the Countrey Hyperbatus at that time commanded the Army but Aratus had all the Power amongst the Achaeans The Achaeans marching forth with their whole Strength and incamping in Dumaeae about Hecatombaeum Cleomenes came up and thinking it not advisable to pitch between Dumaeae a City of the Enemies and the Camp of the Achaeans he boldly dar'd the Achaeans and forc'd them to a Battel and routing the Phalanx slew a great many in the Fight and took many Prisoners thence marching to Lagon and driving out the Achaean Garrison he restor'd the City to the Elaeans The Affairs of the Achaeans being in this desperate condition Aratus who was wont to continue in his Government above a year refus'd the Command though they entreated and urg'd him to accept it and this was ill done when the Storm was high to put the Power out of his own hands and set another to the Helm Cleomenes at first propos'd fair and easie Conditions by his Ambassadors to the Achaeans but afterward he sent others and requir'd the chief Command to be settled upon him and in other Matters he promis'd to agree to reasonable Terms and to restore their Captives and their Countrey The Achaeans were willing to come to an agreement upon those terms and invited Cleomenes to Lerna where an Assembly was to be held but it hapned that Cleomenes hastily marching on and unreasonably drinking Water brought up abundance of Blood and lost his Voice therefore being unable to continue his March he sent the chiefest of the Captives to the Achaeans and putting off the Meeting for some time retir'd to Lacedaemon This ruin'd the Affairs of Greece which was just then ready to recover it self out of its Disasters and avoid the insulting and Covetousness of the Macedonians for Aratus whether fearing or distrusting Cleomenes or envying his unlook'd-for Success or thinking it a disgrace for him who had commanded 33 years to have a young Man succeed to all his Glory and his Power and be Head of that Government which he had been raising and setling so many years he first endeavour'd to keep the Achaeans from closing with Cleomenes but when they would not hearken to him fearing Cleomenes's daring Spirit and thinking the Lacedaemonian's Proposals to be very reasonable who design'd only to reduce Peloponnesus to its old Model he took his last Refuge in an Action which was unbecoming any of the Greeks most dishonourable to him and most unworthy his former Bravery and Exploits for he call'd Antigonus into Greece and fill'd Peloponnesus with Macedonians whom he himself when a Youth having beaten their Garrison out of the Castle of Corinth had driven from the same Countrey beside he declar'd himself an Enemy to all Kings and hath left many dishonourable Stories of this same Antigonus in those Commentaries which he wrote And though he declares that he suffer'd considerable Losses and underwent great dangers that he might free Athens from the Power of the Macedonians yet afterward he brought the very same Men arm'd into his own Countrey and his own House even to the Womens Apartment He would not endure that one of the Family of Hercules and King of Sparta and one that had reform'd the Polity of his Countrey as it were a disorder'd Harmony and tun'd it to the plain Dorick measure of Lycurgus to be styl'd Head of the Triccaeans and Sicyonians and whilst he fled the Pulse and short Coat and which were his chief Accusations against Cleomenes the extirpation of Wealth and reformation of Poverty he basely subjected himself together with Achaea to the Diadem and Purple to the imperious Commands of the Macedonians and their Satrapae That he might not seem to be under Cleomenes he sacrific'd the Antigonea Sacrifices in Honour of Antigonus and sung Paeans himself with a Garland on his Head to the Honour of a rotten consumptive Macedonian I write this not out of any design to disgrace Aratus for in many things he shew'd himself vigorous for the Graecian Interest and a great Man but out of pity to the weakness of Humane Nature which in such a Person so excellent and so many ways disposed to Vertue cannot attain to a State irreprehensible The Achaeans meeting again at Argos and Cleomenes descending from Tegea there were great hopes that all Differences would be compos'd But Aratus Antigonus and He having already agreed upon the chief Articles of their League fearing that Cleomenes would carry all before him and either win or force the Multitude to comply with his Demands propos'd that having three hundred Hostages put into his Hands he should come alone into the Town or bring his Army to the place of Exercise call'd Cillarabion without the City and treat there Cleomenes hearing this said That he was unjustly dealt with for they ought to have told him so plainly at first and not now he was come even to their Doors show their Jealousie and deny him Admission and writing an Epistle to the Achaeans about the same Subject the greatest part of which was an Accusation of Aratus and Aratus on the other side ripping up his Faults to the Assembly he hastily dislodg'd and sent a Trumpeter to denounce War against the Achaeans but not to Argos but to Aegium as Aratus delivers that he might not give them notice enough to make Provision for their Defence Upon this the Achaeans were mightily disturb'd the common People expecting a Division of the Land and a Release from their Debts and the chief Men being on many Accounts displeas'd with Aratus and some Angry and at odds with him as the occasion of the Macedonians descent on Peloponnesus Encouraged by these Misunderstandings Cleomenes invades Achaea and first took Pellene by surprise and beat out the Achaean Garrison and afterward brought over Pheneon and Pentelaeon to his side Now the Achaeans suspecting some treacherous Designs at Corinth and Sicyon sent their Horse and Mercenaries out of Argos to have an Eye upon those Cities and they themselves went to Argos to celebrate the Nemean Games Cleomenes advertis'd of this march and hoping as it afterward fell out that upon an unexpected Advance to the City now busied in the Solemnity of the Games and throng'd with numerous Spectators he should raise a considerable Terror and Confusion amongst them by night he march'd with his Army to the Walls and taking the quarter of the Town call'd Aspis which lies above the Theater a place well fortify'd and hard to be approach'd he so terrify'd them that none offer'd to resist but agreed to accept a Garrison to give twenty Citizens for Hostages and to assist the Lacedaemonians and that he should have the chief Command This Action considerably encreas'd his Reputation and his Power for the ancient Spartan Kings though they many ways endeavour'd to effect it could never bring Argos to be stedfastly and sincerely theirs And Pyrrhus a most experienc'd Captain and brave Souldier though be entred the City by force could not keep Possession but was
Cost and was very zealous to promote the same Interest and though of her self she had no Inclination to marry yet for her Son's sake she wedded one of the chiefest Citizens for Wealth and Power Cleomenes marching forth with the Army now under his Command took Leuctra a place belonging to Megalopolis and the Achaeans quickly facing him with a good body of Men commanded by Aratus in a Battle under the very Walls of the City some part of his Army was routed But Aratus commanding the Achaeans not to pass a deep Hollow and stopping the Pursuit Lydiadas the Megalopolitan fretting at the Orders encouraging the Horse which he led and pursuing the routed Enemy fell into a place full of Vines Hedges and Ditches and being forc'd to break his Ranks was put into a great Disorder Cleomenes observing the Advantage commanded the Tarentines and Cretans to engage him by whom after a brave Dispute he was routed and slain The Lacedaemonians thus encouraged with a great shout fell upon the Achaeans and routed their whole Army Of the slain which were very many some Cleomenes delivered upon Articles but the Body of Lydiadas he commanded to be brought to him and then putting on it a purple Robe and a Crown upon its Head sent a Convoy with it to the Gates of Megalopolis This Lydiadas was the Man that resign'd his Crown restor'd Liberty to the Citizens and joyn'd the City to the Achaean Interest Cleomenes being very much raised by this Success and perswaded that if matters were wholly at his Disposal he should quickly be too hard for the Achaeans He taught Megistones his Mother's Husband That 't was expedient for the State to shake off the Power of the Ephori and to put all their Wealth into one common Stock for the whole Body That Sparta being restor'd to its old Equality might be rais'd up to be Mistriss of all Greece Megistones liked the Design and engaged two or three more of his Friends About that time one of the Ephori sleeping in Pasiphae's Temple dream'd a very surprizing Dream for he thought he saw the four Chairs removed out of the place where the Ephori used to sit and hear Causes and one only set there and whilst he wondred he heard a Voice out of the Temple saying This is best for Sparta The Person telling Cleomenes this Dream he was a little troubled at first fearing that he us'd this as a Trick to sift him upon some Suspicion of his Design but when he was satisfied that the Relater spoke truth he took heart again and taking with him those whom he thought would be against his model he took Eraea and Alcaea two Cities of the Achaeans furnish'd Orchomenium with Provisions besieg'd Mantinaea and with long marches so harass'd the Lacedaemonians that many of them desir'd to be left in Arcadia and he satisfy'd their Request With the Mercenaries he march'd to Sparta and by the way communicated his Design to those whom he thought fittest for his Purpose and march'd slowly that he might catch the Ephori at Supper When he was come near the City he sent Eurycleidas to the Sussitium the eating place of the Ephori under pretence of carrying some Message from him from the Army Threicion Phaebis and two of those which were bred with Cleomenes which they call Samothracae follow'd with a few Souldiers And whilst Eurycleidas was delivering his Message to the Ephori they ran upon them with their drawn Swords and slew them Agesilaus as soon as he was run through fell and lay as dead but in a little time he rose silently convey'd himself out of the Room and crept undiscover'd into a little House which was the Temple of Fear and which always us'd to be shut but was then by chance open being got in he shut the Door and lay close the other four were kill'd and above ten more that came to their Assistance to those that were quiet they did no harm stopt none that fled the City and spar'd Agesilaus who came out of the Temple the next day The Lacedaemonians have not only Temples dedicated to Fear but also to Death Laughter and the like Passions now they worship Fear not as they do those Deities which they dread esteeming it hurtfull but thinking their Polity is chiefly kept up by Law and therefore the Ephori Aristotle is my Author when they enter upon their Government make Proclamation to the People that they should shave their Whiskers and be obedient to the Laws that they might not be forc'd to be severe using this trivial Particular in my opinion to accustom their Youth to Obedience even in the smallest Matters And the Ancients I think did not imagine Fortitude to be plain fearlessness but a cautious Fear of Infamy and Disgrace for those that show most Fear towards the Laws are most bold against their Enemies and those are least afraid of any Danger who are most afraid of a just reproach Therefore he said well A Reverence still attends on Fear And Homer Fear'd you shall be dear Vncle and rever'd And again In silence fearing those that bore the sway For 't is very commonly seen that Men reverence those whom they fear and therefore the Lacedaemonians plac'd the Temple of Fear by the Sussitium of the Ephori having rais'd their Power to almost absolute Monarchy The next day Cleomenes proscrib'd 80 of the Citizens whom he thought necessary to banish and removed all the Seats of the Ephori except one in which he himself design'd to sit and hear Causes and calling the Citizens together he made an Apology for his Proceedings saying That by Lycurgus the Senate was joyn'd to the Kings and that that model of Government had continued a long time and needed no other sort of Magistrates to give it perfection But afterward in the long War with the Messenians when the Kings being to command the Army had no time to attend civil Causes they chose some of their Friends and left them to determine the Suits of the Citizens in their stead These were call'd Ephori and at first behav'd themselves as Servants to the Kings but afterward by degrees they appropriated the Power to themselves and erected a distinct sort of Magistracy An evidence of the Truth of this may be taken from the usual Behaviour of the Kings who upon the first and second Message of the Ephori refuse to go but upon the third readily attend them And Asteropus the first that rais'd the Ephori to that height of Power liv'd a great many years after their Institution therefore whil'st they modestly contain'd themselves within their own proper Sphear 't was better to bear with them than to make a disturbance But that an upstart introduc'd Power should so far destroy the old model of Government as to banish some Kings murder others without hearing their defence and threaten those who desir'd to see the best and most divine Constitution restor'd in Sparta was unsufferable Therefore if it had been
Assistance but demanded his Mother and Children for Hostages this for some considerable time he was asham'd to discover to his Mother and though he often went to her on purpose and was just upon the Discourse yet still refrain'd and kept it to himself so that she began to suspect somewhat and ask'd his Friends Whether Cleomenes had somewhat to say to her which he was afraid to speak At last Cleomenes venturing to tell her she laugh'd heartily and said Was this the thing that you had often a mind to tell me and was afraid Why do not you put me on Shipboard and send this Carkase where it may be most serviceable to Sparta before Age wastes it unprofitably here Therefore all things being provided for the Voyage they went to Taenarus on Foot and the Army waited on them Cratesiclaea when she was ready to go on Board took Cleomenes aside into Neptune's Temple and embracing him who was very much dejected and extreamly discompos'd she said thus Go to King of Sparta when we are without door let none see us Weep or show any Passion below the Honour and Dignity of Sparta for that alone is in our own Power as for Success or Disappointments those wait on us as the Deity decrees Having said thus and compos'd her Countenance she went to the Ship with her little Grandson and bad the Pilot put presently out to Sea When she came to Aegypt and understood that Ptolomy entertain'd Proposals and Overtures of Peace from Antigonus and that Cleomenes tho the Achaeans invited and urg'd him to an Agreement was afraid for her sake to come to any without Ptolomy's consent she wrote to him advising him to do that which was most becoming and most profitable for Sparta and not for the sake of an old Woman and a little Child always stand in fear of Ptolomy this Character she maintain'd in her Misfortunes Antigonus having taken Tegea and plunder'd Orchomenum and Mantinaea Cleomenes was shut up within the narrow Bounds of Laconia and made such of the Heilots as could pay five Attick pounds free of Sparta and by that means got together 500 Talents and arming 2000 after the Macedonian fashion that he might make a Body fit to oppose Antigonus's Lucaspidae white Shields he undertook a very considerable and very surprizing Enterprize Megalopolis was at that time a City of itself as big and as powerful as Sparta and had the Forces of the Achaeans and Antigonus encamping on its sides and it was chiefly the Megalopolitans doing that Antigonus was call'd in to assist the Achaeans Cleomenes having a design upon this City no Action was ever more sudden and more unexpected order'd his Men to take five days Provision and so march'd to Sellasia as if he intended to spoil the Country of the Argives but from thence making a descent into the Territories of Megalopolis and refreshing his Army about Rhaetium he march'd through Helicon directly to the City When he was not far off the Town he sent Panteus with two Regiments to surprize the Mesopyrgion the Quarter between the two Towers which he understood to be the most unguarded Quarter of the Megalopolitans Fortifications and with the rest of his Forces he follow'd leisurely Panteus not only surpriz'd that place but finding a great part of the Wall without Guards he pull'd down some Places and demolish'd others and kill'd all the Defenders that he found Whilst he was thus busied Cleomenes came up to him and was got with his Army within the City before the Megalopolitans knew of the surprize At last as soon as it was discover'd some left the Town immediately taking with them what Money they had ready some arm'd and engag'd the Enemy and tho' they were not able to beat them out yet they gave their Citizens time and opportunity safely to retire so that there were not above 1000 Persons left in the Town all the rest flying with their Wives and Children and escaping to Messena A great number of those that arm'd and fought the Enemy were sav'd and very few taken amongst whom were Lysandridas and Thearidas two Men of great Power and Reputation amongst the Magalopolitans and therefore the Soldiers as soon as they were taken brought them to Cleomenes And Lysandridas as soon as he saw Cleomenes afar off cry'd out Now King of Sparta 't is in your power by doing a most Kingly and braver Action than you have alredy perform'd to purchase a considerable Glory And Cleomenes guessing at his meaning reply'd What do you say Lysandridas sure you will not advise me to restore your City to you again 'T is that which I mean Lysandridas reply'd and I advise you not to ruin so brave a City but to fill it with faithful and stedfast Friends and Allies by restoring their Country to the Megalopolitans and being the Saviour of so considerable a People Cleomenes paus'd a while and then said 'T is very hard to trust so far in these Matters but with us let Profit always yield to Glory Having said this he sent the two Men to Messena with a Trumpeter from himself offering the Megalopolitans their City again if they would forsake the Achaean Interest and be on his side Thô Cleomenes made these kind and obliging Proposals yet Philopaemen would not suffer them to break their League with the Achaeans and accusing Cleomenes to the People as if his design was not to restore the City but to take the Citizens too he forc'd Thearidas and Lysandridas to leave Messena This was that Philopaemen who was afterward Chief of the Achaeans and a Man of the greatest Reputation amongst the Greeks as I have made it appear in his own Life This News coming to Cleomenes though he had before taken such strict care that the City should not be plunder'd yet then being in a Fury and put out of all Patience he rifled them of all their Coin Plate and Jewels and sent their Statues and Pictures unto Sparta and demolishing a great part of the City he march'd away for fear of Antigonus and the Achaeans but they never stirr'd for they were in Aegium at a Council of War There Aratus mounted the Desk wept a long while and held his Mantle before his Face and at last the company being amaz'd and commanding him to speak he said Megalopolis is ruin'd by Cleomenes The Assembly was presently Dissolv'd the Achaeans being extremely surpriz'd at the suddeness and greatness of the loss and Antigonus intending to send speedy succors when he found his Army to gather very slowly out of their Winter-Quarters he sent them Orders to continue there still and he himself march'd to Argos with a considerable Body of Men. The The second Enterprize of Cleomenes seem'd to be carry'd on by extreme Boldness and unaccountable Madness but yet in Polybius's Opinion was done upon mature Deliberation and exact Fore-sight for knowing very well that the Macedonians were dispers'd into their Winter-Quarters and that Antigonus with his Friends and a few
Mercenaries about him winter'd in Argos upon these Considerations he invaded the Country of the Argives hoping to shame Antigonus to a Battle upon unequal terms or else if he did not dare to fight to bring him into Disrepute with the Achaeans And this accordingly hapned for Cleomenes wasting plundring and spoiling the whole Countrey the Argives vex'd at the loss ran in Troops to the Palace of the King and clamour'd that he should either fight or surrender his Command to better and braver Men. But Antigonus as became an experienc'd Captain accounting it dishonourable foolishly to hazard his Army and quit his Security and not to be abus'd and rail'd at by the Rabble would not march out against Cleomenes but stood fix'd to the Designs which he had laid Cleomenes in the mean time brought his Army up to the very Walls and having uncontroul'dly spoil'd the Countrey and insulted o'er his Enemies drew off again A little while after being advertis'd that Antigonus design'd for Tegea and thence to make an Incursion into Laconia he hastily march'd with his Army another way and appear'd early in the morning before Argos and wasted the Fields about it the Corn he did not cut down with Reaping-hooks and Scythes as Men usually do but beat it down with Staves made like Scymetars as if with a great deal of Contempt and wanton Scorn he spoil'd the Fields and wasted the Country in his march yet when his Soldiers would have set Cyllabris the School of Exercise on Fire he hindred the Attempt reflecting upon serious consideration that the Outrages committed at Megalopolis were the effects of his Passion rather than his Wisdom He pretended to make such little account of and so much to despise Antigonus who first retir'd to Argos and afterward plac'd Garisons on all the Mountains round about that he sent a Trumpeter to desire the Keys of Heraeum Iuno's Temple that he might sacrifice to the Goddess Thus with a Scoff and bitter Reflection on Antigonus and having sacrific'd to the Goddess under the Walls of the Temple which was shut he march'd to Phlius and from thence driving out those that Garison'd Hologountum he march'd down to Orchomenum And these Enterprizes not only encourag'd the Citizens but made him appear to the very Enemies to be an experienc'd Captain and very worthy of Command for with the Strength of one City not only to fight the Power of the Macedonians and all the Poloponnesians not only to preserve Laconia from being spoil'd but to waste the Enemies Country and to take so many and such considerable Cities is an Argument of no common Bravery He that first said That Money was the Sinews of Affairs seem'd chiefly in that Saying to respect War And Demades when the Athenians had voted that a Navy should be made ready but had no Money said They should make Bread before they thought of Sailing And the old Archidamus in the beginning of the Poloponnesian War when the Allies desir'd that each Parties share of Contributions for the War should be determin'd is reported to have said War cannot be kept to a set Diet For as well breath'd Wrestlers do in time weary and tire out the most active and most skilful Combitant so Antigonus coming to the War with a great stock of Wealth weary'd out Cleomenes whose Poverty made it difficult for him either to provide Pay for the Mercenaries or Provisions for the Citizens For in all other Respects the Time favour'd Cleomenes for Antigonus's Affairs at home began to be disturb'd for the Barbarians wasted and over-ran Macedonia whilst he was absent and at that time a vast Army of the Illyrians came down to be freed from whose Outrages the Macedonians sent for Antigonus and the Letters had almost been brought to him before the Battel was fought upon the receipt of which he presently dislodg'd and left the Achaeans Affairs to themselves But Fortune that loves to determine the greatest Affairs by a Minute in this Conjuncture show'd such an exact niceness of Time that immediately after the Battle in Sellasia was over and Cleomenes had lost his Army and his City the Messengers reach'd Antigonus And this made Cleomenes's Misfortune more to be pitied for if he had forborn fighting two days longer there had been no need of hazarding a Battle since upon the departure of the Macedonians he might have had what Conditions he pleas'd from the Achaeans But now as I hinted before for want of Money being necessitated to rely wholly on his Arms he was forc'd with 20000 this is Polybius's Account to engage thirty thousand and approving himself an excellent Commander in this Difficulty his Citizens showing an extraordinary Courage and his Mercenaries Bravery enough he was over-born by the different way of fighting and the weight of the arm'd Phalanx Besides Phylarchus affirms that the Treachery of some about him was the chief Cause of Cleomene's Ruine For Antigonus gave Orders that the Illyrians and Acharnanians should march round by a secret way and encompass the other Wing which Eucleidas Cleomenes's Brother Commanded and then drew out the rest of his Forces to the Battel And Cleomenes from a convenient Rising viewing his Order and not seeing any of the Illyrians and Acharnanians began to suspect that Antigonus had sent them upon some such Design and calling for Damoteles who was to inspect and to provide against Ambushes commanded him carefully to look after and discover the Enemies Designs upon his Rear But Damoteles for some say Antigonus had brib'd him telling him that he should not be solicitous about that matter for all was well enough but mind and fight those that met him in the Front He was satisfied and advanc'd against Antigonus and by the vigorous Charge of his Spartans made the Macedonian Phalanx give ground and press'd upon them with great Advantage about halfe a Mile but then making a stand and seeing the danger which the surrounded Wing commanded by his Brother Eucleidas was in he cry'd out Thou art lost dear Brother thou art lost thou brave example to our Spartan Youth and Theme of our Matron's Songs Eucleidas's Wing being thus cut in pieces and the Conquerors from that part falling upon his Battle he perceiv'd his Soldiers to be disorder'd and unable to maintain the Fight and therefore provided for his own safety When he came into the City he advised those Citizens that he met to receive Antigonus and as for himself he said which should appear most advantageous to Sparta whether his Life or Death that he would chuse Seeing the Women running out to those that fled with him taking their Arms and bring Drinking to them he entred into his own House and his Servant which was a Free-born Woman taken from Megalopolis after his Wife's Death offering as she us'd to do to make necessary Provision for him returning from the Battle thô he was very thirsty he refus'd to drink and thô very weary to sit down but Arm'd as he was he clapt
possible for him without Bloodshed to have freed Lacedaemon from those foreign Plagues Luxury Vanity Debts and Usury and from those more ancient Evils Poverty and Riches he should have thought himself the happiest King in the World having like an expert Physician cur'd the Diseases of his Countrey without pain But now in this necessity Lycurgus's Example favour'd his Proceedings who being neither King nor Magistrate but a private Man and aiming at the Kingdom came arm'd into the Market-place and for fear of the King Carileus fled to the Altar but he being a good Man and a lover of his Countrey readily consented to Lycurgus's Project and admitted an Alteration in the State Thus by his own Actions Lycurgus show'd That it was difficult to correct the Government without Force and Fear in using which he said he would be so moderate as never to desire their Assistance but either to terrifie or ruine the Enemies of Sparta's Happiness and Safety He commanded that all the Land should be left in common and private Claims laid aside That Debtors should be discharged of their Debts and a strict search made who were Foreigners and who not That the true Spartans recovering their Courage might defend the City by their Arms and that we may no longer see Laconia for want of a sufficient number to secure it wasted by the Aetolians and Illyrians Then he himself first with his Father-in-law Megistones and his Friends brought all their Wealth into one publick Stock and all the other Citizens follow'd the example the Land was divided and every one that he had banish'd had a share assign'd him for he promis'd to restore all as soon as things were settled and in quiet and compleating the common number of Citizens out of the best and most agreeable of the neighbouring Inhabitants he rais'd a Body of 4000 Men and instead of a Spear taught them to use a Sarissa a long Pike with both hands and to carry their Shields by a String fastned round their Arms and not by a Handle as before After this he began to consult about the exercising and breeding of the Youth many Particulars of which Sphaerus being then at Sparta directed and in a short time the Schools of Exercise and their Sussitia common eating Places recover'd their ancient Decency and Order a few out of necessity but the most voluntarily applying themselves to that generous and Laconick way of Living besides that the Name of Monarch might give them no jealousie he made Eucleidas his Brother Partner in the Throne and that was the only time that Sparta had two Kings of the same Family Then understanding that the Achaeans and Aratus imagin'd that this Change had disturb'd and shaken his Affairs and that he would not venture out of Sparta and leave the City now unsettled by so great an Alteration he thought it great and serviceable to his Designs to convince his Enemies that he was eagerly desirous of a War And therefore making an Incursion into the Territories of Megalopolis he wasted the Countrey very much and got a considerable Booty And at last taking those that us'd to act in the publick Solemnities travelling from Messena and building a Theater in the Enemies Countrey and setting a Prize of 40 l. value he sate Spectator a whole day not that he either desir'd or needed such a Divertisement but as it were insulting o're his Enemies and that by thus manifestly despising them he might show that he had more than conquer'd the Achaeans For that alone of all the Greek or Kings Armies had no Stage-players no Juglers no dancing or singing Women attending it but was free from all sorts of Loosness Wantonness and Foppery the young Men being for the most part upon Duty and the old Men teaching them at leisure time to apply themselves to their usual Drollery and to rally one another facetiously after the Laconick fashion the Advantages of which I have discover'd in the Life of Lycurgus He himself instructed all by his Example he was a living Pattern of Temperance before every bodies eyes and his course of Living was neither more stately nor more expensive than any of the Commons And this was a considerable Advantage to him in his Designs on Greece for Men when they waited upon other Kings did not so much admire their Wealth costly Furniture and numerous Attendance as they hated their Pride and State their difficulty of Access and scornful commanding Answers to their Petitions But when they came to Cleomenes who was both really a King and bore that Title and saw no Purple no Robes of State upon him no Chairs and Couches about him for his ease and that he did not receive Petitions and return Answers after a long delay by a number of Messengers Waiters or by Bills but that he rose and came forward to meet those that came to wait upon him staid talk'd freely and graciously with all that had Business they were extreamly taken won to his Service and profess'd that he alone was the true Son of Hercules His common every days Meal was in a mean Room very sparing and after the Laconick manner and when he entertain'd Ambassadors or Strangers two more Beds were added and a little better Dinner provided by his Servants but no Fricacies no Dainties only the Dishes were larger and the Wine more plentiful for he reprov'd one of his Friends for entertaining some Strangers with nothing but Pulse and black Broth such Diet as they usually had in their Phiditia saying That upon such occasions and when they treat Strangers 't was not requisite to be too exact Laconians After Supper a Stand was brought in with a brass Vessel full of Wine two silver Pots which held almost a Quart apiece a few silver Cups of which he that pleas'd might drink but no Liquor was forc'd on any of the Guests There was no Musick nor was any requir'd for he entertain'd the Company sometimes asking Questions sometimes telling Stories And his Discourse was neither too grave and unpleasantly serious nor vain and abusive but merrily facetious for he thought those ways of catching Men by Gifts and Presents which other Kings use to be mean and inartificial and it seem'd to him to be the most glorious method and most suitable to a King to win the Affections of those that came near him by pleasant Discourse and unaffected Conversation for a Friend and Mercenary differ only in this that the one is made by Conversation and Agreeableness of Humour and the other by Reward The Mantineans were the first that oblig'd him for getting by night into the City and driving out the Achaean Garrison they put themselves under his Protection he restor'd them their Polity and Laws and the same day march'd to Tegea and a little while after fetching a Compass through Arcadia he made a descent upon Pherae in Achaia intending to force Aratus to a Battel or bring him into Disrepute for refusing to engage and suffering him to wast