twelve Squadrons a piece and the Squadrons a hundred and fifty Troopers The Foot for the most part consist of five thousand men that is to say of six Battallions The Battallions of the Regiment of Guards contain five Companies and the Companies an hundred and fifty Souldiers The Battallions of the other French Regiments consist of sixteen Companies and the Companies of fifty Souldiers three parts Musketeers and the fourth Pikes The Swisse Battallions have only four Companies but every company contains an hundred and fourscore men Every French Battallion besides the sixteen Companies that compose it has likewise a Company of fifty Granadeers which marches always twenty paces before the Commander The body of the Horse is divideâ— into the Gensdarms and the lighâ— Horsemen The Gensdarms are the Troops of the Kings houshold of the Queens and of other Princes whereof the members have still retained the name of Gensdarms because heretofore they were armed Cap-a-pied and their Horses Caparisoned The Light-horsemen â—re that which now a days we call the Regiments of Light-horsemen which consist for most part of â—ix Troops every Troop of fifty Troopers commanded by Masters-de-camp by whose names the Regiments are sometimes called The Dragoons are souldiers armed with Fire-locks Swords and Bayoâ—ets or Daggers who fight sometimes on foot and sometimes on â—orseback according as occasion requires They are employed in the â—eizing on Passes and therefore they â—re not ranked in the body of the Army but march either on the front â—r wings according as the General â—hinks fit The Artillery is a Magazine or Store of all the Arms and Instrument necessary for the War under thâ— command of the great Master of Aâ—tillery who has under him Lieutenant Generals Commissaries anâ— many other Officers of whom we shaâ—â— speak in the following Chapters We call Provisions the stores â—â— Bread Corn and Meal appointed for the sustenance of the Forces under the conduct of the Commissary General of the provisions who hatâ— private Commissaries under him An Army is only to be commandeâ— by one Head who is called the General and has under him Lieutenant Generals Marshals de camp Brigâ—deers and many other Officers â—â— being now my design to speak of eaâ—â— Charge severally I shall begin wiâ—â— that of the General CHAP. II. Of the General of an Army THE General is to an Army what the soul is to the body and as nothing acts in this but by the motions of the soul so also that great number of Regiments ought to do nothing but by orders from their head And therefore that charge requires not only a person who is brave and expert but also who by birth conduct liberality and civility has rendered himself conspicuous His Valour makes him terrible to his Enemies and his Experience begets so great confidence in his souldiers that they seem almost assured of Victory before they fight but his Birth encreases his Authority and the respect that is due to him his Conduct preserves his men and renders them victorious his Liberality procures him friends and favourers and by his Civility he gains the hearts of his Officers and Souldiers On the prudence of the General depends the safety of the Army and in my opinion that quality is more necessary to him than courage The bravery of Leaders wanting conduct has sometime reduced things to extremities And therefore he to whom a Soveraign hath intrusted the command of an Army should well forecast his measures before he go into the Field that is to say place his Magazins in the most commodious places take good information of the Country which he intends for the seat of the War not to advance therein so far with his Troops but that he know how to make their retreat and by what means to make them subsist and above all things to post himself so advantageously that he may always be master of giving or avoiding Battel Before he undertake any thing he should always consult the chief Officers of his Army but never acquaint any with his resolution to consider well his occasion in giving Battel and not to hazard all his Forces in the fight endeavouring to overcome his enemy asmuch by industry as by force as in surprising him in disorder his souldiers stragling weary wet starved with hunher cold or any other bad accident He should the rather addict himself to liberality that we have several examples of affairs ruined and Troops discomfited by the sole avarice of Generals who withheld the souldiers pay cut off one half of what was necessary and were at no expence in entertaining Pensioners and Spies The reward that is given to them is of so great consequence that without that a General can never know any thing of the designs of his Enemies he will remain still ignorant of their force and shall never have account of their enterprises in a word frugalitie is of no use in War but in husbanding the lives of souldiers It ought to be the chiefest care of a General to procure the love of all men and especially of his Officers that is to be done by treating them civilly hearing their reasons praising and recompencing good actions and punishing the bad A General never succeedâ— well if he have drawn upon himself the aversion of his Army by rugged hasty and fantastical carriages and if that be his humour he may very well say that he has two Enemies to deal with The Vicecount of Turen had this advantage that he had acquired the universal love of his Souldiers and there was not an Officer nor Souldier in his Army who would not with all his heart have sacrificed himself for him and it may be said that his mildness and civil way of carriage have contributed to his conquests as much at least as his courage But yet a General should not be so mild and civil as not to be rigorous when need requires and cause his Orders most severely to be obeyed otherwayes Military discipline would become licentious and therefore he should dis-charge his souldiers to disband and leave their ranks to go plunder in a friends Country nor yet in an Enemies without permission causing such as trespass to be severely punished and obliging the Commanders to look to it under the pain of being called to an account for their neglect The duty of a General is to order the March of the Army and the place of Camping to visit the Guards send continually out Parties to skirmish that they may bring him news of the Enemy to give every evening the word to the Lieutenant Generals Mareschals de Camp Major General and appoint what is to be done in the night time or next day On the day of battel he is to seize on the most advantageous post chuse his ground and order his battel he is to post his Artillery command the Baggage to retire and send off his detachments At the Siege of a Town Fort or Castle he is to order the investiture to be made mark
persons at each Post the first Lieutenant General at the right Wing the second at the left with Mareschals de Camp others at the second Line and some with the body of Reserve where he continues himself during the Fight after that he hath given his orders in all places and from whence he sends assistance to the weakest posts When all things are rightly disposed he observes the Enemies countenance and their order of Battel he begins the Charge at that side where he finds himself to be strongest making his Troops to good purpose fight the one after the other and not all at the same time and ordering them to observe their distance so well that the former being overthrown may not fall back on those who are to second them If the first Line be so warmly charged by the Enemies that it is forced to give ground the second is in all readiness to engage whilest the disordered Troops Rallie again and return afresh to the Charge and therefore a General ought to have many good Officers under him to remedy all the Accidents that may happen during the Fight It being impossible that he can be in all places himself or give orders any where but in the side where hâ— is when his Army has got the better he should never suffer his men to Plunder or pursue unless the Enemy be wholly broken and though it be good to pursue vigourously yet he must still keep some Troops in good order who leave not their Ranks that so they may prevent all inconveniencies The end of the First part THE ART OF WAR The Second Part. Which treateth of the particular Charges of Horse and Foot of the manner of conducting and of exercising Soldiers CHAP. I. â—f the Officers-General of the Light Horse-men HAving in the first Part discoursed of Charges and of what concerned an Army and plaâ—â—s in general I shall in this treat of particular Officers and of all thâ—â— they are obliged by their employments The first charge of the Light Horâ—â—men is that of the Colonel General whose power is to command them â—â— all places to send them out in Part â—â— give them the order of fighting takâ— inspection of the Officers to see they do their duty if the Troops â—â— in good condition to casheer insuâ—â—cient Troopers and turn off bad Hoâ—ses He serves commonly the Arâ—â— in quality of Lieutenant General aâ—â— the new Officers are obliged to appâ—â— themselves to him This Charge at present possessed by the Couâ—â— d'Auvergne who on many occasioâ—â— has given proof that he was not uâ—worthy to succeed to the Offices his Uncle Monsieur de Turenne The Master General de Camp coâ—mands in absence of the Colonel wâ—â—â— the same Authority as at presâ—â—â— doth the Marquess of Renel Lieuâ—â—nant-General of the King 's Armiâ—â— The Charge of Commissary-General is the third possessed be Monsieur de la Cordomere Lieutenant General of the King's Armies He keeps a Roll of all the Light Horse men musters them when he thinks fit obliges the Captains to keep their Troops full casheers bad Troopers and little Horses and gives the King an exact account of the strength of Companies and of the Conduct of all the Officers The Light Horse-men have their particular Quarter-masters whose duty is to go to the place of encamping with the Marshal de Camp for the day and to receive from the Quarter-Master General of â—he Army the Ground that is appoinâ—ed for the Horse And they are aâ—ongst the Light Horse-men what â—he General Quarter-Master is to the Army And therefore it is necessary â—hey should be able and experienced â—nd that they be perfectly acquainted â—ith the Countries Woods Rivers â—asses and narrow Passages They take Orders from the Colonel General or from him who in his absence Commands the Horse CHAP. II. Of Masters de Camp and Majors of Horse IT is not very long since there was no talk in France of Regiments of Light Horse-men there were none but Troops of Ordinance which have been since made into Regiments the Command whereof has been given to Officers who have been qualified with title of Master de Camp which is the same thing as a Colonel of Foot A Master de Camp ought to be a man of Authority that he may absolutely command his Captains His chief Charge is to march at the head of his Regiment and to lead them into Fight to the place that the General has appointed him in the Vanguard Battel or Rere-Guard It is his duty to visit his Troops to cause the Guards to be well ordered changed and relieved hinder his Troopers from leaving their Ranks see if the Captains take care of their Troops if they be well furnished of Men Arms and Horses and to command the Officers to do what they ought He should render all obedience to the General Lieutenant Generals Marshals de Camp and to the Brigadeers yea and to the General persons of the Horse When he marches at the head of his Regiment it is his Post to be four paces before the Captains The Regiments of Horse who are strangers have Lieutenant Colonels but the French have only Majors who are always the eldest Captains and who command in absence of the Masters de Camp When a Regiment consists of several Squadrons the Master de Camp marches at the head of the first and the Major at the head of the second Every Regiment of Horse hath an Aid-Major whose Charge is to appoint the Quarters to place and relieve the Guards to make the Detachments to take the Word from the Major of the Brigade carry it to the Commander and give it about amongst the Quarter-Masters of the Troops CHAP. III. Of the Captains of the Light-Horse A Captain of Light Horse ought to be Brave Experienced Diligent and above all things very Careful His duty is to lead his Troop whithersoever he is commanded by his Master de Camp or by the General He ought to have a care of his Troopers often visit their Horses see if they be well kept and that they want for nothing His place is always to be before his Company some paces unless it be in the day of Battel and then he puts the puttocks of his Horse into the first Rank of the Squadron When he is â—n Quarter he ought to instruct his Troopers how to use their Arms ride their Horses form a Squadron put themselves again into Battel-Array when they are broken by a Halt or by the way and above all things to â—each them the Quarter Wheeling in French le Quart de Conversion which is the principal motion of the Horse The Captain has power to â—reate in his Troop a Quarter-Master â—nd three Brigadeers and the King â—upplies the Charges of Lieutenant â—nd Cornet The Command amongst Captains â—â— quite different in Horse from what â—t is in Foot In Foot they command â—ccording to the Seniority of their Regiments but in Horse they follow â—nly the date of their Commissions â—â—at is observed
of Arachon The Castle of Laictonre on the River of Gers. In Xaintonge Brouage on the Sea side The Castle of the Isle of Oleron St. Martin in the Isle of Re. In Bretagne The Citadel of Belle-Isle Blavet or Port-Lowis at the Mouth of the River of Blavet Brest a Sea Port on the Bay of Brest The Castle of Nantes on the River of Loyre In Anjou The Castle of Angiers on the River of Loire The Castle of Saumur on the Loire In Normandy The Citadel of Havre de Grace a Sea Port at the Mouth of the Seine The Fort of St. Michael in the Sea The Castle of Caen on the River of Orne The Citadel of Dieppe a Sea Port at the Mouth of the River of Eaune In Sicily The Town of Messina a Sea-Port Augusta An Explication of the terms of War CAmp volant is a little Body of an Army that keeps the Field to oppose the inrodes of Enemies incommode their Countrey hinder their Convoys and to throw themselves into the places which they have a design to Besiege Brigade is a Division of the Army Van-guard is a part of the Army that keeps in the Van when it is on a March. The main Body is the gross of the Army which marches between the Van-guard and the Rear-guard The Rear-guard is a part of the Army which marches after the main body Colonne or Pillar is the File of an Army when it Marches Lines are several Regiments ranked in Battel away The body of reserve is a part of the Army which the General Posts behind the Lines in time of Battel to succour the weakest Posts Parties are commanded out to Skirmish to oblige the Enemies Countrey to contribution make Prisoners and to learn News Convoys are Guards to conduct the necessary Ammunition of the Army Camp the place where an Army lies in the Field The Kings Quarters is the place where the General general Persons and all their Train lye Park the place where the Artillery Encamps Squadron several 〈…〉 ranked in Battalia in three Ranks Battaliou several Foot ranked in Battalia A Bâ—ttaliâ—â—â—â—â—sists of two Divisions of Musketeers and a Centre of Pikes Defile a close and narrow Passage through which the Army cannot march but by Files To File off is to march an Army by four or six a Front by a whole Body half Body or Quarter Body Division six Ranks of Soldiers when a Battalion Files off To make a halt stop at some place The great Guard is a Squadron posted half a League behind the Camp towards the Enemy to secure the Army A Court of Guard Soldiers sent out to Guard a Post-under the command of one or more Officers Sentinel a Soldier placed at some distance from the Court of Guard to hearken and give notice Vedette A Horseman sentinel To be in Faction or Duty the same thing as to be Sentinel To go the Round is to go round the Ramparts and Trenches in the Night time to hear from without and to see if the Sentinels do their duty To go the Pratrouille is to visits the Quarters and Streets in the night time to hinder disorders Evolutions Motions and Figures which a Battalion is made perform To mount the assault is to mount a Breach Scale and enter into a place with Soldiers Ambuscade a place where Soldiers lurk to surprise an Enemy in passing Detachment a certain number of Officers and Souldiers which are furnished by the several Regiments To seize the heights to get possession of commanding places To block up a place is to seize on the Avenues To make Fire is to shoot uncessantly Enfiler to draw out in length from whence cometh oâ—vrage enfile or a Work drawn out in length which lies open To lye in Bivonac is to pass the night in Arms. Fair main Bass is to put all to the Sword To Attacque on the Flank is to attacque on the sides An Explication of Peeces Names and Terms proper to the Art of Fortification PLan the representation of a Work in it's length and breadth Profil the delineation of the same Work represented in it's heights and Latitudes Redout a little Work four Faces and a single Parapet or casting up of the Earth of a Ditch round about it A Star a work with many Faces made up of parts which Flank one another To Flank is to defend on the Flank or side To be Flanked is to be defended on the side The flanking Angle is that which looks and is drawn into the Face called therefore the entering Angle The Angle Flanked is that which juts out called therefore the Salleying or pointing Angle Parapet a casting up of Earth to cover the Defender Banquette a Degree or step of Earth or Turf to shoot over the Parapet Entrenchment a place Entrenched and covered to be secured in Reduit a turning by way to catch the Enemy on the Flank or when he advances Epaulement or Shoulder work is a Face of a Wall or Earth which covers the Defendants Enceinte the Works round a place made up of Bastions and Courtins Bastion a Bulwark made in form of a jutting Angle with two faces and two Flanks furnished with a Parapet and Banquet Cavalier a place of earth raised to place the Canon upon and to command the Enemy Rideau a place fit to cover men until they approach to the foot of a place as a Hillock or little Hill Orillon a little Advance made at the point of the Shoulder of a Bastion to cover the Flank Circumvallation and Contravallation is a Composition of Redoubts little Forts and Angles with Trenches and Lines of Communication from one to another round a place that is besieged A Trench a casting up of Earth by way of Parapet with a Ditch or Foss on the side of the Enemy The In-lines the Ditch towards the place to hinder Sallies Out-lines the Ditch towards the Country to hinder relief Lines of Communication which go from one Work to another Approaches Trenches of Approach towards the place to attack it otherwise called the Boyau Gut Contre-Approaches Works of the Besieged to hinder the Besiegers Works Redent a Reduit made up of Faces and Courtins Escarpe the Foot of the Wall Contrescarpe the side of the Ditch towards the Outside The Way of Rounds upon the Wall betwixt the Rampart and Parapet Fausse braye the low Works round the place between the Rampart and the Foss or Ditch for the defence of the Foss A Traverse a casting up of earth to cover men that they may not lye open The Low Flank or Casemate a place prepared in the Flank to lodge Canon in and to defend the Foss Merlons the Parapet and Covering of the Cannon Embrazures Openings through which the Cannon fire Cuvette a little Ditch made in the middle of the great Foss Coridor the covered Way which is on the Counterscarp round the place between the Foss and the Palissade Couronnemeut or a Crown-work is a Work made beyond the Horns to gain Ground and force off the Enemies A Half Moon a Fort or Work with two faces over against the Courtins environed with Fraizes to hinder ascending or descending Palissade Stakes planted straight upright upon the Parapet of the covered Way Fraizes Stakes that stick out under the Parapet of a Work bending downwards and parallel to the Horizon A Lodging a place covered A Gallery a covered way cross the Foss The Dehors Pieces made in and beyond the Foss Gabions great Baskets full of Earth to cover and secure Men with Mantelets a Portable Covering to make Approaches with Embarras Horse of Frize a piece of Wood stuck full of Stakes A Mine Fourneau Fougade to blow up Works Citadel a strong Castle to keep a Town in awe which hath its Gate on the side of the place and another to the out side called the Gate of Relief Donjon a place of Retreat in a Town or Place to capitulate in with greater security in case of Extremity page 116. 2. d part The Explication of the present Figures A Prosil of Fortification A The Rampart B the Banquet C the Parapet of the Rampart with its Talus or sloping part D the Fausse-braye at the bottom of the Courtin which de-fends the Foss E the Escarpe F the Foss G the Counterscarp H the covered Way I the Parapet of the covered way and the Glacis A Bastion A A the Angle of the Bastion and its faces B B the Flanks C the neck of the Bastion D D the end of the Courtins E the Foss F the covered Way A Half Moon A A The Point of the Half Moon and the face B the Neck C. the Foss of the Half Moon the half or third part as broad as the great Foss of the place D the Contrescarp E the Angle of the Contrescarpe FINIS THe so well entertained Work The new World of Words or a General English Dictionary containing the proper Significations and Etymologies of all Words derived from other Languages viz. Hebrew Arabick Syriack Greek Latin Italian French Spanish British Dutch Saxon c. useful for the Adornment of our English Tongue Together with the Definitions of all those Terms that conduce to the understanding of any of the Arts or Sciences viz. Theology Philosophy Logick Rhetorick Grammar Ethicks Law Magick Physick Chyrurgery Anatomy Chymistry Botanicks Arithmetick Geometry Astronomy Astrology Chiromancy Physiognomy Navigation Fortification Dialling Surveying Musick Perspective Architecture Heraldry Horse-manship Hawking Hunting Fishing c. To which are added The Significations of Proper Names in Mythology or Poetical Fictions and Historical Relations with the Geographical Descriptions of the chief Countries and Cities in the World especially of these three Nations wherein their chiefest Antiquities Battels and other most memorable Passages are mentioned as also all other Subjects that are useful and appertain to advance our English Language A Work very necessary for Strangers as well as our own Country-men or for all Persons that would rightly understand what they discourse write or read Now newly Reprinted and in this fourth Edition are added above five thousand Words more than was in the former Editions Printed for Robert Hartford and are to be sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhil near the Royal Exchange 1678.
Store-keepers Gunners and Saltpeter-men who serve as well in the Army as in the Towns Arsenals and publick work-houses of France The great Master receives orders from no Officer but the General and gives them out in his Park The Bells of the Towns that are taken by Assault or Composition belong to the Artillery and the great Master sends Officers to make inventory of what is found in the Magazines Of the Lieutenant Generals The Lieutenat Generals Command the Artillery and its Officers in absence of the great Master The duty of their charge is to go view the ground for the Batteries to mark them out cause them be raised with all diligence and put in condition of Battering the place and Enemies they have the care of causing to be brought into the Trenches all the Arms and Instruments that may be needful and there to appoint Officers to distribute and deliver them out Of Commissaries Every Piece in a Battery hath its Commissary and Officers to serve it a Commissary must be bold skilful and experienced because he it is that levels the Piece by means of the Viser and Wedges which he causes to be raised or lower'd as much as he thinks convenient according as he knows how the Pieces carry and what their burden is When a Cannon is fired the Commissary is to observe if the Bullet works the effect that he desires to the end he may retain or change the manner of levelling it Of Gunners Every Piece in a Battery ought to have its Gunner as well as Commissary the duty of the Gunner is so soon as the Piece hath fired to cool it with a Sponge dipped in Vinegar or Urine without losing of time to put in the Powder Wad and Shot Two of those that serve the Gun take care to place the Piece again into his place the Commissary levels it and gives order to fire A Gunner who understands his Trade well has special care not to put the Powder into a Piece that has just fired until he hath first cooled it because of the heat that remains long in the Metal Every Piece ought to have its men to serve it its Store of Powder and Bullets of size with a provision of Hay for Wads but in such a place as no sparks can flie to The Instruments necessary to a Cannon are the Sponges to cool it the Cartridges wherein the Powder for charging is put the Rammer which serves to Ram it and the Wedges for levelling Of Miners and Fire-work-men Miners and Fire-work-men are also members of the Artillery the former are commanded by a Captain of Miners and serve to Undermine Walls dig holes which the French call Fourneaux under the Lodgings and Mines for blowing up the Bastions and Works of a place The employment of the others is to throw Bombes and to make all sorts of Artificial Fire to be cast into the place that is Attacked or from the walls of that which is defended CHAP. XVIII Of the March of an Army IT is the Generals prudence to order the March of his Army according to the commodiousness of the Country and the knowledge he hath of the Enemies Forces A great Army marches commonly in three great bodies the Artillery and Baggage in the middle but the Country must not be traversed with Marishes or Rivulets and there must be an easy communication between one body and another If the Enemy be on the right hand and the left covered by a River the Equipage should march on the side of the River and the Army in a body or two on the side of the Enemy having alwayes Detachments of Horse or Dragoons in the Van-guard and on the Wings When an Army hath long narrow passages of Woods or Mountains to pass through the General sends of immediately some Regiments of Foot and lines his Squadrons with Battallions leaving Foot in the Woods or on the heights to facilitate the passage of the Artillery and Equipage and as his Troops get through he draws them up in Battel array and keeps them so until all the Army have passed the Pass When an Army Marches in a Country where there is no fear of any powerful Army and where the General would have them live more at their ease he divides them into several Bodies which he sends by several wayes under the Command of General persons appointing to all of them a general Rendezvous The Army in a March is divided into the Van-guard the body of the Battel and the Reer-guard the Van and Reer-guards are Commanded by Lieutenant Generals and Mareschals de Camp the General abides commonly in the body of the Army from whence he sends his Orders to all places where there is need of them by his Aides de Camp or Adâ—utants or by his Majors of Brigads The Cavalry is divided into two Bodies and the Infantry march in the middle betwixt them the first Brigades have the Van-guard and Reer-guard by turns that is that they who have the Van-guard to day have â—he Reer-guard to morrow that is lone by making the Army File off one day to the right and the other to â—he left CHAP. XIX Of Encamping The way of Encamping Horse first Line Foot Horse Second Line Park of Artllerie Park of the Provisions Kings Quarters The Huts of the Quarter Masters and Serjeants are alwayes at the head of the Troopers and Souldiers and the Officers Tents behind The Camp of the first Brigade of the Army is on the right hand of the first line that of the second on the left the third is posted on the right of the second line the fourth on the left and the rest in the Center according to their seniority this is observed among the Horse as well as Foot The Dragoons are never Encamped in the Body of the Army but have their Camp at the Head or on the Wings in that side where the greatest danger is serving alwayes as an out-Guard for the Army Every Regiment ought to have a Guard at the head of their Camp and the Mareschal de Camp for the day takes care to place the great Guard half a League beyond the Army towards the Enemy chusing for that effect a place where all the Avenues may be discovered there it continues during the day and at night draws off near the Army at the head of the Foot When an Army Encamps near the Enemy and there is no River to divide them the General Entrenches his Camp and makes his men pass the night in Arms. Page 53. 1. st part The way of Encamping Lines of Circomvallation Lines of Contravallation The Trenches The River Artillerie Bridg The Kings Quarters Guard CHAP. XX. Of Sieges and Attaques WHen a General intends to Besiege a place he causes it first to be invested by a Body of Horse under the Command of a Lieutenant General and a Mareschal de Camp to hinder all succours from entering it whilest he himself is expected with the rest of the Army The manner of Encamping
at a Siege is quite different from that of a March Here the Army ought to Environ the place in such a manner that nothing can enter it endeavouring as much as may be to keep the Camps without Cannon-shot If the place stand upon a River there is a Detachment made of one part of the Army which takes its Quarters on the other side with Bridges of communication where Redoubts are made wherein are placed strong Foot-guards If it be encompassed with hills the heights are to be possessed from which the Enemies might extreamly incommode the Besiegers if they are once become Masters of them In a Siege the Army Encamps with their back to the place the Battallions lined with Squadrons The Ingeneers mark out the lines of Circumvallation and Contravallation with Redoubts and Angles in fit distances and every Regiment works at them in the place of its Quarter The line of Circumvallation is that which is beyond the Camps designed only to hinder any relief to enter The line of Contrevallation is betwen the Camps and the place which cures the Besiegers from Sallies When the General hath ordered his Camps placed his Guards as well on the side of the place as of the Country about and that he hath appointed Lieutenant Generals to Command in each Quarter with orders what to do he goes with his Ingeneers to view the place and orders the Attaque to be made at the part which he thinks to be weakest for that end he commands the first Regiments of Foot to be in readiness in more or less number according to the strength of the Besieged that he may open the Trenches and orders as many Squadrons as he thinks convenient to mount the Guard of them and to beat back the Sallies of the Enemies the Regiments which are to open the Trenches make their Detachments before they draw out of their Camps they furnish the number of Labourers that the Ingeneers have required with Officers to lead them and the time of marching out drawing near the Majors draw up the Battallions the Chaplains make the accustomed Prayers with a short exhortation at the end whereof they give a general Absolution and the Souldiers cry God save the King throwing their Hats in the Air. The Regiments draw off in good order Drums beating the Officers with Pikes in hand the party Detached at their front and come to the place of working where they receive Orders what to do from the Lieutenant General for the day or the Mareschal de Camp So soon as day ends all the Cavalry of the Army except those who have the Guard go and bring Faggots to the Reerward of the Trenches they who are appointed to defend the Labourers lay themselves on their Bellies some paces beyond the Counterscarpe and part of the Souldiers commanded to work begin to dig and cast up the earth according as it hath been marked out to them by the Ingeneers whilst the others bring them Faggots and Mattocks The Trenches ought to be six foot and a half high and four broad with Banquets for the convenience of the Musketeers and the Ingeneers should carry them on in such a manner that they be not open to the place when it cannot be otherwayes that part which is open is covered with great Faggots or Planks of wood called Madriers When two Attacks are made the first Regiment hath the right and the second the left The great Master or General of the Artillery carries on the works at the Batteries and brings thither the Cannon with a sufficient Provision of all that can be useful to the Trenches If there be no Rideaw Shelter nor Bottom or Depth at the Reer of the Trenches to cover the Horse-guard there are Earthen works called Espaulments cast up which must be Cannon proof behind which they place themselves So soon as day breaks the Lieutenant General causes all the men draw back within the lines of approaches called the Boyau where every one betakes himself to his Post that they may incessantly fire against the place whilest the Pieces of Battery do all they can to dismount the Enemies Guns and spoil their works All the Guards of the Trenches are relieved at the end of twenty four hours at the same hour that they were mounted and the Regiments that enter the Guard should continue the works as far as the Palissadoe They who come after Attack the Chemin couvert the Covered way they drive the Enemies from thence with Granadoes whilest others pluck up the Palissadoes and make there a lodging with Gabions Faggots and Sacks full of earth into which a Captain and Musketeers are placed for its preservation If the Ditches be full of water they are filled with Faggots stuffed with Stones When the half-moon which is to be carried is invested they blow it up with Mines and having driven the Enemies from thence they lodge themselves on it From thence they make a Gallery into the Ditch which joynes to the Bastion whereto the Miner is to be set whilest â—â— the mean time the Batteries are adâ—anced as far as the Covered way If â—he Gallery were in a dry Ditch the â—ieutenant General should not omit to â—ake Provision of several Hogsheads â—f water which is made use of to â—uench the Artificial fires that the Beâ—eged might throw from the Rampart â—pon the Gallery the Miner being â—odged at the foot of the Bastion he â—akes a Mine there and Charges it And when every thing is ready to give the Assault the General causes â—he Besieged to be summoned to renâ—er before the Mine play promising â—hem all good conditions if they had â—ather Surrender than abide the Asâ—ault Hostages are sent from either â—ide whilest the Capitulation is frameâ—ng which is no sooner Signed but â—hat the General Commands the two first Regiments of Foot with a Lieuâ—enant General to go take possession of the Place and establish Courts of Guard wheresoever there is need If the Capitulation bear that the Forces that were in Garrison should be Pâ—â—soners of War they are disarme and shut up in some convenient placâ— to which a strong Guard is put Bâ—â— if it be agreed upon by the Treatâ— that they shall march out with Bâ—â— and Baggage Drums beating Coloâ—â—â— flying lighted Matches and soâ—â— pieces of Cannon the General haâ—ing put his Men in Arms comes â—â— see the Enemies Garrison march oâ—â— the Officers at the head of their Coâ—panies who ought to salute him wiâ—â— their Arms and the Governour at tâ—â— Reer of all and sends with them Guard of Horse to Convoy them â—â— the place that hath been grantâ—â— them by the Capitulation It is the right of the first Foot-Râ—giments of the Army to take possessioâ— of all Conquered places to make tâ— themselves places of Armes to Guaâ—â— the Posts of them and there to coâ—tinue until there be a Commander anâ— Garrison established therein Anâ— the Army never decamps from before them till the breaches be firsâ— repaired the Works refitted the
by Companies and deliver it to the Fouriers When the Regiments â—â—e quartered in Towns or Villages they first appoint the Quarters of the Colonels theâ— of the Lieutenant-Colonels Majors Aid-Majors of the rest of the State-Major and their own afterward they appoint as many Quarters as there are Companies and make the Fouriers or Under-Quarter-Masters draw Billets for them who chuse the best Quarters for the Captains Lieutenants Sub-Lieutenants and Ensigns CHAP. XIII Of the Provost Marshal of a Regiment THe Charge of Provost Marshal is to pursue and apprehend Deserters and Delinquents He hath under him a Lieutenant a Clark six Archers or Officers and an Executioner He it is that sets Rates on the Provisions of his Quarters and they cannot be sold without his permission He appoints Flesh Markets and Slaughter houses he has the charge of causing the Camp be made clean he brings in Inditements interrogates and confronts the witnesses and the process being drawn up he carries it to the Major who gives the conclusions afterward the Colonel and Captains judge it On a March the provost Marsâ—al hath the charge of bringing up the Baggage of his Regiment and of keeping them in Order it is his care also to furnish Waggons for carrying the Sick to Hospitals CHAP. IV. Of Sergeants IT being in the Captain 's power to make Sergeants in his Company he ought to chuse such of his Souldiers as he knows to be stoutest most discreet and vigilant to fill those charges It is the Sergeants place to have a Roil of the Souldiers and their Quarters and go thither Morning and Eevening to visit them They ought to know the number of the Pikes and Musketeers and rank their Companies putting the best armed and strongest in the first Rank making them observe Military Discipline and all commands given them by their Officers in the Field and in Garison they teach the Souldiers to handle their Arms to keep in Rank and File And are to receive the Provisions and Ammunition from the Commissary distribute them amongst the Corporals set the Courts of Guard and Sentinels at the places which the Majors have appointed and visit them often When the Company marches their place is on the Flanks to keep the Ranks and Files even and straight and hinder the Souldiers from straggling or going out of order setting them right again with the Staff of their Halbard Every Evening a Sergeant of each Company should be at the place of Arms to receive the word from the Major and carry it afterward to the Captains and other Officers And in this manner the Order or Word is given So soon as the Major is come upon the place the Sergeants draw near him and make a Circle according to the Rank of their Companies beginning at his Right hand and ending at the Left The Major puts on his Hat and having recommended to them what is to be done extraordinarily he gives the word as low as can be to the first Sergeant on his Right hand who gives it about to the next and so successively untill it come to the last who gives it back to the Major that he may see if the word be right and not changed When there is any detachment the Sergeants acquaint their Officers with it they command out of every Company the number of Souldiers which the Major has demanded they take care to visit the Arms distribure amongst them necessary ammunition and to lead them to the Rendezvous In a Garison every Sergeant by turn should go to his Captain 's Quarters to see if the Escouade commanded for the Guard be compleat and furnished with all things necessary After the Retreat or Tattoe the Sergeants should go through the Lodgings to see if all the Souldiers be come in give an account to the Captain of the absent and sick and to acquaint the Major that he may cause them be carried to the Hospital The Sergeants of the Regiments of Guard being in Garison with other Regiments have the priviledge to make a Circle apart to receive the Word because of the honour they have in serving in the King's Guards CHAP. XV. Of Corporals Lanspassades and other inferiour Officers of a Company THE King entertains in every Companie three Corporals and five Lanspassades The duty of a Corporal is to command his Escouade to teach his Soldiers all that is necessary for them to know or do to hinder Quarrels and Disorders and acquaint the Captain with them because he cannot beat but only punish them by keeping them long at their sentinel post He is to have a Role of his Escouade tell the Souldiers what day they are to mount the Guard view their Arms and Bandeleers give them out the Provisions and Ammunition which the Sergeant hath delivered to him and to know who are best experienced that he may place them Sentinels and set them on the most important duties When he is on the Guard it is his duty to set the Sentinels in the places which the Major hath shewed him and to relieve them himself To send Lanspassades to visit them and to expect the Rounds and Countertounds who are to give him the Word He ought to charge the Sentinels to suffer no body to approach them though it were the General of the Army himself without presenting the Pike or Musket with a cock'd March nor to leave their Post unless relieved by the Corporal or forced by the Enemy then they may retire to the Court of Guard and the Court of Guard being forced may retire to the Camp The Corporal is to cause respect to be payed to the Court of Guard and command silence whether it be at the Gates or on the Walls that the noise may not hinder the Advertisements of the Sentinels from being heard He is to walk before his Court of Guard or appoint a Lanspassade to do it he is always to keep fire for Lighting the Matches and take care to have the Court of Guard furnished with Wood Coal and Candle In a Garison whil'st the Drums beat to Guard all the Corporals go to the Majors Quarters that they may there draw lots for the Posts and Rounds Heretofore the Lanspassades were dismounted Troopers who were made serve in the Foot during the Campain until their Captains gave them other Horfes they ease the Corporals and are as their Lieutenants In times of danger they go the perilous Rounds and are Sentinels Perdues otherways they are freed from duty The Fourier ought to have a List of all the Soldiers of a Company and make the distribution of Quarters He takes his Quarter from the Regiment Quarter Master then he marks out the Quarters of the Captain Lieutenant Sublieutenant Ensign Sergeants the Drummer's and his own and puts all the rest into Billets which he makes the Corporals draw by Lot who distribute them amongst the Souldiers Every Company should have a Surgeon commonly called Frater to dress the Sick and Wounded and shave the Souldiers being as a Mate to