to_o the_o place_n of_o danger_n as_o may_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o importance_n thereof_o for_o my_o meaning_n be_v not_o to_o lodge_v they_o close_o together_o but_o to_o stretch_v they_o out_o along_o the_o coast_n by_o regiment_n and_o company_n as_o the_o country_n may_v afford_v best_a opportunity_n to_o entertain_v they_o now_o concern_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o objection_n which_o urge_v the_o uncertainty_n of_o time_n when_o the_o enemy_n shall_v make_v his_o approach_n i_o hold_v it_o most_o requisite_a that_o our_o defensive_a force_n shall_v be_v draw_v into_o a_o head_n before_o the_o enemy_n shall_v be_v discover_v near_o our_o coast_n ready_a to_o put_v himself_o on_o shore_n for_o it_o be_v a_o gross_a absurdity_n to_o imagine_v that_o company_n can_v upon_o such_o a_o sudden_a be_v assemble_v without_o confusion_n and_o make_v so_o long_a a_o march_n with_o such_o expedition_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o occasion_n will_v require_v now_o for_o that_o husband_n respect_n of_o her_o majesty_n coffer_n which_o be_v urge_v to_o such_o extremity_n as_o it_o will_v be_v unsupportable_a for_o this_o state_n to_o bear_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o good_a intelligence_n will_v much_o qualify_v that_o suppose_a immoderate_a expense_n so_o i_o assure_v myself_o that_o man_n of_o sound_a judgement_n will_v deem_v it_o much_o out_o of_o season_n to_o dispute_v about_o unnecessary_a thrift_n when_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v bring_v in_o question_n of_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o a_o stranger_n ut_fw-la iugulent_fw-la homines_fw-la surgunt_fw-la de_fw-la nocte_fw-la latrones_fw-la non_fw-la expergesceris_fw-la ut_fw-la te_fw-la ipsum_fw-la serve_v the_o enemy_n peradventure_o have_v keep_v 30000._o man_n in_o pay_n 2._o month_n before_o to_o make_v havoc_n of_o our_o country_n and_o to_o bring_v we_o into_o perpetual_a thraldom_n shall_v we_o think_v it_o much_o to_o maintain_v sufficient_a force_n upon_o our_o coast_n to_o assure_v ourselves_o that_o no_o such_o enemy_n shall_v enter_v into_o our_o country_n the_o extremity_n of_o this_o charge_n will_v be_v qualify_v by_o our_o good_a espial_n which_o will_v proportion_v our_o attendance_n with_o the_o necessity_n which_o be_v impose_v upon_o we_o to_o be_v careful_a in_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n let_v this_o suffice_v therefore_o to_o prove_v that_o our_o force_n be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v the_o sea_n cost_v and_o that_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o time_n when_o the_o enemy_n will_v make_v his_o attempt_n ought_v not_o to_o hinder_v we_o from_o perform_v that_o duty_n which_o the_o care_n and_o respect_n of_o our_o prince_n and_o country_n impose_v upon_o every_o good_a subject_n which_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o first_o reason_n which_o i_o set_v down_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n now_o concern_v the_o second_o reason_n which_o urge_v the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n reason_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n artillery_n true_a it_o be_v that_o such_o place_n as_o yield_v the_o enemy_n commodity_n of_o land_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o open_a and_o afford_v natural_o no_o covert_n at_o all_o what_o then_o shall_v a_o soldier_n take_v every_o place_n as_o he_o find_v it_o and_o use_v no_o art_n to_o qualify_v the_o disadvantage_n thereof_o or_o shall_v a_o man_n forgo_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v relieve_v with_o industry_n the_o discommodity_n of_o some_o particular_a circumstance_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o a_o ingenious_a commander_n be_v in_o seasonable_a time_n lodge_v with_o convenient_a force_n upon_o any_o of_o those_o place_n yea_o upon_o the_o beach_n itself_o which_o be_v unapt_a to_o make_v defensible_a as_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o will_v use_v such_o industry_n as_o may_v give_v sufficient_a security_n to_o his_o force_n and_o overwaie_o the_o enemy_n with_o advantage_n of_o place_n especial_o consider_v that_o this_o age_n have_v afford_v such_o plentiful_a example_n of_o admirable_a invention_n in_o that_o behalf_n but_o this_o can_v be_v do_v if_o our_o force_n do_v not_o make_v head_n before_o the_o instant_n of_o the_o enemy_n attempt_n that_o our_o commander_n may_v have_v some_o time_n to_o make_v ready_a store_n of_o gabion_n handbasket_n with_o such_o movable_a matter_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a for_o that_o service_n neither_o let_v this_o trouble_v any_o man_n for_o i_o dare_v avouch_v it_o that_o if_o our_o force_n be_v not_o draw_v into_o a_o head_n before_o the_o enemy_n be_v discover_v upon_o the_o coast_n although_o we_o never_o mean_v to_o oppose_v their_o land_n but_o attend_v they_o in_o some_o inland_n place_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n our_o commander_n will_v be_v far_o to_o seek_v of_o many_o important_a circumstance_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o a_o matter_n of_o that_o consequence_n and_o therefore_o let_v we_o have_v but_o a_o reasonable_a time_n to_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o these_o necessary_n and_o we_o will_v easy_o overcome_v all_o these_o difficulty_n and_o use_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n to_o repel_v a_o enemy_n weaken_v with_o the_o sea_n toss_v with_o the_o billow_n trouble_v with_o his_o weapon_n with_o many_o other_o hindrance_n and_o discouragemente_n which_o be_v present_v unto_o he_o both_o from_o the_o land_n and_o the_o sea_n he_o that_o see_v the_o land_n of_o our_o force_n in_o the_o island_n of_o fiall_n in_o the_o year_n 97._o can_v somewhat_o judge_v of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o that_o matter_n for_o what_o with_o the_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o steepnesse_n of_o the_o cliff_n the_o troublesomeness_n of_o their_o arm_n the_o soldier_n be_v so_o encumber_v that_o have_v not_o the_o enemy_n be_v more_o than_o a_o coward_n he_o may_v well_o with_o 200._o man_n have_v keep_v we_o from_o enter_v any_o part_n of_o that_o island_n concern_v the_o third_o objection_n reason_n this_o brief_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a that_o we_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o regard_v that_o our_o force_n do_v equal_a they_o in_o number_n as_o to_o see_v that_o they_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n to_o make_v it_o good_a against_o the_o enemy_n land_v for_o we_o know_v that_o in_o place_n of_o advantage_n and_o difficult_a access_n a_o small_a number_n be_v able_a to_o oppose_v a_o great_a and_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o circumstance_n du_o consider_v we_o shall_v proportionable_o equal_v the_o enemy_n both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n of_o their_o force_n always_o presuppose_v that_o our_o state_n shall_v never_o be_v destitute_a of_o sufficient_a force_n train_v and_o exercise_v in_o a_o competent_a manner_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n from_o foreign_a enemy_n for_o the_o neglect_n thereof_o be_v to_o draw_v on_o such_o as_o of_o themselves_o be_v but_o too_o forward_o to_o make_v a_o prey_n of_o we_o and_o to_o make_v we_o unapt_a not_o only_o to_o oppose_v a_o enemy_n land_v but_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o from_o be_v overrun_v as_o other_o nation_n live_v in_o security_n without_o due_a regard_n thereof_o have_v be_v and_o this_o much_o concern_v the_o answer_n to_o those_o three_o reason_n which_o seem_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v at_o his_o land_n now_o if_o we_o do_v but_o look_v a_o little_a into_o the_o discommodity_n which_o follow_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o a_o enemy_n we_o shall_v easy_o discover_v the_o dangerousnesse_n of_o this_o opinion_n as_o first_o we_o give_v he_o leave_v to_o live_v upon_o the_o spoil_n of_o our_o country_n which_o can_v be_v prevent_v by_o any_o waste_n spoil_v or_o retire_v of_o our_o provision_n in_o so_o plentiful_a a_o country_n as_o this_o be_v especial_o consider_v that_o we_o have_v no_o strong_a town_n at_o all_o to_o repose_v ourselves_o upon_o whereof_o we_o need_v no_o further_a testimony_n then_o be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o out_o of_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o these_o commentary_n in_o that_o war_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o vercingetorix_n second_o obedience_n which_o at_o other_o time_n be_v willing_o give_v to_o prince_n be_v great_o weaken_v at_o such_o time_n whereby_o all_o necessary_a mean_n to_o maintain_v a_o war_n be_v hardly_o draw_v from_o the_o subject_n three_o opportunity_n be_v give_v to_o malcontent_n and_o ill_n dispose_v person_n either_o to_o make_v head_n themselves_o or_o to_o fly_v to_o the_o enemy_n four_o the_o madness_n to_o adventure_v a_o kingdom_n upon_o one_o stroke_n have_v it_o in_o our_o disposition_n to_o do_v otherwise_o with_o many_o other_o disadvantage_n which_o the_o opportunity_n of_o any_o such_o occasion_n will_v discover_v the_o second_o observation_n the_o word_n imperator_n imperator_n which_o the_o eagle-bearer_n attribute_v to_o caesar_n be_v the_o great_a title_n that_o can_v be_v give_v to_o a_o roman_a leader_n
somewhat_o incline_v to_o the_o partiality_n of_o a_o strong_a affection_n so_o powerful_a be_v passion_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o so_o interest_v in_o the_o other_o faculty_n and_o this_o be_v one_o cause_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o man_n judgement_n from_o whence_o all_o contrary_a and_o different_a opinion_n do_v arise_v neither_o be_v this_o so_o strange_a a_o matter_n that_o a_o council_n of_o war_n shall_v so_o much_o vary_v in_o case_n of_o deliberation_n when_o as_o many_o especial_a point_n of_o military_a discipline_n remain_v yet_o undecided_a have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o great_a commander_n of_o all_o age_n to_o ratify_v the_o truth_n on_o either_o part_n whereof_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o example_n but_o concern_v the_o issue_n and_o event_n of_o our_o deliberation_n what_o can_v be_v more_o true_o say_v then_o that_o of_o the_o poet_n et_fw-la malè_fw-la consultis_fw-la pretium_fw-la est_fw-la prudentia_fw-la fallax_fw-la nec_fw-la fortuna_fw-la probat_fw-la causas_fw-la sequiturque_fw-la merentes_fw-la sed_fw-la vaga_fw-la per_fw-la cunctos_fw-la nullo_fw-la discrimine_fw-la fertur_fw-la scilicet_fw-la est_fw-la aliuà _fw-la quod_fw-la nos_fw-la cogatque_fw-la regatque_fw-la maius_n &_o in_o proprias_fw-la ducat_n mortalia_fw-la leges_fw-la notwithstanding_o forasmuch_o as_o our_o wisdom_n be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o fortune_n but_o that_o it_o may_v comprehend_v within_o itself_o the_o good_a direction_n of_o most_o of_o the_o occurrence_n which_o fall_v within_o the_o course_n of_o our_o business_n or_o if_o we_o must_v needs_o miscarry_v yet_o it_o somewhat_o help_v our_o ill_a fortune_n to_o think_v that_o we_o go_v upon_o best_a probability_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o set_v down_o some_o rule_n for_o the_o better_a direct_v of_o a_o mature_a consultation_n wherein_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o as_o all_o our_o knowledge_n arise_v from_o some_o of_o our_o sense_n and_o our_o sense_n comprehend_v only_a particularity_n which_o be_v carry_v unto_o the_o apprehension_n be_v dispose_v into_o form_n and_o degree_n according_a as_o they_o either_o concur_v or_o disagree_v in_o their_o several_a property_n from_o whence_o there_o arise_v intellectual_a notion_n and_o rule_n of_o art_n wherein_o the_o science_n of_o the_o say_a particular_n consist_v so_o he_o that_o intend_v to_o debate_v a_o matter_n with_o sound_a deliberation_n must_v descend_v from_o confuse_a conception_n and_o a_o knowledge_n in_o general_a to_o the_o exact_a distinction_n of_o particular_a part_n which_o be_v the_o occurrence_n to_o be_v direct_v and_o the_o material_a substance_n of_o every_o action_n he_o therefore_o that_o can_v give_v best_a direction_n either_o by_o experience_n or_o judicious_a discourse_n concern_v such_o particularity_n as_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o matter_n propound_v can_v best_o advise_v which_o be_v the_o safe_a way_n to_o avoid_v the_o opposition_n of_o contradict_a nature_n but_o to_o make_v this_o somewhat_o plain_o i_o will_v allege_v 2._o example_n the_o one_o modern_a in_o case_n of_o consultation_n the_o other_o ancient_a and_o may_v seem_v not_o so_o pertinent_a to_o this_o matter_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a apology_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o free_o censure_v the_o quality_n of_o particular_a circumstance_n it_o may_v give_v great_a light_n to_o that_o which_o we_o seek_v after_o the_o modern_a example_n be_v take_v out_o of_o guicherdin_n 9_o from_o the_o war_n which_o lewis_n the_o french_a king_n have_v with_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o venetian_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o ferrara_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n wherein_o there_o arise_v a_o controversy_n among_o the_o french_a captain_n whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o go_v direct_o to_o seek_v the_o enemy_n who_o albeit_o be_v lodge_v in_o a_o strong_a and_o secure_a place_n yet_o there_o be_v hope_n that_o with_o the_o virtue_n of_o arm_n and_o importunity_n of_o artillery_n they_o may_v be_v dislodge_v and_o drive_v to_o a_o retreit_n or_o otherwise_o to_o take_v the_o way_n either_o of_o modina_n or_o bolognia_n that_o so_o the_o enemy_n for_o fear_n of_o lose_v either_o of_o those_o town_n may_v quit_v their_o hold_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v ferrara_n shall_v be_v free_v from_o the_o war_n mounseur_fw-fr chaumont_n the_o general_n of_o the_o french_a incline_v to_o the_o former_a advice_n but_o triwlce_fw-la a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n and_o experience_n have_v be_v a_o executioner_n in_o 18._o battle_n reason_v thus_o in_o particular_n to_o the_o contrary_n we_o debate_v say_v he_o to_o go_v seek_v the_o enemy_n to_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o i_o have_v always_o hear_v great_a captain_n hold_v this_o as_o a_o firm_a principle_n not_o to_o attempt_v the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n unless_o there_o be_v either_o a_o offer_n of_o a_o especial_a advantage_n or_o otherwise_o compulsion_n by_o necessity_n the_o rule_n of_o war_n give_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n that_o be_v the_o invader_n and_o have_v undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o ferrar_n to_o seek_v to_o assail_v and_o charge_v we_o but_o to_o we_o to_o who_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v ourselves_o it_o can_v be_v but_o impertinent_a to_o undertake_v a_o action_n contrary_a to_o all_o direction_n and_o discipline_n of_o war_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o evident_a reason_n that_o there_o be_v no_o possibility_n to_o execute_v that_o devise_n but_o to_o our_o harm_n and_o disadvantage_n for_o we_o can_v go_v to_o their_o camp_n but_o by_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n a_o straight_a and_o narrow_a way_n where_o all_o our_o force_n can_v be_v employ_v and_o yet_o they_o with_o small_a number_n will_v make_v resistance_n have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n favourable_a to_o their_o virtue_n we_o must_v march_v by_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o hill_n one_o horse_n after_o another_o neither_o have_v we_o any_o other_o way_n to_o draw_v our_o artillery_n our_o baggage_n our_o cart_n and_o bridge_n but_o by_o the_o straight_a of_o the_o hill_n and_o who_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o a_o way_n so_o narrow_a and_o cumbrous_a every_o artillery_n every_o cart_n or_o every_o wheel_n that_o shall_v break_v will_v not_o stay_v the_o army_n a_o whole_a hour_n at_o the_o least_o by_o which_o impediment_n every_o contrary_a accident_n may_v put_v we_o to_o disorder_v the_o enemy_n be_v lodge_v in_o covert_n provide_v of_o victual_n and_o forage_v and_o we_o must_v encamp_v all_o bare_a and_o naked_a not_o carry_v with_o we_o that_o which_o shall_v serve_v for_o our_o necessary_a nouriture_n but_o expect_v the_o thing_n to_o come_v after_o which_o in_o reason_n ought_v to_o go_v with_o us._n to_o attempt_v new_a enterprise_n whereof_o the_o victory_n be_v less_o certain_a than_o the_o peril_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o gravity_n and_o reputation_n of_o a_o leader_n and_o in_o action_n of_o the_o war_n those_o enterprise_n be_v put_v to_o adventure_v that_o be_v do_v by_o will_n and_o not_o by_o reason_n many_o difficulty_n may_v compel_v we_o to_o make_v our_o abode_n there_o two_o or_o three_o day_n yea_o the_o snow_n and_o rain_v join_v with_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o season_n may_v suffice_v to_o detain_v we_o how_o shall_v we_o then_o do_v for_o victual_n and_o forage_v what_o shall_v we_o be_v able_a to_o do_v in_o the_o war_n want_v the_o thing_n that_o shall_v give_v we_o strength_n and_o sustenance_n what_o be_v he_o that_o consider_v not_o how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o go_v seek_v the_o enemy_n in_o a_o strong_a camp_n and_o to_o be_v drive_v at_o one_o time_n to_o fight_v against_o they_o and_o against_o the_o discommodity_n of_o the_o place_n if_o we_o compel_v they_o not_o to_o abandon_v their_o camp_n we_o can_v but_o be_v enforce_v to_o retire_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n in_o a_o country_n so_o whole_o against_o we_o and_o where_o every_o little_a disfavour_v will_v turn_v to_o our_o great_a disadvantage_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o proceed_v that_o grave_a discourse_n in_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o particular_a occurrence_n incident_a to_o that_o enterprise_n which_o be_v lay_v open_a to_o their_o confuse_a judgment_n do_v manifest_o point_v at_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n which_o be_v to_o be_v undergo_v by_o that_o attempt_n the_o other_o example_n be_v of_o more_o antiquity_n 6._o take_v out_o of_o tacitus_n and_o concern_v the_o arraignment_n of_o certain_a senator_n for_o the_o friendship_n that_o have_v pass_v between_o scianus_n and_o they_o among_o who_o m._n terentius_n thus_o answer_v for_o himself_o according_a as_o it_o have_v of_o late_o be_v publish_v by_o translation_n it_o will_v be_v peradventure_o less_o behooveful_a for_o my_o estate_n to_o acknowledge_v then_o to_o deny_v the_o crime_n i_o be_o charge_v with_o but_o hap_n what_o hap_n may_v i_o will_v confess_v that_o i_o have_v be_v sejanus_n friend_n and_o that_o i_o
their_o province_n and_o the_o next_o confederate_a state_n furnish_v their_o army_n continual_o with_o corn_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o place_n that_o for_o provision_n of_o grain_n he_o depend_v altogether_o upon_o the_o hedui_n and_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o enemy_n country_n in_o the_o time_n of_o harvest_n the_o soldier_n go_v out_o to_o reap_v and_o gather_v corn_n and_o deliver_v it_o thresh_v and_o cleanse_v to_o the_o treasurer_n that_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v until_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n but_o to_o leave_v this_o frugal_a and_o provident_a manner_n of_o provision_n as_o unpossible_a to_o be_v imitate_v by_o this_o age_n let_v we_o return_v to_o our_o history_n and_o see_v how_o the_o helvetian_n be_v lead_v by_o a_o probable_a error_n to_o their_o last_o overthrow_n chap._n vii_o the_o helvetian_n follow_v after_o caesar_n and_o overtake_v the_o rearward_n he_o imbattail_v his_o legion_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o give_v order_n for_o the_o battle_n the_o helvetian_n caesar_n understand_v of_o the_o roman_n departure_n by_o fugitive_n that_o come_v unto_o they_o be_v full_o persuade_v that_o fear_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o their_o retreat_n for_o the_o day_n before_o have_v the_o upper_a ground_n they_o dare_v not_o use_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o same_o and_o hope_v withal_o to_o intercept_v they_o from_o victual_n they_o follow_v after_o they_o with_o what_o speed_n they_o can_v &_o as_o they_o overtake_v they_o they_o charge_v upon_o the_o rearward_n which_o when_o caesar_n perceive_v he_o send_v his_o horseman_n to_o sustain_v the_o assault_n &_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o draw_v his_o force_n unto_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o in_o the_o side_n thereof_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o hill_n he_o make_v a_o triple_a battle_n of_o four_o old_a legion_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n he_o place_v two_o new_a legion_n which_o he_o have_v last_o enrol_v in_o italy_n with_o the_o associate_n force_n and_o to_o these_o he_o commend_v the_o baggage_n and_o impediment_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o fill_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hill_n with_o light_a arm_a man_n the_o helvetian_n on_o the_o other_o side_n convey_v their_o carriage_n and_o impediment_n into_o one_o place_n and_o have_v beat_v back_o caesar_n horseman_n with_o a_o thick_a throng_a batallion_n they_o put_v themselves_o into_o a_o phalanx_n and_o so_o press_v under_o the_o first_o battle_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o this_o triple_a battle_n which_o caesar_n make_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n i_o understand_v it_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o roman_n imbattail_v who_o in_o the_o infancy_n of_o their_o military_a discipline_n divide_v their_o army_n into_o three_o sort_n of_o soldier_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarij_fw-la for_o i_o omit_v the_o velite_n as_o no_o part_n of_o their_o stand_a battle_n and_o of_o these_o they_o make_v three_o several_a battle_n from_o front_n to_o back_n in_o the_o first_o battle_n be_v the_o hastati_fw-la and_o they_o possess_v the_o whole_a front_n of_o the_o army_n and_o be_v call_v acies_fw-la prima_fw-la acies_fw-la behind_o these_o in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n stand_v the_o principes_fw-la in_o like_a sort_n and_o order_n dispose_v and_o be_v call_v acies_fw-la secunda_fw-la and_o last_o in_o a_o like_o correspondent_a distance_n be_v the_o triarij_fw-la imbattel_v and_o make_v aciem_fw-la tertiam_fw-la their_o legion_n consist_v of_o ten_o company_n which_o they_o call_v cohorte_n and_o every_o cohort_n consist_v of_o three_o small_a company_n which_o they_o name_v manipuli_fw-la a_o maniple_a of_o the_o hastati_fw-la a_o maniple_a of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o a_o other_o of_o the_o triarij_fw-la as_o i_o will_v more_o particular_o set_v down_o in_o the_o second_o book_n and_o as_o these_o three_o kind_n of_o soldier_n be_v separate_v by_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o front_n to_o back_n so_o be_v every_o battle_n divide_v into_o his_o maniple_n and_o these_o be_v divide_v by_o little_a ally_n and_o way_n one_o from_o a_o other_o which_o be_v use_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o hastati_fw-la be_v in_o front_n do_v ever_o begin_v the_o battle_n and_o if_o they_o find_v themselves_o too_o weak_a to_o repel_v the_o enemy_n or_o be_v happy_o force_v to_o a_o retreat_n they_o draw_v themselves_o through_o these_o ally_n or_o distance_n which_o be_v in_o the_o second_o battle_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la into_o the_o space_n which_o be_v between_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarij_fw-la and_o there_o they_o rest_v themselves_o while_o the_o prince_n take_v their_o place_n and_o charge_v the_o enemy_n or_o otherwise_o if_o the_o commander_n find_v it_o needful_a they_o fill_v up_o those_o distance_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o so_o unite_v with_o they_o into_o one_o body_n they_o charge_v the_o enemy_n all_o in_o gross_a and_o than_o if_o they_o prevail_v not_o they_o retire_v into_o the_o space_n between_o the_o triarij_fw-la and_o so_o they_o give_v the_o last_o assault_n all_o the_o three_o body_n be_v join_v all_o into_o one_o now_o if_o we_o examine_v by_o the_o current_n of_o the_o history_n whether_o caesar_n observe_v the_o same_o order_n and_o division_n in_o his_o war_n we_o shall_v find_v little_a or_o no_o alteration_n at_o all_o for_o first_o this_o triplex_fw-la acies_fw-la here_o mention_v be_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o the_o division_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarij_fw-la according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n and_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v dream_v of_o that_o ordinary_a division_n which_o be_v likewise_o threefold_a the_o two_o cornet_n and_o the_o battle_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n he_o may_v say_v to_o have_v make_v triplicem_fw-la aciem_fw-la let_v he_o understand_v that_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o division_n have_v no_o coherence_n with_o that_o division_n for_o in_o that_o he_o say_v of_o the_o helvetian_n successerunt_fw-la aciem_fw-la primam_fw-la press_v near_o the_o first_o battle_n or_o vanguard_n he_o make_v it_o clear_a that_o the_o army_n be_v divide_v into_o a_o triple_a battle_n from_o front_n to_o back_n for_o otherwise_o he_o will_v have_v say_v successerint_fw-la dextrum_fw-la aut_fw-la sinistrum_fw-la cornu_fw-la aut_fw-la mediam_fw-la aciem_fw-la for_o so_o be_v the_o part_n of_o that_o division_n term_v again_o in_o the_o retreat_n which_o the_o helvetian_n make_v to_o the_o hill_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n follow_v close_o upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o three_o oppose_v itself_o against_o the_o boij_n and_o tulingi_n and_o stand_v ready_a at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n to_o charge_v the_o legion_n in_o the_o flank_n and_o on_o the_o back_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o no_o other_o division_n can_v so_o fit_o be_v apply_v to_o this_o circumstance_n as_o that_o from_o front_n to_o back_n but_o that_o place_n in_o the_o first_o of_o the_o civil_a war_n take_v away_o all_o scruple_n of_o controversy_n where_o he_o use_v the_o very_a same_o term_n of_o prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la and_o tertia_fw-la acies_fw-la for_o be_v to_o encamp_v himself_o near_o unto_o afranius_n and_o fear_v lest_o his_o soldier_n shall_v be_v interrupt_v in_o their_o work_n he_o cause_v the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n to_o stand_v in_o arm_n and_o keep_v their_o distance_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v shroud_v and_o cover_v the_o three_o battle_n which_o be_v employ_v in_o make_v a_o ditch_n behind_o they_o from_o the_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o imbattail_v caesar_n observe_v in_o most_o of_o his_o fight_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o use_v the_o very_a same_o order_n and_o discipline_n for_o imbattail_v as_o be_v institute_v by_o the_o old_a roman_n concern_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarij_fw-la which_o ramus_n in_o his_o militia_n julij_fw-la caesaris_fw-la urge_v to_o be_v omit_v throughout_o the_o whole_a history_n i_o grant_v they_o be_v seldom_o use_v in_o these_o commentary_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o their_o first_o institution_n for_o the_o hastati_fw-la when_o the_o discipline_n be_v first_o erect_v be_v the_o young_a and_o poor_a of_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n the_o principes_fw-la be_v the_o lusty_a and_o able_a body_a man_n and_o the_o triarij_fw-la the_o elder_a and_o best_a experience_v but_o in_o caesar_n camp_n there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n either_o of_o valour_n or_o year_n between_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la or_o triarij_fw-la which_o he_o name_v prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la and_o tertia_fw-la acies_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v never_o term_v by_o those_o name_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o difference_n notwithstanding_o in_o regard_n of_o order_n and_o degree_n of_o discipline_n that_o
to_o a_o faithful_a and_o serious_a execution_n of_o such_o a_o action_n to_o prepare_v the_o mind_n of_o their_o man_n with_o word_n of_o encouragement_n and_o to_o take_v away_o all_o scruple_n out_o of_o their_o conceit_n either_o of_o the_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o disadvantage_n against_o the_o enemy_n for_o if_o at_o any_o time_n that_o say_v be_v true_a that_o oratio_fw-la plus_fw-la potest_fw-la quam_fw-la pecunia_fw-la it_o be_v here_o more_o powerful_a and_o of_o great_a effect_n for_o a_o donative_n or_o liberanca_fw-la can_v but_o procure_v a_o mercenary_a endeavour_n ever_o yield_v to_o a_o better_a offer_n and_o do_v oftentimes_o breed_v a_o suspicion_n of_o wrong_n even_o among_o those_o that_o be_v willing_o enrich_v with_o they_o and_o so_o make_v they_o flacke_a to_o discharge_v their_o service_n with_o loyalty_n yea_o oftentimes_o of_o friend_n to_o become_v enemy_n but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o speech_n disclose_v the_o secret_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o discover_v the_o intent_n and_o drift_n of_o every_o action_n a_o few_o good_a word_n lay_v open_o the_o injury_n which_o be_v offer_v to_o innocence_n how_o equity_n be_v control_v with_o wrong_n and_o justice_n control_v by_o iniquity_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o a_o commander_n approve_v his_o cause_n and_o settle_v a_o opinion_n of_o right_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o his_o soldier_n as_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v that_o seem_v probable_a which_o so_o many_o offer_n to_o defend_v with_o their_o blood_n when_o indeed_o every_o man_n rely_v upon_o another_o knowledge_n and_o respect_v nothing_o less_o the_o right_n a_o few_o good_a word_n i_o say_v will_v so_o stir_v up_o their_o mind_n in_o the_o feruentnes_n of_o the_o cause_n that_o every_o man_n will_v take_v himself_o particular_o engage_v in_o the_o action_n by_o the_o title_n of_o equity_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o jump_v with_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o condition_n for_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o do_v well_o when_o welldoing_a agree_v with_o that_o they_o will_v do_v otherwise_o the_o act_n may_v former_o be_v effect_v but_o the_o mind_n never_o approve_v it_o by_o assent_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o exhortation_n or_o speech_n of_o encouragement_n be_v never_o omit_v by_o caesar_n in_o any_o conflict_n mention_v in_o this_o history_n but_o he_o still_o use_v it_o as_o a_o necessary_a instrument_n to_o set_v virtue_n on_o foot_n and_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o stir_v up_o alacrity_n or_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o his_o man_n be_v at_o any_o time_n discourage_v by_o disaster_n or_o cross_a accident_n gallico_n as_o they_o be_v at_o gergobia_n and_o at_o the_o two_o overthrow_n he_o have_v at_o dirrachium_n he_o never_o will_v adventure_v to_o give_v battle_n until_o he_o have_v encourage_v they_o again_o and_o confirm_v their_o mind_n in_o valour_n and_o resolution_n but_o this_o age_n have_v put_v on_o so_o scornful_a a_o humour_n that_o it_o can_v hear_v a_o speech_n in_o this_o key_n sound_v it_o never_o so_o grave_o without_o scoff_v and_o derision_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n discontinuance_n of_o so_o necessary_a a_o part_n have_v breed_v at_o length_n such_o a_o inutilem_fw-la pudorem_fw-la in_o our_o chief_a commander_n that_o they_o have_v rather_o loose_v the_o gain_n of_o a_o great_a advantage_n then_o buy_v it_o with_o word_n to_o be_v deliver_v in_o public_a the_o second_o observation_n in_o this_o chapter_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n describe_v which_o be_v a_o heavy_a deadly_a weapon_n can_v hardly_o be_v frustrate_v with_o any_o resistance_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n be_v very_o proper_a and_o effectual_a against_o a_o phalanx_n or_o any_o other_o thick_a and_o close_a battle_n or_o wheresoeever_n else_o the_o stroke_n be_v certain_a or_o can_v hardly_o deceive_v the_o aim_n of_o the_o caster_n for_o in_o such_o encounter_v it_o so_o gall_a the_o enemy_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o keep_v their_o order_n nor_o answer_v the_o assault_n with_o a_o resist_a counterbuff_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o only_a remedy_n against_o the_o pile_n be_v to_o make_v the_o rank_n thin_a allow_v to_o every_o soldier_n a_o large_a podisme_n or_o place_n to_o stand_v in_o that_o so_o the_o stroke_n may_v of_o itself_o fall_v without_o hurt_n or_o by_o foresight_n be_v prevent_v as_o it_o shall_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o note_v as_o the_o place_n shall_v offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o pile_n which_o be_v so_o often_o mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n polybius_n describe_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n a_o pile_n say_v he_o be_v a_o cast_a weapon_n the_o staff_n whereof_o be_v almost_o 3_o cubit_n long_o and_o it_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la a_o hand_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n the_o staff_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n equal_a in_o length_n to_o the_o staff_n itself_o but_o in_o that_o sort_n that_o half_o the_o head_n be_v fasten_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o staff_n with_o plate_n of_o iron_n like_o the_o head_n of_o a_o halberd_n and_o the_o other_o half_o stick_v out_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o staff_n like_o a_o pike_n contain_v a_o finger_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n and_o so_o decrease_v less_o and_o less_o unto_o the_o point_n which_o be_v barb_a this_o head_n be_v so_o slender_a towards_o the_o point_n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o staff_n will_v bend_v it_o as_o it_o stick_v as_o appear_v in_o this_o battle_n of_o the_o helvetian_n this_o weapon_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v call_v pilum_fw-la as_o varro_n note_v of_o pilum_fw-la a_o pestle_n quod_fw-la host_n feriret_fw-la ut_fw-la pilum_fw-la romana_fw-la lipsius_n find_v that_o palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la be_v too_o great_a a_o thickness_n to_o be_v manage_v by_o any_o man_n hand_n interprete_v it_o to_o be_v four_o inch_n in_o circuit_n if_o the_o staff_n be_v either_o round_a or_o square_n for_o they_o have_v of_o both_o sort_n and_o so_o he_o make_v it_o very_o manageable_a but_o nothing_o answerable_a to_o the_o description_n give_v by_o polybius_n either_o in_o form_n or_o weight_n patricius_n in_o his_o paralleli_fw-la make_v the_o staff_n to_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la in_o the_o butt_n end_n 5._o but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o staff_n he_o make_v to_o decrease_v taper_n wise_a unto_o the_o head_n of_o iron_n where_o it_o have_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n and_o so_o it_o answer_v both_o in_o form_n and_o weight_n to_o a_o pestle_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o polybius_n patricius_n in_o that_o place_n set_v down_o four_o discommodity_n of_o the_o pile_n first_o a_o furious_a and_o hot_a spirit_a enemy_n will_v easy_o prevent_v the_o dart_a of_o the_o pile_n with_o a_o nimble_a and_o speedy_a close_o and_o so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o ariovistus_fw-la the_o german_n come_v so_o violent_o upon_o they_o that_o the_o soldier_n cast_v away_o their_o pile_n and_o betake_v they_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o likewise_o in_o that_o worthy_a battle_n between_o catiline_n and_o marcus_n petreius_n sallust_n they_o cast_v away_o their_o pile_n on_o either_o part_n the_o second_o discommodity_n be_v that_o the_o pile_n be_v so_o heavy_a can_v not_o be_v cast_v any_o distance_n but_o be_v only_o serviceable_a at_o hand_n three_o they_o can_v not_o be_v cast_v with_o any_o aim_n or_o as_o they_o say_v point_n blank_a and_o last_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o ground_n backward_o when_o they_o throw_v they_o which_o may_v easy_o disorder_v their_o troop_n if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o well_o experience_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o last_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v in_o this_o speciality_n be_v that_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n have_v no_o other_o offensive_a weapon_n but_o one_o pile_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o their_o sword_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o their_o victory_n come_v by_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n for_o they_o come_v always_o so_o near_o before_o they_o cast_v their_o pile_n that_o they_o leave_v themselves_o no_o more_o time_n than_o may_v convenient_o serve_v they_o to_o draw_v their_o sword_n neither_o will_v their_o arm_n of_o defence_n which_o be_v complete_a beside_o a_o large_a target_n which_o they_o carry_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n suffer_v they_o to_o make_v any_o long_a pursuit_n or_o continue_a chase_n whensoever_o a_o light_a arm_a enemy_n do_v make_v any_o speedy_a retreat_n as_o will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o follow_v chap._n ix_o the_o helvetian_n faint_v in_o
the_o battle_n retire_v to_o a_o hill_n the_o roman_n follow_v after_o and_o the_o battle_n be_v continue_v the_o helvetian_n be_v sore_o trouble_v with_o the_o roman_a pile_n caesar_n which_o stick_v so_o fast_o in_o their_o shield_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o pull_v they_o out_o nor_o to_o use_v their_o target_n to_o any_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o after_o a_o wearisome_a toil_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o cast_v they_o away_o and_o to_o hazard_v their_o nakedness_n upon_o agility_n and_o readiness_n then_o to_o betray_v their_o life_n with_o a_o unmanageable_a weapon_n but_o at_o length_n faint_v with_o wound_n they_o begin_v to_o give_v place_n and_o make_v their_o retreat_n to_o a_o hill_n not_o far_o off_o the_o better_a to_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o roman_n lorraine_n the_o hill_n be_v take_v and_o the_o legion_n follow_v on_o to_o drive_v they_o from_o thence_o the_o rearguard_n of_o the_o helvetian_n which_o be_v the_o boy_n and_o tulingi_n consist_v of_o 15000_o man_n stand_v ready_a at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n to_o charge_v the_o roman_n in_o flank_n and_o to_o environ_v they_o round_o about_o which_o the_o helvetian_n no_o soon_o perceive_v but_o they_o return_v and_o begin_v a_o fresh_a from_o the_o hill_n to_o renew_v the_o battle_n and_o so_o the_o legion_n be_v set_v upon_o both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n at_o one_o instant_n to_o remedy_v this_o difficulty_n conversa_fw-la signa_fw-la bipartito_fw-la intulerunt_fw-la say_v the_o history_n the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n fight_v against_o the_o helvetian_n that_o return_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o three_o battle_n turn_v themselves_o to_o bear_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o rearward_n which_o stand_v ready_a to_o enclose_v they_o about_o and_o to_o charge_v they_o on_o the_o back_n and_o here_o the_o fight_n be_v doubtful_a and_o vehement_a for_o a_o long_a time_n until_o at_o length_n they_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n part_n of_o they_o flee_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o rest_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o place_n where_o their_o baggage_n and_o impediment_n be_v lodge_v and_o hitherto_o here_o be_v not_o one_o man_n see_v to_o have_v turn_v his_o back_n in_o all_o the_o conflict_n although_o the_o fight_v continue_v from_o the_o seven_o hour_n until_o the_o evening_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ensign_n of_o the_o roman_n roman_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o chief_a ensign_n of_o every_o legion_n be_v a_o eagle_n which_o always_o attend_v upon_o the_o primipile_n or_o chief_a centurion_n of_o the_o say_a legion_n the_o ensign_n of_o a_o maniple_n be_v either_o a_o hand_n or_o a_o dragon_n a_o wolf_n or_o a_o sphinx_n as_o it_o appear_v beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o history_n by_o the_o column_n of_o traiane_n in_o rome_n wherein_o the_o ensign_n be_v figure_v with_o such_o purtraiture_n so_o that_o these_o ensign_n resemble_v the_o proportion_n of_o live_a creature_n have_v their_o fore_a part_n always_o carry_v that_o way_n which_o the_o legion_n be_v to_o march_v or_o where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v and_o therefore_o in_o this_o history_n by_o the_o aspect_n and_o carry_v of_o the_o ensign_n the_o front_n of_o the_o army_n be_v common_o note_v as_o in_o this_o the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o the_o helvetian_o place_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o hill_n whither_o the_o helvetian_n have_v make_v their_o retreat_n and_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o three_o battle_n look_v a_o other_o way_n towards_o the_o boij_n and_o tulingi_n which_o stand_v of_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n by_o which_o be_v signify_v how_o the_o legion_n be_v divide_v to_o resist_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o double_a encounter_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n day_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v not_o the_o same_o division_n of_o the_o day_n as_o we_o common_o do_v for_o they_o divide_v their_o artificial_a which_o be_v the_o space_n between_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v into_o 12_o equal_a part_n which_o the_o astronomer_n call_v unequal_a or_o planetary_a hour_n the_o first_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n begin_v always_o at_o sun_n rise_v the_o six_o hour_n be_v always_o high_a noon_n and_o the_o twelve_o hour_n be_v sun_n set_v and_o as_o the_o day_n wax_v long_a or_o short_a so_o these_o hour_n be_v either_o great_a or_o less_o neither_o do_v they_o agree_v with_o equal_a or_o equinoctial_a hour_n such_o as_o be_v now_o use_v but_o only_o at_o the_o acquinoctium_n so_o that_o by_o this_o manner_n of_o reckon_n ab_fw-la hora_fw-la septima_fw-la ad_fw-la vesperum_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o battle_n begin_v about_o one_o of_o the_o clock_n according_a to_o our_o computation_n and_o continue_v until_o the_o evening_n the_o like_a we_o must_v understand_v throughout_o this_o whole_a history_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n chap._n x._o the_o helvetian_n continue_v their_o fight_n at_o the_o carriage_n but_o at_o length_n they_o leave_v the_o field_n and_o march_v towards_o langiers_n the_o like_a courage_n be_v also_o show_v on_o either_o side_n at_o their_o baggage_n caesar_n the_o place_n be_v fortify_v with_o cart_n and_o wagon_n in_o steed_n of_o a_o rampire_n which_o so_o trouble_v the_o roman_n that_o they_o can_v not_o win_v it_o until_o it_o be_v late_o in_o the_o night_n for_o the_o helvetian_n be_v fence_v with_o their_o carriage_n so_o gall_v the_o legion_n with_o dart_n and_o tavelin_n under_o the_o chariot_n and_o from_o between_o the_o wheel_n that_o the_o victory_n be_v not_o easy_o achieve_v at_o last_o be_v able_a no_o long_o to_o resist_v they_o leave_v the_o place_n and_o march_v all_o that_o night_n without_o any_o intermission_n and_o the_o four_o day_n they_o come_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o langiers_n lingones_n be_v about_o 230000_o that_o escape_v in_o the_o battle_n the_o observation_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o look_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o their_o overthrow_n as_o far_o as_o the_o right_a sense_n of_o the_o history_n shall_v direct_v our_o judgement_n we_o shall_v find_v valour_n not_o to_o be_v want_v in_o the_o helvetian_n but_o rather_o superlative_o abound_v in_o the_o roman_n for_o that_o vehement_a opinion_n of_o their_o valiancy_n and_o manhood_n which_o carry_v they_o out_o of_o the_o straits_n of_o the_o country_n to_o seek_v large_a fortune_n in_o other_o kingdom_n be_v not_o so_o abate_v with_o the_o losle_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o their_o host_n at_o the_o river_n arar_n nor_o with_o the_o terrible_a fury_n of_o those_o veteran_v legion_n but_o it_o yield_v this_o effect_n which_o caesar_n in_o his_o estimate_n of_o valour_n think_v memorable_a that_o for_o five_o hour_n space_n or_o more_o there_o be_v not_o one_o man_n see_v to_o have_v turn_v his_o back_n their_o manner_n of_o imbattail_v have_v not_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o enemy_n be_v unresistable_a for_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o phalanx_n which_o in_o the_o plain_n of_o asia_n have_v make_v alexander_n the_o great_a and_o the_o macedonian_n famous_a they_o do_v as_o far_o surpass_v any_o other_o form_n of_o imbattail_v suppose_v that_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n do_v fit_v that_o disposition_n wherein_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o whole_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o particular_n as_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o great_a body_n exceed_v the_o force_n and_o motion_n of_o his_o part_n when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a canton_n for_o as_o in_o a_o phalanx_n many_o particular_a soldier_n be_v by_o a_o close_a and_o compact_a order_n incorporate_v into_o one_o entire_a body_n so_o their_o several_a virtue_n be_v gather_v into_o one_o head_n and_o be_v as_o part_n unite_v into_o one_o general_a force_n which_o easy_o swallow_v up_o the_o ability_n of_o many_o other_o lesser_a quantity_n into_o which_o a_o great_a strength_n be_v equal_o divide_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n which_o they_o get_v by_o retreat_n and_o the_o double_a charge_n wherewith_o they_o engage_v the_o roman_n both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n be_v able_a in_o a_o indifferent_a conflict_n to_o have_v make_v fortune_n fugitive_n and_o bear_v arm_n on_o their_o side_n or_o at_o the_o least_o so_o to_o have_v steem_v the_o swell_a tide_n of_o victory_n which_o carry_v the_o roman_n so_o violent_o in_o the_o chase_n that_o they_o may_v have_v be_v equal_a sharer_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n have_v it_o not_o flow_v from_o a_o ocean_n of_o valour_n who_o course_n can_v not_o be_v hinder_v with_o any_o stop_n and_o
their_o overthrow_n it_o be_v record_v that_o columbus_n be_v general_n of_o some_o force_n which_o ferdinando_n king_n of_o castille_n send_v to_o discover_v the_o west_n indies_n &_o suffer_v great_a penury_n for_o want_n of_o victual_n in_o the_o i_o will_v of_o jamaica_n after_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v how_o the_o islander_n worship_v the_o moon_n and_o have_v knowledge_n of_o a_o eclipse_n that_o be_v short_o after_o to_o happen_v he_o tell_v the_o inhabitant_n that_o unless_o they_o will_v furnish_v he_o with_o such_o necessary_n as_o he_o want_v for_o the_o time_n the_o wrath_n of_o their_o god_n shall_v quick_o appear_v towards_o they_o by_o change_v his_o bright_a shine_a face_n into_o obscurity_n and_o darkness_n which_o be_v no_o soon_o happen_v but_o the_o poor_a indian_n strike_v with_o a_o superstitious_a fear_n of_o that_o which_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n require_v keep_v nothing_o back_o that_o may_v assist_v their_o enemy_n to_o depopulate_v and_o over_o run_v their_o own_o country_n chap._n xix_o caesar_n seek_v mean_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o the_o german_n dispose_v themselves_o thereunto_o caesar_z foreslow_v not_o that_o advantage_n caesar_n but_o the_o next_o day_n in_o the_o morning_n leave_v a_o sufficient_a garrison_n in_o each_o of_o his_o camp_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o number_n of_o his_o legionarie_a soldier_n be_v small_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o german_n he_o place_v all_o the_o auxiliarie_n troop_n for_o a_o show_n before_o the_o lesser_a camp_n and_o put_v his_o legion_n into_o a_o triple_a battle_n he_o march_v towards_o the_o camp_n of_o ariovistus_fw-la and_o then_o at_o length_n be_v the_o german_n constrain_v to_o bring_v out_o their_o power_n set_v every_o tribe_n &_o people_n by_o itself_o in_o a_o like_a distance_n and_o order_n of_o battle_n and_o environ_v their_o whole_a army_n with_o their_o cart_n and_o carriage_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o hope_n at_o all_o left_a to_o save_v any_o man_n by_o flight_n that_o dare_v not_o abide_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o these_o chariot_n they_o place_v their_o woman_n that_o they_o by_o their_o outstretch_a hand_n and_o tear_n move_v pity_n may_v implore_v the_o soldier_n as_o they_o descend_v by_o course_n into_o the_o battle_n not_o to_o deliver_v they_o the_o author_n of_o their_o life_n and_o be_v into_o the_o bondage_n and_o thraldom_n of_o the_o roman_n caesar_n assign_v to_o every_o legion_n a_o legate_n and_o a_o quaestor_n that_o every_o man_n may_v have_v a_o eye_n witness_n of_o his_o valour_n and_o he_o himself_o begin_v the_o battle_n with_o the_o right_a cornet_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o perceive_v that_o part_n of_o ariovistus_fw-la army_n to_o be_v the_o weak_a the_o first_o observation_n the_o roman_n even_o from_o the_o infancy_n of_o their_o state_n be_v ever_o zealous_a admirer_n of_o true_a honour_n and_o always_o desire_v to_o behold_v with_o the_o eye_n to_o what_o measure_n of_o virtue_n every_o man_n have_v attain_v that_o the_o tongue_n with_o great_a fervency_n of_o spirit_n may_v sound_v out_o the_o celebration_n of_o macte_fw-la virtute_fw-la which_o import_v more_o honour_n than_o any_o wealth_n that_o can_v be_v heap_v upon_o they_o neither_o be_v this_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o wisdom_n consider_v that_o the_o most_o precious_a thing_n that_o be_v loose_a much_o of_o their_o worth_n if_o they_o be_v not_o suit_v with_o other_o correspondent_a nature_n who_o sympathy_n add_v much_o more_o excellency_n than_o be_v discern_v when_o they_o appear_v by_o themselves_o without_o such_o assistance_n for_o how_o small_a be_v the_o beauty_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v to_o the_o eye-pleasing_a diamond_n when_o it_o be_v not_o adorn_v with_o a_o artificial_a form_n or_o what_o perfection_n can_v the_o form_n give_v without_o a_o foil_n to_o strengthten_v it_o or_o what_o good_a be_v in_o either_o of_o they_o if_o the_o light_n do_v not_o illuminate_v it_o or_o what_o avail_n all_o these_o where_o there_o want_v a_o eye_n to_o admire_v it_o a_o judgement_n to_o value_v it_o and_o a_o heart_n to_o embrace_v it_o such_o a_o union_n have_v nature_n imprint_v in_o the_o diversity_n of_o creature_n concur_v to_o perfection_n and_o especial_o in_o moral_a action_n in_o who_o carriage_n there_o be_v a_o far_o great_a exactness_n of_o correspondency_n require_v to_o approve_v they_o honourable_a then_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o jewel_n beautiful_a and_o this_o do_v caesar_n in_o all_o his_o battle_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o at_o alesia_n be_v particular_o note_v in_o this_o manner_n quoth_v in_o conspectu_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la res_fw-la gerebatur_fw-la neque_fw-la recte_fw-la aut_fw-la turpiter_fw-la factum_fw-la celari_fw-la poterat_fw-la utrosque_fw-la &_o laudis_fw-la cupiditas_fw-la &_o timor_fw-la ignominiae_fw-la ad_fw-la virtutem_fw-la excitabat_fw-la and_o when_o livy_n will_v express_v how_o valiant_o a_o action_n be_v carry_v he_o say_v no_o more_o but_o in_o conspectu_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la res_fw-la gerebatur_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o roman_n be_v diligent_a observer_n of_o every_o man_n worth_n reward_v virtue_n with_o honour_n and_o cowardice_n with_o reproach_n every_o man_n bend_v his_o whole_a endeavour_n to_o deserve_v the_o good_a opinion_n of_o his_o general_n by_o discharge_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o the_o common_a wealth_n with_o all_o loyalty_n and_o faithfulness_n of_o spirit_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o roman_n have_v four_o form_n of_o the_o front_n of_o their_o battle_n the_o first_o be_v call_v acies_fw-la recta_fw-la when_o neither_o the_o cornet_n nor_o the_o battle_n be_v advance_v one_o before_o another_o but_o be_v all_o carry_v in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o make_v a_o straight_a front_n and_o this_o be_v their_o most_o usual_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v the_o second_o form_n of_o the_o front_n be_v call_v obliqua_fw-la when_o as_o one_o of_o the_o cornet_n be_v advance_v near_o unto_o the_o enemy_n than_o the_o rest_n to_o begin_v the_o battle_n and_o this_o be_v common_o as_o vegetius_n note_v the_o right_a cornet_n for_o the_o right_a cornet_n of_o a_o army_n have_v great_a advantage_n against_o the_o left_a of_o the_o enemy_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o weapon_n and_o furniture_n but_o caesar_n do_v it_o in_o this_o place_n because_o he_o perceive_v that_o the_o enemy_n be_v weak_a in_o that_o part_n follow_v a_o maxim_n of_o great_a authority_n that_o the_o weak_a part_n of_o a_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o beginning_n to_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o army_n for_o so_o favourable_a be_v man_n judgement_n to_o that_o which_o be_v already_o happen_v that_o the_o sequel_n of_o every_o action_n depend_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o beginning_n dimidium_fw-la facti_fw-la qui_fw-la bene_fw-la caepit_fw-la habet_fw-la say_v a_o poet_n and_o not_o without_o great_a reason_n so_o forcible_a continual_o be_v the_o beginning_n and_o so_o connex_v to_o the_o sequel_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o precedent_a cause_n that_o the_o end_n must_v needs_o err_v from_o the_o common_a course_n when_o it_o do_v not_o participate_v of_o that_o quality_n which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o good_a end_n without_o a_o good_a beginning_n for_o although_o the_o beginning_n be_v oftentimes_o disastrous_a and_o unlucky_a and_o the_o end_n fortunate_a and_o happy_a yet_o before_o it_o come_v to_o that_o end_n there_o be_v a_o fortunate_a beginning_n for_o the_o bad_a beginning_n be_v not_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o good_a but_o of_o a_o evil_a end_n and_o therefore_o that_o his_o man_n may_v foresee_v a_o happy_a end_n in_o a_o good_a beginning_n it_o behoove_v he_o with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o army_n to_o assault_v the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o three_o form_n of_o the_o front_n be_v call_v sinuata_fw-la when_o both_o the_o cornet_n be_v advance_v forward_o and_o the_o battle_n stand_v backward_o off_o from_o the_o enemy_n after_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o half_a moon_n scipio_n use_v it_o in_o spain_n have_v observe_v some_o day_n before_o that_o the_o enemy_n continual_o so_o dispose_v of_o the_o battle_n that_o his_o best_a soldier_n be_v always_o in_o the_o midst_n and_o therefore_o scipio_n put_v all_o his_o old_a soldier_n in_o the_o cornet_n and_o bring_v they_o out_o first_o to_o charge_v upon_o the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o those_o may_v decide_v the_o controversy_n before_o the_o other_o that_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n can_v come_v to_o fight_v the_o last_o form_n be_v call_v gibbosa_fw-mi or_o gibbera_fw-la acies_fw-la when_o the_o battle_n be_v advance_v and_o the_o two_o cornet_n lag_v behind_o this_o form_n do_v hannibal_n use_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n but_o with_o this_o art_n that_o he_o strengthen_v his_o
the_o soldier_n may_v be_v warn_v to_o prepare_v themselves_o for_o the_o battle_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o warning_n they_o have_v which_o by_o a_o silent_a aspect_n present_v blood_n and_o execution_n to_o their_o eye_n as_o the_o only_o mean_v to_o work_v out_o their_o own_o safety_n and_o purchase_v eternal_a honour_n the_o second_o be_v signum_fw-la tuba_fw-la dandum_fw-la this_o warning_n be_v a_o noise_n of_o many_o trumpet_n which_o they_o term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o classicum_fw-la a_o calando_fw-la which_o signify_v call_v for_o after_o the_o eye_n be_v fill_v with_o species_n suitable_a to_o the_o matter_n intend_v they_o than_o haste_v to_o possess_v the_o ear_n and_o by_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v to_o stir_v up_o warlike_a motion_n and_o fill_v they_o with_o resolute_a thought_n that_o no_o diffident_a or_o base_a conceit_n may_v take_v hold_n of_o their_o mind_n the_o three_o be_v milites_fw-la cohortandi_fw-la for_o it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o confirm_v this_o valour_n with_o motive_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o strength_n and_o perfection_n of_o all_o such_o motion_n the_o use_n and_o benefit_n whereof_o i_o somewhat_o enlarge_v in_o the_o helvetian_a war_n and_o can_v afford_v much_o more_o labour_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o commodity_n of_o this_o part_n if_o my_o speech_n may_v carry_v credit_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o soldier_n or_o be_v think_v worthy_a regard_n to_o man_n so_o much_o addict_v to_o their_o own_o fashion_n the_o last_o be_v signum_fw-la dandum_fw-la which_o as_o some_o think_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o word_n by_o which_o they_o may_v distinguish_v and_o know_v themselves_o from_o their_o enemy_n hirtius_n in_o the_o war_n of_o africa_n say_v that_o caesar_n give_v the_o word_n felicity_n brutus_n and_o cassius_n give_v liberty_n other_o have_v give_v virtus_n deus_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la triumphus_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la and_o such_o like_a word_n as_o may_v be_v ominous_a to_o a_o good_a success_n beside_o these_o particularity_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o delivery_n give_v a_o great_a grace_n to_o the_o matter_n and_o that_o be_v distinguish_v by_o time_n and_o cue_n whereof_o caesar_n now_o complain_v that_o all_o these_o be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o one_o instant_a of_o time_n for_o without_o all_o controversy_n there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o such_o consequence_n in_o itself_o but_o may_v be_v much_o grace_v with_o ceremony_n and_o compliment_n which_o like_a officer_n or_o attendant_n add_v much_o respect_n and_o majesty_n to_o the_o action_n which_o otherwise_o be_v but_o bare_o present_v appear_v far_o mean_a and_o of_o less_o regard_n chap._n x._o the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o the_o neruij_fw-la in_o these_o difficulty_n caesar_n two_o thing_n be_v a_o help_n to_o the_o roman_n the_o one_o be_v the_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o the_o soldier_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o practice_n in_o former_a battle_n they_o can_v as_o well_o prescribe_v unto_o themselves_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v as_o any_o other_o commander_n can_v teach_v they_o the_o other_o be_v that_o notwithstanding_o caesar_n have_v give_v commandment_n to_o every_o legate_n not_o to_o leave_v the_o work_n or_o forsake_v the_o legion_n until_o the_o fortification_n be_v perfect_v yet_o when_o they_o see_v extremity_n of_o danger_n they_o attend_v no_o countermand_n from_o caesar_n but_o order_v all_o thing_n as_o it_o seem_v best_a to_o their_o own_o discretion_n caesar_n have_v command_v such_o thing_n as_o he_o think_v necessary_a run_v hasty_o to_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n and_o by_o fortune_n come_v to_o the_o ten_o legion_n where_o he_o use_v no_o further_a speech_n then_o that_o they_o shall_v remember_v their_o ancient_a valour_n and_o valiant_o withstand_v the_o brunt_n of_o their_o enemy_n word_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v no_o further_o off_o than_o a_o weapon_n may_v be_v cast_v to_o encounter_v they_o he_o give_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o battle_n and_o hasten_v from_o thence_o to_o another_o quarter_n he_o find_v they_o already_o close_v and_o at_o the_o encounter_n for_o the_o time_n be_v so_o short_a and_o the_o enemy_n so_o violent_a that_o they_o want_v leisure_n to_o put_v on_o their_o head-piece_n or_o to_o uncase_v their_o target_n and_o what_o part_n they_o light_v into_o from_o their_o work_n or_o what_o ensign_n they_o first_o meet_v withal_o there_o they_o stay_v lest_o in_o seek_v out_o their_o own_o company_n they_o shall_v loose_v that_o time_n as_o be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o fight_v the_o army_n be_v imbattail_v rather_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n the_o declivitie_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o brevity_n of_o time_n then_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n as_o the_o legion_n encounter_v the_o enemy_n in_o diverse_a place_n at_o once_o the_o perfect_a view_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v hinder_v by_o those_o thick_a hedge_n before_o speak_v of_o there_o can_v no_o succour_n be_v place_v any_o where_o neither_o can_v any_o man_n see_v what_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v do_v &_o therefore_o in_o so_o great_a uncertainty_n of_o thing_n there_o happen_v diverse_a casualty_n of_o fortune_n the_o soldier_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o ten_o legion_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o army_n cast_v their_o pile_n with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o hill_n do_v drive_v the_o attrebatij_n breathless_a with_o run_v &_o wound_v in_o the_o encounter_n down_o into_o the_o river_n &_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o water_n slay_v many_o of_o they_o with_o their_o sword_n neither_o do_v they_o stick_v to_o follow_v after_o they_o over_o the_o river_n and_o adventure_v into_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v renew_v again_o by_o the_o enemy_n they_o put_v they_o to_o flight_v the_o second_o time_n in_o like_a manner_n two_o other_o legion_n the_o 11_o and_o the_o 8_o have_v put_v the_o veromandui_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n fight_v with_o they_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n and_o so_o the_o front_n &_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v well_o near_o leave_v naked_a for_o in_o the_o right_a cornet_n be_v the_o 12_o and_o the_o 7_o legion_n where_o as_o all_o the_o neruij_fw-la under_o the_o conduct_n of_o boduognatus_n be_v heap_v together_o and_o some_o of_o they_o begin_v to_o assault_v the_o legion_n on_o the_o open_a side_n and_o other_o some_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o roman_a horseman_n and_o the_o light_a arm_a footman_n that_o be_v intermingle_v among_o they_o and_o be_v at_o first_o all_o put_v to_o flight_n by_o the_o enemy_n as_o they_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o camp_n meet_v with_o their_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n and_o so_o be_v drive_v to_o fly_v out_o another_o way_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o page_n and_o soldier_n boy_n that_o from_o the_o decumane_a port_n and_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n have_v see_v the_o ten_o legion_n follow_v their_o enemy_n in_o pursuit_n over_o the_o river_n and_o be_v go_v out_o to_o gather_v pillage_n when_o they_o look_v behind_o they_o and_o see_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o camp_n betake_v they_o to_o their_o heel_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v which_o accident_n so_o terrify_v the_o horseman_n of_o the_o treviri_n who_o for_o their_o prowess_n be_v repute_v singular_a among_o the_o gall_n and_o be_v send_v thither_o by_o their_o state_n to_o aid_v the_o roman_n first_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o roman_a camp_n to_o be_v possess_v by_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o legion_n to_o be_v overcharge_v and_o almost_o enclose_v about_o the_o horseman_n slinger_n and_o numidian_n to_o be_v disperse_v and_o flee_v that_o without_o any_o further_a expectation_n they_o take_v their_o way_n homeward_o and_o report_v to_o their_o state_n that_o the_o roman_n be_v utter_o overthrow_v caesar_n depart_v from_o the_o ten_o legion_n to_o the_o right_a cornet_n find_v his_o man_n exceed_o overcharge_v the_o ensign_n crowd_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o 12_o legion_n so_o thick_o throng_v on_o a_o heap_n that_o they_o hinder_v one_o another_o all_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o four_o cohort_n be_v slay_v the_o ensign_n bearer_n kill_v and_o the_o ensign_n take_v and_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o other_o cohort_n either_o slay_v or_o sore_o wound_v among_o who_o pub._n sextus_n baculus_fw-la the_o primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n a_o valiant_a man_n so_o grievous_o wound_v that_o he_o can_v scarce_o stand_v upon_o his_o foot_n the_o rest_n not_o very_o forward_o but_o many_o of_o the_o hindmost_a turn_v tail_n and_o forsake_v the_o field_n the_o enemy_n on_o the_o other_o side_n give_v no_o respite_n in_o front_n although_o he_o fight_v against_o the_o
left_a side_n but_o with_o great_a trouble_n and_o annoyance_n and_o if_o any_o man_n say_v that_o if_o it_o hang_v on_o the_o right_a side_n it_o must_v be_v very_o short_a otherwise_o it_o will_v never_o be_v ready_o draw_v out_o i_o say_v that_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o targeteer_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o use_n of_o that_o weapon_n aught_o to_o be_v of_o a_o very_a short_a scantling_n when_o as_o the_o targetier_n be_v to_o command_v the_o point_n of_o his_o sword_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o target_n as_o such_o as_o look_v into_o the_o true_a use_n of_o this_o weapon_n will_v easy_o discover_v but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o target_n chap._n xi_o the_o battle_n continue_v and_o in_o the_o end_n caesar_n overcom_v at_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o general_n the_o soldier_n conceive_v some_o better_a hope_n caesar_n and_o gather_v strength_n and_o courage_n again_o when_o as_o every_o man_n bestir_v himself_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o brunt_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v a_o little_a stay_v caesar_n perceive_v likewise_o the_o seven_o legion_n which_o stand_v next_o unto_o he_o to_o be_v sore_o overlaide_v by_o the_o enemy_n command_v the_o tribune_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o join_v the_o two_o legion_n together_o and_o so_o by_o join_v back_o to_o back_n to_o make_v two_o contrary_a front_n and_o be_v thus_o secure_v one_o by_o another_o from_o fear_n of_o be_v circumvent_v they_o begin_v to_o make_v resistance_n with_o great_a courage_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o two_o legion_n that_o be_v in_o the_o rerewarde_n to_o guard_v the_o carriage_n hear_v of_o the_o battle_n double_v their_o pace_n and_o be_v descry_v by_o the_o enemy_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o titus_n labienus_n have_v win_v the_o camp_n of_o the_o neruij_fw-la and_o behold_v from_o the_o high_a ground_n what_o be_v do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_o send_v the_o ten_o legion_n to_o help_v their_o fellow_n who_o understand_v by_o the_o horseman_n and_o lackey_n that_o flee_v in_o what_o case_n the_o matter_n stand_v and_o in_o what_o danger_n the_o camp_n the_o legion_n and_o the_o general_n be_v make_v all_o the_o haste_n they_o possible_o can_v at_o who_o come_v there_o happen_v such_o a_o alteration_n and_o change_n of_o thing_n that_o even_o such_o as_o be_v sink_v down_o through_o extreme_a grief_n of_o their_o wound_n or_o lean_v upon_o their_o target_n begin_v again_o to_o fight_v a_o fresh_a and_o the_o page_n and_o the_o boy_n perceive_v the_o enemy_n amaze_v run_v upon_o they_o unarm_v not_o fear_v their_o weapon_n the_o horseman_n also_o strive_v with_o extraordinary_a valour_n to_o wipe_v away_o the_o dishonour_n of_o their_o former_a flight_n thrust_v themselves_o in_o all_o place_n before_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n howbeit_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o utmost_a peril_n of_o their_o life_n show_v such_o manhood_n that_o as_o fast_o as_o the_o foremost_a of_o they_o be_v overthrow_v the_o next_o in_o place_n bestride_v their_o carcase_n and_o fight_v upon_o their_o body_n and_o these_o be_v likewise_o overthrow_v and_o their_o body_n heap_v one_o upon_o another_o they_o that_o remain_v possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o mount_n of_o dead_a carcase_n as_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n and_o from_o thence_o throw_v their_o weapon_n and_o intercept_n the_o pile_n return_v they_o again_o to_o the_o roman_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n to_o deem_v they_o man_n of_o haughty_a courage_n that_o dare_v pass_v over_o so_o broad_a a_o river_n climb_v up_o such_o high_a rock_n and_o adventure_v to_o fight_v in_o a_o place_n of_o such_o inequality_n the_o battle_n be_v thus_o end_v and_o the_o nation_n and_o name_n of_o the_o neruij_fw-la be_v well_o near_o swallow_v up_o with_o destruction_n the_o elder_a sort_n with_o the_o woman_n and_o child_n that_o before_o the_o battle_n be_v convey_v into_o land_n and_o bog_n when_o they_o hear_v thereof_o send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n and_o yield_v themselves_o to_o his_o mercy_n and_o in_o lay_v open_a the_o misery_n of_o their_o state_n affirm_v that_o of_o 600_o senator_n they_o have_v now_o leave_v but_o three_o and_o of_o 60000_o fight_a man_n there_o be_v scarce_o five_o hundred_o that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n caesar_n that_o his_o clemency_n may_v appear_v to_o a_o distress_a people_n preserve_v they_o with_o great_a care_n grant_v unto_o they_o the_o free_a possession_n of_o their_o town_n and_o country_n and_o straight_o command_v their_o borderer_n not_o to_o offer_v they_o any_o wrong_n or_o injury_n at_o all_o observation_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o relation_n of_o that_o great_a and_o dangerous_a battle_n cae._n which_o ramus_n complain_v of_o as_o a_o confuse_a narration_n much_o differ_v from_o the_o direct_a and_o methodical_a file_n of_o his_o other_o commentary_n but_o if_o that_o rule_n hold_v good_a which_o learned_a rhetoritian_n have_v observe_v in_o their_o oratory_n that_o a_o unperfect_a thing_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v tell_v in_o a_o perfect_a manner_n then_o by_o ramus_n leave_v if_o any_o such_o confusion_n do_v appear_v it_o both_o savour_v of_o eloquence_n and_o well_o suit_v the_o turbulent_a carriage_n of_o the_o action_n wherein_o order_n and_o skill_n give_v place_n to_o fortune_n and_o providence_n be_v swallow_v up_o with_o peradventure_o for_o that_o which_o hirtius_n say_v of_o the_o overthrow_n he_o give_v to_o pharnaces_n may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v of_o this_o that_o he_o get_v the_o victory_n plurimum_fw-la adiwante_fw-la deorum_fw-la benignitate_fw-la qui_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la belli_fw-la casibus_fw-la intersunt_fw-la tum_fw-la praecipue_fw-la ijs_fw-la quibus_fw-la nihil_fw-la ratione_fw-la potuit_fw-la administrari_fw-la for_o so_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o battle_n and_o the_o danger_n proceed_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n that_o bring_v he_o to_o that_o push_n in_o the_o battle_n with_o pharnaces_n for_o he_o well_o understand_v that_o the_o neruij_fw-la attend_v his_o come_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o river_n sabis_n neither_o be_v he_o ignorant_a how_o to_o fortify_v his_o camp_n in_o the_o face_n of_o a_o enemy_n without_o fear_n or_o danger_n as_o we_o have_v see_v in_o his_o war_n with_o ariovistus_fw-la when_o he_o march_v to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o purpose_v to_o incamp_v himself_o with_o 3_o battle_n and_o cause_v two_o of_o they_o to_o stand_v ready_a in_o arm_n to_o receive_v any_o charge_n which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v offer_v to_o give_v that_o the_o three_o battle_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n may_v fortify_v the_o camp_n which_o course_n will_v easy_o have_v frustrate_v this_o stratagem_n of_o the_o neruij_fw-la and_o make_v the_o hazard_n less_o dangerous_a but_o he_o little_o expect_v any_o such_o resolution_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o military_a discipline_n that_o a_o enemy_n shall_v not_o stick_v to_o pass_v over_o so_o broad_a a_o river_n to_o climb_v up_o such_o steep_a and_o high_a rock_n to_o adventure_v battle_n in_o a_o place_n so_o disaduantagious_a and_o to_o hazard_v their_o fortune_n upon_o such_o inequality_n and_o therefore_o he_o little_o mistrust_v any_o such_o unlikelie_a attempt_n wherein_o the_o enemy_n have_v plot_v his_o own_o overthrow_n if_o the_o legion_n have_v be_v ready_a to_o receive_v they_o which_o may_v teach_v a_o general_a that_o which_o caesar_n have_v not_o yet_o learned_a that_o a_o leader_n can_v be_v too_o secure_a in_o his_o most_o assure_a course_n nor_o too_o careful_a in_o his_o best_a advise_a direction_n consider_v that_o the_o great_a mean_n may_v easy_o be_v prevent_v and_o the_o safe_a course_n weaken_v with_o a_o unrespected_a circumstance_n so_o powerful_a be_v weak_a occurrence_n in_o the_o main_a course_n of_o the_o weighty_a action_n and_o so_o infinite_a be_v the_o way_n whereby_o either_o wisdom_n or_o fortune_n may_v work_v neither_o do_v this_o warn_v he_o to_o provide_v for_o that_o which_o a_o enemy_n may_v do_v how_o unlikelie_a soever_o it_o may_v seem_v unto_o he_o as_o appear_z by_o that_o accident_n in_o the_o battle_n with_o pharnaces_n which_o practice_n of_o attempt_v a_o thing_n against_o reason_n and_o the_o art_n of_o war_n have_v find_v good_a success_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n as_o appear_z by_o the_o french_a history_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v spare_o as_o no_o way_n savour_v of_o circumspect_a and_o good_a direction_n forasmuch_o as_o temeritas_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la felix_fw-la as_o fabius_n the_o great_a answer_v scipio_n the_o chief_a help_n which_o the_o roman_n find_v be_v first_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o helvetian_a war_n secondlie_o the_o experience_n which_o the_o soldier_n have_v get_v in_o the_o former_a battle_n
which_o much_o direct_v they_o in_o this_o turbulent_a assault_n wherein_o they_o carry_v themselves_o as_o man_n acquaint_v with_o such_o casualty_n last_o the_o valour_n and_o undaunted_a judgement_n of_o the_o general_n which_o oversway_v the_o peril_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o so_o fortunate_a a_o end_n wherein_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o in_o a_o temperate_a course_n when_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o battle_n rest_v upon_o his_o direction_n he_o whole_o intend_a wariness_n &_o circumspection_n so_o in_o the_o hazard_n and_o peril_n of_o good_a hap_n he_o confront_v extremity_n of_o danger_n with_o extremity_n of_o valour_n and_o overtop_v fury_n with_o a_o high_a resolution_n chap._n xii_o the_o aduatici_n betake_v themselves_o to_o a_o strong_a hold_n and_o be_v take_v by_o caesar_n the_o *_o aduatici_n before_o mention_v brabant_n come_v with_o all_o their_o power_n to_o aid_v the_o neruij_fw-la and_o understand_v by_o the_o way_n of_o their_o overthrow_n return_v home_o again_o and_o forsake_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o town_n and_o castle_n convey_v themselves_o and_o their_o wealth_n into_o one_o strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v town_n which_o be_v compass_v about_o with_o mighty_a rock_n and_o steep_a downfall_n save_v in_o one_o place_n of_o 200._o foot_n in_o breadth_n where_o there_o be_v a_o entry_n by_o a_o gentle_a and_o easy_a ascent_n which_o passage_n they_o have_v fortify_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n of_o a_o large_a altitude_n and_o have_v place_v mighty_a great_a stone_n and_o sharp_a beam_n upon_o the_o wall_n ready_a for_o a_o assault_n this_o people_n descend_v from_o the_o cimbri_n and_o teutoni_n who_o in_o their_o journey_n into_o italy_n have_v leave_v such_o carriage_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n as_o they_o can_v not_o convenient_o take_v along_o with_o they_o in_o the_o custody_n of_o these_o force_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o fellow_n be_v many_o year_n disquiet_v by_o their_o neighbour_n sometime_o invade_v other_o state_n and_o sometime_o defend_v themselves_o at_o length_n procure_v a_o peace_n and_o choose_v this_o place_n to_o settle_v themselves_o in_o at_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o roman_a army_n they_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o town_n &_o make_v many_o light_a skirmish_n with_o they_o but_o after_o that_o caesar_n have_v draw_v a_o rampire_n about_o the_o town_n of_o 12_o foot_n in_o height_n 15_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o have_v fortify_v it_o with_o castle_n very_o thick_a about_o the_o town_n they_o keep_v themselves_o within_o the_o wall_n and_o as_o they_o behold_v the_o vine_n frame_v the_o mount_v raise_v and_o a_o tower_n in_o build_v a_o far_o off_o at_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o laugh_v at_o it_o and_o with_o scoff_a speech_n from_o the_o wall_n begin_v to_o ask_v with_o what_o hand_n &_o with_o what_o strength_n especial_o by_o man_n of_o that_o stature_n for_o the_o roman_n be_v but_o little_a man_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o gall_n a_o tower_n of_o that_o huge_a massy_a weight_n shall_v be_v bring_v unto_o the_o wall_n but_o when_o they_o see_v it_o remove_v and_o approach_v near_o unto_o the_o town_n as_o man_n astonish_v at_o the_o strange_a and_o unaccustomed_a sight_n thereof_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v a_o peace_n with_o this_o message_n they_o believe_v that_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o make_v war_n without_o the_o special_a assistance_n of_o the_o god_n that_o can_v with_o such_o facility_n transport_v engine_n of_o that_o height_n &_o bring_v they_o to_o encounter_v at_o hand_n against_o the_o strong_a part_n of_o their_o town_n and_o therefore_o they_o submit_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v to_o caesar_n mercy_n desire_v one_o thing_n of_o his_o mere_a clemency_n that_o he_o will_v not_o take_v away_o their_o arm_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o their_o neighbour_n be_v enemy_n unto_o they_o and_o envy_v at_o their_o valour_n neither_o be_v they_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o their_o armour_n so_o that_o they_o have_v rather_o suffer_v any_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n then_o to_o be_v butcherly_a murder_v by_o they_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o have_v hold_v subject_a to_o their_o command_n to_o this_o caesar_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v save_v the_o city_n rather_o of_o his_o own_o custom_n they_o for_o any_o desert_n of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o yield_v before_o the_o ram_n touch_v the_o wall_n but_o no_o condition_n of_o remedy_n shall_v be_v accept_v without_o present_a delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n for_o he_o will_v do_v by_o they_o as_o he_o have_v do_v by_o the_o neruij_fw-la and_o give_v commandment_n to_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o shall_v offer_v no_o wrong_n to_o such_o as_o have_v commend_v their_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n this_o answer_n be_v return_v to_o the_o city_n they_o seem_v content_v to_o do_v whatsoever_o he_o command_v they_o and_o thereupon_o cast_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o armour_n over_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o ditch_n insomuch_o as_o they_o fill_v it_o almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampire_n and_o yet_o as_o afterward_o be_v know_v conceal_v the_o three_o part_n they_o set_v open_v the_o gate_n and_o for_o that_o day_n carry_v themselves_o peaceable_o towards_o night_n caesar_n command_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v and_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o town_n but_o the_o aduatici_n have_v consult_v together_o before_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o believe_v that_o upon_o their_o submission_n the_o roman_n will_v either_o set_v no_o watch_n at_o all_o or_o at_o the_o least_o keep_v it_o very_o careless_o partly_o with_o such_o armour_n as_o they_o have_v retain_v and_o partly_o with_o target_n make_v of_o bark_n or_o wrought_v of_o wicker_n which_o upon_o the_o sudden_a they_o have_v cover_v over_o with_o leather_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n where_o the_o ascent_n to_o our_o fortification_n be_v easy_a they_o issue_v sudden_o out_o of_o the_o town_n with_o all_o their_o power_n but_o signification_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o fire_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v the_o roman_n haste_v speedy_o to_o that_o place_n the_o enemy_n fight_v very_o desperate_o as_o man_n in_o the_o last_o hope_n of_o their_o welfare_n incounter_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n at_o length_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o 4000_o the_o rest_n be_v drive_v back_o into_o the_o town_n the_o next_o day_n when_o caesar_n come_v to_o break_v open_a the_o gate_n and_o find_v no_o man_n at_o defence_n he_o send_v in_o the_o soldier_n and_o sell_v all_o the_o people_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o town_n the_o number_n of_o person_n in_o the_o town_n amount_v to_o 53000._o bondslave_n the_o first_o observation_n in_o the_o surprise_n circunuallatio_n attempt_v by_o the_o belgae_n upon_o bibract_n i_o set_v down_o the_o manner_n which_o both_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o their_o sudden_a surprise_v of_o a_o town_n whereof_o if_o they_o fail_v the_o place_n import_v any_o advantage_n in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o war_n they_o then_o prepare_v for_o the_o siege_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o caesar_n have_v describe_v in_o this_o place_n they_o environ_v the_o town_n about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n and_o fortify_v the_o say_a rampire_n with_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n erect_v in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o so_o they_o keep_v the_o town_n from_o any_o foreign_a succour_n or_o relief_n and_o withal_o secure_v themselves_o from_o sally_n or_o other_o stratagern_n which_o the_o townsman_n may_v practice_v against_o they_o and_o this_o manner_n of_o siege_n be_v call_v circumuallatio_fw-la the_o particular_a description_n whereof_o commentary_n i_o refer_v unto_o the_o history_n of_o alesia_n where_o i_o will_v handle_v it_o according_a to_o the_o particular_n there_o set_v down_o by_o caesar_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o ram_n ram._n which_o caesar_n here_o mention_v be_v of_o great_a note_n among_o all_o the_o roman_a engine_n and_o hold_v that_o place_n which_o the_o canon_n have_v in_o our_o war_n vitrwius_fw-la do_v attribute_v the_o invention_n thereof_o to_o the_o carthagimans_n who_o at_o the_o take_n of_o cadiz_n want_v a_o fit_a instrument_n to_o raze_v and_o overthrow_v a_o castle_n cales_n they_o take_v a_o long_a beam_n or_o timber_n tree_n and_o bear_v it_o upon_o their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n with_o the_o one_o end_n thereof_o they_o first_o break_v down_o the_o uppermost_a rank_n of_o stone_n and_o so_o descend_v by_o degree_n simplex_fw-la they_o overthrewe_v the_o whole_a tower_n the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o ram_n the_o one_o be_v rude_a and_o plain_a the_o other_o artificial_a and_o compound_v the_o first_o be_v that_o which_o the_o carthaginian_n
witted_a gall_n who_o he_o persuade_v with_o great_a reward_n and_o further_a promise_n to_o fly_v to_o the_o enemy_n and_o there_o to_o carry_v himself_o according_a to_o the_o instruction_n which_o he_o shall_v give_v he_o this_o gall_n come_v as_o a_o revolter_v to_o the_o enemy_n lay_v open_a unto_o they_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o extremity_n that_o caesar_n be_v drive_v into_o by_o the_o veneti_n and_o that_o the_o night_n before_o sabinus_n be_v about_o to_o withdraw_v his_o force_n secret_o out_o of_o his_o camp_n and_o to_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o relieve_v caesar_n upon_o which_o advertisement_n they_o all_o cry_v out_o with_o one_o consent_n that_o this_o opportunity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v but_o set_v apart_o all_o other_o device_n to_o go_v and_o assault_v the_o roman_a camp_n many_o circumstance_n persuade_v the_o gall_n to_o this_o resolution_n as_o first_o the_o linger_a &_o doubt_v which_o sabinus_n have_v make_v when_o he_o be_v offer_v battle_n second_o the_o intelligence_n which_o this_o fugitive_n have_v bring_v three_o the_o want_n of_o victual_n wherein_o they_o have_v be_v negligent_a and_o unaduised_o careless_a four_a the_o hope_n they_o conceive_v of_o the_o war_n of_o vannes_n and_o last_o for_o that_o man_n willing_o believe_v that_o which_o they_o will_v have_v come_v to_o pass_v the_o force_n of_o these_o motive_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v viridovix_n nor_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o captain_n to_o dismiss_v the_o council_n until_o they_o have_v permit_v they_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o go_v to_o the_o roman_a camp_n which_o be_v grant_v they_o gather_v rubbish_n and_o faggot_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o ditch_n and_o with_o cheerful_a heart_n as_o though_o the_o victory_n be_v already_o get_v they_o march_v to_o the_o place_n where_o sabinus_n be_v encamp_v which_o be_v the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n rise_v gentle_o from_o a_o level_a the_o quantity_n of_o 1000_o pace_n hither_o the_o gall_n haste_v with_o all_o expedition_n and_o to_o the_o intent_n the_o roman_n may_v not_o have_v so_o much_o time_n as_o to_o put_v on_o their_o armour_n the_o gall_n for_o haste_n run_v themselves_o out_o of_o breath_n sabinus_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n give_v the_o sign_n of_o battle_n and_o sally_v out_o at_o two_o several_a gate_n of_o his_o camp_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o through_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n the_o weariness_n and_o unexperience_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n and_o their_o exercise_n in_o former_a battle_n that_o the_o gall_n can_v not_o endure_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o first_o encounter_n but_o present_o take_v themselves_o to_o flight_n of_o who_o very_o few_o escape_v and_o so_o it_o happen_v that_o at_o one_o time_n sabinus_n have_v news_n of_o the_o overthrow_n at_o sea_n and_o caesar_n of_o sabinus_n victory_n by_o land_n upon_o these_o victory_n all_o the_o city_n and_o state_n yield_v themselves_o to_o titurius_n for_o as_o the_o gall_n be_v prompt_a to_o undertake_v a_o war_n so_o be_v they_o weak_a in_o suffer_v and_o impatient_a of_o the_o consequent_n and_o calamity_n thereof_o observation_n this_o practice_n of_o a_o counterfeit_a fear_n be_v often_o put_v in_o use_n by_o the_o roman_a leader_n 5._o as_o well_o to_o disappoint_v the_o expectation_n of_o a_o enemy_n as_o to_o draw_v they_o into_o a_o inconvenience_n &_o so_o to_o defeat_v they_o of_o their_o great_a help_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n caesar_n come_v to_o succour_v the_o camp_n of_o cicero_n make_v such_o use_n of_o this_o art_n that_o he_o put_v to_o rout_n a_o great_a army_n of_o the_o gall_n with_o a_o handful_n of_o man_n which_o i_o will_v refer_v unto_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v particular_o set_v down_o by_o caesar_n the_o chief_a thing_n in_o this_o place_n which_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o overthrow_n be_v disappointment_n for_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n hardly_o to_o be_v digest_v in_o business_n of_o small_a consequence_n to_o be_v frustrate_v of_o a_o settle_a expectation_n when_o the_o mind_n shall_v dispose_v herself_o to_o one_o only_a intent_n and_o in_o the_o upshot_n meet_v with_o a_o counterbuff_n to_o cross_v her_o purpose_n and_o so_o defeat_v she_o of_o that_o hope_n which_o the_o strength_n of_o her_o reason_n have_v entertain_v how_o much_o more_o than_o in_o thing_n of_o such_o importance_n when_o we_o shall_v proceed_v in_o a_o course_n of_o victory_n and_o humour_n our_o conceit_n with_o that_o we_o wish_v and_o will_v have_v to_o happen_v and_o in_o the_o end_n meet_v either_o with_o bondage_n or_o death_n must_v our_o best_a wit_n be_v appall_v have_v neither_o respite_n nor_o mean_n to_o think_v how_o the_o evil_a may_v be_v best_a prevent_v which_o the_o wise_a roman_n well_o understand_v and_o count_v it_o no_o dishonour_n to_o be_v reproach_v with_o shameful_a cowardice_n by_o such_o as_o know_v not_o the_o secret_n of_o wisdom_n while_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n foresee_v their_o good_a fortune_n shroud_v under_o the_o cloak_n of_o a_o pretend_a distrust_n let_v these_o example_n instruct_v a_o leader_n so_o to_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o any_o such_o fortune_n that_o in_o the_o execution_n he_o omit_v not_o the_o chief_a point_n of_o order_n and_o discipline_n as_o well_o for_o the_o better_a effect_v of_o the_o design_n as_o for_o his_o own_o safety_n and_o the_o security_n of_o his_o army_n for_o order_n be_v as_o the_o sinew_n and_o strength_n of_o martial_a discipline_n unite_n the_o particular_a member_n into_o the_o firm_a composition_n of_o a_o well_o proportion_a body_n and_o so_o it_o make_v it_o more_o powerful_a than_o any_o number_n of_o disunit_a part_n how_o able_a or_o infinite_a soever_o i_o may_v here_o allege_v infinite_a example_n to_o confirm_v this_o truth_n but_o let_v the_o battle_n of_o drux_n serve_v for_o all_o wherein_o the_o protestants_n overcharge_v the_o catholic_a army_n follow_v the_o retreat_n so_o hard_o that_o they_o quick_o become_v master_n of_o the_o field_n and_o then_o neglect_v martial_a discipline_n fall_v in_o confuse_o with_o the_o break_a multitude_n to_o make_v the_o victory_n more_o glorious_a by_o slaughter_n and_o mortality_n the_o duke_n of_o guise_n all_o this_o while_n bouge_v not_o a_o foot_n but_o in_o unexampled_a patience_n keep_v his_o regiment_n close_o together_o and_o will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o rescue_v their_o general_n that_o be_v take_v until_o the_o regiment_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o condie_n be_v likewise_o disperse_v and_o break_v and_o then_o perceive_v no_o difference_n of_o order_n between_o the_o victor_n protestant_n and_o the_o vanquish_a catholic_a he_o dissolve_v that_o terrible_a cloud_n that_o have_v hang_v so_o long_o in_o suspense_n and_o so_o change_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n that_o he_o take_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o prince_n prisoner_n with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o man_n so_o powerful_a be_v order_n in_o the_o deed_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o such_o consequence_n in_o obtain_v victory_n and_o thus_o we_o have_v first_o see_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o a_o counterfeit_a fear_n well_o dissemble_v may_v cast_v upon_o a_o credulous_a and_o unaduised_a enemy_n when_o pretence_n and_o appearance_n have_v bring_v they_o into_o a_o error_n which_o their_o own_o credulity_n do_v afterward_o avouch_v and_o second_o what_o strength_n and_o safety_n consist_v in_o order_n and_o how_o powerful_a it_o be_v to_o throw_v down_o and_o to_o set_v up_o chap._n ix_o the_o proceed_n of_o crassus_n in_o aquitanie_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n it_o happen_v also_o caesar_n that_o pub._n crassus_n come_v into_o aquitania_n which_o both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o large_a extension_n of_o the_o country_n as_o also_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v name_v the_o three_o part_n of_o gallia_n and_o consider_v that_o he_o be_v to_o make_v war_n in_o those_o part_n where_o l._n valerius_n preconius_fw-la the_o legate_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o army_n over_o throw_v and_o where_o lucius_n manilius_n be_v fain_o to_o fly_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o carriage_n he_o think_v that_o his_o affair_n require_v no_o mean_a diligence_n and_o therefore_o have_v make_v provision_n of_o corn_n and_o muster_v many_o auxiliarie_n force_n and_o send_v for_o many_o valiant_a and_o prudent_a man_n from_o tolouse_n and_o narbone_n he_o carry_v his_o army_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o euocati_fw-la sontiate_n which_o be_v no_o soon_o know_v but_o they_o levy_v great_a force_n both_o of_o horse_n &_o foot_n and_o with_o their_o horse_n charge_v upon_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o march_n which_o be_v easy_o repel_v as_o they_o follow_v the_o retreat_n the_o infantry_n of_o the_o gall_n show_v itself_o in_o a_o valley_n as_o
persuade_v that_o they_o may_v adventure_v battle_n both_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o multitude_n and_o ancient_a prowess_n of_o war_n as_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o paucity_n of_o the_o roman_n yet_o they_o though_o it_o better_o to_o block_n up_o the_o passage_n and_o so_o cut_v off_o all_o carriage_n and_o convoy_n of_o corn_n and_o so_o the_o victory_n will_v follow_v without_o bloodshed_n and_o if_o the_o roman_n for_o want_v of_o corn_n shall_v offer_v to_o make_v a_o retreit_n they_o will_v then_o set_v upon_o they_o as_o they_o march_v weary_v with_o travel_n and_o heavilie_o lade_v with_o their_o burden_n this_o resolution_n be_v approve_v by_o the_o whole_a council_n of_o the_o gall_n when_o the_o roman_n imbattail_v their_o force_n they_o keep_v their_o man_n within_o their_o camp_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o sertorius_n have_v follow_v the_o faction_n of_o marius_n and_o cinna_n sertorius_n and_o when_o sylla_n have_v overthrow_v both_o the_o elder_a and_o young_a marius_n he_o flee_v into_o spain_n and_o there_o maintain_v the_o quarrel_n on_o foot_n against_o pompeie_n and_o metellus_n and_o overthrow_v they_o in_o many_o battle_n but_o in_o the_o end_n be_v treacherous_o slay_v by_o perpanna_n at_o a_o banquet_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a spirit_n and_o of_o admirable_a dispatch_n and_o under_o he_o be_v these_o captain_n bring_v up_o which_o caesar_n commend_v for_o their_o skill_n in_o arm_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o history_n enemy_n propound_v to_o our_o consideration_n the_o deed_n and_o monument_n of_o former_a age_n we_o may_v observe_v two_o especial_a mean_n which_o the_o great_a commander_n of_o the_o world_n have_v entertain_v to_o achieve_v victory_n and_o overmaster_v their_o enemy_n the_o first_o by_o cunning_n and_o wise_a carriage_n of_o a_o matter_n before_o it_o come_v to_o trial_n by_o blow_n the_o second_o by_o forceable_a mean_n &_o wage_n of_o battle_n the_o one_o proceed_v from_o wisdom_n and_o the_o better_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o the_o other_o depend_v upon_o the_o strength_n and_o ability_n of_o the_o body_n concern_v the_o first_o it_o have_v ever_o be_v hold_v more_o honourable_a as_o better_o suit_v the_o worth_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o the_o divine_a essence_n of_o our_o nature_n so_o to_o direct_v the_o course_n of_o a_o action_n that_o the_o adverse_a part_n may_v be_v weaken_v by_o wit_n and_o prevent_v in_o the_o project_n of_o their_o better_a fortune_n by_o anticipation_n of_o mean_n and_o occasion_n &_o so_o through_o advantage_n take_v from_o their_o own_o proceed_n to_o be_v drive_v to_o that_o exigent_n which_o may_v determine_v of_o the_o controversy_n before_o they_o come_v to_o blow_n &_o conclude_v the_o matter_n by_o term_n of_o art_n take_v from_o the_o direction_n of_o good_a providence_n for_o to_o speak_v a_o truth_n flood_n the_o action_n of_o battle_n as_o it_o be_v the_o last_o part_n in_o that_o faculty_n so_o it_o be_v the_o worst_a in_o regard_n of_o christian_n duty_n and_o better_a fit_v the_o progeny_n of_o lamech_v his_o second_o wife_n which_o the_o divine_n do_v note_n to_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n than_o the_o child_n of_o grace_n who_o joy_n consist_v in_o peace_n and_o love_n caesar_n in_o the_o first_o of_o the_o civil_a war_n respect_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o from_o other_o ground_n for_o have_v shut_v up_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o may_v have_v cut_v they_o off_o without_o further_a trouble_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o foresee_v the_o victory_n come_v towards_o he_o without_o blow_n or_o wound_n he_o thus_o answer_v his_o captain_n that_o be_v earnest_a upon_o the_o enemy_n cur_n etiam_fw-la secundo_fw-la praelio_fw-la aliquos_fw-la ex_fw-la suis_fw-la amitteret_fw-la cur_n vulnerari_fw-la pateretur_fw-la optime_fw-la de_fw-la se_fw-la meritos_fw-la milites_fw-la cur_n denique_fw-la fortunam_fw-la periclitaretur_fw-la and_o this_o course_n do_v these_o gall_n take_v which_o under_o sertorius_n have_v learn_v the_o roman_a art_n and_o the_o roman_a industry_n and_o be_v now_o become_v so_o expert_a that_o they_o have_v almost_o beat_v the_o roman_n at_o their_o own_o weapon_n this_o first_o mean_n be_v principal_o to_o be_v embrace_v as_o the_o safe_a way_n in_o these_o uncertain_a and_o casual_a evente_n for_o that_o which_o rest_v upon_o corporal_a strength_n and_o make_v execution_n the_o mean_n to_o a_o conclusion_n be_v very_o terrible_a even_o to_o the_o better_a party_n full_a of_o hazard_n and_o of_o little_a certainty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o miracle_n of_o fortune_n never_o hear_v of_o yet_o so_o to_o carry_v a_o battle_n upon_o what_o advantage_n or_o mean_n whatsoever_o that_o the_o victor_n army_n shall_v buy_v so_o great_a a_o fortune_n without_o bloodshed_n or_o loss_n of_o man_n and_o erect_v a_o trophy_n to_o honour_n at_o the_o sole_a cost_n of_o the_o enemy_n without_o loss_n or_o expense_n of_o his_o own_o treasure_n and_o for_o the_o uncertainty_n in_o a_o battle_n who_o know_v not_o what_o infinite_a chance_n and_o change_n may_v happen_v in_o every_o small_a moment_n of_o time_n to_o turn_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n to_o this_o or_o that_o party_n and_o make_v both_o side_n unconstant_a in_o their_o affection_n by_o present_v they_o interchangeable_o with_o hope_n and_o fear_n joy_n and_o sorrow_n and_o therefore_o caesar_n think_v it_o not_o best_o to_o tempt_v the_o waie-wardnes_a of_o fortune_n when_o by_o other_o mean_v he_o may_v obtain_v his_o desire_n this_o i_o say_v be_v chief_o to_o be_v embrace_v if_o our_o mean_n will_v afford_v we_o that_o happiness_n but_o howsoever_o i_o hold_v it_o wisdom_n so_o to_o entertain_v this_o course_n of_o victory_n that_o we_o omit_v not_o the_o chief_a help_n of_o furtherance_n when_o it_o come_v to_o blow_n but_o to_o think_v of_o this_o conquest_n by_o art_n and_o wit_n as_o necessary_a if_o our_o mean_n will_v serve_v we_o to_o compass_v it_o and_o of_o the_o other_o as_o necessary_a whether_o we_o will_v or_o no_o for_o the_o history_n make_v it_o plain_a that_o when_o brutus_n find_v himself_o destitute_a of_o mean_n to_o undertake_v that_o course_n of_o victory_n which_o proceed_v from_o providence_n and_o discreet_a carriage_n he_o than_o betake_v himself_o necessary_o to_o the_o latter_a and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o battle_n seek_v to_o free_v himself_o from_o those_o disadvantage_n into_o which_o the_o gall_n have_v bring_v he_o the_o three_o observation_n i_o observe_v further_o out_o of_o this_o place_n advantage_n that_o what_o course_n soever_o be_v take_v a_o discreet_a leader_n will_v not_o easy_o forgo_v a_o advantage_n without_o great_a assurance_n of_o a_o better_a fortune_n nor_o change_v the_o certainty_n of_o a_o benefit_n upon_o probability_n of_o other_o hope_n until_o it_o have_v pay_v he_o the_o interest_n of_o his_o expectation_n and_o wrought_v that_o effect_n which_o it_o promise_v to_o perform_v for_o so_o he_o may_v forgo_v his_o fortune_n by_o presume_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o favour_n of_o future_a chance_n which_o be_v often_o see_v to_o cross_v our_o purpose_n rather_o than_o to_o further_o the_o way_n which_o be_v take_v the_o four_o observation_n fvrth_o i_o observe_v this_o double_a battle_n to_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o paucity_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n for_o their_o usual_a manner_n be_v to_o make_v a_o triple_a battle_n that_o the_o first_o may_v have_v a_o second_o and_o a_o three_o help_n but_o where_o their_o number_n will_v not_o afford_v that_o commodity_n they_o then_o make_v two_o battle_n that_o there_o may_v be_v the_o succour_n of_o a_o second_o supply_v but_o they_o never_o fight_v with_o one_o single_a battle_n for_o aught_o that_o may_v be_v gather_v by_o their_o history_n the_o five_o observation_n the_o last_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v battle_n be_v the_o place_n where_o crassus_n bestow_v the_o auxiliarie_n force_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o his_o troop_n to_o battle_n which_o be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v in_o mediam_fw-la aciem_fw-la for_o as_o their_o army_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o battle_n so_o every_o battle_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o two_o cornet_n and_o the_o battle_n wherein_o these_o auxiliarie_n force_n be_v in_o this_o service_n bestow_v of_o these_o he_o afterward_o say_v that_o in_o as_o much_o as_o he_o dare_v not_o put_v any_o confidence_n in_o they_o he_o command_v they_o to_o serve_v the_o roman_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n with_o stone_n and_o weapon_n and_o to_o carry_v earth_n and_o turf_n to_o the_o mount_n the_o reason_n why_o suspect_a troop_n be_v place_v in_o the_o battle_n rather_o than_o in_o either_o of_o the_o cornet_n be_v for_o that_o the_o battle_n have_v not_o such_o scope_n to_o fling_v out_o or_o take_v advantage_n of_o place_n to_o do_v
mischief_n as_o the_o corner_n have_v for_o wheresoever_o there_o have_v be_v set_v battle_n fight_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o army_n consist_v always_o in_o the_o cornet_n as_o the_o two_o principal_a instrument_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o as_o long_o as_o these_o stand_v sound_a the_o victory_n go_v always_o certain_a on_o that_o part_n for_o the_o cornet_n keep_v the_o enemy_n both_o from_o encompass_v about_o the_o body_n of_o their_o army_n and_o have_v the_o advantage_n also_o of_o charge_v upon_o the_o open_a side_n of_o their_o adversary_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n hannibal_n put_v the_o weak_a of_o his_o force_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o advance_v they_o towards_o the_o enemy_n leave_v the_o two_o cornet_n behind_o so_o that_o when_o the_o enemy_n come_v to_o charge_v upon_o the_o battle_n they_o easy_o beat_v they_o back_o and_o as_o they_o follow_v the_o retreat_n fall_v in_o between_o the_o two_o cornet_n wherein_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o army_n consist_v and_o be_v by_o they_o encompass_v on_o each_o side_n be_v defeat_v and_o overthrow_v and_o thus_o we_o see_v the_o advantage_n which_o a_o general_n have_v when_o his_o two_o cornet_n stand_v firm_a although_o the_o battle_n shrink_v in_o the_o encounter_n hannibal_n in_o the_o battle_n he_o have_v with_o scipio_n in_o africa_n place_v the_o stranger_n in_o the_o front_n and_o in_o the_o rearward_n according_a peradventure_o as_o he_o find_v their_o number_n and_o the_o use_n of_o their_o arm_n which_o be_v circumstance_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o this_o case_n and_o depend_v rather_o upon_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o general_a then_o of_o any_o prescription_n that_o can_v be_v give_v in_o this_o matter_n chap._n xi_o crassus_n take_v the_o camp_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o with_o their_o overthrow_n end_v that_o war_n crassus_n understand_v their_o drift_n caesar_n and_o find_v his_o man_n willing_a to_o set_v upon_o their_o camp_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n and_o to_o the_o contentment_n of_o all_o man_n go_v direct_o to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v lodge_v and_o as_o some_o begin_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o ditch_n and_o other_o with_o cast_v weapon_n to_o beat_v the_o gall_n from_o the_o rampire_n he_o command_v the_o auxiliarie_n force_n of_o who_o he_o have_v no_o great_a assurance_n to_o bring_v stone_n and_o weapon_n to_o the_o soldier_n that_o fight_v and_o to_o carry_v earth_n and_o turf_n to_o the_o mount_n that_o so_o they_o may_v make_v a_o show_n of_o fight_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o the_o enemy_n begin_v valiant_o to_o make_v resistance_n and_o to_o cast_v their_o weapon_n from_o the_o high_a ground_n to_o the_o great_a hurt_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n the_o horseman_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n ride_v about_o the_o camp_n of_o the_o gall_n bring_v word_n to_o crassus_n that_o the_o rampire_n at_o the_o decumane_a port_n be_v not_o fortify_v with_o such_o diligence_n as_o they_o find_v it_o in_o other_o place_n but_o will_v admit_v a_o easy_a entrance_n crassus_n deal_v earnest_o with_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o horse_n to_o encourage_v their_o man_n with_o great_a promise_n and_o reward_n and_o instruct_v they_o what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v they_o according_a to_o their_o instruction_n take_v four_o cohort_n that_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o camp_n and_o carry_v they_o a_o further_a way_n about_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o enemy_n while_o all_o man_n eye_n and_o mind_n be_v intent_n upon_o the_o fight_n they_o speedy_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fortification_n which_o the_o horseman_n have_v find_v to_o be_v weak_a which_o be_v easy_o break_v down_o they_o have_v enter_v the_o camp_n before_o the_o enemy_n can_v well_o tell_v what_o be_v do_v and_o then_o a_o great_a clamour_n &_o shout_n be_v hear_v about_o that_o place_n the_o roman_a legion_n renew_v their_o force_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o always_o in_o hope_n of_o victory_n begin_v to_o charge_v they_o a_o fresh_a with_o great_a fury_n the_o gall_n be_v circumvent_v on_o each_o side_n and_o despair_v of_o their_o safety_n cast_v themselves_o over_o the_o rampire_n seek_v by_o flight_n to_o escape_v the_o danger_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o country_n be_v open_a and_o champion_n the_o horseman_n pursue_v they_o with_o that_o execution_n that_o of_o 50000_o there_o scarce_o remain_v the_o four_o part_n the_o observation_n from_o this_o place_n brancatio_n take_v occasion_n to_o dispute_v secundo_fw-la how_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v strong_o encamp_v and_o for_o some_o advantage_n will_v not_o remove_v may_v be_v dislodge_v whether_o he_o will_v or_o no._n a_o point_n of_o great_a consequence_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n and_o therefore_o deserve_v due_a consideration_n concern_v which_o he_o lay_v this_o down_o for_o a_o maxim_n that_o all_o fort_n and_o strong_a hold_n be_v take_v by_o the_o foot_n and_o that_o camp_n and_o lodging_n be_v take_v by_o the_o head_n by_o which_o be_v mean_v that_o he_o who_o purpose_v to_o win_v a_o fortress_n well_o man_v and_o provide_v must_v first_o get_v the_o foot_n and_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o ditch_n and_o then_o seize_v himself_o upon_o the_o rampire_n and_o so_o get_v the_o place_n for_o he_o say_v that_o mount_v and_o eminent_a elevation_n be_v of_o little_a use_n against_o fortress_n or_o sconce_n unless_o they_o overtop_v they_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o prevent_v by_o raise_v the_o parapet_n of_o the_o fortress_n in_o front_n and_o the_o curtain_n in_o flank_n according_a as_o the_o enemy_n shall_v carry_v his_o mount_n aloft_o and_o so_o they_o shall_v never_o come_v to_o overtop_v the_o hold_n but_o all_o camp_n and_o lodging_n be_v take_v by_o the_o head_n that_o be_v by_o mount_n and_o elevation_n which_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o height_n command_v the_o champion_n for_o he_o hold_v it_o impossible_a to_o raise_v a_o mount_n within_o the_o camp_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n to_o contest_v that_o which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v make_v without_o this_o foundation_n be_v lay_v he_o proceed_v to_o discover_v a_o way_n how_o to_o raise_v a_o mount_n maugre_o the_o enemy_n which_o shall_v dislodge_v they_o by_o force_n of_o artillery_n or_o murder_v they_o all_o within_o their_o trench_n and_o this_o he_o take_v from_o caesar_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o gergobia_n gallico_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n consist_v in_o a_o double_a ditch_n run_v like_a unto_o the_o line_n which_o the_o geometrician_n call_v helicall_a by_o this_o double_a ditch_n he_o make_v his_o approach_n to_o any_o place_n of_o most_o advantage_n where_o he_o may_v in_o a_o night_n raise_v a_o mount_n high_a enough_o for_o the_o ordinance_n to_o play_v upon_o any_o quarter_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o censure_n of_o this_o practice_n i_o refer_v to_o our_o judicious_a soldier_n which_o may_v if_o it_o please_v they_o take_v a_o better_a view_n of_o the_o particularity_n of_o this_o stratagem_n in_o brancatio_n himself_o this_o much_o i_o dare_v affirm_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o these_o work_n that_o they_o be_v of_o high_a esteem_n among_o the_o roman_n when_o daily_a experience_n and_o exigent_n of_o hazard_n have_v teach_v to_o find_v out_o the_o ready_a mean_n both_o for_o security_n and_o victory_n and_o if_o our_o soldier_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o taste_v the_o commodity_n of_o these_o work_n either_o by_o persuasion_n or_o impulsion_n it_o be_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o warlike_a practice_n but_o our_o man_n have_v rather_o fly_v upon_o desperate_a adventure_n and_o seek_v victory_n in_o the_o jaw_n of_o death_n then_o to_o clear_v all_o hazard_n with_o pain_n and_o diligence_n chap._n xii_o caesar_n undertake_v the_o war_n with_o the_o menapij_n and_o morini_n at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o caesar_n although_o the_o summer_n be_v almost_o at_o a_o end_n yet_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o gallia_n be_v in_o peace_n and_o the_o terovine_n morini_n only_o with_o the_o gueldres_n menapij_n stand_v out_o in_o arm_n and_o have_v never_o either_o send_v ambassador_n or_o otherwise_o treat_v of_o peace_n caesar_n think_v that_o war_n may_v quick_o be_v end_v lead_v his_o army_n into_o their_o country_n at_o his_o come_n he_o find_v they_o to_o carry_v the_o war_n far_o otherwise_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gall_n have_v do_v for_o understand_v that_o the_o great_a nation_n of_o gallia_n which_o have_v wage_v battle_n with_o the_o roman_n be_v beat_v and_o overthrow_v and_o have_v whole_a continent_n of_o wood_n and_o bog_n in_o their_o territory_n they_o convey_v both_o themselves_o and_o their_o good_n into_o those_o quarter_n caesar_n come_v to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o wood_n begin_v to_o fortify_v his_o camp_n not_o discover_v any_o enemy_n near_o about_o he_o but_o as_o his_o man_n be_v disperse_v in_o
island_n can_v afford_v and_o although_o it_o can_v furnish_v such_o a_o competent_a number_n as_o may_v seem_v in_o some_o sort_n sufficient_a yet_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o enemy_n arrival_n will_v require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v lodge_v either_o upon_o or_o near_o the_o place_n of_o danger_n many_o day_n at_o least_o if_o not_o many_o week_n before_o the_o instant_n of_o their_o attempt_n which_o will_v exhaust_v a_o great_a mass_n of_o treasure_n then_o can_v be_v well_o afford_v by_o the_o state_n second_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o all_o our_o land_a place_n be_v of_o such_o disadvantage_n for_o the_o defendantes_n that_o it_o be_v no_o safety_n at_o all_o to_o make_v head_n against_o he_o at_o the_o land_n for_o in_o asmuch_o as_o such_o place_n be_v open_a and_o plain_a they_o yield_v no_o commodity_n to_o shelter_v the_o defendantes_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o artillery_n wherewith_o the_o enemy_n will_v plentifullie_o furnish_v their_o long_a boat_n and_o land_n vessel_z which_o beat_v upon_o the_o beach_n for_o most_o of_o our_o land_a place_n be_v of_o that_o quality_n will_v so_o scatter_v they_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o inconvenience_n thereof_o the_o third_o objection_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o disparity_n both_o of_o number_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o force_n of_o either_o party_n for_o the_o first_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o defendantes_n be_v to_o guard_n so_o many_o place_n at_o once_o can_v furnish_v such_o number_n to_o every_o particular_a place_n for_o defence_n as_o the_o assailant_n may_v for_o offence_n concern_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o force_n it_o be_v without_o question_n that_o a_o great_a and_o potent_a prince_n for_o such_o a_o one_o it_o must_v be_v that_o undertake_v to_o invade_v the_o territory_n of_o so_o absolute_a and_o well_o obey_v a_o princess_n as_o her_o majesty_n be_v will_v draw_v out_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o soldiery_n wheresoever_o beside_o the_o gallant_a troop_n of_o voluntary_n which_o do_v common_o attend_v such_o service_n now_o these_o be_v thus_o qualify_v and_o draw_v into_o one_o head_n and_o be_v to_o make_v as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o body_n how_o can_v it_o be_v reasonable_o imagine_v the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o attempt_n be_v uncertain_a that_o the_o defendant_n shall_v equal_v they_o with_o force_n of_o like_a virtue_n and_o experience_n these_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o disadvantage_n which_o they_o have_v that_o go_v about_o to_o oppose_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n the_o rest_n that_o have_v be_v urge_v by_o such_o as_o maintain_v this_o opinion_n be_v either_o impertinent_a to_o the_o question_n or_o take_v altogether_o from_o false_a ground_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o answer_n of_o these_o reason_n i_o will_v lay_v this_o down_o for_o a_o principle_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o foreign_a prince_n how_o puissant_a soever_o to_o make_v such_o a_o preparation_n as_o shall_v be_v fit_v to_o invade_v a_o state_n so_o populous_a and_o respective_a of_o their_o soveragine_n notwithstanding_o the_o pretence_n devise_v to_o dissemble_v the_o same_o but_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v discover_v before_o it_o can_v be_v make_v able_a to_o put_v any_o thing_n in_o execution_n which_o i_o may_v enlarge_v by_o particularise_v the_o infinite_a equipage_n which_o be_v require_v for_o so_o great_a a_o fleet_n but_o i_o will_v rest_v myself_o in_o the_o example_n of_o the_o year_n 88_o which_o prove_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o pretend_a invasion_n before_o it_o can_v come_v to_o execution_n concern_v therefore_o the_o first_o objection_n it_o can_v indeed_o be_v deny_v but_o the_o place_n of_o the_o enemy_n land_v will_v be_v doubtful_a objection_n and_o therefore_o our_o care_n must_v general_o extend_v itself_o to_o all_o place_n of_o access_n but_o that_o our_o defensive_a force_n be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o a_o competent_a manner_n to_o guard_v all_o such_o place_n according_a as_o the_o necessity_n of_o they_o shall_v require_v that_o be_v the_o point_n in_o question_n to_o prove_v that_o our_o force_n be_v sufficient_a we_o must_v necessary_o enter_v into_o particularity_n wherein_o i_o will_v take_v kent_n for_o a_o precedent_n as_o not_o altogether_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o state_n thereof_o which_o if_o i_o deceive_v not_o myself_o be_v a_o shore_n of_o as_o large_a extension_n upon_o the_o maritimate_a part_n as_o any_o other_o within_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o breadth_n thereof_o enlarge_n itself_o from_o the_o point_n of_o nesse_n by_o lyd_n which_o be_v the_o uttermost_a skirt_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o sussex_n unto_o margate_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o essex_n be_v by_o computation_n about_o twenty_o four_o mile_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o large_a circuit_n who_o know_v not_o that_o the_o six_o part_n thereof_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o land_n of_o such_o a_o enemy_n as_o we_o speak_v of_o partly_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o hugeness_n of_o the_o cliff_n which_o do_v enclose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o skirt_n and_o partly_o in_o regard_n that_o much_o of_o that_o quantity_n which_o may_v be_v land_v upon_o have_v such_o eminent_a and_o difficult_a place_n near_o adjoin_v as_o a_o army_n that_o shall_v put_v itself_o there_o on_o shore_n shall_v find_v itself_o be_v oppose_v but_o by_o a_o small_a force_n so_o straiten_v as_o they_o will_v not_o easy_o find_v a_o way_n out_o without_o apparent_a ruin_n of_o their_o whole_a force_n further_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o general_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o kent_n there_o be_v so_o many_o rock_n shelf_n flat_n and_o other_o impediment_n that_o a_o navy_n of_o great_a ship_n can_v have_v no_o commodity_n to_o anchor_n near_o the_o shore_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o coast_n lie_v so_o open_a to_o the_o weather_n that_o the_o least_o gale_n of_o wind_n will_v put_v they_o from_o their_o anchor_n all_o which_o particularity_n due_o consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o large_a skirt_n of_o kent_n will_v afford_v a_o far_o lesser_a part_n fit_v for_o the_o land_n of_o a_o army_n than_o be_v think_v of_o at_o the_o first_o and_o be_v it_o that_o so_o public_a a_o treatise_n as_o this_o be_v will_v admit_v with_o good_a discretion_n such_o a_o exact_a relation_n as_o fall_v within_o my_o knowledge_n concern_v this_o point_n i_o will_v undertake_v to_o make_v it_o so_o evident_a by_o the_o particular_a description_n both_o of_o the_o number_n quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o place_n themselves_o as_o no_o man_n of_o a_o indifferent_a judgement_n will_v imagine_v our_o force_n to_o be_v insufficient_a to_o afford_v every_o of_o they_o such_o a_o safe_a and_o sure_a guard_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v requisite_a for_o the_o same_o but_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v unfitting_a to_o give_v such_o particular_a satisfaction_n in_o this_o public_a discourse_n give_v i_o leave_v submit_v myself_o always_o to_o better_a judgement_n to_o give_v a_o general_a taste_n of_o that_o mean_n as_o will_v secure_v all_o place_n with_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o man_n have_v show_v you_o before_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o maritimat_fw-la part_n of_o kent_n i_o will_v observe_v this_o order_n first_o to_o make_v a_o triple_a division_n of_o all_o such_o force_n as_o shall_v be_v appoint_v for_o this_o service_n as_o for_o example_n i_o will_v suppose_v the_o number_n to_o be_v 12000_o of_o which_o i_o will_v lodge_v 3000._o about_o the_o point_n of_o nesse_n and_o 3000._o about_o margate_n &_o 6000._o about_o foulkston_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o centre_n for_o my_o great_a care_n shall_v be_v so_o to_o dispose_v of_o they_o as_o they_o may_v not_o only_o succour_v one_o a_o other_o in_o the_o same_o shire_n but_o as_o every_o shire_n border_v one_o upon_o a_o other_o so_o they_o shall_v mutual_o give_v help_v one_o unto_o a_o other_o as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v as_o if_o the_o enemy_n shall_v attempt_v a_o land_n about_o nesse_n not_o only_o the_o 6000._o lodge_v as_o before_o shall_v march_v to_o their_o succour_n but_o such_o also_o of_o the_o sussex_n force_v as_o be_v near_o unto_o that_o part_n and_o so_o likewise_o of_o the_o rest_n by_o which_o you_o may_v see_v how_o great_a a_o force_n will_v in_o few_o hour_n be_v assemble_v for_o the_o renforce_n of_o any_o of_o these_o out_o skirt_n and_o the_o rather_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o whole_a force_n be_v thus_o lodge_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o shire_n which_o be_v near_o to_o all_o part_n then_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoever_o there_o will_v also_o in_o the_o quarter_a of_o they_o a_o especial_a care_n be_v have_v
unto_o he_o the_o rest_n neglect_v it_o these_o war_n be_v thus_o end_v upon_o the_o relation_n of_o caesar_n letter_n the_o senate_n decree_v a_o supplication_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 20_o day_n observation_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o commentary_n we_o read_v of_o a_o supplication_n grant_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o 15_o day_n which_o be_v never_o grant_v to_o any_o man_n before_o that_o time_n since_o the_o first_o building_n of_o the_o city_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o in_o this_o four_o year_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n it_o be_v augment_v from_o 15_o unto_o 20_o day_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o refer_v the_o handle_n thereof_o unto_o this_o place_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o understand_v that_o whensoever_o a_o roman_a general_n have_v carry_v himself_o well_o in_o the_o war_n by_o gain_v a_o victory_n or_o enlarge_n the_o bound_n of_o their_o empire_n that_o then_o the_o senate_n do_v decree_v a_o supplication_n to_o the_o god_n in_o the_o name_n of_o that_o captain_n and_o this_o dignity_n be_v much_o seek_v after_o not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a honour_n that_o in_o their_o name_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o god_n shall_v be_v open_v and_o their_o victory_n acknowledge_v with_o the_o concourse_n and_o gratulation_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n but_o also_o because_o a_o supplication_n be_v common_o the_o forerunner_n of_o a_o triumph_n which_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n in_o the_o roman_a government_n cicero_n and_o therefore_o cato_n name_v it_o the_o prerogative_n of_o a_o triumph_n and_o livy_n in_o his_o 26_o book_n say_v that_o it_o be_v long_o dispute_v on_o in_o the_o senate_n how_o they_o can_v deny_v one_o that_o be_v there_o present_a to_o triumph_v who_o absence_n they_o have_v honour_v with_o supplication_n and_o thanksgiving_n to_o the_o god_n for_o thing_n happy_o effect_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o ceremony_n be_v that_o after_o the_o magistrate_n have_v public_o proclaim_v it_o with_o this_o form_n or_o stile_n quod_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o faeciliter_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la administrasset_fw-la the_o roman_a people_n clothe_v in_o white_a garment_n and_o crown_v with_o garland_n go_v to_o all_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n and_o there_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o gratulate_v the_o victory_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o general_n in_o which_o time_n they_o be_v forbid_v all_o other_o business_n but_o that_o which_o pertain_v to_o this_o solemnity_n it_o seem_v that_o this_o time_n of_o supplication_n be_v at_o first_o include_v within_o one_o or_o two_o day_n at_o the_o most_o as_o appear_v by_o livy_n in_o his_o three_o book_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o victory_n gain_v by_o two_o several_a battle_n be_v spiteful_o shut_v up_o by_o the_o senate_n in_o one_o day_n supplication_n the_o people_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n keep_v the_o next_o day_n holy_a and_o celebrate_v it_o with_o great_a devotion_n than_o the_o former_a upon_o the_o victory_n which_o camillus_n have_v against_o the_o veij_n there_o be_v grant_v four_o day_n of_o supplication_n to_o which_o there_o be_v afterward_o a_o day_n add_v which_o be_v the_o usual_a time_n of_o supplication_n unto_o the_o time_n that_o pompey_n end_v the_o war_n which_o they_o call_v mithridaticum_n when_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o five_o day_n be_v double_v and_o make_v 10_o and_o in_o the_o second_o of_o these_o commentary_n make_v 15_o and_o now_o bring_v to_o 20_o day_n which_o set_v forth_o the_o incitement_n and_o reward_n of_o well_o do_v which_o the_o roman_n propound_v both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o to_o such_o as_o endeavour_v to_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n or_o manage_v a_o charge_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o four_o commentary_n the_o five_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n which_o caesar_n make_v in_o gallia_n the_o argument_n caesar_n cause_v a_o great_a navy_n to_o be_v build_v in_o gallia_n he_o carry_v 5_o legion_n into_o brittany_n where_o he_o make_v war_n with_o the_o britain_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n thames_n at_o his_o return_n into_o gallia_n most_o of_o the_o gall_n revolt_v and_o first_o the_o eburones_n under_o the_o conduction_n of_o ambiorix_n set_v upon_o the_o camp_n of_o q._n titurius_n the_o legate_n who_o they_o circumvent_v by_o subtlety_n and_o then_o besiege_v the_o camp_n of_o cicero_n but_o be_v put_v by_o and_o their_o army_n overthrow_v by_o caesar_n chap._n i._n caesar_n return_v into_o gallia_n find_v there_o great_a store_n of_o ship_v make_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o command_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o haven_n iccius_n lucius_n domitius_n caesar_n and_o appius_n claudius_n be_v consul_n caesar_n at_o his_o go_v into_o italy_n give_v order_n to_o the_o legate_n to_o build_v as_o many_o ship_n that_o winter_n as_o possible_o they_o can_v command_v they_o to_o be_v build_v of_o a_o low_a pitch_n than_o those_o which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n for_o the_o speedy_a lade_n &_o unlade_v of_o they_o and_o because_o the_o tide_n in_o these_o sea_n be_v very_o great_a and_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v to_o transport_v great_a store_n of_o horse_n he_o command_v they_o to_o be_v make_v flatter_v in_o the_o bottom_n they_o such_o as_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o place_n and_o all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o use_n of_o oar_n to_o which_o purpose_n their_o low_a building_n serve_v very_o convenient_o other_o necessary_n and_o furniture_n for_o rig_v he_o give_v order_n to_o have_v it_o bring_v out_o of_o spain_n caesar_n after_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n in_o lombardie_n and_o that_o he_o set_v free_a illiricum_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o pirustae_n he_o return_v into_o gallia_n where_o he_o find_v 600_o ship_n build_v by_o the_o extraordinary_a industry_n of_o the_o soldier_n notwithstanding_o the_o penury_n and_o want_n of_o all_o necessary_a matter_n with_o 28_o galley_n ready_a furnish_v which_o in_o a_o few_o day_n may_v be_v launch_v have_v commend_v the_o soldier_n and_o overseer_n of_o the_o work_n he_o command_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o port_n call_v iccius_n from_o whence_o he_o know_v the_o passage_n into_o brittany_n be_v not_o above_o thirty_o mile_n over_o the_o observation_n this_o iccius_n portus_n floide_v think_v to_o be_v caleis_n other_o take_v it_o to_o be_v saint_n omer_n partly_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o very_o low_o have_v notwithstanding_o very_o high_a bank_n which_o encompass_v the_o town_n about_o and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v a_o very_a large_a haven_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o distance_n from_o this_o town_n to_o the_o next_o continent_n of_o the_o island_n of_o brittany_n which_o strabo_n make_v to_o contain_v 320_o stadia_fw-la which_o agree_v to_o the_o french_a computation_n of_o 13_o league_n caesar_n make_v it_o thirty_o mile_n this_o be_v the_o haven_n which_o pliny_n call_v britannicum_fw-la portum_fw-la morinorum_n chap._n ii_o caesar_n sail_v into_o brittany_n land_v his_o force_n and_o seek_v the_o enemy_n caesar_n have_v prepare_v all_o thing_n in_o readiness_n caesar_n he_o leave_v labienus_n in_o the_o continent_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o 2000_o horse_n both_o to_o keep_v the_o haven_n and_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n and_o also_o to_o observe_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o with_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o like_a number_n of_o horse_n as_o he_o leave_v in_o the_o continent_n about_o sunset_n he_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o soft_a south_n wind_n which_o continue_v until_o midnight_n and_o then_o cease_v he_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o tide_n until_o the_o morning_n when_o he_o perceive_v that_o the_o island_n lie_v on_o his_o left_a hand_n and_o again_o as_o the_o tide_n change_v he_o labour_v by_o row_v to_o reach_v that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n where_o he_o have_v find_v good_a land_v the_o year_n before_o wherein_o the_o soldier_n deserve_v great_a commendation_n for_o by_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o oar_n they_o make_v their_o great_a ship_n of_o burden_n to_o keep_v way_n with_o the_o galley_n about_o high_a noon_n they_o arrive_v in_o brittany_n with_o all_o their_o ship_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o enemy_n see_v in_o that_o place_n but_o as_o afterward_o caesar_n understand_v by_o the_o captive_n the_o britain_n be_v there_o with_o a_o great_a power_n but_o be_v terrify_v with_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o ship_v which_o they_o discover_v from_o the_o shore_n for_o there_o be_v in_o all_o above_o 800_o they_o forsake_v the_o shore_n and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o upland_n country_n caesar_n have_v land_v his_o man_n and_o choose_v a_o convenient_a place_n to_o encamp_v assoon_o as_o he_o understand_v by_o the_o captive_n where_o the_o enemy_n lay_v in_o
the_o ambari_fw-la complain_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o the_o same_o hostility_n and_o so_o do_v the_o allobroges_n which_o inhabit_v beyond_o the_o rhone_n caesar_n not_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o linger_v any_o long_o and_o understand_v that_o three_o part_n of_o their_o troop_n have_v already_o past_o the_o river_n arar_n and_o a_o four_o remain_v to_o be_v transport_v he_o think_v it_o not_o good_a to_o forslow_v that_o advantage_n and_o therefore_o at_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n he_o march_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n with_o three_o legion_n to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o lie_v and_o find_v they_o scatter_v and_o disperse_v zuricke_n he_o put_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o rest_n escape_v into_o the_o wood_n near_o adjoin_v this_o part_n that_o be_v thus_o defeat_v be_v name_v pagus_n tigurinus_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o defeat_n be_v chief_o a_o service_n of_o execution_n upon_o such_o as_o be_v take_v at_o a_o dangerous_a disadvantage_n which_o man_n call_v unaware_o contain_v these_o two_o advisoe_n first_o not_o to_o neglect_v that_o advantage_n which_o sertorius_n by_o the_o hair_n of_o his_o horse_n tail_n have_v prove_v to_o be_v very_o important_a that_o beginning_n with_o a_o part_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o no_o difficulty_n to_o overcome_v the_o whole_a second_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o caveat_n so_o to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o awater_o where_o the_o enemy_n be_v within_o a_o reasonable_a march_n that_o no_o part_n may_v be_v so_o sever_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n that_o advantage_n may_v thereby_o be_v take_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o all_o together_o and_o separate_v they_o from_o themselves_o the_o safe_a and_o most_o honourable_a way_n to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o a_o river_n be_v by_o a_o bridge_n place_v at_o each_o end_n sufficient_a troop_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o defend_v the_o army_n from_o sudden_a assault_n as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o water_n and_o thus_o go_v caesar_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o germany_n two_o several_a time_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n when_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v in_o the_o three_o watch_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o roman_n divide_v the_o whole_a night_n into_o four_o watch_n watch_n every_o watch_n contain_v three_o hour_n and_o these_o watch_n be_v distinguish_v by_o several_a note_n &_o sound_n of_o cornet_n or_o trumpet_n that_o by_o the_o distinction_n and_o diversity_n thereof_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v what_o watch_n be_v sound_v the_o charge_n &_o office_n of_o sound_v the_o watch_n belong_v to_o the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o a_o legion_n who_o they_o call_v primipilus_fw-la or_o primus_fw-la centurio_n at_o who_o pavilion_n the_o trumpeter_n attend_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o his_o hourglass_n the_o first_o watch_n begin_v always_o at_o sunne-setting_a and_o continue_v three_o hour_n i_o understand_v such_o hour_n as_o the_o night_n contain_v be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o for_o the_o roman_n divide_v their_o night_n as_o well_o as_o their_o day_n into_o twelve_o equal_a space_n which_o they_o call_v hour_n the_o second_o watch_n continue_v until_o midnight_n and_o then_o the_o three_o watch_n begin_v and_o contain_v likewise_o three_o hour_n the_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o rest_n and_o continue_v until_o sun_n rise_v so_o that_o by_o this_o phrase_n de_fw-fr tertia_fw-la vigilia_fw-la we_o understand_v that_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o three_o watch_n which_o be_v after_o midnight_n and_o so_o we_o must_v conceive_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o watch_n as_o often_o as_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o history_n cap._n v._n caesar_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n his_o horseman_n encounter_v with_o the_o helvetian_n and_o be_v put_v to_o the_o worst_a the_o helvetian_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n caesar_n caesar_n make_v haste_n to_o follow_v after_o and_o make_v a_o bridge_n he_o transport_v over_o his_o legion_n in_o one_o day_n which_o the_o helvetian_n can_v scarce_o do_v in_o twenty_o and_o send_v all_o his_o horse_n to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o thousand_o which_o he_o have_v raise_v in_o the_o province_n and_o among_o the_o hedui_n to_o discover_v what_o way_n the_o enemy_n take_v it_o happen_v that_o they_o fall_v so_o near_o upon_o the_o rearguard_n of_o the_o helvetian_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v battle_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v some_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o helvetian_n make_v insolent_a with_o this_o victory_n for_o as_o much_o as_o 500_o of_o their_o man_n have_v put_v to_o rout_n so_o great_a a_o multitude_n begin_v now_o bold_o to_o resist_v and_o sometime_o part_v of_o their_o rearward_n will_v violent_o assault_v the_o roman_a legion_n caesar_n hold_v his_o man_n from_o give_v battle_n think_v it_o sufffcient_a for_o the_o present_a to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o pillage_n forage_n and_o depopulation_n and_o so_o they_o march_v fifteen_o day_n together_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o there_o be_v not_o above_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n between_o the_o rearward_n of_o the_o helvetian_n and_o the_o vanguard_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o observation_n this_o example_n of_o the_o helvetian_n may_v lesson_n a_o commander_n not_o to_o wax_v insolent_a upon_o every_o overthrow_n which_o the_o enemy_n take_v but_o due_o to_o way_n the_o true_a cause_n of_o a_o victory_n get_v or_o a_o overthrow_n take_v that_o apprehend_v the_o right_a currant_n of_o the_o action_n he_o may_v neither_o vaunt_v of_o a_o blind_a victory_n nor_o be_v dismay_v at_o a_o casual_a mishap_n and_o herein_o let_v a_o heedful_a wariness_n so_o moderate_a the_o sequels_fw-fr of_o victory_n in_o a_o triumph_a spirit_n that_o the_o care_n and_o jealousy_n to_o keep_v still_o that_o sweet_a sound_a fame_n on_o foot_n may_v as_o far_o surpass_v the_o industry_n which_o he_o first_o use_v to_o obtain_v it_o as_o the_o continuance_n of_o happiness_n do_v exceed_v the_o beginning_n of_o good_a fortune_n for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n that_o although_o from_o her_o infancy_n even_o to_o the_o manhood_n of_o her_o age_n she_o never_o find_v want_n of_o that_o which_o she_o lust_v after_o yet_o when_o she_o meet_v with_o a_o counterbuff_n to_o check_v her_o appetite_n and_o restrain_v her_o affection_n from_o their_o satisfaction_n she_o be_v as_o much_o trouble_v in_o that_o want_n as_o if_o she_o have_v never_o receive_v any_o contentment_n at_o all_o for_o our_o will_n to_o every_o object_n which_o it_o seek_v after_o beget_v always_o a_o new_a appetite_n which_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o a_o former_a quittance_n but_o either_o seek_v present_a payment_n or_o return_v discontentment_n unto_o the_o mind_n and_o as_o our_o soul_n be_v of_o a_o everlasting_a be_v and_o can_v think_v of_o a_o end_n to_o her_o beginning_n so_o she_o seek_v a_o perpetual_a continuance_n of_o such_o thing_n which_o she_o lust_v after_o which_o he_o that_o mean_v to_o hold_v fortune_n his_o friend_n will_v endeavour_n to_o maintain_v chap._n vi_o caesar_n send_v to_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o so_o to_o give_v the_o helvetian_n battle_n but_o be_v put_v off_o by_o false_a intelligence_n the_o opportunity_n be_v lose_v he_o intend_v provision_n of_o corn_n caesar_n be_v advertise_v by_o his_o discoverer_n caesar_n that_o the_o helvetian_n lie_v under_o a_o hill_n about_o eight_o mile_n distant_a from_o his_o camp_n and_o understand_v that_o the_o ascent_n unto_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o further_a side_n from_o the_o enemy_n be_v ready_a and_o easy_a in_o the_o three_o watch_n he_o send_v labienus_n with_o two_o legion_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o say_a hill_n and_o he_o himself_o follow_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n in_o the_o four_o watch_n his_o direction_n to_o labienus_n be_v that_o assoon_o as_o he_o perceive_v he_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n below_o in_o the_o valley_n that_o then_o he_o shall_v descend_v with_o as_o violent_a a_o shock_n as_o he_o can_v and_o so_o the_o helvetian_n shall_v be_v charge_v both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_v at_o one_o instant_n but_o this_o intent_n be_v at_o that_o time_n frustrate_v through_o the_o causeless_a fear_n of_o one_o publius_n considius_n a_o man_n hold_v very_o skilful_a in_o matter_n of_o war_n for_o his_o experience_n first_o under_o silvius_n and_o afterward_o with_o crassus_n who_o be_v send_v by_o caesar_n to_o discover_v whether_o labienus_n have_v take_v the_o hill_n be_v strike_v with_o such_o a_o terror_n be_v so_o near_o a_o enemy_n of_o that_o fame_n that_o see_v the_o roman_a ensign_n display_v upon_o the_o
many_o strong_a and_o nimble_a footman_n who_o the_o horseman_n have_v select_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a host_n every_o man_n one_o for_o his_o safeguard_n these_o they_o have_v always_o at_o hand_n with_o they_o in_o battle_n and_o unto_o these_o they_o resort_v for_o succour_n if_o the_o horseman_n be_v overcharge_v these_o ever_o step_v into_o help_v they_o if_o any_o one_o be_v wound_v and_o unhorse_v they_o stand_v about_o he_o and_o succour_v he_o if_o the_o matter_n require_v either_o to_o adventure_v forward_o or_o to_o retire_v speedy_o back_o again_o their_o swiftness_n be_v such_o through_o continual_a exercise_n that_o hang_v on_o the_o horse_n main_a by_o the_o one_o hand_n they_o will_v run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o horse_n the_o observation_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a unto_o the_o soldier_n of_o our_o time_n that_o the_o footman_n shall_v be_v mingle_v pell_o mell_o among_o the_o horseman_n horseman_n without_o hurt_n and_o disadvantage_n to_o themselves_o so_o unlikely_a it_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v either_o succour_v the_o horseman_n in_o any_o danger_n or_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o some_o have_v imagine_v that_o these_o footman_n in_o the_o encounter_n cast_v themselves_o into_o one_o body_n and_o so_o charge_v the_o enemy_n assist_v the_o horseman_n but_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o place_n and_o of_o other_o which_o i_o will_v allege_v to_o this_o purpose_n plain_o evince_v that_o these_o footman_n be_v mingle_v indifferent_o among_o the_o horseman_n to_o assist_v every_o particular_a man_n as_o his_o fortune_n and_o occasion_n require_v and_o therefore_o the_o choice_n of_o these_o footman_n be_v permit_v to_o the_o horseman_n in_o who_o service_n they_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v that_o every_o man_n may_v take_v his_o friend_n in_o who_o he_o repose_v great_a confidence_n when_o they_o be_v overcharge_v these_o step_v in_o to_o help_v they_o if_o any_o man_n be_v wound_v or_o unhorse_v he_o have_v his_o footman_n ready_a to_o assist_v he_o and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o go_v upon_o any_o speedy_a service_n or_o sudden_o to_o retire_v upon_o advantage_n they_o stay_v themselves_o upon_o the_o main_a of_o the_o horse_n with_o one_o hand_n and_o so_o run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o horseman_n can_v go_v which_o service_n they_o can_v not_o possible_o have_v perform_v without_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n if_o the_o footman_n have_v not_o several_o attend_v upon_o they_o according_a to_o the_o affection_n specify_v in_o their_o particular_a election_n the_o principal_a use_n of_o these_o footman_n of_o the_o german_n consist_v in_o the_o aid_n of_o their_o own_o horseman_n upon_o any_o necessity_n not_o so_o much_o regard_v their_o service_n upon_o the_o enemy_n as_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o horseman_n but_o the_o roman_n have_v long_a before_o practise_v the_o same_o art_n to_o a_o more_o effectual_a purpose_n namely_o as_o a_o principal_a remedy_n not_o only_o to_o resist_v but_o to_o defeat_v far_o great_a troop_n of_o horse_n than_o the_o enemy_n be_v able_a to_o oppose_v against_o they_o whereof_o the_o most_o ancient_a memory_n which_o history_n mention_v be_v record_v by_o livy_n in_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n under_o the_o regiment_n of_o quintus_n fuluius_n the_o consul_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o all_o their_o conflict_n as_o the_o roman_a legion_n return_v with_o the_o better_a so_o their_o cavalry_n be_v always_o put_v to_o the_o worst_a &_o therefore_o they_o invent_v this_o mean_n to_o make_v that_o good_a by_o art_n which_o be_v want_v in_o force_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v take_v the_o choice_a young_a man_n both_o for_o strength_n &_o agility_n and_o to_o they_o be_v give_v little_a round_a buckler_n and_o seven_o dart_n apiece_o in_o steed_n of_o their_o other_o weapon_n these_o soldier_n practise_v to_o ride_v behind_o the_o horseman_n and_o speedy_o to_o light_v from_o the_o horse_n at_o a_o watchword_n give_v &_o so_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n on_o foot_n and_o when_o by_o exercise_n they_o be_v make_v so_o expert_a that_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o invention_n no_o whit_n affright_v they_o the_o roman_a horseman_n go_v forth_o to_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n every_o man_n carry_v his_o foot_n soldior_fw-la behind_o he_o who_o at_o the_o encounter_n sudden_o alightning_n charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o such_o a_o fury_n that_o they_o follow_v they_o in_o slaughter_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o capua_n and_o hence_o say_v livy_n grow_v the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o velite_n which_o ever_o after_o that_o time_n be_v enrol_v with_o the_o legion_n the_o author_n of_o this_o strategem_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v one_o q._n navius_n a_o centurion_n &_o be_v honourable_o reward_v by_o fuluius_n the_o consul_n for_o the_o same_o sallust_n in_o the_o history_n of_o jugurth_n say_v that_o marius_n mingle_v the_o velite_n with_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o associate_n ut_fw-la quacunque_fw-la invaderent_fw-la equitatus_fw-la hostium_fw-la propulsarent_fw-la the_o like_a practice_n be_v use_v by_o caesar_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o third_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n save_v that_o instead_o of_o the_o velite_n he_o mingle_v with_o his_o horseman_n 400._o of_o the_o lusty_a of_o his_o legionarie_a soldier_n to_o resist_v the_o cavalry_n of_o pompey_n while_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n genusum_n after_o the_o overthrow_n he_o have_v at_o dirrachium_n qui_fw-la tantum_fw-la profecere_fw-la say_v the_o text_n ut_fw-la equestri_fw-la praelio_fw-la commisso_fw-la pellerent_fw-la omnes_fw-la complures_fw-la interficerent_fw-la ipsique_fw-la incolumes_fw-la ad_fw-la agmen_fw-la se_fw-la reciperent_fw-la many_o other_o place_n may_v be_v recite_v but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o great_a captain_n of_o ancient_a time_n strengthen_v their_o cavalry_n with_o footman_n disperse_v among_o they_o 6._o the_o roman_a horseman_n say_v polybius_n at_o the_o first_o carry_v but_o a_o weak_a limber_a pole_n or_o staff_n and_o a_o little_a round_a buckler_n excid_n but_o afterward_o they_o use_v the_o furniture_n of_o the_o grecian_n which_o josephus_n affirm_v to_o be_v a_o strong_a lance_n or_o staff_n and_o three_o or_o four_o dart_n in_o a_o quiver_n with_o a_o buckler_n and_o a_o long_a sword_n by_o their_o right_a side_n the_o use_n of_o their_o lance_n be_v most_o effectual_a when_o they_o charge_v in_o troop_n pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n and_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n afford_v no_o mean_n to_o intermingle_v footman_n but_o when_o they_o use_v their_o dart_n every_o man_n get_v what_o advantage_n of_o ground_n he_o can_v as_o our_o carbins_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v and_o so_o the_o footman_n may_v have_v place_n among_o they_o or_o otherwise_o for_o so_o good_a a_o advantage_n they_o will_v easy_o make_v place_n for_o the_o footman_n to_o serve_v among_o they_o but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o appear_v by_o this_o circumstance_n how_o little_a the_o roman_n fear_v troop_n of_o horse_n consider_v that_o the_o best_a mean_n to_o defeat_v their_o horse_n be_v by_o their_o foot_n company_n but_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plain_a of_o many_o example_n i_o will_v only_o allege_v two_o the_o one_o out_o of_o livy_n 3._o to_o prove_v that_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v not_o comparable_a for_o service_n to_o footman_n africano_n the_o other_o out_o of_o hirtius_n to_o show_v the_o same_o effect_n against_o stranger_n and_o numidian_a horseman_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o l._n valerius_n and_o marcus_n horatius_n valerius_n have_v fortunatelie_o overthrow_v the_o equi_fw-la and_o the_o volsci_n horatius_n proceed_v with_o as_o great_a courage_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o sabine_n wherein_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o battle_n the_o sabine_n reserve_v 2000_o of_o their_o man_n to_o give_v a_o fresh_a assault_n upon_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o be_v in_o conflict_n which_o take_v such_o effect_n that_o the_o legionarie_a footman_n of_o that_o cornet_n be_v force_v to_o retreit_v which_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v in_o number_n 600._o perceive_v and_o not_o be_v able_a with_o their_o horse_n to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o present_o forsake_v their_o horse_n and_o make_v haste_n to_o make_v good_a the_o place_n on_o foot_n wherein_o they_o carry_v themselves_o so_o valiant_o that_o in_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n they_o give_v the_o like_a advantage_n to_o their_o footman_n against_o the_o sabine_n and_o they_o betake_v themselves_o again_o to_o their_o horse_n to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n in_o chase_n as_o they_o flee_v for_o the_o second_o point_n the_o numidian_n as_o caesar_n witness_v be_v the_o best_a horseman_n that_o ever_o he_o meet_v with_o and_o use_v the_o same_o art_n as_o the_o german_n do_v mingle_v among_o they_o light_a arm_a footman_n a_o
ambuscado_n of_o these_o numidian_n charge_v the_o legion_n upon_o a_o sudden_a the_o history_n say_v that_o primo_fw-la impetu_fw-la legionis_fw-la equitatus_fw-la &_o levis_fw-la armatura_fw-la hostium_fw-la nullo_fw-la negotio_fw-la loco_fw-la pulsa_fw-la &_o deiecta_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr coll_n and_o as_o they_o sometime_o retire_v and_o sometime_o charge_v upon_o the_o rerewarde_n of_o the_o army_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o numidian_a fight_n the_o history_n say_v caesariani_n interim_n non_fw-la amplius_fw-la tres_fw-la aut_fw-la quatuor_fw-la milites_fw-la veterani_fw-la si_fw-la se_fw-la convertissent_fw-la &_o pila_fw-la viribus_fw-la contorta_fw-la in_o numidas_n infestos_fw-la coniecissent_fw-la amplius_fw-la duorum_fw-la millium_fw-la ad_fw-la unum_fw-la terga_fw-la vertebant_fw-la so_o that_o to_o free_v himself_o of_o this_o inconvenience_n he_o take_v his_o horseman_n out_o of_o the_o rearward_n and_o place_v his_o legion_n there_o ita_fw-la vim_o hostium_fw-la per_fw-la legionarium_fw-la militem_fw-la commodius_fw-la sustinebat_fw-la and_o ever_o as_o he_o march_v he_o cause_v 300._o soldier_n of_o every_o legion_n to_o be_v free_a and_o without_o burden_n that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n quos_fw-la in_o equitum_fw-la labieni_fw-la immisit_fw-la tum_o labienus_n conversis_fw-la equis_fw-la signorum_fw-la conspectu_fw-la perterritus_fw-la turpissime_fw-la contendit_fw-la fugere_fw-la multis_fw-la eius_fw-la occisis_fw-la compluribus_fw-la vulneratis_fw-la milites_fw-la legionarij_fw-la ad_fw-la sua_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la signa_fw-la atque_fw-la iter_fw-la inceptum_fw-la ire_n caeperunt_fw-la i_o allege_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o history_n to_o take_v away_o all_o suspicion_n of_o falsify_v or_o wrest_v any_o thing_n to_o a_o affect_a opinion_n if_o any_o man_n will_v look_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disparity_n he_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o be_v chief_o the_o work_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n a_o unresistable_a weapon_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o horseman_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v cast_v with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fall_v so_o thick_a that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_n to_o avoid_v they_o but_o to_o make_v it_o plain_a that_o any_o light_a arm_a footman_n can_v better_a make_v head_n against_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n than_o the_o cavalry_n of_o their_o own_o party_n although_o they_o bear_v but_o the_o same_o weapon_n let_v we_o consider_v how_o nimble_a and_o ready_a they_o be_v that_o fight_v on_o foot_n either_o to_o take_v a_o advantage_n or_o to_o shun_v and_o avoid_v any_o danger_n cast_v their_o dart_n with_o far_o great_a strength_n and_o more_o certainty_n than_o the_o horseman_n can_v do_v for_o as_o the_o force_n of_o all_o the_o engine_n of_o old_a time_n as_o the_o balistae_fw-la catapultae_n and_o tolenones_n proceed_v from_o that_o stability_n and_o rest_a centre_n which_o nature_n afford_v as_o the_o only_a strength_n and_o life_n of_o the_o engine_n so_o what_o force_n soever_o a_o man_n make_v must_v principal_o proceed_v from_o that_o firmness_n &_o stay_n which_o nature_n by_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o other_o unmoveable_a rest_n give_v to_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o take_v more_o or_o less_o strength_n according_a to_o the_o violence_n which_o it_o perform_v as_o he_o that_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n from_o the_o ground_n by_o so_o much_o tread_v heavy_a upon_o the_o earth_n by_o how_o much_o the_o thing_n be_v heavy_a than_o his_o body_n the_o footman_n therefore_o have_v a_o sure_a stay_n to_o counterpoise_v their_o force_a motion_n than_o the_o horseman_n have_v cast_v their_o dart_n with_o great_a violence_n and_o consequent_o with_o more_o certainty_n chap._n xviii_o caesar_n prevent_v ariovistus_fw-la of_o his_o purpose_n by_o make_v two_o camp_n the_o superstition_n of_o the_o german_n when_o caesar_n perceive_v that_o ariovistus_fw-la mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o fight_v caesar_n but_o keep_v himself_o within_o his_o camp_n lest_o peradventure_o he_o shall_v intercept_v the_o sequani_n and_o other_o of_o his_o associate_n as_o they_o come_v with_o convoy_n of_o corn_n to_o the_o roman_n beyond_o that_o place_n wherein_o the_o german_n abode_n about_o 600_o pace_n from_o their_o camp_n he_o choose_v a_o ground_n meet_v to_o encamp_v in_o and_o march_v thither_o in_o three_o battle_n command_v two_o of_o they_o to_o stand_v ready_a in_o arm_n and_o the_o three_o to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n ariovistus_fw-la scent_n 15000_o footman_n and_o all_o his_o horse_n to_o disturb_v the_o soldier_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o entrenchment_n notwithstanding_o caesar_n as_o he_o have_v before_o determine_v cause_v two_o battle_n to_o withstand_v the_o enemy_n and_o the_o three_o to_o go_v through_o with_o the_o work_n which_o be_v end_v he_o leave_v there_o two_o legion_n and_o part_n of_o the_o associate_n force_n and_o lead_v the_o other_o four_o legion_n back_o again_o into_o his_o great_a camp_n and_o so_o he_o rest_v secure_a concern_v the_o convoy_n from_o the_o sequani_n and_o by_o his_o great_a camp_n cut_v off_o the_o passage_n between_o ariovistus_fw-la and_o the_o rhine_n the_o next_o day_n caesar_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n bring_v his_o whole_a power_n out_o of_o both_o his_o camp_n and_o march_v a_o little_a from_o the_o great_a camp_n he_o put_v his_o man_n in_o array_n and_o proffer_a battle_n to_o the_o enemy_n but_o perceive_v that_o ariovistus_fw-la will_v not_o stir_v out_o of_o his_o trench_n about_o noon_n he_o convey_v his_o army_n into_o their_o several_a camp_n then_o at_o length_n ariovistus_fw-la send_v part_n of_o his_o force_n to_o assault_v the_o lesser_a camp_n the_o encounter_n continue_v very_o sharp_a on_o both_o part_n until_o the_o evening_n and_o at_o sunset_a after_o many_o wound_n give_v and_o take_v ariovistus_fw-la convey_v his_o army_n again_o into_o their_o camp_n and_o as_o caesar_n make_v inquiry_n of_o the_o captain_n what_o the_o reason_n be_v that_o ariovistus_fw-la refuse_v battle_n he_o find_v this_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n the_o german_n have_v a_o custom_n that_o their_o woman_n shall_v by_o cast_v of_o lot_n and_o southsay_v declare_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o their_o behoof_n to_o fight_v or_o no_o and_o that_o they_o find_v by_o their_o art_n the_o german_n can_v not_o get_v the_o victory_n if_o they_o fight_v before_o the_o new_a moon_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v what_o especial_a importance_n this_o manner_n of_o encamp_v carry_v in_o that_o absolute_a discipline_n which_o the_o roman_n observe_v and_o by_o which_o they_o conquer_v so_o many_o nation_n for_o beside_o the_o safety_n which_o it_o afford_v their_o own_o troop_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o hold_v well_o fence_v and_o man_v or_o as_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a fortify_v town_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o they_o see_v advantage_n and_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o think_v it_o expedient_a either_o to_o fortify_v themselves_o or_o impeach_v the_o enemy_n by_o cut_v off_o his_o passage_n hinder_v his_o attempt_n block_v up_o his_o camp_n beside_o many_o other_o advantage_n all_o avetr_a the_o say_n of_o domitius_n corbulo_n dolabra_fw-la vincendum_fw-la esse_fw-la hostem_fw-la a_o thing_n long_a time_n neglect_v but_o of_o late_a happy_o renew_v by_o the_o commander_n of_o such_o force_n as_o serve_v the_o state_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o belgia_n who_o time_n and_o practice_v of_o the_o war_n have_v teach_v to_o entertain_v the_o use_n of_o the_o spade_n and_o to_o hold_v it_o in_o as_o great_a reputation_n as_o any_o weapon_n whatsoever_o which_o may_v be_v think_v worthy_a executioner_n of_o the_o deed_n of_o arm_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbarous_a for_o i_o understand_v the_o german_n to_o be_v as_o barbarous_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o religion_n as_o any_o know_a nation_n of_o that_o time_n be_v in_o a_o climate_n so_o near_o the_o north_n that_o it_o afford_v no_o contemplation_n at_o all_o that_o can_v not_o make_v use_n in_o their_o great_a affair_n of_o that_o superstition_n to_o which_o their_o mind_n be_v natural_o enthral_v and_o forge_v prophecy_n and_o divination_n as_o well_o to_o stir_v up_o as_o to_o moderate_v the_o irregular_a motion_n of_o a_o multitude_n according_a as_o they_o may_v best_o serve_v to_o advantage_v their_o proceed_n neither_o do_v caesar_n let_v slip_v the_o occasion_n of_o make_v use_n of_o this_o their_o religion_n for_o understanding_n by_o their_o prisoner_n that_o their_o divination_n forbid_v they_o to_o fight_v before_o the_o new_a moon_n he_o use_v all_o the_o mean_n he_o can_v to_o provoke_v they_o to_o battle_n that_o their_o religious_a opinion_n of_o mischieve_v might_n prejudice_n their_o resolution_n to_o return_v conqueror_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o superstitious_a people_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o inconvenience_n which_o industry_n or_o fortune_n may_v discover_v to_o
two_o cornet_n with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o soldier_n and_o place_v his_o weak_a in_o the_o midst_n that_o the_o roman_n follow_v the_o retreit_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o be_v easy_o repel_v may_v be_v enclose_v on_o each_o side_n with_o the_o two_o cornet_n chap._n xx._n the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o ariovistus_fw-la the_o sign_n of_o battle_n be_v no_o soon_o give_v but_o the_o roman_n charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n so_o fierce_o caesar_n as_o though_o they_o mean_v to_o give_v themselves_o the_o lie_n for_o seem_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o once_o conceive_v any_o fear_n of_o the_o german_n and_o the_o enemy_n on_o the_o other_o side_n return_v so_o speedy_a a_o counterbuff_n that_o the_o legion_n have_v no_o time_n to_o cast_v their_o pile_n and_o therefore_o they_o speedy_o betake_v they_o to_o their_o sword_n but_o the_o german_n put_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o manner_n into_o a_o phalanx_n receive_v the_o force_n of_o their_o sword_n without_o any_o danger_n or_o loss_n at_o all_o in_o the_o battle_n there_o be_v many_o legionarie_a soldier_n that_o be_v see_v to_o keep_v upon_o the_o phalanx_n &_o to_o pull_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n the_o target_n that_o cover_v it_o and_o so_o to_o wound_v &_o kill_v those_o that_o be_v underneath_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n they_o break_v &_o disperse_v it_o and_o so_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v overthrow_v &_o put_v to_o flight_n now_o while_o the_o right_a cornet_n be_v thus_o busy_v the_o left_a cornet_n be_v overcharge_v with_o a_o unequal_a multitude_n of_o the_o german_n which_o young_a crassus_n the_o perfect_a of_o the_o horseman_n no_o soon_o perceive_v have_v more_o scope_n and_o liberty_n than_o any_o of_o the_o commander_n that_o be_v in_o the_o battle_n he_o send_v tertiam_fw-la aciem_fw-la the_o three_o battle_n to_o rescue_v and_o aid_v their_o fellow_n that_o be_v in_o danger_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o fight_n be_v renew_v and_o all_o the_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o never_o look_v back_o until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o fight_v where_o some_o few_o of_o they_o save_v themselves_o by_o swim_v other_o find_v a_o few_o boat_n and_o so_o escape_v ariovistus_fw-la light_v upon_o a_o little_a bark_n tie_v to_o the_o shore_n with_o much_o a_o do_v recover_v the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o so_o save_v himself_o the_o rest_n be_v all_o slay_v by_o the_o horseman_n as_o caesar_n pursue_v the_o german_a horseman_n it_o be_v his_o chance_n to_o light_v upon_o valerius_n procillus_n as_o he_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o down_o by_o his_o keeper_n bind_v with_o three_o chain_n which_o accident_n be_v as_o grateful_a to_o he_o as_o the_o victory_n itself_o be_v so_o fortunate_a to_o recover_v his_o familiar_a friend_n who_o the_o barbarous_a enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v cast_v into_o prison_n &_o in_o his_o own_o presence_n have_v three_o several_a time_n cast_v lot_n upon_o his_o life_n whether_o he_o shall_v be_v then_o burn_v or_o reprive_v unto_o another_o time_n and_o still_o he_o be_v save_v by_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o lot_n and_o marcus_n titius_n be_v find_v in_o like_a manner_n and_o bring_v unto_o he_o the_o fame_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v carry_v beyond_o the_o rhine_n the_o suevi_fw-la that_o be_v come_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o rhine_n return_v home_o again_o who_o the_o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a river_n pursue_v and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o caesar_n have_v thus_o end_v two_o great_a war_n in_o one_o summer_n he_o bring_v his_o army_n into_o their_o winter_v camp_n somewhat_o soon_o than_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n require_v the_o first_o observation_n this_o phalanx_n here_o mention_v can_v hardly_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o right_a macedonian_a phalanx_n but_o we_o be_v rather_o to_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v so_o term_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o close_a and_o compact_a imbattail_v rather_o than_o in_o any_o other_o respect_n and_o it_o resemble_v much_o a_o testudo_fw-la as_o i_o say_v of_o the_o helvetian_a phalanx_n second_o i_o observe_v that_o caesar_n keep_v the_o old_a rule_n concern_v their_o discipline_n in_o fight_n for_o although_o the_o name_n of_o triaries_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o his_o history_n yet_o he_o omit_v not_o the_o substance_n which_o be_v to_o have_v primam_fw-la secundam_fw-la &_o tertiam_fw-la aciem_fw-la and_o that_o prima_fw-la acies_fw-la shall_v begin_v the_o battle_n and_o the_o second_o shall_v come_v fresh_a and_o assist_v they_o or_o peradventure_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v many_o and_o strong_a the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n be_v join_v together_o and_o so_o charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o great_a fury_n and_o violence_n but_o at_o all_o adventure_n the_o three_o battle_n be_v ever_o in_o subsidio_fw-la as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o succour_v any_o part_n that_o shall_v be_v overcharge_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o much_o consequence_n and_o of_o great_a wisdom_n for_o if_o we_o either_o respect_v the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o soldier_n or_o the_o casualty_n of_o fortune_n what_o can_v be_v more_o add_v to_o their_o discipline_n in_o this_o behalf_n then_o to_o have_v a_o second_o &_o a_o three_o succour_n to_o give_v strength_n to_o the_o faint_a weakness_n of_o their_o man_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o disadvantage_n which_o any_o accident_n shall_v cast_v upon_o they_o or_o if_o their_o valour_n be_v equal_o balance_v and_o victory_n stand_v doubtful_a which_o of_o the_o two_o party_n she_o shall_v honour_v these_o always_o step_v in_o be_v fresh_a against_o weary_a and_o over_o labour_v spirit_n and_o so_o draw_v victory_n in_o despite_n of_o casualty_n unto_o themselves_o the_o second_o observation_n concern_v use_n of_o lot_n lot_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o look_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o be_v in_o former_a time_n so_o general_a that_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n civil_a or_o barbarous_a but_o be_v direct_v in_o their_o great_a affair_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o lot_n as_o we_o may_v not_o refuse_v for_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o which_o solomon_n say_v the_o 16_o of_o proverb_n the_o lot_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o lap_n but_o the_o direction_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n through_o the_o knowledge_n whereof_o josua_n be_v direct_v to_o take_v achan_n the_o mariner_n jonas_n and_o the_o apostle_n to_o consecrate_v mathias_n so_o whether_o the_o heathen_a and_o barbarous_a people_n who_o blindness_n in_o the_o way_n of_o truth_n can_v direct_v they_o no_o further_o then_o to_o senseless_a superstition_n and_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o duty_n which_o they_o owe_v but_o can_v not_o tell_v they_o what_o it_o be_v nor_o how_o to_o be_v perform_v whether_o these_o i_o say_v be_v persuade_v that_o there_o be_v any_o supernatural_a power_n in_o their_o lottery_n which_o direct_v the_o action_n to_o the_o decree_n of_o destiny_n and_o as_o the_o god_n will_v have_v it_o it_o remain_v doubtful_a aristotle_n the_o wise_a of_o the_o heathen_a concern_v thing_n natural_a name_v that_o event_n casual_a or_o proceed_v from_o fortune_n of_o which_o the_o reason_n of_o man_n can_v assign_v no_o cause_n or_o as_o he_o say_v which_o have_v no_o cause_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o happen_v in_o any_o action_n beside_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o workman_n be_v term_v a_o effect_n of_o fortune_n or_o chance_n of_o habnab_n for_o all_o other_o effect_n which_o depend_v upon_o a_o certain_a and_o definite_a cause_n be_v necessary_o produce_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v casual_a or_o subject_a to_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o chance_n and_o because_o many_o and_o sundry_a such_o chance_n daily_o happen_v which_o like_o terrae_fw-la filii_fw-la have_v no_o father_n and_o can_v not_o be_v warrant_v as_o lawful_a child_n either_o to_o nature_n or_o to_o reason_n by_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o efficient_a cause_n they_o reduce_v they_o all_o to_o the_o power_n of_o fortune_n as_o the_o principal_a efficient_a and_o sovereign_a motor_n of_o all_o such_o unexpected_a event_n that_o be_v they_o make_v nothing_o else_o the_o governess_n and_o directress_n of_o many_o thing_n which_o afterward_o grow_v to_o such_o credit_n among_o man_n that_o it_o surpass_v in_o dignity_n all_o natural_a cause_n and_o be_v deify_v with_o celestial_a honour_n as_o the_o poet_n say_v nos_fw-la te_fw-la facimus_fw-la fortuna_fw-la deam_fw-la caeloque_fw-la locamus_fw-la by_o the_o providence_n of_o this_o blind_a goddess_n which_o hold_v her_o deity_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o man_n ignorance_n be_v all_o casual_a action_n direct_v and_o especial_o lot_n the_o event_n whereof_o depend_v only_o upon_o her_o pleasure_n and_o decree_n neither_o can_v
side_n of_o the_o rhine_n have_v promise_v to_o send_v they_o succour_v yea_o their_o madness_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o themselves_o be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v back_o the_o suessone_n from_o that_o attempt_n be_v their_o brethren_n and_o kinsman_n in_o blood_n and_o use_v the_o same_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o they_o do_v have_v both_o one_o magistrate_n and_o one_o form_n of_o government_n but_o they_o will_v needs_o support_v the_o same_o quarrel_n which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o belgae_n have_v undertake_v the_o observation_n i_o may_v here_o take_v occasion_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o a_o particular_a revoult_v in_o a_o general_a cause_n and_o how_o a_o confederate_a state_n may_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o own_o safety_n forsake_v a_o common_a quarrel_n or_o whatsoever_o the_o universal_a society_n have_v enact_v prejudicial_a to_o their_o common_a weal_n but_o that_o i_o only_o intend_v to_o discover_v warlike_a practice_n leave_v these_o question_n of_o law_n and_o policy_n to_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o better_a experience_n only_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o roman_a government_n that_o such_o city_n as_o yield_v to_o the_o empire_n and_o become_v tributary_n to_o their_o treasury_n howsoever_o they_o be_v otherwise_o combine_v by_o confederacy_n seldom_o or_o never_o repent_v they_o of_o their_o fact_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o noble_a patronage_n which_o they_o find_v in_o that_o state_n and_o of_o the_o due_a respect_n observe_v towards_o they_o chap._n ii_o the_o power_n of_o the_o belgae_n and_o their_o preparation_n for_o this_o war_n caesar_n inquire_v of_o the_o ambassador_n which_o come_v from_o rheimes_n what_o the_o state_n be_v that_o have_v take_v arm_n caesar_n and_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v in_o matter_n of_o war_n find_v the_o belgae_n to_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o german_n who_o pass_v over_o the_o rhine_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n drive_v away_o the_o gall_n and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o their_o possession_n and_o that_o these_o only_a of_o all_o the_o gall_n keep_v the_o cimbri_n and_o teutoni_n from_o enter_v into_o their_o country_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n they_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o great_a authority_n &_o vaunt_v much_o in_o their_o feat_n of_o arm_n concern_v their_o number_n they_o have_v these_o advertisement_n the_o beawois_n bellovaci_fw-la exceed_v all_o the_o belgae_n in_o prowess_n authority_n and_o number_n of_o man_n and_o promise_v 60000._o man_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n they_o demand_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o whole_a war_n the_o soissons_fw-fr suessone_n inhabit_v a_o large_a and_o fertile_a country_n and_o have_v 12._o wall_v town_n promise_v to_o set_v out_o 50000._o the_o turnai_n neruij_fw-la as_o many_o the_o arras_n attrebatij_fw-la 15000._o the_o amiens_n ambiani_n 10000_o the_o velocassij_fw-la and_o vermandois_n veromandui_n as_o many_o the_o terwene_v morini_n 25000._o the_o menapij_fw-la 7000._o the_o caletani_n 10000_o the_o catuaci_fw-la 19000._o the_o al._n eburones_n condrusones_n and_o other_o 40000._o caesar_n encourage_v the_o man_n of_o rheimes_n to_o persist_v their_o faithfulness_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n propound_v unto_o they_o great_a offer_n and_o liberal_a promise_n of_o recompense_n and_o command_v all_o their_o senate_n to_o come_v before_o he_o and_o bring_v with_o they_o their_o noble_a man_n son_n to_o be_v give_v up_o for_o hostage_n which_o they_o diligent_o perform_v by_o a_o day_n appoint_v and_o have_v receive_v two_o especial_a advertisement_n from_o the_o man_n of_o rheimes_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o other_o touch_v the_o singular_a opinion_n which_o be_v general_o hold_v of_o their_o manhood_n he_o provide_v for_o the_o first_o by_o persuade_v divitiacus_n the_o heduan_n that_o it_o much_o import_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o those_o business_n to_o keep_v asunder_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o to_o withhold_v their_o force_n from_o make_v a_o head_n that_o so_o he_o may_v avoid_v the_o dange_a of_o incounter_v so_o great_a a_o power_n at_o one_o instant_a which_o may_v easy_o be_v bring_v to_o pass_v if_o the_o hedui_n will_v enter_v with_o a_o strong_a power_n into_o the_o march_n of_o the_o bellovaci_fw-la and_o sack_v their_o territory_n with_o sword_n and_o confusion_n which_o divitiacus_n promise_v to_o perform_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n he_o speedy_o return_v into_o his_o country_n upon_o the_o second_o advertisement_n which_o present_v unto_o he_o the_o great_a valour_n and_o manhood_n of_o his_o enemy_n he_o resolve_v not_o to_o be_v too_o hasty_a in_o give_v they_o battle_n but_o first_o to_o prove_v by_o skirmish_v with_o his_o horseman_n what_o his_o enemy_n by_o their_o prowess_n can_v do_v and_o what_o his_o own_o man_n dare_v do_v the_o observation_n this_o rule_n of_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o worth_n of_o a_o enemy_n have_v always_o be_v observe_v by_o prudent_a and_o grave_a commander_n as_o the_o sure_a principle_n whereon_o the_o true_a judgement_n of_o the_o event_n may_v be_v ground_v for_o if_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n which_o teach_v that_o the_o word_n non_fw-fr putabam_fw-la be_v never_o hear_v out_o of_o a_o wise_a man_n mouth_n have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o course_n of_o humane_a action_n it_o ought_v especial_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o manage_v these_o main_a point_n whereon_o the_o state_n of_o kingdom_n and_o empire_n depend_v for_o unless_o we_o be_v persuade_v that_o blind_a chance_n direct_v the_o course_n of_o this_o world_n with_o a_o uncertain_a confusion_n and_o that_o no_o foresight_n can_v sway_n the_o balance_n of_o our_o hap_n into_o either_o part_n of_o our_o fortune_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o by_o all_o mean_v indevor_n to_o ground_n our_o knowledge_n upon_o true_a cause_n and_o level_v our_o proceed_n to_o that_o certainty_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o this_o be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v urge_v inasmuch_o as_o our_o leader_n be_v oftentimes_o deceive_v when_o they_o look_v no_o further_o then_o to_o match_v a_o enemy_n with_o equality_n of_o number_n refer_v their_o valour_n to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o battle_n not_o consider_v that_o the_o eye_n of_o itself_o can_v discern_v the_o difference_n between_o two_o champion_n of_o like_a presence_n and_o outward_a carriage_n unless_o it_o see_v their_o strength_n compare_v together_o and_o weigh_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o scale_n of_o trial_n which_o caesar_n omit_v not_o diligent_o to_o observe_v before_o he_o will_v adventure_v the_o hazard_n of_o battle_n for_o beside_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n it_o give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o his_o man_n when_o they_o see_v themselves_o able_a to_o countermatch_n a_o enemy_n and_o know_v their_o task_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o strength_n neither_o do_v he_o observe_v it_o only_o at_o this_o instant_n but_o throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o action_n for_o we_o find_v that_o he_o never_o encounter_v any_o enemy_n but_o with_o sufficient_a power_n either_o in_o number_n or_o in_o valour_n to_o make_v head_n against_o they_o which_o equality_n of_o strength_n be_v first_o lay_v as_o a_o sure_a foundation_n he_o use_v his_o own_o industry_n and_o skill_n and_o the_o discipline_n wherein_o his_o man_n be_v train_v as_o advantage_n to_o oversway_v his_o adversary_n and_o so_o draw_v victory_n maugre_o fortune_n unto_o himself_o and_o seldom_o fail_v in_o any_o of_o his_o battle_n chap._n iii_o caesar_n pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n disne_n axona_n leave_v titurius_n sabinus_n encamp_v on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o six_o cohort_n assoon_o as_o caesar_n understand_v caesar_n as_o well_o by_o his_o discourer_n as_o from_o the_o man_n of_o rheimes_n that_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o belgae_n be_v assemble_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o be_v now_o make_v towards_o he_o no_o great_a destance_n off_o he_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n axona_n which_o divide_v the_o man_n of_o rheimes_n from_o the_o other_o belgae_n whereby_o he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o no_o enemy_n can_v come_v on_o the_o back_n of_o he_o to_o work_v any_o disadvantage_n and_o that_o corn_n may_v be_v bring_v unto_o he_o from_o rheimes_n and_o other_o city_n without_o danger_n and_o further_o that_o he_o may_v command_v the_o passage_n back_o again_o as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v to_o his_o best_a advantage_n he_o fortify_v a_o bridge_n which_o he_o find_v on_o the_o river_n with_o a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o man_n and_o cause_v titurius_n sabinus_n a_o legate_n to_o encamp_v himself_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n with_o six_o cohorte_n command_v he_o to_o fortify_v his_o camp_n with_o a_o rampire_n of_o 12_o foot_n in_o altitude_n and_o a_o trench_n of_o 18_o foot_n in_o breadth_n
a_o army_n by_o a_o unknown_a and_o undiscovered_a way_n and_o march_v blindfold_a upon_o uncertain_a adventure_n be_v subject_a to_o as_o many_o casualty_n and_o disadvantage_n as_o the_o other_o have_v opportunity_n of_o good_a fortune_n let_v every_o man_n therefore_o persuade_v himself_o that_o good_a discoverer_n be_v as_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o army_n and_o serve_v for_o light_n in_o the_o darkness_n of_o ignorance_n to_o direct_v the_o resolution_n of_o good_a providence_n and_o make_v the_o path_n of_o safety_n so_o manifest_a that_o we_o need_v not_o stumble_v upon_o casualty_n caesar_n in_o his_o journey_n to_o ariovistus_fw-la use_v the_o help_n of_o divitiacus_n the_o heduan_n in_o who_o among_o all_o the_o gall_n he_o repose_v great_a confidence_n to_o discover_v the_o way_n and_o acquaint_v he_o with_o the_o passage_n and_o before_o he_o will_v undertake_v his_o voyage_n unto_o england_n brittany_n he_o well_o inform_v himself_o by_o merchant_n and_o traveller_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o island_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o people_n their_o use_n of_o war_n and_o the_o opportunity_n of_o their_o haven_n neither_o be_v he_o satisfy_v with_o their_o relation_n but_o he_o send_v caius_n volusenus_n in_o a_o ship_n of_o war_n to_o see_v what_o he_o can_v further_o discover_v concern_v these_o point_n suetonius_n add_v moreover_o that_o he_o never_o carry_v his_o army_n per_fw-la insidiosa_fw-la itinera_fw-la unless_o he_o have_v first_o well_o discover_v the_o place_n concern_v the_o order_n which_o skilful_a leader_n have_v observe_v in_o discovery_n discovery_n we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o this_o point_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o one_o in_o understand_v the_o perfect_a description_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o second_o in_o observe_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o enemy_n touch_v the_o first_o we_o find_v as_o well_o by_o this_o as_o other_o history_n that_o the_o roman_n use_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n for_o guide_n as_o best_o acquaint_v with_o their_o native_a place_n that_o they_o may_v not_o err_v in_o so_o important_a a_o matter_n provide_v always_o that_o their_o own_o scout_n be_v ever_o abroad_o to_o understand_v what_o they_o can_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o may_v not_o altogether_o rely_v upon_o a_o stranger_n direction_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v observe_v by_o the_o horseman_n and_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v veterani_fw-la well_o experience_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o war_n and_o so_o the_o general_n receive_v sound_a advertisement_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o too_o forward_o upon_o any_o new_a motion_n unless_o they_o find_v it_o confirm_v by_o diverse_a way_n for_o some_o espial_n may_v err_v either_o through_o passion_n or_o affection_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o helvetian_a war_n if_o therefore_o the_o use_n and_o benefit_n which_o prudent_a and_o wise_a commander_n make_v of_o this_o diligence_n or_o the_o misfortune_n which_o the_o want_n of_o this_o knowledge_n bring_v upon_o the_o ignorant_a have_v any_o authority_n to_o persuade_v a_o circumspect_a care_n herein_o this_o little_a that_o have_v be_v speak_v may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o this_o point_n the_o four_o observation_n the_o soldier_n which_o caesar_n send_v to_o relieve_v bibrax_n use_n be_v archer_n of_o creta_n and_o numidia_n and_o slinger_n of_o the_o isle_n baleares_n which_o be_v now_o call_v maiorica_n and_o minorica_fw-la which_o kind_n of_o weapon_n because_o it_o seem_v ridiculous_a to_o the_o soldier_n of_o these_o time_n who_o conceit_n be_v hold_v up_o with_o the_o fury_n of_o these_o fiery_a engine_n i_o will_v in_o brief_a discover_v the_o nature_n and_o use_n of_o this_o weapon_n the_o latin_n say_v isodore_n call_v this_o weapon_n funda_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la ea_fw-la fundantur_fw-la lapides_fw-la pliny_n attribute_v the_o invention_n thereof_o to_o the_o insulairs_n call_v baleares_n florus_n in_o his_o three_o book_n and_o eight_o chapter_n say_v that_o these_o baleares_n use_v three_o sort_n of_o slinge_n and_o no_o other_o weapon_n beside_o for_o a_o boy_n have_v never_o any_o meat_n give_v he_o before_o he_o have_v first_o strike_v it_o with_o a_o sling_n strabo_n distinguish_v these_o three_o sort_n of_o sling_n which_o the_o baleares_n use_v and_o say_v that_o they_o have_v one_o sling_n with_o long_a reins_n which_o they_o use_v when_o they_o will_v cast_v a_o far_o off_o and_o another_o with_o short_a reins_n which_o they_o use_v near_o at_o hand_n and_o the_o three_o with_o reins_n of_o a_o mean_a size_n to_o cast_v a_o reasonable_a distance_n lipsius_n say_v that_o in_o columna_fw-la antonina_n at_o rome_n he_o observe_v that_o the_o balearean_a be_v make_v with_o one_o sling_n about_o his_o head_n another_o about_o his_o belly_n and_o the_o three_o in_o his_o hand_n which_o may_v be_v their_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o carry_v they_o the_o matter_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v be_v threefold_a the_o first_o be_v hemp_n or_o cotton_n the_o second_o hair_n and_o the_o three_o sinew_n for_o of_o either_o of_o these_o stuff_n they_o common_o make_v they_o the_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o a_o sling_n resemble_v a_o plait_a rope_n somewhat_o broad_a in_o the_o midst_n with_o a_o ouall_a compass_n and_o so_o by_o little_a and_o little_o decrease_v into_o two_o thong_n or_o reins_n their_o manner_n of_o sle_v be_v to_o whirl_v it_o twice_o or_o thrice_o about_o their_o head_n and_o so_o to_o cast_v out_o the_o bullet_n virgil_n speak_v of_o mezentius_n say_v ipse_fw-la ter_z adducta_fw-la circum_fw-la caput_fw-la egit_fw-la habena_fw-la but_o vegetius_n prefer_v that_o skill_n which_o cast_v the_o bullet_n with_o once_o turn_v it_o about_o the_o head_n in_o suidas_n we_o find_v that_o these_o baleares_n do_v common_o cast_v a_o stone_n of_o a_o pound_n weight_n which_o agree_v to_o these_o dame_n in_o caesar_n fundas_fw-la librale_n the_o leaden_a bullet_n be_v mention_v by_o sallust_n in_o the_o war_n with_o jugurth_n and_o by_o livy_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o consul_n provide_v great_a store_n of_o arrow_n of_o bullet_n and_o of_o small_a stone_n to_o be_v cast_v with_o sling_n this_o weapon_n be_v in_o request_n among_o diverse_a nation_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o readiness_n &_o easy_a reiterate_n of_o the_o blow_n as_o also_o for_o that_o the_o bullet_n flee_v very_o far_o with_o great_a violence_n the_o distance_n which_o they_o can_v easy_o reach_v with_o their_o sling_n be_v express_v in_o this_o verse_n fundum_fw-la varro_n vocat_fw-la quem_fw-la possis_fw-la mittere_fw-la funda_fw-la which_o vegetius_n interprete_v to_o be_v 600_o foot_n 2._o their_o violence_n be_v such_o as_o the_o same_o author_n affirm_v in_o his_o first_o book_n and_o sixteen_o chapter_n that_o neither_o helmet_n gaberdine_n nor_o corselet_n can_v bear_v out_o the_o blow_n but_o he_o that_o be_v hit_v with_o a_o sling_n be_v slay_v sine_fw-la inuidia_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la as_o he_o say_v in_o the_o same_o place_n lucrece_n ovid_n and_o lucan_n three_o of_o the_o latin_a poet_n say_v that_o a_o bullet_n skilful_o cast_v out_o of_o a_o sling_n question_n go_v with_o such_o violence_n that_o it_o melt_v as_o it_o fly_v whereof_o seneca_n give_v this_o reason_n motion_n say_v he_o do_v extenuate_v the_o air_n and_o that_o extenuation_n or_o subtility_n do_v inflame_v and_o so_o a_o bullet_n cast_v out_o of_o a_o sling_n melt_v as_o it_o fly_v but_o howsoever_o diodorus_n siculus_n affirm_v that_o these_o balearean_a slinger_n break_v both_o target_n head-piece_n or_o any_o other_o armour_n whatsoever_o there_o be_v also_o two_o other_o sort_n of_o sling_n the_o one_o mention_v by_o livy_n and_o the_o other_o by_o vegetius_n that_o in_o livy_n be_v call_v cestrophendo_n which_o cast_v a_o short_a arrow_n with_o a_o long_a thick_a head_n the_o other_o in_o vegetius_n be_v call_v fustibalus_fw-la which_o be_v a_o sling_n make_v of_o a_o cord_n and_o a_o staff_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v for_o slinge_n and_o slinger_n which_o be_v reckon_v among_o their_o light_a arm_a soldier_n and_o use_v chief_o in_o assault_v and_o defend_v town_n and_o fortress_n where_o the_o heavy_a arm_a soldier_n can_v not_o come_v to_o buckle_v and_o present_v the_o place_n of_o our_o hargebusier_n which_o in_o their_o proper_a nature_n be_v levis_fw-la armaturae_fw-la milites_fw-la although_o more_o terrible_a than_o those_o of_o ancient_a time_n chap._n v._n caesar_n confront_v the_o belgae_n in_o form_n of_o battle_n but_o without_o any_o blow_n give_v the_o belgae_n attempt_v the_o pass_n of_o the_o river_n axona_n but_o in_o vain_a and_o to_o their_o loss_n they_o consult_v of_o break_v up_o the_o war_n caesar_z at_o the_o first_o resolve_v not_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n caesar_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o multitude_n as_o the_o general_a fame_n and_o opinion_n conceive_v of_o their_o valour_n notwithstanding_o he_o daily_o
make_v trial_n by_o light_a skirmish_n with_o his_o horseman_n what_o the_o enemy_n can_v do_v and_o what_o his_o own_o man_n dare_v do_v and_o when_o he_o find_v that_o his_o man_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o the_o belgae_n he_o choose_v a_o convenient_a place_n before_o his_o camp_n and_o put_v his_o army_n in_o battle_n the_o bank_n where_o he_o be_v encamp_v rise_v somewhat_o from_o a_o plain_a level_n be_v no_o large_a than_o will_v suffice_v the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o two_o side_n be_v steep_a and_o the_o front_n rise_v a_o slope_n by_o little_a &_o little_a until_o it_o come_v again_o to_o a_o plain_a where_o the_o legion_n be_v imbattail_v and_o lest_o the_o enemy_n abound_v in_o multitude_n shall_v circumvent_v his_o man_n and_o charge_v they_o in_o flank_n as_o they_o be_v fight_v he_o draw_v a_o overthwart_a ditch_n behind_o his_o army_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n to_o the_o other_o 600_o pace_n in_o length_n the_o end_n whereof_o he_o fortify_v with_o bulwark_n and_o place_v therein_o store_n of_o engine_n and_o leave_v in_o his_o camp_n the_o two_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v last_o enrol_v in_o lombardie_n that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o be_v draw_v forth_o when_o there_o shall_v need_v any_o succour_n he_o imbattail_v his_o other_o six_o legion_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o hill_n before_o his_o camp_n the_o belgae_n also_o bring_v forth_o their_o power_n confront_v the_o roman_n in_o order_n of_o battle_n there_o lie_v between_o both_o the_o army_n a_o small_a marish_a over_o which_o the_o enemy_n expect_v that_o caesar_n shall_v have_v pass_v and_o caesar_n on_o the_o other_o side_n attended_z to_o see_v if_o the_o belgae_n will_v come_v over_o that_o his_o man_n may_v have_v charge_v they_o in_o that_o troublesome_a passage_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o cavalry_n on_o both_o side_n encounter_v between_o the_o two_o battle_n and_o after_o long_a expectation_n on_o either_o side_n neither_o party_n adventure_v to_o pass_v over_o caesar_n have_v get_v the_o better_a in_o the_o skirmish_n between_o the_o horseman_n think_v it_o sufficient_a for_o that_o time_n both_o for_o the_o encourage_v of_o his_o own_o man_n and_o the_o contest_a of_o so_o great_a a_o army_n and_o therefore_o he_o convey_v all_o his_o man_n again_o into_o their_o camp_n from_o that_o place_n the_o enemy_n immediate_o take_v his_o way_n to_o the_o river_n axona_n which_o lie_v behind_o the_o roman_n camp_n and_o there_o find_v ford_n they_o attempt_v to_o pass_v over_o part_n of_o their_o force_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v either_o take_v the_o fortress_n which_o q._n titurius_n keep_v or_o to_o break_v down_o the_o bridge_n or_o to_o spoil_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o state_n of_o rheimes_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o roman_n from_o provision_n of_o corn_n caesar_n have_v advertisement_n thereof_o from_o titurius_n transport_v over_o the_o river_n by_o the_o bridge_n all_o his_o horseman_n and_o light_a arm_a numidian_n with_o his_o slinger_n and_o archer_n and_o march_v with_o they_o himself_o the_o conflict_n be_v hot_a in_o that_o place_n the_o roman_n charge_v their_o enemy_n as_o they_o be_v trouble_v in_o the_o water_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o the_o rest_n like_o desperate_a person_n adventure_v to_o pass_v over_o upon_o the_o dead_a carcase_n of_o their_o fellow_n be_v beat_v back_o by_o force_n of_o weapon_n and_o the_o horseman_n encompass_v such_o as_o have_v first_o get_v over_o the_o water_n and_o slay_v every_o man_n of_o they_o when_o the_o belgae_n perceive_v themselves_o frustrate_v of_o their_o hope_n of_o win_v bibrax_n of_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o of_o draw_v the_o roman_n into_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o that_o their_o own_o provision_n begin_v to_o fail_v they_o they_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n wherein_o they_o resolve_v that_o it_o be_v best_a for_o the_o state_n in_o general_a and_o for_o every_o man_n in_o particular_a to_o break_v up_o their_o camp_n and_o to_o return_v home_o unto_o their_o own_o house_n and_o into_o who_o confine_n or_o territory_n soever_o the_o roman_n shall_v first_o enter_v to_o depopulate_v and_o waste_v they_o in_o hostile_a manner_n that_o thither_o they_o shall_v hasten_v from_o all_o part_n and_o there_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v rather_o try_v the_o matter_n in_o their_o own_o country_n than_o abroad_o in_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a place_n and_o have_v their_o own_o household_n provision_n always_o at_o hand_n to_o maintain_v they_o and_o this_o the_o rather_o be_v conclude_v for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v intelligence_n that_o divitiacus_n with_o a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o hedui_n approach_v near_o to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o bellovaci_fw-la who_o in_o that_o regard_n make_v haste_n homeward_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o art_n which_o he_o use_v to_o countervail_v the_o strength_n of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n by_o choose_v out_o so_o convenient_a a_o place_n which_o be_v no_o broad_a in_o front_n then_o will_v suffice_v the_o front_n of_o his_o battle_n and_o have_v both_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n so_o steep_a that_o the_o enemy_n can_v not_o ascend_v nor_o climb_v up_o but_o to_o their_o own_o overthrow_n he_o make_v the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o hill_n strong_a by_o art_n &_o so_o place_v his_o soldier_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o gate_n of_o a_o fortress_n where_o they_o may_v either_o issue_n out_o or_o retire_v at_o their_o pleasure_n whereby_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o he_o prefer_v security_n and_o safety_n before_o the_o vain_a opinion_n of_o foolhardy_a resolution_n which_o savour_v of_o barbarism_n rather_o than_o of_o true_a wisdom_n for_o he_o ever_o think_v it_o great_a gain_n to_o loose_v nothing_o and_o the_o day_n bring_v always_o good_a fortune_n that_o deliver_v up_o the_o army_n safe_a unto_o the_o evening_n attend_v until_o advantage_n have_v lay_v sure_a principle_n of_o victory_n and_o yet_o caesar_n be_v never_o think_v a_o coward_n and_o now_o it_o appear_v what_o use_v he_o make_v by_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n and_o attend_v the_o enemy_n on_o the_o further_a side_n rather_o than_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o state_n of_o rheimes_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o whatsoever_o the_o enemy_n shall_v attempt_v in_o any_o part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o land_n his_o force_n be_v ready_a to_o trouble_v their_o proceed_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o their_o attempt_n of_o bibrax_n &_o yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o lose_v not_o the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v slaughter_n of_o they_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n for_o by_o the_o benefitte_n of_o the_o bridge_n which_o he_o have_v fortify_v he_o transport_v what_o force_n he_o will_v to_o make_v head_n against_o they_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o and_o so_o he_o take_v what_o advantage_n either_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v afford_v he_o the_o second_o observation_n and_o here_o the_o reader_n may_v not_o marvel_v if_o when_o the_o hill_n be_v in_o labour_n they_o bring_v forth_o but_o a_o mouse_n for_o how_o soon_o be_v the_o courage_n of_o this_o huge_a army_n abate_v or_o what_o do_v it_o attempt_v worthy_a such_o a_o multitude_n or_o answerable_a to_o the_o report_n which_o be_v bruit_v of_o their_o valour_n but_o be_v hasty_o carry_v together_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o passion_n be_v as_o quick_o disperse_v upon_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n which_o be_v no_o strange_a effect_n of_o a_o sudden_a humour_n for_o as_o in_o nature_n all_o violent_a motion_n be_v of_o short_a continuance_n and_o the_o durabilitie_n or_o last_a quality_n of_o all_o action_n proceed_v from_o a_o slow_a and_o temperate_a progression_n so_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o untemperate_a violence_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o heat_n and_o passion_n do_v vanish_v away_o even_o with_o the_o smoke_n thereof_o and_o bring_v forth_o nothing_o but_o leasurable_a repentance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o ill_a counsel_n for_o man_n of_o such_o nature_n to_o qualify_v their_o hasty_a resolution_n with_o a_o mistrustful_a linger_a that_o when_o their_o judgement_n be_v well_o inform_v of_o the_o cause_n they_o may_v proceed_v to_o a_o speedy_a execution_n but_o that_o which_o most_o bewray_v their_o indiscreet_a intemperance_n in_o the_o hot_a pursuit_n of_o this_o enterprise_n be_v that_o before_o they_o have_v scarce_o see_v the_o enemy_n or_o have_v opportunity_n to_o contest_v he_o in_o open_a field_n their_o victual_n begin_v to_o fail_v they_o for_o their_o mind_n be_v so_o carry_v away_o with_o the_o conceit_n of_o war_n that_o they_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o provide_v such_o necessary_n
the_o woman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v unmeete_a for_o the_o field_n they_o bestow_v in_o a_o place_n unaccessible_a for_o any_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o fen_n and_o bog_n and_o marsh_n upon_o this_o intelligence_n caesar_n send_v his_o discoverer_n and_o centurion_n before_o to_o choose_v out_o a_o fit_a place_n to_o encamp_v in_o now_o whereas_o many_o of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n and_o other_o gall_n be_v continual_o in_o the_o roman_a army_n certain_a of_o these_o as_o it_o be_v afterward_o know_v by_o the_o captive_n observe_v the_o order_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o march_v come_v by_o night_n to_o the_o neruij_fw-la and_o tell_v they_o that_o between_o every_o legion_n go_v a_o great_a sort_n of_o carriage_n and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n assoon_o as_o the_o first_o legion_n be_v come_v into_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o other_o legion_n yet_o a_o great_a way_n off_o to_o set_v upon_o they_o upon_o a_o sudden_a before_o they_o be_v disburden_v of_o their_o carriage_n and_o so_o to_o overthrow_v they_o which_o legion_n be_v thus_o cut_v off_o and_o their_o stuff_n take_v the_o rest_n will_v have_v small_a courage_n to_o stand_v against_o they_o it_o much_o further_v this_o advice_n that_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o neruij_fw-la be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o power_n of_o horse_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o resist_v the_o cavalry_n of_o their_o borderer_n whensoever_o they_o make_v any_o road_n into_o their_o march_n their_o manner_n be_v to_o cut_v young_a tree_n half_o asunder_o &_o bow_v the_o top_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n plash_v the_o bough_n in_o breadth_n and_o with_o thorn_n and_o brier_n plant_v between_o they_o they_o make_v they_o so_o thick_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o see_v through_o they_o so_o hard_o it_o be_v to_o enter_v or_o pass_v through_o they_o so_o that_o when_o by_o this_o occasion_n the_o passage_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n must_v needs_o be_v hinder_v the_o neruij_fw-la think_v the_o foresay_a counsel_n not_o to_o be_v neglect_v caesar_n march_n where_o in_o every_o legion_n have_v his_o cariadge_n in_o front_n caesar_n march_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_a at_o hand_n the_o place_n which_o the_o roman_n choose_v to_o encamp_v in_o be_v a_o hill_n of_o like_a level_a from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n at_o the_o foot_n whereof_o run_v the_o river_n sabis_n and_o with_o the_o like_a level_n on_o the_o other_o side_n rose_z a_o other_o hill_n direct_o against_o this_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o 200._o pace_n the_o bottom_n whereof_o be_v plain_a and_o open_a and_o the_o upper_a part_n so_o thick_a with_o wood_n that_o it_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v look_v into_o within_o these_o wood_n the_o neruian_o keep_v themselves_o close_o and_o in_o the_o open_a ground_n by_o the_o river_n side_n be_v only_o see_v a_o few_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o the_o river_n in_o that_o place_n be_v about_o 3._o foot_n deep_a caesar_n send_v his_o horseman_n before_o follow_v after_o with_o all_o his_o power_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o march_n differ_v from_o the_o report_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o neruii_n for_o inasmuch_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n caesar_n as_o his_o custom_n be_v lead_v 6._o legion_n always_o in_o areadines_n without_o burden_n or_o carriage_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o their_o arm_n after_o they_o he_o place_v the_o impediment_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o the_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v last_o enrol_v be_v a_o rearward_n to_o the_o army_n and_o guard_v the_o stuff_n observation_n this_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n have_v fortunatelie_o discover_v the_o manner_n of_o caesar_n march_n march_n as_o well_o in_o safe_a passage_n as_o in_o dangerous_a and_o suspect_a place_n which_o be_v a_o point_n of_o no_o small_a consequence_n in_o martial_a discipline_n be_v subject_a to_o so_o many_o inconvenience_n and_o capable_a of_o the_o great_a art_n that_o may_v be_v show_v in_o manage_v a_o war_n concern_v the_o discreet_a carriage_n of_o a_o march_n conveniency_n by_o this_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o caesar_n principal_o respect_a safety_n and_o second_o conveniency_n if_o the_o place_n afford_v a_o secure_a passage_n and_o give_v no_o suspicion_n of_o hostility_n he_o be_v content_a in_o regard_n of_o conveniency_n to_o suffer_v every_o legion_n to_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o their_o particular_a carriage_n and_o to_o insert_v they_o among_o the_o troop_n that_o every_o man_n may_v have_v at_o hand_n such_o necessary_n as_o be_v requisite_a either_o for_o their_o private_a use_n or_o public_a discipline_n but_o if_o he_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o any_o sudden_a attempt_n or_o stand_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v impeach_v by_o a_o enemy_n he_o then_o omit_v convenient_a disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o particular_a use_n as_o disaduantageous_a to_o their_o safety_n &_o carry_v his_o legion_n in_o that_o readiness_n that_o if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v engage_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v without_o any_o alteration_n of_o their_o march_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o their_o carriage_n receive_v the_o charge_n in_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o be_v best_a approve_v by_o their_o military_a rule_n &_o the_o ancient_a practice_n of_o their_o fortunate_a progenitor_n the_o old_a roman_n observe_v likewise_o the_o same_o respect_n for_o in_o unsafe_a &_o suspect_a place_n quadratum_fw-la they_o carry_v their_o troop_n agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la which_o as_o livy_n seem_v to_o note_v be_v free_a from_o all_o carriage_n and_o impediment_n which_o may_v hinder_v they_o in_o any_o sudden_a alarm_n neither_o do_v that_o of_o gall._n hirtius_n any_o way_n contradict_v this_o interpretation_n where_o he_o say_v that_o caesar_n so_o dispose_v his_o troop_n against_o the_o bellovaci_fw-la that_o 3._o legion_n march_v in_o front_n &_o after_o they_o come_v all_o the_o carriage_n to_o which_o the_o 10._o legion_n serve_v as_o a_o rearward_n &_o so_o they_o march_v pene_fw-la agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la epistle_n seneca_n in_o like_a manner_n note_v the_o safety_n of_o agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o where_o a_o enemy_n be_v expect_v we_o ought_v to_o march_v agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la ready_a to_o fight_v the_o most_o material_a consequence_n of_o these_o place_n allege_v be_v that_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o suspect_v any_o onset_n or_o charge_n their_o order_n in_o a_o march_n little_a or_o nothing_o differ_v from_o their_o usual_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la or_o a_o square_a march_n inasmuch_o as_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o disposition_n of_o part_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o quadrata_fw-la acie_n for_o that_o triple_a form_n of_o imbattail_v which_o the_o roman_n general_o observe_v in_o their_o fight_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o distance_n between_o each_o battle_n contain_v almost_o a_o equal_a dimension_n of_o front_n and_o file_v and_o so_o it_o make_v aciem_fw-la quadratam_fw-la and_o when_o it_o march_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la polybius_n express_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n 6._o as_o often_o as_o the_o place_n require_v circumspection_n but_o alter_v it_o somewhat_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o carriage_n for_o he_o say_v that_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o where_o the_o country_n be_v plain_a and_o champion_n and_o give_v space_n &_o free_a scope_n to_o clear_v themselves_o upon_o any_o accident_n the_o roman_n march_v in_o a_o triple_a battle_n of_o equal_a distance_n one_o behind_o a_o other_o every_o battle_n have_v his_o several_a carriage_n in_o front_n and_o if_o they_o be_v by_o chance_n attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o turn_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o place_v their_o carriage_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o their_o army_n they_o stand_v imbattail_v ready_a to_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o contrary_a form_n of_o march_v where_o the_o place_n afford_v more_o security_n &_o give_v scope_n to_o conveniency_n agmenlongun_v they_o name_v agmen_fw-la longum_fw-la when_o almost_o every_o maniple_n or_o order_n have_v their_o several_a carriage_n attend_v upon_o they_o &_o strive_v to_o keep_v that_o way_n which_o they_o find_v most_o easy_a both_o for_o themselves_o &_o their_o impediment_n which_o order_n of_o a_o march_n as_o it_o be_v more_o commodius_fw-la than_o the_o former_a in_o regard_n of_o particularity_n so_o be_v it_o unsafe_a and_o dangerous_a where_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v and_o therefore_o caesar_n much_o blame_v sabinus_n and_o cotta_n for_o march_v when_o they_o be_v delude_v by_o ambiorix_n gallico_n longissimo_fw-la agmine_fw-la as_o though_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o advertisement_n from_o a_o friend_n and_o not_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o albeit_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v far_o different_a in_o quality_n from_o they_o of_o
hand_n he_o do_v advance_v it_o ready_a to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o follow_v that_o some_o of_o the_o pike_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v themselves_o before_o the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n but_o some_o before_o the_o foremost_a if_o the_o phalanx_n have_v his_o proper_a and_o due_a thickness_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a disposition_n both_o on_o the_o side_n and_o behind_o as_o homer_n make_v mention_v when_o he_o say_v that_o one_o target_n do_v enclose_v and_o fortify_v another_o one_o head-piece_n be_v join_v to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v stand_v unite_v and_o close_a together_o these_o circumstance_n be_v right_o and_o true_o set_v down_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o pike_n of_o every_o former_a rank_n in_o the_o phalanx_n do_v extend_v themselves_o two_o cubit_n before_o each_o other_o which_o proportion_n of_o difference_n they_o have_v between_o themselves_o by_o which_o may_v evident_o be_v see_v the_o assault_n and_o impression_n of_o the_o whole_a phalanx_n what_o it_o be_v and_o what_o force_n it_o have_v consist_v of_o 16_o rank_n in_o depth_n or_o thickness_n the_o excess_n of_o which_o number_n of_o rank_n above_o five_o for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v commodious_o couch_v their_o pike_n without_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o former_a the_o point_n of_o they_o not_o be_v long_a enough_o to_o enlarge_v themselves_o beyond_o the_o foremost_a rank_n they_o grow_v utter_o unprofitable_a and_o can_v man_n by_o man_n make_v any_o impression_n or_o assault_v but_o serve_v only_o by_o lay_v their_o pike_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o those_o which_o stand_v before_o they_o to_o sustain_v and_o hold_v up_o the_o sway_v and_o give_v back_o of_o the_o former_a rank_n which_o stand_v before_o they_o to_o this_o end_n that_o the_o front_n may_v stand_v firm_a and_o sure_a and_o with_o the_o thickness_n of_o their_o pike_n they_o do_v repel_v all_o those_o dart_n which_o pass_v over_o the_o head_n of_o those_o that_o stand_v before_o will_v annoy_v those_o rank_n which_o be_v more_o backward_o and_o far_o by_o move_v forward_o with_o the_o force_n of_o their_o body_n they_o do_v so_o press_v upon_o the_o former_a that_o they_o do_v make_v a_o most_o violent_a impression_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o foremost_a rank_n shall_v give_v back_o this_o therefore_o be_v the_o general_a and_o particular_a disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n we_o must_v now_o speak_v on_o the_o contrary_a part_n touch_v the_o property_n and_o difference_n as_o well_o of_o the_o arm_n as_o of_o the_o whole_a disposition_n of_o the_o roman_a battle_n for_o every_o roman_a soldier_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o weapon_n be_v allow_v three_o foot_n to_o stand_v in_o and_o in_o the_o encounter_n be_v move_v man_n by_o man_n every_o one_o cover_v himself_o with_o his_o target_n and_o mutual_o move_v whensoever_o there_o be_v occasion_n offer_v but_o those_o which_o use_v their_o sword_n do_v fight_n in_o a_o more_o thin_a and_o distinct_a order_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o have_v three_o foot_n more_o allow_v they_o to_o stand_v in_o both_o from_o shoulder_n to_o shoulder_n and_o from_o back_n to_o belly_n that_o they_o may_v use_v their_o weapon_n with_o the_o better_a commodity_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o roman_a soldier_n take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o two_o of_o those_o which_o be_v to_o encounter_v he_o of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n so_o that_o one_o romain_n be_v as_o it_o be_v to_o oppose_v himself_o against_o ten_o pike_n which_o pike_n the_o say_v one_o soldior_fw-la can_n neither_o by_o any_o agility_n come_v to_o offend_v or_o else_o at_o handy_a blow_n otherwise_o annoy_v and_o those_o which_o be_v behind_o he_o be_v not_o only_o unable_a to_o repel_v their_o force_n but_o also_o with_o conveniency_n to_o use_v their_o own_o weapon_n whereby_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o battle_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o front_n of_o a_o phalanx_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o violence_n thereof_o if_o it_o have_v his_o due_a and_o proper_a composition_n what_o then_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o roman_n do_v overcome_v and_o that_o those_o that_o do_v use_v the_o phalanx_n be_v void_a of_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n even_o from_o hence_o that_o the_o roman_a army_n have_v infinite_a commodity_n both_o of_o place_n and_o of_o time_n to_o fight_v in_o but_o the_o the_o phalanx_n have_v only_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n whereto_o it_o may_v profitable_o apply_v itself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n that_o their_o enemy_n shall_v encounter_v they_o at_o that_o instant_n especial_o with_o their_o whole_a force_n it_o be_v questionless_a not_o only_o not_o without_o danger_n but_o in_o all_o probability_n likely_a that_o the_o phalanx_n shall_v ever_o carry_v away_o the_o better_a but_o if_o that_o may_v be_v avoid_v which_o be_v easy_o do_v shall_v not_o that_o disposition_n then_o be_v utterlie_o unprofitable_a and_o free_a from_o all_o terror_n and_o it_o be_v far_a evident_a that_o the_o phalanx_n must_v necessary_o have_v plain_a &_o champion_n place_n without_o any_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n as_o ditch_n uneven_a place_n valley_n little_a hill_n and_o river_n for_o all_o these_o may_v hinder_v &_o disjoin_v it_o and_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v a_o plain_a of_o the_o capacity_n of_o 20._o stadia_fw-la much_o less_o more_o where_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v none_o of_o these_o impediment_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v find_v such_o place_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o phalanx_n if_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o come_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n spoil_n and_o sack_v the_o city_n and_o country_n round_o about_o what_o commodity_n or_o profit_n shall_v arise_v by_o a_o army_n so_o order_v for_o if_o it_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o have_v be_v before_o speak_v of_o it_o can_v neither_o relieve_v their_o friend_n nor_o preserve_v themselves_o for_o the_o convoy_n which_o they_o expect_v from_o their_o friend_n be_v easy_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n while_o they_o remain_v in_o those_o open_a place_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n they_o be_v then_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n shall_v find_v the_o phalanx_n in_o such_o place_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o adventure_v itself_o in_o gross_a at_o one_o instant_a but_o will_v by_o little_a &_o little_o retire_v itself_o as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o their_o usual_a practice_n for_o there_o must_v not_o be_v a_o conjecture_n of_o these_o thing_n by_o my_o word_n only_o but_o especial_o by_o that_o which_o they_o do_v for_o they_o do_v not_o so_o equal_o frame_v their_o battle_n that_o they_o do_v assault_v the_o enemy_n altogether_o make_v as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o front_n but_o part_n make_v a_o stand_n and_o part_n charge_v the_o enemy_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o phalanx_n do_v press_v they_o that_o come_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o be_v repel_v the_o force_n of_o their_o order_n be_v dissolve_v for_o whether_o they_o pursue_v those_o that_o retire_v or_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o do_v assault_v they_o these_o do_v disjoin_v themselves_o from_o part_n of_o their_o army_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v a_o gap_n open_v to_o their_o enemy_n staud_v and_o attend_v their_o opportunity_n so_o that_o now_o they_o need_v not_o any_o more_o to_o charge_v they_o in_o the_o front_n where_o the_o force_n of_o the_o phalanx_n consist_v but_o to_o assault_v where_o the_o breach_n be_v make_v both_o behind_o and_o upon_o the_o side_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o roman_a army_n may_v keep_v his_o due_a propriety_n and_o disposition_n the_o phalanx_n by_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a do_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_o demonstrate_v the_o difference_n to_o be_v great_a between_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o necessity_n impose_v upon_o a_o army_n which_o be_v to_o march_v through_o place_n of_o all_o nature_n to_o encamp_v themselves_o to_o possess_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o besiege_v and_o to_o be_v besiege_v and_o also_o contrary_a to_o expectation_n sometime_o to_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o all_o these_o occasion_n necessary_o accompany_v a_o army_n and_o oftentimes_o be_v the_o especial_a cause_n of_o victory_n to_o which_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a or_o convenient_a forasmuch_o as_o neither_o in_o their_o general_a order_n nor_o in_o their_o particular_a disposition_n without_o a_o convenient_a
use_v at_o cadiz_n and_o be_v purtrait_v in_o the_o column_n of_o trajan_n at_o rome_n the_o compound_a ram_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o josephus_n composita_fw-la a_o ram_n say_v he_o be_v a_o mighty_a great_a beam_n like_v unto_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o be_v strengthen_v at_o one_o end_n with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n fashion_v like_o unto_o a_o ram_n and_o thereof_o it_o take_v the_o name_n this_o ram_n be_v hang_v by_o the_o midst_n with_o rope_n unto_o a_o other_o beam_n which_o lie_v cross_v a_o couple_n of_o pillar_n and_o hang_v thus_o equal_o balance_v it_o be_v by_o force_n of_o man_n thrust_v forward_o and_o recoil_v backward_o and_o so_o beat_v upon_o the_o wall_n with_o his_o iron_n head_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o tower_n so_o strong_a or_o wall_n so_o broad_a that_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v before_o it_o the_o length_n of_o this_o ram_n be_v of_o a_o large_a scantling_n for_o plutarch_n affirm_v that_o anthony_n in_o the_o parthian_a war_n have_v a_o ram_n eighty_o foot_n long_o and_o vitrwius_fw-la say_v that_o the_o length_n of_o a_o ram_n be_v usual_o 106._o and_o sometime_o 120_o and_o this_o length_n give_v great_a strength_n and_o force_n to_o the_o engine_n it_o be_v manage_v at_o one_o time_n with_o a_o whole_a centurie_n or_o order_n of_o soldier_n and_o their_o force_n be_v spend_v they_o be_v second_v with_o another_o centurie_n and_o so_o the_o ram_n play_v continual_o upon_o the_o wall_n without_o intermission_n josephus_n say_v that_o titus_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o jerusalem_n have_v a_o ram_n for_o every_o legion_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o cover_v with_o a_o vine_n that_o the_o man_n that_o manage_v it_o may_v be_v in_o more_o safety_n it_o appear_v by_o this_o place_n that_o if_o a_o town_n have_v continue_v out_o until_o the_o ram_n have_v touch_v the_o wall_n they_o can_v not_o presume_v of_o any_o acceptation_n of_o rendrie_a for_o as_o much_o as_o by_o their_o obstinacy_n they_o have_v bring_v in_o peril_n the_o life_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o be_v subdue_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n which_o afford_v such_o mercy_n as_o the_o victor_n please_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o aduatici_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o small_a security_n which_o one_o state_n can_v give_v unto_o another_o that_o commend_v their_o safety_n to_o be_v protect_v by_o it_o for_o as_o architas_n the_o pythagorean_n say_v a_o body_n a_o family_n and_o a_o army_n be_v then_o well_o govern_v when_o they_o contain_v within_o themselves_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o safety_n so_o we_o must_v not_o look_v for_o any_o security_n in_o a_o state_n when_o their_o safety_n depend_v upon_o a_o foreign_a protection_n for_o the_o old_a say_n be_v that_o neque_fw-la murus_fw-la neque_fw-la amicus_fw-la quisquam_fw-la teget_fw-la quem_fw-la propria_fw-la arma_fw-la non_fw-la texere_fw-la although_o in_o this_o case_n the_o matter_n be_v well_o qualify_v by_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o the_o late_a victory_n in_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n whereof_o the_o hedui_n with_o their_o associate_n be_v very_o gainful_a witness_n but_o among_o kingdom_n that_o be_v better_o suit_v with_o equality_n of_o strength_n &_o authority_n there_o be_v small_a hope_n of_o safety_n to_o be_v look_v for_o unless_o the_o happy_a government_n of_o both_o do_v mutual_o depend_v upon_o the_o safety_n of_o either_o nation_n for_o that_o which_o polybius_n observe_v in_o antigonus_n king_n of_o macedonia_n take_v place_n for_o the_o most_o part_n among_o all_o prince_n that_o king_n by_o nature_n esteem_v no_o man_n either_o as_o a_o friend_n or_o a_o enemy_n but_o as_o the_o calculation_n of_o profit_n shall_v find_v they_o answerable_a to_o their_o project_n and_o contrariwise_o it_o cut_v off_o many_o occasion_n of_o practice_n &_o attempt_n when_o it_o be_v know_v that_o a_o state_n be_v of_o itself_o able_a and_o ready_a to_o resist_v the_o design_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n according_a to_o that_o of_o manlius_n ostendite_fw-la modo_fw-la bellum_fw-la pacem_fw-la habebitis_fw-la videant_fw-la vos_fw-la paratos_fw-la ad_fw-la vim_o ius_fw-la ipsi_fw-la remittent_a the_o four_o observation_n the_o manner_n of_o signify_v any_o motion_n or_o attempt_n by_o fire_n fire_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o might_n leason_n where_o the_o fortification_n be_v of_o so_o large_a a_o extension_n for_o fire_n in_o the_o night_n do_v appear_v far_o great_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v for_o as_o much_o as_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o fire_n as_o it_o be_v illuminate_v with_o the_o light_n thereof_o in_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n can_v be_v discern_v from_o the_o fire_n itself_o and_o so_o it_o seem_v much_o great_a than_o it_o be_v in_o substance_n and_o contrariwise_o in_o the_o day_n time_n it_o show_v less_o than_o it_o be_v for_o the_o clear_a brightness_n of_o the_o air_n do_v much_o obscure_a that_o light_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o more_o gross_a and_o material_a body_n and_o therefore_o their_o custom_n be_v to_o use_v fire_n in_o the_o night_n and_o smoke_n in_o the_o day_n suit_v the_o transparent_a middle_n with_o a_o contrary_a quality_n that_o so_o it_o may_v more_o manifest_o appear_v to_o the_o beholder_n the_o five_o observation_n and_o albeit_o after_o the_o victory_n the_o roman_n inflict_v diverse_a degree_n of_o punishment_n 25._o according_a to_o the_o malice_n which_o they_o find_v in_o a_o enemy_n yet_o as_o flavius_n lucanus_n say_v in_o livy_n there_o be_v no_o nation_n more_o exorable_a conquerednation_n nor_o ready_a to_o show_v mercy_n than_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o punishment_n which_o we_o find_v they_o to_o have_v use_v towards_o a_o conquer_a nation_n be_v these_o either_o they_o punish_v they_o by_o death_n or_o sell_v they_o for_o bondslave_n sub_fw-la corona_fw-la or_o dismiss_v they_o sub_fw-la iugum_fw-la or_o merce_v they_o in_o take_v away_o their_o territory_n or_o make_v they_o tributary_n state_n of_o the_o first_o we_o find_v a_o manifest_a example_n in_o the_o three_o of_o these_o commentary_n where_o caesar_n have_v overthrow_v the_o veneti_n by_o sea_n in_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v retain_v his_o ambassador_n by_o force_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n he_o put_v all_o the_o senate_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o sell_v the_o rest_n sub_fw-la corona_fw-la festus_n say_v that_o a_o enemy_n be_v say_v to_o be_v sell_v sub_fw-la corona_fw-la in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o captive_n stand_v crown_v in_o the_o market_n place_n where_o they_o be_v set_v out_o to_o sale_n as_o cato_n say_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la ut_fw-la populus_fw-la sua_fw-la opera_fw-la potius_fw-la ob_fw-la rem_fw-la bene_fw-la gestam_fw-la coronatus_fw-la supplicatum_fw-la eat_v quam_fw-la re_fw-la male_a gesta_fw-la coronatus_fw-la vaeneat_fw-la and_o gellius_n affirm_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o add_v also_o another_o reason_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o soldier_n that_o keep_v they_o while_o they_o be_v in_o sell_v encircle_v they_o round_o about_o to_o keep_v they_o together_o and_o this_o round-about-standing_a be_v call_v corona_n festus_n say_v that_o oftentimes_o they_o use_v a_o spear_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v sell_v sub_fw-la hasta_fw-la for_o as_o much_o as_o among_o the_o greek_n by_o the_o spear_n or_o pike_n be_v signify_v the_o power_n of_o arm_n and_o majesty_n of_o empire_n when_o they_o dismiss_v they_o sub_fw-la iugum_fw-la their_o order_n be_v to_o erect_v three_o tree_n like_o a_o pair_n of_o gallows_n under_o which_o they_o cause_v all_o the_o captive_n to_o pass_v as_o a_o sign_n of_o bondage_n for_o they_o have_v so_o conquer_v they_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n that_o they_o lay_v upon_o their_o neck_n the_o yoke_n of_o thraldom_n livy_n say_v that_o quintius_n the_o dictator_n dismiss_v the_o aequos_n sub_fw-la iugum_fw-la and_o this_o iugum_fw-la be_v make_v of_o 3_o spear_n whereof_o two_o be_v stick_v upright_o in_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o three_o be_v tie_v overthwart_o they_o the_o soldier_n that_o pass_v sub_fw-la iugum_fw-la be_v ungirt_a and_o their_o weapon_n take_v from_o they_o as_o festus_n say_v sometime_o again_o they_o take_v away_o their_o land_n and_o territory_n and_o either_o sell_v it_o for_o money_n &_o bring_v it_o into_o the_o treasury_n or_o divide_v the_o land_n among_o the_o roman_a people_n or_o let_v it_o out_o to_o farm_v rend_v of_o all_o which_o livy_n have_v many_o pregnant_a example_n chap._n xiii_o crassus_n take_v in_o all_o the_o maritimate_a city_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o ocean_n the_o legion_n be_v carry_v into_o their_o winter_v camp_n the_o same_o time_n pub._n caesar_n crassus_n who_o he_o have_v send_v with_o one_o legion_n to_o the_o maritimate_a city_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o ocean_n advertise_v he_o that_o all_o those_o state_n have_v yield_v
themselves_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n the_o war_n be_v thus_o end_v and_o all_o gallia_n be_v settle_v in_o peace_n there_o go_v such_o a_o fame_n of_o this_o war_n among_o other_o barbarous_a people_n that_o from_o nation_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n there_o come_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n offer_v both_o hostage_n and_o obedience_n to_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v they_o but_o caesar_n will_v they_o to_o repair_v unto_o he_o again_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o summer_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o then_o haste_v into_o lombardy_n after_o he_o have_v place_v his_o legion_n in_o their_o winter_v camp_n book_n for_o these_o thing_n upon_o the_o sight_n of_o caesar_n letter_n a_o general_a supplication_n be_v proclaim_v in_o rome_n for_o 15_o day_n together_o which_o honour_n before_o that_o time_n have_v happen_v to_o no_o man_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o second_o commentary_n observation_n upon_o the_o three_o book_n of_o caesar_n his_o commentary_n the_o argument_n this_o commentary_n begin_v with_o a_o accident_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o former_a summer_n wherein_o the_o belgae_n have_v so_o lean_a a_o harvest_n and_o then_o it_o proceed_v to_o the_o war_n between_o caesar_n and_o the_o veneti_n crassus_n and_o the_o aquitani_n titurius_n sabinus_n and_o the_o curiosolitae_n and_o titus_n labienus_n with_o the_o treviri_fw-la chap._n i._n sergius_n galba_n be_v send_v to_o clear_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o alps_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o seduni_n and_o veragri_n caesar_z take_z his_o journey_n into_o italy_n caesar_n send_v sergius_n galba_n with_o the_o twelve_o legion_n and_o part_n of_o the_o horseman_n unto_o the_o nantuates_n veragri_n &_o seduni_n who_o territory_n be_v extend_v from_o the_o river_n rhone_n and_o the_o lake_n lemanus_n unto_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a alps_n the_o end_n of_o this_o voyage_n be_v chief_o to_o clear_v the_o alps_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n that_o live_v by_o the_o spoil_n of_o passenger_n that_o travel_v between_o italy_n and_o gallia_n galba_n have_v order_n if_o he_o find_v it_o expedient_a to_o winter_n in_o those_o part_n after_o some_o fortunate_a encounter_n and_o the_o take_n of_o some_o castle_n and_o hold_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n and_o resolve_v to_o place_v two_o cohorte_n of_o his_o legion_n among_o the_o nantuates_n and_o himself_o to_o winter_n with_o the_o other_o cohorte_n in_o a_o town_n of_o the_o veragri_n name_v octodurus_n this_o town_n be_v site_v in_o a_o narrow_a valley_n and_o encircle_v about_o with_o mighty_a high_a hill_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o river_n into_o two_o part_n whereof_o he_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o other_o he_o choose_v for_o his_o winter_v camp_n and_o fortify_v it_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n after_o he_o have_v spend_v many_o day_n of_o winter_v and_o give_v order_n that_o corn_n shall_v be_v bring_v thither_o for_o provision_n he_o have_v intelligence_n upon_o a_o sudden_a that_o the_o gall_n in_o the_o night_n time_n have_v all_o left_a that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n that_o be_v allot_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o the_o hill_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o valley_n wherein_o the_o town_n stand_v be_v possess_v with_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o seduni_n and_o veragri_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o sudden_a commotion_n be_v chief_o the_o paucity_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n not_o make_v a_o complete_a legion_n for_o as_o much_o as_o two_o cohort_n winter_v among_o the_o nantuates_n beside_o many_o particular_n that_o be_v want_v upon_o necessary_a occasion_n and_o to_o make_v they_o more_o contemptible_a in_o regard_n of_o themselves_o the_o place_n afford_v such_o advantage_n that_o they_o be_v persuade_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o steep_a declivitie_n of_o the_o hill_n that_o the_o roman_n will_v not_o endure_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o first_o assault_n beside_o this_o it_o greeve_v they_o exceed_o to_o have_v their_o child_n take_v from_o they_o under_o the_o title_n of_o hostage_n and_o the_o alps_n which_o nature_n have_v exempt_v from_o habitation_n and_o place_v as_o bound_n between_o two_o large_a kingdom_n to_o be_v seize_v upon_o by_o the_o roman_a legion_n and_o unite_v to_o their_o province_n upon_o these_o advertisement_n galba_n not_o have_v as_o yet_o finish_v the_o fortification_n of_o his_o camp_n nor_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n and_o forage_n for_o the_o winter_n season_n in_o that_o he_o little_o fear_v any_o motion_n of_o war_n be_v secure_v of_o their_o amity_n and_o obedience_n both_o by_o hostage_n and_o rendrie_a he_o present_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n to_o determine_v what_o course_n be_v best_a to_o be_v take_v in_o which_o council_n the_o mind_n of_o many_o be_v so_o amaze_v with_o the_o terror_n of_o so_o unexpected_a a_o danger_n when_o they_o behold_v the_o hill_n pester_v with_o arm_a soldier_n the_o passage_n take_v and_o intercept_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o no_o hope_n leave_v of_o any_o succour_n or_o relief_n that_o they_o can_v think_v of_o no_o other_o way_n for_o their_o safety_n then_o leave_v behind_o they_o their_o baggage_n and_o impediment_n to_o sally_v out_o of_o their_o camp_n and_o so_o to_o save_v themselves_o by_o the_o same_o way_n they_o come_v thither_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a part_n conclude_v to_o refer_v that_o resolution_n to_o the_o last_o push_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o attend_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o event_n and_o defend_v the_o camp_n the_o observation_n which_o advice_n although_o at_o this_o time_n sort_v to_o small_a effect_n yet_o it_o better_a suit_v the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o savour_v more_o of_o temper_a magnanimity_n than_o that_o former_a hazard_n which_o argue_v the_o weakness_n of_o their_o mind_n by_o their_o over_o hasty_a and_o too_o forward_a resolution_n for_o as_o it_o import_v great_a danger_n and_o discover_v a_o more_o desperate_a spirit_n to_o break_v through_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o so_o by_o strong_a hand_n to_o save_v themselves_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o other_o fortune_n so_o it_o manifest_v a_o great_a apprehension_n of_o terror_n and_o a_o strong_a impression_n of_o fear_n which_o can_v afford_v nothing_o but_o desperate_a remedy_n for_o desperate_a and_o inconsiderate_a rashness_n rise_v soon_o of_o fear_n then_o of_o any_o other_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o such_o as_o behold_v the_o danger_n with_o a_o less_o trouble_a eye_n and_o qualify_v the_o terror_n of_o death_n with_o the_o life_n of_o their_o spirit_n reserve_v extremity_n of_o help_n to_o extremity_n of_o peril_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n attend_v what_o chance_v of_o advantage_n may_v happen_v unto_o they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n the_o enemy_n shall_v attempt_v i_o say_v they_o so_o give_v great_a scope_n to_o fortune_n and_o enlarge_v the_o bound_n of_o change_a accident_n chap._n ii_o the_o enemy_n set_v upon_o the_o winter_v camp_n galba_n overthrow_v they_o the_o council_n be_v dismiss_v caesar_n they_o have_v scarce_o time_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o for_o their_o defence_n but_o the_o enemy_n at_o a_o watchword_n give_v assault_v the_o camp_n on_o all_o side_n with_o stone_n and_o dart_n and_o other_o cast_a weapon_n the_o roman_n at_o first_o when_o their_o strength_n be_v fresh_a valiant_o resist_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o charge_n neither_o do_v they_o spend_v in_o vain_a any_o weapon_n which_o they_o cast_v from_o the_o rampire_n but_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o their_o camp_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n and_o want_v of_o help_n thither_o they_o come_v with_o succour_n and_o relief_n but_o herein_o they_o be_v overmatch_v for_o the_o enemy_n be_v spend_v and_o weary_v with_o fight_n whensoever_o any_o of_o they_o give_v place_n and_o forsake_v the_o battle_n there_o be_v always_o fresh_a combatant_n to_o supply_v it_o but_o the_o roman_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o small_a number_n have_v no_o such_o help_n for_o their_o extremity_n in_o that_o point_n be_v such_o that_o no_o man_n be_v permit_v neither_o for_o weariness_n nor_o wound_n to_o forsake_v his_o station_n or_o abandon_v his_o charge_n and_o have_v thus_o fight_v continual_o the_o space_n of_o six_o hour_n when_o both_o strength_n and_o weapon_n want_v the_o enemy_n persist_v with_o great_a fury_n to_o fill_v the_o ditch_n and_o break_v down_o the_o rampire_n and_o their_o hope_n rely_v upon_o the_o last_o expectation_n p._n sex_n baculus_fw-la the_o primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n who_o we_o say_v to_o be_v so_o sore_o wound_v in_o the_o neruian_a battle_n and_o caius_n volusenus_n tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a courage_n and_o wisdom_n run_v speedy_o to_o galba_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o the_o only_a way_n of_o safety_n be_v to_o
break_v out_o upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o to_o try_v the_o last_o refuge_n in_o that_o extremity_n whereupon_o they_o call_v the_o centurion_n and_o by_o they_o admonish_v the_o soldier_n to_o surcease_v a_o while_n from_o fight_v and_o only_o to_o receive_v such_o weapon_n as_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o camp_n and_o so_o to_o rest_v themselves_o a_o little_a and_o recover_v their_o strength_n and_o then_o at_o a_o watchword_n to_o sally_v out_o of_o their_o camp_n and_o lay_v their_o safety_n upon_o their_o virtue_n which_o the_o soldier_n execute_v with_o such_o alacrity_n and_o courage_n of_o spirit_n that_o break_v out_o at_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n they_o give_v no_o leisure_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o consider_v what_o be_v do_v nor_o to_o satisfy_v his_o judgement_n touch_v so_o unexpected_a a_o novelty_n and_o thus_o fortune_n be_v sudden_o change_v they_o slay_v more_o than_o the_o three_o part_n of_o 30000_o and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n not_o suffer_v they_o to_o stay_v upon_o the_o hill_n near_o about_o they_o observation_n which_o strange_a alteration_n lively_o describe_v the_o force_n of_o novelty_n battle_n and_o the_o effectual_a power_n of_o unexpected_a adventure_n for_o in_o the_o first_o course_n of_o their_o proceed_n wherein_o the_o roman_n defend_v the_o camp_n and_o the_o gall_n charge_v it_o by_o assault_n the_o victory_n hold_v constant_a with_o the_o gall_n and_o threaten_a death_n and_o mortality_n to_o the_o roman_n neither_o have_v they_o any_o mean_n to_o recover_v hope_n of_o better_a success_n but_o by_o try_v another_o way_n which_o so_o much_o the_o more_o amaze_v the_o gall_n in_o that_o they_o have_v vehement_o apprehend_v a_o opinion_n of_o victory_n by_o a_o set_a fight_n continue_v the_o space_n of_o six_o hour_n without_o any_o likelihood_n of_o contrariety_n or_o alteration_n which_o practice_n of_o frustrate_v a_o design_n intend_v by_o a_o indirect_a and_o contrary_a answer_n serve_v the_o roman_n oftentimes_o to_o great_a advantage_n as_o beside_o this_o present_a example_n in_o this_o commentary_n we_o shall_v afterward_o read_v how_o titurius_n sabinus_n defeat_v the_o vnello_n with_o the_o same_o stratagem_n and_o overthrow_v they_o by_o eruption_n and_o sally_v out_o when_o they_o expect_v nothing_o but_o a_o defensive_a resistance_n from_o the_o rampire_n from_o whence_o a_o commander_n may_v learn_v to_o avoid_v two_o contrary_a inconvenience_n according_a as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o war_n shall_v offer_v occasion_n first_o if_o other_o thing_n be_v answerable_a which_o a_o judicious_a eye_n will_v easy_o discover_v that_o a_o sally_n make_v out_o at_o diverse_a port_n of_o a_o hold_n will_v much_o mitigate_v the_o heat_n of_o a_o charge_n and_o control_v the_o fury_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o that_o besiege_v any_o place_n what_o advantage_n soever_o he_o have_v of_o the_o defendant_n may_v much_o better_o assure_v himself_o of_o good_a fortune_n if_o he_o appoint_v certain_a troop_n in_o readiness_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o any_o eruption_n that_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v busy_o employ_v in_o the_o assault_n may_v provide_v to_o answer_v it_o without_o disorder_n or_o confusion_n which_o order_n if_o the_o gall_n have_v take_v they_o have_v not_o in_o likelihood_n so_o often_o be_v deceive_v chap._n iii_o galba_n return_v into_o the_o province_n the_o vnelli_n give_v occasion_n of_o a_o new_a war_n the_o enemy_n be_v thus_o defeat_v caesar_n galba_n be_v unwilling_a to_o try_v fortune_n any_o further_o and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o he_o want_v both_o corn_n and_o forage_v and_o therefore_o have_v burn_v the_o town_n the_o next_o day_n he_o return_v towards_o the_o province_n and_o without_o let_v or_o resistance_n bring_v the_o legion_n safe_a into_o the_o nantuates_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o savoiens_fw-la allobrogae_fw-la and_o there_o he_o winter_v after_o these_o thing_n be_v dispatch_v caesar_n suppose_v for_o many_o reason_n that_o all_o gallia_n be_v now_o in_o peace_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o further_a fear_n of_o any_o new_a war_n the_o belgae_n be_v overthrow_v the_o german_n thrust_v out_o and_o the_o seduni_n among_o the_o alps_n subdue_v and_o vanquish_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o winter_n as_o he_o go_v into_o illyricum_n have_v a_o great_a desire_n to_o see_v those_o nation_n there_o grow_v a_o sudden_a tumult_n and_o dissension_n in_o gallia_n upon_o this_o occasion_n pub._n crassus_n winter_v with_o the_o seven_o legion_n in_o anjou_n near_o unto_o the_o ocean_n and_o find_v scarcity_n of_o corn_n in_o those_o part_n he_o send_v out_o the_o prefect_n of_o the_o horseman_n and_o tribune_n into_o the_o next_o city_n to_o demand_v corn_n and_o other_o provision_n for_o his_o legion_n of_o who_o titus_n terrasidius_n be_v send_v unto_o the_o perche_n venelli_n marcus_n trebius_n to_o the_o bretaine_n curiosolitae_n q._n velanius_n and_o titus_n silius_n to_o the_o vannes_n veneti_n these_o veneti_n be_v of_o great_a authority_n among_o all_o the_o maritimate_a nation_n in_o that_o coast_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a store_n of_o ship_v with_o which_o they_o do_v traffic_v into_o brittany_n and_o exceed_v all_o their_o neighbour_n state_n in_o skill_n and_o experience_n of_o seafaring_a matter_n have_v the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o as_o use_v those_o sea_n tributary_n to_o their_o state_n these_o veneti_n first_o adventure_v to_o retain_v silius_n and_o velanius_n hope_v thereby_o to_o recover_v their_o hostage_n which_o they_o have_v give_v to_o crassus_n the_o finitimate_a city_n induce_v by_o their_o authority_n and_o example_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n lay_v hold_v upon_o trebius_n and_o terrasidius_n and_o send_v speedy_a ambassage_n one_o unto_o another_o conjure_v by_o their_o prince_n and_o chief_a magistrate_n to_o approve_v their_o fact_n by_o common_a consent_n and_o to_o attend_v all_o the_o same_o event_n of_o fortune_n solicit_v also_o other_o city_n and_o state_n rather_o to_o maintain_v that_o liberty_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v of_o their_o ancestor_n then_o to_o endure_v the_o servile_a bondage_n of_o a_o stranger_n the_o first_o observation_n the_o circumstance_n in_o this_o history_n which_o note_v the_o sudden_a break_v out_o of_o war_n when_o the_o course_n of_o thing_n make_v promise_v of_o peace_n show_v first_o time_n what_o small_a assurance_n our_o reason_n have_v of_o her_o discourse_n in_o calculate_v the_o nativity_n of_o after-chance_n which_o so_o seldom_o answer_v the_o judgement_n we_o give_v upon_o their_o beginning_n that_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o happiness_n we_o find_v nothing_o but_o misery_n and_o contrariwise_o it_o go_v often_o well_o with_o that_o part_n which_o our_o art_n have_v condemn_v to_o ill_a fortune_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o marvel_v if_o when_o almost_o all_o nation_n be_v at_o odds_n and_o in_o our_o best_a conceit_n threaten_v destruction_n one_o to_o another_o there_o happen_v a_o sudden_a motion_n of_o peace_n or_o if_o peace_n be_v in_o speech_n soothe_v the_o world_n with_o please_a tranquillity_n and_o through_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o our_o weak_a probability_n promise_v much_o rest_n after_o many_o trouble_n there_o follow_v great_a war_n in_o the_o end_n than_o the_o former_a time_n can_v true_o speak_v of_o which_o be_v well_o understand_v may_v humble_v the_o spirit_n of_o our_o haughty_a politician_n that_o think_v to_o comprehend_v the_o conclusion_n of_o future_a time_n under_o the_o premise_n of_o their_o weak_a project_n and_o predestinate_a succeed_a age_n accorto_fw-la the_o course_n of_o the_o present_a motion_n when_o a_o accident_n so_o little_o think_v of_o shall_v break_v the_o main_a stream_n of_o our_o judgement_n and_o falsify_v the_o oracle_n which_o our_o understanding_n have_v utter_v and_o it_o may_v learn_v they_o withal_o how_o much_o it_o import_v a_o wise_a commander_n to_o prevent_v a_o evil_a that_o may_v cross_v his_o design_n how_o unlikely_a soever_o it_o be_v to_o happen_v by_o handle_v it_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o though_o it_o be_v necessary_o to_o confront_v the_o same_o for_o then_o a_o thing_n be_v well_o do_v when_o it_o have_v in_o itself_o both_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o be_v and_o the_o direct_a mean_n to_o resist_v the_o repugnancy_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n and_o so_o hap_v what_o will_v it_o have_v great_a possibility_n to_o continue_v the_o same_o the_o second_o observation_n this_o practice_n of_o the_o veneti_n may_v instruct_v a_o circumspect_a prince_n in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n to_o have_v a_o more_o watchful_a eye_n over_o that_o province_n or_o city_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v most_o potent_a and_o mighty_a among_o the_o rest_n then_o of_o any_o other_o inferior_a state_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o condition_n for_o as_o example_n of_o itself_o be_v of_o great_a authority_n example_n make_v improbability_n seem_v full_a
come_v to_o the_o hurt_n they_o speedy_o in_o a_o trice_n of_o time_n wound_v themselves_o from_o between_o they_o and_o the_o two_o triremes_n meet_v with_o such_o a_o career_n one_o against_o another_o that_o one_o break_v her_o beakehead_n and_o the_o other_o split_v with_o the_o blow_n for_o this_o skill_n and_o fortune_n withal_o euphranor_n the_o rodian_a be_v of_o great_a fame_n in_o caesar_n time_n although_o his_o end_n find_v too_o true_a the_o say_n of_o the_o historian_n that_o who_o fortune_n honour_v with_o many_o good_a hap_n she_o oftentimes_o reserve_v to_o a_o hard_a destiny_n as_o other_o seaman_n beside_o euphranor_n can_v true_o witness_v this_o first_o brunt_n be_v end_v when_o they_o come_v to_o grapple_v and_o board_v one_o of_o another_o than_o the_o art_n and_o practice_n of_o their_o land_n service_n come_v in_o use_n for_o they_o erect_v turret_n upon_o their_o deck_v and_o from_o they_o they_o fight_v with_o engine_n and_o cast_a weapon_n as_o slinge_n arrow_n and_o pile_n and_o when_o they_o enter_v they_o fight_v with_o sword_n and_o target_n neither_o do_v the_o legionarie_a soldier_n find_v any_o difference_n when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o point_n between_o their_o fight_n at_o sea_n and_o that_o at_o land_n save_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v marshal_v in_o troop_n and_o band_n in_o regard_n whereof_o the_o sea_n service_n be_v count_v more_o base_a and_o dishonourable_a and_o the_o rather_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o decide_v the_o controversy_n by_o slinge_n and_o cast_a weapon_n which_o kind_n of_o fight_n be_v of_o less_o honour_n then_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n chap._n vii_o the_o battle_n continue_v and_o caesar_n overcom_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o fight_n be_v this_o caesar_n as_o i_o have_v describe_v neither_o brutus_n nor_o any_o tribune_n or_o centurion_n in_o his_o navy_n know_v what_o to_o do_v or_o what_o course_n of_o fight_n to_o take_v for_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o beakhead_n of_o their_o quinqueremes_n can_v perform_v no_o service_n upon_o they_o and_o although_o they_o shall_v raise_v turret_n according_a to_o their_o use_n yet_o these_o will_v not_o equal_v in_o height_n the_o poop_n of_o the_o enemy_n ship_v so_o that_o therein_o also_o the_o gall_n have_v advantage_n neither_o have_v they_o any_o mean_n whereby_o they_o may_v foil_v so_o great_a a_o navy_n which_o amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 230_o ship_n of_o war_n one_o thing_n there_o be_v among_o their_o provision_n which_o stand_v they_o in_o great_a steed_n for_o the_o roman_n have_v provide_v great_a sharp_a hook_n or_o sickle_n which_o they_o put_v upon_o great_a and_o long_a pole_n these_o they_o fasten_v to_o the_o tackle_n which_o hold_v the_o main_a yard_n to_o the_o mast_n and_o then_o hale_v away_o their_o ship_n with_o force_n of_o oar_n they_o cut_v the_o say_v tackle_v and_o the_o main_a yard_n fall_v down_o whereby_o the_o gall_n who_o only_a hope_n consist_v in_o sail_v and_o yare_a turn_n of_o their_o ship_n lose_v at_o one_o instant_n both_o their_o sail_n and_o the_o use_n of_o their_o ship_n and_o then_o the_o controversy_n fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o valour_n wherein_o the_o roman_n exceed_v the_o gall_n and_o the_o rather_o inasmuch_o as_o they_o fight_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o caesar_n and_o the_o whole_a army_n no_o valiant_a act_n can_v be_v smother_v in_o secret_a for_o all_o the_o hill_n and_o cliff_n which_o afford_v near_o prospect_n into_o the_o sea_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o roman_a army_n their_o main_a yard_n be_v cut_v down_o and_o the_o roman_n endeavour_v with_o great_a fury_n to_o board_n they_o fail_v not_o to_o take_v many_o of_o their_o ship_n which_o the_o gall_n perceive_v and_o find_v no_o remedy_n nor_o hope_n of_o resistance_n begin_v all_o to_o fly_v &_o turn_v their_o ship_n to_o a_o forewind_n be_v upon_o a_o sudden_a so_o becalm_v that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o make_v no_o way_n at_o all_o which_o fall_v out_o so_o fit_o for_o the_o roman_n that_o of_o so_o great_a a_o navy_n very_o few_o through_o the_o help_n of_o the_o evening_n escape_v to_o land_n after_o they_o have_v fight_v the_o space_n of_o 8_o hour_n with_o which_o battle_n end_v the_o war_n with_o the_o veneti_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o maritimate_a nation_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n both_o young_a and_o old_a in_o who_o there_o be_v either_o courage_n counsel_n or_o dignity_n be_v present_a at_o this_o battle_n and_o all_o their_o ship_n be_v take_v and_o lose_v so_o that_o such_o as_o remain_v know_v not_o whither_o to_o go_v nor_o how_o to_o defend_v their_o town_n any_o long_o and_o therefore_o yield_v themselves_o to_o caesar_n in_o who_o he_o use_v the_o great_a severity_n that_o he_o may_v thereby_o teach_v all_o other_o barbarous_a people_n not_o to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o he_o slay_v all_o the_o senate_n with_o the_o sword_n and_o sell_v the_o people_n for_o bondslave_n the_o observation_n in_o this_o battle_n i_o chief_o observe_v the_o good_a fortune_n industry_n which_o usual_o attend_v upon_o industry_n for_o among_o other_o provision_n which_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v furnish_v out_o to_o the_o use_n of_o this_o war_n they_o have_v make_v ready_a these_o hook_n not_o for_o this_o intent_n wherein_o they_o be_v employ_v but_o at_o all_o occasion_n &_o chance_n that_o may_v happen_v as_o service_n able_a compliment_n rather_o than_o principal_a instrument_n and_o yet_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o prove_v the_o only_a mean_n to_o overthrow_v the_o gall_n which_o prove_v true_a the_o say_n of_o caesar_n that_o industry_n command_v fortune_n and_o buy_v good_a success_n with_o extraordinary_a labour_n for_o industry_n in_o action_n be_v as_o importunity_n in_o speech_n which_o force_v a_o assent_n beyond_o the_o strength_n of_o reason_n and_o strive_v through_o continual_a pursuit_n to_o make_v good_a the_o motive_n by_o often_o inculcation_n and_o at_o length_n find_v that_o disposition_n which_o will_v easy_o admit_v whatsoever_o be_v require_v in_o like_a manner_n diligence_n and_o laboursome_a industry_n by_o circumspect_a and_o heedful_a carriage_n seldom_o fail_v either_o by_o hap_n or_o cunning_n to_o make_v good_a that_o part_n wherein_o the_o main_a point_n of_o the_o matter_n depend_v for_o evetie_n action_n be_v entangle_v with_o many_o infinite_a adherent_n which_o be_v so_o interest_v in_o the_o matter_n that_o it_o succeed_v according_a as_o it_o be_v carry_v answerable_a to_o their_o nature_n of_o these_o adherentes_fw-la some_o of_o they_o be_v by_o wisdom_n foresee_v and_o direct_v to_o that_o course_n which_o may_v fortunate_a the_o action_n the_o rest_n be_v unknown_a continue_v without_o either_o direction_n or_o prevention_n and_o be_v all_o under_o the_o regiment_n of_o fortune_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o wise_a reach_n and_o stand_v in_o the_o way_n either_o to_o assist_v or_o disadvantage_n of_o these_o industry_n have_v great_a authority_n in_o as_o much_o as_o she_o arm_v herself_o for_o all_o chance_n whereby_o she_o be_v say_v to_o command_v fortune_n chap._n viii_o sabinus_n overthrow_v the_o perche_n vnelli_n with_o the_o manner_n thereof_o while_o these_o thing_n happen_v in_o the_o state_n of_o vannes_n caesar_n l._n titurius_n sabinus_n enter_v with_o his_o force_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o vnelli_n over_o who_o viridovix_n be_v make_v chief_a commander_n have_v draw_v the_o rhone_n aulerci_n and_o the_o eureux_fw-fr eburonice_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o vagabond_n and_o thief_n into_o the_o same_o conspiracy_n sabinus_n encamp_v himself_o in_o a_o convenient_a place_n keep_v his_o soldier_n within_o the_o rampire_n but_o viridovix_n be_v lodge_v within_o less_o than_o two_o mile_n of_o sabinus_n his_o camp_n bring_v out_o his_o force_n daily_o and_o put_v they_o in_o battle_n give_v he_o opportunity_n to_o fight_v if_o he_o will_v which_o sabinus_n refuse_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o he_o begin_v not_o only_o to_o be_v suspect_v by_o the_o enemy_n of_o cowardice_n but_o to_o be_v taunt_v with_o the_o reproachful_a speech_n of_o his_o own_o soldier_n which_o opinion_n of_o fear_n be_v once_o settle_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o use_v all_o mean_n to_o increase_v it_o and_o carry_v it_o so_o well_o that_o the_o enemy_n dare_v approach_v the_o very_a rampire_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o colour_n that_o he_o pretend_v be_v that_o he_o think_v it_o not_o the_o part_n of_o a_o legate_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n to_o fight_v with_o a_o enemy_n of_o that_o strength_n but_o upon_o some_o good_a opportunity_n or_o in_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n in_o this_o general_a persuasion_n of_o fear_n sabinus_n choose_v out_o a_o subtle_a
spend_v in_o all_o 18_o day_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o own_o honour_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o return_v into_o gallia_n and_o break_v up_o the_o bridge_n chap._n viii_o caesar_n think_v of_o a_o voyage_n into_o brittany_n he_o enquire_v of_o merchant_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o people_n although_o the_o summer_n be_v almost_o spend_v caesar_n and_o that_o in_o those_o part_n the_o winter_n hasten_v on_o a_o pace_n inasmuch_o as_o all_o gallia_n incline_v to_o the_o north_n notwithstanding_o he_o resolve_v to_o go_v over_o into_o brittany_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o in_o all_o the_o former_a war_n of_o gallia_n the_o enemy_n have_v receive_v most_o of_o their_o supply_n from_o thence_o and_o although_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o finish_v that_o war_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o will_v be_v to_o good_a purpose_n if_o he_o go_v only_o to_o view_v the_o island_n to_o understand_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o know_v their_o coast_n their_o port_n and_o their_o land_a place_n whereof_o the_o gall_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a for_o seldom_o any_o man_n but_o merchant_n do_v travel_n unto_o they_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n discover_v but_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o those_o region_n which_o be_v opposite_a unto_o gallia_n and_o therefore_o call_v merchant_n together_o from_o all_o quarter_n he_o neither_o can_v understand_v of_o what_o quantity_n the_o island_n be_v what_o nation_n or_o of_o what_o power_n they_o be_v that_o inhabit_v it_o what_o use_n or_o experience_n of_o war_n they_o have_v what_o law_n or_o custom_n they_o use_v nor_o what_o haven_n they_o have_v to_o receive_v a_o navy_n of_o great_a ship_n observation_n as_o the_o german_n have_v oftentimes_o stir_v up_o motion_n of_o rebellion_n among_o the_o gall_n by_o send_v their_o superfluous_a multitude_n into_o their_o kingdom_n so_o the_o britain_n be_v have_v uphold_v most_o of_o their_o war_n by_o furnish_v they_o with_o such_o supply_n as_o from_o time_n to_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o so_o that_o if_o caesar_n or_o the_o roman_a people_n will_v rest_v secure_a of_o their_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a government_n in_o gallia_n as_o they_o have_v chastise_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o german_n &_o send_v they_o back_o again_o with_o great_a loss_n than_o gain_n so_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v the_o britain_n know_v that_o their_o assistance_n in_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n will_v draw_v more_o business_n upon_o they_o than_o they_o be_v well_o able_a to_o manage_v for_o as_o i_o have_v note_v in_o my_o former_a discourse_n the_o cause_n of_o a_o unpeaceable_a government_n be_v as_o well_o external_a and_o foreign_a as_o internal_a and_o breed_v in_o the_o body_n which_o need_v the_o help_n of_o a_o physician_n to_o continue_v the_o body_n in_o a_o perfect_a state_n of_o health_n and_o require_v as_o great_a a_o diligence_n to_o qualify_v their_o malicious_a operation_n as_o any_o internal_a sickness_n whatsoever_o in_o the_o second_o commentary_n i_o brief_o touch_v the_o commodity_n of_o good_a discovery_n but_o because_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n in_o the_o fortunate_a carriage_n of_o a_o war_n i_o will_v once_o again_o by_o this_o example_n of_o caesar_n remember_v a_o general_n not_o to_o be_v negligent_a in_o this_o duty_n suetonius_n in_o the_o life_n of_o our_o caesar_n report_v that_o he_o never_o undertake_v any_o expedition_n but_o he_o first_o receive_v true_a intelligence_n of_o the_o particular_a site_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n as_o also_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o undertake_v the_o voyage_n into_o brittany_n until_o he_o have_v make_v perfect_a discovery_n by_o himself_o of_o the_o magnitude_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o island_n which_o suetonius_n may_v understand_v by_o this_o first_o voyage_n which_o caesar_n will_v needs_o undertake_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o a_o summer_n although_o it_o be_v as_o he_o himself_o say_v but_o to_o discover_v it_o be_v record_v by_o ancient_a writer_n that_o those_o demigod_n that_o govern_v the_o world_n in_o their_o time_n give_v great_a honour_n to_o the_o exercise_n of_o hunt_v as_o the_o perfect_a image_n of_o war_n in_o the_o resemblance_n of_o all_o part_n and_o namely_o in_o the_o discovery_n and_o knowledge_n of_o a_o country_n without_o which_o all_o enterprise_n either_o of_o sport_n in_o hunt_v or_o earnest_n in_o war_n be_v frivolous_a and_o of_o no_o effect_n and_o therefore_o zenophon_n in_o the_o life_n of_o cyrus_n show_v that_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o repetition_n of_o such_o sport_n as_o he_o have_v use_v in_o hunt_v howsoever_o if_o the_o infinite_a example_n register_v in_o history_n how_o by_o the_o dexterity_n of_o some_o leader_n it_o have_v gain_v great_a victory_n &_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o other_o irrecoverable_a overthrow_n be_v not_o sufficient_a motive_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o this_o duty_n let_v their_o own_o experience_n in_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n manifest_a the_o weakness_n of_o their_o proceed_n when_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o chief_a circumstance_n of_o the_o matter_n they_o have_v in_o hand_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o good_a discovery_n and_o let_v we_o learn_v of_o caesar_n what_o be_v principal_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o in_o the_o discovery_n of_o a_o unknown_a country_n as_o first_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o land_n second_o what_o nation_n inhabit_v it_o three_o their_o use_n of_o war_n four_a their_o civil_a government_n and_o last_o what_o haven_n they_o have_v to_o receive_v a_o navy_n of_o great_a ship_n all_o which_o circumstance_n be_v such_o principal_a artery_n in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o state_n that_o the_o discovery_n of_o any_o one_o of_o these_o demand_n will_v have_v give_v great_a light_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n chap._n ix_o caesar_n send_v c._n volusenus_n to_o discover_v the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n and_o prepare_v himself_o for_o that_o voyage_n caesar_z send_v out_o caius_n volusenus_n monstrell_n with_o a_o galley_n to_o discover_v what_o he_o can_v concern_v these_o thing_n and_o to_o return_v again_o unto_o he_o very_o speedy_o he_o himself_o march_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n with_o all_o his_o force_n unto_o the_o morini_n forasmuch_o as_o from_o thence_o lay_v the_o short_a cut_n into_o brittany_n thither_o he_o command_v that_o ship_n shall_v be_v bring_v from_o all_o the_o maritimate_a city_n of_o that_o quarter_n and_o namely_o that_o fleet_n which_o he_o have_v build_v the_o year_n before_o for_o the_o war_n at_o vannes_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n his_o resolution_n be_v know_v and_o carry_v into_o brittany_n by_o merchant_n and_o other_o many_o private_a state_n of_o that_o island_n send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o promise_v he_o hostage_n of_o their_o loyalty_n and_o signify_v their_o readiness_n to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n to_o these_o he_o make_v liberal_a promise_n exhort_v they_o to_o continue_v in_o that_o obedience_n and_o so_o send_v they_o back_o again_o and_o with_o they_o he_o send_v comius_n who_o he_o have_v make_v king_n of_o arras_n who_o wisdom_n and_o virtue_n he_o hold_v in_o good_a account_n and_o know_v it_o to_o be_v of_o great_a authority_n in_o those_o region_n to_o he_o he_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o go_v to_o as_o many_o of_o the_o state_n as_o he_o can_v and_o persuade_v they_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o that_o caesar_n himself_o will_v present_o follow_v after_o volusenus_n have_v take_v what_o view_n of_o the_o country_n he_o can_v for_o he_o dare_v not_o go_v on_o shore_n to_o commit_v himself_o to_o the_o barbarism_n of_o the_o enemy_n after_o five_o day_n return_v to_o caesar_n and_o while_o he_o stay_v in_o those_o place_n for_o the_o furnish_n of_o his_o fleet_n the_o morini_n send_v messenger_n unto_o he_o excuse_v their_o former_a fault_n and_o manifest_v their_o readiness_n to_o obey_v his_o mandate_n caesar_n not_o willing_a to_o leave_v any_o enemy_n behind_o he_o or_o to_o neglect_v his_o voyage_n into_o brittany_n for_o such_o small_a matter_n he_o willing_o accept_v of_o their_o submission_n have_v first_o receive_v many_o hostage_n of_o they_o and_o have_v make_v ready_a eighty_o ship_n of_o burden_n which_o he_o think_v sufficient_a to_o transport_v two_o legion_n he_o divide_v the_o galley_n to_o the_o quaestor_n the_o legate_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o horse_n there_o be_v also_o eighteen_o ship_n of_o burden_n more_o which_o lie_v windbound_v at_o a_o port_n eight_o mile_n off_o
and_o they_o he_o appoint_v for_o the_o horseman_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n he_o commit_v to_o q._n titurius_n sabinus_n and_o l._n arunculeius_fw-la cotta_n command_v they_o to_o go_v to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o menapij_n and_o appoint_v p._n sulp._n rufus_n a_o legate_n to_o keep_v the_o port_n with_o a_o sufficient_a garrizon_n chap._n x._o caesar_n sail_v into_o brittany_n and_o land_v his_o man_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o dispatch_v have_v a_o good_a wind_n in_o the_o three_o watch_n caesar_n he_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n command_v his_o horseman_n to_o embark_v themselves_o at_o the_o further_a port_n which_o be_v but_o slow_o perform_v he_o himself_o arrive_v upon_o the_o coast_n about_o the_o four_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n where_o he_o find_v all_o the_o cliff_n possess_v with_o the_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n be_v such_o that_o the_o hill_n lie_v so_o steep_a over_o the_o sea_n that_o a_o weapon_n may_v easy_o be_v cast_v from_o the_o high_a ground_n upon_o the_o low_a shore_n and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o no_o fit_a land_n place_n notwithstanding_o he_o cast_v anchor_n until_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o navy_n be_v come_v up_o unto_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n calling_n a_o council_n of_o the_o legate_n and_o tribune_n he_o declare_v unto_o they_o what_o advertisement_n he_o have_v receive_v by_o volusenus_n and_o tell_v they_o what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v and_o withal_o admonish_v they_o that_o the_o course_n of_o military_a affair_n and_o especial_o sea_n matter_n that_o have_v so_o sudden_a and_o a_o unconstant_a motion_n require_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v at_o a_o beck_n and_o in_o due_a time_n the_o council_n be_v dismiss_v have_v both_o wind_n and_o tide_n with_o he_o he_o weigh_v anchor_n and_o sail_v eight_o mile_n from_o that_o place_n unto_o a_o plain_a and_o open_a shore_n the_o britain_n perceive_v the_o roman_n determination_n send_v their_o horse_n and_o chariot_n before_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o force_n follow_v after_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n intend_v to_o land_n caesar_n find_v it_o exceed_v difficult_a to_o land_v his_o man_n for_o these_o respect_n the_o ship_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v near_o unto_o the_o shore_n the_o soldier_n in_o strange_a and_o unknown_a place_n have_v their_o hand_n lade_v with_o great_a and_o heavy_a weapon_n be_v at_o one_o instant_a to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o billow_n and_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n whereas_o the_o britain_n either_o stand_v upon_o the_o shore_n or_o make_v short_a sally_n into_o the_o water_n do_v bold_o cast_v their_o weapon_n in_o know_v and_o frequent_v place_n and_o manage_v their_o horse_n as_o accustom_v to_o such_o service_n the_o roman_n be_v terrify_v with_o these_o thing_n and_o altogether_o unskilful_a of_o this_o kind_n of_o fight_n do_v use_v the_o same_o courage_n as_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o do_v in_o land_n service_n which_o when_o caesar_n perceive_v he_o cause_v the_o galley_n that_o be_v both_o strange_a to_o the_o britain_n and_o ready_a for_o use_v to_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n and_o to_o be_v row_v up_o and_o down_o and_o lay_v against_o the_o open_a side_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o from_o thence_o with_o slinge_n engine_n &_o arrow_n the_o enemy_n may_v be_v beat_v up_o from_o the_o water_n side_n which_o stand_v the_o roman_n in_o good_a steed_n for_o the_o britain_n be_v trouble_v with_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o galley_n the_o motion_n of_o their_o oar_n and_o the_o unusual_a kind_n of_o engine_n be_v somewhat_o dismay_v and_o begin_v to_o retire_v back_o and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o soldier_n still_o linger_a and_o especial_o for_o fear_v of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o eagle-bearer_n of_o the_o ten_o legion_n desire_v the_o god_n that_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o happy_o to_o the_o legion_n if_o you_o will_v say_v he_o forsake_v your_o eagle_n o_o you_o soldier_n and_o betray_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v do_v my_o duty_n both_o to_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o to_o my_o imperator_n and_o have_v speak_v this_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n he_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o carry_v the_o eagle_n toward_o the_o enemy_n the_o roman_n exhort_v one_o another_o not_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o dishonour_n to_o be_v commit_v they_o all_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n which_o when_o other_o that_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n perceive_v they_o follow_v they_o with_o as_o great_a alacrity_n and_o press_v towards_o the_o enemy_n to_o encounter_v with_o they_o the_o fight_n on_o both_o part_n be_v very_o eager_a the_o roman_n not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v any_o order_n of_o battle_n nor_o to_o get_v any_o firm_a foot_n nor_o to_o follow_v their_o ensign_n forasmuch_o as_o every_o man_n keep_v with_o those_o ensign_n which_o he_o first_o meet_v withal_o be_v wonderful_o trouble_v but_o the_o enemy_n acquaint_v with_o the_o flat_n and_o shallows_n as_o they_o behold_v they_o from_o the_o shore_n to_o come_v single_a out_o of_o their_o ship_n put_v spur_n to_o their_o horse_n will_v set_v upon_o they_o encumber_v and_o unprepared_a and_o many_o of_o they_o will_v overlie_v a_o few_o other_o will_v get_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o open_a side_n and_o cast_v their_o weapon_n among_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o they_o which_o when_o caesar_n perceive_v he_o cause_v the_o shipboate_n and_o small_a vessel_n to_o be_v man_v with_o soldier_n and_o where_o he_o see_v need_n of_o help_n he_o send_v they_o to_o rescue_v such_o as_o be_v overcharge_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o roman_n get_v foot_v on_o the_o firm_a land_n they_o make_v head_n together_o and_o charge_v the_o enemy_n and_o so_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n but_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o follow_v they_o nor_o take_v the_o island_n at_o that_o time_n for_o want_v of_o horseman_n which_o thing_n be_v only_o want_v to_o caesar_n fortune_n the_o first_o observation_n upon_o this_o circumstance_n of_o land_v i_o may_v just_o take_v occasion_n to_o handle_v that_o controversy_n which_o have_v be_v often_o debate_v by_o our_o english_a captain_n which_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a in_o question_n of_o a_o invasion_n and_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o our_o ship_n to_o oppose_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n upon_o our_o coast_n or_o quiet_o to_o suffer_v he_o to_o set_v his_o man_n on_o shore_n and_o retire_v our_o force_n into_o some_o inland_n place_n and_o there_o attend_v to_o give_v he_o battle_n it_o seem_v that_o such_o as_o first_o set_v this_o question_n on_o foot_n and_o be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n to_o encounter_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n for_o so_o we_o may_v much_o endanger_v ourselves_o and_o our_o country_n do_v ground_n themselves_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr langey_a not_o observe_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o island_n and_o a_o continent_n for_o where_o he_o set_v down_o that_o position_n he_o plain_o aim_v at_o such_o prince_n as_o border_v one_o upon_o a_o other_o in_o the_o same_o continent_n but_o where_o their_o territory_n be_v disjoin_v by_o so_o great_a a_o bar_n as_o the_o ocean_n and_o have_v not_o such_o mean_n to_o surprise_n one_o a_o other_o it_o be_v mere_a folly_n to_o hold_v good_a that_o rule_n as_o shall_v better_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o i_o will_v first_o lay_v down_o the_o reason_n that_o may_v be_v urge_v to_o prove_v it_o unsafe_a to_o oppose_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n not_o as_o be_v urge_v by_o that_o party_n for_o i_o never_o hear_v any_o probable_a motive_n from_o they_o which_o may_v induce_v any_o such_o opinion_n but_o set_v down_o by_o such_o as_o have_v look_v into_o the_o controversy_n both_o with_o experience_n and_o good_a judgement_n and_o first_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o place_n as_o of_o time_n for_o be_v ignorant_a in_o what_o place_n he_o will_v attempt_v a_o land_n we_o must_v either_o defend_v all_o place_n of_o access_n or_o our_o intention_n will_v prove_v mere_a frivolous_a and_o to_o perform_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o our_o defensive_a force_n be_v sufficient_a according_a to_o the_o particular_a quality_n of_o every_o place_n subject_n to_o danger_n which_o consider_v the_o large_a extension_n of_o our_o maritimate_a part_n and_o the_o many_o land_a place_n on_o our_o coast_n will_v require_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n than_o this_o
and_o as_o zonaras_n in_o his_o second_o tome_n say_v be_v never_o give_v but_o upon_o some_o great_a exploit_n and_o after_o a_o just_a victory_n obtain_v and_o then_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o enemy_n overthrow_v the_o general_n be_v salute_v by_o the_o name_n of_o imperator_n with_o the_o triumphant_a shout_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n by_o which_o acclamation_n the_o soldier_n give_v testimony_n of_o his_o worth_n and_o make_v it_o equivalent_a with_o the_o most_o fortunate_a commander_n this_o ceremony_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o history_n annal._n and_o namely_o by_o tacitus_n where_o he_o say_v that_o tiberius_n give_v that_o honour_n to_o blesus_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v salute_v imperator_fw-la by_o the_o legion_n which_o he_o show_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a dignity_n belong_v to_o great_a captain_n after_o they_o have_v foil_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o eminent_a overthrow_n for_o every_o victory_n be_v not_o sufficient_a whereby_o they_o may_v challenge_v so_o great_a a_o honour_n but_o there_o be_v require_v as_o it_o seem_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v slay_v apian_a in_o his_o second_o book_n say_v that_o in_o old_a time_n the_o name_n of_o imperator_n be_v never_o take_v but_o upon_o great_a and_o admirable_a exploit_n but_o in_o his_o time_n 10000_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o battle_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o that_o honour_n cicero_n say_v that_o 2000_o slay_v in_o the_o place_n especial_o of_o thracian_n 14._o spaniard_n or_o gall_n do_v worthy_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o imperator_n howsoever_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o same_o author_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n require_v to_o be_v slay_v 9_o where_o he_o say_v se_fw-la insta_fw-la victoria_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la appellatum_fw-la chap._n xi_o the_o britain_n make_v peace_n with_o caesar_n but_o break_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o roman_a ship_v the_o britain_n be_v overthrow_v in_o this_o battle_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o safety_n by_o flight_n they_o present_o dispatch_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o peace_n promise_v hostage_n and_o obedience_n in_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v and_o with_o these_o ambassador_n return_v comius_n of_o arras_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v before_o into_o brittany_n caesar_n complain_v that_o whereas_o they_o send_v unto_o he_o into_o gallia_n to_o desire_v peace_n notwithstanding_o at_o his_o come_n they_o make_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o cause_n or_o reason_n at_o all_o but_o excuse_v it_o by_o their_o ignorance_n he_o command_v hostage_n to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o which_o they_o present_o perform_v in_o part_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v further_o off_o shall_v likewise_o be_v render_v within_o a_o short_a time_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n they_o command_v their_o people_n to_o return_v to_o their_o possession_n and_o their_o ruler_n and_o prince_n come_v out_o of_o all_o quarter_n to_o commend_v themselves_o and_o their_o state_n to_o caesar_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v four_o day_n after_o that_o caesar_n come_v into_o brittany_n the_o eighteen_o ship_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horseman_n put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o gentle_a wind_n and_o approach_v so_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n that_o they_o be_v within_o view_v of_o the_o roman_a camp_n there_o arise_v such_o a_o sudden_a tempest_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v their_o course_n but_o some_o of_o they_o return_v to_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v othersome_a be_v cast_v upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n ward_n and_o there_o cast_v anchor_n take_v in_o such_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o commit_v themselves_o again_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o direct_v their_o course_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o gallia_n the_o same_o night_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o full_a the_o tide_n be_v very_o high_a in_o those_o sea_n whereof_o the_o roman_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a both_o the_o galley_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o upon_o the_o shore_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o tide_n and_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n that_o lie_v at_o anchor_n be_v shake_v with_o the_o tempest_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o help_n to_o be_v give_v unto_o they_o so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v rend_v and_o split_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o rest_n lose_v both_o their_o anchor_n gable_n and_o other_o tackle_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v altogether_o unseruiceable_a whereat_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v exceed_o trouble_v for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ship_v to_o recarrie_v they_o bcke_v again_o neither_o have_v they_o any_o necessary_n to_o new_a furnish_v the_o old_a and_o every_o man_n know_v that_o they_o must_v needs_o winter_n in_o gallia_n for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n of_o corn_n in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v which_o thing_n be_v know_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o brittany_n that_o be_v assemble_v to_o confer_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v they_o to_o perform_v when_o they_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n want_v both_o their_o horseman_n ship_v and_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o conjecture_v of_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o force_n by_o the_o small_a circuit_n of_o their_o camp_n and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o important_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o caesar_n have_v transport_v his_o soldier_n without_o such_o necessary_a carriage_n as_o they_o use_v to_o take_v with_o they_o they_o think_v it_o their_o best_a course_n to_o rebel_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roman_n from_o corn_n and_o convoy_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o prolong_v the_o matter_n until_o winter_n come_v on_o for_o they_o think_v that_o if_o these_o be_v once_o overthrow_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o return_v into_o gallia_n never_o any_o man_n will_v afterward_o adventure_v to_o bring_v a_o army_n into_o brittany_n therefore_o they_o conspire_v again_o the_o second_o time_n and_o convey_v themselves_o by_o stealth_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o get_v their_o man_n privy_o out_o of_o the_o field_n to_o make_v head_n in_o some_o convenient_a place_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o it_o have_v already_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o second_o book_n to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v this_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v how_o the_o roman_n become_v so_o ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a of_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o watery_a element_n be_v altogether_o direct_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o she_o exercise_v her_o regency_n according_a as_o she_o find_v the_o matter_n qualify_v for_o her_o influence_n and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o all_o mediterrean_a sea_n and_o such_o gulf_n as_o be_v enclose_v in_o sinew_n and_o bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v both_o abridge_v of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o course_n and_o through_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o quantity_n be_v not_o so_o capable_a of_o celestial_a power_n as_o the_o ocean_n itself_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o the_o tuskane_n sea_n wherewith_o the_o roman_n be_v chief_o acquaint_v be_v not_o so_o answerable_a in_o effect_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o main_a sea_n who_o bound_n be_v range_v in_o a_o more_o spacious_a circuit_n and_o through_o the_o plenteous_a abundance_n of_o his_o part_n better_a answer_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o ocean_n therefore_o be_v thus_o obedient_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n take_v her_o course_n of_o flow_v from_o the_o north_n fall_v with_o such_o a_o currant_n between_o the_o orcades_n and_o the_o main_a of_o noruegia_n that_o she_o fill_v our_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o france_n with_o great_a swell_a tide_n and_o make_v her_o motion_n more_o eminent_a in_o these_o quarter_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o our_o river_n of_o thames_n lie_v with_o her_o mouth_n so_o ready_a to_o receive_v the_o tide_n as_o it_o come_v and_o have_v withal_o a_o plain_a level_v belly_n and_o a_o very_a small_a fresh_a currant_n take_v the_o tide_n as_o far_o into_o the_o land_n as_o any_o other_o know_v river_n of_o europe_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n in_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n the_o second_o observation_n such_o as_o either_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n or_o otherwise_o by_o observation_n of_o that_o which_o history_n record_v be_v acquaint_v with_o
the_o government_n of_o common_a weal_n be_v not_o ignorant_a with_o what_o difficulty_n a_o nation_n that_o either_o have_v long_o live_v in_o liberty_n or_o be_v govern_v by_o commander_n of_o their_o own_o choose_v be_v make_v subject_n to_o the_o yoke_n of_o bondage_n or_o reduce_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o a_o stranger_n for_o as_o we_o be_v apt_a by_o a_o natural_a inclination_n to_o civil_a society_n so_o by_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o desire_v a_o free_a disposition_n of_o ourselves_o and_o possession_n as_o the_o chief_a end_n of_o the_o say_a society_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o government_n of_o a_o subdue_a state_n what_o loss_n or_o disadvantage_n happen_v to_o the_o victor_n or_o how_o indirect_o soever_o it_o concern_v the_o bond_n of_o their_o thraldom_n the_o captive_a people_n behold_v it_o as_o a_o part_n of_o their_o adversary_n overthrow_n and_o conceive_v thereupon_o such_o spirit_n as_o answer_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o hope_n and_o sort_n with_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o will_n which_o always_o make_v that_o seem_v easy_a to_o be_v effect_v which_o it_o desire_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o britain_n be_v alter_v their_o resolution_n of_o peace_n upon_o the_o loss_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v receive_v in_o their_o ship_n chap._n xii_o caesar_n new_a trim_v his_o late_a shake_a navy_n the_o britain_n set_v upon_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o harue_v but_o be_v put_v off_o by_o caesar_n caesar_z although_o he_o have_v not_o discover_v their_o determination_n yet_o conjecture_v of_o the_o event_n by_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o ship_n and_o by_o their_o delay_n of_o give_v up_o hostage_n he_o provide_v against_o all_o chance_n for_o he_o bring_v corn_n daily_o out_o of_o the_o field_n into_o his_o camp_n and_o take_v the_o hul_n of_o such_o ship_n as_o be_v most_o dismember_v and_o with_o the_o timber_n and_o brass_n thereof_o he_o mend_v the_o rest_n that_o be_v beat_v with_o the_o tempest_n cause_v other_o necessary_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o gallia_n which_o be_v handle_v with_o the_o great_a industry_n and_o travel_n of_o the_o soldier_n he_o lose_v only_o twelve_o ship_n and_o make_v the_o other_o able_a to_o abide_v the_o sea_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v in_o action_n the_o seven_o legion_n be_v send_v out_o by_o course_n to_o fetch_v in_o corn_n and_o little_o suspect_v any_o motion_n of_o war_n as_o part_v of_o the_o soldier_n continue_v in_o the_o field_n and_o the_o rest_n go_v and_o come_v between_o they_o and_o the_o camp_n the_o station_n that_o watch_v before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n give_v advertisement_n to_o caesar_n that_o the_o same_o way_n which_o the_o legion_n go_v there_o appear_v a_o great_a dust_n than_o be_v usual_o see_v caesar_n suspect_v that_o which_o in_o deed_n be_v true_a that_o the_o britain_n be_v be_v enter_v into_o some_o new_a resolution_n he_o take_v those_o two_o cohort_n which_o be_v in_o station_n before_o the_o port_n command_v other_o two_o to_o take_v their_o place_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o arm_v themselves_o and_o present_o to_o follow_v he_o and_o go_v that_o way_n where_o the_o dust_n be_v descry_v and_o when_o he_o have_v march_v some_o distance_n from_o the_o camp_n he_o see_v his_o man_n overcharge_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o scarce_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o assault_n the_o legion_n throng_v together_o on_o a_o heap_n and_o weapon_n cast_v from_o all_o part_n among_o they_o for_o when_o they_o have_v harue_v all_o other_o quarter_n there_o remain_v one_o piece_n of_o corn_n whither_o the_o enemy_n suspect_v the_o roman_n will_v at_o last_o come_v and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n convey_v themselves_o secret_o into_o the_o wood_n where_o they_o continue_v until_o the_o roman_n be_v come_v into_o the_o field_n and_o as_o they_o see_v they_o disarm_v disperse_v and_o occupy_v in_o reap_v they_o sudden_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o slay_v some_o few_o of_o they_o rout_z the_o rest_n and_o encompass_v they_o about_o with_o their_o horseman_n and_o chariot_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_n with_o chariot_n be_v first_o to_o ride_v up_o and_o down_o and_o cast_v their_o weapon_n as_o they_o see_v advantage_n and_o with_o the_o terror_n of_o their_o horse_n &_o rattel_v of_o their_o wheel_n to_o disorder_v the_o company_n and_o when_o they_o have_v wound_v themselves_o between_o any_o troop_n of_o horse_n they_o forsake_v their_o chariot_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o guider_n of_o their_o chariot_n will_v drive_v a_o little_a aside_o and_o so_o place_n themselves_o that_o if_o their_o master_n need_v any_o help_n they_o may_v have_v a_o easy_a passage_n unto_o they_o and_o thus_o they_o perform_v in_o all_o their_o fight_n both_o the_o nimble_a motion_n of_o horseman_n and_o the_o firm_a stability_n of_o footman_n and_o be_v so_o ready_a with_o daily_a practice_n that_o they_o can_v stay_v in_o the_o declivitie_n of_o a_o steep_a hill_n and_o turn_v short_a or_o moderate_v their_o go_n as_o it_o seem_v best_o unto_o they_o and_o run_v along_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o coach_n and_o rest_n upon_o the_o yoke_n or_o harness_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o return_v as_o speedy_o again_o at_o their_o pleasure_n the_o roman_n be_v thus_o trouble_v caesar_n come_v to_o rescue_v they_o in_o very_o good_a time_n for_o at_o his_o come_n the_o enemy_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o soldier_n gather_v their_o spirit_n unto_o they_o and_o begin_v to_o renew_v their_o courage_n that_o be_v almost_o spend_v caesar_n think_v it_o a_o unfit_a time_n either_o to_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n or_o to_o give_v he_o battle_n he_o continue_v a_o while_n in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o then_o return_v with_o the_o legion_n into_o the_o camp_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v and_o the_o roman_n thus_o busy_v the_o britain_n that_o be_v in_o the_o field_n convey_v themselves_o all_o away_o the_o first_o observation_n by_o this_o we_o plain_o find_v that_o there_o be_v usual_o two_o cohorte_n which_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o 120_o in_o a_o maniple_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 720_o man_n which_o keep_v the_o day_n watch_v before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o be_v always_o in_o readiness_n upon_o any_o service_n the_o commodity_n whereof_o appear_v by_o this_o accident_n for_o consider_v that_o the_o advertisement_n require_v haste_n and_o speedy_a recourse_n it_o great_o further_v their_o rescue_n to_o have_v so_o many_o man_n ready_a to_o march_v forward_o at_o the_o first_o motion_n that_o they_o may_v give_v what_o help_n they_o can_v until_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o fellow_n come_v in_o the_o second_o observation_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_n with_o chariot_n be_v very_o particular_o describe_v by_o caesar_n and_o need_v not_o to_o be_v stand_v upon_o any_o long_a only_o i_o observe_v that_o neither_o in_o gallia_n nor_o any_o other_o country_n of_o europe_n the_o use_n of_o chariot_n be_v never_o mention_v but_o they_o have_v ever_o be_v attribute_v as_o a_o peculiar_a fight_n unto_o the_o eastern_a country_n as_o suitable_a to_o the_o plain_a and_o level_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n whereof_o we_o find_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o argument_n to_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n to_o prove_v the_o britain_n descent_n from_o troie_n in_o asia_n where_o we_o likewise_o find_v mention_n of_o such_o chariot_n the_o three_o observation_n three_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o discreet_a or_o moderate_a temper_n of_o his_o valour_n and_o the_o mean_n he_o use_v to_o make_v his_o soldier_n confident_a in_o his_o direction_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o britain_n have_v exceed_o urge_v he_o to_o make_v hazard_n of_o a_o present_a revenge_n yet_o find_v it_o a_o unfit_a time_n inasmuch_o as_o his_o man_n have_v be_v somewhat_o trouble_v with_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o britain_n he_o think_v it_o best_a to_o expect_v some_o other_o opportunity_n and_o again_o to_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o a_o fearful_a retreat_n he_o continue_v a_o while_n in_o the_o same_o place_n to_o embolden_v his_o man_n with_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v wrought_v a_o full_a persuasion_n in_o his_o soldier_n that_o his_o action_n be_v direct_v with_o knowledge_n and_o with_o a_o careful_a respect_n of_o their_o safety_n which_o give_v his_o man_n resolution_n when_o they_o be_v carry_v upon_o service_n be_v assure_v that_o what_o service_n soever_o they_o be_v employ_v upon_o be_v most_o diligent_o to_o be_v perform_v as_o a_o matter_n much_o import_v the_o fortunate_a issue_n of_o that_o war_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v perceive_v that_o headstrong_a fury_n which_o carry_v man_n on_o with_o a_o desire_n of_o victory_n and_o never_o look_v into_o the_o mean_n
the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n he_o march_v towards_o they_o leave_v ten_o cohorte_n and_o 300_o horse_n for_o a_o garizon_n to_o his_o ship_n which_o he_o the_o less_o fear_v because_o it_o lay_v at_o anchor_n in_o a_o soft_a and_o open_a shore_n he_o march_v that_o night_n about_o 12_o mile_n before_o he_o find_v the_o enemy_n the_o britain_n send_v out_o their_o horse_n and_o chariot_n to_o a_o river_n that_o run_v between_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n and_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o upper_a ground_n begin_v to_o hinder_v the_o roman_n and_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n but_o be_v beat_v back_o with_o our_o horseman_n they_o convey_v themselves_o into_o a_o wood_n the_o place_n be_v strong_o fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n and_o make_v for_o a_o defence_n as_o it_o seem_v in_o their_o civil_a war_n for_o all_o the_o entrance_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o great_a tree_n lay_v overthwart_o the_o passage_n and_o the_o britain_n be_v show_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n but_o here_o and_o there_o not_o suffer_v the_o roman_n to_o enter_v the_o fortification_n but_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o seven_o legion_n with_o a_o testudo_fw-la which_o they_o make_v and_o a_o mount_n which_o they_o raise_v take_v the_o place_n and_o drive_v they_o all_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n without_o any_o loss_n at_o all_o save_v some_o few_o wound_n which_o they_o receive_v but_o caesar_n forbid_v his_o man_n to_o follow_v after_o they_o with_o any_o long_a pursuit_n because_o he_o be_v both_o ignorant_a of_o the_o place_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o day_n be_v spend_v he_o will_v employ_v the_o rest_n thereof_o in_o the_o fortification_n of_o his_o camp_n observation_n caesar_n have_v take_v what_o assurance_n of_o peace_n he_o can_v with_o the_o gall_n both_o by_o carry_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o prince_n with_o he_o and_o by_o leave_v three_o legion_n in_o the_o continent_n to_o keep_v the_o vulgar_a people_n in_o obedience_n he_o embark_v all_o his_o man_n at_o one_o place_n that_o they_o may_v be_v all_o partaker_n of_o the_o same_o casualty_n and_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o same_o adventure_n which_o be_v neglect_v the_o year_n before_o draw_v he_o into_o many_o inconvenience_n for_o want_n of_o horse_n which_o be_v embark_v at_o a_o other_o haven_n meet_v with_o other_o chance_n and_o see_v other_o fortune_n and_o never_o come_v to_o he_o into_o brittany_n the_o place_n of_o land_v in_o this_o second_o voyage_n be_v the_o same_o where_o he_o land_v the_o year_n before_o and_o by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o history_n may_v agree_v with_o that_o which_o tradition_n have_v deliver_v of_o deal_n in_o kent_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o caesar_n land_v in_o the_o first_o year_n we_o find_v that_o he_o never_o remove_v his_o camp_n from_o the_o sea_n shore_n where_o he_o first_o seat_v himself_o although_o his_o man_n go_v out_o to_o bring_v in_o corn_n as_o far_o as_o they_o may_v well_o return_v again_o at_o night_n but_o now_o he_o enter_v further_o into_o the_o island_n and_o within_o twelve_o mile_n march_n come_v unto_o a_o river_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o of_o canturbury_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o sandwich_n in_o that_o he_o say_v that_o the_o garizon_n of_o his_o ship_n consist_v of_o ten_o cohorte_n which_o i_o have_v say_v to_o be_v a_o legion_n we_o must_v understande_v that_o caesar_n leave_v not_o a_o entire_a legion_n in_o that_o garizon_n but_o he_o take_v ten_o cohort_n out_o of_o his_o whole_a force_n peradventure_o two_o out_o of_o every_o legion_n and_o appoint_v they_o to_o take_v the_o charge_n of_o his_o ship_n chap._n iii_o caesar_n return_v to_o his_o navy_n to_o take_v order_n for_o such_o loss_n as_o have_v happen_v by_o tempest_n the_o night_n before_o the_o next_o day_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n he_o divide_v his_o force_n into_o 3._o company_n and_o send_v they_o out_o to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n caesar_n but_o before_o they_o have_v march_v any_o far_a distance_n and_o come_v to_o have_v the_o rearward_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o view_n there_o come_v news_n from_o q._n atrius_n with_o who_o he_o leave_v the_o ten_o cohort_n and_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o ship_n that_o the_o night_n before_o there_o be_v such_o a_o tempest_n at_o sea_n that_o the_o whole_a navy_n be_v either_o sore_a beat_a or_o cast_v on_o shore_n and_o that_o neither_o anchor_n nor_o gable_n can_v hold_v they_o nor_o yet_o the_o sailor_n endure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o weather_n and_o that_o there_o be_v great_a loss_n in_o the_o ship_n by_o run_v against_o one_o another_o in_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tempest_n upon_o these_o news_n caesar_n cause_v the_o legion_n to_o be_v call_v back_o again_o and_o to_o cease_v for_o that_o time_n from_o follow_v the_o enemy_n any_o further_a he_o himself_o return_v to_o the_o navy_n where_o he_o find_v 40._o ship_n lose_v and_o the_o rest_n not_o to_o be_v repair_v but_o with_o great_a industry_n and_o pain_n first_o therefore_o he_o choose_v shipwrite_v and_o carpenter_n out_o of_o the_o legion_n and_o cause_v other_o to_o be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o gallia_n and_o write_v to_o labienus_n to_o make_v ready_a what_o ship_v he_o can_v and_o although_o it_o seem_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o much_o labour_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o best_o to_o hale_v up_o all_o the_o ship_n on_o shore_n and_o to_o enclose_v they_o within_o the_o fortification_n of_o his_o camp_n in_o this_o business_n he_o spend_v ten_o day_n without_o intermission_n either_o of_o night_n or_o day_n until_o he_o have_v draw_v up_o the_o ship_n and_o strong_o fortify_v the_o camp_n leave_v the_o same_o garrison_n which_o be_v there_o before_o to_o defend_v it_o the_o observation_n wherein_o we_o may_v behold_v the_o true_a image_n of_o undaunted_a valour_n and_o the_o horrible_a industry_n as_o tully_n term_v it_o which_o he_o use_v to_o prevent_v fortune_n of_o her_o stroke_n in_o his_o business_n and_o comprehend_v casualty_n and_o future_a contingent_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o order_n and_o the_o bound_n of_o his_o own_o power_n be_v able_a in_o ten_o day_n space_n to_o set_v almost_o eight_o hundred_o ship_n from_o the_o hazard_n of_o wind_n and_o weather_n and_o to_o make_v his_o camp_n the_o road_n for_o his_o navy_n that_o so_o he_o may_v rest_v secure_a of_o a_o mean_n to_o return_v at_o his_o pleasure_n chap._n four_o the_o britain_n make_v cassivellaunus_n general_a in_o this_o war_n the_o island_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n describe_v caesar_z returning_z to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v caesar_n find_v far_o great_a force_n of_o the_o britan_n there_o assemble_v than_o he_o leave_v when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o navy_n and_o that_o by_o public_a consent_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o whole_a government_n of_o that_o war_n be_v give_v to_o cassivellaunus_n who_o kingdom_n lie_v divide_v from_o the_o maritimate_a state_n with_o the_o river_n thames_n begin_v at_o the_o sea_n &_o extend_v itself_o 80._o mile_n into_o the_o island_n this_o cassivellaunus_n make_v continual_a war_n with_o his_o neighbour_n state_n but_o upon_o the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o all_o forget_v their_o homebred_a quarrel_n and_o cast_v the_o whole_a government_n upon_o his_o shoulder_n as_o the_o fit_a to_o direct_v that_o war_n the_o inner_a part_n of_o brittany_n be_v inhabit_v by_o such_o as_o memory_n record_v to_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o island_n and_o the_o maritimate_a coast_n by_o such_o as_o come_v out_o of_o belgia_n either_o to_o make_v incursion_n or_o invasion_n and_o after_o the_o war_n be_v end_v they_o continue_v in_o the_o possession_n they_o have_v gain_v and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v the_o country_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o well_o inhabit_v with_o house_n much_o like_a unto_o they_o in_o gallia_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o cattle_n and_o use_v brass_n for_o money_n or_o iron_n ring_v weigh_v at_o a_o certain_a rate_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n there_o be_v find_v great_a quantity_n of_o tyn_n and_o in_o the_o maritimate_a part_n iron_n their_o brass_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o other_o nation_n they_o have_v all_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o they_o have_v in_o gallia_n except_v the_o fig_n and_o the_o beech._n their_o religion_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o eat_v either_o hair_n hen_n or_o goose_n notwithstanding_o they_o have_v of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o for_o novelty_n as_o variety_n the_o country_n be_v more_o temperate_a and_o not_o so_o cold_a as_o gallia_n the_o island_n lie_v triangle_n wise_a whereof_o one_o side_n confront_v gallia_n of_o which_o side_n that_o angle_n wherein_o kent_n be_v point_v
either_o desperate_a or_o slow_a of_o performance_n and_o what_o defect_n soever_o rise_v from_o the_o horse_n must_v be_v answer_v out_o of_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o rider_n and_o sure_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o what_o thing_n soever_o draw_v we_o into_o the_o society_n of_o so_o great_a a_o hazard_n shall_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o own_o power_n the_o sword_n which_o we_o manage_v with_o our_o own_o hand_n afford_v great_a assurance_n than_o the_o harquebuse_n wherein_o there_o be_v many_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o action_n as_o the_o powder_n the_o stone_n the_o spring_n and_o such_o like_a whereof_o if_o the_o least_o fail_v of_o his_o part_n we_o likewise_o fail_v of_o our_o fortune_n but_o how_o probable_a soever_o this_o seem_v this_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o roman_a war_n the_o horse_n be_v ever_o defeat_v by_o the_o foot_n as_o be_v manifest_o prove_v in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o book_n chap._n vii_o caesar_n give_v the_o britain_n two_o several_a overthrow_n the_o next_o day_n the_o enemy_n make_v a_o stand_n upon_o the_o hill_n a_o far_o off_o from_o the_o camp_n caesar_n and_o show_v themselves_o not_o so_o often_o neither_o be_v they_o so_o busy_a with_o our_o horseman_n as_o they_o be_v the_o day_n before_o but_o about_o noon_n when_o caesar_n send_v out_o three_o legion_n and_o all_o his_o cavalry_n to_o get_v forage_n under_o the_o conduction_n of_o the_o caius_z trebonius_z a_o legate_n they_o make_v a_o sudden_a assault_n upon_o the_o forager_n and_o fall_v in_o close_a with_o the_o ensign_n and_o the_o legion_n the_o roman_n charge_v very_o fierce_o upon_o they_o and_o beat_v they_o back_o neither_o do_v they_o make_v a_o end_n of_o follow_v they_o until_o the_o horseman_n trust_v to_o the_o succour_n of_o the_o legion_n which_o be_v behind_o they_o put_v they_o all_o to_o flight_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o neither_o do_v they_o give_v they_o respite_n either_o to_o make_v head_n to_o make_v a_o stand_n or_o to_o forsake_v their_o chariot_n after_o this_o overthrow_n all_o their_o auxiliarie_n force_v depart_v from_o they_o neither_o do_v they_o afterward_o contend_v with_o the_o roman_n with_o any_o great_a power_n caesar_n understand_v their_o determination_n carry_v his_o army_n to_o the_o river_n thames_n and_o so_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o cassivellaunus_n which_o river_n be_v passable_a by_o foot_n but_o in_o one_o place_n only_o and_o that_o very_a hardly_o at_o his_o come_n he_o find_v a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v imbattail_v on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o the_o bank_n fortify_v with_o many_o sharp_a stake_n and_o many_o other_o also_o be_v plant_v covert_o under_o the_o water_n these_o thing_n be_v discover_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o captive_n and_o fugitive_n caesar_n put_v his_o horse_n before_o cause_v the_o legion_n to_o follow_v sudden_o after_o who_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v but_o their_o head_n clear_a above_o the_o water_n go_v with_o that_o violence_n that_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o charge_n but_o leave_v the_o bank_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n the_o observation_n this_o attempt_n of_o caesar_n seem_v so_o strange_a to_o brancatio_n that_o he_o run_v into_o as_o strange_a conclusion_n concern_v this_o matter_n as_o first_o that_o he_o that_o imitate_v caesar_n may_v doubt_v of_o his_o good_a fortune_n for_o his_o proceed_n in_o this_o point_n be_v not_o direct_v by_o any_o order_n of_o war_n and_o that_o a_o great_a commander_n have_v nothing_o common_a with_o other_o leader_n but_o especial_o he_o cry_v out_o at_o the_o baseness_n of_o the_o britain_n that_o will_v suffer_v themselves_o so_o cowardly_a to_o be_v beat_v but_o if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o art_n &_o good_a direction_n therein_o for_o be_v assure_v by_o the_o fugitive_n that_o the_o river_n be_v passable_a in_o that_o place_n &_o in_o that_o place_n only_o he_o know_v that_o he_o must_v either_o adventure_v over_o there_o or_o leave_n cassivellaunus_n for_o a_o other_o summer_n which_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a inducement_n to_o urge_v he_o to_o that_o enterprise_n the_o difficulty_n whereof_o be_v much_o relieve_v by_o good_a direction_n which_o consist_v of_o two_o point_n first_o by_o send_v over_o the_o horseman_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o legion_n who_o may_v better_o endure_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n than_o the_o footman_n can_v that_o be_v up_o to_o the_o neck_n in_o water_n and_o withal_o to_o shelter_v the_o footman_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n second_o he_o send_v they_o over_o with_o that_o speed_n that_o they_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o water_n before_o the_o enemy_n can_v tell_v what_o they_o attempt_v for_o if_o he_o have_v linger_v in_o the_o service_n and_o give_v the_o enemy_n leave_v to_o find_v the_o advantage_n which_o he_o have_v by_o experience_n his_o man_n have_v never_o be_v able_a to_o have_v endure_v the_o hazard_n of_o so_o dangerous_a a_o service_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o conjecture_v at_o the_o place_n where_o this_o service_n be_v perform_v for_o since_o the_o build_n of_o london_n bridge_n many_o ford_n have_v be_v scour_v with_o the_o current_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o water_n which_o before_o that_o time_n carry_v not_o such_o a_o depth_n as_o now_o they_o do_v chap._n vii_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o british_a war_n caesar_n return_v into_o gallia_n cassivellaunus_n have_v no_o courage_n to_o contend_v any_o long_o dismiss_v his_o great_a force_n and_o retain_v only_o four_o thousand_o chariot_n observe_v their_o journey_n keep_v the_o wood_n country_n and_o drive_v man_n and_o cattle_n out_o of_o the_o field_n into_o the_o wood_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o as_o their_o horseman_n stray_v out_o either_o for_o forage_v or_o booty_n he_o send_v his_o chariot_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n by_o unknown_a way_n and_o put_v their_o horseman_n to_o great_a peril_n in_o regard_n whereof_o the_o horseman_n dare_v never_o adventure_v further_o than_o the_o legion_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o more_o spoil_v do_v in_o the_o country_n then_o that_o which_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n do_v of_o themselves_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o trinobantes_n be_v almost_o the_o great_a state_n of_o all_o those_o country_n from_o who_o mandubratius_n have_v flee_v to_o caesar_n into_o gallia_n for_o that_o his_o father_n imanuentius_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n be_v slay_v by_o cassivellaunus_n send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o offer_v their_o submission_n and_o to_o entreat_v that_o mandubratius_n may_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o oppression_n of_o cassivellaunus_n and_o send_v unto_o they_o to_o take_v the_o kingdom_n caesar_n have_v receive_v from_o they_o forty_o pledge_n and_o corn_n for_o his_o army_n send_v mandubratius_n unto_o they_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v thus_o keep_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o cenimagni_n seguntiaci_n anacalites_n bibrocassi_n yield_v themselves_o to_o caesar_n by_o these_o he_o understand_v that_o cassivellaunus_n his_o town_n be_v not_o far_o off_o fortify_v with_o wood_n and_o bog_n and_o well_o store_v with_o man_n and_o cattle_n the_o britain_n call_n a_o town_n a_o thick_a wood_n enclose_v about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n make_v for_o a_o place_n of_o retreat_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o incursion_n from_o the_o borderer_n thither_o march_v caesar_n with_o his_o army_n and_o find_v it_o well_o fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n and_o as_o he_o assault_v it_o in_o two_o several_a place_n the_o enemy_n unable_a to_o keep_v it_o cast_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o town_n by_o a_o back_n way_n and_o so_o he_o take_v it_o where_o he_o find_v great_a store_n of_o cattle_n and_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o britain_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v cassivellaunus_n send_v messenger_n into_o kent_n wherein_o there_o be_v four_o several_a king_n cingetorix_n caruilius_n taximagulus_n and_o segonax_n they_o he_o command_v with_o all_o the_o power_n they_o can_v make_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o camp_n where_o the_o navy_n be_v keep_v these_o king_n come_v to_o the_o place_n be_v overthrow_v by_o a_o sally_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v out_o upon_o they_o many_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v and_o cingetorix_n take_v prisoner_n this_o battle_n concur_v with_o the_o former_a loss_n and_o especial_o move_v thereunto_o with_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o forename_a city_n cassivellaunus_n entreat_v peace_n of_o caesar_n by_o comius_n of_o arras_n caesar_n be_v determine_v to_o winter_n in_o the_o continent_n for_o fear_n of_o sudden_a commotion_n in_o gallia_n and_o that_o the_o summer_n be_v now_o
desire_v so_o to_o be_v and_o that_o after_o i_o have_v obtain_v his_o friendship_n i_o be_v glad_a of_o it_o i_o have_v see_v he_o joint_a officer_n with_o my_o father_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o praetorian_a cohort_n and_o not_o long_o after_o in_o manage_v the_o city_n affair_n and_o matter_n of_o war_n his_o kinsman_n and_o ally_n be_v advance_v to_o honour_n as_o every_o man_n be_v inward_a with_o sejanus_n so_o he_o be_v grace_v by_o caesar_n and_o contrariwise_o such_o as_o be_v not_o in_o his_o favour_n live_v in_o fear_n and_o distress_a with_o poverty_n neither_o do_v i_o allege_v any_o man_n for_o a_o example_n of_o this_o all_o of_o we_o who_o be_v not_o privy_a to_o his_o last_o attempt_n with_o the_o danger_n of_o my_o only_a estate_n i_o will_v defend_v not_o sejanus_n the_o vulsiniensis_n but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o claudian_a and_o julian_n family_n which_o by_o alliance_n he_o have_v enter_v into_o thy_o son_n in_o law_n caesar_n thy_o companion_n in_o the_o consulship_n and_o he_o who_o take_v upon_o he_o thy_o charge_n of_o administer_a the_o commonwealth_n we_o do_v reverence_n and_o honour_n it_o be_v not_o our_o part_n to_o judge_v of_o he_o who_o thou_o do_v exalt_v above_o the_o rest_n nor_o for_o what_o consideration_n to_o thou_o the_o high_a judgement_n of_o thing_n the_o god_n have_v give_v and_o to_o we_o the_o glory_n of_o obedience_n be_v leave_v we_o look_v into_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o see_v before_o our_o eye_n who_o thou_o do_v enrich_v who_o thou_o do_v advance_v to_o honour_n who_o have_v great_a power_n of_o hurt_v or_o help_v which_o sejanus_n to_o have_v have_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v the_o prince_n hide_a thought_n or_o if_o he_o go_v about_o any_o secret_a drift_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o sound_v and_o dangerous_a neither_o shall_v thou_o in_o the_o end_n reach_n unto_o they_o think_v not_o only_a lord_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o sejanus_n last_o day_n but_o of_o sixteen_o year_n in_o which_o we_o do_v likewise_o fawn_v upon_o and_o court_n satrius_n and_o pomponius_n and_o to_o be_v know_v unto_o his_o free_a man_n and_o partner_n be_v reckon_v for_o a_o high_a favour_n what_o then_o shall_v this_o defence_n be_v general_a and_o not_o distinguish_v but_o a_o confusion_n make_v of_o time_n past_a and_o his_o latter_a action_n no_o but_o let_v it_o by_o just_a bound_n and_o term_n be_v divide_v let_v the_o treason_n against_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o intention_n of_o murder_v the_o emperor_n be_v punish_v but_o as_o for_o the_o friendship_n duty_n pleasure_n and_o good_a turn_n the_o same_o end_n shall_v discharge_v and_o quit_v thou_o o_o caesar_n and_o we_o the_o constancy_n of_o this_o oration_n preval_v so_o much_o that_o his_o accuser_n be_v punish_v with_o exile_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o particularity_n decide_v the_o controversy_n and_o make_v the_o way_n plain_a to_o good_a direction_n chap._n xi_o the_o roman_n take_v their_o journey_n towards_o the_o next_o legion_n and_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o gall_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o day_n light_v appear_v they_o set_v forth_o of_o their_o camp_n caesar_n like_o man_n persuade_v that_o the_o counsel_n have_v be_v give_v they_o not_o by_o a_o enemy_n but_o by_o ambiorix_n a_o especial_a friend_n with_o a_o long_o tail_v march_n and_o as_o much_o baggage_n as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v the_o gall_n understand_v of_o their_o journey_n by_o their_o noise_n and_o watch_v in_o the_o night_n secret_o in_o the_o wood_n some_o two_o mile_n off_o lay_v a_o ambuscado_n in_o two_o several_a place_n of_o advantage_n and_o there_o attend_v the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o when_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o troop_n be_v enter_v into_o a_o valley_n sudden_o they_o show_v themselves_o on_o both_o side_n the_o vale_n press_v hard_a upon_o the_o rerewarde_n and_o hinder_v the_o foremost_a from_o go_v up_o the_o hill_n and_o so_o begin_v to_o charge_v upon_o the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o as_o great_a disadvantage_n for_o they_o as_o can_v be_v then_o at_o length_n titurius_n as_o one_o that_o have_v provide_v for_o nothing_o before_o hand_n begin_v to_o tremble_v run_v up_o and_o down_o and_o dispose_v his_o cohort_n but_o so_o fearful_o and_o after_o such_o a_o fashion_n as_o if_o all_o thing_n have_v go_v against_o he_o as_o it_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o such_o as_o be_v force_v to_o consult_v in_o the_o instance_n of_o execution_n the_o observation_n it_o now_o plain_o appear_v by_o this_o negligent_a and_o ill_o order_v march_n and_o the_o unlooked_a for_o encounter_v which_o the_o gall_n give_v they_o that_o fear_n have_v ratify_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o sabinus_n the_o smooth_a suggestion_n of_o ambiorix_n with_o a_o approbation_n of_o a_o certain_a truth_n and_o lay_v that_o for_o a_o principle_n which_o a_o discourse_n free_a from_o passion_n will_v have_v discern_v to_o be_v but_o weak_a and_o of_o no_o probability_n which_o so_o much_o the_o more_o amaze_v titurius_n by_o how_o much_o his_o apprehension_n have_v err_v from_o the_o truth_n and_o betray_v good_a counsel_n to_o a_o course_n full_a of_o danger_n which_o as_o caesar_n note_v must_v needs_o fall_v upon_o such_o as_o be_v then_o to_o seek_v for_o direction_n when_o the_o business_n require_v execution_n i_o have_v handle_v already_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o disappointment_n and_o therefore_o at_o this_o time_n will_v but_o bring_v it_o only_o into_o remembrance_n that_o we_o may_v take_v the_o great_a care_n to_o prevent_v a_o accident_n of_o that_o nature_n wherein_o as_o the_o best_a remedy_n for_o a_o evil_n be_v to_o foresee_v it_o according_a to_o the_o say_n praevisa_fw-la pereunt_fw-la mala_fw-la so_o the_o great_a mischief_n in_o a_o evil_a be_v when_o it_o come_v unthought_a of_o and_o beside_o our_o expectation_n for_o than_o it_o fall_v upon_o we_o with_o a_o supernatural_a weight_n and_o affright_v the_o mind_n with_o a_o superstitious_a astonishment_n as_o though_o the_o divine_a power_n have_v prevent_v our_o dessignement_n with_o a_o irremediable_a calamity_n and_o cut_v off_o our_o appointment_n with_o a_o contrary_a decree_n although_o peradventure_o the_o thing_n itself_o carry_v no_o such_o importance_n but_o may_v be_v remedy_v if_o we_o be_v but_o prepare_v with_o a_o opinion_n that_o such_o a_o thing_n may_v happen_v it_o be_v no_o ill_a counsel_n therefore_o what_o resolution_n soever_o be_v take_v to_o make_v as_o full_a account_n of_o that_o which_o may_v fall_v out_o to_o cross_v our_o intention_n as_o that_o which_o be_v likely_a to_o happen_v from_o the_o direction_n of_o our_o chief_a project_n and_o so_o we_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v a_o present_a mind_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o our_o occasion_n and_o feel_v no_o further_o danger_n then_o that_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n enforce_v chap._n xii_o the_o roman_n cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o orb_n and_o be_v much_o discourage_v but_o cotta_n who_o have_v before_o thought_n that_o these_o thing_n may_v happen_v by_o the_o way_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n will_v not_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o journey_n be_v not_o want_v in_o any_o thing_n that_o concern_v their_o common_a safety_n for_o both_o in_o call_v upon_o the_o soldier_n and_o encourage_v they_o he_o execute_v the_o place_n of_o a_o commander_n and_o in_o fight_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o soldier_n and_o when_o they_o find_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n of_o their_o troop_n they_o be_v not_o able_a in_o their_o own_o person_n to_o see_v all_o thing_n do_v and_o to_o give_v direction_n in_o every_o place_n they_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v proclaim_v that_o they_o shall_v all_o forsake_v their_o baggage_n and_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o orb_n which_o direction_n although_o in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reprove_v yet_o it_o fall_v out_o ill_a favoredlie_o for_o it_o both_o abate_v the_o courage_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o give_v the_o enemy_n great_a encouragement_n inasmuch_o as_o it_o seem_v that_o that_o course_n be_v not_o take_v but_o upon_o a_o great_a fear_n and_o in_o extremity_n of_o peril_n moreover_o it_o happen_v as_o it_o can_v not_o otherwise_o choose_v that_o the_o soldier_n go_v from_o their_o ensign_n to_o take_v from_o the_o carriage_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v most_o dear_a unto_o they_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o hear_v among_o they_o but_o clamour_n and_o weep_n but_o the_o barbarous_a gall_n be_v not_o to_o learn_v how_o to_o carry_v themselves_o for_o their_o commander_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v proclaim_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v stir_v out_o of_o his_o place_n for_o the_o prey_n be_v they_o and_o all_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v lay_v apart_o be_v reserve_v for_o they_o
and_o therefore_o let_v they_o suppose_v that_o all_o thing_n consist_v in_o the_o victory_n the_o roman_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o gall_n both_o in_o number_n of_o man_n and_o valour_n and_o albeit_o they_o be_v destitute_a of_o good_a captain_n and_o of_o good_a fortune_n yet_o they_o repose_v in_o their_o manhood_n all_o the_o hope_n of_o their_o safety_n and_o as_o often_o as_o any_o cohort_n issue_v out_o they_o fail_v not_o to_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n on_o that_o part_n the_o first_o observation_n i_o have_v already_o handle_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o orb_n with_o such_o property_n as_o be_v incident_a to_o a_o circle_n wherein_o i_o show_v the_o conveniency_n of_o this_o figure_n in_o regard_n of_o safe_a and_o strong_a imbattail_v i_o will_v now_o add_v this_o much_o concern_v the_o use_n thereof_o that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o best_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v for_o a_o defensive_a strength_n and_o therefore_o never_o use_v but_o in_o extremity_n so_o we_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a that_o the_o sudden_a betake_v of_o ourselves_o to_o such_o a_o refuge_n do_v not_o more_o dismay_v the_o soldier_n than_o the_o advantage_n of_o that_o imbattail_v can_v benefit_v they_o for_o unless_o a_o leader_n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v his_o man_n in_o courage_n that_o their_o heart_n may_v be_v free_a from_o despair_n and_o amazement_n what_o profit_n can_v there_o arise_v from_o any_o disposition_n or_o body_n soever_o when_o the_o particular_a member_n shall_v be_v senseless_a of_o that_o duty_n which_o belong_v unto_o they_o for_o order_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o assistance_n to_o courage_n give_v mean_n to_o manage_v our_o valour_n with_o advantage_n in_o the_o war_n of_o africa_n we_o read_v that_o caesar_n legion_n be_v encircle_v about_o with_o great_a multitude_n of_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o orb_n but_o he_o quick_o turn_v it_o to_o a_o better_a use_n by_o advance_v the_o two_o cornet_n two_o contrary_a way_n and_o so_o divide_v the_o enemy_n into_o two_o part_n and_o then_o beat_v they_o back_o to_o their_o great_a disadvantage_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o need_v not_o stand_v upon_o this_o order_n which_o the_o gall_n here_o take_v concern_v pillage_n that_o no_o soldior_fw-la shall_v forsake_v his_o station_n or_o disrank_v himself_o in_o hope_n of_o spoil_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o from_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o war_n have_v often_o change_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n and_o sell_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o public_a victory_n for_o private_a lucre_n and_o petty_a pilfer_n among_o other_o example_n 20_o let_v that_o which_o guichardine_n report_v of_o the_o battle_n of_o taro_n suffice_v to_o warn_v a_o well_o direct_v army_n as_o well_o by_o the_o good_a which_o charles_n the_o eight_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o france_n receive_v at_o that_o time_n as_o by_o the_o loss_n which_o the_o italian_n feel_v by_o that_o disorder_n not_o to_o seek_v after_o pillage_n until_o the_o victory_n be_v obtain_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o insufficiency_n of_o these_o commander_n whereof_o caesar_n now_o complain_v as_o the_o only_a want_n which_o these_o roman_n have_v to_o clear_v themselves_o of_o this_o danger_n bring_v to_o our_o consideration_n that_o which_o former_a time_n have_v make_v a_o question_n which_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o roman_a leader_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o their_o soldier_n that_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n to_o that_o greatness_n and_o make_v their_o people_n and_o senate_n lord_n of_o the_o world_n polybius_n weigh_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o victory_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n gain_v of_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o good_a direction_n of_o one_o zantippus_n a_o grecian_a have_v before_o that_o time_n receive_v diverse_a overthrow_n during_o the_o time_n of_o those_o war_n in_o africa_n conclude_v that_o it_o be_v more_o in_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o commander_n then_o in_o any_o extraordinary_a virtue_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o the_o roman_n achieve_v so_o many_o conquest_n and_o beside_o the_o present_a example_n of_o zantippus_n he_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n with_o the_o proceed_n of_o hannibal_n who_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n still_o gain_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n enlarge_a the_o territory_n of_o carthage_n and_o streighten_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o mighty_a rome_n until_o it_o have_v get_v a_o leader_n matchable_a to_o that_o subtle_a carthaginean_a and_o find_v a_o scipio_n to_o confront_v their_o hannibal_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v that_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n famous_a battle_n between_o the_o old_a roman_n and_o the_o last_o latin_n wherein_o both_o party_n be_v equal_o ballaunce_v both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n of_o their_o soldier_n have_v both_o the_o same_o arm_n the_o same_o use_n of_o their_o weapon_n and_o the_o same_o discipline_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n neither_o can_v fortune_n tell_v by_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o army_n where_o to_o bestow_v her_o favour_n or_o where_o to_o show_v her_o disdain_n but_o that_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o roman_a leader_n bring_v the_o odds_n in_o the_o trial_n and_o make_v rome_n great_a with_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o latin_n whereby_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o it_o import_v the_o whole_a fortune_n of_o a_o army_n to_o have_v a_o leader_n worthy_a of_o the_o place_n which_o he_o hold_v forasmuch_o as_o nothing_o do_v make_v a_o great_a difference_n of_o inequality_n between_o two_o equal_a army_n than_o the_o wisdom_n and_o experience_n of_o a_o grave_a commander_n or_o the_o disabilitie_n of_o a_o unskilful_a leader_n which_o be_v so_o powerful_a in_o their_o several_a effect_n that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n of_o a_o hear_v of_o heart_n lead_v by_o a_o lion_n then_o of_o so_o many_o lion_n conduct_v by_o a_o heart_n chap._n xiii_o ambiorix_n direct_v the_o gall_n how_o they_o may_v best_o fight_v with_o advantage_n and_o frustrate_v the_o weapon_n of_o roman_a soldier_n the_o which_o thing_n when_o ambiorix_n perceive_v caesar_n he_o command_v his_o man_n to_o throw_v their_o cast_a weapon_n a_o far_o off_o and_o keep_v themselves_o from_o come_v near_o at_o hand_n and_o where_o the_o roman_n charge_v upon_o they_o to_o give_v way_n and_o again_o as_o they_o see_v they_o retire_v to_o their_o ensign_n then_o to_o pursue_v they_o which_o commandment_n be_v so_o diligent_o observe_v by_o the_o gall_n that_o as_o oft_o as_o any_o cohort_n sally_v out_o of_o the_o orb_n to_o give_v a_o assault_n the_o enemy_n give_v back_o as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o be_v no_o help_n but_o that_o part_n must_v be_v leave_v naked_a and_o open_a to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o cast_v weapon_n and_o again_o as_o they_o retire_v to_o their_o place_n they_o be_v circumvent_v as_o well_o by_o they_o that_o have_v give_v place_n unto_o they_o as_o by_o such_o as_o stand_v next_o about_o they_o and_o if_o they_o go_v about_o to_o keep_v their_o ground_n they_o can_v neither_o help_v themselves_o by_o their_o manhood_n nor_o stand_v thick_a together_o avoid_z the_o dart_n that_o such_o a_o multitude_n cast_v upon_o they_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o inconvenience_n beside_o the_o wound_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v they_o stand_v still_o at_o their_o defence_n and_o have_v so_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o day_n for_o they_o have_v fight_v eight_o hour_n together_o they_o count_v nothing_o dishonourable_a or_o unworthy_a of_o themselves_o the_o observation_n i_o have_v speak_v already_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a fight_n consist_v altogether_o in_o good_a disposition_n of_o imbattail_v and_o in_o firm_a stand_n and_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o circumstance_n where_o ambiorix_n forbid_v his_o man_n to_o buckle_v with_o they_o but_o to_o give_v back_o and_o follow_v on_o again_o as_o the_o lightness_n of_o their_o arm_n give_v they_o opportunity_n in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o affranius_n it_o appear_v that_o caesar_n his_o soldier_n be_v bind_v to_o keep_v their_o array_n not_o to_o leave_v their_o ensign_n nor_o without_o a_o weighty_a occasion_n to_o forsake_v their_o station_n appoint_v they_o whereas_o the_o affranians_n fight_v thin_a and_o scatter_v here_o and_o there_o and_o if_o they_o be_v hard_o lay_v unto_o they_o think_v it_o no_o dishonour_n to_o retire_v and_o give_v back_o as_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o the_o portugal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o roman_n be_v overthrow_v than_o t._n baluentius_n who_o the_o year_n before_o have_v be_v primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n a_o valiant_a man_n and_o of_o great_a authority_n have_v both_o
undertake_v private_a combat_n make_v the_o soldier_n wise_a in_o their_o carriage_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o their_o sedition_n and_o civil_a discord_n but_o that_o which_o be_v yet_o worst_a of_o all_o be_v that_o custom_n have_v now_o make_v it_o so_o familiar_a that_o every_o trifle_n seem_v sufficient_a to_o call_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o private_a combat_n a_o cross_a look_n call_v a_o other_o man_n honour_n in_o question_n but_o the_o word_n lie_n be_v of_o as_o great_a consequence_n as_o any_o stab_n or_o villainy_n whatsoever_o whereat_o we_o may_v well_o wonder_v how_o it_o happen_v that_o we_o feel_v ourselves_o so_o much_o exasperate_v at_o the_o reproach_n of_o that_o vice_n which_o we_o so_o ordinary_o commit_v for_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o these_o time_n to_o cast_v upon_o we_o the_o lie_n be_v the_o great_a injury_n that_o word_n can_v do_v unto_o we_o and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a in_o our_o mouth_n it_o may_v be_v a_o property_n in_o our_o nature_n to_o stand_v chief_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o that_o corruption_n unto_o which_o we_o be_v most_o subject_a i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o qualify_v the_o foulness_n of_o this_o vice_n for_o i_o hold_v a_o liar_n to_o be_v a_o monster_n in_o nature_n one_o that_o contemn_v god_n and_o fear_v man_n as_o a_o ancient_a father_n say_v but_o to_o show_v the_o crookedness_n of_o our_o disposition_n in_o disdain_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o fault_n which_o we_o so_o common_o commit_v but_o i_o will_v fain_o learn_v when_o honour_n first_o come_v to_o be_v measure_v with_o word_n for_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o caesar_n be_v often_o call_v to_o his_o face_n thief_n and_o drunkard_n without_o any_o further_a matter_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o invective_n which_o great_a personage_n use_v one_o against_o a_o other_o as_o it_o begin_v so_o it_o end_v with_o word_n and_o so_o i_o think_v our_o lie_n may_v too_o for_o i_o take_v he_o that_o return_v the_o lie_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_n until_o further_a proof_n to_o have_v as_o great_a advantage_n in_o the_o reputation_n of_o honour_n as_o the_o former_a that_o first_o give_v the_o disgrace_n chap._n xx._n cicero_n send_v to_o caesar_n at_o who_o come_v the_o siege_n be_v raise_v and_o the_o gall_n overthrow_v at_o length_n cicero_n find_v mean_n by_o a_o gall_n to_o advertise_v caesar_n of_o the_o danger_n wherein_o he_o be_v who_o speedy_o haste_v with_o two_o legion_n to_o give_v he_o succour_v the_o neruij_fw-la understanding_n of_o caesar_n approach_n forsake_v the_o siege_n and_o go_v to_o meet_v he_o caesar_n find_v the_o enemy_n to_o be_v 60000._o strong_a and_o himself_o not_o to_o have_v above_o 7000._o man_n encamp_v himself_o in_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n and_o seek_v by_o counterfeit_a fear_n to_o draw_v the_o enemy_n to_o come_v and_o assault_v his_o camp_n which_o he_o handle_v with_o that_o dexterity_n that_o the_o gall_n come_v up_o unto_o he_o with_o a_o full_a assurance_n of_o victory_n but_o caesar_n send_v out_o two_o sally_n at_o two_o several_a gate_n of_o the_o camp_n overthrow_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o dispossess_v the_o rest_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o so_o end_v that_o war_n finis_fw-la lib._n 3._o sallust_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la jugur_n suitcher_n caesar_n matrona_fw-la &_o sequena_n two_o state_n in_o the_o duchie_a of_o burgundy_n the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n mont_fw-fr ioux_fw-fr caesar_n the_o omission_n in_o the_o helvetian_a expedition_n caesar_n caesar_n zuricke_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o watch_n caesar_n caesar_n bray_v in_o the_o county_n of_o retell_v place_n of_o advantage_n in_o the_o roman_a war_n their_o manner_n of_o victual_v caesar_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o imbattail_v by_o triplex_fw-la acies_fw-la lib._n 1._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la lib_fw-la 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la lib._n 5._o the_o militia_n romana_fw-la a_o phalanx_n describe_v caesar_n speech_n of_o encouragement_n before_o they_o give_v battle_n lib._n 7._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gallico_n the_o roman_a pile_n describe_v lib._n 3._o the_o militia_n romana_fw-la lib._n 5._o sallust_n caesar_n they_o of_o borbon_n and_o lorraine_n the_o ensign_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o division_n of_o their_o day_n caesar_n caesar_n langiers_n periculum_fw-la semper_fw-la ab_fw-la hostibus_fw-la gravissimum_fw-la sustinet_fw-la divisus_fw-la &_o inordinatus_fw-la exercitus_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n langre_n langre_n savoyens_fw-fr caesar_n the_o people_n of_o awergne_n caesar_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n livy_n lib._n 8._o lib._n 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n trier_n trier_n the_o country_n about_o constance_n in_o germany_n germany_n le_fw-fr doux_fw-fr the_o nature_n of_o fear_n caesar_n caesar_n cimbri_n a_o nation_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n and_o drive_v out_o the_o aduatici_n and_o be_v now_o the_o zelander_n teutoni_n german_n whether_o man_n have_v great_a courage_n in_o their_o own_o or_o in_o a_o stranger_n country_n caesar_n foot_n man_n intermingle_v among_o horseman_n lib._n 6._o lib._n 3._o the_o excid_n lib._n 3._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la africano_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o use_n of_o lot_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o country_n about_o beawois_n beawois_n the_o country_n about_o soissons_fw-fr soissons_fw-fr the_o people_n about_o turnai_n turnai_n arras_n arras_n amiens_n amiens_n vermandois_n vermandois_n terwene_v terwene_v liege_n 296000_o in_o al._n al._n la_fw-fr disne_n caesar_n a_o legion_n what_o it_o be_v lib._n 4._o de_fw-fr vita_fw-la romuli_n liu._n lib._n 22._o tacitus_n 3._o hist_o velite_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la lib._n 6._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr mil._n rom._n the_o use_n of_o this_o division_n the_o distinction_n of_o their_o company_n manipuli_fw-la ordo_fw-la cohors_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la re_fw-mi rust_n alegion_n range_v in_o battle_n the_o first_o order_n 3._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la civili_fw-la prima_fw-la cohors_fw-la the_o benefit_n of_o this_o discipline_n the_o benefit_n of_o small_a battailion_n and_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o great_a squadron_n squadron_n bray_v in_o the_o county_n of_o retell_v to_o take_v a_o town_n by_o surprise_n a_o testudo_fw-la describe_v lib._n 44._o lib._n 49._o the_o necessity_n of_o good_a discovery_n discovery_n now_o england_n the_o order_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o discovery_n slinger_n with_o their_o art_n and_o use_n lib._n 2._o lib._n 2._o natu_fw-la question_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n noyon_n caesar_n caesar_n soyssons_fw-fr *_o lib._n 4._o a_o vinea_fw-la or_o vine_n describe_v agger_fw-la or_o mount_v tower_n or_o turret_n describe_v caesar_n the_o bellovaci_fw-la take_v to_o mercy_n the_o ambiani_n yield_v up_o themselves_o the_o neruij_fw-la neruij_fw-la sambre_n near_o namour_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n the_o two_o respect_n which_o caesar_n have_v in_o order_v a_o march_n 1_o safety_n 2_o conveniency_n agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la quadratum_fw-la lib._n 8._o the_o bell_n gall._n gall._n 60._o epistle_n lib._n 6._o agmenlongun_v lib._n 5._o the_o bell_n gallico_n the_o use_n that_o may_v be_v make_v of_o this_o in_o our_o modern_a war_n caesar_n the_o description_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n with_o all_o the_o part_n belong_v unto_o it_o the_o centurion_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o place_n the_o praetorium_n principia_fw-la the_o tent_n of_o the_o tribune_n the_o space_n between_o the_o tent_n and_o the_o rampire_n contubernium_fw-la the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n agger_fw-la vallum_n praetoria_n porta_fw-la porta_n decumana_fw-la porte_fw-fr principales_fw-la laeva_fw-la dextra_fw-la the_o commodity_n of_o this_o encamp_a the_o ceremony_n which_o they_o use_v in_o their_o preparation_n to_o battle_n caesar_n and_o therefore_o i_o rather_o take_v it_o to_o be_v something_o else_o than_o a_o word_n the_o place_n and_o office_n of_o a_o primipile_n the_o target_n describe_v lib._n 16._o c._n 40._o caesar_n li._n the_o militia_n iu._n cae._n caesar_n either_o douai_n or_o bosleduke_n in_o brabant_n circunuallatio_n in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n aries_n or_o the_o ram._n cales_n aries_n simplex_fw-la aries_n composita_fw-la to_o give_v notice_n of_o a_o alarm_n by_o fire_n lib._n 25._o the_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_n lay_v upon_o a_o conquerednation_n caesar_n of_o this_o supplication_n i_o will_v speak_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o 4_o book_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o force_n of_o novelty_n turn_v the_o for_o tune_n of_o a_o battle_n caesar_n caesar_n savoiens_fw-la savoiens_fw-la le_fw-fr perche_n perche_n cornoaille_fw-fr in_o bretaine_n bretaine_n vannes_n the_o weakness_n of_o our_o judgement_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o future_a time_n the_o authority_n of_o example_n caesar_n caesar_n ligeris_n the_o ground_n of_o that_o reverend_a opinion_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o ambassador_n caesar_n lendriguer_n lysieux_n nantes_n aurenche_n leondoul_v city_n in_o little_a britain_n britain_n trier_n caesar_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n spring_n tide_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o ship_n lib._n 27._o their_o manner_n of_o sea-fight_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la caesar_n the_o force_n of_o industry_n industry_n la_fw-fr perche_n caesar_n caesar_n rhone_n rhone_n eureux_fw-fr the_o use_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v of_o a_o counterfeit_a fear_n lib._n 5._o caesar_n caesar_n euocati_fw-la euocati_fw-la lib._n 7._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gall._n caesar_n sertorius_n two_o mean_n to_o achieve_v victory_n and_o to_o overmaster_v their_o enemy_n tubalcaine_n by_o war_n and_o naamah_n by_o the_o flood_n not_o to_o forgo_v a_o advantage_n the_o place_n where_o suspect_a force_n be_v best_a bestow_v in_o battle_n caesar_n lib._n 3._o auertimento_fw-la secundo_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallico_n caesar_n caesar_n terovine_n terovine_n cleve_n and_o gueldres_n gueldres_n those_o of_o zutpnen_n zutpnen_n of_o hassia_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n geldres_n and_o cleeve_v sallust_n tacit._n 1._o anal._n caesar_n caesar_n liege_n liege_n colonia_n agrippina_n vincitur_fw-la haud_fw-la gratis_o iugulo_fw-la qui_fw-la provocat_fw-la hostem_fw-la liu._n lib._n 9_o liu._n lib._n 7._o caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n lib._n de_fw-fr machi_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n teroanne_v or_o monstrell_n caesar_n answer_v to_o the_o first_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o reason_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n imperator_n 3._o annal._n phil._n 14._o lib._n 2._o epist_n 9_o caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n li._n 15._o fami_fw-la cicero_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n lib._n 4._o pli._n lib._n 10._o caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n either_o cambraz_n amiens_n or_o s._n quintin_n caesar_n caesar_n lib._n 9_o anal._n 6._o caesar_n lib._n 20_o caesar_n
place_n be_v able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n but_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v apt_a for_o all_o these_o purpose_n for_o every_o soldier_n among_o they_o be_v once_o arm_v and_o ready_a to_o fight_v refuse_v no_o place_n time_n nor_o occasion_n keep_v always_o the_o same_o order_n whether_o he_o fight_v together_o with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o army_n or_o particular_o by_o himself_o man_n to_o man_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o their_o disposition_n be_v advantageous_a so_o the_o end_n do_v answer_v the_o expectation_n these_o thing_n i_o think_v to_o speak_v of_o at_o large_a because_o many_o of_o the_o grecian_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o macedonian_n be_v not_o to_o be_v overcome_v and_o again_o many_o wonder_v how_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o worst_a by_o the_o roman_a army_n consider_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o weapon_n thus_o far_o go_v polibyus_fw-la in_o compare_v the_o weapon_n and_o imbattail_v of_o the_o roman_n with_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n among_o the_o macedonian_n wherein_o we_o see_v the_o pike_n true_o and_o exact_o order_v according_a as_o the_o wise_a grecian_n can_v best_o proportion_v it_o with_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n which_o may_v give_v most_o advantage_n to_o the_o use_n thereof_o so_o that_o if_o our_o squadron_n of_o pike_n jump_v not_o with_o the_o perfect_a manner_n of_o a_o phalanx_n as_o we_o see_v they_o do_v not_o they_o fall_v so_o much_o short_a of_o that_o strength_n which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o other_o nation_n impute_v unto_o it_o but_o suppose_v we_o can_v allow_v it_o that_o disposition_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o war_n which_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o weapon_n do_v require_v yet_o forasmuch_o as_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o polybius_n the_o say_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v be_v tie_v to_o such_o dangerous_a circumstance_n of_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n of_o fight_n i_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o profitable_a a_o weapon_n as_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o time_n do_v seem_v to_o make_v it_o especial_o in_o woody_a country_n such_o as_o ireland_n be_v where_o the_o use_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o such_o inconvenience_n as_o be_v note_v to_o hinder_v the_o manage_n thereof_o and_o doubtless_o if_o our_o commander_n do_v but_o consider_v of_o the_o incongruity_n of_o the_o pike_n &_o ireland_n they_o will_v not_o proportion_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o they_o in_o every_o company_n as_o there_o be_v for_o common_o half_a the_o company_n be_v pike_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o war_n that_o half_o the_o army_n have_v neither_o offensive_a nor_o defensive_a weapon_n but_o only_o against_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n for_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o come_v to_o the_o push_n of_o pike_n with_o the_o foot_n company_n where_o they_o may_v charge_v &_o offend_v the_o enemy_n &_o for_o defence_n if_o the_o enemy_n think_v it_o not_o safe_a to_o buckle_v with_o they_o at_o hand_n but_o make_v more_o advantage_n to_o play_v upon_o they_o a_o far_o off_o with_o short_a it_o afford_v small_a safety_n to_o shake_v a_o long_a pike_n at_o they_o and_o stand_v fair_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o entertain_v a_o volleie_n of_o shot_n with_o the_o body_n of_o their_o battailion_n as_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o pike_n in_o some_o service_n be_v profitable_a as_o behind_o a_o rampire_n or_o at_o a_o breach_n so_o i_o assure_v myself_o there_o be_v weapon_n if_o they_o be_v put_v to_o trial_n that_o will_v countervail_v the_o pike_n even_o in_o those_o service_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v most_o profitable_a concern_v the_o target_n we_o see_v it_o take_v the_o hand_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o polybius_n of_o all_o other_o weapon_n whatsoever_o aswell_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o diverse_a and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o imbattail_v as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o place_n whersoever_o for_o their_o use_n be_v as_o effectual_a in_o small_a body_n and_o century_n as_o in_o gross_a troop_n and_o great_a company_n in_o thin_a and_o spacious_a imbattail_v as_o in_o thick_a throng_v testudines_fw-la neither_o can_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n make_v they_o unseruiceable_a for_o whether_o it_o be_v plain_a or_o covert_a level_v or_o unequal_a narrow_a or_o large_a if_o there_o be_v any_o commodity_n to_o fight_v the_o target_n be_v as_o necessary_a to_o defend_v as_o the_o sword_n to_o offend_v beside_o the_o conveniency_n which_o deny_v the_o target_n in_o any_o necessity_n impose_v upon_o a_o army_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o march_v through_o place_n of_o all_o nature_n to_o make_v a_o fast_a march_n or_o a_o speedy_a retreat_n to_o encamp_v themselves_o to_o possess_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o besiege_v and_o to_o be_v besiege_v as_o polybius_n say_v with_o many_o other_o occasion_n which_o necessary_o accompany_v a_o army_n the_o use_n of_o this_o weapon_n have_v be_v too_o much_o neglect_v in_o these_o latter_a age_n but_o may_v be_v happy_o renew_v again_o in_o our_o nation_n if_o the_o industry_n of_o such_o as_o have_v labour_v to_o present_v it_o unto_o these_o time_n in_o the_o best_a fashion_n shall_v find_v any_o favour_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o commander_n concern_v which_o target_n i_o must_v needs_o say_v this_o much_o that_o the_o light_a target_n will_v prove_v the_o target_n of_o service_n whensoever_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n for_o those_o which_o be_v make_v proof_n be_v so_o heavy_a and_o unwieldie_a although_o it_o be_v somewhat_o qualify_v with_o such_o help_n as_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o use_n thereof_o that_o they_o overcharge_v a_o man_n with_o a_o unsupportable_a burden_n and_o hinder_v his_o agility_n and_o execution_n in_o fight_n with_o a_o weight_n disproportionable_a to_o his_o strength_n for_o our_o offensive_a weapon_n as_o namely_o the_o hargebusier_n and_o musketeer_n be_v strong_a in_o the_o offensive_a part_n than_o any_o arm_n of_o defence_n which_o may_v be_v make_v manageable_a and_o fit_a for_o service_n neither_o do_v the_o roman_n regard_v the_o proof_n of_o their_o target_n further_o then_o be_v think_v fit_a for_o the_o ready_a use_n of_o they_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o many_o place_n both_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n and_o in_o these_o commentary_n for_o a_o roman_a pile_n have_v often_o time_n dart_v through_o the_o target_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o man_n that_o bear_v it_o and_o fasten_v they_o both_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v more_o than_o a_o musket_n can_v well_o do_v for_o the_o bullet_n common_o rest_v in_o the_o body_n and_o although_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v not_o common_a but_o rather_o y_o e_o effect_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a arm_n yet_o it_o serve_v to_o prove_v that_o their_o target_n be_v not_o proof_n to_o their_o offensive_a weapon_n when_o they_o be_v well_o deliver_v and_o with_o good_a direction_n for_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o in_o their_o battle_n there_o be_v oftentimes_o some_o hindrance_n which_o will_v not_o suffer_v so_o violent_a a_o effect_n as_o this_o which_o i_o speak_v of_o for_o in_o a_o volley_n of_o shot_n we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o all_o the_o bullet_n fly_v with_o the_o same_o force_n and_o fall_v with_o the_o like_a hurt_n but_o as_o armour_n of_o good_a proof_n will_v hardly_o hold_v out_o some_o of_o they_o so_o slender_a arm_n and_o of_o no_o proof_n will_v make_v good_a resistance_n against_o other_o and_o to_o conclude_v in_o a_o battle_n or_o encounter_n at_o hand_n a_o man_n shall_v meet_v with_o more_o occasion_n suit_v the_o nature_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o light_a target_n than_o such_o as_o will_v advantage_v the_o heavy_a target_n of_o proof_n or_o countervail_v the_o surplus_n of_o weight_n which_o it_o eari_v with_o it_o some_o man_n will_v urge_v that_o there_o be_v use_v of_o this_o target_n of_o proof_n in_o some_o place_n and_o in_o some_o service_n which_o i_o deny_v not_o to_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o be_v secure_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o peril_n but_o this_o fall_v out_o in_o some_o place_n and_o in_o some_o particular_a service_n and_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o the_o universal_a benefit_n of_o this_o weapon_n consist_v in_o the_o multitude_n of_o light_a targeteer_n who_o be_v to_o manage_v the_o most_o important_a occasion_n of_o a_o war_n this_o much_o i_o be_o further_a to_o note_v concern_v the_o sword_n of_o the_o targeteer_n that_o according_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n it_o must_v always_o hang_v on_o the_o right_a side_n for_o carry_v the_o target_n upon_o the_o left_a arm_n it_o can_v be_v that_o the_o sword_n shall_v hang_v on_o the_o