Ammunition-wagons of which there were not aboue 100 at most the King having left the rest at Naumburg with no purpose of fighting The King advanced till he came with the end of his Right Wing within Musket shot of a little wood having all the way a full view of the Imperiall Army That Walenstein much over-powred the King in numbers may appeare by the mighty long Front that he put out full 2. English miles from one Wings end to another This is also to be considered Walensteins numbers much more then the Kings that Walensteins and all the old Discipline is to march 10. deepe in File whereas the King was no more but 6. deepe of Foote I meane and of Horse but 3. or 4. deepe according as the Brigades were either stronger or weaker Besides this that Walensteins Files were all the way almost as deepe againe his Ranks also were in Front so much longer The King enforced to lengthen out his Right Wing that the King was faine to send for Bulach and all the Squadrons of Horse from the Right Wing of the Reere or second Front to imp out his Feathers at the end of his Right Wing for feare that Walenstein should surround him These Squadrons when Generall-Major Kniphausen missed out of their places he sent a Gentleman to his Maiesty to know whither he had otherwise employed them The King was at the same time likewise sending the the Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg unto Kniphausen to tell him that he would but use them in that first charge and then returne them backe againe to their Order The Duke meeting with the Gentleman and telling him thus much both then returned to their places The King wondred not a little at it when he saw how faire a Clew Walenstein spread affirming to these about him That if he had any Seconds behind his first Front he could not iudge him to be lesse then 30000. True it is indeed that Walenstein had given out Proviant Comissions for 40000. and sometimes for 50000. people but yet had he not so many fighting men for that there were at least 10000. women servants children and such Hang-byes belonging to the Army which are to be discounted Besides this it is to be considered that Walenstein had but one Front and the King 2. so that we may well allow Walenstein to be 20000. in the First Front at the very first ordering of the Battell After which accounting those that were still comming in even till 10. a clocke and Pappenheims Horse and Dragooners which came in about one or two a clocke and his Foot thought to make the second fierce charge towards night and then doubtlesse these could not be fewer then 10. on 12000. which made up in all full 30000. fighting men The Armies being comne within Cannon shot the great Ordnance began to play one upon another terribly The Aire roar'd and the earth trembled and those manly hearts that feared not dying were yet very loath to have no more play for their lives then to be beaten to pieces with the bullet of a Cannon And here had Walenstein surely a great advantage over the Kings Army The Battell begun with great Ordnance for his Ordnance being all ready planted upon steaddy and fixt Batteries the Canoniers traversed their Peeces and delivered their bullets with more aime then the Kings men could possibly who gave fire in motion still and advancing His Maiesties Cannon ever as a peece was discharged was there left to be brought after the Army still advancing and marching away from it Plainely the King liked not this sport for that the Imperiall Cannon did his men farre more spoile and execution then he possibly could againe returne them Seeing therefore no good to be done this way he causes his Army to advance upon the very mouth of the Cannon and to charge towards the High-way and to beate out those Muskettiers that were lodged in it The Imperiall Army stood their ground all this time expecting that the fiercenesse of their enemies charge would indifferently well be abated by that time they had beaten out those Muskettiers and had put themselues out of order and breath with scambling over the ditches And indeed the place being almost mans height a many of the Kings Horsemen were there left tumbling up and downe but of the rest that gat over this was the order of their Charge The commanded Muskettiers and the Foote of the Swedes Brigade having cleered the High-way the whole Front advanced to charge together The order of the first charge This whilest they were doing the little Drakes or Field-Peeces 2. of which marcht before every Body of Muskettiers that lined the Horse of the Wings were first fired and the Muskettiers at the same time giving their first Saluee the Horse then charged home upon the Imperiall Horse by the Drakes and Muskettiers something before disordered This order was held in the first charge by the whole Front of the Army but I must now leave the Battell and Left Wing engaged to speake of the Right Wing first where the King in person commaunded The King at his first advancing having observed whereabouts in the Imperiall Left Wing now opposite to him the Crabats were marshalled and where the Curiassiers who were compleatly armed in blacke harnesse Cap á pied he cals the Finnish Colonel Stolhanshe to him as t is likely he did other Colonels as he rode along and pointing to the enemie As for those fellowes meaning the Crabats I care not for them The Kings speech of the Imperiall Curiassiers saies the King but charge me those blacke fellowes soundly for they are the men that will undoe vs. Thus much did Stolhanshe himselfe oftentimes and at table relate unto divers Gentlemen of our Nation Some of which tell the Kings words from Stolhanshes mouth this way Charge me those blacke fellowes soundly for t is prophecyed that they shall be the ruine of me But this word prophesie others confesse that they heard not The King fought at the head of the Smolanders Squadron The couragiousnesse of the King Himselfe was still the formost with his pistoll in one hand and his sword in the other and when his pistolls were discharged laying on and slashing with his sword and the enemy giving fire in his face and laying at him againe freely Some have complained that onely with the Smolanders Squadron which you shall find at the number 6. and the Ostro Gothes at the number 5. or at most the Vplanders at the number 4. did now onely advance and charge the enemy Perchance these 3. now gat the start and were something forward then the 3. Squadrons of the Ingermanlanders the West-Goths and the Finlanders whom you see in their orders and numbers 3. 2. 1. towards the end of the Wing These 3. Squadrons indeed fell not on at the same place with the King but advanced directly upon the faces of those 3. Imperiall Regiments of Curiassiers which you see right
marching up towards us in as good an order as at the first It was now very neere night and our Army not well joyned together necessitie constrain'd vs to make a stay in our owne place neere the Wind-mills which the Earle Coloredo defended valerously He being charg'd by forces incomparably much greater should have beene forc'd to quit the Mills had not his Excellency sent to his succour the Colonels Tercica and Picolomini with their Cavalry to sustaine the shocke of those Foot as in effect they did It was now upon shutting in of the Euening when the Enemy beginning afresh a round Salvee of his Cannon did notably annoy our troopes and was like to have done more harme had not the Night come on His Excellency when he least fear'd such an accident Then was hee not in his Litter as Le Soldat Suedois geeres him being now in the Front of the Regiment of Picolomini speaking with him was hurt in the left arme with a Muskett Bullet but as we may say almost miraculously since it did him no other harme then to leave a blacke and blew mark behind it His Excellency showed that day no ordinary valour riding up and downe in the Front of all the Regiments where from time to time necessitie call'd him encouraging with his presence every body to the accomplishment of their duty being accompanied by the two Princes brothers of the great Duke of Tuscany of whom the one call'd Don Francisco lost his Horse he sate on by a Cannon Bullett The Colonels Lò and Camargo dyed on the place Picolomini came off with ten Muskettado's five wherof wounded him in divers parts of the body th' other five went no further then his armour He lost foure Horses under him In these foure numbers lyes the chiefest of my Authors mis-intelligence or partialitie and three hundred of his best souldiers His Sergeant-Major two Captaines and most of his officers were hurt It is thought that of our side there dyed neere upon three thousand but a great many more wounded Of the enemies side were lost neere sixe thousand and as many more wounded it having beene the most bloody and obstinate Battell which ever hath beene fought in Germany especially in so small a number of the Imperialists which came not to twelve thousand where on the other side the Enemies Forces amounted to above twentie thousand At length the fight being ended by reason of the night his Excellency was not resolued whether he should keepe his army in that place or else to retire to Leipsich But having heard the opinion of all his greatest Officers he determined with their good liking to retire to Leipsich notwithstanding the arrivall of five Regiments * This sets the report right for both sides The Swedish say that the Pappenheimers came vp in the night and the Imperialists affirme that they came not to the Battell of Pappenheims now newly comne from Hall Because it was probable feared that thorow the wearinesse of the souldiers the number of the wounded the excessive cold and which was most materiall lest thorow want of provisions in that place the souldiers might scatter about the neighbour townes to provide themselues against their wants and in the morning if need should be none would be found ready for service Hereupon our Army after three houres in the night began to march towards Leipsich who not being able for want of Horses and Boyes who in the beginning of the Battell were either kild or hurt to cary off their Ordnance left it there in the field As the Enemy did likewise his owne * In these 2. relations of the Swedes leaving their Cannon and Gallas his ioyning he had false Intelligence But this showes that Gallas was not in the Battell marching on towards Naumburg His Highnesse sent immediately for the Baron Gallas who ioyned with him in Bennis with the forces he had He sent likewise to fetch Monsier Altringer to come to him with his men with an intent to make another grosse wherewith to goe and defeate the troopes of the Enemy which were left a-foote His Excellency now being in Frawenstein upon the Confines of Saxony and Bohemia intends from thence to goe to Prague In the beginning of the Encounter of both Armies Innocentius Bucela Camrade of Piccolomini knew the King who lay hurt and dying upon the ground Whereof having given notice to the Colonell he wâ—nt with him and ten more to see the body which was yet quivering and while they were about fetching of it away a troope of the Enemyes charging forced them to retire The noise of his death was presently scattered abroad yet beliefe was not fully given to it by reason of the relation which some prisoners made as that the King was hurt but carrried off in a close Coach following his white Standard But an Astrologer entertained by his Excellency being taken prisoner accidentally in the Battell and ransomed eight dayes after brought undoubted newes that the King was wounded with a Musket in his arme and two Pistoll bullets and falne downe dead in the field The death of the King halfe verified the Prognostication of an Astrologer named David Herlicius of Stargard in Pomerania who said some moneths before that the King should never passe over the Kiver of Elve againe which he interpreting to his benefit beleeved he should become Master of the Empire as among his Collegiates he was already reputed You have no word here of the Imperialists arrogating of the Victory to their partie and cease to returne into Swedland where is nothing else but craggy mountaines But God who disposeth all things hath made vaine the issue of that hope and given us to understand that to him alone is reserved the disposing of Empires Printed with all necessary priviledge In Lisbon By Antonio Aluarez 1633. Febr. 16. THE EXPLICATION OF THE SEVERALL LETTERS and Numbers in the Figure of the Battell of LVTZEN The Imperiall Army A VVAlensteins Right Wing of Horse B His Battell or Body of the Foot in the middle whereof is one Horse Regiment C His Right Wing of Horse D The Towne of Lutzen E The Wind-mills upon the higher ground and hills whereof he had planted some Ordnance F Three other places where he had planted Ordnance G The Gallowes H A dry Ditch or Boundary for lands which Walenstein made to serve him for a Brest-worke to lodge Muskettiers in The Kings Army I The Right Wing of the Kings Vant-guard consisting of sixe Horse Squadrons lined with five Bodies of Muskettiers This was led by the King himselfe whose place is over the letter I. K The Left Wing of the Swedish Vantgard composed of Horse and Muskettiers like the Right Wing Of this Duke Bernard had the leading whose place is right over the letter K. L The Fluss-graben M The Kings Battell or Body of his Army consisting of 8 Brigades of Foot wherof 4 were in the Van and 4 in the Reere Each Brigade hath 6 Peeces
and Vant-curryers before him to discover whither the coast were cleere or whereabouts Partees of the enemies now where And defeated But yet the King had some muskettiers that followed him though perchance they had not all this while kept pace in the march with him The Swedish falling fowle of some of Sparrs troopes was charged and rowted by them and himselfe taken prisoner He being brought unto Sparre Where 's the King saies he At hand answeres the Major What Forces brings he with him certaine troopes of Horse quoth the other Hath he no Muskettiers saies Sparre No answeres the Swede Then certainly it is the King said Sparre and hee shall presently fall into my fingers The King having heard the peeces goe off in the former conflict had doubled his march upon it and was comne so neere by this time that he met his owne men flying and the Walsteiners giuing chase unto them The King riding up 〈◊〉 his men with his drawne sword in his hand returnes their lost courages into them and them into the Battell Not many charges passed betwixt the King and the enemies Horse but that the face of the skirmish began to be altered insomuch that the Imperiall Horse and Crabats were to be briefe quite rowted and defeated The Horse of Gonzagaes Regiment play the pultrons and ranne away whereupon Gonzaga himselfe notwithstanding he be Cosin unto the Empresse was at his comming to the Campe cashiered by the Generalissimo for all that he cleered himselfe to have beene forsaken by his Regiment and to have beene the last man that stood to it The 500. Muskettiers making their retreate into a small wood or groave there at hand held the King and his men play a great season Very good use made they of the wood which is farre more advantageous for shot then either for Horse or Pikemen But the Kings Dragooners alighting with their Muskets and his Horsemen round besetting the said wood discouraged by and by and overthrew the Walsteiners Sparre himselfe was taken prisoner 600. of his men were slaine upon the place and divers more drowned and buried alive in the river and moorish places thorow which they thought to have escaped Sparre had now quitted his Horse and hid himselfe in a bush in the said thicket Sparre taken prisoner Him a Swedish common souldier thus light vpon The Swede perceiuing a gallant empty horse standing tied up thereby with a goodly embroydered saddle upon his backe iudges him to belong to some brave Cavalier of the enemies and goes out to find him He was told by a Horse-boy a Walsteiner then taken and threatned that it was Sparres horse whom he presently directed the Swede unto He had a rich and massie gold chaine about his necke of which the souldier first disrobing him reacht him a good rude brush over the shoulders with the stocke of his Musket and so brought him prisoner to the King Ha Monsieur Sparre saith the King I see you loue me so well that you cannot finde in your heart to be long away from me Sparre being brought prisoner into Norimberg was faine to take Sperma Câ—ti for the bruise that the rough souldier gaue him With him was his Lieftenant-Colonel Tertaky likewise taken together with 4. Captaines divers Officers and above 100. common souldiers Three Corners were then obtained and a Ensignes as for the rest the Ancients had slipt them off from their Flagge-stoves The losses on both sides and then runne away with thorn The King rewarded each of those souldiers that presented him the Colours with 100. Dollars The losses on the Kings side where not many but among them was Colonell Ries slaine who belonged unto one of the Dukes of Saxon-Weâ—mar â—oye a Swedish Gentleman lost there his life and Yâ—â—cker Crâ—â—â—â—enstein that waited upon the King in his Chamber This done the King the same night returned towards his League causing a most solemne Thankesgiving to be made unto the God of Battells for this double victory The Swedes after the taking of this Frâ—yeâ—sâ—at flow out as farre as Hâ—â—mburg some 9. or 10. English miles to the East of Burgâ—an where the last encounter hapned This towne and the Castle to it they now take in by which helpe was all the coast on that side indifferently well cleered so that the Walstriâ—â—â—s being defeated of their intended Quartering place in those parts the Swedes roave freely up and downe as farre as Amberg Generall-Major Sparre Sparres examination and confession being once againe the Kings prisoner was strictly and upon oath examined what he knew of his Generalls purposes He confessed that they had no other plot upon the King then by famine to compell him to a treaty After this victory there for a while passed nothing of moment betweene the two Armies The pettier skirmishes betweene commanded Partees abroad or the continued night-alarmes upon one anothers Camps or Guards at home I list not to stand upon The mortality in Towne and Leaguers With the same silence would I haue passed over the diseases and fluxes both of the Towne and Leaguers notwithstanding that by midde August there dyed 1000. and 1400. a weeke of it had not his Majestie the King of Bohemia beene at this time troubled with it The running away of men on either side I omit None are so well prouided against this noysomenesse as the Crabats who will eate you whole handfulls of raw Onyons Garlicke as familiarly as an Italian wrings downe sallets or we apples as if they meant to out-stincke the carrion and their owne Quarters The many dead horses which by this beginning of August came to some thousands in both Leaguers and which to the horrible noysomnesse of the Quarters where they lay vnburied daily more and more encreased or diminished rather I would not haue offended you with but to shew you how it was possible for these two great Armies to be reduced to such small numbers notwithstanding so few of them were in fight killed Leaving these particulars I shall for want of other action here impart an Oration of the King of Swedens on the first of August made unto the Officers of his Army then which Speech I desire no other Character of the King of Sweden nor no other Interpreter of the Heroicke Iustice of his great intentions The occasion was this A complaint of the Norimbergers unto his Maiestie how that their lands and territories had as ill beene plundered and destroyed by those of the Kings owne Army as by the enemies Calling hereupon the Officers great and small of his whole Army together he with the vivacity and passion of an Orator wherein he was excellent as well as with the authority of a King uttered a most pathetick Oration before them of which no more but this Extract hath comne within my Intelligence Yee Lords and Gentlemen The Kings Oration against plunderers You partly are some of those numbers that have shewed themselves unfaithfull and disloyall
our April at which time by order from the King of Sweden they were reduced unto 2. Regiments The first was of the English over whom was Sir William Bellendine a Scottish Gentleman made Colonell and Captaine Terret Lieftenant-Colonell They had order to enquarter at Blanckenburg in the little County of Regenstein due South of Halberstat Of the Scottish Regiment was Sir Alexander Hamilton made Colonell who was sent to lye at Warningeroda in the same County within 2. Dutch miles of the English are taken on by Duke William Weymar Here lay they both Regiments untill they were drawne out by order from Duke William to goe with him to dis-engage the King from before Norimberg To meete with Duke William they first by a South-Easterly march goe thorow the County of Mansfeld unto Hall where they peec't in with 2. Regiments of Foote more the Blue Regiment whereof Rosse is Colonell and the Greene Regiment led by Colonel Wardure With these came 4. Foote-Companies of Colonell Mitzvall Governour of Rain in Bavaria and a Regiment of Horse commanded by Colonell Wedels The way of their march to him first Thence goe they to Lutzen in Misnia where the Battell was after fought and so to Zeitz where they first found Duke William with some few troopes of Horse and Foote which were indeed but some odde Squadrons of his owne guards Thence goe they to Altemburg where they stayd two or three dayes being well entertayned by the Duke of Altemburg Thence goe they something backe againe to Grea on the River Elster where they tarryed two dayes more and thence to Greventall on the edge of the Duringer-waldt Crossing the said great Forest at first to the Southward they then turne to Hilperhausen a towne of the Duke of Saxon-Coburgs on the other side of the wood And with him to the Chancellor Oxenstiern afterwards in Franconia In the field hereabouts the Army quartered some 8. or 10. dayes the Duke of Saxon-Coburg sending them some barrels of powdred Venison Hither came there another Regiment of Duke Williams levied among the Boores his owne subiects But these Boores were sent backe all but 400. which were ioyned in a Brigade with Colonel Hindersons Dragooners that were then a raising Hither also came 5. Regiments from the Elector of Saxony Two of Horse over both which the Baron of Hoffkirch was Major-Generall one of them being his owne and the other the Prince of Anhalts The other three were Foote-Regiments 2. of their Colonels being Vitzdumb and Potlitz whose Lieftenant Bosen had the Regiment after him Duke Williams whole strength These made up Duke Williams 6. Brigates of Foote compleate numbers The first Brigade was made up of the 2. Regiments of our nation 8. Dutch companies being put to them that is 4. of Mitzvalls and 4. of Steinbocks This Brigade was commanded by one Colonel one day and by to'ther another day The second and third Brigades were the Blew and Greene before mentioned The fourth was of the new levied Boores of Duke Williams and the fifth and sixth were of the Elector of Saxonyes 600 Muskettiers being put to them Besides all these there was a Squadron of almost 600 men which went for a weake Regiment These altogether might make up some 8000 strong Of Horse forces had he first his owne Regiment secondly Generall Baniers Regiment commanded by Isler that was his Leiftenant-Colonel which two Regiments made up some twentie Cornets besides two companies of Dragooners belonging to Grimes and Lather two Scottish Captaines The Dragooners ryde like Horsemen but they fight on foot From Hilperhausen went the Army to Kunigshoven and thence to Schweinfurt upon the Mayne where the Duke entrenched Hence was a Partee of 500 Muskettiers sent to plunder a little towne some halfe a-dayes march from Schweinfurt whence they returned with good Booty Here stayd the Army some 10 or 14 dayes and the Chancellor Oxenstiern and the Landgrave of Hessen being now about Wurtsburg All this Relation of Duke Williams received I from Leiftenant-Colonell Terret Captaine Feilding and Captaine Legg then present in the Action the two Armyes about August 10th mooved one towards another and met about Kitzing upon the Mayne due East of Wurtsburg altogether encamping on the Easterne side of the river next unto Norimberg Thence after foure or fiue dayes goe they Southerly towards Winshaim on the river Aisch mid-way betwixt which Kitzing and Winshaim marching by Generall Baniers and Duke Bernard of Saxon Weymars Quarters whose forces joyn'd with them at Winshaim And their march out of Bavaria turne we backe againe to bring up untill this their joyning with the other Armyes The King at his last comming out of Bavaria left the Generall Banier with an Army about Auspurg whose businesse was to observe the Bavarians and to keepe the new Conquest in as good order as the enemies would let him The two Brothers of Saxon-Weymar William and Bernard were left with an Army on the out side of Bavaria about Memmingen in Schwabland who with Sir Patrick Ruthven were to looke to Ossa the Leopoldish and the Imperialists in that Circle those namely already in the countrey betwixt the Lech the Danubye and the Bodensee The Story of Duke Bernard and Banier since the Kings comming out of Bavaria or which were in the Dukedome of Wirtemberg or Alsatia who were still Masters of that corner of Germany Their chiefe Leaders were Ossa both Generall and Commissary for those parts Eggon Count of Furstenberg and Hannibal Count of Hohen-Ems which two having no Army nor Military Commission from the Emperour that I heare of did but labour by raising the Boores their Tenants and neighbours to keepe their own Lands quiet Hohen-Ems his at the South end of the Bodensee and Furstenberg his The rest of the Actions of this corner shall be spoken off in Gustavus Horns Story beyond the Bodensee and the Schwartz-waldt betwixt Wirtemberg-land and Alsatia towards the Rhine-streame In Alsatia the Emperours two Generals were William called Marquesse of Baden and the Count of Monte Cuculi of all which we shall speake in their order That Duke Bernard after the taking of the Towne of * The Maps write Isne or Ine and Isnau Isnau among the mountaines towards the Bodensee had also taken the Count of Hohen-Ems prisoner in his owne Castle by Bregentz and the Bodensee we have partly told you Page 172 of our Second Part. This done while Sir Patrick Ruthven and Colonel Schavalitzi were employed on the Wirtemberger side of Vlm and the Danubye the Imperialists as Page 179 we there told you were busie about Ehingen To that towne his brother William being now gone to take on the Scottish and English turnes Duke Bernard Duke Bernard takes Ehingen Saterday Iune 23 came hee before the Ports those breakes hee open with a Petard and by sound of trumpet after his entry commanding the towns-men to avoyd the slaughter by taking them to their Houses he puts
150 souldiours to the sword who had before surprized the Swedish Officers Whilest Duke Bernard was thus in action about the Danuby the Leopoldish forces were as busie about the Lech sixtie English miles to the South-East of this Ehingen There about the 20th of Iune reprise they Fuessen first and Schonga afterwards the Towns-men befriending them Thence advance they more Northernly towards Ansburg infesting all places about Landsperg where the Citizens also admit them They by night surprize the Cloyster of Munsgrett and there put a troope of Swedish Horse to the sword making the Captaine prisoner The Bavaria Major-Generall * For Altringer was now Bavariaes Felt-Marshall Cratz in the beginning of Iuly recovers Munchen againe and the fifth of the same moneth by the invitation of the Townes-men are some troopes of his admitted into Friedberg within five English miles of Ausburg Generall Banier had till now beene employed towards Tirole Iune 16 hee went from Ausburg with foure Regiments and twentie Peeces of Canon Then besieged he Winegarten which was taken on Sunday Iuly 8th before which himselfe in person was upon occasion of Cratz his comming so neere Ausburg sent for backe againe His Army upon the taking of Winegarten made those of the Imperiall Townes of Wangen and Ravensperg flee into Bregentz Lindaw on the Bodensee was sorely now frighted and the Army should have gone further to stop up the passages in the Alps of Tirole to keepe the Italian Aydes out of Germany The particulars of all which I for brevitie here omit He being now return'd to Ausburg hearing of this perfidiousnesse of the Friedbergers sends the very next day Friday Iuly the sixth to reprise the Towne againe The gates are blowne open and the Bavarians cut in peeces just as they had done to seventy Swedish in the Towne which were layd there as the Safe-guards of it And to make the Townes-mens false-heartednesse an example to the rest the Swedish putting the women and children out of the towne burnt it quite downe to ashes By this time is Duke Bernard return'd from Ehingen against these people of the Arch-Duke Leopolds Comming neere Landsperg the Citizens fearing to be served like those of Friedberg meete and present their Keyes unto the Duke on their knees begging their lives of him The same doe they of Schonga the Leopoldish still voyding the countrey before his comming They still retiring up the Lechs side Duke Bernards defeating of the Leopoldish Forces to Rosshaupten there the Dukes men were too quicke for them for lighting there-abouts upon two troopes of Dragooners and one of Carabines the Weymarish killed some thirtie of them and rowted the rest into Fuessen and recovering of townes from them upon the Lech At the heeles of them the Duke now followes and his summons to the Towne being refused he presently carryes it by Petards and Scaladoes Here were 1500 men of Altringers old Regiment in garrison 300 of which being in the heate of slaughter cut off the rest flung downe their Armes and gave up their names to serve under the Dukes Ensignes Here was Altringers brother in law taken with the Lord of Diederickstein and other Officers Here the Duke passing over the Lech surprises three Forts betwixt the Townes of Ernberg in the mountaines and Reutte upon the river Lech into which the Duke having put good garrisons returnes his Army over the Lech againe and advances towards Donawert This was about the 24 of Iuly by which time there had a new command comne to Banier and him to hasten towards Norimberg The State they left Bavaria in And they were by this time at indifferent good leisure Now had Banier recovered Munchen and chased Cratz out of the Countrey and now too had Duke Bernard well cleered the Lech of the Leopoldish So that leaving the countrey well garrison'd and Sir Patrick Ruthven to guard the rest they now begin to draw together towards Donawert and so to march into the Bishopricke of Aichstet and by that into Franconia In the beginning of our August the two Generalls put themselues upon their march going first unto Weissenburg 20. English miles North of Donawert Cratz knew his old Quarter and hereabouts and at Wiltsburg Castle hard by Weissenburg offered he to make some opposition But this came to so little * Either for not doing enough here or in Bavaria did this Cratz I heare fall into Walensteins displeasure for which he was as I haue heard imprisoned This is sure that after this time I haue read of nothing done by Cratz but by Fugger Altringer and Monte Cuculi that other writings make no mention of it Now were Banier and Duke Bernard within 30. English miles of Norimberg had they gone I meane the neerest way to it But this they durst not venture for besides that they were not strong enough to have marched thorow the countrey every where infested with the Walsteiners they had beene farre to weake too have passed by his great leaguer Here therefore they begin to alter their course of marching so that turning faces about to the left they make towards the other Swedish Armies in Franconia The way they tooke was along the Forrest in which Guntzenhausen standeth Thence advancing to the North-ward they come to Rotenburg and so by Kregling to Rotingen their Army August the 14. meeting with the Chancellors and the rest besides Vffenhaim as we have before told you With Baniers Army came there a noble young Gentleman of our Nation Master William Harvey onely sonne to the Lord Harvey who now vpon his returne from a three yeeres travell in Ierusalem Constantinople Italy c. meeting with the Armies had a generous ambition to see the action at Norimberg where he heard so famous a King to be engaged Munday August the 13. did Oxenstierns Army passe Kitzing bridge They ioyne with Oxenstiern and that night peect it with Duke William August 14. came Duke Bernard and Banier to them August 15. they went but 2. English miles whence the next day to Neustat on the Aisch The Walsteiners that had before taken up all the Posts and Passages of this countrey retyred still before them towards their Generalissimo August 17. The Swedish encamped not far from Hertzog-Aurach which the K. for their commodity had t'other day made himself master of There may be an error of a day or twoes time in the Iournalls of these Armies which every Reader would not have observed But I will deceiue them no further then I my selfe am deceiued Aug. 18. they advance to Bruck 10. miles North of Norimberg where the small river Aurach falls into the Rednitz On the Westerne side of which river the towne standing on the East the Armies entrench for 2. or 3. daies building up Batteries and Redoubts in this neerenesse of the enemy Hither came the King himselfe and overviewed the Armie as it was drawne up into Battaglia which he found to be 26000. marching men all fresh and
lusty They were 12. Brigades of Foote besides commanded Muskettiers but of the Horse I have no certaintie The Imperialists hauing here broken downe the bridge the King causeth it to be repaired over which August the 20. in the euening the Army marched entrenching the same night before Bruck Now were 3. Regiments sent over to take up the passage at Furt which were the English the Blue and the Greene Regiments who there entrenching themselues Major-Generall Kniphausen came to commaund over them A solemne day of praier being had in the Swedish Leaguer for the happy ioyning and good successe of the Armies the King quitting his Trenches about Norimberg came the 21. Altogether ioyning with the King before Walensteins Trenches of August to meete the Chancellors Army they likewise advancing to meete him ioyned both Armies together about 12. or one a clocke the selfe same Tuesday All then being drawne up into Battaglia before the enemies Trenches stood there all that day to make a Brave upon him And thus haue I concluded this long digression for bringing up of all the Kings forces to him which if the Readers censure for too long an interuption from the Kings Storie I must in stead of answering craue a faire pardon of them And yet to say something towards a Reason Besides that it had beene pitty to have lost all their Stories I knew not on the sudden how to drop all these Armies out of the cloudes into the Kings Leaguer nor how bluntly and all at once to shoote them in an Engine as farre as Norimberg and therefore have I brought them faire and softly upon their feete all the way out of their severall Stations Now was the King resolued to bring the whole cause to a day of hearing and that as loud as the Cannons could roare it He was now full 36000. men in field though not all then in Battaglia The King of Bohemia by this time well recovered of his Leaguer-sicknesse was in the field with him The fight described August 21. both the Kings being desirous to tempt the enemy out of his Campe into faire Campagnia fully purposed if that offer were refused to set upon him in his Trenches And so might they if they pleased Walenstein would not budge a foote out of his Quarters On the Norimberg side of his Trenches therefore the King casts up three great Batteries and from thence plaid incessantly into Walensteins Quarters he thundering as furiously upon them againe The Swedish Muskettiers going neerer the Trenches were with small shot answered from them againe but neither small nor great shot did much harme upon one another sauing onely that Generall Banier going too neere to view a worke received a Musket bullet in the left arme above the elbow where it was left sticking The next day the King caused some greater peeces of Ordnance to be mounted upon his Batteries some of which shot 21. August 22. pound ball and some 42. Walenstein answering with some that shot 48. These roared upon one another for a great time together but the Kings plainely did little spoile upon the enemies The Walsteiners wisely withdrew themselues out the beate and raking of the Swedish Ordnance which were after the making of 700. shot perceived to doe more execution on the earth and trees then upon the enemies Now was it with perspective glasses to be discerned from off the Kings Batteries that there was scarce a Walsteiner to be seene stirring For this reason the King causeth his Ordnance to be dismounted not willing to smoake away so much powder in squibs nor to doe no more then plowe vp the ground with the grazing of so many bullets of that weight and height meerely shot off at an empty randome Yet one shot let me not omit because the King made it The King as t is written spying in the morning with his perspectiue from one of his Batteries a gallant Cavalier mounted and prancing before his Companies that surely saith the King should be either Walenstein or Altringer and have at him Causing therefore a peece to be traversed and bent full upon him the King tooke his levell and bade giue fire to it Vp into the aire flew the Cavalier horse and man but it proved to be but a Colonell The King having dismounted his owne Cannon and given order to haue the Norimbergers drawne out into the Trenches about the Towne he that day and the next passes the most part of his Army over the river Rednitz a little aboue Furt before named His purpose in it was to possesse himselfe of a certaine hill thereby by advantage whereof hee hoped assuredly either to batter out or beate out the enemy from his Quarters This done the 24. of our August being Saint Bartholomewes day was resolued upon for the generall onset The same 23. of August fell there out a skirmish on the further side of the Rednitz betwixt the Crabats and the Kings people at which whilest amongst other Gentlemen Master William Harvey before named was desirous to be present he was most unfortunately drowned in passing ouer the river A Gentleman he was who might one day haue merited a place in our owne Chronicles for few young Sparkes were there among the Nobility of any Nation either finelier made up more gentilely bred or more completely improued Nor is this more then a moderate Laudative of him for so say they that could iudge him very great therefore is the losse of such a Sonne to his honourable Parents but greater will be the want of such as he to his Native Countrey Walenstein perceiuing the Kings intention he the better to assure his Cannon and Ammunition retired himselfe into the Forest called Altemberg which belongeth unto the Marquesse of Onspach Here could he make use likewise of a certaine old Fortresse which had beene a Lodge or some such like thing in the younger dayes of it Here likewise did he very strongly entrench himselfe and barricadoed up all the wayes by cutting downe the trees round about him The hill was high and very steepe craggie withall and bushie so that it was an impossible thing almost to be taken from an enemy that had any courage to dispute it The Duke of Bavariaes Quarters as it hapned were at that time neerest to the King and the danger and among his men the Canon bullets mostly lighted The great fight August 24. Bartholmew day being comne the worke was begun with Prayers for the happy successe of it So the King of Sweden still used nor thought he himselfe either arm'd or valiant till he had prayed That morning about nine a clocke was there a certaine Footman or Lackey of Altringers brought prisoner to the King who as by pregnant circumstances was afterwards collected had beene purposely exposed by the enemy to be taken prisoner by us This slye fellow very confidently informed the King How that the most part of Walensteins Horse had already forsaken their Quarters and were about to runne
Cronenberg with his Regiment of 12. Cornets of Horse esteemed the flower of the Army at this time falling out was rencountred by Colonel * This Colonel Stolhanshe a Finlander by nation was sometimes servant vnto Sir Patrick Ruthven and he speakes excellent good English Stolhanshe with 200. of his Finnish Horsemen who so well entertained the Cronbergers that they put them to the rowte yea and so farre pursued them till they came under the command of the Shot from the enemies rampiers and that other troopes of fresh Horse sallyed out upon them It was beleeved among the Swedish that Cronenberg was there mortally wounded but besides that I have since read of him in other actions he was seene by some Gentlemen of our owne Nation in the Imperiall Leaguer a day or two after It hath by others beene related to mee That whereas the Count of Erpach a Colonell of the Kings was that day mortally wounded upon the place and carryed off spoyled the King meeting Sir Iohn Hepburn in the Field desired him to make good the Count of Erpachs Post which hee performed The night beginning now to approach must of necessitie put an end to that skirmish and yet it appeared by the eagernesse of the Swedish that they had not yet enough of it Still they continued to ply their small and great shot and to offer to skale the mountaine and rampiers of the enemies The same resolutenesse was also maintained by the Imperialists the defendants budging not a foot from their Stations and nothing behind hand with the Assaylants But that great Moderator and Stickler in all long encounters the Night was faine at last to decide the controversie And so began both sides to fall off one from another having lost their sights rather then their courages And thus was there a true drawne Battell made of it for the darknesse being but a blind Vmpire could not see to which party to assigne the Victory The Swedes indeed lost their hopes and the Imperialists kept their ground The Swedish for all their magnanimous undertakings could not drive the Imperialists to the retreat or beate up their Quarters nor could they much lesse compell the Kings forces to give it over The Horse except some few troopes could not come to fight the wood and hill not suffering them to encounter which had they done needs must the businesse have had a further progresse The whole night after did those Muskettiers that were left upon the hill continue to giue fire upon those that defended the old Castle It prooved a very wet night and the King lay in his Coach under heavens open Canopy There was a fire made hard by him upon the wet earth which the raine suffered not well to burne about which the Kings servants and officers tooke up souldiours lodgings Sir Iohn Hepburn being also laid amongst them The King by breake of day wakening and being very cold and wet called unto his servants to know if there were any of his Officers of the Field amongst them They told him none but Sir Iohn Hepburne who was but a Voluntier at that present Him now the King desired to goe to those Muskettiers on the hill and to view their posture and to see withall whither there might be any neere place discovered where there might be Ordnance planted to batter upon the old Castle He going found how these poore soules lay all open to the enemies shot from the wast upwards and that the Imperialists had two places of Covert one above another for their shelter that is to say one above upon the hill and another Parapett or Brest-worke lower whence they let flye upon the Swedish He there found where by casting up a little earth the Kings people might approach within fiftie paces of the Castle and mount foure peeces of Canon to batter upon it Sir Iohn Hepburn had order also at his going from the King to go call Duke Bernard to him and in the mean time to command his troopes Hee comming from his view met Duke Bernard and did his message to him who told him that he should not need to goe to his troopes for that he had left them with the Count of Isenburg The Duke also requested of Sir Iohn that whilest he went to the King he would doe him the fauour to goe and bring his brother Duke William unto his Majestie But Duke William was gone to the King before so that when Sir Iohn Hepburn returned to the Coach he perceived that they with some great personages having beene in counsell together Whither it were best to retreat or not the Retreat had beene agreed upon Thus when Sir Iohn Hepburn reported to the King how neere to the Castle he might bring foure Canons I had rather sayes the King there could have beene a place found within 500 paces then within 50 which would be safer for my people Hereupon was order given for the retreat and to draw off the Muskettiers who came running off presently And thus much of the passages of this morning have I learned from the courtesie of this Noble Warriour The most of the rest had I out of a long Latine Letter written by the Baron * The Letter was written unto his Brother Sir Benedict Skute then in London who imparted it unto mee They are Sonnes unto the Lord Skute Governour of Livonia for the Crowne of Sweden three times Ambassadour into England of Dudroff then present in the action and from a High Dutch Relation written by an understanding Officer of the Army And indeed it was high time for the King to sound the retreat and much better had it beene that a Charge had never beene sounded It was almost an impossible thing to get up that mountaine and Sir Iohn Hepburn amongst others freely advised the King the day before That the action was not faisible And by this time it was made much harder The Imperialists against this morning had brought on more great Peeces upon their Batteries which must sorely have disordered the Swedish in their advancing The mountaine Castle and Fort were all by this time better'd mann'd then the day before and the Imperialists being extremely encouraged that the irresistible Swedish Armies had not already overcomne them were sufficiently now provided to entertaine them But the King having attempted thus much chiefely to put a Brave upon Walenstein began now to think of the mens lives that were to be cast away upon it So that having experience by this time that the enemy being likely to dispute it would certainely kill and spoile him more men then possibly he could doe of theirs thought it no great wisedome to consume too much time where there was but small appearance of getting over-much honour Order is therefore given to have the Ordnance taken off their Batteries and that the Muskettiers yet in action as also those that had beene laid in ambush below the hill together with those Horse-troopes which stood ready at all assayes to waite upon
the motions of the enemy should come away And this was the order of the Retreat The Reere marcht off first of all and whilest they turne faces about to goe homewards the Van and Battell stood their ground as ready to receive the enemy The order of the Retreat When the Reere was comne to their place of Stand they there made Halt facing about againe to the enemy Whilest they stood the Battell marched observing in all points the order and discipline of the Reere When they make a Stand the Van advances the Wing of Horse afore spoken of at the same time moving and flancking them Three hundred Muskettiers with some Cornets of Horse were left behind to manne the Reere and to make good the Retreat in case the enemy which he did not should have falne out upon them And in this goodly order and equipage which was a very beautifull sight to behold was the Retreat made all done in Battaglia as if they had even then advanced into the Field to have charged the enemy Soone was the Army in their new Quarters which were not farre from the foresaid mountaine For now was the King resolued to entrench himselfe close unto the enemy choosing the place for his new Leaguer The King encampeth hard by the Imperialists neere unto Furt iust without the Forest yea so neere unto Walensteins trenches that some one of his greater Peeces would haue rang'd her bullet even to the very Quarter Early the next morning August 26. was the new Campe begunne to be fortified that is upon the open side of it the backe-part being sufficiently assured by the woods And now might the Generalissimo if he pleased have done as much for the King as he had attempted upon his trenches These had beene his advantages His Leaguer was already fortified but the Kings Works not perfected for some dayes after He out his higher ground might overlooke the Kings Quarters and see every motion in it The Kings Campe was in a faire Campagnia and therefore accessible nor was there any thing in the way to have hindered the Imperialists from falling into the Swedish Leaguer Two or three dayes after the end of the great rencounter were the prisoners and dead on both sides ransomed and exchanged Monsieur de la Grange the French Ambassadour was sent from the King into the enemies Leaguer who returned with many prisoners telling his Majesty of many things likewise unto the hearing whereof but few were admitted Major-Generall Sparre was not onely set at libertie by the King but employed also by him unto Walenstein with the prisoners He made likewise some generall overtures of a peace in which he had desired of the King that he might use his owne liberty In lieu of Major Sparre was Colonel Leonard Tortenson Generall of the Kings Artillery freely set at liberty by the Generalissimo and that with a great complement to the King as we haue before told you As for Colonell Erich-Hand a Swede he was to stay in the Imperiall Leaguer till his wounds were cured In the Bill of the prisoners that was sent from the Imperialists unto the King were there many names read whose persons were no where to be found among the Captives The Prisoners by which they were giuen for dead In this former Action were these men of account slaine on the Kings side The Count of Erpach who died of his wounds dead Generall-Major Boetius a brave man and Lieftenant Colonell Scepter Of Duke Williams men slaine Lieftenant-Colonel Mackin Vnder the Landtgrave of Hessen slaine Rit-master Maurice of Malsburg with Rit-master Craisham brother to the Marshall of his Maiesties Army Of the English and Scottish divers whose names I have not and wounded on the Kings side Divers other Captaines Lieftenants Ensignes and other inferior Officers there lost their lives with 7. or 800. common souldiers none of whose bodies fell into the hands of the enemies There was found sticking in the body of one of his Maiesties Guards a bullet of three pound weight Wounded on the Kings side the Counts of Eberstein Cassel and Thurne with Erich-Hand Rotstein and Bourt all Colonels together with divers other Captaines Rit-masters and other Officers Of common souldiers were there some 1500. which were brought into the Hospitals of Norimberg On the Imperiall side lost 3. Ensignes Slaine the Lord Iames Fugger Colonell of 1000. Curiassiers or Men at Armes This Lord being deadly wounded and brought prisoner into Norimberg there expired He being demanded what he knew of Walensteins intentions answered as some report it that he meant to keepe himselfe in the guard hee then lay at and to wage battell no otherwise then in that posture But some other report this way of his last words That calling for drinke he should say t' is no time to dissemble now Walenstein will assault you Which said he dranke and dyed Said to be slaine besides Colonel Aldobrandino Colonell Dom Maria de Caraffa with 5. Colonels more though some Gentlemen of our Nation passing next day thorow the Campe affirmed that they spake with some of them These things must be knowne from the prisoners who being about 60. in number perchance knew not all the Imperialists having wit enough to conceale their owne losses Those of the Swedish side reported it from the prisoners that there should have beene slaine about 1000. Walsteiners which upon such disadvantages in the fight I thinke not to be likely The Corps of the dead Lord Fugger being sent into the Imperiall Leaguer the souldiers that carried him had 25 Dollars given them My Dutch Officer reports me a pretty story of a complement or an allegeance rather betwixt an humble bullet and the K. namely how that a piece of the sole of his Maiesties boote neere unto the great toe of his right foot was carryed away with a Shot This bullet knew his duty for a King should be toucht no higher all are to stoope thither Both he and the Swedish Lords Letter agree that the Imperiall Generalissimo had his Horse that day shot dead under him whereas others then in the action bid me be confident That Walenstein all that day stirred not so far out of his Pavilion Sure it is that Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar had a horse slaine under him and that his behaviour all that fight was beyond all expectation valiant Walenstein t is written having false notice brought him in the heate of the fight that the old Castle was taken answered with an oath That he would not beleeue that there was a God in Heauen if that Castle could possibly be taken from him This the prisoners reported And thus have I finished this most memorable conflict Turne we to other actions of lesse moment done neere the Leaguer The King not able either to dislodge Walenstein nor to bring him into Campagnia The King labouring to cut off Walsteins victualls cast about in the next place how to put another Brave upon him the same too
and made the Foragers glad to goe home without that which they had laboured for Thence goe the Crabats to Lauff 2. leagues East of Norimberg putting themselues there into ambush to entrap some Swedish Convoyes It chanc't that a good company of Wagons and loden horses passed by shortly after from about Rotenberg 4. miles to the North of Lauff The Crabats falling out upon the Booty cut in pieces both the Wagon-drivers and their guards and vouchsafing to turne Carters themselues they drive the Wagons towards Engelthal It hapned that there were divers Bidets or Saddle-horses of some of the Kings owne Gentlemen that went lier by now sent for from grasse for that the King was about remoouing The Gentlemen hearing how likely they were to serue on foote petitioned the King for a speciall Partee to make out after these Crabats that had vnhorst thē The King himselfe would needs do his Gētlemen the service to go out with the Partee guessing at their haunt the King advances towards the same Engelthall The King defeates some Crabates whereabouts as lucke was then finding them He kills 100. upon the place recovers all the Wagons with his mens Horses and some other pillage besides which the Crabats had there hoarded up into the bargaine The King having an item a little after this of 20. Cornets Imperiall Horse that purposed to goe from Forcheim to spoyle Grefenberg a towne of the Norimbergers some 18. miles North of the City goes with the King of Bohemia to have a course at these Imperialists But they having notice of it had no desire to stay and kisse the 2. Kings hands but recommended their safeties to their spurres and escaped by good Horseman-ship The King presently upon this had a designe to have put Duke Bernard with a good part of his and Baniers Army into and about the towne of Liecthenaw not farre from Onspach which belonged unto the Norimbergers Walenstein as we told you in the beginning had offered before at the taking of this towne but had beene put besides it It was kept by one Scheverlin a Patricius or City-Gentleman of Norimberg His feare now fore-dooming that because the King had not beene able to dislodge Walenstein that therefore he was too weake for him Walenstein gets Liechtenaw delivers over his trust unto the enemies of his Country when as no apparent but a suspected necessity drew it from him The losse of this towne and Passe shrewdly defeated the Kings projects helpt to make him what Scheverlin had suspected him the unabler to remooue Walenstein For now besides the victualls found in the towne Walensteins other provisions out of those parts came the freelyer into his Leaguer the most of which the King might haue cut off could he but haue formed an Army thereabouts Other smaller bickerings betweene commanded Partees of both Armies I purposely omit for that these petty particulars doe lesse concerne a generall History And now the King perceiving that all these slighter encounters would not doe the great businesse and that it now proved true which had so often beene confessed to him namely that Walenstein most firmely was with himselfe resolued to tyre him out with the expectation of a Battell and that he would upon no other termes accept of the encounter then such as with extremity of disadvantage he should be enforced unto iudges it his best course to leave the sullen or temporising Generall in the fastnesse of his Trenches seeing he would not be trained out unto a Field-Battell For point of action and honour the King conceiued himselfe to be before-hand with his adversary seeing he had so often bidden him base at his owne gole and that the Lyon-couchant would not out of his Denne no further then he were rowsed Carefull The Kings reasons for his rising from about Norimberg besides this of the State of the good City of Norimberg his Maiesty was which his late encreased Army had overcharged his sicke men and dead horses both pestered and infected His owne Army began a-pace likewise to deminish he had lost at least 10. or 12000. horses I haue heard more the rest for want of forage being likely enough to follow His men withall grew thinner every day and thinner for what with those that had beene slaine with the sword or dead of the fluxe and other diseases and what with those that were wounded taken prisoners or had runne away he missed full 10000. of his old Army His Quarters grew very nastie and noysome with the multitudes of dead horses which lay where they fell vnburied The rest of his Army wanted ayring and refreshing no enemy being so terrible to brave spirits or so weakning to able bodies as the long lying in one place and the ordinary diseases of a Winter-Leaguer Resolued likewise he was to doe as much for the Imperialists as they had done for him to cut off namely their provisions from them and that part of it especially with which their Leaguer had beene served out of the Bishopricke of Aichstet His Partees he resolued should flye abroad euery where for the same purpose his Army he was minded to encrease with new levies and with them to fall into some of the Emperors or Catholicke-Leaguers lands and so to force up Walenstein by a diversion Some have disputed it with themselues Whither the King should not have done better for himselfe to have risen long before this so soone namely as he was made able to get away by the comming of the Chancellor to him with the other Armies Then surely had he saved a great sort of men and horses and sooner had He gone sooner must the Generalissimo have dislodged When the matter was put to be decided upon a Carpett Whither it were best for the King to rise or no The chiefe hinderance of the resolution was the Kings care for the safetie of the Norimbergers who were indeed very fearefull of themselves that so soone as He were gone they should be besieged But in that care the King was eased by his Major Kniphausen who offered it upon the forfeiture of his head to keepe the towne with 4000 men in despight of all the enemies How the King contented the Norimbergers concerning his rising The King taking him at his word sent him into the towne to propose the conditions unto the Magistrates and to know what they would doe in it The conditions were That they should give Quarter and stipends unto the Souldiours left for the guard of them That they should take downe the old great Leaguer and contract it so as with 4000 men it might bee made defensible The Magistrates though something fearefull at first yet so well did Kniphausens arguments content them that they came out to treate with the King about it He told them that they might safely relye upon Kniphausen he had upon His knowledge fought in a village and he knew he would doe much more in so well a fortified City His Maiesty besides told them
were of those that should have relieved Lauff And these t is said the King at one a clocke at night falling upon cut off a great many tooke 50. prisoners of them the rest saving themselues in Rotenberg But I suppose both these to have bin but one action for that the taking of 2. Colours is mentioned in each of them and then I am sure the first first relation is the truer for that it was told me by a very understanding Gentleman at the same time with Kniphausen and very familiar with him in the Actions both of Norimberg Lauff and Herschbruck This done the King October 15. betwiÈt 5. and 6. in the euening returned againe into Norimberg And thus had the King once againe cleered all the townes of the Iurisdiction of the Norimbergers So that having vnblockt Norimberg and unblockt the City immediately resolues upon returning to the rest of his Army in Franconia and so thorow Duringen into Saxony And for that himselfe was likely to have more use of his forces against Walenstein then any employment the Norimbergers had for them he takes with him those 3. Foote-Regiments of Kniphausen Gerstorff and Rosse which at his first going to Neustat he had sent unto the City for their safeguards These Regiments with those other 3. that were following out of Bavaria might make up some 6000. compleate and about that number of Foote had Duke Bernard in his Army Both together might make up some 6500. Horse And this was the Kings whole strength and after the largest reckoning too in the day of the great Battell of Lutzen The King October 17. taking his last leave of the Norimbergers goes himselfe with Steinbocks old Convoy to follow Duke Bernards Army his owne men He goes towards Duke Bernards Army both those that came out of Bavaria and those that were now drawne out of Norimberg following as fast as they could after October 19 the King came to Kitzing upon the Mayn 40. English miles to the North-West of Norimberg Here his Queene then was who thence went towards Wurtsburg whence after a few dayes She came unto Erfurt being gotten thither before the Kings comming And here having mentioned Duke Bernard and his Army let us now goe backe a little in the meane time that the Kings owne Army is upon their march this way-ward to tell how he passed away the time ever since the Kings going from him into Bavaria The King as we told yon parted from him about September 15 whose charge to Duke Bernard was Duke Bernards Story in the Kings absence To obserue the motions of the Imperiall Generalissimo and well to guard the Imperiall towne of Schwinfurt with all the rest upon the Mayn-streame from him For this purpose had the King left him an Army of some 9000. or 10000 men or at least so many they were voyced for This young Duke some dayes after the Kings going remooues from Winshaim first of all unto Kitzing upon the Mayn where he staid 6. or 7. dayes That is towards the very end of September Thence advances he to Wurtsburg where the Army staid 7. or 8. dayes being enquartered in the Suburbs Thence goes he to a Dorp within halfe an houres going of Schweinfurt where he was 3. or 4. dayes more About 9. or 10. a clocke the last of these nights the Army had sudden order to remooue to Schweinfurt and quartered there under the very walls of the towne The occasion of this remoovall was for that the Imperialists having some Horse Partees abroad were likely enough to affront this their open Quarter Here staid Duke Bernard but one day removing the next towards Konigshoven and enquartering short of it Some fortnight before this time had Dubatell with his Dragooners beene sent into Coburg Castle as in Walensteins proceedings we shall after tell you Pag 803. The Soldat Suedois reports that Duke Bernard before this time should haue defeated 40. troopes of Crabats under the command of Isolani their Colonell Generall and chiefest Commander of their Nation But of this airy defeate those Gentlemen of our Nation all this time with Duke Bernard knew nothing nor doe I beleeve Duke Bernard to have then beene strong enough in Horse More of Duke Bernard see in Walensteins Proceeding to have beaten Isolani with 40. of his Cornets which could not bee lesse then 3000. But to returne From Konigshoven went Duke Bernard unto Hilperhausen and enquartered short of it And now might he doe what he pleased in the country for that Walenstein was a weeke or 10. dayes since gone quite out of Franconia into Vottland From Hilpershausen goe they unto Schleusing Quartering by it and hither came the King to them The King himselfe I meane attended on by Steinbock and his Guards onely his Army being still behind The King comes to Duke Bernard upon their march towards him This was about October 21 so that in 14 dayes he had marched from Bavaria into Duringen and stayed three at Norimberg The next day the King cashiered the English and Scottish Regiments and that by reason of the extreame weakenesse of the Companies These being thus made Reformadoes were ordered by the King to waite upon his owne person he promising them good Quarters and to preferre them Thence went the King with Duke Bernards Army thorow the Duringer-Waldt the next day unto Arnstat 9. English miles further and in the County of Duringen And here staid he 6. dayes that is till his other Army was October 27. comne up to him That day went the Chancellor Oxenstiern backe from the King towards Franckford to order things thereabouts and in the Palatinate Simon and Iudes day October 28. whilest the conioyned Army advanced before towards Erfurt iust 8. English miles North of Arnstat the King staying behind a while wrote his last letters unto the King of Bohemia which letters are in the hands of many Gentleman About an English mile without Erfurt in a very faire Campagnia The King musters was the whole Army drawne up into Battaglia the King taking a view of every Brigade and appointing their place and orders to each of them Now were divers Regiments reduced into one Brigade being too weake each of them to have stood by themselves against an enemy His numbers The whole Army was found to bee about 12000. Horse and 6500. Foote indifferent compleatly Hither the same afternoone came 4. of the chiefe of Erfurt to invite his Maiesty into their City for thither was his Queene the same day arrived The King answered that though he had much to say unto their Magistrates yet knew he not how his leisure would serue him to come among them He that writes this was one of the 4. that now were the Kings enviters who affirmes that the Kings words were so gracious that he could not without shedding of teares repeate them Towards night the King came a lighting from his Horse before Duke William of Saxon-Weymars lodging who having
of Bamberg who being by the Boores discovered unto Walenstein caused him to countermand his owne order and to have his Ordnance from thence-forth to march with the grosse of his Army Where the breadth of the way would suffer him there he advanced in Battaglia the Dragooners with their Muskets Shovels and Mattocks with which they still ride were euer sent before to make good the Passes and the Crabats being his nimblest Horse were still left behind to bring up the Reere of the Army And in the souldierly warinesse of this equipage he marches unto Forcheim for in the neerenesse of an active enemy it much concerned him to bee thus wary The Army being come to Forcheim was there in a friends Countrey and in good Quarter and there I finde Walenstein to have stayed about ten dayes or a Fortnight Here had hee notice first given him of the King of Swedens going with halfe his Army towards Bavaria and of Duke Bernards staying with the other halfe about the Main-streame According to this intelligence he now disposes of his Forces The Duke of Bavaria being most startled at it desires to take leave of the Generalissimo with his part of the Army requesting that Altringer with his Regiment and Coloredoes might goe along with him for the direction of the Militia The Duke of Fridland grants it and himselfe waiting as he call'd it upon the Duke of Bavaria as farre as Bamberg Bavaria parts with Walenstein to goe homewards after a few dayes he takes leave of him with much seeming courtesie and solemnitie Courtiers enough they were both of them and both of them though high-spirited Princes yet so artfully commanding of their owne carriages that though each of then were conscious how much cause they had given one another to dissemble yet with studied words and faces did they full masterly controll all that stomacke and disrespect by which they had thorowly heretofore enchafed one another The Duke of Fridland seemed to have forgotten that ever Bavaria had procured him to be cashiered from his Generallship in the Diete of Ratisbone and Bavaria gave the Generalissimo never a note in the Margent how often since this Leaguer he had beene faine to waite to get to speake with him They are fellowes in Armes from hence forward they protested to serve one another in all good offices and to second one another upon all occasions One thing was noted betweene them in this vieing of Complements That Walenstein was not so supple and active in his cringes as old Bavaria But this what ever his great Spirit meant by it he excused by his Gowte and other his unweildynesses Leaving therefore Bavaria to his march homewards we will wholly apply our selues to our Title which is Walensteins Proceedings Early September 24. went the two Dukes with the greatest part of their Army and 48. Peeces from Forcheim towards Bamberg which is 16. miles to the North of Forcheim where the Mayne drinkes up the Rednitz September 27. He is still in and about Bamberg and those Quarters so that his lingring thereabouts gave a shrewd suspition of a meaning he might have to the Imperiall City of Schweinfurt Walenstein suspected to have a mind at Schweinfurt which is seated upon the Northerne banke of the Maine some 25. English miles to the West of Bamberg Of this Schweinfurt was the Swedish Colonell Carl-Hart Governour who sending to Claus Hastfer Governour of Konigshoven 24. English miles to the North and towards Duringen did from him about the 24. of September receive some forces for a strengthning Much about the same time had Colonell Dubadell who still hath the command of a Regiment of Dragooners also marcht in thither with 13. of his Companies Duke Bernard likewise upon Duke Bernards making that way being by the King entrusted with this Schweinfurt did presently upon this advance thitherward All this appearance of resistance caused the Imperiall Generalissimo t is beleeved to alter his determination for Schweinfurt and now wholly to convert his Armes alters his resolution against the Princes and Countries of the 2. Electorate Families of Saxony and Brandenburg Of this latter Family was the neighbour Marquesse of Bayreit vnckle to young Onspach whose Countrey for distinction from his Nephewes is called the Vpper Marquisate This Prince is also Marquesse of Culmbach and both these townes with their Iurisdictions Walenstein now purposes to have about with From about Bamberg therefore in the end of the moneth sends he some forces unto Bayreit falling upon the Marquisates of Bayreit 43. English miles Eastward The towne they tooke without much opposition the Burgers for their peaces sake consenting to giue him 10000. dollars downe upon the naile and hostages for as many more Kreutzetz a pretty towne of the Marquesses some 6. English miles to the South of Bayreit for what offence I reade not is given for pillage unto the souldiers who have leave given them to make up what pay the Generalissimo was behind hand with them upon an enemies Countrey Thence goes the Army towards Culmbach towne and Culmbach the ordinarie residence of the Marquesse 12. English miles to the North-West neere which the 2. originall streames of the river Mayne the Red and the White doe in one bed make an alliance betwixt their Issues This towne being farre stronger then Bayreit had put it selfe into a Posture of resistance When as September 21. it had by Walensteins letters beene summoned in the Emperors name to be yeelded to him In this if they obeyed not he threatned fire and sword to kill and burne all Being put from Culmbach The City suspecting his friendship to be as pernicious to them as his enmity sends him the deniall Hereupon his men now breaking into the country to the full performe as much as their Generalissimo had threatned They sometimes also are bold to come neere the towne and to giue it summons but these being answered by the Cannon they finding themselues likely to get nothing here but leaden and iron dollars hote sent them out of the mint content themselues to have burnt the Mills about the towne and to have plundered the villages and then to draw off their Army And now have at the House of Saxony whose lands lye all the way from hence to the very Elb. From Culmbach therefore goe they unto Coburg 22. English miles to the North-West of Culmbach and so farre due North of Bamberg The towne and faire Castle here belongeth unto the Duke of Saxon-Coburg unckle unto the Dukes of Saxon-Weymar and that was one of Walensteins quarrels to it A second was for that the Duke of Saxon-Coburg with the Marquesse of Culmbach had the 7. of May before conioyned their forces with the Swedish Colonell Claus Hastfer to make an Aenslaught upon the towne of Cronach belonging unto the Bishop of Bamberg This enterprise though through the cowardise of the Boores employed upon it it had miscarried yet had it given a iust occasion
of his whole Army and that by turning backe and passing over the river Sala Walenstein opens a gap for the King to have marchâ— away he might easily succour the Castle of Hall he resolved upon another purpose Sending Colonell Contreras to take up Altemburg his Excellency himselfe was resolued with the rest of his Army to have gone Northward and lodge at Mersburg By this disposing of himselfe should he at Mersburg be neere to backe Pappenheim and by sending the other Colonels to Luca and Altemburg should there have beene a space left in the middle for the King to have marcht away even from Naumburg unto Dresden By this cautelous forecast might his Excellency have after followed the King with his mayne strength and either utterly have overthrowne him or at least cut off his passage and have shut him and all his forces utterly out of the Empire But the Kings conveniences were measured by other designes farre different from our suppositions Fâ—r He having understood of the sending away of Pappenheim and the other 2. Regiments resolued presently to come and set upon us Insomuch that the Count Ridolfo Coloredo being marched with the Crabats towards Weissenfels to fetch off a Captaine who was left in the Castle with 100. souldiers he found the King * This was the 5th of Novemb. with his Army already advanced farre upon his march in sight of the City towards Lutzen Yet Coloredo came so fit and in so good a time that he had leasure enough notwithstanding the King had alreadie sent some Muskettiers But the King comes upon him to take in the Castle to bring off the men with him This having performed Coloredo still valiantly skirmishing with his few Foote and Crabats made his retreate unto Ripach in sight of the Kings Army At this very time had his Excellency thorow the reiterated messages of Coloredo given the Alarme unto his Army by the accustomed signe of shooting off 3. peeces of Ordnance notwithstanding all which it was even now night ere the Regiments could have recovered to their place of Rendezvous about Lutzen The King by this time was comne from Ripach and had taken up his lodging about a league from thence Walenstein puts his men into array and sends backe for Pappenheim But Colonel Holck for all the darkenesse of the night went about to put his forces into battaglia and indeavoured by perpetuall skowtes to discover the proceedings of the enemy Neither wanted his Excellency any diligence to dispatch messengers to the Count of Pappenheim giving him notice of the Kings resolution and a command therewithall to returne backe with all his forces and to advance in the meane time his Cavallery and Dragooners with all speede possible This message overtooke him iust at that instant when he had entred Hall and had clapt a Petard to the Castle gate in which there was a Swedish Commander with a garrison of 200. souldiers And thus farre are the very words of my Spanish Relation wherein though the defeate given by the King the night before the Battell be united yet certainely there be many other particulars on the Imperiall side which but from one of their owne we could not have comne at And so farre in my Readers names I thanke my Spanish Relater whom I have done no wrong unto in Translating And now have we brought Walenstein to the stake for the morrow morning begins the Battell This I adde that Gallas though he were sent for yet could he not come time enough to the encounter What may seeme defective here of Walensteins Proceedings iust before the Battell shall be supplyed by and by in the description of the Battell The famous Battell of Lutzen fought the sixt of November 1632. Old Style Wherein you have the manner of the King of Swedens death WITH The overthrow and flight of the Imperiall Army and their Generalissimo the Lord ALBERT Walenstein Duke of Fridland c. HOw we have heretofore waited upon that incomparable Prince the King of Sweden from Erfurt unto Naumburg you may remember to have read pag 73. of this Booke In which 3. daies march of his there was no such thing as the defeate of the Count of Merode with 2. Regiments which the confident * Pag. 823. The true name of Merode I am told to be Werningeroda of a towne by Halberstat which he is Earle of Le Soldat Suedois avoucheth Nor was Merode at all in the Battell whom he maketh to be slaine there The onely suspition of any opposition to be made by an enemy in all this march was a newes brought his Majestie by the Boores of some 22. Cornets of Crabats under the command of Isolani and his Lieftenant-Colonel Vorgage commonly to the Germans knowne by the name of Vorgast who had beene seene a day or two before about the countrey But these Crabats were onely heard of not encountred with Pappenheim was also marcht thorow without ever so much as offring to take in Erfurt much lesse of fetching any composition or contribution of 2000. dollars as the same Soldat Suedois also affirmeth pag 812. Duke William Weymar was in the towne with 3000. men voyced to be 5000 with Pappenheims small Armie of 5000. Foote and 2500. Horse was much to weake to have meddled withall though by the counsell he gave to Walenstein it appeareth how good a mind he had towards it The King as we told you being arrived at Naumburg upon Thursday November the first old Stile which is not Saint Martins day as the former Pag 824. Saint Martins day is November 11th Old Stile in all Martyrologies and Romane Kalenders French Author mistaketh tooke order to have his Army lodged in the field towne and Suburbs even as we before told you The same day the King went out upon a Partee for discovering of the enemie After him that afternoone went these 3. Gentlemen of our Nation Three English Gentlemen taken prisoners by the Crabats Lieftenant-Colonel Francis Terret Sergeant-Major Iohn Pawlet and Captaine Edward Fielding These 3. going alone by themselues to a forsaken village where there were 2. waies thorow it the King having gone the left hand way and they now taking the right fell into an ambush of the Crabats the first and the last named of these three were taken prisoners by 2. Rit-masters of the Crabats one of them named Potnick a Greeke Captaine This adventure would I not overpasse for that these two Gentlemen being carried prisoners into the Imperiall Leaguer kept under a guard in the Reere of the Armie all the day of the great Battell and after hal'd unto Prague among the fleeing Imperialists have had the meanes to enforme me of what otherwise I could not have comne by And thus much they having with much courtesie affoorded me I could not but quote them for my better authority They were that night carried unto Weissenfels where Walenstein then lay in the Castle of it He sent the Count of Pappenheim
came all to early A gentle mist as if fore-dooming how blacke a day it would be did his good will to have kept it night still and the Sunne as if his great eye had before-hand over-read the fatality of the following day seemed very loath to have begunne it So sweet a correspondencie though secret and so sensible a compassion betwixt Gods more noble instruments there is that the day had rather have beene no day then become Gustavus his last day and the Sunne had rather have conceal'd his owne glory then his fellow Gustavus beames should be extinguished But the martiall King even forcing himselfe to awaken Time and hasten on mortality would needs make those clocks and larums of the warres his fatall Drummes to beate two houres before day-light Arme Arme Repaire to your Colours keepe your Orders stand to your Armes these were the morning summons to awaken the heartie souldiers from a cold a hard and an earthly lodging The Armie was easie to be put in order for that the most part of it had laine and slept in Battaglia One while was the King purposed to have advanc't and falne on presently but the warre being Gods cause he would like David and Himselfe first aske counsell of the God of Battells and at least recommend His owne cause unto Him The Drummes having beaten the first March Hee caused prayers to be read to himselfe by his owne Chaplaine Doctor Fabritius and where there were Ministers at hand the same was done thorow every Regiment of the Army The morning proved so mistie that it was not possible to see which way to march nor where to find an enemie to strike at And this vnluckily staid the Kings thoughts from advancing presently This was a fogge of advantage unto Walenstein who purposing but to stand his ground which by working all night about the ditch and high-way his Pioners had made more troublesome to be assaulted was now resolued that if he must fight he would there abide the first shocke and no way to seeke the Battell or to mooue towards his Adversarie About 8. a clocke the mist brake up and but for one mischance in it promised as faire a day as ever was 6th of November As it beganne to cleere the King tooke occasion to encourage up his souldiers and going to his owne Subiects first The Kings Orations he to this purpose bespake them My deare brethren carry your selues bravely this day fight valiantly a Gods name to the Swedes for your Religion and for your King This if you doe Gods blessing and the peoples praises shall be your guerdon and you for ever shall even be laden with an honourable and a glorious memoriall nor will I forget to reward you nobly If you play the Pultrons I here call God to witnesse that not a bone of you shall ever returne againe into Sweden To the Germane Troopes this was the Oration To the Germanes ô you my Brethren Officers and fellow-souldiers of the Germane nation I here most earnestly intreate and beseech you to make full tryall of your valours this one day against your enemies Fight manfully against them this day both with me and for me Be not faint-hearted in the Battell nor for any thing discouraged Set me before your eies and let me be your great example even me who dreadlessely for your cause am here readie to adventure my life and blood to the uttermost of any danger This if you doe there is no doubt but that God himselfe will from Heaven reward you with a most glorious victorie of which both your selues and long posteritie shall plentifully enioy the benefits This if you doe not farewell for ever to your Religion and your liberties must for ever remaine enslaved These Orations of the Kings being from both nations with a horride clashing of their Armour and with cheerefull vowes and acclamations answered the King as cheerefully then replied And now my hearts let us on bravely against our enemies and God prosper our endeavours Sprightfully withall casting up his eies to Heaven he with a loud voyce thither sent up this forcible ejaculation Iesu Iesu Iesu The Kings Prayers vouchsafe thou this day to be my strong helper and give me courage this day to fight for thy glorie and the honour of thy great Names sake This Praier according to other Relations I find that he sometimes thus varied for he led on praying ô my Lord Iesu Sonne of God! blesse these our Armes and this dayes Battell for thine owne glory and holy names sake This said he drew out his sword which waving over his head hee advanced forward the formost of all his Army His royall person was that day waited upon His attendance by Duke Francis Charles of Saxon-Lawenburg and by some of his Maiesties owne neerest servants The Lord Crailsham also Great Master or Marshall of his Majesties Houshold had the leading of a bodie of Reformadoes which were especially commanded to waite upon the Kings owne person And amongst these were our English and Scottish Gentlemen and Officers whom as I have before told you the King had at Schleusing heretofore Reformed Of this Bodie which consisted of severall nations were there still 3. or 4. close about the King readie to be sent with orders up and downe the Armie who were still supplied by Crailsham The King was that day attired as usually he was accustomed in a plaine Buff-coate and un-armed Some report that a tendernesse he had in his shoulder where a Musket bullet had a long time stucke would not suffer him to endure armour And therefore when he was this morning desired to put on his Corslet he said The Lord God was his Armour and refused it The Kings Watch-word was the same which had beene of so good an Omen His Watch-word before at Leipsich GOTT MIT VNS God with Vs. The Generall Walensteins being now the same which Tillyes then was IESVS MARIA This was the Kings order of Embattailing His whole Army which now after he had left some at Naumburg and at Weissenfels was betweene 17 and 18000 men hee devided into two Fronts and each of these into the Wings and Battell with their Reserves Each of the Wings were composed of sixe severall Regiments or Squadrons of Horse lined with five severall Bodies His Order of Commanded Muskettiers every one of which Bodies had two small Drakes or Feilding Peeces which advanced playing still before them The Battell in each Front consisted of foure Brigades of Foot a Reserve of Foot being betwixt the two middle Brigades of the first Front and a Reserve of Horse hindmost of all betwixt the two middle Brigades of the Reere or Second Front Before each Brigade marcht sixe Peeces of greater Ordnance and thus much the first sight of the Figure showes you The Right Wing markt with the Letter I was led by the King himselfe whose place is to be seene just over the said letter and number 6. neere
to the first Brigade The five Bodies of Commanded Muskettiers all marked with the number 7. were commanded by the Count of Eberstein The Horse Squadrons of the left Wing were committed unto the glory of the Day Duke Bernard of Saxon Weymar whose place is at the letter K over the number 12. by the fourth Brigade of Foot-men The five Bodies of Foot in this left Wing marked with 13 were the charge of the Colonell Gersdorff The Battell made up of the foure Brigades of Foot was commended to the Swedish Count of Neeles Colonel of the Kings Life-guards The foure Foot Brigades of the Second Front or Reere were Commanded by Dodo Kniphausen Sergeant-Major Generall of the whole Army to whose faire Conduct the Victory is also much beholden The Horse of the Right Wing were entrusted to Colonel Claus Conrade Zorn of Bulach by which name of Bulach hee is commonly knowne The Horse of the Left Wing were committed to Prince Ernest of Anhalt The Reserve of Foote marked with 37 was commanded by Colonel Iohn Hinderson a Scottish Gentleman and the Reserve of Horse marked with 38 by Colonel Oeme of the Palatinate The Imperiall Army had his Excellencie the Generalissimo Walensteins order thus ordered He first drew it all up into one mighty Front which he then devided into three Bodies His Right wing of Horse marked with the letter A whose end was neere the Towne of Lutzen was committed to the Count Ridolfo Coloredo that day Sergeant-Major Generall of the Armie This Wing had also its commanded Muskettiers besides some others that were lodged in the gardens by the towne aforesaid This Wing having also the advantage of the Windmills and their hills by the towne-side made use of those naturall Batteries for the planting of 9. peeces of Ordnance the Mills and Millers house serving them also for a good shelter The Battell or Middle-Ward markt with the letter B was commanded by the Duke of Fridland himselfe whose place was said to be in the head of that great Regiment of Piccolomini'es Horse which is in the very middle of the Foote-Regiments marked with 49. The Left Wing opposite to the Right Wing and markt with the letter C was led by Colonel Hendrick Holck newly made Lieftenant-Felt-Marshall unto Pappenheim who but commanded till Felt-Marshall Pappenheim should be comne into the Field All this Imperiall Order of embatteling I have presented in one mighty Front so namely as it appeared to the Kings people and to him that tooke the Figure of it since very largely cut and imprinted in Copper The Figure described by Iohn Iaacob Gabler of Leipsich who also by the Kings owne directions and the description of Oluff Hans his Majesties Enginiers last yeere set forth the Figures of the Battell of Leipsich And the manner of the same Figures of the Battell of Leipsich we have in this also followed We know that betwixt every Brigade of Foote there should be so much roome left as that another Brigade might advance vp betweene the distance betweene them being the breadth of one of them But our Cutter plainely to make his Figures fairer hath straightned the distances And this I hope is mended by telling of The 2. Reserves also were to be drawne up betweene the 2. Brigades that stand next before them but these we have left behind as Oluff Hans in the Battell of Leipsich also did which I suppose was there done for distinctions sake to the vulgar beholder every souldier knowing the true place of them The explication of the severall letters and numbers shall follow by it selfe immediately after the Figure of the Battell Having thus described the Order the Field of the Battell would next be considered of The King had a North-Easterly march of it from Naumburg towards Lutzen so that the rising Sunne was something within a while favourable The wind also that little that was blew fairely for him so that the King very ioyfully spake it I thanke God I have both wind and Sunne to favour me The Countrey was a goodly vast levell and Campagnia as Corne-lands could be even The field described as farre almost as the eye could roave over And yet was the place of Battell subiect to as many accidents and Walenstein was Master of them all as a plaine countrey almost could be The King right in his way of advancing had a wet ditch made by hand called the Flossgraben cut traverse to him so that he was faine to edge about to the Right with his whole Army to passe by it and then to edge as much to the left againe to put himselfe right before the enemy The Imperiall Army was embatteled all along beyond a broad high-way which led from Lutzen unto Leipsich On this side of this was there a kind of broade draine or ditch which served for bounding and saving the ploughed lands and to keepe withall the High-way the dryer Advantageous for Walenstein This had Walensteins Pioners bestowed some cost upon so that putting some commanded Muskettiers downe into it it served them as well as a Trench or Brest-worke This was so troublesome for the Kings Horsemen that many of them were overturned and left behind in the getting over to charge Walenstein for indeed there were divers gaps thorow it which the Horse iustling for overturned one another The ground also behind the ditch had 2. little risings and those did Walenstein make choise of for the planting of those Peeces marked with the letter F in the Figure That Part of the High-way also towards Lutzen had an old Trench or dry ditch drawne to it which being nothing of it selfe but a Boundary for lands that also did Walenstein put Muskettiers into which served them like the High-way ditch for a Parapet or Brest-worke This is markt with the Gallobelgicus Figure of the Battell hath omitted this Trench He hath also turned the Highway wrong letter H. A pretty distance beyond the High-way neere unto the Towne of Lutzen markt with D were there 3. or 4 Wind-mills amongst which the letter E standeth Behind these had Walenstein lodged some Muskettiers and the Mill-hills served as naturall Batteries for him to plant 9. peeces of Ordnance upon Betweene the Mills and the towne were there divers gardens with mudd-walls round about them and in these also in one of them 300. being after found dead had he caused Muskettiers to be placed Leipsich High-way as it went sloaping along so had he caused his men to bend and hang towards it And now to the Action The Sunne having by 9. a clockc cleerely dispeld the Fogge it prov'd as promising a morning as ever was 6th of November and that commendation should our Almanacks have hereafter given it but for one mischance in it And now the King shot his losing or warning-peece and so advanced The King advances Being passed the Floss-graben He left also the Dorp of Chursitz behind him betwixt which and his Army he left his Coach and
not to be the King of Sweden for notwithstanding that himselfe told them he was the King yet divers for all that suspected him rather to be some great man that said so to save his owne life as desirous rather to be taken prisoner Severall reports there went abroad the Army of the circumstances of his manner of dying Some relate it thus that one Truckses who waited upon the King in his chamber being himselfe falne downe wounded besides the King and after brought off alive was demanded by an Officer of the enemies Who the King was and that asking the same question of the King he should answere That he was the King of Sweden whereupon he thrust him thorow the body with a broad sword and then ranne away for that the Swedes now charged Not much varying from this is the Letter of Nicephorus Kesel Preacher vnto Duke Bernard who names one Loebelfinger a young Gentleman in stead of Truckses This Loebelfinger is sonne to Colonell Loebelfinger of Norimberg who was now servant indeed unto the Lord Marshall Crailsham and so very likely to be neere the Kings Person Adding that some Horsemen of the enemies a-lighting to strip the dead bodies askt the King who he was who answered I am the King of Sweden who doe seale the Religion and Libertie of the Germane Nation with my blood After which subjoyning Alas my poore Queene and commending his soule to God they then kill'd this dying Conquerour For one of the Imperialists at this time shot him thorow the head into the right temple the bullet passing againe out at the left another thrust his sword into his body and right side and he or a third gave him a chop withall in the legge and so left him naked with fiue wounds upon him The dying King wounded and mangled the Swedes by that time comming on to charge againe This was reported by the young Gentleman saith the Preacher who hauing there receiued three wounds was laid among the dead as one of them but being afterwards brought off aliue hee then reported thus of it But were it Truckses or were it Loebelfinger hee is said to have dyed of his wounds so soone as ever he was fetcht off so that he had no time nor strength to tell more of it That there is a difference in the names is an easie mistake especially so suddenly after that huddle Truckses might report it from Loebelfinger Different reports reconciled or Loebelfinger from Truckses However I have divers Writings that runne upon the same thing and therefore surely there was at that time such a beliefe amongst a many in the Army This probabilitie is very much strengthened by the Imperiall souldiers owne report of it made at Prague to those Gentlemen of our nation then prisoners there How namely that the King being first wounded and in his retreat pursued by them would as they offered to shoot and strike at him call out and say That hee was the King of Sweden My Spanish Relation addes this to it In the beginning of the encounter one Innocentius Bucela Comrade to Colonel Piccolomini knew the King as he lay wounded and dying upon the ground whereof giving Piccolomini notice The Imperialists goe to see the dying King he with ten more went to see the Body which was yet quivering and whilest they were about to bring it away a troope of the enemies charging forced them to retire and leave it The noise of his death was presently dispersed abroad but yet beleefe was not fully given to it for that some prisoners affirmed that he was but hurt and carryed in a close Coach following his white Ensigne Thus farre my Spaniard All this might be true The Swedish prisoners that reported him to be but wounded were those that were taken so soone as ever he offered to retreat and before he was shot the second time But that they said he was carryed off in his Coach c. was their Iudgement that being wounded it was likely he would goe off in his Coach which at first stood behind the White Regiment What now if putting all these together we should suppose Piccolomini himselfe and his Company A conjecture to be the men that thus questioned and wounded the dying King of Sweden Was it for meerely charging with his Regiment when the King of Sweden was first shot that Walenstein afterwards bestowed as much Lands in Bohemia upon him as he was offered 400000 Dollars for which amounts to 100000 pound Sterling But this I make but a suspition no accusation nor have I heard it from Prague that Piccolomini should thus use him Past conjecture it is that he who could not be conquered was there slaine and for the principall manner in this very fashion in the possibility and circumstances whereof I for mine owne part doe rest satisfied His death was knowne but to some few of the great ones no not to those of his owne Army or Wing The Kings death concealed from his owne Army for 24 houres after all beleeving what was either by Art or Error given out how that hee was but carryed off wounded Hence it is that the Letters written the very same night speake so doubtfully of his death or so hopefully of his life and that those few words which He is reported to have spoken when he lay on the ground a dying were after mistaken to be uttered at Weissenfels in that 6 houres or 36 houres which hee was said to have lived The Royall Corps was after a quarter of an houre recovered by Colonell Stolhanshe and in an Ammunition wagon out of which the powder was purposely shifted was it privately carryed out of the Field unto Weissenfels for that his Coach was runne away among others The Body recovered in the fright which the Crabats lately put the wagons to And this long insertion concerning the manner of the Kings death I confesse to be rather seasonable then methodicall The Authors excuse an Historian I know would rather have referred all this unto the latter end of the Combate But for that I have still observed how curiously inquisitive men have beene after the manner of the Kings death I supposed that an indeavour to give content in that kinde would be no unseasonable didistraction though the very heate and fiercest of the encounter in other parts be a while deferred to those that so much longed for it yea more then for any other part of the Story Returne we now into the Battell and to the Right Wing againe The mist that we before told you of was not by their owne side judged to be any way prejudiciall but advantageous rather unto the Swedish seeing that the Imperialists who had now the better of it were by the falling of this Mist so arrested as that they pursued not the Retreat which they had put the Swedish unto The rumour likewise of the Kings death made them so to clutter about the Body that that also stayed
it to Piccolomini rewarding him with as much confiscated lands for it as was better then 100000. pound Sterling Holck he made Felt-Marshall in place of Pappenheim who is now the man that can doe all in all with him And hereas the King of Denmarke whose subiect Holck is sent to command him home under penalty of confiscating his goods let him saies Walenstein I le bestow tenne times so much upon him giving him his choice thereupon of any of these 4. Cities Teplitz Brix Saiss and Diewitz the meanest of which had 16 or 18 pretty villages belonging to the Lordship of it And thus much of the doings of the Imperialists both in their flight and in Bohemia have I learned from Captaine Edward Feilding Those that had done cowardly in the Battell he said nothing of but as they came to Prague he seases and imprisons them Of these by Christmas time there were already 18. apprehended Of whom some were Counts and Barons notwithstanding which he February 4th following strucke off eleuen of their heads upon a publike Scaffold and severity Some inferiour people he hanged and headed in a baser fashion others of their names he caused to be hang'd upon the Gallowes and to be poasted up for cowards One piece of mirth fell now out as it were to vary this scene of Martiall severity A young Colonell being brought upon the Scaffold which was iust before Walensteins window began alowd I come here to dye for running away after my Generalissimo but the Drummes strucke up and the Trumpets sounded upon it so that the short breath'd Orator could bee no further listned to And thus leave I our great Imperiall Generalissimo The State he keepes who keepes a State in Prague no Maiestie in Christendome comparable to him About Christmas was there a feare of Duke Bernards falling into Bohemia whereupon such a puzzle there was amongst them that Potents or Commands were presently given out for the drawing of 6000. men towards the Frontiers So easie was it to have conquered Walenstein and Bohemia And now for that the contrarily affected may not say that my Intelligence is particular or all from one side I will here affoord them the Relation made by the Spanish Gentleman before quoted fairely barely without additions or alterations translated the originall whereof I am ready to communicate unto any ingenuous Gentleman Two or 3. other Relations I confesse I have in French printed at Brussels which are so ignorantly and insolently done that even that side may be ashamed to give credit to them I have taken nothing out of le Soldat Suedois for that ther 's litle but words in him Two or three High-Dutch pieces and some Latine also I have by me as foolish as the former but this onely of the Spaniard I have thought worthy your perusall THE morning began to peepe when newes came that the King now altogether in Battell-ray did march up towards us whereupon His Excellency presently cast his Army into that forme which appeareth in the Figure leaving a little way on the right hand some Wind-mills according to the disposition and necessitie of the situation The King had in the meane while put his Army right opposite to ours not full distant the reach of a Cannon approaching with his left Wing neere upon Lutzen and with the right touching upon a little Wood which also was very neere united with his Front In this order did his Excellency stay till the King should begin to moove wee having a small ditch along the Front of our Army The King mooved soone after with all his forces making a show that he was resolv'd to invest vs some-while upon one side some-while upon the other At length hee set upon us in the Front and sent his Cavallery of the right Wing to overturne ours By reason hereof we were forced to retire our Baggage which was upon our left Wing quite behind all our Army to the end it should not be cut off from us Thus began the Encounter with equall order and continuall shot of Cannon which did on each side mutuall hurt every one striving to get forward thorow the midst of mortalitie and slaughter of men for to drive the enemy out of his place The Earle of Pappenheim came in at the very beginning of the fight with some Regiments of Horse and Dragooners whom hee instantly carryed into the left Wing where it appear'd the King did charge with most obstinacy And here the Earle giving the onsett with his accustom'd valour was in the very beginning mortally wounded by a Fauconett so that being taken off his Horse to be brought to Leipsich He ended his life before his Iourney This valerous Cavalier having sacrificed himselfe to Gods service and the Emperours in the most important occasion which ever hath offerd it selfe to benefit the Catholike Religion and the whole House of Austria In the meane time the Front of the enemies Army got ground apace 〈…〉 Resolution our Artillery being neuer able to disorder it though many a shot was made upon it and being now comne neere the ditch which was made on our side a great number of Muskettiers was let downe into it from whence they gave us many good Saluees But especially did they powre lead into the Regiment of the Colonell Piccolomini Who after he had beene exposed a-while to the discretion of those Muskettiers determined to set upon them and to drive them out of the Ditch And this he did accordingly with so fortunate a successe that if he had beene seconded by other Regiments no doubt but that part of the Enemies Army would have beene utterly rowted But there being none to backe him and he fearing to be cut off from the Army if hee went too farre forwards resolv'd to set with might and maine upon a Regiment * Winckles of the Enemies which He also utterly defeated leaving it stretched out upon the ground in the same manner as it had stood before ordred in Squadrons After Pappenheim was wounded the Cavalry which he had led never so much as turn'd their faces against the Enemy whereby advantage was given him to get the better of our Foot also on the left side For all this on the right side was the fight maintained with equall and all possible obstinacie at which time a newes being spread of the Kings death it seemed that the Enemies Army began to give backe by little and little under the favour of a very thicke mist which was risen insomuch that at first it was not possible to finde where it stood Hereupon for the present the victory was held to be ours We being desirous to goe forward to seeke out the Enemy intelligence was had that he went to rejoyne his Squadrons about the Wood side for which reason his Excellence sent his Colonels Tercica and Picolomini to take more exact notice of what was rumor'd They being past on a little forward towards the Wood saw the Enemy in full Battell-ray
of Cannon before it N The Millers house O The towne of Chursitz The Numbers of the Van or first Front The Right Wing 1 The Finland Horse commanded by Colonel Stolhanshe 2 The West-Goths Horse Regiment 3 The Ingermanlanders Horse All these sixe Regiments of Horse of the Right Wing were the Kings owne Subjects 4 The Vplanders All these sixe Regiments of Horse of the Right Wing were the Kings owne Subjects 5 The Ostro-Goths All these sixe Regiments of Horse of the Right Wing were the Kings owne Subjects 6 The Smolanders Sope All these sixe Regiments of Horse of the Right Wing were the Kings owne Subjects 7 All the 5 Bodies under the number 7 are the Commanded Muskettiers which lined the Horse Squadrons and were led by the Count of Eberstein The Battell 8 The first Brigade of Foot being all Swedish belonging to Carl Hart and led by his Lieftenant-Colonel 9 The second Brigade of Foot which was the Praetorian Regiment or the Life Gards Dutch and Swedish and led by Grave Neeles a Swede This was also called the Yellow Regiment 10 The third Brigade of Foot called the Blew Regiment led by Colonel Winckle 11 The fourth Brigade of Foot commonly called the White Regiment the Greene sayes Gallobelgicus Made up of Duke Bernards and Colonel Wildensteins Regiments which Colonel now led the Brigade Here were 200 Scots in this Brigade The Left Wing 12 A Squadron of Horse of Duke Bernards 14 Another of his 15 Colonel Karbergs Regiment 16 The Curlanders led by Colonell Wrangle 17 The Lieflanders led by Colonel Tiesenhausen 18 A German Regiment led by Colonel Corvile 13 All the 5 Bodies under this number 13 are the Commanded Muskettiers that lined this Left Wing of Horse They were led by Col Gersdorff The Numbers of the Reere or second Front The Right Wing The Horse of the Right Wing of this Reere were Commanded by Colonell Bulach Sergeant-Major-Generall of the Horse 19 Duke William of Saxon-Weymars Regiment of Horse led by his Brother Duke Ernestus 21 Lieftenant-Generall Goldsteins Squadron led by his Lieftenant-Colonel Rhelinger 22 Generall-Major Bulachs owne Squadron 23 Colonel Beckermans Regiment 24 The Landtgrave of Hessens Regiment made up of two weake Regiments Colonell Rosteins namely and Colonel Dalwicks this last Colonel leading the Regiment 25 Colonel Islers Squadron who was a Sergeant-Major-Generall though now he Commanded his owne men onely 20 Vnder this number 20 are the 5 Bodies of Commanded Muskettiers that lined the 6 Horse Squadrons The Battell 26 The first Brigade of Foot of the Battell in the Reere or second Front This was made up of two weake Regiments of the Elector of Saxonyes and Duke Williams of Saxon-Weymar This Brigade was led by Bosen the Elector of Saxons Colonel 27 The second Brigade of Foote belonged to Colonel Kniphausen Sergeant-Major-Generall of the whole Army who Commanded all these foure Brigades in the Reere of the Battell 28 The third Brigade of Foot ledde by the Count of Thurn In this was the Count of Ebersteins weake Regiment and some Hassians which helped to make up the Brigade 29 The fourth Brigade of Foot led by Colonel Mitzlaff made up of his owne Gerstorffs and Rosses Regiments The Left Wing 30 The first Squadron of Horse of the Reere of this Left Wing led by Baron Hoffkirck These were the Elector of Saxonyes men which hee sent unto the King then at Norimberg 32 A Squadron of the Prince of Anhalts 33 The Count of Loewensteins Regiment These had no Cornets for that they were newly leuyed and their Ensignes not yet made They were led by their owne Sergeant-Major 34 Colonel Brandensteins Squadron 35 Colonel Steinbocks These being the Kings ordinary Guards were sent for up into the Front and joyned to the Smolanders the King himselfe fighting at the head of Steinbocks Squadron 36 Colonel Sticknits Squadron Here were some French Horse 31 Vnder this number 31. are the 5 Bodies of the Commanded Muskettiers that lyned the Horse Squadrons 37 A Reserve of Foot for the Van of the Battell led by Colonel Iohn Hinderson a Scottishman 38 A Reserve of Horse for the Reere of the Battell led by Colonel Oeme of the Lower Palatinate Walensteins Army 39 3 Squadrons of Crabats Light Horsemen 40 3 Squadrons of Crabats Light Horsemen 41 3 Squadrons of Crabats Light Horsemen 42 3 Regiments of Curiassiers or men at Armes being heauy armed Horsemen 43 3 Regiments of Curiassiers or men at Armes being heauy armed Horsemen 44 3 Regiments of Curiassiers or men at Armes being heauy armed Horsemen 45 4 Regiments of Foote 46 4 Regiments of Foote 47 4 Regiments of Foote 48 4 Regiments of Foote 49 A strong Regiment of Horse of Piccolomini's in the head of the Battell Here t is said Walenstein himselfe was 50 4 Regiments of Foote with some lynings of Horse amongst them 51 4 Regiments of Foote with some lynings of Horse amongst them 52 4 Regiments of Foote with some lynings of Horse amongst them 53 4 Regiments of Foote with some lynings of Horse amongst them 54 2 Regiments of Horse with Foote among 55 2 Regiments of Horse with Foote among 56 3 Squadrons of Curiassiers 57 3 Squadrons of Curiassiers 58 3 Squadrons of Curiassiers 59 Crabats The Swedish Intelligencer THe Swedish Army having staid 2. dayes at Weissenfels after their fatall and mourning Victory and having in that time over-viewed and ordered their Army they not as yet knowing the fright the enemy was still in or whither he might call Gallas and his Army to him resolve to pursue what the dead King had before the Battell purposed which was to conioyne with the Dukes of Saxony and of Lunenburg These 2. Dukes indeed had beene united with their 8000. men about Torgau some fortnight or 3. weekes before the Battell Lunenburg being marcht up so farre so soone as ever Pappenheim had forsaken the Lower Saxony And they now hearing of the Battell and of the Imperialists forsaking of Leipsich begin to stirre for the recovery of it Friday November 9th a little after noone some 10. or 12. Saxon Horsemen come to the Grimmisch port of Leipsich where professing themselues to be Imperialists they are admitted Being gotten in some one or 2. of them clogge up and make good the gate till another troope of their fellowes then hard at hand were comne into them The Saxons recover Leipsich towne The Court of guard at the Port is cut in pieces and much execution done upon the wearied and unprovided Imperialists Towards night the 2. Dukes of Altemburg and Lunenburg with the 3. Colonells Hoffkirck Tauben Pfort attended on by 40. troopes of Horsemen and Dragooners enter also into the City These taking the absolute possession and Mastery of the Towne give present summons to the Castle of Pleissenburg where there yet was an Imperiall garrison Satterday being the 10. they order the City and prepare to besiege the Castle and besiege the Castle The 11th they get up 3. Batteries where
Holck had before done and made like his of Horse-dung and Woollsacks with boords over them That day the Horse marcht out of the towne and in the night 500. Muskettiers came in place of them Some also were sent from the Swedish Armie that all might ioyne together in the cleering of the countrie All this day the ordnance thundred so vpon the castle that a peece of the Bulwarke was beaten flatt downe with it Munday being the 12th the castle about noone was againe summoned but the Gouernour Mozer not onely sent his deniall to those Summons but to all that should bee made afterwards which was a vowe to live and die in his owne defence and as for mercie or conditions he expected none from them nor would he accept of any termes but what himselfe should offer them Now therefore are the ordnance sett to argue the case forboth parties at which mooting we for a while leaue them to tell what was in the meane time done in other parts of the Country The Swedish Army being parted from Weissenfels and Naumburg The Swedish and the Saxons ioyne Satterday November 10th arrived at Pegau The next day they move to Born and thence as we told you are some forces sent to Leipsich Generall-Major Dodo Kniphausen having intelligence with the Burgers of Frieberg reprises that by an Aenslaught and cuts of some 3. or 400. Imperialists in it Duke Bernard does as much to 2. or 300. Crabats in another little towne thereabouts Munday November 12th the Army marcht to Grim where they found themselues to be some 12000. and hither came the Saxon and Lunenburgers Army to ioyne with them And now it is amongst them resolved either to pursue the enemy if he any where durst in the field abide them or else to reconquer those townes of the Duke of Saxonyes wherein the Generalissimo had left any garrisons Chemnitz recovered Chemnitz is now first set upon 30. miles up the same river due South from Grim towards Bohemia Here were the remnants of the 3. Regiments of the dead Comarga Palant and Contreras Some service was on both sides done before the towne would render but my purpose being but to relate things brieflyer now since the Kings death I shal only affoord you the generall Acts and Articles Vpon these conditions was the place rendred and the conditions 1. That the Imperiall Governour should give over the towne and leave all his Gunnes Ammunition Victualls and Ensignes unto the Swedes and Saxons 2. That no Protestant were he Ecclesiasticall or Laye-person should bee forcibly carryed away by the Imperialists nor should any harme or damage bee done to them 3. That the Imperialists should not either now or hereafter make demands to the Elector of Saxonyes subiects of any thing due for Contribution or upon any other colour nor should be troublesome to them for that matter 4. The Governour so soone as ever the Articles were signed should deliver up the towne keyes and should draw up all his souldiers together into the place of Parado in the market-stead and that without matches lighted or any corne of powder or bullet of lead about them 5. Both Governour and souldiers Ecclesiasticks sicke and wounded people should so soone as ever they requested it have leave to goe out of the towne but yet without sound of Drummes and Trumpets and with no other weapons but their swords onely 6. The Governour should have leave to carry away his owne baggage upon his owne Horses and Waggons of which none of the other Officers should have more then one apiece As for the common souldiers they should carry away no more then they could beare upon their backs 7. If any of the garrison were disposed to turne to the Protestant Party the Governour should attempt nothing against them in preiudice either of their lives or honours 8. The Governour and his souldiers should be convoyed as farre as Frieberg who should be bound from plundering or burning any thing by the way in the Duke of Saxonyes Dominions And in lieu of the souldiers that should convoye them they were to leave pledges for their safe returne after which the pledges should have their Passes 9. In these Articles should not those common harryers and plunderers the Crabats by no meanes be comprehended 10. If in any tittle these Articles should be prooved to bee infringed the Governour was to bee laid hold of and the conditions to be of no force against the besiegers Shall I call these 10. Articles or 10. Commandements for as yet have I seldome read that any enemy did not scorne to yeeld up his towne upon such unsouldierly and dishonourable conditions who was not forced by Storme to yeeld at Mercy Looke all History over and you shall hardly find me 10. such Articles scarcely worse and upon that I dare give you the booke you find them in By this you see what estate the Imperiall Army was in Let all that side hereafter forbeare to say that theirs had the victory at Lutzen seeing that so suddenly after it and within 25. English miles of Bohemia 3. Imperiall Regiments did yeeld up such a towne upon such pittifull conditions Chemnitz being taken the Swedish Army is devided Generall-Major Kniphansen Kniphansen goes to Leipsich Castle being with some forces sent to Leipsich to hasten on the taking of the Castle whilest Duke Bernard sent out Partees every way to skowre the coast of the Imperialists Kniphansen being comne to Leipsich and some greater peeces of Battery brought thither from Dresden the siege is gone on more sadly withall I find I confesse writing for 2. or 3. sallyes made by the Imperialists and of an offer made by the besiegers to breake the ground and to begin their Approaches one Moone-light night right against the Thomas Gate But I write no more particulars Let it suffice to know that on Sunday December 2d. the Governour Mozer for all his stoutnesse as faine to condiscend to these 9. Pleissenburg Castle taken Articles which had they beene of his making which he before protested to stand upon I suppose they would have beene more favourable to his party 1. That the Governour with his Officers and souldiers that defended the Castle as also the Ecclesiasticks the Conditions sicke and wounded people shall depart out of it the day following 2. The Governour shall be bound either this night or to morrow morning to deliver up his prisoners whither Churchmen or of the Laity 3. That neither Governour nor souldiers shall now or hereafter pretend any thing upon the subiects of the Elector of Saxony 4. The Governour and his Officers shall have leave to carry away their owne baggage provided there were nothing amongst it belonging unto any of the Electors subiects As for the common souldiers they shall march out with no more then they could carry upon their shoulders 5. The Governour shall leave all his Ordnance Artillery Ammunition Provisions Armour and whatsoever else was necessary for
for the reducing of Freedome and Religion This if they be negligent in then all the travels of the deceased King together with all their owne paines and charges yea all their Forces Armies and advantages shall not long serve their turnes but they must become the prey of their Enemies an Amphitheater of Tragedies and an example to posteritie of confiscated estates and of bodies incurably diseased And to say the troth these Princes have even untill this present gone so well on that their vnitie hath quite dasht all the exultations of the contrary party and they have trumped upon the best of the others hopes and happily gone beyond the feares of their friends that still doubted them They have given the world to see that the Schooling and lessoning of the King hath made good impression in them and that the losse of so great a Patrone though it extremely pull'd downe the side yet hath it caused their motions to be concentricall to goe all one way and by union to redouble their vigours And yet all this notwithstanding and that the King of Sweden hath left these Princes of his partie in so good estate that they have the lesse cause to lament the losse of him they being well set up on their feet againe and in case to maintaine their owne freedomes Admit the truth of all this yet hath the adverse party which he gave checke unto recovered the better of the game since this King is taken Great are their advantages by the death of this Prince these few pellets of lead which kill'd him being worth more to them then a million of Ducats possibly could have advantaged them And this losse of him who was the Sole Director of all gave not onely hopes but probabilities that now when the businesse was to fall to be managed by a many the diversities of Cheefes would bee so apt to foment iealousies and mis-intelligences as that it would give more facility to the contrary party to conserve what was not yet conquered to satisfie some privately discontented to vnite their counsels to recall exiled tranquility and firmely once againe to re-establish a good peace over all the Empire If now the Imperiall party please to make profit by their former losses then shall wee see them turne a deafe eare to all bloody and violent counsels avoide the enforcing both of Princes and people to turne desperate remove all suspitions and bad correspondencies regaine exasperated spirits by sweetnesse and seeke how to raigne by love rather then by terrour no more attempting the breach of the peace and publike faith vnder pretence of conscience it being to be dealt withall by perswasion and not by enforcing as having to answer before another Tribunall then mans Iudgement And hereunto it appeareth that this party ought so much the rather to aspire because it may have hope even forthwith and henceforward to continue in their owne rights and advantages the death of this King having cured them of a bodily feare they were deeply already in least he should have taken a higher flight pretented towards new Diademes and fully have verified his Anagramme by changing the name Gustavus into Augustus What-ever in this dull Character of mine may seeme defective is abundantly supplyed in this most learned and concise Epitaph Written by an Honourable Sonne of the Muses and worthy the Tombe-Stone of the great Gustavus Epigraphe SISTE VIATOR NEC DESPONDE ANIMVM VT NEQVICQVAM SPERES NI MORI SPERES VIX EST QVOD METVAS NI VIVERE METVAS FATO CESSIT VITAE MORTISQVE ARBITER SVMMVS PROXIMVM COELITIBVS NOMEN QVIN ILLVD EXIGIS DABO SED VT LITES LACHRYMIS REGI POTENTISS PIENTISS GVSTAVO QVO SEXTO NOVEMBRIS NECI DATO TOTA EVROPAE FACIES MVTATA EST IN PLANCTVM SOLVTIS HVMANISS QVIBVSCVNQVE QVIN MAIORA POSTVLAS ACCIPE ILLE QVI DISSIDIA PVBLICA PACE TERMINARE PACEM BONIS ARTIBVS EXCOLERE ILLE QVI OPPRESSOS IN SVVM IVS ASSERERE ASSERTOS LIBERTATE DONARE LIBERTATEM SECVRAM REDDERE AGGRESSVS EST PROH DOLOR INTERIIT SED VT SVMMVM ARDVAE VIRTVTIS EXEMPLVM AVDIAT NVLLVS QVIPPE POST HOMINES NATOS BONO PVBLICO POTIORA INTENTAVIT GRAVIORA PASSVS EST. ABI IAM SI LICET IN REM TVAM The Copy of the Swedish Conclusion By the Princes and Peeres of the Kingdome of Sweden Which was vnanimously consented unto by them at their Dyet and Assembly holden at Stockholm on the 14th of March 1633. The Originall was printed at Stockholm by Ignatius Murer WEE vnder-written the Councell Peeres Earles Lords Bishops of Sweden Gentry Clergie Officers of Warre Citizens and the whole Commonalty who have beene convoked to this honourable Assembly as well in our owne names and behalfes as also in the name and behalfe of all the Countries doe hereby make knowne and certifie That whereas it hath pleased Almighty God of his providence and good pleasure so heavily to visit us and this Kingdome and in so great a measure to afflict us by taking unto himself by bodily death the renowned high and mighty Prince and Lord Gustavus Adolphus King of the Swedens Gothes and Vandales Great Prince of Finland Duke of Estland and Carellen Lord of Ingormanland c. and to translate his blessed Maiesty of ever happy and famous memory out of this vale of misery into his eternall happinesse and heauenly ioy and to exchange his temporall Crowne into an everlasting Diademe of glory and so to have put a period not onely to his Maiesties carefull and labourious life and dayes but also to his sufficiently noted and renowned Counsells worthy actes couragious and vndaunted spirit almost incredible at leastwise wonderfull Victories against part of the mightiest and most powerfull Princes and Potentates of Europe And which wee chiefely must condole in him it hath pleased God to take from vs our head our King our father and Pater patriae Vnder whose worthy famous and most excellent raigne we aboue all other Nations in these dolefull and calamitous times haue found our selues without any opposition in all security safety and tranquillity And which aggrauates our misery it hath not pleased God to suffer any Heyer-Male to proceed from the loynes of his said blessed Majesty to remaine upon and to possesse his Fathers seate So that not without reason ours and the Kingdomes care and danger is the greater and wee cannot but so much the more take to heart this inestimable losse Wherefore vpon the Iniunction of the Peeres and Councell of the Realme at their conuenting we haue thought good vnanimously and obediently to come together in the feare of God and to take into consideration the present State of our Kings Majesties Heyer as also the State of our deare Kingdome And how the same may be happily up held and maintained and next under the ayde and helpe of God bee defended against all danger and opposition To this end we are all of us ioyntly and willingly assembled here and wee haue pondered and consulted together which might best
and States of these 4. Vpper Circles now assembled would conclude an Vnion in the best forme and confederate and colleague themselues together with such firme conditions as never to breake off againe untill the desired scope that is to say the restitution of the Evangeliacall Electors Princes and States and the fundamentall lawes of the Empire be obtained and due satisfaction made to the Hereditary Princesse and Crowne of Sweden Much lesse descend into any particular treaties with the enemy but one be made to stand for all and all as one man untill the full and finall decision and determination of the whole businesse be agreed upon And in case some one or other of them should have a mind to fall off from the common League that consideration be had and a decree before hand made how such a man ought to be thought of and in what manner handled 2. It is also to be considered upon now that the Emperour after his agreement made and sworne having done nor intented nothing but the oppression of the Empire and the loyall States in it and the Catholicke Leaguers also having added to the oppression as much as lay in their power that is to say helpt it forward provoked one another to it and backt one another in it and hath wrung or beaten the defensive Armes of the Electors Princes and States Evangelicall out of their hands whether it were not the best course openly to declare both Emperour and Leaguers enemies and so long to hold them for such untill satisfaction be made unto the Crowne of Sweden and unto the Electors Princes and States offended 3. It ought also thorowly to be considered and agreed upon how many Armies be to be sent against the enemy and how they are from time to time to be re-enforced and where money is to be raised for it 4. What is the best meanes for getting of moneies Ammunition Ordnance and Victualls and what paies are to be made unto the Generalls as also for the horses to draw the Ordnance and the Baggage Wagons and how all this money is to be raised 5. That the course of the whole Proceedings may the more orderly be carried it will be necessary that some Office of Direction be legally set up and authorised and that in other causes in like manner some legall determination be now agreed upon 6. And consequently after this Office of Direction be resolved upon and authorised it will be very worthy consideration in the next place how the military Discipline may hereafter be better ordered the Countries freed from the feares and insolencies of the souldiery and Trading restored and though not every thing yet how the grosser abuses may be remedied 7. And if it pleases the Kingdome of Sweden any longer to engage it selfe in these actions it shall bee worthy consideration how long it is fitting for it to stand engaged and what assistance shall the said Kingdome of Sweden expect againe if in the meane time it selfe shall happen to bee invaded or come into other danger All these Articles and whatsoever may else be thought upon in the time of the deliberation I doubt not but the most Illustrious and Right Honourable States assembled will maturely consider upon and will so frame their resolutions as necessity and their owne safetie requireth and thus farre forth am I confident of all and every one of them To whom againe in generall and particular I make all humble tender of such faire offices in which I may best serve them Heilbrun March 8. 1633. These Propositions were tendred to the Princes c. the very first day of the meeting that is to say after the Sermon and so soone as they had taken their places in the State-house To these after mature deliberation the Princes punctually thus answered Article to Article 1. That they were all desirous to contract a most firme League amongst themselues and with the Crowne of Sweden and so long time constantly to hold it on untill the desired libertie of Germany as farre as concerned either Religion or the Temporall Estate were obtained and that the Crowne of Sweden were satisfied their charges of the Warres 2. They thought it better for the time to forbeare declaring the Emperour and Leaguers enemies untill a generall Diet of the whole Empire and in the meane time to set out a publike Manifesto and Apology concerning their being prouoked to this Defensive 3. In the Third Article they desired to consult with his Excellency meaning the Chancellor Oxenstiern 4. And if this Third were once agreed upon they would deliberate concerning the meanes of maintaining the Armies 5. They requested his Excellency that he would be pleased to take upon himselfe the Directorship for these foure Vpper Circles untill the desired restitution were obtained And least this charge should bee too heauy for him singly they thought to joyne some other Assistants with him and if he pleased they would in euery one of these foure Circles appoint an Office of Sub-Directorship 6. For restoring of the decayed Discipline there should be new and certaine Orders conceived and authorized the transgressours whereof should exemplarily bee punished The Regiments moreouer should be reduced and reformed the superfluous numbers of Officers restrained and the government and punishing of offending souldiers left unto the Magistrate of the place where they were enquartered Permission should also with the Magistrates knowledge be unto the Subjects and inhabitants of every place to defend themselves as they could against plunderers As for the billetting of the souldiers it should be committed unto the Magistrate 7. And whereas the States of Sweden had pleased to declare their willingnesse for the entring into a stricter Vnion with them they accepted of the offer with all due thankfulnesse And for their parts they were ready mutually to oblige themselves to procure them all due satisfaction if his Excellency would be pleased to show them how to doe it Faire Answeres all of them After this had the French Ambassador his Audience whose Oration was To encourage the Princes to goe on where the victorious King had left He in his Masters promising them all due assistance and desiring to be taken into their Vnion The English Ambassador likewise Sir Robert Anstruther made his Proposition which was a desire chiefely for the Restitution of the Palatinate Concerning all which demands to this purpose was the faire and satisfying Resolution of the Diet which brake up about the twentieth of our Aprill 1. That the foure Circles shall be firme one to another in a League offensiue and defensiue untill such time as they can have vindicated their Liberties against the Emperour The Resolution of the Diet. These Articles some Copyes contract into ten whom they esteeme as a reall enemy 2. That to maintaine these warres 16000 Horse and 40000 Foot are to be leuyed 3. That the monies to be contributed shall be raysed according to the Taxe of the Imperiall Matricula in the warres against
These though but a weake garrison God knowes yet endured they some Canon shots before they would listen to a composition which there being no other remedy they were glad upon souldiers termes to accept of and the Spaniards as glad to yeeld them their intent being to make hast into the further parts of the Palatinate Next advance they unto Simmern and Simmern 5 or 6 English miles to the North of Kâ—rchberg which towne they found not in so good a posture of defence as that they came last from but readyer to take the Law from the stronger Some Swedish forces there were enquartered here and there in the better townes of this countrey of the Huntsruck These rallying themselves now together were resolved to make some head against the proceedings of the Spaniards But not being of themselves strong enough to confront the grosse of the Spanish armie and out of hope withall to be seconded from about Mentz and all through the bad correspondency betwixt their chiefe leaders Duke Bernard I meane and the old Rhine-grave contented themselves onely to lie upon the catch and to intercept some loose troopes of their enemies which for pillage sake but afterwards loose 5 Cornets to the Swedish durst adventure the stragling a little further from the armie At severall times they latcht up 4 or 5 of the Spanish Ensignes which were at Mentz afterwards presented unto the Queene of Sweden This countrey of the Huntsruck is very apt indeed for such like military reprisals it being a very hilly and woody place as if nature had meant it for the dressing of ambuscadoes into which such strangers as are not well traded in the countrey may easily enough fall The Count of Embden never staying to revenge this marches North-ward towards Over-wesel first and to Boppart afterwards this last lying not far from Coblents where the Rhine entertaines the Mosel These two townes They cleere the countrey as farre as the bancks of the Mosel and by their taking all that corner of the Huntsruck and Bishopricke of Triers betwixt the Rhine and Mosel being thus againe made Spanish even as farre as Coblents where of old they had a garrison the Count of Embden converts his armes up againe by the Rhines side towards the Southward and making all the speed he could to the bancks of the river Nah whose streame runnes traverse to his marching then passe the Nah into the Palatinate Where this river droppeth into the Rhine stands the town of Bingen and 10 English miles to the Northward up the said streame is the towne of Creutznach To both them the Spaniards now send some Partees who bringing these word againe that the townes were defended with good Scottish and Germane garrisons they forbeare to attempt either of them quietly passing the river Nah betwixt both into the Palatinate In none of these their proceedings hitherto except where wee before told you had they met with any considerable power of opposition The Swedish armie was not yet advanced into the field The Rhinegrave now sent out to observe them the Rhinegrave onely with his Horse-regiment had hitherto beene by Oxenstiern sent out from Mentz towards them and that rather to observe them then oppose them He perceiving them after their passing of the Nah to advance to the Eastwards towards Mentz retires still before them till he came to Nider-Vlm within 6 or 7 English miles of Mentz sits downe to stoppe them at Nider Vlm. to the South-west-ward Here sets he downe his Regiment because that this was the neerest Passe by which the Spanish must come at Mentz citie At this dorp ends that ledge of little mountaines which by a small rivers side for 8 or 10 miles together comes trending along from the very Rhine bancks The Spanish having borne up close hitherto with the Rhinegrave and being now approacht within halfe a league of him they at that distance about the tenth of our April there sate downe and rested Hereabouts at Mentz they learned by some countrey Boores that the chiefest of the Swedish forces were now amassing and that here if any where they were likely to meet with opposition And they judged rightly For now at Mentz was the Rex-Chancellor Axel Oxenstiern who together with that gallant yong sparke Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weimar had an armie in readinesse of 15000 foot and 72 Horse Cornets The Spanish had notice who whilest Duke Bernard prepares to draw out the Armie besides given them of the new and great fortifications about the citie and that Duke Bernard had already drawne out the most of these troopes into the new worcks which the King before his going had given order to be made aswell for the lodging of a campe royall there as for the safe-guard of the 2 new bridges over the Rhine and Maine all which you may see described page 57. of our Second part Thus much had Duke Bernard done by the seventh of April at which time the Spanish were comne up within a day and halfes march of Creutznach The towne lying at this guard and the Rhinegraves horse at the Poast we last told you of enquartered betwixt the Spaniards and the citie they having intelligence of his posture first resolve to set upon him there before those other forces should be drawne out of the citie to assist him Friday morning before day light April 13. was the time they appointed to make a Cavalcado upon his Quarters and Lucas Cagro Commissary Generall of the Cavallery was the man that with 1400 horse in 12 Cornets undertooke the action It so chanced that the Rhinegrave the very night before had received both notice and assistance and was both wayes now provided to entertaine them The Chancellor Oxenstiern had newly sent him 400. Finland horse under the well-tryed Colonel Stolhanshe who had also taken up his lodging upon the side of the same hill on which the Rhinegraves men lay â—nquartered Towards them though not close up to them the Rhinegrave that night hitched giving notice unto Stolhanshe withall of the Spanish purposes Don Lucas knowing nothing that his enemies knew so much thinkes in the darke morning to get the advantage of the hill-knap and then to fall downe upon them with the more weight afterwards he still supposing his enemie to be in his old Quarters The hill top that Don Lucas thought to have gotten was the same knap which the Rhinegrave had before possessed himselfe of on the side of which Stolhanshe was also lodged The Spanish thus in the darke morning with as much silence as they could mounting up the climb of the hill stumbled first upon Stolhanshe and his Finlanders all ready in array to entertaine them These charging one another downe comes the Rhinegrave at the noise of the first volleyes upon the polles of them defeates 1400 horse of the Spaniards that first set upon him The Spaniards having once discharged their pistolls and Carbines and not being able to discerne what
12 English miles on this southerne side of Manheim in the Palatinate It had heretofore accorded with the King of Sweden and accepted of his garrison as Page 59 of our Second Part wee have told you It was now kept with some 200 men by Colonel Horneck who had heretofore done the King very good service And now also as if he had not yet forgone all his former courage and reputation he answeres the first summons as if he had meant to have beaten the Spaniards out of Christendome for he thunders and sallies upon them bravely But the Spanish bringing forward their Approaches or Rowling trenches soberly and with many hands having by the next morning almost perfected their lines and gotten up 1 or 2 Batteries Horneck fearing another Blacke May day of it should his towne be stormed he upon the very next summons the second day of planting of the siege hangs out his white flag to treat upon the rendring The chiefe of the Articles which he desired for his garrison were these foure The Spanish take Spiers 1. To goe out with full Armes swords by their sides The conditions Colours flying drummes beating bullet in the mouth and matches lighted 2. To have all his baggage for himselfe and company 3. To have foure field peices 4. To be convoyed by the Spaniards as farre as Wormbs 20 miles English downe the Rhine to the Northward For the townesmen Lutheranes for the most part hee to this purpose articled That they should not be molested in their persons goods priviledges nor consciences For the Cloyster-people and the Lawyers which were many and such other Officers and dependants upon the Imperiall Chamber he needed not make any conditions for their safeties for they being all Catholicks were of themselves so able to make a partie in the Citie in favour of the Spanish that they had beene one of Hornecks chiefe feares and the occasion of his so sudden giving up the citie And thus was the faire and Imperiall citie of Spiers rendred up unto the Spanish about 10 a clock in the forenoone April 21 This being May-day according to the Spanish computation Some say that Colonel Horneck had with that garrison undertaken the keeping of the citie and had refused other succours Duke Bernard going to relieve Spiers comes too late which if he did he was then the more to blame for it for that had he held it out hee had within a day or two beene relieved Duke Bernard Weymar with the Palatine Birckenfeldt having once learned which way the Spaniards after the last fight April 13 had directed their march he upon the 16 advanced with 8000 foot and 3000 horse out of Mentz to have followed after them and to have adventured to releive whatever place they should have attacked He was already comne as farre as Wormbs to this purpose which was within little more then a dayes march of the Spanish leaguer Some say that Horneck had notice of all this and so much was at his sending for to Mentz laid unto his charge by the Chancellor Oxenstiern who immediately sent up word to the King of his manner of yeelding up the citie Horneck indeed denied any notice he had of Duke Bernards comming notwithstanding which he was still kept under arrest till his sentence came out of Bavaria from the King that hee should lose both Horne and necke too for it But execution was deferred and his excuses of the impossibility for him with 200 men to make good such a compasse of walls when especially so potent a faction domineered in the towne were accepted which were indeed presented to the King in his behalfe by the Queenes Majestie Duke Bernard and some others Duke Bernard hearing Spiers to be thus taken by the Count of Embden and and that Don Gonzales de Cordova was alreadie upon his march in the further parts of Luxemburg returnes home againe upon hearing of Don Cordovaes comming to passe the Mosel also into the Palatinate for the seconding of Count of Embden he sends part of the Armie towards Manheim first and returnes the other towards Mentz againe Manheim whence the Rhinegrave was with some of them sent towards the Mosel for the stopping of Don Cordova Wormbs was at that time also taken new order for Wormbs and that gallāt Cavalier Christopher Haubald who had lately taken Hanaw as P. 22 of our Sec. Part we told you now became their Governor Hanaw citie you may please to understand had beene restored to its Earle the Lord of it and Haubald with the Kings garrison drawne out of it He being now Governor of Wormbs had 24 foot-companies and one troope of horse left in it for his garrison the other 7 Cornets of horse which were in it when the Spaniards tother day marcht by it being now drawne out to augment the Armie Haubald first of all slights and dismantles part of the Suburbs the better to fortifie the citie at which worke causing 1500 Labourers to be daily employed he hoped within 14 or 16 dayes to make it so fensible as not to feare the first sight or terror of an enemie and Mentz strengthned Mentz had all this while beene new strengthned by the labours of 3000 Boores and souldiers and some new worckes made to it especially by the Gustavi-Stadt or New towne which the King of Sweden had caused to be added to it In this towne and a little before this had the Bailiffe of Mentz beene laid hold of and imprisoned by the Chancellor His fault was for having continued a secret corresponcie with his old master the Archbishop and for having made a late and secret voyage to him unto Cullen The Chancellor it seemes since the Spaniards marching by had beene abroad to looke to other places At his comming home about this April 20. the French Ambassador still resident in Mentz made a great complaint of the Colonel the Governor whom the Chancellor had left within the citie The cause was for that he upon the hearing of the Ecclesiasticks faction in Spires in favour of the Spanish had commanded those at Mentz to depart the citie and had arrested some of them for not obeying The wise Oxenstiern willing to gratifie the Ambassador released the arrest quietly and restored the Ecclesiasticks to their Cloysters Towards the end of April came the Queene of Sweden into Mentz whom the Chancellor with some gallanter troopes of horse went to meet withall Diverse Princes and Gentlemen both of the Countrey and Armie went also to receive her Majestie as farre as Costum The Queen of Sweden comes to Mentz about a mile or 2 from Mentz and on the other side of the Maine towards Franckford Here were 80 Companies of foot also put into Battaglia through whom the Queene with a traine of 20 coaches passing over the new made bridge tooke up her lodging in the Electorall Palace where shee remained till August after that she went towards Wurstburg The Queenes person
marches to the releife of it Metternich upon Horns comming raises his siege but Metternich getting intelligence of his comming needed not be bidden goe for that he the 15 of August in all hast raised his siege made all speed possible to recover into Heidleberg It so chanced that some few howers before that Mitternich had received tidings of Gustavus Horns comming he had dispatched a trusty Officer of his Armie a Corporall accompanied with 6 Horsemen with letters unto Ossa and Monte-Cuculi to give them newes of Horns comming and to desire this their last succours with which hee beleeved to take in the towne before it could be releived Horn came so suddenly upon Metternich at his rising that the Swedish Vant-curriers had alreadie surprised some of those laggs that had not made so much hast as they should into Heidleberg Some out-riders of the Swedes had light upon Metternichs Corporall likewise as he was now comming home againe from Monte-Cuculi The letters found about him discovered thus much that the next day being the 16 of August he would send some good troopes to reenforce the siege of Wiseloch A flying report after the dispatch of the Corporall was I know not which way brought unto the 2 Imperiall Generalls that Metternich had alreadie taken in Wiseloch but was himselfe by the sudden comming of some Swedish againe besieged in the place This false report caused them to send the very flower of their Cavallerie to disengage Metternich Gustavus Horn having by the Corporalls letters understood that Monte-Cuculi the next day would send some succours unto Metternich though this latter circumstance he understood not resolved to prevent their ever comming to him And whereas there was a place of Covert neere the Highwaies syde betwixt Rhinehausen whence the Imperialists were to come and Wiseloch the shadines of that place did Horn make choise of to dresse his ambush in out of which he meant to fall upon the others as they were bypassing Monte Cuculi sending 1000 Horse towards Wiseloch The next day came there a full thousand Horsemen along of the very flower of the Imperiall Armie lead by Colonell Vitzthumb a Colonel of Elsas Zabern as I take it and the Colonell Montbaillon who had the Reere of them Their owne strength and the mis-intelligence of their enemies posture whom they had thought to have surprised at the siege of Wiseloch made them advance with so much the more speed and securitie Horn had so ordered it at first that they should passe along by the place where his horse lay unto the Post where his Foot were lodged that so he might have gotten them into the middle of him But perceiving they are way-laid by Horn when they came something neere him that they strooke short downe on the tone side of him and did not come so right forward or so close to his ambuscado as hee expected he was faine to send out the Rhinegrave with a forlorne hope of Horse to engage them to the encounter whilest hee could bring up some stronger troopes to second him The Rhinegrave was presently upon the Polls of them for the Imperialists perceiving so few to come upon them never doubled or so much as mended their march for the matter Montbaillon a gallant Cavalier as it appeared drawing out some Curiassiers of Harincourts for his seconds now making a vertue of necessitie leads on some of his owne Horse to confront the Squadron of the Rhinegraves Montbaillon falling on lay too 't bravely fellow souldiers saies he Vitzthumb thereupon bringing up the rest of the forces The Swedish Felt-Marshall having made his game as well as ever he desired which was but to make them fight brings on some Squadrons of Horse and Foot upon the front and others upon both the flancks of the Imperialists Montbaillon by this time perceiving the cards to be pack't against him would faine have flung up his game have been gone towards Mingelsheim to the East of Wiseloch But the Swedish being dealt much the fairer would not consent they should goe off so without leaving their stakes behinde them There was Montbaillon shot dead with a Carabine and Treilly his Leiftenant-Colonel and defeated fell at the same time by him Diverse Rittmasters were there dismounted and above 200 of the common soldiers Vitzthumb scap't a scouring by his good Horsemanship and so did 6 or 700 others The Swedish had the chase of them till they came to Mingelsheim full 6 English miles from Wiseloch Diverse of the fleers having runne their horses out of breath were faine to light on foot and runne into the woods to hide them but a bush was not baile good enough to hold them from being prisoners Their Horses Armes and Buff-coats were good spoile to these that tooke them and so was their moneths meanes too which they were by the Law of Armes to pay for their ransomes The prisoners confest that these 1000 Horse were the very pride of their Armie almost halfe of them being Curiassiers and Dragooners and that the rest were not much to bee redoubted Ossa and Monte-Cuculi having newes by those that escaped of this soare defeat looked for no more courtesie Monte-Cuculi fleeing over the Rhine if they should there expect the Swedes comming and thereupon they the very same day leave their old quarters at Oberhausen and Rhinehausen and hie them away towards Vdenheim The boats which they had before gottē together to surprise Spiers withall they were now enforced to convert to another purpose to carrie namely their luggage towards Vdenheim and there the selfe-same night and next morning to waft themselves over the Rhine in them The next day August 17 being Friday comes Gustavus Horn unto Rhinehausen in pursuite of his enemies but there found he none besides some sick and maimed men who had not been able to follow after their fellowes By them did Horn learne how their 2 Generalls had passed over the Rhine and being pursued to the bancks of it by Gustavus Horn and the project they had for their many boats to have taken Spiers citie The Imperialists staid not upon the further side of the Rhine neere the place where they had passed it but hasting along to the Southward by the side of it they goe immediately towards the faire citie of Hagenau in Alsatia they go to solicite Hagenaw about 10 English miles from Strasburg This towne they solicite to their partie but the townsmen liked better to stand upon their owne guard then to undoe thēselves by the chargable entertainement of such guardians Now doe Ossa and Monte Cuculi solicite the 3 Regiments of Bronckhorst joyne forces with the 3 other Regiments Metternich and Roelingen to come and joyne with them which their owne safeties made the other willing enough to consent unto The Marquesse William of Baden now puts his subjects to it to doe their uttermost for their owne safeties which was for them to take Armes as many as could be
being upon the very frontiers of Triers Countrey taking townes and castles in it Then winnes he Draconfelt a very strong Castle upon a high hill so named say the Countrey people from S. George his killing of the Dragon The hill though very high yet was it commanded by another hard by it neither hills nor Castle being defended as they should have beene This service was done by the English and Scottish Brigade and here was found good plenty of provisions December the third was the Armie mustered at Konickswinter and December the tenth were the English Scottish and Irish Brigade reduced December the eleventh was Dutz taken right against Cullen but December the twelfth they were by the Ordnance from the towne of Cullen againe beaten out of it But of these things slightly because beyond my time of the Kings death and for that I could come at no particular instructions There was a Iournall of these Actions brought into this Land but it was not my good fortune nor my Readers to light upon it I confesse I might have enlarged my selfe out of Le Soldat Suedois had I knowne where to have trusted him The Count of Pappenheim having thus chased away Leiftenant Generall Baudissins part of the Army turnes now against Generall Lunenburgs Division before Wolfenbuttel for within 4 dayes of Baudissins retreate were the 1400 Horse thrust into the towne as hath beene before recited And now turnes Pappenheim who might doe what he pleased against the towne of Hildesheim upon which hee had before vowed to be revenged Being set downe before the towne he plants those 9 Ensignes which had beene taken from Lunenburg and the Brunswickers at Wolfenbuttel Pappenheim besieges Hildesheim upon one of his Batteries next the towne which he caused them to understand were Baudissins Colours and that he had utterly overthrowne him This he did to put the townsmen out of all hope of being that way relieved Here sate hee downe September 26 where battering the townsmen with bigge words as well as the towne with his great Ordnance he had already cow'd and daunted their courages whereas their towne might have held out tenne times longer Pappenheims Approaches and his Batteries so terribly puzled the honest Burgers that they beganne to listen to a Parlie faine would they have made their owne conditions had not their enemie knowne well enough hee had to deale with those that would yeeld to any thing Pappenheim continuing stout peremptorily made proffer to them of these 5 Conditions which he vow'd he would not alter from 1. First that out of his meere favour and grace to them and takes it by composition he would at present burthen their towne with no greater a garrison then of 2000 which according as he had occasion he would draw out and lighten 2. That they should give him 200000 Dollars present contribution in consideration whereof he would give order that strict military discipline should be observed by his Soldiers whom he would forbid plundering 3. That the Lutheranes should still be left in the free exercise of their religion and be enforced to alter nothing in it 4. That the townsmen should have free leave either to goe or stay as they pleased 5. That there should for the time be a cessation from shooting on both sides and yet should he be suffered to worke on still in his Approaches and to bring forward his Lines even to their very Ports until such time as they should be set open to him Upon these most dishonourable conditions was the strong excellently wel provided town of Hildesheim the last day of September yeelded up unto the Count of Pappenheim You have here no mention of any conditions for soldiers marching out for indeed there was none but the townes ordinary garrison now in it for notwithstanding that the Duke of Lunenburg had left 2 of his Regiments there at his going thence to Duderstat yet had he drawne them out againe at his late going to Wolfenbuttel At this easie taking of so mighty a strong and well provided a Citie Pappenheim himselfe could not choose but wonder Hildesheim was much easier then Maestricht to him Being master of it he used it thereafter Cowards he knew would endure any thing Now gives he order to have all the townsmens plate laid hold of and carryed into the Statehouse and that to make present downe payment of the 200000 Rixe Dollars agreed upon A very great quantity of victualls and ammunition he causes to bee taken out of their Magazines which hee sent into Wolfenbuttel This was the place that he was most carefull of for besides that it so curbed and awed the neighbour Brunswickers it was a sure retreate for himselfe upon all occasions Having setled things in these parts where no businesse and scarce a considerable enemie appeared hee was in this beginning of October commanded from the Court of Vienna to march up to his Generalissimo the Duke of Fridland Pappenheim leaving the Count of Gronsfelt about the Weser Leaving therefore the Count of Gronsfelt in these parts to looke to the Duke of Lunenburg and the Count of Merode being sent a little after this towards Cullen against Baudissin himselfe with the greatest and best part of his Armie being some 8000 reall men marches up into Misnia His march lay altogether thorow Brunswickland to the Southward the rivers of Leine and Weser being upon his right hand Into Duringen he first comes a rich and enemy countrey to him All the better such rich and weake enemies had he a desire to deale withall marches up himselfe to joyne with Walenstein Having passed by Duderstat and the Countrey of Eischvelt the next good place to that in the very edge of Duringen is the great towne of Mulhausen famous sometimes for the Diets of the Empire Presenting his Grosse before this together with the terror of the name of Pappenheim and the example of Hildesheim it yeelds to pay him 80000 Dollars Thence sends he 3 troopes of 150 Horse unto Isenach a stronger place and more out of the danger as being 15 English miles to the South of Mulhausen Being denyed here these Horsemen plunder Creutzberg in their returne a little towne some 5 English miles to the North West of Isenach towards Mulhausen From Mulhausen he advances due Eastward unto Thomasbruck and there he gets contribution Thenstat He fetches contribution out of the townes of Duringen an opener towne some 11 miles further hee causes to be summoned and whereas the townsmen could not so suddenly bring up the demanded contribution the Pappenheimers hang up 3 of the chiefe Burgers upon a tree and who being halfe dead they cut downe againe Gebesen he also fetches money out of and sends to the Citie of Erfurt that if they would have their Countrey townes spared they should send him 20000 Dollars Duke William Weymar lay then sicke in the towne with some 3000 men so that Erfurt not fearing their owne walls either sent
could have beene contented to have robbed the Church of himselfe now its Patrone and have stolne away over the Oder But there was the Saxon Colonell Kalckstein enquartered with his Regiment of Dragooners Goetz thus put to it was faine to treate upon conditions of rendring for all which he could obtaine no other but the selfe-same Articles which his Generalissimo had sometimes given to those of Prague which was to march out only with their swords without Armes Drummes or Colours Great Glogaw having thus changed her master They take Great Glogaw though Walenstein would not lay downe his Title the Swedish and Saxish Armies being able together to make up some 14 or 15000 men thinke themselves strong enough to attempt upon the countrey They first send to summon Sagan another of Walensteins Dukedomes about 20 English miles to the West of Great Glogaw which together with its neighbours Neustedlen Prunka Sprottaw and Freystad in that rich countrey betwixt the Oder and the Bober were faine to give entertainement and contribution unto the Swedish and draw the neighbour townes to contribution From hence at this time was Colonell Kalckstein with some 1800 Horse and Dragooners sent towards Steinau upon the Southern banck of the Oder about 18 English miles to the North East of great Glogaw aforesaid This is the Passe betwixt Glogaw and the citie Lignitz and it hath a Bridge over the river with a good Fort before it There lay one Imperiall Cornet and 4 Companies of Dragooners Steinau Fort taken by the Saxons for the guard of it This did Kalckstein surprise with some boates in the Oder at this Bridge with good Merchandise in them Thence advances he Southwards towards Lignitz which hath a particular Duke of his owne a Lutheran The place is betweene 2 small rivers 10 miles from the Oder Here abouts some forces making opposition Kalckstein cut off betwixt 20 and 30 of them and tooke 100 more which became his soldiers Kalckstein having given advertisement to Arnheim and Dubalt of the posture of the towne and that it depended upon it selfe without having any Imperiall garrison in it Arnheim presents his Armie before and sends to know the Dukes pleasure whether he pleased to be Imperiall or would declare himselfe Swedish Lignitz both Duke and towne accorded with Arnheim The Duke seeing an Army at hand which were likely to call to him for an answere professes himselfe their friend and that he and his towne should give free passage and reliefe unto both Swedish and Saxon Armies This profession was the safeguard of the towne and an advantage to the Protestant Armies some of which now going into the towne and enquiring whither there were any of the enemies goods there or no found 4000 paire of provant shooes there and some other necessaries provided by Colonell Goetz for his Regiment Arnheim having onely lodged 1000 muskettiers in the towne sends back the greatest part of his Armie towards great Glogaw Arnheim advances against the Imperialists himselfe with some Cavalery field peeces advancing towards Goldberg a Fleck some 14 English miles to the South of Lignitz whereabouts some Imperialists were now assembled Having notice upon his march that they were retyred thence and gone to Lemburg upon the river Bober towards the frontiers of Lusatia and that Don Balthasar was there himselfe with his whole forces hee faces it about towards great Glogaw retyres from them to joyne againe with Dubalt who was busied in fetching contribution out of the countrey Here at Lemburg was the whole Imperiall Army which might be some 12000 strong now rallyed together there were the Counts of Mansfelt and Schaumburg with Sergeant Major Generall Schaffgotzy and the chiefe Officers of the Field They having notice of the Duke of Lignitz being accorded with Arnheim and of his retyring to Glogaw apprehend a present resolution to fall upon Steinau Fort againe Don Balthazar recovers Steinau so to cut off the Passe to Lignitz This they effect fortunately enough for that there was as little opposition there made against them as had at the former taking beene against Kalckstein This done Don Balthasar thinkes to advance towards Great Glogaw hoping to finde the Swedish and Saxon Armies not yet comne together but busied about the Countrey and so to fall in amongst their Quarters But therein they were deceived for they had not advanc't one league a half but they had the Alarme brought home to them how that both Arnheim and Dubalt were already marcht and within a league of them Vpon this newes Where the Swedes and Saxons coming upon them Don Balthasar counter-marches to the Passe at Steinau the neerest the safest strength which he thereabouts had the command of Behind this town and in it they made Alt and there sate they downe with their Army Vpon Saturday August the seaventeenth came the Swedes and Saxons before Steinau and tooke up 2 severall Quarters before it Dubalt with his Swedes and Brandenburgers had a sandy hill before the enemyes Leaguer and upon that getting up 2 Batteryes and 20 peeces of Ordnance he cruelly with murthering shot c. thundered both upon the towne and the Imperiall Leaguer Arnheim hee charges upon their Horse Quarters at the same time first rout their Army and Dubalts Cavalery falls upon another flanck of them who being now much distracted by the raking of Dubalts Ordnance thorow their Battalions their Horsemen after a charge or two tooke the rowt upon it running Eastward towards Schweinitz and Breslaw some 4000 of their Foot having thrust themselves into the Fort. In this fight as I find 2 severall writings for were some 2000 Imperialists slaine there might perchance be halfe so many and hardly more for that they stood not long enough to it Chace there could be none for that the Imperialists having first sent away their ordnance and baggage towards Breslaw tooke care enough to burne Steinau bridge behind them Now does the Protestant Army lay seige to the Fort and to them in it which the next day Aug. nineteenth they falto to batter upon T is written that Don Balthasar himself with the Coūts of Schaumberg Mansfeld besides other Grandees of the Army were now within the Fort but I thinke they had too much wit to coope up themselves in a Counting-house This ill lucke they had that the fourth day of the seige within the Fort some of their powder tooke fire and the towne fell into a flame by Dubalts shooting Divers therefore here miscarried Schaffgotzi was shot in the shoulder with a musket and the rest sav'd themselves either by getting over the Oder or by boates downe the streame of it Colonell Goetz was comming to their reliefe but meeting the newes of All 's lost and then recover Steinau he retyred to Schweinitz Don Balthasar and the rest recovered to the walls of Breslaw whereabouts the Army beganne to come to a head againe And thus upon Friday August
farre from the Oder leaving some troopes to maintaine the Bridge notwithstanding The Imperialists retyre a little Towards evening the Imperialists sent divers of their best baggage-wagons with 4 great peeces of Ordnance each drawne by 20 or 24 Horses and a goodly Mortar to be taken into Breslaw for feare as the messengers said least the Imperiall Army in their retreate should be forced to leave them to their enemies The gunnes were taken in for that the citie could answere for them they having lent more peeces then those unto the Emperor As for the Baggage they would not meddle with it for feare the sheltering of enemies goods should occasion a quarrell with the Swedes and Saxons who had yet done no injury to the townsmen That night was there command given thorow the Citie that every Burger upon pain of losing his Freedome should meet the next morning at the Statehouse There and then were these 5 demands made from Don Balthasar and the Imperiall Army 1. Whether the Citie would stand firme to the Emperor 2. And serve his Armie with victualls and Ammunition 3. In case the Army should not be able to maintaine it as they feared against their enemies whether they might have the favour to retreate into the Citie 4. Whether they would grant passage to the Army thorow the towne 5. And if their Armie were put to the retreate whether the Citie would favour them with their Ordnance from the walls and so afford them their best assistance The Cities answere was 1. For the Emperor they were resolved as they were obliged to live and die 2. Victualls and Ammunition for the Armie they could not spare them because that little they had there was need enough of in so populous a Citie And yet if they could be assured how their towne should be maintained against the Swedes Saxons they would afford whatever they found their Magazines able to spare them 3. As for the retreate of the Armie into their Citie that might they by no meanes afford them 4. As for leave of marching thorow their Citie that could they not imagine how it could bee convenient either for the towne or Armie for that seeing they must likewise afford the same favour to the Swedish they should thereby bring their citie into a most eminent danger 5. As for favouring them with their Ordnance from the walls until they should have made their retreate far enough that were farre lesse expedient for them And therefore they would intreate the Army to consider how much inconvenience must needs be drawne upon the City by it For whereas the Swedish had hitherto offered no hostility either unto the City or any belonging to it they had no reason to provoke them first of all which if they should doe they should never be able to give an account for it to posteritie This courtesie they hoped for from the Imperiall Army that if the Swedish should offer to assault their Citie they would thē be ready to relieve it The towne having thus handsomly declined rather then denyed these demands the Imperiall Officers all abashed at it repaired to their leaguer About noone the same Thursday came there a letter unto the Magistrates from the Generall Dubalt full of good language and profession Therein was the sincerity of his Majestie of Swedens purposes expressed Dubalt writes to the City full of desire to relieve all the oppressed concluding all with a desire of victualls for thankes and money Victuals were denyed for all which those of the Suburbs came into the towne to buy which they plentifully went and sold unto the Swedish Now come the soldiers to St. Nicholas gate and close under that they bring their wagons to be sheltred The most part of the Imperiall Armie in the meane time forsooke their owne leaguer and retyred into that Suburb on the other side of Breslaw called Elbing the Swedish in the meane time continuing their assault upon those left at the Oder strive to force their passage over it Friday the last of August betimes in the morning the rest of the Imperiall Army brake up and came before the Oder gate and so retyred into the said Suburb Here staid they not full 2 houres The Imperialists flee but in great hast retyred themselves some North Eastward to Namstau others North Westward to Auris whence t was thought they would have gone out of the countrey About noone the same day came the Swedish rushing into the said Suburb of Elbing having by boates gotten over the Oder Here made they havock of whatsoever the Imperialists had left behinde them but doing no wrong unto any of the Breslawers Just then was newes brought that other Swedish had slaine 200 Imperialists taken Colonell Rotstall prisoner with 300 horsemen more at Olaw bridge 16 English miles to the South East of Breslaw which were there set to maintaine the Passe over the river Olaw which falleth into the Oder at Breslaw Saturday morning September the first the Citizens of Breslaw were to meet in the Statehouse and there to declare themselves whether they would admit the Swedish and Saxon Armies into their towne make an accord with them or otherwise runne the hazzard of hostilitie And thus farre my Breslaw Author hath beene my Intelligencer Those that had taken Rostall at Olaw bridge aforesaid were of Arnheims Armie who whilest Dubalt was thus employed about Breslaw was with the most of his owne Saxon forces other where taken up in the Countrey And hee having understood that the Imperialists had another Bridge over the Oder right against Olaw aforesaid thitherward goes hee about August the twentie sixth to force that and that way to come at the Imperialists Arnheims Actions His having done this forced the Imperialists so soone to quit their Breslaw leaguer as hath beene before said Hearing this Bridge to be maintained by Colonell Rotstall and 400 muskettiers hither sends he Leiftenant Colonell Dahn with 600 Horse and 500 muskettiers He getts the passe at Olaw Now whiles Rotstall stayes too long to burne downe the Bridge there was he taken and his men defeated August the 29 comes Arnheim to repaire the bridge and Colonell Eckstadt with 15 troopes of Horse 300 muskettiers and 2 peeces of Ordnance is sent to hinder him To stave off him is Leiftenant Colonell Schidner sent with some of Kalcksteins Dragooners by whom is Eckstadt forced to retreate into a wood a little from the Oder August 31 comes Sergeant-Major-Generall Schaffgotzi to helpe Eckstadt hiding himselfe in the said wood to be ready to cut the Saxons in peeces so soone as ever they should have passed over That night Arnheim having finisht his bridge was ready to have put over his forces but hearing in time of Schaffgotzi's comming followes forbeares it All that day night had the Saxon Ordnance so thunderd into the wood that so soone as ever Schaffgotzi heard Arnheims bridge finished whom he suspected to have beene strong enough