Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	arm_n	great_a	war_n	1,228	5	5.7434	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51765	A manifesto, or, An account of the state of the present differences between the most serene and potent King of Denmark and Norway Christian the V., and the most serene Duke of Sleswick and Holstein-Gottorp Christian Albert together with some letters of the King of Great Britain, the King of Denmark, and the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, concerning a mediation in these differences, which the king of Great Britain most generously offer'd, and the king of Denmark refused and slighted : as also some other letters of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lunenbourgh, the emperor, &c., whereby the calumnies of a certain Danish minister are plainly detected.	Christian Albrecht, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, 1641-1695.	1677 (1677)	Wing M428A; ESTC R12344	65,710	126

in all the calamities attending a VVar by which though the House of Gottorp hath suffered infinite Damages and Violations in its Rights yet were they never extinguished nor lest to the sole pleasure and determination of the King of Denmark as Supreme Prince But not to take the matter too high and to come nearer to our Subject let the beginning and end of the late VVar between the Danes and Swedes be diligently considered for from thence springs all the mischief Carolus Gustavus King of Sweden making VVar against Poland and having raised up many powerful Enemies who seemed to have reduced his Army to great streights Frederick the III. King of Denmark of happy Memory taking that opportunity declared VVar against the Swedes making great preparations both of Men and Arms as thinking he should never have a more favourable opportunity to recover his Losses and humble the Swedes And the King of Sweden being by Marriage with the Daughter of Frederick Duke of Gottorpe of happy Memory become nearly allied to that House the said Duke Frederick obtained a Promise from his Son-in-Law that he would hearken to a Peace which he undertook to mediate with the King of Denmark The Duke therefore wrote several Letters with his own hand to the King of Denmark to perswade him to Peace and not only profer'd his own assistance to conclude it but earnestly recommended the promoting of it to the Ambassador of the most Christian King Yet so far was the King of Denmark from taking this Office in good part that he never thought fit to give the Duke any Answer herein But the event of this unnecessary War was that the King of Denmark instead of reasonable conditions of Peace which the Duke of Gottorp might have obtained for him having spent his Forces was obliged at last to admit of such as a Conqueror would impose upon him And whilst this Treaty was a concluding by which Schonen and the neighbouring Provinces were yielded up to the Swedes the King of Sweden thought himself obliged to take care of the House of Gottorp which having sustained great damages in this War he thought ought likewise to receive all just Satisfaction Amongst other things it was agreed that the House of Gottorp should hold and enjoy the Dukedom of Sleswick hereafter not as formerly from the Crown of Denmark but independently and absolutely without subjection to any other Power To this the King of Denmark seemed at first very unwilling to consent but when the States of that Kingdom offered him the same Right over that part of the Dutchy of Sleswick which was his and thereby gave him occasion to aspire to the Monarchy of the whole Kingdom he approved thereof both for himself and the Duke of Gottorp Not long after the King having compassed his design and obtained the Monarchy of the Kingdom of Denmark from that time governed all things by his sole will and pleasure exercising an independent Authority and absolute Dominion over the Persons and Estates of his Subjects Thus the Danish Commonwealth being changed and all things having put on a new Face the King endeavoured all he could so to order the affairs of the Kingdom as might best establish his Authority enable him to repulse his Enemies and recover his Losses And nothing seeming more to oppose his designs then the Dukedom of Sleswick and Holstein eminent in Riches abounding with Valiant men and unaccustomed to such kind of Dominion which would adhere to the Duke of Gottorp who had Souldiers and a well-fortified Town there and that probably Holstein might demand help from the Emperor and Empire the Danes begun to have an ill Eye upon the Duke and his Fort of Tuningen suspecting his League with the Swedes and Journey to that King which they endeavoured many ways to traduce insomuch that their envy against the House of Gottorp and their Designs to break the Treaty made at Roschild appeared ●ain enough though they endeavoured to cover their designs by writing several Letters pretending all friendship and sincerity at the same time 〈◊〉 to put them in practise These Designs of Denmark being now grown so ripe that nothing but an opportunity seemed wanting it quickly offered it self For the King of France having made War upon the Vnited Netherlands and they having eased themselves of the burthen thereof upon Germany the Elector of Brandenburg joyned himself together with others with the Confederates in opposition to the most Christian King and afterwards concluded a Peace with him by the Mediation of the King of Sweden upon most advantageous Terms who having interposed his Guarantee to the King of France and the Elector soon after taking up Arms contrary thereunto the Emperor Elector of Brandenburg and others fearing lest the Swedes should make good their Guarantee by force of Armes drew the King of Denmark to their side for a diversion to the Swedes No sooner had the King of Denmark got this opportunity but he Muster'd his Army in Juitland and presently after put them into Quarters yet so as the Enemies of the Swedes at the Court had an opportunity still to perswade that King to a War against them which the Swedes endeavoured to divert by sending a splendid Embassy to Copenhaguen but without success being able to obtain only a short delay of that Expedition In this conjuncture of Affairs the King of Denmark had fully resolved upon a War against the Swedes but suspecting that the House of Gottorp to which he had shewed so much ill-will would not neglect their own Defence whereby his Designs might miscarry He thought in the first place by depriving it of all its Riches Arms Forts and Force to ruin it wholly and in order thereunto the King made several exorbitant Demands and moveing frequently with his Army seemed to Threaten open Violence afterwards in the Assembly of the States of the Province he challenged to himself the major part of the Revenues which had always been equally divided between him and the Duke of Gottorp leaving a very small proportion to the Duke But his Highness having signified by his Ambassadors to the Kings Commissioners that he would oppose this Demand as contrary to the Antient Customs the Assembly was dissolved without doing any thing and Adjourned to another time these Controversies encreasing daily more and more But the most remarkable was that about the Succession to the County of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst which being long debated was at last left to the Imperial Tribunal for a final decision the most Serene Dukes of Holstein-Ploen being Plaintiff against the King of Denmark and Dukes of Gottorp whilst these two last withstood joyntly the Dukes of Ploen according as they had agreed between them the business remained undetermined but the Duke of Holstein-Ploen going another way to work found means to transact with the King separately and so that obstacle being removed sentence was given in the Emperours Court against the Duke of Gottorp This Transaction was carried so secretly that

John Meurs an excellent Writer of the Danish History relates of Margaret the prudent and careful Queen of Denmark that she made a Peace with Gerhard Duke of Sleswick and those of Holstein Covenanting That the sole Jurisdiction over Sleswick and Holstein should remain to their Dukes and Earls and that for the future she should not meddle in the Affairs thereof nor they in those of Denmark lib. 5. Contin Hist Dan. p. 9● But Gerhard being Dead Margaret and her Husband Eric demanded the Guardianship of his Children and under that pretence seizing upon many Castles and Places of the Dukedome at last endeavoured to get the whole and reunite it to the Crown of Denmark which being perceived by Gerhards Sons and other Princes and that she demanded of them first absolutely to resign that Dukedome to the King and Kingdom of Denmark before they should receive the Investiture of it occasioned a sharp War for Thirty years At last when the Dukedom came to Adolph the last Duke of the House of Schawenburg and that by his Interest Christian the first Son to Theodorick Earl of Oldenburgh and Hedewig Adolphus's Sister had been Elected King of Denmark He promised by a solemn Deed to his Vnckle and the States of the Province of Sleswick that he would never unite or incorporate the Dukedom of Sleswick to the Kingdom of Denmark and that they should Swear Allegiance to him as Duke of Sleswick and not as King of Denmark And Adolph dying Ten years after without Children Christian succeeded him and from that time the Fief of the Dukedome of Sleswick was not solemnly granted by the Kings of Denmark to any Body that I know says the Learned David Chytraeus lib. 24. Saxon. Hist p. 717. seq for above 120 years after There have been besides other disputes about this Dukedome as That this Fief should be exempted from the performance of all Services That the Succession should come to Women as well as Men by which it appears that it was not always granted or held upon the same conditions and that there is little Reason to envy the House of Gottorp for having at its own great charges and cost obtained for that Dukedome an Independent Authority and thereby taken away all occasions of discord between them and the Danes For after this Independent Soveraignty was granted though they might have justly demanded other satisfactions to be made them the Duke preferred a Peace which they had justly sought by the alteration of this Dukedome and which was confirmed by the consent of the King and States of Denmark as most advantageous both to the King and the House of Gottorp to all the Monies they might expect And as all other humane things or goods may by commerce pass from one hand to another so there is no doubt but the Right of an Independent and Supreme Power may likewise be transmitted and alienated Therefore if a proportioned satisfaction be demanded to a great loss sustained it may be given not only in paying so much mony or delivering up so many Towns and Provinces but by quitting and transferring the Right of Supreme Power by those who have a right to Alienate so that a Person who before he had due satisfaction made him had but a Dependent Power may receive and retain it Supreme and Absolute This being confirmed by a late instance of the Elector of Brandenburg who not many years ago obtained Prussia in this manner To say that the most Serene Dukes of Gottorp have fortified Tonningen levied Forces entred into a League with the Swedes and made a Journey to Stockholme is but a frivolous Accusation For what should hinder the Duke of Gottorp or by what Law is he prohibited to fortifie a Town or raise a Fort and Building one in the Dukedome of Holstein he only does what all the Princes and States of the Empire think they may do and do every day And if he would do the same in his Dukedome of Sleswick we know no Law or Treaty by which he is prohibited to do it Frederick Duke of Gottorp having to his own cost found that he was exposed to all sorts of injuries and damages when-ever the Enemies of the Kings of Denmark were by War or otherwise drawn into his Territories and that he was secure no-where towards the latter and of the year 1644. during the War began to fortifie Tonningen which was not opposed by the King of Denmark as there was no just reason to do it But about the year 1660. that King laid Siege to the place to force the Duke to abolish and annul the Treaty made at Roschild for the benefit of the House of Gottorp whence you may well judge with how little sincerity the Danes intended to keep this Treaty which they had so solemnly agreed and bound themselves to But the Duke refusing to hearken to so unreasonable a demand endured the Siege stoutly till after some time a Peace was concluded without the least mention that these Fortifications ought not to have been raised or promise of demolishing them For as this Fort was built only for the security and defence of the House of Gottorp that the Dukes might have a Place to retire to in times of danger so they never raised more Forces than were necessary for the defence of the Place And if the Duke had intended to invade Denmark he must have provided much greater Forces and taken other Measures That the Duke has entred into a League with the King of Sweden is not denied but it is only such an one as may enable him to resist an unjust Force and defend himself If the Danes do accuse him of making any other Leagues to the Ruin of Germany or Denmark his Highness denies it absolutely and desires no credit may be given them in a thing for which they can bring no evidence But if they alleadge that the Conditions by which the Duke has sought to secure his own House from their Oppressions are Hostile and against them they plainly shew that they have a mind to wrong those they ought rather to Protect and not provoke to a just Defence which in the end may prove dangerous to Denmark it self That Objection of the Dukes journey into Sweden is much of the same nature For although his Highness would not be diverted by the Councils and demands of the King of Denmark tending to nothing but a War from going to see the King and Queen Mother his near Relations and take their advice yet this Journey was never undertaken to enter into new Alliances those Princes being entred into one long before but in respect and deference to the most Serene Queen his Sister who had promised to come and see him Nay if the Danes who are generally very clear-sighted in the affairs of the House of Gottorp did not interpret all that which the House of Gottorp does in the worst sence they could have satisfied themselves easily that that Journey was never intended against their

Interest But some may say that it was not lawful for the Duke of Gottorp to make a League with the King of Sweden because he was declared an Enemy to the Empire Such fooleries are so ridiculous that they deserve no Answer But because they are spread abroad and may deceive the simple who are the greater number we must say something to them VVhy the French and Swedes have been declared Enemies of the Empire is a matter we shall not meddle with The Duke of Gottorp is not concerned in the Quarrel of either of them and so ought not to be involved therein The Duke has been allied with Sweden since 1661 long before the Swedes were declared Enemies of the Empire and at a time when all the Parties in War even the Emperor and also Spain courted the Friendship of Sweden and earnestly desired their Mediation to compose the differences then on Foot Besides there is no Article of that Treaty with Sweden which may endanger the safety of the Empire or any of its Members since it is wholly Defensive Nay the Duke has by express words excepted the Empire declaring he would not be bound by this Treaty whenever any thing should happen to the prejudice of the same And also the King of Sweden in it recommends to the Duke by all means to entertain a friendship with the King of Denmark And the Danes themselves will not deny but that they the Elector of Brandenbourgh and others have invited Sweden to enter into a League with them and therefore cannot blame in the Duke of Gottorp what they themselves did or would have done especially since the Duke sought nothing more than to render the Peace and publick Safety more firm and secure It is then a meer cavil to object that the Dukes of Holstein have made a League with the Swedes who are Enemies of the Empire as such since their help was never intended to be used but for a just defence against those who contrary to the Faith of Treaties would invade them and not to the prejudice of the Empire or any body else there being reason enough to fear an Invasion by the face of things then as the event has too unfortunately shewn But because the Danes are of opinion as to the Taxes that their Kings demand of the greater part of them for himself was very just and that the Duke had no reason to deny it since his Majesty had an Army in Pay or at least more Troops than his Highness to defend both Dukedomes this must be more particularly examined And first 't is certain that the King would never acquaint the Duke nor the States of the Province with the designs of this VVar though it was to be carried on with their Monies and so was far from undertaking it with their will and consent according to the Treaties and antient Customs Moreover though he had undertaken this VVar with the consent of the Duke and States he could not demand more mony than was agreed by the antient Treaties and was wont to be granted Besides this VVar was not entred into for the defence of these Dukedomes but that the King of Denmark might take that occasion of invading the Swedes and recover his losses in the last VVar. Again if the King of Denmark thought that because of his League with the Emperour and the Elector of Brandenbourgh he could justly attack the Swedes yet could he not violate the Agreements made by the Treaty of Roschild trample it under feet ruin the House of Gottorp and to that end demand first the greater part of the Taxes then overcharge the Dukes Subjects with Impositions exhaust them almost totally by forcing from them in less than half a year several Millions of Gold Nay when the King of Denmark is put upon a necessary and defensive War 't is but just he should bring into the Field a greater Army than the Duke for the Dukedoms of Sleswick and Holstein lying as a fence to Denmark and its security depending upon theirs each Prince is bound to find Forces proportionably to the Land they possess and which are to be secured from the Enemy And though perhaps the King of Denmark may say that he will with his own Souldiers alone defend those Dukedomes and therefore has right to demand money from them and all other necessaries for War at his pleasure yet it is to be considered that this cannot be done but by violating in the highest manner the Rights of the Duke of Gottorp for we must not think that by reason of a War the King may do every thing and the House of Gottorp have no Power left in their own Territories Nay that Serene House pretends to as much Power and Right as to the making and carrying on a VVar as the King of Denmark in quality of Duke of Sleswick and Holstein can any ways pretend to The Danes now do not question whether the House of Gottorp hath the Power of VVar since they have enjoyed it in all Ages and made use of it against the oppressions of the Danes but that King endeavours to get it to himself having in these late troubles manifested his designs of absolutely depriving the House of Gottorp of the Power and Right of VVar for when the Duke and all his Territories were in the Kings possession at Rendsbourgh the Danes demanded an account of what Troops the Duke had sent for the defence of the Empire ordering that they should be paid only by the Kings Commissioners as they are called that the Duke of Gottorp might understand from thence that he was not to keep any more Souldiers for his Defence nor to have any part of the Right and Power of VVar in the affairs of the Empire or the Circle of Lower-Saxony but that the King would challenge it wholly himself to the great injury and oppression of the House of Gottorp and danger of other Princes But the Proceedings at Rendsbourgh are covered with this further pretence as if by it the Antient Union between the Kings of Denmark and House of Gottorp was restored and those Provinces re-establisht in their most flourishing Condition and therefore since the greatest Masters of Prudence teach us that that Government which makes both the Prince and his Subjects most happy ought to be preferred and kept the King seems to have rather done well than ill by having disposed and brought the Dukedomes from a less to a more happy nay most happy state by the transactions of Rendsbourgh This is a fair Speech but if we consider it a little nearer we shall easily discover its fraud For whereas the Kings of Denmark and Dukes of Gottorp have their Lands Governments and Towns in the Dukedomes of Sleswick and Holstein not only contiguous but intermixed with one another and the safety and happiness of Denmark depending not a little upon the good Government of these Dukedomes there were Treaties of Union made confirmed and exchanged on both sides by which the Government

explain and confirm I am wholly of the opinion of those who believe that laying aside the Civil Law by which the Obligation may be taken away or diminisht whosoever has promised a thing through fear is bound because he has given his absolute consent and not a conditional one as in the case of one that mistakes For as Aristotle says very well he that throws his goods into the Sea for fear of Shipwrack would willingly save them conditionally viz. if the danger was not imminent but he is absolutely content to lose them considering the circumstance of time and place But I esteem this most true if the man to whom the Promise is made has terrifyed ●he other not justly but unjustly though but a little and upon this has got a Promise he to whom the promise was made is bound to release him from it if the other desires it not becaus● the Promise is of no force but for the injury done L. 2. de Jure B. P. c. 11. n. 7. He explains these last words thus in another place He that has by cunning force or unjust fear obtained from another a Contract or Promise is bound to release the Person of his said Contract for he had a right neither to be deceived nor to be forced the first by the nature of Contracts the other by the Liberty of Nature Lib. 2. de Jure B. P. c. 17. n. 17. And he repeats the same lib. 3. c. 19. n. 4. 10. The King of Denmark can so much the less deny this right of Restitution to the House of Gottorp because he himself would have challenged the same right when it was his own case For his Majesty having extorted from the Duke by meer force all he thought fit his Highness was reproached that he had gotten these things before by force and the Arms of an Enemy and had given just cause consequently to the King to repossess himself the same way It will then be very just that the King suffer the Duke to make use of the same Law against his Majesty which he would have used against his Highness since this is a Rule of the Law of Nature which obliges all Princes without distinction I say the King would have made use of this Law against the Duke that having been forced to the Treaty in question he ought to have been restored unto his Rights again But in this the Danes are very much mistaken that they do not distinguish by what kind of force or fear one is constrained whether just or unjust and have gone about foolishly to perswade themselves and others that the King had recovered the Soveraignty of the Dukedom of Sleswick the same way he had lost it For as Justice offers Restitution with both hands to a man forced unjustly to a promise or grant so it denies it flatly to one justly forced Therefore when any one has himself been the cause of his being compelled to promise o● give he cannot recover it the same way having lost his right of Restitution by giving a just cause to the other who has justly employed a just force Grot. lib. 2. c. 17. n. 19. 11. This Restitution due upon so many accounts ought not to be denied because of the great Evils and dangerous Errours which may spring from such a denial For if we take the Treaty of Rendsbourgh into serious consideration we shall find the Duke of Gottorp deprived of all his Royalties and the King alone invested with them and all submitted to his Pleasure For the King alone having undertaken the defence of both Dukedoms declared all the Dukes Treaties null deprived him of his Souldiers demolisht his Towns and Forts detained him against his will in Custody raised such great Taxes upon his Lands that his Highness and his Subjects have nothing remaining whence it is manifest that the Right of Peace and War and the other great Royalties are taken away from the Duke by this Treaty or at least so much incroached upon that all the Authority which he might of right and has hitherto after the Example of his Ancestors enjoyed and exercised is now in the King alone and at his dispose under whose power and pleasure his Highness must hereafter live under the Notion of a Client or Vassal but really as a Subject So heretofore the Latins complained That under the colour of a League with the Romans they lived in Slavery and the Achaians that their League was now become a precarious Slavery and as Tacitus speaks A miserable Slavery was now falsly called Peace And though Proculus be of opinion that free Tenants are not under the Dominion or Subjection of the Patron yet when a Prince or People come under the Protection of a Superiour Prince or People we know by experience that a fall is easie in slippery ground and that the Tenantship is soon changed into a soft Slavery which the Duke of Gottorp has the more reason to fear and avoid For that the King of Denmarks Power reaching from the further part of Norway as far as Holland is very great and that under the pretence of the Union at the Treaty of Rendsbourgh vainly called by the Name of Pragmatick Sanction an occasion may be taken to oppress or suppress the Authority and Dignity of the House of Gottorp Who ever saw a Soveraign Prince without Royalties Who can shew a Duke of Sleswick thus wholly divested of his high Prerogatives If the Dukes of Sleswick are to be invested hereafter by giving them a Banner and with the Ceremony observed at Ottenwaldt in 1580 will not that be a Proclaiming of them Subjects with the greater Pomp only and telling the world by this Investiture how proud they are of this Subjection If the Dukes of Gottorp were cast into this condition or abandoned in it and on the contrary the Kings of Denmark might govern at their Pleasure the Dukedomes of Sleswick and Holstein and that part of them also which belongeth to the Duke what an augmentation of Power would that be to them and how might they abuse it if ever they would make use of it against Germany and especially the Circle of the Lower-Saxony This may be made out by an exact account of the vast sums of mony and all other things they have extorted in a little time from those Provinces it is hardly credible how great the sums are And we know well enough what an ambitious Example they have shown and there is no question but opportunity and power will invite others to follow them Therefore Prudence requires rather that the Duke of Gottorp should be in time restored to his former condition and all his Rights than that so many Princes Provinces and Towns be destroyed by his Ruin which will be easily prevented if the injury now done to his Highness be looked upon by every one of them as done to themselves But suppose we should grant that the Duke of Gottorp has effectually bound himself by the conditions of

if he would give him leave The King commending this Resolution of the Prince said twice he hoped the President Kielmannus would come along too Accordingly next day the Duke being perswaded that all was sincerely and honestly intended begun that unhappy Journy with the President and some others and being near Rendsburgh was received with the shooting of several Guns But hearing there from some of his what had been said in the Kings Name about the Taxes his Highness desired it might be regulated according to former Treaties and Antient Customes and as to other things he declared himself as above protesting he would always obey the King and wholly employ these Taxes in a War for the defence of his Country At last comes that fatal and unfortunate day the 26. of June in which all the designs that had been so long a-hatching against the House of Gottorp to its Ruin were to be put in Execution and that hidden Fire to break out into open Flames It was hastened by some Letters that came that very day from the Elector of Brandenbourg and brought the News of the defeat of the Swedes in the Province of La Mark Assoon as they were read all things seemed to favour the Kings designs and conspire to the Ruin of the House of Gottorp The Danes glad and proud of this good Omen thought it not sit to delay or dissemble it any longer but called a Council of VVar shut the Gates drew up their Draw-bridges sent their Forces to Sleswick Tonninghen and up and down shut up the Harbour with a Boom disarmed and secured the Dukes Troop of Guards and permitted none to sti 〈…〉 unless they could show the Kings leave under his own Hand The Duke himself instead of being Invited to Dine with the King as formerly had his Dinner brought him apart in his drawing Room and Guards set to watch him his Chamber-doors being bolted every Night None of the King Ministers being suffered to come near him for some days except the Sieur Winterfield High-Marshal of the Court to whom the Duke having called him to him said That he was a Prince of the Empire there unworthily Treated contrary to his expectation and undeservedly nay contrary to the greatest Protestations and assurances of Friendship and Publick Faith desiring him to acquaint the King therewith that his Majesty might permit him to depart But alas all was in vain it being resolved that the Blow should be followed this Detention being but a Prologue to more mischief For the Duke and his Ministers being now in their Power and a fair opportunity presenting it self to invade the Swedes weakned by their loss at F●●●berlin the Kings Deputies having sent for Buchwaldius Frederick Christian Kielman and Cramer to Court told them that the Case being alter'd they were no more to dispute about giving the greatest part of the Taxes to the King who would now challenge the whole alone and quarter his Army up and down in the Dukes Territories to preserve them from the Enemy and that the Emperors Requisitorial Letters might be obeyed which they would therefore now exhibite to them shewing also by this their ill-will and premeditated Designs against the House of Gottorp Moreover they added that the King had for a long time been jealous of the Dukes designs and inclinations and being to carry his Army out of the Country he thought he ought to take care to leave no Enemies behind him wherein he could not secure himself but by seizing upon the Castle of Gottorp the strong Town of Tonningen and all the Dukes Forces till the change of Affairs might secure him otherwise That it was not sit for the Kings Majesty to exchange the Counties of Oldenbourgh and Delmenhorst for that of Tunderen That these and other things could not be done in haste but required more time than the King could now spare fearing lest some third Party might in the mean while seize those Provinces That the King therefore would put Garrisons into all the Fortified places of the Country and provide all other things necessary for its Defence protesting withal that if any loss should happen by the Dukes delay the Reparation of it would be required from the Author thereof but if the Duke would accept of one hundred and fifty thousand Dollars offered him at Copenhaguen to renounce his Right to them they still hoped his Majesty might be prevailed upon at the Dukes request to pay that mony The Danes having proposed these severe conditions and the Dukes Commissioners having been to consult their Master returned this Answer That as to the Taxes the Duke without prejudice to his Right was forced to yield to the present juncture of time in that Matter That the Requisitorial Letters of the Emperor concerned onely the Dukedom of Holstein not that of Sleswick and they being according to the Constitutions of the Empire and the Pragmatick Sanction could require nothing of him but a safe Passage which his Highness would never deny when ever the King should desire it That the Castle of Gottorp was neither by Art nor Scituation so strong as to be formidable and therefore the King might well permit the Duke to secure the place of his Residence and Habitation with some Souldiers and for an evident proof of his respect the Duke was contented his Majesty should have as strong a Garrison in Tonningen as he himself provided both should take the Oath of Fidelity to each Prince and that the King would oblige himself that upon the change of Affairs all things should be restored again as they were That if the King would dispose solely of all things in these Countries at his Pleasure the Duke must yield to it but hoped his Right should be saved entire That he had never committed nor omitted any thing that might entitle the King to demand reparation of him and for the Proposals of an Exchange they were neither such as imposed a necessity upon his Majesties will nor derogated from it That he would leave the Transactions of Copenhaguen till they were set on Foot again And lastly That he earnestly begged that the King would no longer delay to grant him and his Liberty to go where they would This most reasonable Answer of the Duke proved of no effect the Danes being resolved to pass to the greatest Extremities For the Kings Deputies signified again in Writing That their Master persisted firm in his first offers hoping to provoke the Duke to discover his mind in the same manner But he replyed only as before requesting again That the King would not urge so much the Surrender of his Castles and Forts but consent to some easier Terms than these which the Danes said were only Bagatelles But that King and his Minister were so far from remiting any thing of the Rigour of their Demands that they added Rebukes and Threats For said they the Dukes absolute Power over Sleswick being extorted from the King by force of Arms the Duke had thereby lost

the Fief of it and his being in a League with the King of Sweden an Enemy to the Empire might probably cause him to be dispossest of the Dukedome of Holstein and the King to be invested therein Moreover that the King was fully resolved That neither the Duke nor any of his Ministers should be set at Liberty uniil he had seized all the Dukes strong-holds and that he would even confine his Highn●ss apart from all his Ministers and Servants and proceed to the Execution hereof by force of Arms. For as we have before mentioned they had already Body of Horse and Foot in Sleswick which blocked up the Castle of Gottorp where the Reverend Bishop of Lubeck Brother to the most Serene Duke then was and had also invested Tonningen and Holme and that nothing might retard the Surrender of Tonningen an Order was drawn by the Kings command for the Duke to Sign and send to the Person that commanded for him there The Duke seeing himself betrayed and without any help deprived of his Liberty and fallen into a very dangerous distemper fearing greater Evils might be intended against him and his Ministers which was not obscurely given him to understand suffered at length the Surrender of all his Forts and Forces to be extorted from him and though he only desired from the King that the Castle of Gottorp the place of his Residence might be free from a Garrison he could not obtain it nor so much as that the King would annex to that fatal Surrender a Promise to secure him by Reversal Letters of the Restitution of his Forts and what belonged to them But though this was promised by the Chancellor of the Kingdom in the hearing of the King and his Brother who never contradicted it yet his Majesty refused to oblige himself to it in Writing the Chancellor answering again for his Master that a Kings promise by word of Mouth was more to be valued than any other Security And when the Castle of Tonningen with all his Magazins and Ammunition was shortly after delivered up to Charles Arenstorf for the King he added these words to the foot of the Inventory which was signed by him That all things should be restored fully and faithfully according to the Kings Promise The Danes being Masters of the Castles of Gottorp and all the other Forts the Duke was carried to Gottorp on the 6. of J●ly from one Prison to another For the Danes had not only seized the Passages Gates and Fortifications of that place but ordered a Company to watch night and day near his Highnesses Chamber to let him know that he was still their Prisoner The Prince being thus in their Power the Princess his Wife whom he had not been able by all his kind Letters to get out of Copenhaguen where her Mother had invited her before all these Troubles and kept her was at last restored to him perhaps for fear lest she might prevail upon the King her Brothers mind and avert those great Violences designed against her Husband and Children VVho would not have thought the King fully satisfied with this but it proved otherwise For the Earl of Alefield Governor of Holstein having sent for the President Kielmannus dictated to h●m eight Articles of great Importance and bid him acquaint the Duke with them by Buc●wald the Vice-President Kielman and Cramer and get him to declare his opinion about them detaining the said President Kielman still at Rendsbourgh This being done and they returned to Rendsbourgh did according to their Instructions declare his Highnesses mind upon every Head delivering also his Letters to the King and the Chancellor and intreating them to have some regard at least to Justice and Equity But all was in vain for the Chancellor and the Governor having sent for the Dukes Deputies and read to them these Eight Articles of their own Penning demanded with great Threats that the Duke should sign them without any Alteration or Limitation adding that if the Duke refused to obey the Kings will both Dukedomes and all belonging to them being now in the hands of his Majesty he could easily force a disarmed and forsaken Prince to do what his Majesty had a mind to and then it would be too late to Repent The Duke sensible of this new Violence and of his being kept a Prisoner by the Danes in his own Castle and House yielded at last to Force and with great reluctancy subscribed to these severe conditions as thinking it in vain to hope for any more reasonable and with his Brother the Bishop of Lubeck renounced their Supreme and Independent Right over the Dukedome of Sleswick which was extorted from them by meer Violence and Necessity At last the Duke being impatient to be kept always a Prisoner in his own House and to be forced every day to consent to what the Danes would exact and being informed that the City of Sleswick though unfortified was yet full of Danish Souldiers begun to be more jealous of the designs of the Danes and seared either yet a closer Imprisonment or to be conveyed God knows where The most Serene Queen Dowager of Denmark was now come to Augustberg and had sent for her Daughter the Dukes Wife who had acquainted the Duke her Husband with her intended Journey in obedience to her Mother praying him to accompany her But the Duke remembring that when the King went to Holstein just before these troubles the Dutchess his Wife had been sent for to Copenhaguen upon which all these mischiefs had befallen the House of Gottorp apprehended new Evils to him and his from this second Journey and thought of his escape Therefore to lay hold on the occasion his Highness caused some Horses to be made ready took a few of his Servants with him commanded that his Dogs should follow pretending his intention was to accompany his Dutchess part of the way and then recreate himself with Hunting but having gone a few hours with her taking his leave of her he rid away as fast as his Horse could carry him to Kilonium Being there as he was resolving to leave his tired Horses and prosecute his Journey in a common Coach word was brought him that the Danish Troopers were riding not only about Sleswick but every-where as far as Hambourgh and guarded all the ways not staying therefore to Dine he was scarce gone out of Town but he was met with two Danish Troopers who taking hold of the Reins of the Horses to stop the Coach the Duke telling them he was a certain Nobleman escaped to Eutin where he heard that both the Kielmans were carried away Prisoners to Copenhaguen From Eutin he came to Hambourgh indeed but as a Banisht Person and one forc'd to leave his Country and Subjects exposed to the will and pleasure of the Danes For the King afterwards contrary to the Engagement the 11. of March 1676. demolisht the strong Town of To 〈…〉 ngen and the Castle of Holme to the ground the Drums beating and the