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agreement_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v in_o agitation_n mithridates_n a_o pergamenian_a a_o man_n of_o high_a descent_n a_o great_a soldier_n of_o great_a valour_n and_o most_o faithful_a to_o cesar_n arrive_v to_o his_o relief_n with_o goodly_a force_n take_v pelusium_n in_o his_o way_n &_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o nile_n at_o a_o place_n call_v delta_n whereof_o ptolemee_n be_v advertise_v go_v in_o person_n to_o oppose_v he_o and_o cesar_n on_o the_o other_o side_n go_v to_o relieve_v mithridates_n who_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o either_o of_o they_o have_v already_o encounter_v with_o and_o beat_a ptolemee_n force_n and_o cesar_n also_o before_o he_o can_v come_v to_o mithridates_n have_v defeat_v other_o after_o which_o he_o go_v and_o assault_v a_o small_a fort_n which_o be_v between_o his_o camp_n and_o that_o of_o ptolemee_n
alone_o be_v unprofitable_a if_o you_o make_v more_o quarter_n than_o there_o be_v general_a officer_n the_o ancient_a captain_n command_v in_o the_o quarter_n and_o therein_o take_v the_o most_o ancient_a quartermaster_n of_o his_o quarter_n insomuch_o that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n give_v his_o order_n to_o the_o commissary_n general_a he_o to_o the_o quartermaster_n general_a and_o he_o to_o the_o other_o quarter-master_n which_o come_v for_o they_o from_o the_o other_o quarter_n where_o the_o same_o order_n be_v observe_v the_o command_n be_v carry_v without_o confusion_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o hand_n of_o few_o person_n and_o when_o there_o be_v any_o deficiency_n find_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v verify_v whence_o it_o arise_v the_o infantry_n be_v the_o more_o solid_a body_n of_o a_o army_n that_o of_o the_o artillery_n and_o victual_n always_o be_v quarter_v with_o it_o there_o be_v not_o that_o diversity_n between_o the_o company_n which_o be_v between_o the_o 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smith_n carpenter_n wheelwright_n and_o other_o workman_n depend_v on_o he_o i_o will_v establish_v a_o commander_n for_o every_o sort_n of_o these_o man_n which_o i_o will_v take_v either_o out_o of_o the_o commissary_n of_o the_o artillery_n or_o other_o person_n apart_o to_o address_v myself_o to_o they_o when_o i_o have_v need_n of_o such_o man_n the_o quartermaster_n must_v every_o night_n go_v to_o receive_v the_o order_n of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_a the_o charge_n of_o the_o victual_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o general_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v his_o lieutenant_n his_o quartermaster_n and_o his_o other_o officer_n his_o quartermaster_n must_v every_o evening_n go_v and_o take_v the_o order_n of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_a so_o than_o you_o see_v how_o the_o command_n be_v distribute_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_n receive_v they_o from_o the_o general_n then_o go_v to_o his_o own_o lodging_n there_o the_o commissary_n of_o horse_n come_v and_o receive_v they_o for_o the_o cavalry_n the_o sergeant_n major_a general_n for_o the_o infantry_n who_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o sergeant_n major_n of_o brigado_n for_o the_o artillery_n to_o the_o quartermaster_n thereof_o and_o so_o to_o he_o for_o the_o victual_n brief_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_a speak_v with_o these_o four_o person_n give_v the_o order_n to_o all_o the_o army_n all_o order_n and_o command_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v in_o writing_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_a the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o fiscall_v the_o controller_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o general_n of_o victual_n the_o quartermaster_n general_a the_o sergeant_n major_a general_n and_o the_o provost_n general_a must_v always_o be_v lodge_v within_o the_o general_n quarter_n if_o all_o the_o army_n be_v encamp_v in_o body_n the_o quartermaster_n general_n give_v to_o each_o of_o these_o body_n the_o space_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v fit_v which_o be_v afterward_o distribute_v in_o every_o body_n by_o the_o officer_n thereunto_o appoint_v on_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_n do_v assign_v the_o place_n for_o every_o body_n afterward_o the_o sergeant_n major_a general_n range_v the_o infantry_n into_o battalion_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_n ought_v to_o have_v three_o or_o four_o assistant_n for_o the_o field_n to_o carry_v the_o extraordinary_a order_n but_o they_o must_v not_o pretend_v to_o command_v any_o officer_n in_o chief_a unless_o they_o former_o have_v be_v either_o colonel_n or_o captain_n of_o horse_n the_o sergeant_n major_a general_n must_v command_v the_o colonel_n but_o that_o they_o may_v the_o readily_o obey_v he_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o colonel_n and_o none_o ought_v ever_o to_o have_v that_o place_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v one_o as_o also_o the_o sergeant_n major_n of_o brigado_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o sergeant_n major_n of_o regiment_n thing_n be_v thus_o regulate_v and_o establish_v you_o shall_v see_v a_o great_a facility_n in_o the_o command_n and_o none_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o excuse_v his_o fault_n by_o put_v it_o off_o upon_o another_o because_o present_o it_o will_v be_v verify_v whence_o it_o proceed_v which_o oblige_v every_o man_n to_o be_v careful_a to_o do_v that_o exact_o which_o he_o shall_v be_v command_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o assail_a of_o state_n according_a to_o their_o force_n and_o situation_n after_o that_o you_o have_v form_v a_o army_n you_o must_v employ_v it_o either_o for_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o new_a countreâ—_n or_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o your_o own_o we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o the_o prince_n which_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o offensive_a must_v be_v the_o strong_a or_o must_v see_v some_o garboil_n in_o the_o state_n which_o he_o assail_v and_o that_o he_o be_v call_v thither_o by_o a_o party_n otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v a_o rash_a enterprise_n if_o the_o country_n which_o he_o assail_v be_v large_a and_o open_a he_o must_v seek_v in_o the_o beginning_n to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n or_o some_o grand_a skirmish_n that_o so_o by_o the_o reputation_n of_o his_o arm_n he_o may_v affright_v the_o enemy_n if_o it_o be_v a_o country_n enclose_v with_o mountain_n or_o divide_v by_o river_n and_o ditch_n or_o shelter_v with_o forest_n or_o full_a of_o fortress_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o battle_n and_o in_o this_o case_n you_o must_v go_v to_o siege_n and_o make_v your_o conquest_n by_o little_a and_o little_a now_o he_o that_o will_v make_v any_o progress_n by_o this_o way_n must_v at_o least_o have_v two_o body_n of_o army_n that_o so_o with_o the_o one_o he_o may_v hold_v his_o enemy_n in_o play_n and_o with_o the_o other_o he_o may_v actuate_v without_o impeachment_n for_o it_o be_v most_o difficult_a to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n of_o a_o siege_n so_o long_o as_o 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the_o strong_a without_o any_o fortify_v place_n you_o shall_v preserve_v your_o country_n in_o keep_v the_o field_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o further_a inconvenience_n in_o the_o fortify_v of_o great_a town_n that_o be_v that_o you_o make_v they_o so_o proud_a as_o they_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v their_o sovereign_n but_o upon_o good_a term_n and_o upon_o the_o least_o discommodity_n they_o receive_v in_o any_o war_n the_o inhabitant_n desire_v rather_o to_o change_v their_o master_n then_o to_o see_v their_o good_n waste_v insomuch_o that_o i_o conclude_v that_o you_o ought_v to_o have_v so_o few_o fortress_n that_o they_o may_v not_o hinder_v you_o from_o keep_v the_o field_n that_o those_o which_o you_o have_v be_v so_o well_o fortify_v and_o furnish_v with_o munition_n as_o they_o may_v make_v a_o great_a resistance_n and_o to_o place_v they_o so_o well_o as_o they_o may_v bridle_v the_o great_a town_n and_o that_o they_o may_v assure_v the_o frontier_n that_o so_o the_o enemy_n 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in_o his_o way_n as_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o he_o to_o unite_v his_o legion_n in_o so_o great_a difficulty_n he_o find_v no_o other_o mean_n but_o to_o surmount_v they_o by_o incomparable_a labour_n wherewith_o he_o make_v way_n over_o the_o mountain_n cover_v six_o foot_n thick_a with_o snow_n and_o affright_v his_o enemy_n more_o appear_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o when_o they_o believe_v he_o still_o in_o italy_n and_o out_o of_o possibility_n to_o get_v to_o they_o then_o by_o his_o great_a force_n he_o also_o add_v to_o this_o astonishment_n by_o industry_n cause_v his_o cavalry_n to_o show_v itself_o in_o several_a place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n to_o cause_v a_o belief_n that_o he_o be_v very_o powerful_a let_v we_o further_o consider_v that_o cesar_n see_v the_o fashion_n of_o the_o war_n change_v and_o that_o the_o enemy_n avoid_v battle_n appli_v himself_o to_o siege_n wherein_o he_o show_v himself_o no_o less_o a_o master_n then_o in_o his_o 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perceive_v that_o the_o good_a discipline_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o knowledge_n in_o the_o art_n military_a make_v they_o invincible_a by_o way_n of_o battle_n change_v his_o own_o way_n of_o make_v war_n against_o they_o and_o by_o prolong_v time_n without_o hazard_v a_o general_a battle_n find_v himself_o superior_a in_o horse_n and_o the_o country_n to_o friend_n not_o ready_a to_o supply_v their_o army_n with_o victual_n make_v just_a account_n to_o have_v ruin_v they_o whereupon_o we_o may_v make_v very_o good_a observation_n first_o upon_o vercingetorix_n who_o have_v be_v by_o a_o general_a consent_n choose_v general_n of_o divers_a state_n which_o have_v emulation_n one_o towards_o another_o have_v know_v so_o well_o how_o to_o govern_v they_o that_o what_o adversity_n soever_o he_o meet_v with_o in_o his_o affair_n he_o have_v always_o maintain_v himself_o in_o great_a authority_n and_o awe_n among_o they_o not_o spare_v to_o be_v severe_a where_o occasion_n require_v 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apprehend_v this_o difficulty_n that_o have_v not_o experiment_v it_o in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o people_n he_o have_v beside_o show_v his_o constancy_n even_o to_o the_o end_n and_o make_v no_o scruple_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o so_o many_o several_a nation_n to_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o city_n where_o he_o do_v all_o that_o a_o provident_a and_o brave_a general_n ought_v to_o do_v and_o have_v surmount_v hunger_n and_o the_o discommodity_n of_o a_o siege_n have_v hold_v out_o even_o until_o his_o relief_n be_v repulse_v and_o defeat_v but_o because_o history_n make_v not_o but_o for_o the_o victorious_a we_o see_v usual_o none_o have_v in_o esteem_n but_o the_o son_n of_o fortune_n now_o let_v we_o examine_v caesar_n carriage_n in_o this_o war_n which_o break_v out_o he_o be_v in_o italy_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o winter_n his_o army_n disperse_v in_o several_a country_n far_o distant_a from_o each_o other_o and_o the_o revolt_a state_n so_o
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soldier_n and_o without_o account_v the_o three_o intervall_n six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o forty_o four_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o ninety_o six_o foot_n in_o depth_n to_o this_o army_n they_o join_v half_a that_o number_n of_o light-armed_n soldier_n call_v psyllagi_n which_o fight_v from_o afar_o off_o with_o fly_v and_o casting-weapon_n and_o be_v order_v into_o battalion_n behind_o the_o phalanx_n in_o equal_a front_n but_o that_o their_o file_n be_v but_o eight_o depth_n in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o with_o the_o same_o officer_n and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o begin_v the_o battle_n they_o pass_v through_o the_o intervall_n and_o assail_v the_o enemy_n when_o the_o army_n be_v draw_v so_o near_o each_o other_o as_o to_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n they_o retreat_v by_o the_o same_o intervall_n into_o their_o place_n behind_o the_o heavy-armed_n and_o over_o their_o head_n pour_v a_o shower_n of_o stone_n dart_n and_o arrow_n upon_o their_o enemy_n and_o fortify_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o sustain_v the_o shock_n be_v now_o of_o 24_o man_n in_o depth_n the_o five_o figure_n concern_v the_o cavalry_n they_o always_o place_v they_o on_o the_o wing_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o cavalry_n or_o the_o infantry_n they_o change_v the_o form_n of_o their_o order_n according_a to_o the_o site_n of_o the_o place_n or_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n force_n with_o who_o they_o have_v to_o do_v or_o to_o the_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v range_v into_o battalion_n enlarge_a the_o front_n by_o lessen_v the_o depth_n &_o double_v their_o front_n by_o the_o half_a file_n as_o cyrus_n do_v in_o the_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v aghasted_n croesus_n for_o fear_v to_o be_v overwinge_v he_o make_v his_o file_n which_o be_v 24_o depth_n but_o 12_o and_o so_o augment_v the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n by_o the_o one_o half_a beside_o they_o make_v use_v of_o several_a order_n of_o battalion_n according_a to_o occasion_n as_o the_o orb_n and_o the_o light-armed_n in_o the_o middle_n to_o sustain_v a_o strong_a charge_n on_o all_o part_n or_o the_o wedge_n the_o better_a to_o enter_v into_o a_o battalion_n or_o a_o halfmoon_n to_o enclose_v or_o overw_v and_o other_o which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n in_o these_o time_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o confound_v themselves_o in_o such_o order_n when_o occasion_n serve_v they_o have_v public_a school_n where_o all_o the_o young_a sort_n of_o man_n go_v to_o exercise_v themselves_o which_o they_o call_v gymnasia_fw-la and_o have_v master_n to_o teach_v the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o motion_n call_v tactici_fw-la now_o to_o perform_v all_o the_o motion_n they_o allow_v to_o every_o soldier_n six_o foot_n of_o ground_n square_n and_o for_o fight_v three_o foot_n and_o to_o sustain_v a_o violent_a charge_n they_o serry_v they_o so_o as_o they_o take_v up_o but_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o small_a commonwealth_n of_o the_o grecian_n maintain_v their_o liberty_n so_o long_o &_o have_v perform_v so_o brave_a action_n have_v repulse_v so_o great_a army_n with_o so_o small_a force_n and_o have_v even_o plant_v their_o trophy_n in_o asia_n and_o elsewhere_o until_o their_o division_n overthrow_v they_o which_o philip_n dextrous_o lay_v hold_v on_o bring_v they_o to_o subjection_n and_o after_o that_o alexander_n his_o son_n with_o they_o and_o their_o militia_n conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o constitution_n of_o those_o commonwealth_n be_v more_o proper_a for_o a_o happy_a maintain_n of_o their_o liberty_n then_o to_o increase_v themselves_o for_o howsoever_o they_o all_o addict_v themselves_o to_o arm_n so_o that_o none_o be_v exempt_v from_o they_o yet_o their_o poverty_n and_o the_o small_a number_n of_o soldier_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n apart_o by_o itself_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v any_o great_a progress_n so_o do_v their_o division_n it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n that_o so_o many_o sovereign_a commonwealth_n shall_v agree_v together_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o common_a necessity_n to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o they_o do_v divers_a time_n against_o the_o persian_n but_o not_o for_o a_o conquest_n where_o man_n can_v agree_v neither_o about_o place_n of_o command_n nor_o about_o share_v of_o what_o be_v get_v concern_v their_o retrench_v camp_n which_o they_o call_v aplectos_n they_o choose_v rather_o strong_a cite_v then_o that_o they_o fortify_v they_o by_o industry_n neither_o have_v they_o any_o certain_a form_n as_o the_o roman_n have_v but_o according_a to_o the_o advantage_n of_o place_n they_o fortify_v one_o part_n more_o than_o another_o and_o hereof_o there_o be_v nothing_o certain_a to_o be_v find_v in_o write_v among_o ancient_a author_n the_o military_a discipline_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o election_n of_o soldier_n and_o their_o arm_n romulus_n have_v build_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n divide_v it_o into_o century_n and_o military_a order_n every_o body_n contain_v four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n now_o because_o the_o most_o valiant_a be_v choose_v it_o be_v call_v legio_n which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o select_a company_n the_o city_n be_v more_o populous_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o sabine_n the_o legion_n be_v double_v which_o then_o become_v to_o be_v of_o six_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n yet_o after_o that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o a_o great_a number_n tullus_n hostilius_n three_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n establish_v military_a exercise_n and_o distinguish_v all_o the_o people_n into_o five_o class_n or_o order_n they_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la as_o be_v the_o rich_a be_v bind_v to_o mount_v and_o arm_v themselves_o to_o serve_v on_o horseback_n the_o three_o follow_a class_n be_v employ_v on_o foot_n and_o according_a to_o their_o mean_n be_v hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la or_o triarii_n and_o be_v
after_o that_o the_o centurion_n choose_v their_o vexillarii_n which_o be_v the_o ensign_n of_o our_o time_n and_o there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o in_o every_o cohort_n then_o they_o choose_v twenty_o tergiductores_fw-la which_o be_v rear-commander_n of_o the_o troop_n so_o that_o in_o every_o cohort_n there_o be_v two_o commander_n for_o the_o front_n and_o two_o for_o the_o rear_n chap._n ii_o the_o division_n of_o a_o legion_n of_o 4200_o foot_n and_o 300_o horse_n a_o legion_n be_v always_o divide_v into_o five_o body_n namely_o the_o infantry_n into_o four_o body_n call_v velites_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la triarii_fw-la and_o the_o cavalry_n into_o one_o every_o body_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o troop_n which_o among_o the_o infantry_n be_v call_v cohort_n or_o maniple_n and_o among_o the_o cavalry_n be_v call_v turme_n in_o the_o three_o first_o order_n of_o infantry_n be_v 1200_o soldier_n apiece_o each_o of_o which_o make_v ten_o troop_n of_o 120_o soldier_n and_o in_o the_o last_o namely_o the_o triarii_n there_o be_v only_o 600_o man_n which_o make_v ten_o troop_n of_o 60_o man_n apiece_o the_o body_n of_o cavalry_n be_v of_o 300_o which_o make_v ten_o troop_n of_o thirty_o soldier_n apiece_o among_o author_n there_o be_v a_o diversity_n in_o the_o name_n of_o cohort_n century_n and_o maniple_n which_o here_o do_v signify_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o in_o some_o place_n of_o titus_n livius_n you_o may_v see_v the_o distinction_n from_o a_o legion_n to_o a_o cohort_n from_o a_o cohort_n to_o a_o centurie_n from_o a_o centurie_n to_o a_o maniple_n which_o i_o conceive_v grow_v from_o this_o that_o when_o the_o legion_n grow_v to_o be_v of_o 6000_o and_o 7000_o man_n they_o then_o make_v those_o subdivision_n chap._n iii_o of_o march_v when_o they_o be_v to_o march_v at_o the_o first_o sound_n of_o the_o trumpet_n they_o take_v down_o their_o pavilion_n and_o pack_v up_o the_o baggage_n at_o the_o second_o they_o load_v it_o and_o at_o the_o three_o they_o part_v away_o from_o their_o quarter_n but_o none_o be_v allow_v to_o take_v down_o their_o pavilion_n until_o the_o consul_n and_o tribune_n have_v take_v down_o they_o the_o extraordinary_n march_v first_o then_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o their_o baggage_n in_o their_o rear_n then_o the_o second_o legion_n and_o their_o baggage_n after_o they_o then_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o their_o baggage_n follow_v they_o the_o cavalry_n be_v in_o the_o van_n and_o rear_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o flank_n thereafter_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v to_o be_v suspect_v every_o roman_a legion_n with_o one_o wing_n of_o the_o ally_n march_v in_o the_o van_n by_o turn_n that_o so_o every_o one_o may_v have_v the_o commodity_n of_o arrive_v first_o at_o the_o camp_n if_o in_o the_o march_n there_o be_v great_a suspicion_n on_o the_o rear_n then_o on_o the_o van_n or_o on_o the_o flank_n they_o strengthen_v themselves_o there_o according_o this_o be_v their_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o march_v but_o i_o find_v in_o cesar_n that_o when_o he_o march_v in_o a_o enemy_n territory_n and_o particular_o in_o a_o country_n enclose_v with_o hedge_n and_o wood_n he_o make_v all_o the_o legion_n to_o march_v in_o one_o body_n than_o all_o the_o baggage_n together_o leave_v only_o some_o new-levied_n troop_n on_o the_o rear_n thereof_o to_o guard_v it_o when_o the_o army_n march_v in_o three_o equidistant_a body_n namely_o all_o the_o hastati_fw-la aswell_o roman_n as_o ally_n together_o have_v their_o baggage_n before_o they_o than_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la in_o the_o same_o order_n the_o extraordinary_n and_o cavalry_n be_v to_o be_v on_o the_o flank_n and_o on_o the_o van_n to_o secure_v the_o baggage_n or_o at_o least_o on_o those_o part_n where_o the_o most_o danger_n be_v and_o be_v so_o order_v when_o a_o occasion_n of_o fight_n befall_v on_o what_o part_n soever_o it_o be_v on_o a_o sudden_a all_o the_o troop_n can_v be_v draw_v out_o very_o easy_o without_o be_v trouble_v by_o the_o baggage_n to_o go_v and_o affront_v the_o enemy_n when_o the_o army_n draw_v near_o to_o the_o quarter_n the_o tribune_n and_o centurion_n ordain_v for_o that_o work_n march_v before_o to_o consider_v of_o the_o site_n of_o the_o camp_n which_o be_v make_v choice_n of_o they_o first_o mark_v out_o the_o place_n for_o the_o consul_n lodging_n or_o of_o the_o general_n with_o a_o white_a banner_n then_o they_o distinguish_v his_o lodging_n from_o other_o by_o a_o red_a banner_n then_o with_o a_o second_o red_a banner_n they_o mark_v out_o the_o tribune_n quarter_n then_o with_o a_o three_o they_o divide_v and_o distinguish_v the_o lodging_n of_o the_o legion_n from_o the_o forementioned_a once_o after_o that_o they_o give_v to_o every_o one_o their_o proportion_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o mark_v with_o banner_n of_o other_o colour_n then_o with_o a_o line_n they_o quick_o mark_v out_o and_o divide_v all_o the_o lodging_n because_o they_o never_o change_v the_o measure_n nor_o form_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o that_o they_o be_v exceed_v well_o accustom_v thereunto_o by_o have_v always_o the_o same_o way_n of_o encamp_v when_o the_o army_n arrive_v every_o troup_n take_v notice_n of_o their_o lodging_n by_o the_o mark_n and_o banner_n so_o that_o all_o go_v to_o they_o without_o confusion_n and_o without_o mistake_v chap._n iu._n of_o embattel_v the_o army_n they_o quarter_v their_o four_o body_n of_o velite_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n under_o the_o name_n only_o of_o the_o three_o last_o and_o they_o divide_v and_o intermix_v the_o velite_n among_o the_o three_o other_o body_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o that_o which_o follow_v hastati_fw-la 1200_o velite_n join_v with_o the_o hastati_fw-la 480_o  _fw-fr 1680_o principes_fw-la 1200_o velite_n join_v with_o the_o principes_fw-la 480_o  _fw-fr 1680_o triarii_fw-la 600_o velite_n join_v with_o the_o triarii_n 240_o  _fw-fr 840_o the_o roman_n allow_v ten_o foot_n square_a of_o ground_n to_o lodge_v two_o soldier_n insomuch_o that_o allow_v 100_o foot_n breadth_n of_o ground_n and_o 1000_o in_o depth_n there_o be_v sufficient_a to_o lodge_v 2000_o soldier_n and_o so_o ten_o cohort_n of_o hastati_fw-la which_o make_v but_o 1680_o soldier_n be_v lodge_v sufficient_o and_o have_v room_n enough_o beside_o for_o their_o baggage_n the_o same_o proportion_n of_o ground_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la because_o they_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o number_n and_o the_o moiety_n of_o that_o ground_n be_v give_v to_o the_o triarii_n because_o their_o number_n be_v but_o the_o half_a of_o that_o to_o the_o cavalry_n they_o allow_v for_o thirty_o horse_n 100_o foot_n square_a and_o for_o 100_o turm_n 100_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o 100_o foot_n in_o depth_n apiece_o for_o the_o ally_n they_o allow_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o ground_n to_o their_o infantry_n as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o roman_a legion_n but_o because_o the_o consul_n take_v the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n near_o to_o himself_o they_o cut_v off_o also_o the_o five_o part_n of_o ground_n in_o this_o place_n which_o they_o allow_v they_o elsewhere_o concern_v the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o ally_n it_o be_v always_o double_a to_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o consul_n take_v a_o three_o part_n of_o they_o to_o lodge_v round_o about_o he_o there_o remain_v in_o the_o ordinary_a lodging_n but_o one_o four_o part_n more_o of_o they_o then_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o because_o the_o space_n of_o ground_n be_v more_o than_o sufficient_a for_o they_o their_o ground_n be_v not_o enlarge_v but_o they_o have_v 100_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o 100_o foot_n in_o depth_n as_o the_o roman_n this_o quarter_n be_v divide_v by_o five_o street_n each_o of_o they_o of_o fifty_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o divide_v in_o the_o middle_n by_o a_o street_n call_v quintana_n of_o the_o same_o length_n as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o front_n of_o the_o quarter_n there_o be_v a_o great_a street_n of_o 100_o foot_n broad_a next_o which_o the_o twelve_o tribune_n be_v lodge_v just_o over_o against_o the_o two_o roman_a legion_n and_o the_o twelve_o prefect_n be_v quarter_v just_a over_o against_o the_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n there_o be_v 50_o foot_n square_v allow_v to_o each_o of_o these_o lodging_n then_o there_o be_v the_o consul_n lodging_n call_v the_o praetorium_n which_o contain_v 200_o foot_n square_a and_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o camp_n on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o consul_n lodging_n there_o be_v two_o void_a place_n the_o one_o for_o the_o marketplace_n the_o other_o for_o the_o quaestor_n on_o each_o side_n of_o these_o they_o lodge_v the_o 400_o horse_n and_o 1630_o
the_o hastati_fw-la must_v then_o fight_v at_o so_o wide_a a_o distance_n that_o between_o two_o file_n they_o may_v receive_v two_o other_o file_n which_o show_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o first_o order_n which_o be_v so_o range_v in_o battalion_n can_v not_o be_v able_a to_o repulse_n nor_o sustain_v the_o adverse_a battallion_n and_o even_o the_o file_n be_v at_o so_o wide_a a_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v themselves_o right_a in_o fight_n nor_o to_o observe_v their_o distance_n but_o in_o the_o other_o way_n there_o be_v many_o convenience_n to_o be_v find_v first_o many_o body_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n apiece_o or_o thereabouts_o assault_v a_o battallion_n they_o may_v very_o well_o defeat_v it_o at_o the_o worst_a they_o may_v retreat_v without_o disorder_v themselves_o or_o lose_v their_o distance_n and_o the_o second_o order_n which_o be_v embattel_v behind_o the_o first_o just_a over_o against_o their_o intervall_n may_v easy_o fill_v they_o as_o also_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n the_o three_o body_n may_v supply_v those_o distance_n which_o be_v reserve_v for_o they_o renew_v the_o fight_n three_o time_n and_o that_o which_o confirm_v we_o the_o more_o in_o this_o opinion_n be_v that_o in_o reason_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o next_o the_o description_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o zama_n which_o scipio_n fight_v against_o hannibal_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o scipio_n to_o hinder_v hannibal_n elephant_n from_o rout_v his_o soldier_n cause_v the_o cohort_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la which_o be_v place_v just_a over_o against_o the_o intervall_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la to_o stand_v just_a behind_o they_o so_o to_o leave_v street_n for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o elephant_n which_o show_v plain_o that_o the_o order_n of_o battalion_n be_v dispose_v by_o cohort_n and_o not_o by_o file_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o velite_n in_o this_o order_n of_o battalion_n nor_o of_o all_o other_o light-armed_n soldier_n because_o they_o fight_v not_o but_o with_o casting-weapon_n and_o afar_o off_o and_o when_o the_o army_n approach_v to_o give_v the_o shock_n they_o retire_v themselves_o behind_o the_o heavie-armed_n now_o to_o form_v the_o say_a order_n i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o file_n be_v always_o of_o ten_o man_n in_o depth_n that_o a_o cohort_n or_o maniple_n of_o a_o legion_n of_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o man_n consist_v always_o of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o soldier_n and_o consequent_o the_o cohort_n make_v ten_o rank_n and_o twelve_o file_n contain_v at_o six_o foot_n square_a of_o ground_n for_o every_o soldier_n seventy_o two_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o sixty_o in_o depth_n and_o the_o moiety_n of_o it_o when_o they_o be_v at_o three_o foot_n distance_n the_o first_o figure_n of_o a_o cohort_n mistake_n this_o figure_n in_o the_o author_n copy_n have_v 13_o file_n &_o 11_o rank_n which_o i_o conceioee_o to_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o each_o of_o the_o three_o order_n howsoever_o the_o legion_n be_v weak_a or_o strong_a there_o be_v always_o ten_o cohort_n or_o maniple_n but_o the_o cohort_n be_v either_o increase_v or_o diminish_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o legion_n the_o second_o figure_n of_o ten_o cohort_n the_o two_o first_o order_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a number_n and_o the_o last_o of_o half_a as_o many_o and_o by_o this_o example_n of_o one_o legion_n you_o may_v see_v how_o all_o the_o troop_n pass_v into_o each_o other_o the_o three_o figure_n of_o a_o legion_n i_o conceive_v that_o between_o the_o legion_n there_o be_v a_o far_o great_a distance_n then_o between_o the_o cohort_n that_o so_o they_o may_v prevent_v confusion_n among_o they_o which_o i_o judge_v to_o be_v so_o necessary_a as_o that_o without_o the_o observation_n thereof_o it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a to_o observe_v any_o good_a order_n concern_v the_o cavalry_n see_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o like_a number_n of_o troop_n as_o the_o infantry_n it_o be_v like_a they_o fight_v in_o the_o same_o order_n but_o the_o one_o half_a be_v on_o the_o right_a flank_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o left_a thus_o the_o army_n be_v compose_v of_o six_o great_a body_n namely_o four_o body_n of_o infantry_n and_o two_o body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o every_o body_n divide_v into_o small_a troop_n as_o have_v be_v show_v before_o the_o order_n of_o battalion_n of_o a_o complete_a army_n the_o four_o figure_n better_a so_o in_o this_o figure_n the_o intervall_n shall_v be_v 4_o time_n wide_a if_o the_o body_n must_v be_v so_o large_a but_o i_o conceive_v a_o general_a mistake_n in_o the_o figure_n and_o that_o in_o praissac_n pag._n 190._o to_o be_v much_o better_a chap._n ix_o of_o sieges_n no_o roman_a commander_n have_v make_v brave_a siege_n than_o cesar_n nor_o describe_v they_o more_o perfect_o he_o have_v leave_v example_n for_o the_o assail_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o cite_v and_o to_o maintain_v a_o siege_n against_o all_o kind_n of_o relief_n at_o brundisium_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n he_o constrain_v pompey_n to_o abandon_v it_o for_o that_o he_o shut_v up_o the_o haven_n by_o which_o that_o town_n be_v to_o be_v relieve_v at_o cadenac_n which_o be_v a_o site_n inexpugnable_a he_o constrain_v the_o garrison_n to_o yield_v it_o by_o take_v away_o their_o water_n at_o alexia_n where_o be_v 80000_o soldier_n within_o the_o town_n and_o which_o expect_v two_o or_o three_o time_n as_o many_o he_o so_o fortify_v himself_o before_o it_o both_o against_o the_o town_n and_o against_o the_o enemy_n without_o as_o he_o famish_v it_o and_o at_o bourges_n and_o marseilles_n he_o take_v the_o first_o by_o assault_n and_o constrain_v the_o other_o to_o yield_v when_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n i_o will_v not_o here_o particularize_v the_o engine_n which_o they_o then_o make_v use_v of_o to_o force_v place_n of_o strength_n because_o the_o cannon_n have_v take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o they_o yet_o i_o will_v only_o say_v that_o they_o approach_v to_o the_o wall_n by_o degree_n as_o much_o shelter_v as_o they_o can_v and_o then_o attempt_v to_o batter_v they_o down_o by_o their_o engine_n or_o by_o mine_n to_o force_v a_o assault_n or_o at_o least_o to_o lodge_v upon_o the_o breach_n which_o i_o the_o rather_o speak_v to_o show_v that_o howsoever_o we_o have_v change_v the_o manner_n of_o fortification_n the_o better_a to_o make_v resistance_n against_o our_o new_a thunder_a engine_n nevertheless_o the_o ancient_a maxim_n for_o the_o take_n of_o town_n be_v the_o same_o which_o we_o make_v use_v of_o at_o this_o day_n concern_v the_o siege_n of_o alexia_n it_o be_v the_o model_n by_o which_o the_o prince_n of_o parma_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o the_o marquesse_n spinola_n have_v direct_v themselves_o to_o make_v they_o and_o all_o these_o great_a work_n and_o circumvallation_n which_o we_o admire_v and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o they_o have_v take_v many_o great_a city_n in_o sight_n of_o great_a army_n than_o their_o own_o which_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o relieve_v they_o be_v nothing_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o which_o cesar_n make_v at_o this_o siege_n of_o alexia_n to_o conclude_v they_o which_o come_v near_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o war_a of_o the_o ancient_a roman_n as_o well_o in_o siege_n as_o in_o the_o field_n be_v they_o which_o prove_v the_o most_o excellent_a commander_n chap._n x._o observation_n upon_o some_o battle_n of_o the_o ancient_n now_o that_o we_o have_v show_v the_o ancient_a militia_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n by_o mean_n whereof_o they_o have_v obtain_v so_o many_o brave_a victory_n we_o must_v yet_o observe_v two_o principal_a cause_n which_o their_o most_o excellent_a commander_n have_v successful_o observe_v to_o obtain_v victory_n in_o battle_n namely_o to_o strive_v to_o overw_v their_o enemy_n and_o never_o to_o cause_v their_o army_n to_o fight_v all_o at_o once_o cyrus_n to_o keep_v himself_o from_o be_v overwinge_v in_o the_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v against_o croesus_n double_v the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n by_o as_o many_o more_o as_o they_o be_v by_o make_v the_o file_n of_o his_o infantry_n but_o 12_o deep_a which_o before_o be_v 24_o and_o to_o enclose_v his_o enemy_n he_o place_v his_o best_a man_n on_o the_o wing_n who_o have_v defeat_v the_o wing_n of_o the_o adverse_a army_n come_v to_o assault_v the_o body_n of_o the_o battle_n on_o their_o flank_n and_o on_o their_o rear_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n hannibal_n place_v all_o his_o best_a soldier_n on_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o mean_a one_o in_o the_o middle_n that_o so_o the_o roman_n find_v but_o little_a resistance_n there_o may_v insensible_o sink_v into_o they_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o
which_o be_v to_o follow_v they_o must_v do_v the_o like_a and_o so_o consequent_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v to_o act_v any_o thing_n and_o when_o they_o be_v within_o they_o which_o first_o enter_v must_v not_o scatter_v themselves_o in_o the_o town_n while_o they_o be_v yet_o weak_a whether_o it_o be_v in_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n or_o though_o they_o meet_v none_o but_o they_o must_v make_v two_o body_n the_o one_o to_o act_v the_o other_o only_o to_o be_v put_v into_o battalion_n to_o sustain_v the_o rest_n this_o do_v they_o must_v march_v in_o good_a order_n the_o one_o to_o force_v that_o whereunto_o they_o be_v appoint_v the_o other_o to_o go_v and_o embattel_n themselves_o in_o the_o street_n and_o market-place_n which_o you_o have_v resolve_v aught_o to_o be_v seize_v upon_o by_o the_o plat_n or_o draught_n of_o the_o town_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a enterprise_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v design_v for_o howsoever_o it_o have_v sometime_o succeed_v well_o to_o foâ—low_v the_o enemy_n speedy_o with_o such_o few_o man_n as_o be_v enter_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o the_o sure_a way_n because_o they_o may_v be_v repulse_v by_o a_o few_o man_n which_o have_v often_o cause_v brave_a enterprise_n to_o be_v frustrate_v there_o must_v also_o be_v a_o three_o body_n which_o must_v stand_v in_o battalion_n without_o during_o the_o execution_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o they_o which_o enter_v shall_v be_v repulse_v they_o may_v sustain_v they_o or_o else_o to_o remedy_v such_o accident_n which_o may_v befall_v they_o by_o some_o of_o the_o enemy_n troop_n which_o casual_o may_v arrive_v in_o that_o place_n if_o you_o be_v whole_o repulse_v that_o troup_n which_o be_v without_o shall_v make_v the_o retreat_n and_o shall_v remain_v firm_a in_o battalion_n until_o that_o the_o repulse_v troop_n be_v recollect_v and_o put_v in_o order_n but_o if_o they_o which_o enter_v become_v master_n of_o the_o town_n to_o hold_v it_o they_o must_v disarm_v the_o townsman_n before_o they_o disarm_v themselves_o and_o be_v well_o assure_v of_o all_o the_o corpse_n du-guard_n and_o commodious_a place_n the_o house_n must_v be_v share_v that_o so_o every_o man_n may_v have_v his_o proportion_n of_o the_o booty_n they_o be_v not_o suffer_v to_o take_v it_o any_o other_o way_n and_o they_o which_o shall_v begin_v to_o pillage_n must_v be_v severe_o punish_v by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v appoint_v the_o best_a house_n to_o they_o which_o have_v best_a deserve_v and_o do_v the_o rest_n by_o lot_n whereof_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v cause_n to_o complain_v but_o of_o his_o own_o ill_a fortune_n if_o it_o be_v needful_a in_o such_o place_n as_o be_v assail_v by_o scalado_n you_o may_v dispose_v some_o troop_n of_o musketeer_n which_o shall_v give_v fire_n perpetual_o upon_o the_o flank_n and_o if_o you_o can_v you_o may_v add_v to_o they_o some_o fire-lance_n and_o such_o as_o give_v fire_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ladder_n must_v cease_v so_o soon_o as_o their_o man_n begin_v to_o mount_v i_o have_v be_v more_o particular_a in_o this_o chapter_n then_o in_o any_o other_o but_o so_o many_o enterprise_n have_v fail_v by_o the_o not_o observe_v of_o the_o least_o of_o these_o thing_n that_o i_o rather_o choose_v to_o be_v somewhat_o long_o herein_o then_o to_o omit_v they_o chap._n xi_o of_o assault_n by_o siege_n in_o the_o two_o chapter_n of_o surprise_v i_o have_v begin_v with_o the_o mean_n to_o defend_v one_o self_n for_o that_o we_o must_v never_o undertake_v to_o attempt_v the_o surprise_n of_o any_o fort_n but_o upon_o the_o defect_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o they_o so_o that_o he_o which_o know_v not_o on_o which_o part_n nor_o after_o which_o manner_n he_o ought_v to_o make_v his_o assault_n must_v be_v prepare_v for_o all_o manner_n of_o accident_n in_o these_o two_o i_o will_v begin_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o assail_a of_o town_n by_o siege_n for_o that_o you_o must_v observe_v by_o what_o place_n and_o after_o what_o manner_n you_o be_v assail_v to_o make_v a_o good_a defence_n against_o it_o sieges_n be_v undertake_v either_o by_o block_v up_o of_o town_n to_o famish_v they_o or_o by_o take_v they_o by_o force_n for_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o you_o must_v be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n and_o you_o must_v have_v two_o army_n the_o one_o to_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n from_o undertake_v any_o thing_n and_o the_o other_o to_o form_v your_o siege_n or_o in_o any_o case_n you_o must_v be_v the_o first_o in_o the_o field_n that_o you_o may_v so_o fortify_v yourself_o before_o the_o town_n you_o besiege_v as_o you_o may_v be_v able_a to_o maintain_v yourself_o there_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o furious_a attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o get_v the_o town_n which_o you_o mean_v to_o besiege_v at_o the_o easy_a rate_n you_o must_v attempt_v to_o surprise_v it_o when_o there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a garrison_n in_o it_o to_o this_o end_n you_o be_v to_o use_v all_o manner_n of_o invention_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o your_o purpose_n to_o besiege_v it_o then_o all_o on_o a_o sudden_a you_o must_v go_v and_o block_n it_o up_o but_o if_o notwithstanding_o all_o your_o stratagem_n you_o be_v not_o able_a to_o surprise_v it_o at_o unaware_o or_o that_o you_o apprehend_v the_o charge_n to_o be_v too_o great_a it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o make_v some_o other_o siege_n of_o less_o importance_n for_o a_o town_n well_o and_o obstinate_o defend_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o army_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o take_v it_o often_o diminish_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o commander_n which_o assail_v it_o for_o this_o cause_n before_o you_o undertake_v any_o such_o thing_n it_o must_v be_v well_o consider_v on_o and_o you_o must_v provide_v yourself_o abundant_o of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o effect_v it_o when_o you_o form_n a_o siege_n you_o must_v appoint_v your_o quarter_n asmuch_o as_n may_v be_v in_o healthful_a place_n and_o be_v careful_a to_o make_v they_o spacious_a enough_o and_o to_o keep_v they_o clean_o for_o you_o must_v account_v upon_o your_o time_n of_o abode_n there_o that_o your_o army_n be_v not_o waste_v by_o disease_n you_o must_v make_v the_o quarter_n of_o your_o army_n so_o near_o the_o town_n besiege_v as_o may_v be_v yet_o so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o discommodate_v by_o their_o artillery_n and_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v level_a and_o lie_v open_a round_o about_o the_o quarter_n must_v be_v out_o of_o reach_n of_o the_o cannon_n you_o must_v make_v as_o many_o quarter_n as_o the_o place_n be_v which_o you_o intend_v to_o assault_v or_o at_o least_o as_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o town_n besiege_v or_o the_o situation_n thereof_o require_v nevertheless_o i_o will_v have_v the_o general_n quarter_n to_o be_v so_o large_a as_o in_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n it_o may_v receive_v all_o the_o troop_n of_o the_o other_o quarter_n if_o you_o make_v a_o siege_n with_o a_o small_a army_n and_o that_o the_o garrison_n be_v strong_a you_o must_v fortify_v the_o quarter_n one_o after_o another_o with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o army_n and_o in_o this_o case_n you_o must_v make_v the_o few_o quarter_n and_o attempt_v the_o few_o place_n but_o if_o you_o find_v yourself_o strong_a enough_o you_o may_v abridge_v the_o business_n and_o make_v they_o all_o at_o once_o beside_o this_o you_o must_v make_v a_o circumvallation_n will_z h_z fort_n and_o redoubt_n without_o reach_n of_o cannon_n of_o the_o besiege_a which_o shall_v join_v all_o the_o quarter_v one_o to_o the_o other_o behind_o which_o your_o army_n may_v present_v itself_o in_o battalion_n and_o this_o line_n must_v be_v lead_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o it_o may_v possess_v all_o the_o command_a place_n and_o if_o the_o garrison_n of_o the_o town_n besiege_v be_v so_o strong_a as_o you_o may_v fear_v to_o be_v assail_v on_o both_o side_n you_o must_v make_v another_o circumvallation_n about_o the_o town_n the_o near_a that_o may_v be_v that_o so_o it_o may_v require_v the_o few_o man_n to_o guard_v it_o for_o it_o be_v make_v to_o oppose_v yourself_o against_o the_o town_n you_o need_v not_o take_v care_n to_o make_v it_o out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o cannon_n for_o the_o open_n of_o the_o trench_n you_o be_v to_o use_v the_o more_o or_o few_o ceremony_n according_a as_o the_o garrison_n be_v strong_a or_o weak_a if_o it_o be_v strong_a you_o begin_v by_o a_o good_a fort_n and_o continue_v by_o good_a redoubt_n along_o the_o trench_n leave_v only_a sentinel_n in_o they_o for_o it_o be_v a_o old_a error_n to_o think_v to_o defend_v trench_n if_o the_o garrison_n be_v weak_a you_o need_v not_o make_v so_o much_o ado_n to_o gain_v time_n the_o battery_n
dare_v say_v of_o the_o most_o victorious_a army_n it_o be_v principal_o in_o the_o time_n of_o prosperity_n that_o man_n grow_v effeminate_a and_o give_v themselves_o to_o take_v their_o ease_n and_o in_o that_o time_n it_o ought_v least_o to_o be_v do_v if_o after_o the_o example_n of_o the_o delicacy_n of_o capua_n where_n hannibal_n army_n embase_v itself_o they_o will_v not_o do_v the_o same_o whilst_o we_o be_v about_o cut_v off_o unnecessary_a thing_n from_o the_o army_n i_o will_v say_v a_o word_n concern_v pioner_n there_o be_v captain_n of_o our_o time_n which_o will_v have_v a_o unbridled_a number_n of_o they_o and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o cut_v off_o some_o regiment_n of_o soldier_n and_o to_o take_v pioner_n in_o their_o stead_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o trench_n in_o a_o siege_n the_o accommodation_n of_o the_o way_n brief_o to_o take_v away_o all_o employment_n from_o the_o soldier_n of_o work_v in_o the_o ground_n for_o that_o they_o in_o these_o time_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o such_o labour_n as_o the_o ancient_a roman_n be_v allege_v further_a that_o the_o soldier_n when_o he_o arrive_v at_o his_o quarter_n be_v sufficient_o tire_v though_o he_o be_v not_o employ_v a_o new_a to_o cast_v up_o earth_n a_o opinion_n whereat_o i_o can_v wonder_v enough_o and_o which_o strengthen_v i_o in_o that_o which_o i_o hold_v that_o we_o spoil_v our_o soldier_n by_o spare_v they_o too_o much_o there_o must_v be_v care_v take_v for_o their_o livelihood_n for_o their_o clothing_n for_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a and_o hurt_v but_o they_o must_v be_v harden_v to_o labour_n and_o their_o general_n and_o other_o commander_n must_v be_v example_n to_o they_o for_o if_o you_o will_v reduce_v they_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o a_o little_a while_o you_o burst_v yourself_o with_o excess_n of_o meat_n and_o to_o labour_v while_o you_o glory_v it_o and_o live_v in_o laziness_n i_o confess_v they_o will_v murmur_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o pioner_n it_o be_v necessary_a you_o shall_v have_v they_o to_o accommodate_v the_o way_n for_o the_o artillery_n principal_o for_o which_o five_o hundred_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o great_a equipage_n concern_v the_o enclose_v of_o the_o camp_n the_o soldier_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v it_o for_o that_o this_o labour_n procure_v he_o a_o mean_n to_o rest_v himself_o and_o to_o sleep_v in_o safety_n i_o say_v further_o that_o it_o be_v a_o work_n which_o must_v be_v do_v in_o three_o or_o four_o hour_n to_o this_o end_n all_o the_o army_n work_v at_o it_o or_o at_o least_o half_a of_o it_o when_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_a hand_n so_o that_o if_o we_o must_v needs_o have_v it_o do_v by_o pioner_n there_o have_v need_n be_v as_o many_o of_o they_o in_o a_o army_n as_o there_o be_v soldier_n which_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o famish_v a_o whole_a country_n and_o to_o increase_v the_o turmoil_n which_o we_o will_v diminish_v concern_v the_o trench_n i_o never_o see_v it_o succeed_v well_o when_o pioner_n do_v it_o and_o while_o the_o danger_n grow_v the_o most_o valiant_a soldier_n be_v not_o too_o good_a for_o that_o employment_n and_o further_o they_o must_v be_v incite_v to_o that_o work_n by_o the_o gain_n of_o it_o which_o will_v serve_v to_o assure_v themselves_o the_o better_a in_o that_o danger_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o mean_n to_o spare_v something_o to_o cloth_n themselves_o and_o no_o money_n be_v so_o well_o employ_v as_o that_o in_o a_o army_n chap._n xv._o of_o spy_n and_o guide_v there_o be_v yet_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n whereof_o contrary_a to_o the_o pioner_n there_o can_v be_v too_o many_o in_o a_o army_n which_o be_v spy_n and_o guide_v the_o first_o advertise_v you_o of_o the_o deportment_n of_o the_o enemy_n upon_o who_o report_n either_o you_o enterprise_n something_o upon_o he_o or_o you_o guard_v yourself_o from_o his_o design_n the_o second_o give_v you_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o way_n and_o passage_n by_o which_o you_o be_v to_o pass_v or_o else_o by_o what_o way_n your_o enemy_n can_v come_v to_o you_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o must_v be_v faithful_a for_o that_o in_o advise_v you_o false_o or_o guide_v you_o malicious_o they_o may_v cause_v you_o to_o fall_v into_o great_a danger_n you_o must_v have_v good_a store_n of_o guide_n for_o that_o especial_o if_o you_o march_v by_o night_n every_o gross_a troup_n or_o at_o least_o every_o body_n have_v need_n of_o their_o own_o and_o before_o you_o set_v forward_o they_o must_v all_o be_v agree_v on_o the_o way_n which_o they_o will_v take_v there_o must_v be_v a_o captain_n of_o the_o guide_n a_o man_n of_o spirit_n and_o vigilant_a and_o that_o may_v take_v care_n to_o get_v guide_n from_o place_n to_o place_n concern_v spy_n there_o must_v be_v something_o more_o observe_v in_o they_o and_o you_o must_v be_v always_o suspicious_a of_o they_o for_o that_o as_o it_o be_v a_o dangerous_a task_n for_o he_o that_o undertake_v it_o so_o it_o be_v also_o for_o he_o that_o employ_v they_o to_o this_o end_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o no_o man_n know_v they_o but_o he_o which_o employ_v they_o and_o that_o spy_n may_v not_o know_v each_o other_o that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o agree_v to_o give_v false_a advice_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n by_o examine_v they_o several_o by_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o their_o advice_n you_o may_v judge_v whether_o they_o be_v good_a and_o by_o the_o verification_n of_o those_o which_o speak_v true_a or_o false_a you_o shall_v know_v who_o betray_v you_o or_o do_v you_o true_a service_n and_o howsoever_o when_o you_o discover_v traitor_n yet_o i_o say_v you_o may_v make_v a_o profitable_a use_n of_o they_o by_o feign_v that_o you_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v faithful_a and_o give_v they_o commission_n which_o they_o may_v discover_v to_o the_o enemy_n that_o you_o have_v some_o design_n quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o you_o intend_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n that_o so_o while_o he_o be_v prepare_v himself_o for_o one_o side_n you_o may_v attempt_v something_o upon_o he_o on_o the_o other_o but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o to_o beware_v of_o your_o own_o spy_n you_o must_v also_o take_v heed_n of_o those_o of_o the_o enemy_n which_o you_o must_v presuppose_v you_o have_v within_o your_o camp_n as_o the_o enemy_n have_v of_o you_o for_o this_o reason_n beside_o the_o secrecy_n which_o must_v be_v use_v in_o all_o enterprise_n it_o be_v good_a to_o give_v a_o charge_n by_o publish_v in_o a_o still_a way_n that_o you_o have_v a_o quite_o contrary_a design_n to_o that_o which_o you_o purpose_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n that_o so_o those_o spy_n may_v so_o report_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n but_o the_o most_o essential_a mean_n to_o be_v well_o serve_v by_o this_o kind_n of_o man_n be_v to_o be_v very_o liberal_a to_o they_o for_o they_o be_v faithful_a to_o they_o which_o give_v they_o most_o chap._n xvi_o of_o victual_n but_o see_v it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v a_o army_n compose_v of_o good_a commander_n and_o valiant_a soldier_n well_o discipline_v and_o obedient_a well_o furnish_v with_o artillery_n and_o munition_n if_o they_o have_v not_o what_o to_o eat_v i_o will_v distinguish_v this_o chapter_n into_o five_o part_n the_o first_o to_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n the_o second_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o carriage_n of_o it_o the_o three_o of_o the_o safe_a convey_n of_o it_o the_o four_o of_o the_o make_n of_o good_a bread_n and_o the_o five_o of_o the_o distribution_n of_o it_o to_o this_o end_n the_o commissary_n general_a of_o the_o victual_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o authority_n faithful_a vigilant_a and_o active_a and_o this_o office_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v as_o nowadays_o it_o be_v nor_o give_v to_o man_n of_o mean_a quality_n for_o it_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n that_o according_a as_o it_o be_v either_o well_o or_o ill_o discharge_v it_o cause_v a_o army_n to_o subsist_v or_o go_v to_o ruin_v and_o the_o roman_n always_o commit_v it_o to_o some_o eminent_a person_n to_o come_v to_o particular_n i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o provision_n of_o corn_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v in_o due_a time_n in_o sufficient_a quantity_n in_o a_o commodious_a place_n for_o transportation_n and_o that_o choice_n be_v make_v of_o very_o good_a corn_n for_o you_o must_v not_o conceive_v any_o hope_n of_o find_v it_o either_o in_o the_o champain_n or_o town_n where_o you_o be_v to_o go_v because_o the_o enemy_n may_v either_o hoard_v it_o up_o or_o burn_v it_o and_o so_o on_o that_o hope_n you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o
only_a point_n all_o your_o design_n frustrate_v in_o the_o second_o you_o must_v make_v magazine_n in_o divers_a place_n that_o so_o you_o may_v not_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v all_o at_o once_o both_o in_o town_n and_o castle_n which_o be_v near_o and_o most_o commodious_a for_o the_o transport_v of_o corn_n into_o your_o army_n and_o according_a to_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n you_o be_v to_o make_v provision_n of_o wagon_n or_o mule_n to_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o camp_n where_o must_v always_o be_v a_o magazine_n for_o a_o fortnight_n which_o shall_v not_o be_v meddle_v with_o but_o in_o extremity_n or_o for_o some_o extraordinary_a enterprise_n in_o the_o three_o place_n the_o carriage_n of_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v perform_v without_o a_o good_a convoy_n and_o never_o on_o any_o prefix_a day_n to_o prevent_v the_o preparation_n of_o take_v of_o it_o while_o it_o be_v on_o the_o way_n in_o the_o four_o to_o hinder_v the_o abuse_n which_o be_v ordinary_o use_v and_o i_o dare_v say_v ever_o unless_o there_o be_v a_o very_a narrow_a look_v to_o it_o about_o the_o bread_n for_o for_o their_o private_a gain_n they_o mingle_v bad_a grain_n with_o it_o yea_o even_a earth_n and_o use_v other_o base_a trick_n whence_o for_o the_o most_o part_n proceed_v disease_n in_o a_o army_n which_o be_v a_o mischief_n which_o can_v be_v too_o severe_o punish_v and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o it_o may_v be_v well_o distribute_v and_o not_o waste_v for_o if_o you_o trust_v the_o sergeant_n they_o always_o take_v for_o double_a the_o number_n of_o soldier_n they_o have_v in_o their_o company_n to_o this_o end_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o commissary_n general_a of_o the_o victual_n from_o week_n to_o week_n shall_v have_v a_o exact_a list_n of_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o army_n sign_v by_o the_o general_n that_o so_o he_o may_v order_v the_o distribution_n of_o bread_n according_a to_o it_o beside_o you_o must_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v rigorous_o which_o pillage_n those_o victualler_n and_o other_o person_n which_o bring_v victual_v to_o the_o camp_n whereof_o the_o price_n must_v be_v regulate_v that_o so_o the_o soldier_n may_v not_o be_v shark_v upon_o when_o you_o be_v at_o a_o well_o retrench_v siege_n where_o the_o hope_n to_o make_v you_o quit_v it_o consist_v in_o nothing_o else_o but_o in_o cut_v off_o your_o victual_n you_o must_v have_v that_o foresight_n to_o cause_n so_o much_o to_o be_v bring_v within_o your_o camp_n as_o you_o judge_v to_o be_v necessary_a to_o serve_v your_o turn_n for_o the_o time_n you_o believe_v you_o shall_v stay_v to_o take_v the_o town_n besiege_v as_o cesar_n do_v before_o alexia_n there_o be_v many_o rule_n to_o be_v give_v on_o this_o subject_n to_o hinder_v the_o abuse_n which_o may_v be_v use_v therein_o which_o i_o omit_v to_o avoid_v prolixity_n besides_o they_o be_v petty_a order_n which_o be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o place_n and_o occasion_n all_o which_o shall_v tend_v to_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o draw_v victual_n to_o the_o army_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o excessive_a price_n of_o it_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o general_a officer_n of_o a_o army_n and_o of_o their_o function_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o necessary_a in_o a_o army_n then_o to_o have_v the_o office_n therein_o well_o regulate_v and_o that_o every_o man_n may_v know_v who_o he_o be_v to_o command_v and_o who_o he_o ought_v to_o obey_v and_o yet_o i_o never_o see_v that_o absolute_o decide_v in_o any_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o i_o have_v be_v willing_a here_o to_o make_v a_o project_n how_o thing_n therein_o ought_v to_o be_v establish_v the_o general_n ought_v to_o have_v absolute_a power_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v communicate_v to_o any_o for_o in_o war_n more_o than_o in_o any_o other_o profession_n the_o command_n ought_v to_o be_v singular_a and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a bad_a introduction_n to_o make_v general_n which_o command_v the_o army_n by_o the_o day_n or_o by_o the_o week_n or_o by_o the_o month_n at_o all_o time_n when_o the_o roman_n do_v so_o they_o speed_v the_o worse_a for_o it_o then_o there_o must_v be_v a_o lieutenant_n general_a or_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_a which_o ought_v to_o take_v care_n to_o cause_v all_o the_o general_n command_n to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n as_o absolute_o as_o himself_o thereby_o to_o ease_v he_o it_o be_v too_o hard_a a_o thing_n for_o the_o general_n to_o do_v all_o especial_o when_o the_o army_n march_v for_o that_o of_o all_o necessity_n there_o must_v be_v a_o man_n of_o eminent_a authority_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n and_o who_o all_o the_o other_o commander_n do_v acknowledge_v sometime_o there_o be_v a_o lieutenant_n general_a and_o a_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_a to_o perform_v these_o two_o office_n nevertheless_o these_o two_o place_n be_v bear_v by_o two_o man_n in_o a_o army_n oftentimes_o bring_v confusion_n and_o cause_n that_o which_o we_o desire_v to_o avoid_v for_o in_o the_o function_n thereof_o they_o never_o agree_v because_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_a do_v his_o office_n must_v distribute_v the_o command_n of_o the_o general_n to_o all_o the_o other_o commander_n he_o must_v march_v in_o the_o vanguard_n order_n the_o lodging_n and_o encamp_n insomuch_o as_o i_o know_v not_o what_o function_n the_o lieutenant_n general_a shall_v have_v unless_o he_o usurp_v the_o other_o office_n or_o else_o that_o he_o serve_v only_a as_o a_o shoot_a trunk_n that_o so_o through_o he_o the_o general_n command_n may_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n i_o conclude_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v but_o one_o of_o these_o two_o office_n that_o do_v i_o divide_v all_o the_o function_n of_o the_o army_n into_o four_o principal_a part_n namely_o the_o cavalry_n the_o infantry_n the_o artillery_n and_o the_o victual_n and_o will_v treat_v of_o each_o part_n one_o after_o another_o the_o cavalry_n be_v a_o body_n which_o often_o lodge_v separate_v from_o that_o of_o the_o army_n and_o require_v a_o principal_a commander_n to_o who_o all_o the_o rest_n shall_v yield_v obedience_n which_o must_v be_v of_o great_a authority_n and_o eminent_a quality_n or_o of_o such_o experience_n and_o virtue_n that_o all_o the_o other_o commander_n may_v voluntary_o obey_v he_o for_o it_o be_v in_o the_o cavalry_n where_o you_o shall_v meet_v with_o more_o man_n of_o wealth_n and_o good_a family_n and_o consequent_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v make_v to_o obey_v and_o therefore_o this_o authority_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v divide_v and_o because_o in_o march_v the_o cavalry_n be_v ordinary_o in_o the_o front_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o that_o in_o lodging_n you_o be_v ofttimes_o compel_v to_o make_v two_o front_n and_o for_o that_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n the_o horse_n be_v at_o least_o on_o the_o two_o wing_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o be_v a_o lieutenant_n general_n a_o man_n also_o of_o great_a authority_n there_o must_v further_o be_v a_o three_o commander_n who_o the_o most_o part_n call_v a_o commissary_n general_a who_o distribute_v the_o order_n keep_v the_o list_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o convoy_n and_o other_o function_n and_o aught_o to_o go_v and_o take_v the_o order_n from_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o field_n general_a to_o carry_v they_o to_o his_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o distribute_v they_o to_o the_o quarter-master_n which_o come_v for_o they_o from_o every_o quarter_n all_o the_o cavalry_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o company_n of_o which_o regiment_n be_v form_v not_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o infantry_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o colonel_n but_o only_o to_o maintain_v the_o order_n of_o the_o lodging_n and_o of_o battle_n to_o form_v these_o regiment_n you_o put_v four_o or_o five_o company_n together_o with_o one_o of_o carabine_n and_o the_o ancient_a captain_n command_v that_o body_n and_o so_o all_o the_o cavalry_n be_v divide_v which_o make_v it_o plain_o evident_a how_o mere_o unprofitable_a a_o office_n it_o be_v to_o have_v a_o general_a commandder_n of_o the_o carabine_n for_o the_o carabine_n can_v make_v a_o body_n for_o that_o their_o want_n of_o fight_v permit_v it_o not_o neither_o be_v they_o institute_v but_o to_o serve_v the_o cavalry_n either_o at_o their_o quarter_a or_o to_o discover_v or_o for_o intelligence_n or_o to_o give_v a_o charge_n in_o the_o flank_n in_o time_n of_o fight_n or_o in_o a_o retreat_n to_o harry_v they_o who_o you_o chase_v or_o to_o keep_v you_o from_o be_v so_o when_o you_o be_v pursue_v in_o effect_n good_a carabine_n mingle_v among_o the_o cavalâ—â—e_n be_v of_o very_o good_a service_n but_o