consulted the Books of the Sybils where they found That all these Misfortunes were only owing to the Indignation of the God Mars Q. What Resolutions did they form upon this Discovery A. They vow'd to celebrate a Holy Spring and after that in the absence of the Consuls the people created Fabius Maximus Dictator and M. Minucius Rufus Master of the Horse Q. Where was Annibal at that time A. He was advanced as far as Spoletum which obliged the two Consuls Aemilius Paulus and Terentius Varro to hasten with their Army Q. Where did the two Armies meet A. Near Cannae a small Town scituated in Apulia Here did Varro put his men in a posture to receive the Enemies Q. Was this a bloody Fight A. Yes for there was near Forty five thousand Romans slain with Fourscore Senators and Paulus the Consul himself was killed Q. What remarkable Passages happen'd in this Battel A. The Consul Paulus having been wounded was in the midst of the hurry and confusion found covered with blood and dust by a Collonel of the Army Q. What said this Officer to Paulus seeing he was still alive A. Take my Horse and fly for your self Q. And what answer did Paulus make him A. No no use him your self cries he with a dying voice and go to Rome and bid the Senators from me fortify the Town before Annibal comes to attack it Q. Did he say any thing else to him A. Above all tell Fabius Maximus that I have liv'd and that I now dye remembring his Orders and Counsels so leave me here to expire amidst this horrible Slaughter of the Romans Q. Did the Slaughter continue a long time A. So long that Annibal commanded his Soldiers to desist and so great that he sent to Carthage Three Bushels of Golden Rings taken from the Fingers of the Roman Knights that were kill'd Q What happen'd after the Battel of Cannae A. Some young Romans were debating amongst themselves to abandon Italy Q. And had their design like to have pass'd in this Assembly A. Publius Cornelius Scipio a Collonel in the Army who was after sirnamed Africanus drew out his Sword and swore he would kill the man who would not take an Oath never to go out of Rome Q. Did not the Romans desire a Peace A. No they were so far from demanding a Peace of the Carthaginiaâ—s that receiving advice that the Consul Varro whose rashness was in part the cause of that cruel Loss was on his way home all the City went out to meet him to thank him because he had not despair'd of the Safety of the Common-wealth Q. What do they say of Annibal A. That if he had known how to make use of a Victory as well as he did how to get one Rome had been utterly ruin'd Q. Where was Annibal then A. Near Capua which he reduced under his Obedience as well as a great part of Italy Q. Had he always the better on 't A. No for Capua proved as fatal to him as Cannae had been to the Romans Q. How came that about A. Because he and his Army abandon'd themselves to the Effeminacies and Pleasures of that place and staid a long time there so that he never thought of pursuing his Conquests which gave the Romans time to take breath again Q. What did the Romans do in this Exigence A. All the Roman Youth the Magistrates nay even the Slaves took up Arms. Q. What did Fabius Maximus do in the mean time A. He endeavoured by delays and amusements to weaken Annibal Q. What did the Romans attempt with their Army A. They laid Siege to Capua Q. And was Annibal idle A. No thinking to make them raise the Siege he marched directly towards Rome Q. And what happen'd to him A. A sudden Tempest arising just as he was going to fight Fulvius he was oblig'd to return back without fighting Q. Was it long before Capua surrendred A. No. Q. How did the Romans use them A. They took away all their Privileges Q. What followed after the taking of Capua A. Asdrubal going to join his Brother Annibal who lay then in Apulia with a powerful Army was defeated by the Consuls Claudius Nero and Livius Salinator Q. After this Battel what did Nero do A. He caused Asdrubal's Head to be thrown into the Carthaginian Camp which Annibal seeing he immediately cried out I perceive my self now to be unfortunate Q. What was Scipio doing in Afric in the mean time A. He cut in pieces Hanno's Army the General of the Carthaginians and took Prisoner Siphax King of Numidia who had quitted the Romans and taken the side of the Carthaginians Q. Wherefore did Scipio pass into Afric A. 'T was done with a design to remove Annibal out of Italy Q. And did it succeed A. Yes Q. What did Annibal do before he left Italy A. He exercis'd a thousand Cruelties in the Towns that continued still under his Power nay he order'd all the Italians that were in his Army to be massacred Q. What happen'd upon Annibal's arrival into Afric A. A bloody Battel was fought near Zama Q. On which side did the Victory fall A. Annibal being defeated by Scipio despaired of retrieving his Fortune there and so fled into Asia Q. The Carthaginians being thus vanquish'd what became of them A. They were oblig'd to submit to the Peace allow'd them by the Romans Q. What name was it that Scipio obtain'd by this Expedition A. That of Africanus The War of Macedonia The Year of the World 3850. Of Rome 550. Q. WHen did the Macedonian War begin A. A little after the Peace of Carthage in the year of Rome 550. Q. For what Reasons did the Romans undertake this War A. As well for the ancient quarrel they had to Philip King of Macedonia for joining with Annibal when he was Master of Italy as for the several Complaints their Allies and especially the Athenians made of them Q. Who first open'd the War A. King Philip. Q. How did he begin it A. By the Siege of Abydos Q. What became of the Inhabitants of that place A. Philip reduced them to such an extremity that after the example of the Saguntines they chose to kill themselves Q. Was Philip always thus successful A. No for four years after he was defeated by Flaminius at the * So called from resembling a Dog's head Cynocephalae in Thessaly Q. Did Philip lose abundance of men there A. He lost Thirteen thousand reckoning the Dead and the Prisoners Q. Was a Peace granted him at last A. Yes on that condition he would lay no more pretensions to any of the Cities of Greece Q. The Liberty of Greece then was the Price of this Victory A. Right for all the Cities of Greece except Sparta were free Q. Was that City always in a servile condition A. No for in the year 561 Philopaemen having kill'd the Tyrant Nabis made them associate with the Achaeans The War of Antiochus The Year of the World 3862. Of Rome 562.
Temples of the Heathens to be open'd and having renounced the Faith he assumed the Title of Pontifex Maximus Nor was this all for the more to vex the Christians he made scandalous condescentions to the Iews and began to erect a Temple for them at Ierusalem which he was obliged soon to leave off for Globes of Fire breaking out from under the Foundations disturbed the Workmen as Ammianus Marcellinus a Pagan Writer witnesses Q. What befel him upon this A. He became the Laughter and Contempt of the People of Antioch Q. What course did he take to revenge the Affronts they put upon him A. He writ a Satyric Letter upon this occasion call'd the Misopogan or Beard-hater Q. Upon whom did Iulian make war A. Upon the Persians but having after the second Battel insolently refused to comply with the just Articles of Peace which they offer'd him and burnt the Ships that followed him and carried Provisions for the Army he was surrounded on all sides by the Enemy Q. What became of him at last A. He had the mortification to find himself cut off from all hopes of Assistance and was wounded by an Arrow in the Fight but 't was never known from what side it came Q. Did he say any thing as he was dying A. He desperately took out a handful of Blood which gushed from the Wound and throwing it up into the Air cry'd out Vieisti Galilaee O Galilean thou hast at last overcome me Q. What did he mean by these words A. That our Blessed Saviour whom he had so often provoked by his Sacriledges and other indignities and whom now he found to his cost to be the great Judge of the Universe would take a full vengeance for the Crimes and Blasphemies he had uttered against his Sacred Person Q. What sort of a man was Iulian the Apostate A. He had sparkling Eyes a stern wandring Countenance a straight Nose his Mouth somewhat of the biggest a slit in his under Lip a thick Beard which he wore picked his Shoulders large and moving his Head hanging down which he always turned on one and t'other side he walked very fast although he was but little and made a great noise when he laughed How great a Warrier he was the Alemans Franks and Saxons whom he overcame do testify and his remaining Works are undeniable proofs of his Wit and Ingenuity Jovian the Forty Ninth Emperor The Year of Rome 1103. Of the Birth of I. C. 363. Q. WHO was proclaimed Emperor after the death of Iulian the Apostate A. Iovian the Son of Count Varronianus Q. Whom did he marry A. Charitas the Daughter of Lucillianus by whom he had a Son named Varro whom he made Consul Q. What do Historians tell us of this Prince A. That he was a handsome well-shaped man illustrious for his Birth but more for his Piety Q. What did he principally apply himself to in the beginning of his Reign A. To draw the Souldiers from Superstition He commanded Jesus Christ to be adored by all those Soldiers who had abandon'd his worship Q. Was he engaged in any Wars A. No for in the condition he found the Army after the defeat and death of Iulian he was obliged to make a Truce of Thirty years with Sapores to whom he yielded the greatest part of Mesopotamia Q. Did he live a long time after this A. No he died of a sickness in the Thirty third year of his Age after he had reigned 7 months 22 days Q. What particular things were done in his Reign A. He generally cancell'd all the Edicts of the Apostate which were favourable to the Pagans he restored to the Faithful and to the Churches all their Goods their Honours their Revenues and their Priviledges Valentinian the Great the Fiftieth Emperor The Year of Rome 1104. Of the Birth of I. C. 364. Q. WHO was named Emperor after the death of Iovian A. The Army chose Valentinian Emperor at Nice because in Iulian's time he had preferr'd his Religion to his Preferment Q. What did he do as soon as he saw himself possess'd of the Imperial Throne A. He made his Brother Valens his Partner in the Empire and gave him the Government of the East Q. What part did he reserve for himself A. The West Q. What sort of a man was Valentinian A. He was a very virtuous Prince and a strict observer of Justice very ingenious and a religious keeper of his word Q. With whom did he make war A. With the Saxons and Sarmatians whom he defeated and oblig'd them to demand a Peace by their Ambassadors whom they sent to him Q. And what said Valentinian to them A. He fell into such a fit of anger to which he was always very subject that he was seized with an Apoplexy Q. Did he dye of it A. Yes in Hungary being fifty five years old Q How many years did he reign A. Twelve years Q. Was he baptized before his death A. No nevertheless he did not forbear to give sensible proofs of the Religion he profess'd and commanded the Pagan Temples to be shut Valens the Fifty first Emperor The Year of Rome 1104. Of the Birth of I. C. 364. Q. WHat Enemy had Valens to fight with in the beginning of his Empire A. Procopius who was related to Iulian and was his greatest Enemy Q. Did Valens make War against him A. The dispute between them was bloody but at the upshot Valens defeated Procopius took him prisoner and put him to death Q. What other Wars was he involved in A. He had a continual war with the Goths till their King Athanaricus having begg'd a Peace of him he granted it and afterwards kindly entertain'd him at such time as being persecuted by the Hunns he came to desire this Emperor's Protection who setled him in Thrace Q. How did the Goths behave themselves at that time A. Not being able to bear the insufferable Avarice of Lupicinus their Governour they took up Arms against the Romans ◠invaded Thrace Q. What memorable things happen'd in the course of this War A. Valens fell into the hands of his Enemies who burnt him in a Cottage Q. How old was he when this Accident befel him A. He was fifty years old and had reign'd fourteen years and four months Q. What Qualities were observable in him A. He had both good and bad ones He was choleric cruel and envious The Arian Heresy with which he was infected corrupted all his other good Inclinations Q. What Learned men flourished in his time A. Gregory and Basil who had contracted a friendship in their Youth at Athens where they follow'd their Studies The former born at Nazianzum in Cappadocia from whence Sirnamed Nazianzenus The other born in Pontus and afterwards made Bishop of Caesaréa Q. What Acts of Cruelty did he ever commit A. He put all people to death who had the curiosity to know the name of his Successor and being inform'd that the first Letters of his Name were to begin with
to the Roman Empire as he pursued Mithridates Q. What was the end of that Unfortunate Prince A. Seeing himself prest hard on every side he was thinking to make the best of his way into Gaul and shelter himself there but the Revolt of his Son Pharnaces together with that of his Army fully compleated his Ruin Q. After what manner died he A. He endeavour'd ineffectually to dispatch himself by Poyson and after several vain Attempts to hasten Death that way was forced to Stab himself Historiâ—ns frequently mention him for his great skill in Languages and an Antidote of his own Invention still bears his Name Q. When did this War fully terminate A. In the Year 691 under Cicero's Consulate after it had lasted Forty years The Civil War between Marius and Sylla The Year of the World 3966. Of Rome 666. Q. WHat was the Cause of the Civil war between Marius and Sylla A. Ambition on both sides Q. What stands Marius charg'd with A. He procures the Command of the Army design'd against Mithridates for himself by the means of Sulpitius the Tribune who by his own Authority had takâ—n it away from Sylla Q. And what did Sylla for his part A. Enraged at this Usage he enters Rome with an Army puts to death Sulpitius the Author of this whole Intrigue and beats out Marius who thereupon fled into Afric Q. What became of Marius A. Having got Men enough together to make a small Army he went to joyn Cinna who wâ—s ejected out of Rome by Octavius his Colleague Q. And what happen'd to him afterwards A. Sertorius and Carbo having likewise joyn'd these two great Men with abundance of their Friends they resolv'd all four to march directly towards Rome Q. When they had entred the City what did they do A. They made a most terrible Slaughter there Q. After this cruel Revenge was over what does Marius next A. He gets himself to be declar'd Consul now the Seventh time and dies the Year following Q. When Marius was dead what Measures did Sylla take A. Having concluded a Peace with Mithridates he came back into Italy in the Year 672 and after he had vanquish'd Carbo Norbanus and Marius the Younger enters Rome and makes himself be created Dictator Q. Being elevated to this Dignity how did he behave himself A. He in his turn banishes all those of the contrary Party sends back the greatest part of the Senators but especially Sertorius and proscribes so great a number of them that 't is said they amounted to Two thousand Q. After all this Havock and Destruction what became of Sylla A. He resign'd the Dictatorship at the end of Three years Q. And was not that very acceptable to the People of Rome A. They were so well pleas'd at it that when he died the Year following they order'd a most magnificent Funeral for him Q. Were no considerable Persons of Marius's Party remaining A. None but Sertorius who had retired into Spain but Metellus assisted by Pompey made War against him Q. And did the Event answer his Expectations A. He frequently fought him without any extraordinary Success to boast off till being at last assassinated by his own People Pompey in a short time reduced all Spain under the Obedience of the Romans The Taking of Jerusalem The Year of the World 3691. Of Rome 691. Q. AFter Pompey in Conjunction with Crassus had defeated the Slaves that rebell'd and had clear'd the Seas of Pyrates what did he next A. He march'd into Iudea to determine some Difference which arose between the Two Brothers Aristobulus and Hircanus concerning the Kingdom of Iudea Q. What did he there A. Having been ill receiv'd by Aristobulus he took Ierusalem by force and made them level the Walls of it Q. What was remarkable during the Siege A. He had so great a Respect for the Temple that he prohibited his Soldiers to touch the least thing belonging to that Sacred Place Q. And what did he do afterwards A. He makes Iudea a Tributary Province of the Empire sets Hircanus on the Throne and carried the Proud Aristobulus chain'd and bound to set off the Triumph which he celebrated at Rome The War between Caesar and Pompey The Year of the World 3993. Of Rome 693. Q. WHat was the principal Cause of this War A. 'T was Ambition occasion'd all those Calamities which the Roman Empire suffer'd during the Course of this War Q. How happen'd it A. Pompey Caesar and Crassus seeing themselves to be the most powerful Men of the Republick made a League together and so concerted Matters that the Administration of all Affairs wholly rested on them This Government was commonly call'd the Triumvirat Q. What did Caesar to confirm his Treaty A. He gave his Daughter in Marriage to Pompey Q. How did they share the Empire between them A. Caesar took the Government of Gaul Pompey that of Spain Crassus that of Syria which he therefore demanded because he expected to make great Advantages of that rich Province Q. After they had thus divided it what did they do next A. Caesar and Crassus went each of them to their Government Pompey staid at Rome and contented himself to send his Lieutenants into Spain Q. Which was Crassus's first Action in Syria A. He pillag'd the Temple of Ierusalem and carried away all its Riches Q. Was he not soon after punish'd for this Sacrilege A. Yes for in an Expedition against the Parthians he was entirely defeated by Surena General of their Army Q. What happen'd to him in this Battel A. He lost the greatest part of his men there his own Son was slain and having the misfortune himself to fall into the Hands of the Enemy they cut off his Head which being carried to Orodes King of the Parthians he caus'd his Mouth to be open'd and pouring some melted Gold into it said Now satisfy thy self with Gold of which thou hast always been so desirous Q. What did Orodes mean by so doing A. He only laugh'd at his Avarice which influenced him to undertake that War Q. After Crassus was dead how did Caesar and Pompey order Matters A. Pompey not enduring to bear an Equal nor Caesar a Superior they mutually envied one another Q. What Measures did Pompey take A. He prevail'd with the Senate to recal Caesar from his Government as soon as his time was expir'd and to Disband his Army Q. And did Caesar comply with these Instructions A. As he rightly apprehended that his Conquest of Gaul had created him several Enemies and very well saw whither this tended he sent them word That he was resolv'd to put himself in a Condition to defend himself against his Enemies and that he would not dismiss his Army unless they would oblige Pompey to do the same Q. How did they receive his Proposal A. They would not hearken to it which obliged him to assemble all his Forces together and march immediately towards Rome Q. Did not Pompey endeavour to hinder his March A.
his Country so intirely that he beheaded two of his Sons for conspiring against the Republick Q. By whom was that Conspiracy carried on A. By the Deputies whom Tarquin had dispatch'd to Rome to negotiate the Affair of his Restoration Q. Where did Brutus dye A. He lost his life soon after fighting with Aruns the Son of Tarquin in a Battel against those of Tarquin's Party and the Vejentes who espous'd his Quarrel Q. What happen'd to 'em in this Duel A. They ran one another through with their Lances The Wars which the Romans were oblig'd to maintain THE Hetruscan War The War of the Latins The War of the Volscians The War of the Vejentes The War of the Gauls The Second War of the Latins The War of the Samnites The War of the Tarentines The first Punic War The second Punic War The War of Antiochus The War of Macedonia The third Punic War The War of Corinth The War of Portugal The War of Numantia The War of the Slaves The War of Iugurtha The War of Mithridates Q. Besides these had they no Civil Wars A. Yes they had two the first between Marius and Sylla and the second between Caesar and Pompey 'T is true there were several Seditions which shall be recounted in their proper place Q. For what reason did the Romans undertake all these Wars A. To defend their Liberty preserve their Limits protect their Allies and enlarge their Empire The War of Etruria The Year of the World 3547. Of Rome 247. Q. WHich was the first War that the Romans were engaged in after the Expulsion of their Kings A. That of Etruria Q. How did it begin A. Porsenna King of that Countrey being resolved to support Tarquin's Party came to besiege Rome with a powerful Army Q. How was it ended A. By the Valour of Horatius Cocles and Mutius Scaevola's Bravery which so effectually daunted him that he sent Deputies to the Romans to offer them Peace Q. How many Hostages did they give him A. Twenty young Ladies of the greatest Beauty and Quality in the City Q. What remarkable Action was it that Horatius Cocles perform'd A. He alone sustain'd for some time the Fury of the Enemies who would have passed the Bridge to enter the City and at last when it was broken down he threw himself into the Tiber and swam cross it without abandoning his Arms all this while Q. And Mutius Scaevola's Action how was that A. He privately stole into the Enemies Camp with a design to kill the King but fail'd in his Attempt for he mistook the King's Secretary for the King himself Q. What did they do to Scaevola after this unfortunate Disappointment A. He was taken and brought before Porsenna Q And after what manner did he behave himself there A. He puts his criminal Right hand which committed the mistake into a Fire which happen'd to be there And know says he to the King that Three hundred of us young Roman Gentlemen have conspir'd your Death Q. What effects did so resolute an Action produce A. Porsenna affrighted at the Hardiness and Resolution of the Romans offered them a Peace and accepted of the above-mention'd Ladies by way of Hostages Q. What happen'd upon that A. Clelia who was one of the Twenty that were given in Hostage to Porsenna having slâ—pt from her Guards swims over the Tiber on Horseback and came back to Rome Q What did they do to her when she was arriv'd there A. The Consul fearing lest the world would accuse him of Infidelity was for surrendring her into Porsenna's hands who sent her honourably back again to Rome with some other young Romans and made a Peace The War of the Latins The Year of the World 3555. Of Rome 255. Q. WHich was the Second War that the Romans were obliged to sustain A. That of the Latins who took up Arms at the Instigation of Manlius Son-in-Law to Tarquin Q. And after what manner did it end A. A bloody Battel that was fought near the Lake of Regilus soon put an end to it Q. Who were the Generals of the two Armies A. Manlius was at the Head of the Latins and Aulus Posthumius commanded the Romans Q. Which side gain'd the Victory A. 'T was in suspence for some time but at last it declar'd it self in favour of the Romans Q. How many Men were kill'd upon the spot A. There were Forty thousand Men slain in the Action Thirty four thousand of the Latins in which number was Manlius And Six thousand of the Romans After the Death of Manlius the Tarquins lost all hopes of being ever restor'd The War of the Volscians The Year of the World 3559. Of Rome 259. Q. WHich was the Third War the Romans had A. That of the Volscians and the Aequi. Q. Why did they declare War against those People A. Because they continually disturbed and annoy'd the Romans Q. When did this War begin A. In the Year of Rome 259 and it lasted for several Years Q. By whom were the Volscians defeated A. By Quinius Cincinnatus who after he had perform'd many Glorious Exploits formerly retir'd to his Country house where he lived quietly Tilling his Ground and now was taken from the Plough to be made Dictator Q. What memorable things did he do A. By his Valour he sav'd the Army commanded by the Consul Marcus Minutius which was surrounded by the Enemy Q. After this Expedition what became of Cincinnatus A. He peaceably return'd to his old Employments at his Country-house Q. What other remarkable Things happen'd during this War A. The Adventures of Coriolanus Q. Who was this Coriolanus A. He was a Roman Gentleman whose Name was Martiuâ— Q. Who gave him then the Sir-name of Coriolanus A. The Consul Martius for having perform'd wonders at the taking of Corioli Q. What befel him A. He was condemn'd to Banishment in the Year of Rome 263. Q. Upon what account A. For having spoken contemptibly of the Tribunes Q. Whether fled he A. To the Volscians as being the most inveterate Enemies to the Romans and consequâ—ntly the fittest to execute his Revenge Q. What did he among the Volscians A. He engag'd them to renew the War with the Romans in the Year 263. Q. Did he command their Troops A. The Volscians chose him for their General with Tullius Accius who at that time Commanded them Q. And what famous Exploits did he perform A. He signalized himself in several Encounters wherein he always defeated the Romans Q. Did he always take the same advantage over the Romans A. No for being encamp'd near the Gates of the City with a design to besiege it vanquish'd by the Prayers and Tears of his Mother Veturia and his Wife Volumnia whom the Senate deputed to go and intercede with him he abandon'd his Enterprize and drew the Army off in the Year 266. Q. And what was done by way of Recompence to so fortunate a Mediation A. They built a Temple which was consecrated to the Fortune of the Women
of the Building of the City A. A Gulf a peared in the midst of the publick Place which they could fill up by no manner of means Q. Were not the Augurs consulted upon this A. Yes Q. And what an Answer did they return A. That it would never close again till the most precious thing in Rome was thrown into it Q. And what Method did they take A. At the very time when they were most perplexed to find out this precious thing Marcus Curtius mounts his Horse leaps into it all armed as he was and the Gulf immediately closed up The War of the Latins The Year of the World 3714. Of Rome 414. Q. WHo declared War against the Latins A. The Romans did in the Year of Rome 414. Q. Wherefore did the Romans declare War against them A. Because they pretended to have a Right to the Privileges of Roman Citizens a share in the Government and bearing of all Offices Q. What remarkable things happen'd in the Course of this War A. The first is That a Young Gentleman of the Latins singling himself out of the Army to Challenge any Roman to Fight him young Manlius Son to Manlius Torquatus the Consul rides up to him fights him and kills him Q. And what Reward had Manlius for so brave an Action A. But a sorry one for his Father order'd his Head to be struck off before the whole Army for having violated the Military Discipline Q. What were these Orders A. The Consuls had issued out an express Prohibition for any one to quit his Post till the Signal for the Battel was given Q. What was the second Remarkable Thing A. 'T is this Decius the Consul devoted himself for his Country by running into the midst of the Enemies The War against the Samnites The Year of the World 3711. Of Rome 411. Q WHen did the war against the Samnites begin A. In the Year of Rome 411. Q. Why did the Romans declare War against them A. 'T was at the Request of the Campanians who had put themselves under the protection of the Romans Q. How long did this War continue A. It lasted Fifty years Q. What Accidents of Note happen'd in this Interval A. Two things that deserve to be remark'd The first is that the Samnites finding themselves not strong enough to Engage the Romans by force of Arms were oblig'd to have recourse to an Artifice Q. Tell me how it was manag'd A. They chose Ten of the Craftiest Soldiers out of the Army and apparell'd them like Shepherds then they gave each of them a small Flock of Sheep and having instructed them in all they were to do posted them on the Road where the Roman Army was to pass Q. Well and what did these Shepherds do so merrily burlesqu'd A. Being in their respective places they were met by the Van-Couriers of the Army Q. And what Questions did they ask them A. Whether they knew where the Army of the Samnites was gone Q. What answers did these counterfeit Shepherds return A. That they had actually besieged Luceria Q. Upon this Advice what did the Romans do A. 'T was resolv'd to march to the Relief of this City because it was a place of great Importance to them Q. And what followed upon that Resolution A. The Army of the Romans being shut up in the Defiles through which they must of necessity pass before they could reach this place the Samnites fell vigorously upon them plunder'd them of all their Arms and made them pass under the Yoke Q. Did not the Romans soon after revenge this Affront A. Yes for some time after Fabius and Papyrius defeated the Samnites intirely Q. Which is the second thing that is to be remark'd A. That young Decius in a Battel against the Samnites and the Gauls who had join'd them perform'd the same that his Father had done upon a like occasion that is to say he devoted himself to Death and flung himself into the midst of his Enemies The War against the Tarentines The Year of the World 3772. Of Rome 472. Q. WHy did the Romans make War upon the Tarentines A. Because they pillag'd a Fleet belonging to the People of Rome and ill treated the Ambassadors that were sent to complain of this Injury Q. When was the War declared against them A. In the Year 472 and with that Success that L Aemilius Barbula defeated them together with the Samnites and Salentines that came to their Assistance Q. And what Shifts did this overthrow put them upon A. It obliged them to beg Relief of Pyrrhus in the Year 474 who Transported a vast Army into Italy wherein he had abundance of Elephants Animals till that time utterly unknown to the Romans Q. How many Battels were fought during this War A. Two that were considerable ones The first was fought in Campania near Heraclea And the second in Lucania Q. What was the Success of this first Battel A. The Romans under the Conduct of Levinus had the worst on 't but they were vanquish'd rather by the disorder the strange sight of those huge Elephants put them into than by the Forces of Pyrrhus Q. Were store of Prisoners taken here A. Yes but upon Fabricius his redemanding them Pyrrhus sent them all back without taking Ransom for them Q. What did Pyrrhus after he had gain'd this Battel A. He visited the Field where this Scene was transâ—cted and observing that the Romans still grasp'd those that had given them their Death's wound that Dead as they were a certain Fierceness appear'd in their Looks and that all their Wounds were honourably received before he cry'd out in a great Amazement Oh! how easy a matter were it for me to Conquer the whole World if I had the Romans for Soldiers or the Romans had me for their King Q. What did Pyrrhus after this A. He dispatch'd Ambassadors to Rome with considerable Presents to endeavour to accommodate the matter between the Tarentines and them Q. The Ambassadors being sent back what did Pyrrhus ask them at their return A. He demanded of them what they thought of Rome and they immediately answer'd him That their City seem'd to be a Temple and their Senate an Assembly of Gods Q. Did not the Romans bring a Second Army into the Field A. Yes Nay they were so incredibly diligent that Pyrrhus in mighty admiration said of them Without question I am born under the Constellation of Hercules I have a fine time on 't here to cut off the Heads of my Enemies since new ones perpetually arise from their Blood like those of Hidra to persecute me Q. Well and what was the Success of this Second Battel that was fought in Lucania A. Those very Elephants that gain'd Pyrrhus his first Battel lost him the second Q. How happen'd that A. It so fell out That one Caius Minutius cut off the Trunk of one of the Elephants which made the Creature cry out so furiously that he afrighted his fellows so away they ran back upon their
Because his Father who carried him when he was but Nine years old into Spain made him solemnly Swear at the foot of an Altar never to be reconciled to the Romans Q. What happen'd during this War A. At the end of Nine years War Amilcar was slain and his Son-in-Law Asdrubal set up in his room Q. What befel Asdrubal after this A. He was slain Eight years after in Battel and Annibal succeeded him Q. What did Annibal do when he saw himself General of the Carthaginians A. Fearing lest the same misfortune that happen'd to his Father Amilcar and Asdrubal should attend him if he did not go upon some Generous Expedition he made himself Master of all the Provinces of Spaiâ— that reach as far as the Ebre Q. And what did he next attempt A. He made his Army march into the Territories of the Oscades whom he reduced under his obedience and soon after possess'd himself of all the Cities thereabout but especially those belonging to the Capertans and the Vacceans Q. Whither did he shape his course after this A. He march'd to attack Saguntus a City of Spain and an Ally of the Romans Q. What did the Romans do upon this occasion A. They sent Ambassadors to Carthage to complain of the Injury that was done to the Saguntines and of the Infraction of the Treaty of Peace by this means Q. What sort of an Answer was return'd them A. They were forc'd to return home very ill satisfied with the Answer of the Carthaginians Q. What did the Saguntines do upon this refusal A. Harass'd with the continual Fatigues of a Nine Months Siege and prest by Famine and want of Provisions they demanded to capitulate but Annibal persisting to treat them with too much indignity they chose rather to perish than to trust themselves in the hands of so cruel a man Q. And what did these people do being thus reduced to despair A. After they had buried their Gold and Silver in the ground they made a great Bonfire in the midst of the Town into which the greatest part of the Garison leap'd and the rest were inhumanely kill'd Q. After the taking of this City what did they do with it A. They laid it level with the ground Q. When the Romans heard of these Outrages how were they affected A. They dispatch'd Ambassadors to Carthage to know of them whether they approv'd of the procedure of Annibal Q. And how were they receiv'd A. Fabius one of the Ambassadors seeing them demur upon the Point told them they had nothing to do but to chuse either Peace or War and all of them immediately crying out War War the Ambassadors immediately departed Q. Whither did the Ambassadors go before they return'd to Rome A. They visited Spain and Gaul to desire the people of those Nations not to give Passage to the Carthaginians Q. Did they accomplish their designs A. No for those of Spain being affrighted by the sad example of Saguntus and the Gauls by the great Success of Annibal's Arms they refused this Embassy as a ridiculous Proposition Q. Where resided Annibal A. He past the Winter at New Carthage then return'd to Cales where after he had perform'd his Vows to Hercules he renew'd his Ancient Oath Q. What was it that instigated him to do it again A. An extraordinary Dream which fill'd him with joy and put him upon the Resolution to march into Italy with his Army Q. And how did Annibal employ himself before his arrival into Italy A. At first he made himself Master of the Ilergetes the Bargusians the Ausetans and all Aquitain Q. Whither went he afterwards A. He pass'd the Pyrenaean Mountains then he march'd through Gaul notwithstanding the opposition of the people who were obliged to give way At last he came to the foot of the Alpes Q. Did not Annibal's Army find it a difficult matter to climb these Mountains A. 'T was troublesome enough as well for the height of the Rocks which seem'd to touch the Skies as for the Snows which made the ways almost impracticable Besides that the Inhabitants of the Hills were no small impediment to them in their March Q. Did Annibal then accomplish this vast Design A. Yes For having with an undaunted Courage undertaken to climb the Hills on the ninth day he found himself on the top of them Q. When he was there what did he make his Soldiers remark A. He shows 'em all Italy lying at a great distance bidding them look upon that vast Country as the certain Recompence of their Toil and Labour Q. Was not Annibal more perplex'd to get down the Hills than he was in climbing up A. Right For the Frost rendred the ways every where so slippery that there was no steddy walking besides the Mountain was so steep in some places that there was scarce any other way of getting down but by catching hold of the Twigs and Branches of Trees that grew between the Rocks Q. How then did he make a shift to reach the Valleys A. He made use of Fire Iron and Vinegar to open a way through the Rocks and thus having passed the Alpes in the space of Fifteen days he came into Italy with a Hundred thousand Foot and Twenty thousand Horse Q. Where was it that Annibal first gave Battel to the Romans A. Between the Po and the Ticinus Q. What was the Success of it A. The Roman Army was overcome Q. Who had the Command of it A. Scipio the Consul Q. Was he not wounded A. Yes and had certainly been taken by the Enemy if the Valour of his Son who was afterwards sirnam'd Africanus had not forc'd him out of their hands Q. When did Annibal give the second Battel A. A short time after the first Q. Where was it fought A. At the River Trebia Q. How was the Event of it A. No happier for the Romans than the last Sempronius and his whole Army was there defeated and Annibal triumphantly pass'd the Appennines Q. What did Annibal do the year following A. He came into Etruria after a March of four days and three nights in the midst of Bogs and Morasses without reposing himself which so fatigu'd him that he lost an eye Q. What happen'd to him after this A. 'T was in this place that Flaminius the Consul a man of great rashness and precipitation fell into the Snares which Annibal had laid for him he was slain and his Army put to the Rout near the Lake of Trasimene Q. How many Romans lost their lives in this Battel A. Near Fifteen thousand slain and some Ten thousand put to flight and dispers'd all over Etruria Q. Did not some remarkable Accident happen after this Battel A. 'T is reported that two women lamenting their Children at one of the Gates of the City whom they suppos'd to be dead seeing them unexpectedly return were so fill'd with joy that the excess of it kill'd them Q. After this great Overthrow what was done at Rome A. The people being assembled
Praetorship what did he next A. He obtain'd the Government of Spain Q. And what did he do there A. He perform'd several glorious Exploits which deserv'd a Triumph but he preferr'd the Consulship to that Glory and at last obtain'd it in the Year 695. by the Assistance of Pompey and Crassus to whom he joyn'd himself Q Being advanc'd to that high Dignity what did he A. He distributed his Lands among the People of Rome Q And what happen'd to him afterwards A. By his Artifices and excessive Liberalities he so far establish'd himself in the good Graces of the People that he procur'd the Government of Gaul to be conferr'd upon him Q When did he go to take Possession of it A. In the Year 696. Q. How long was he Governor there A. Nine years during which time he subdued all the Provinces that lye between the Pyrenees the Alps the Rhine and the Rhone and made them Tributary to Rome Q. Was not he the first Roman that adventur'd to pass the Rhine A. Right and built a Bridge over it to go and give Battel to the Germans who were on the other side Q. What other remarkable Things did he perform A. He made a Descent likewise upon Britain which before him was unknown to the Romans Q. How often was Fortune contrary to him during these Nine years A. Thrice The first happen'd to him in Britain where his Naval Forces had like to have been lost by a Tempest The second in Gaul where one of his Legions was intirely Defeated And the third upon the Frontiers of Germany where his Lieutenants sell into an Ambuscade and were cut in pieces Q. Having plac'd good Governors in Britain and Gaul what did he next A. He repassed into Italy Q. And how was he received there A. Being at Luca the Two Consuls with above Two hundred Senators and Four hundred Knights went to Congratulate him upon his great Conquests Q. What did he afterwards A. He demanded a Triumph and the Consulship Q. Was it granted him A. No for Pompey being jealous of Caesar's Glory so manag'd his Cabals that they refused him both one and the other Q. How did Caesar bear this A. The Person whom he sent to Rome to make this demand sets his Hand to his Sword and tells them that what they refused him That meaning his Sword would give him Q. What follow'd upon this A. Caesar marches towards Rome at the Head of his Army which had Conquer'd the Gauls and passes the Rubicon a small River which parted that Government from Italy Q. What was done at Rome in the mean time A. Pompey gets Caesar declar'd an Enemy to the Republick Q. And did this stop Caesar's Cariere A. He continues his March to Rome which was abandon'd by Pompey and his Party Q. Whither went Pompey A. To Brundusium from whence he escapes by Night into Epirus where he was pursued by Caesar. Q. Did not Caesar repass the Adriatic alone in a Fisherman's Boat A. Yes and when the Master began to despond of safety cheer'd him with Quid times Caesarem vehis Q. Was there a Battel between them A. At first Pompey had great Advantages over him and had certainly ruin'd him if he had known how to have used his good fortune Q. How then did he miscarry A. Instead of protracting the War and starving his Enemy which he might easily have done he fights Caesar at Pharsalia where he was totally defeated in the Year 706. After this he flies towards Egypt to King Ptolomy but before he reach'd the Shore his Throat was cut in the Long-boat by Achillas and Septimius Q. Was it not in this Voyage that Caesar became passionately in love with Cleopatra A. Yes but her Brother Ptolomy who thought to have obliged Caesar everlastingly by dispatching of Pompey finding himself not so well receiv'd as he expected Q. Resolved to destroy him did he not A. Right and besieged him in the Palace where with a handful of Men Caesar for a while kept off a Numerous Army at last by setting the Neighbouring Buildings on fire where the finest Library in the World which is supposed among a thousand other Curiosities now lost to have had Solomon's History of Plants was unluckily burnt to the ground he makes his Escape to the Pharos and from thence with his Sword in one hand and his Commentaries in the other Swims to his Fleet and after he had entirely defeated Ptolomy's Forces who was drown'd in endeavouring to save himself by flight he puts the whole Kingdom into the hands of Cleopatra Q. What Actions did Caesar perform afterwards A. He beats Pharnaces Son to Mithridates who had assisted Pompey with his Troops in Thessaly Q. What was remarable in this Victory A. 'T was so easy and sudden that Caesar writ no more than these three Words to inform his Friends of it Veni Vidi Vici When this was done he vanquishes Iuba King of Mauritania who encouraged by L. Scipio and Cato renewed the Civil War in Afric Here he causes Afranius and Three hundred Senators to be slain who still continued to support that Party Q. After his return to Rome what did Caesar apply himself to A. To reform the Calender and accordingly added Ten days to the Year which Numa had made to consist of only Twelve Lunar Months that is to say of 355 Days whereas by Caesar's new Alteration it was made to consist of 365 Days and 6 compleat Hours reserving the six Hours to the end of every fourth year to make a compleat Day which he placed before the 6th of the Calends of March. Q. How was the Year named which consisted of 366 Days A. Bissextile because the Sixth of the Calends was twice reckon'd that Year This manner of Computation was called the Iulian from Iulius Caesar the Inventor of it Q. When was Caesar declar'd Perpetual Dictator by the Senate A. After he had vanquish'd Pompey's Sons in Spain Q. What Honours did they pay him A. A Temple was dedicated to him as to a God which so far possessed him with Pride that he slighted them and began to set up for a Sovereign Q. Was not this the Cause of the Conspiracy that was form'd against him A. Yes Q. Who were the chief Contrivers of it A. Marcus Brutus and L. Cassius D. Brutus and Trebonius Q. Was not his Death manifestly foretold by some strange Presages A. Yes but he contemn'd and neglected them Q. What sort of Presages were they A. Some months before his Death a certain Astrologer whose name was Spurina told him That the Ides of March would prove fatal to him Calpurnia his Wife the night before he was kill'd dreamt that the Cieling of the House fell down and that her Husband was murder'd between her Arms. Nay the very day he was assassinated having order'd some Beasts to be sacrificed he found them all defective Q. These Prognosties and his own Indisposition did they not make him consider with himself for some time whether he
another Campaign These had great Privileges conferr'd upon them Of the Commanders Q. HOW many sorts of Commanders were there A. Three sorts First the Centurions and Tribunes commanded the Foot Secondly the Decurions and the Praefects the Horse Thirdly the Lieutenants and the General commanded both one and the other Q. What were the Priviledges of the first Cohors A. That he who was Centurion of the Pikes call'd himself the first Pike he of the Principes the first Prince and he of the Triarians the Primipilus It belonged to this last to keep the Roman Eagle to fix it in the ground or carry it which we understand by the ninth and tenth Primipilus Q. How many Cohorts were there in each Legion A. There were ten in each Legion and in every Cohors six Centurions Q. From whence did these Centurions derive their names A. From the Cohors where they served Those for instance that were of the tenth or the eighth call'd themselves the tenth or eighth Q. But he that commanded the Triarians in the tenth Legion how was he call'd A. He was call'd Decimus Pilus he that commanded the Principes Decimus Princeps and so of the rest Q. What reward was given to a Soldier after some glorious Exploit A. From the second Centurion of Pikes in the tenth Cohors they made him the first that is to say the tenth Pike afterwards tenth Princeps c. and this in the same Cohors Q. How did they recompence him afterwards according to his merit A. He was made first Officer of the Ninth Cohors then of the Eighth and so on till he came to the First or perhaps to a Tribune's place if Fortune favoured him Q. What did the Tribunes command A. They commanded the Legion the Centurions the Cohorts and Companies of Foot Q. What did the Praefects command A. They commanded a Wing of Horse and the Decuries the other Companies and Decuries Q. How many men were there in a Wing A. There were thirty in these Companies and ten in every Decury Q. Who chose the Legati or Lieutenants to the Generals A The Senate nominated them or else the Generals chose them themselves to the number of three or four or more Q. What power had they A. They had power to judge private Causes and commanded the Army in the General 's absence Q. Did not Augustus establish two sorts of them A. Yes he made Consular ones who were to look after the whole Army and the Praetorians who took care of every Legion Q. To whom did they give the name of Imperator besides the Caesars A. To those that by a Commission from the State had the managing of an Army being the same that a Praetor was in Ancient Times Q. Who had it besides A. Those that after they had gained some remarkable Victory wherein at least a thousand of the Enemy were slain received this Title first from their Soldiers and afterwards from the Senate and then public Supplications were granted them to thank the Gods and sometimes a Triumph Q. What were their Colours A. An Eagle a Wolf a Minotaur a Horse and a Boar. Q. What was this Eagle made of A. It was a golden Eagle fixt upon a Pike and was only the Ensign of the Roman Legions so that they counted their Legions by Eagles It was first of all born by Marius Q. What did the Romans use for an Ensign in Romulus's time A. They took an handful of Hay and percht it on the top of a Pole but this was afterwards chang'd into a Pike on the top of which they placed a small piece of Wood. Q. Afâ—er what manner was it cut A. In the form of a Cross and from it several small Circles and little Bucklers hung down Cross wise and above it was elevated a Hand Q. What was painted upon these Circles A. The Representations of their Gods and Emperors Their Javelins likewise served for Ensigns To these the Emperors added an Elephant a Sphinx and a Dragon Q. To whom did these Standards belong A. To the Horse these Colours were foursquare and fasten'd to a Pike curiously adorned with embroider'd Flames in Gold and in Purple and sometimes the Names of the Emperors were artificially wrought in them After what manner they disposed their Army for a Battel Q INto how many Battalions did the Romans divide their Army A. Into two or three Battalions into two when they made two Wings one upon the Right the other upon the Left Q. And when into three A. When between the two Wings thâ—y placed a third Battalion and this happen'd when they had no more than two Legions or sometimes more Q. Where were the Romans placed A. They stood in the middle and the Allies in the two Wings I have here given you a description of an Army drawn out after their manner which I borrowed out of Titus Livius Q. How many Legions were drawn out in this Army descrbed by Livy A. Four two consisting of Romans and two of their Allies Q. Where were the two Romans placed A. They were placed in the midst the Elder of the two on the right and the other on the left and the two Allies in the two Wings Q. When their Horse were drawn out into Squadrons where did they stand A. They were placed in such a manner on the sides that that of the Romans cover'd the Right Wing and that of the Allies the Left Q. How many Ranks had they in every Legion A. Three The first was of Pikemen the second of the Principes the third of the Triarians In the front were to be seen all the ten Companies of Pikes belonging to every Legion and consequently the Van was composed of forty Companies Q. Where did the Evocati stand A. They were either with the General or in the middle of the Ranks to encourage the rest Q. And where were the Centurions A. They were thus distributed Two commanded the middle Battalion and the other two commanded one the Right Wing and the other the Left Wing Q. Where was the General 's place A. It was between the Triarii and the Principes He was surrounded by the Praetorian Bands and from thence commanded the whole Army Q. How were the Companies disposed A. They were so disposed in a Quadrangular form that the Legion was likewise foursquare They fought just as they were ranked Of the Honours that were bestowed on the Conquerors Q. WHen a General had gain'd a considerable Victory and the Soldiers had saluted him by the name of Imperator what did he next do A He immediately dispatched Letters crown'd with Lawrel to the Senate to demand of them that they would give him the name of Imperator as likewise that they would decernere Supplicationes that is appoint publick Supplications or Prayers Q. What did the Senate when they had agreed to this Proposal A. They all went in a Body to the Temples to thank the gods and offer'd Sacrifices to them Q. What did they afterwards do A.
Caesar's sudden Expedition so afrighted him and his whole Party that they soon abandon'd Rome and Italy and pass'd into Greece Q. What did Caesar do in the mean time A. He enter'd Rome plunder'd the Publick Treasury and after he had staid a short time there to compose the Tumults of the City he went into Spain and beat AfranÌ„ius and Petrejus Pompey's Two Lieutenants out of the Country Q. As he return'd what did he do A. He made himself Master of Marseilles and entring Rome the second time he took Possession of the Dictatorship which the Praetor Lepidius had procur'd to be conferr'd upon him in his Absence Q. What did he afterwards A. He passed over into Greece to find out Pompey and having besieged him near * Durazzo Dyrrachium in Albania he was so rudely receiv'd and his Army beaten after such a manner that if Pompey had known to make the best Use of his Victory Caesar even in his own Confession had been intirely defeated Q. Where did Caesar March after this small overthrow A. He got his Troops together and march'd towards Thessaly Q. Did any remarkable Action happen there A. Yes for Pompey having pursued him thither they fought in the Plains of Pharsalia Q. On which side fell the Victory A. Pompey's Army was totally routed As for himself he fled towards Egypt to Ptolomy who was then very Young Q. What happen'd to Pompey A. As soon as 't was known at Court that he was ready to Land Theodotius perswaded the King to murder him in order to engage Caesar to leave him in the quiet Possession of his Kingdom Q. And did Ptolomy suffer himself to be so perswaded A. Yes for he immediately sent Achillas and Septimius to Receive and Compliment him on his part and when they had him alone in a Cock-boat they immediately assassinated him in the very sight of the Vessel where his Wife and Children were Of Seditions The Year of Rome 261 303 377. Q. WHat were the Causes of all those Seditions that so often threatned the Commonwealth A. The Ambition Pride and Insolence of the Tribunes Q. How many of them have you observ'd in History A. Five Principal Ones Q. When did the first begin A. In the Year 261. Q. What occasion'd it A. The Tyranny of the Usurers Q. How happen'd that A. The People being no longer able to endure their Cruelty which proceeded so far as to treat them like Slaves retir'd in Arms to the Sacred Hill But being appeas'd by the Seasonable Discourse of Menenius Agrippa who entertained them with the Fable of the Belly and the other Members they return'd to Rome Q. What Privilege did they then extort before they came back A. They obtain'd certain Magistrates to defend the People against the Violence of the Senators Q. How were these Magistrates call'd A. Tribuni Plebis or the Tribunes Q. When began the Second Sedition A. In the Year 303. Q. What occasion'd it A. The Arbitrary and Unlimitted Power of the Decemviri Q. How came it about A. When these Decemviri or Ten Men who were chosen by the People to reduce the Laws they brought from Greece into one Body had fully comprizâ—d â—hem in the Duodecim Tabulae yet they still kept up and maintain'd that Authority which was only delegated to them for the Execution of this Design Q. What is remark'd of Appius Claudius one of these Decemviri A. That his Insolence proceeded so far as to carry off Virginia with a design to Ravish her Q. What became then of Virginia A. Virginius the Father of this Young Woman kill'd her with his own Hand in the Forum as Claudius would have had her dragg'd off after he had declared her his Slave Q. What Effects did this produce A. It stirr'd up all the People against the Decemviri Q. What did they do to them A. They put them all in Prison Q. What occasion'd the Third Sedition A. It happen'd upon the Subject of Marriages the People being resolved it should be lawful for them to Marry with the Patricians Q. Where did this Tumult break out A. In the Ianiculum by the management of Canuseius Tribune of the People Q. When did the Fourth Sedition begin A. In the Year of Rome 377. Q. What was the Cause of it A. Ambition of Honours Q. Wherefore A. Because the People would be admitted to Publick Employments as well as the Nobility Q. How did that happen A. Lucius Stolo and Lucuis Sextius Tribunes of the People having preferr'd a Law which ordain'd that one of the Consuls should be always chosen out of the Plebeians the Senators oppos'd it with all their Authority Q. And the Tribunes on their side what did they A. They hindred the making of any Curule Magistrate so that there was a sort of Anarchy in Rome for the space of Five years Q. Which of them carried the Point at last A. The People and Lucius Sextius was the first that was chosen out of their Body Q. What was the Cause of the Fifth Sedition A. The Gracchi occasion'd it by their endeavouring to re-establish the Agrarian Law Q. How did that happen A. Tiberius Gracchus being desirous to obtain the good will of the People demanded to have the abovementioned Law put in Execution Q. What was the intent of that Law A. All the Citizens of Rome were by it forbidden to possess in Land above Five hundred Acres Q. And what was their design in getting it restor'd A. To enjoyn all those that possess'd any more to give their Lands up and distribute them among the People Q. Did not all the Nobility vigorously oppose it A. Yes but 't was to no purpose for this Law was authoriz'd by the Senate Q. And what did he do afterwards A. He made his Colleague Octavius quit his Office because he would have stopt the Execution of this Law Q. What happen'd to him at last A. This good Success having rendred him insupportably Proud Scipio Nasico caus'd him to be Assassinated as he came out of the Capitol Q. Was not his Death revenged A. Caius Gracchus his Brother in order to effect it promises the People to get them all that Wealth which Attalus at his Death bequeath'd to the Romans The Senate was so highly provoked at his Arrogance that they offer'd the weight of it in Gold to any one that should bring his Head Q. What then became of Caius Gracchus A. He got one of his Slaves to kill him finding himself pursued by the Consul Opimius and he that found his Body cut off his Head took out his Brains and fill'd it with melted Lead to make it weigh the more Q. Besides these Five Seditions do you observe no more A. Yes Q. Inform me concerning them A. Posthumius refusing his Soldiers the pillage of Volae which he had promis'd them a Sedition arose in the Camp where he was stoned to Death Q. What other Seditions can you recount to me A. Under Appius Claudius the Roman Army would
not vanquish that of the Enemies altho it lay in their Power There happen'd several little Mutinies that don't deserve to be particularly mention'd Q. Give me some instance of the Distrust or Jealousy of the Romans A. They were so jealous of having the least Invasion made upon their Liberty that they often sent the most Illustrious of the Nobility into Banishment whenever they suspected that they design'd to arrogate too much Power to themselves Q. Pray give me an Example of it A. There was in the first place Coriolanus banish'd for having served them too well and Camillus was sent abroad for the same reason Q. Wherefore do they say Camillus was exiled A. Because the People were possest with an imagination that this Great Man had not equitably divided the Booty taken from the Vejentes between them and the Army so they believed he had a design to secure himself of the Hearts of the Soldiers in order to enslave the People Q. Give me one other Demonstration I beseech you that the Romans were so jealous of their Liberty A. They put Spurius Cassius and Sparius Melius to Death because they suspected them the first for endeavouring to revive the Lex Agraria the second for his Largesses or Donatives to the People Q. Who kill'd Spurius Cassius A. 'T was his own Father that executed Justice upon him and as for the other Servilius Ahala General of the Horse kill'd him in the midst of the Forum by the order of Quintius Cincinnatus Q. And Manlius how died he A. He was thrown headlong from the top of that very Capitol which he had so generously defended Q. For what reason A. Because he had deliver'd several poor Debtors from the Clutches of their Creditors 't was observ'd he carried himself too high and did not contain himself within the Bounds of a private Citizen Q. How many Roman Generals do you observe there were that kill'd the Generals of the Enemies Army with their own hands A. Three viz Romulus who kill'd Acron King of the Cecinians Cornelius Cossus who kill'd Tolumnius King of the Vejentes and Marcellus who slew Viridomarus King of the Insubrian Gauls Q. Recount to me the Action of Curtius A. In the Year 395. a Gulf appear'd in the middle of the Forum and as 't was impossible to fill it up altho they threw in never so much Wood and Stones and Earth they had recourse to the Augars Q. And what Answer did they give them A. That it would never close again till the most precious thing in Rome was thrown into it Now as they were strangely perplex'd to find it out Marcus Curtius mounted on Horseback and all in Armour rode into it saying That nothing was more precious than Arms and Military Virtue Q. What was the design of Catiline's Conspiracy A. To kill Cicero who was Consul to set the City on Fire at the four Corners to Plunder and make themselves Masters of it but this Plot was happily discovered Q. Who were concern'd in this Affair A. Lentulus and Cethegus and several other Senators Q. After this Conspiracy was discover'd what became of Catiline A. He was condâ—mn'd to depart out of Rome so he withdrew towards his Army Q. What was done to the other Conspirators A. They were all put to Death Q. What became of Catiline at last A. He was defeated and his Army cut in pieces by Petreius Lieutenant to Antonius the Consul and himself kill'd upon the place A Chronological Table of the Emperors of Rome From Julius Caesar to Augustus IN the Year 705 of Rome 4005 of the World Iulius Caesar made himself Emperor and was Assassinated in the Senate on the Day of the Ides of March in the Year 710. He was perpetual Dictator but Three Years Four Months and Six Days Augustus took the Empire in the Year 711 of Rome and in 724. after the Death of Marc Anthony he was sole Emperor and thus held the Empire Fifty seven years and the Monarchy Forty three years He died in the Fourteenth year of the Christian Aera Anno Dom. Roman Emperors who Reign'd Years Months Days 14 Tiberius 22 6  37 Caligula 3 10 8 41 Claudius 13 8 20 54 Nero 13 7 28 68 Galba  6 7 69 Otho  3 5 69 Vitellius  8 5 69 Vespasian 10   79 Titus 2 2 2 81 Domitian 15  6 These are commonly call'd the XII Caesars Here follows the Catalogue of the rest Anno Dom. Roman Emperors who Reign'd Years Months Days 96 Nerva 1 4 11 98 Trajan 19 6 15 117 Adrian 20 11  138 Antoninus Pius 22 6  161 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus 19  10 161 L. Verus 9   180 Commodus 12 9 14 199 Pertinax  2 26 193 Iulianus  2 5 193 Severus 17 8 3 211 Caracalla and Geta 6 2 5 217 Macrinus and his Son 1 2  218 Heliogabalus 3 9 4 222 Alexander 13  9 235 Maximin and his Son 2   238 Pupienus and Balbinus  10  238 The Gordiani 6   244 Philip and his Son 5   249 Decius and his Son 3   251 Gallus and Volusian his Son 2 4  254 Valerian 6   259 Galienus 8   268 Claudius II. 2   270 Aurelian 5   270 Quintillus   15 275 Tacitus  6 6 275 Florianus  3  276 Probus 6 4  282 Carus 1   282 Numerian slain in the Year 284.    282 Carinus slain in 285    284 Diocletian 20   285 Maximian 18   304 Galerius and Constantius 2 3 25 306 Constantine the Great 30 9 27 337 Constantine Constance and Constantius Brothers 25 5 13 361 Iulian the Apostate 1 7 27 363 Iovian  7 22 364 Valentinian the Great  8 22 375 Gratian 7 9 12 383 Valentinian II. 8 8 21 392 Theodosius the Great  8 22 395 Honorius 28 7  Julius Caesar the first Roman Emperor The Year of the World 4005. Of Rome 705. Q. I Desire to be instructed in the Pedigree of Caesar A He was descended of one of the most Ancient Families of Rome by his Mother's side and of the Kings of that City by his Father's Q. What was his Mother's Name A. Aurelia Q. Under whom did he learn the Art-Military A. Under Marius Q. Where did he first carry Arms A. In Asia Q. What sort of a Reputation had he there A. A very bad one occasion'd by his Lewdness Q. To whom did he particularly apply himself A. To Pompey and Crassus as being the most capable to advance his fortune by reason of the great Interest they had in the Commonwealth Q. What was the first Office he was call'd to A. To be Aedile with Bibulus Q. What was the next A. He was Censor and Pontifex Maximus under the Consulate of Cicero Q. When was he made Praetor A. The year following Q. At his going out of the