a gold_n wherewith_o he_o be_v crown_v at_o rome_n by_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o church_n of_o s._n peter_n before_o the_o altar_n of_o s._n mauriee_n gold_n be_v account_v the_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o metal_n and_o of_o such_o perfection_n in_o justice_n emperor_n and_o prince_n ought_v be_v in_o these_o three_o metal_n all_o tribute_n and_o other_o duty_n be_v ancient_o pay_v unto_o emperor_n when_o the_o sceptre_n and_o sword_n be_v deliver_v into_o his_o hand_n it_o be_v likewise_o say_v unto_o he_o viz._n by_o these_o sign_n thou_o be_v admonish_v to_o correct_v subject_n with_o a_o fatherly_a chastisement_n extend_v thy_o hand_n of_o mercy_n first_o unto_o the_o minister_n of_o god_n and_o next_o to_o widow_n and_o fatherless_a child_n so_o shall_v the_o 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adversum_fw-la i_o