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it_o long_o after_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o pistol_n whether_o the_o lance_n be_v lay_v aside_o as_o useless_a in_o germany_n england_n scotland_n france_n denmark_n and_o sweden_n by_o the_o command_n of_o several_a prince_n or_o only_o wear_v out_o by_o time_n i_o know_v not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o use_v in_o these_o place_n be_v certain_a enough_o and_o true_o i_o wonder_v why_o it_o shall_v not_o now_o rather_o be_v use_v when_o the_o nakedness_n of_o man_n breast_n without_o defensive_a arm_n render_v they_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o stroke_n or_o push_v of_o a_o lance_n than_o in_o former_a time_n when_o few_o or_o no_o horseman_n be_v to_o be_v see_v without_o a_o corslet_n i_o shall_v not_o doubt_v but_o there_o be_v strong_a reason_n though_o i_o know_v they_o not_o why_o our_o european_a general_n for_o most_o part_n have_v abandon_v the_o use_n of_o the_o lance_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o it_o have_v be_v a_o serviceable_a weapon_n 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french_a cavalry_n archer_n and_o light_a horse_n how_o the_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr be_v mount_v and_o arm_v have_v be_v tell_v you_o and_o these_o be_v use_v by_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n before_o ever_o the_o roman_a name_n be_v know_v among_o they_o and_o be_v call_v clupeati_fw-la these_o latter_a clupeati_fw-la clupeati_fw-la gens_n d'armes_fw-fr or_o curiassier_n be_v all_o order_v in_o several_a troop_n but_o not_o in_o regiment_n these_o troop_n be_v all_o to_o be_v compose_v of_o gentleman_n by_o their_o birth_n and_o be_v not_o of_o equal_a strength_n they_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n for_o some_o be_v in_o the_o kind_n gens_n d'armes_fw-fr of_o two_o kind_n king_n pay_n some_o not_z those_o entertain_v by_o the_o king_n be_v call_v des_fw-mi ordonnance_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr or_o of_o the_o king_n establishment_n some_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o gentleman_n some_o of_o sixty_o some_o of_o fifty_o and_o some_o of_o forty_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n or_o merit_n of_o the_o captain_n or_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o french_a troop_n of_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n pay_n be_v compose_v of_o those_o gentleman_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v on_o their_o own_o charge_n three_o month_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o forty_o day_n without_o it_o the_o french_a archer_n before_o the_o time_n of_o gunpowder_n carry_v bow_n and_o arrow_n archer_n archer_n and_o from_o thence_o have_v the_o name_n of_o archer_n but_o at_o this_o time_n of_o which_o i_o speak_v they_o have_v for_o weapon_n pistol_n sword_n mace_n or_o half_a lance_n those_o who_o be_v call_v chevaux_n leger_n or_o light_a horse_n have_v much_o the_o like_a arm_n but_o horseman_n light_a horseman_n instead_o of_o a_o pistol_n each_o have_v a_o harquebus_n hang_v at_o his_o saddle_n the_o main_a difference_n between_o these_o two_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o archer_n compose_v no_o several_a or_o distinct_a body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n but_o be_v to_o attend_v the_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr for_o every_o man_n of_o arm_n have_v the_o allowance_n of_o a_o archer_n to_o wait_v on_o he_o so_o that_o how_o strong_a soever_o the_o company_n of_o the_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr be_v of_o that_o same_o number_n horseman_n the_o difference_n between_o a_o archer_n and_o a_o light_a horseman_n be_v the_o archer_n that_o attend_v it_o but_o the_o cavalry_n legere_n or_o the_o light_a horse_n be_v not_o at_o all_o oblige_v to_o any_o such_o attendance_n but_o have_v a_o general_n of_o their_o own_o who_o marshal_v they_o who_o march_v with_o they_o and_o fight_v with_o they_o either_o as_o he_o himself_o think_v good_a or_o as_o he_o be_v order_v to_o do_v by_o the_o great_a constable_n or_o one_o of_o the_o marshal_n of_o france_n and_o assure_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o archer_n to_o attend_v the_o man_n at_o arm_n be_v excellent_a for_o the_o curiassier_n not_o be_v able_a to_o caragol_n be_v oblige_v in_o their_o charge_n to_o break_v through_o or_o be_v beat_v and_o in_o any_o of_o these_o case_n the_o archer_n be_v of_o good_a use_n if_o they_o be_v worsted_n to_o support_v they_o or_o to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n when_o he_o be_v put_v to_o flight_n which_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n can_v not_o do_v because_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o armour_n now_o all_o these_o three_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr archer_n and_o light_a horseman_n keep_v how_o many_o horse_n all_o three_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v each_o of_o they_o more_o horse_n than_o one_o whereas_o now_o our_o trooper_n be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v no_o more_o but_o one_o and_o have_v allowance_n of_o pay_n little_a enough_o for_o that_o one_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o war_n which_o the_o protestant_n of_o france_n make_v with_o their_o king_n ago_o in_o the_o
will_v be_v or_o the_o way_n narrow_a as_o for_o most_o part_n it_o chance_v to_o be_v you_o may_v see_v i_o say_v how_o many_o mile_n may_v be_v between_o your_o front_n and_o your_o rear_n and_o indeed_o though_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n by_o the_o stick_n of_o great_a gun_n and_o pot-piece_n in_o deep_a dirty_a or_o clay_n ground_n give_v no_o retardment_n to_o the_o march_n as_o frequent_o it_o do_v or_o that_o a_o army_n meet_v with_o no_o extraordinary_a encumbrance_n as_o happy_o it_o may_v yet_o it_o will_v be_v no_o marvel_n to_o see_v the_o van_n at_o the_o head_n quarter_n before_o the_o rearguard_n be_v march_v out_o of_o their_o last_o night_n leaguer_n though_o the_o march_v be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n to_o allow_v as_o little_a distance_n or_o interval_n between_o several_a body_n or_o batallion_n as_o may_v be_v and_o to_o secure_a a_o close_a march_n the_o best_a and_o secure_a divide_v a_o army_n into_o two_o three_o or_o more_o body_n and_o march_v several_a way_n to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n when_o it_o may_v be_v do_v safe_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o if_o he_o be_v in_o your_o rear_n and_o that_o you_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v divide_v so_o you_o keep_v good_a order_n facilitate_v your_o retreat_n the_o two_o prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n both_o of_o they_o excellent_a captain_n order_v that_o in_o a_o march_n when_o one_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a partition_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o but_o fifty_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o only_o eighty_o foot_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o these_o prince_n cause_v their_o army_n to_o march_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n in_o three_o great_a body_n van_n guard_n battle_n and_o rearguard_n and_o those_o they_o call_v tercias_n or_o tersos_fw-la a_o spanish_a word_n which_o signify_v three_o and_o so_o the_o spaniard_n call_v their_o regiment_n of_o old_a and_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v they_o do_v so_o still_o these_o tersos_fw-la of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v indeed_o grand_a brigade_n and_o these_o have_v maâ—â—rs_n who_o be_v call_v major_n of_o the_o brigade_n beside_o major_n of_o regiment_n and_o in_o a_o march_n the_o prince_n allow_v no_o great_a distance_n between_o these_o great_a body_n but_o a_o hundred_o or_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n at_o most_o and_o herein_o they_o do_v not_o quadrate_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a captain_n who_o will_v have_v as_o great_a a_o distance_n between_o brigade_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o brigade_n be_v which_o we_o may_v suppose_v to_o be_v very_o many_o time_n a_o thousand_o foot_n though_o sometime_o less_o and_o consequent_o if_o there_o be_v ten_o such_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o very_a nine_o interval_n between_o the_o ten_o brigade_n take_v up_o nine_o thousand_o foot_n near_o two_o italian_a mile_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o way_n be_v not_o very_o broad_a there_o will_v be_v several_a mile_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o infantry_n but_o the_o reason_n bring_v by_o those_o that_o be_v of_o this_o judgement_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v but_o weak_a by_o a_o visible_a practice_n when_o a_o army_n be_v to_o go_v over_o a_o pass_n a_o water_n or_o a_o bridge_n the_o whole_a straight_a to_o march_v over_o a_o pass_n or_o a_o straight_a body_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v order_v to_o march_v very_o close_o lose_v something_o of_o their_o ordinary_a distance_n that_o one_o brigade_n or_o batallion_n be_v past_a another_o may_v immediate_o follow_v without_o intermission_n captain_n rud_n the_o late_a king_n engineer_n a_o very_a worthy_a person_n say_v at_o the_o pass_v a_o strait_a a_o army_n shall_v make_v a_o halt_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n and_o then_o pass_v over_o so_o many_o in_o breast_n as_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o over_o draw_v up_o again_o before_o time_n and_o not_o lose_v time_n they_o march_v for_o the_o last_o part_n i_o shall_v agree_v with_o he_o for_o no_o soon_o shall_v any_o forlorn-hope_a troop_n company_n or_o regiment_n be_v over_o a_o pass_n but_o they_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n till_o some_o other_o be_v over_o and_o if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n enough_o they_o shall_v advance_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o they_o find_v a_o more_o spacious_a field_n where_o they_o may_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n and_o expect_v the_o rest_n or_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o every_o particular_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n shall_v draw_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o strait_n which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v till_o the_o rear_n of_o that_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n come_v up_o and_o then_o begin_v their_o march_n over_o i_o shall_v yet_o agree_v with_o he_o but_o for_o a_o van_n of_o a_o army_n to_o stay_v till_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o pass_v a_o strait_a be_v a_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n which_o in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v very_o precious_a for_o in_o a_o army_n but_o of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n that_o halt_n shall_v be_v the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o four_o hour_n and_o this_o furnish_v a_o opportunity_n to_o a_o enemy_n to_o oppose_v the_o passage_n or_o wait_v his_o advantage_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o strait_a with_o more_o force_n policy_n and_o deliberation_n chap._n xx._n of_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o modern_a castrametation_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v and_o the_o army_n have_v march_v far_o quarter_n must_v be_v make_v somewhere_o and_o it_o must_v be_v either_o in_o town_n village_n or_o the_o field_n if_o the_o army_n be_v disperse_v in_o several_a village_n or_o hamlet_n it_o be_v do_v that_o it_o may_v village_n to_o quarter_v in_o village_n be_v refresh_v for_o some_o short_a time_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n if_o it_o be_v to_o lodge_v for_o one_o night_n and_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o than_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n stand_v in_o the_o field_n all_o night_n with_o strong_a guard_n forlorn-hope_n round_n and_o patrovilles_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o ordinary_o the_o head_n quarter_n be_v in_o some_o little_a town_n or_o village_n and_o the_o cavalry_n quarter_v round_o about_o in_o hamlet_n the_o infantry_n be_v encamp_v close_o by_o the_o head-quarter_n and_o if_o it_o be_v but_o to_o stay_v a_o night_n or_o two_o it_o do_v not_o usual_o entrench_v but_o as_o the_o old_a grecian_n do_v encamp_v on_o some_o place_n something_o fortify_v by_o nature_n as_o on_o a_o hill_n or_o some_o defensible_a ascent_n or_o where_o a_o river_n may_v be_v on_o one_o hand_n and_o a_o marsh_n on_o the_o other_o and_o where_o the_o place_n iâ—_n defective_a they_o must_v help_v it_o with_o spade_n and_o mattock_n if_o danger_n be_v apprehend_v or_o if_o the_o foot_n must_v lodge_v in_o a_o champagn_n their_o wagon_n field_n to_o quarter_v in_o the_o field_n draw_v about_o they_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a good_a shelter_n against_o sudden_a infall_n and_o this_o the_o german_n call_v a_o wagonburg_n that_o be_v a_o fortification_n of_o wagon_n and_o it_o be_v better_a than_o the_o roman_a fossa_n tumultuaria_fw-la in_o ancient_a time_n where_o ever_o this_o night-leaguer_n chance_v to_o be_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a must_v be_v careful_a to_o choose_v such_o a_o place_n as_o want_n for_o neither_o wood_n water_n nor_o foderage_n a_o alarm-place_n shall_v be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horse_n in_o case_n their_o quarter_n happen_v to_o be_v beat_v up_o in_o the_o night_n as_o also_o a_o place_n of_o rendezvouz_n at_o which_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o meet_v next_o day_n if_o it_o be_v all_o in_o one_o body_n and_o at_o such_o a_o hour_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v the_o encamp_a of_o a_o army_n for_o some_o considerable_a time_n require_v a_o orderly_a time_n to_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v for_o a_o long_a time_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o very_o ordinary_a yet_o it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o several_a accident_n and_o emergement_n such_o as_o these_o when_o a_o enemy_n come_v unexpected_o who_o strength_n and_o design_n be_v not_o know_v when_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n it_o reason_n for_o it_o when_o he_o will_v preserve_v the_o country_n behind_o he_o whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n himself_o or_o to_o his_o friend_n or_o that_o he_o have_v win_v it_o from_o his_o enemy_n when_o the_o pestilence_n or_o other_o
where_o ordinary_o clock_n do_v not_o strike_v nor_o bell_n ring_n than_o the_o caporal_n be_v to_o have_v allowance_n of_o match_n which_o they_o call_v passelunt_a whereby_o they_o regulate_v passelunt_n passelunt_n themselves_o to_o relieve_v their_o sentinel_n when_o six_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n of_o it_o be_v burn_v in_o camp_n and_o garrison_n drummer_n be_v to_o beat_v taptoo_o at_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n revallie_o this_o word_n zapzu_n or_o taptoo_n be_v high_a and_o and_o low_a dutch_a and_o taptoo_n taptoo_n signify_v no_o more_o drink_n to_o be_v tap_v or_o sell_v and_o be_v not_o as_o some_o fancy_n to_o advertise_v the_o guard_n to_o place_v their_o night_n sentinel_n but_o to_o acquaint_v sutler_n to_z sell_v no_o more_o drink_n and_o soldier_n to_o go_v home_o to_o their_o lodging_n and_o who_o be_v find_v out_o of_o their_o quarter_n after_o it_o aught_o to_o be_v punish_v it_o shall_v be_v â—eat_n constant_o at_o one_o hour_n summer_n and_o winter_n and_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n be_v a_o proper_a time_n for_o it_o but_o by-guard_n as_o they_o be_v call_v and_o night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o their_o by-guard_n night_n sentinel_n and_o by-guard_n post_n when_o daylight_n be_v well_o near_o spend_v and_o this_o in_o winter_n will_v be_v about_o four_o and_o in_o summer_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n neither_o ought_v the_o last_o night_n sentinel_n to_o leave_v their_o post_n till_o the_o diana_n or_o revallie_o beat_v which_o can_v be_v do_v at_o one_o constant_a hour_n as_o the_o taptoo_n for_o in_o winter_n it_o may_v be_v eight_o and_o in_o summer_n three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o beat_v it_o shall_v not_o till_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n give_v order_n for_o it_o and_o he_o be_v not_o to_o take_v up_o his_o measure_n by_o daylight_n revallie_o diana_n travaille_n or_o revallie_o but_o by_o the_o clearness_n darkness_n or_o mistiness_n of_o the_o morning_n the_o night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o continue_v on_o their_o duty_n till_o they_o can_v discover_v all_o the_o field_n about_o they_o when_o by_o order_n of_o the_o colonel_n or_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n the_o diana_n be_v beat_v at_o the_o head_n watch_n all_o the_o drummer_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o guard_n ought_v immediate_o to_o beat_v and_o then_o the_o night_n watch_v and_o sentinel_n come_v to_o their_o several_a guard_n it_o be_v then_o also_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v be_v in_o their_o quarter_n or_o hut_v all_o night_n and_o either_o townsman_n or_o country_n people_n who_o be_v order_v to_o work_v at_o the_o fortification_n either_o of_o town_n or_o camp_n be_v to_o go_v to_o their_o work_n and_o therefore_o this_o beat_n of_o the_o drum_n in_o the_o morning_n i_o think_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v travaille_n than_o revallie_o chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n previous_a to_o a_o battle_n of_o a_o battle_n itself_o and_o of_o thing_n after_o a_o battle_n of_o all_o martial_a act_n to_o fight_v a_o battle_n well_o and_o gain_v the_o victory_n be_v of_o the_o high_a importance_n and_o make_v the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n most_o renown_v it_o be_v this_o and_o neither_o retreat_n nor_o take_v town_n though_o both_o these_o show_v the_o qualification_n of_o a_o excellent_a captain_n that_o crown_v they_o with_o laurel_n by_o the_o win_n of_o battle_n sometime_o one_o sometime_o more_o kingdom_n be_v gain_v by_o one_o party_n and_o lose_v by_o another_o let_v we_o then_o take_v a_o view_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v advert_v to_o before_o so_o great_a a_o hazard_n be_v make_v most_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o choose_v general_n shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v if_o they_o can_v choose_v suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v i_o say_v so_o too_o if_o he_o can_v help_v it_o and_o what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o but_o that_o his_o intelligence_n shall_v be_v so_o good_a that_o if_o he_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v he_o shall_v either_o quick_o get_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o way_n or_o strong_o entrench_v his_o army_n in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o can_v want_v provision_n but_o when_o he_o have_v do_v either_o of_o the_o two_o he_o may_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v for_o who_o can_v save_v his_o army_n without_o fight_v if_o his_o enemy_n storm_v his_o retrenchment_n or_o in_o his_o retreat_n pursue_v he_o fierce_o and_o powerful_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o fight_v well_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o battle_n succeed_v sometime_o well_o have_v a_o doubtful_a event_n for_o many_o time_n it_o succeed_v well_o as_o it_o do_v with_o alexander_n at_o arbela_n against_o darius_n with_o scipio_n against_o hannibal_n at_o zama_n with_o his_o brother_n against_o antiochus_n in_o asia_n with_o charles_n the_o five_o against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n at_o pavia_n and_o gustavus_n his_o army_n against_o wallenstein_n 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man_n shall_v take_v his_o best_a and_o most_o precious_a thing_n out_o of_o they_o leave_v all_o trash_n and_o luggage_n of_o small_a value_n in_o they_o which_o will_v likewise_o retard_v the_o pursue_a enemy_n and_o these_o good_n the_o officer_n shall_v cast_v upon_o one_o horse_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baggage-horse_n either_o sick_a man_n shall_v be_v mount_v or_o musketeer_n for_o service_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v see_v do_v by_o the_o colonel_n themselves_o under_o pain_n of_o infamy_n and_o no_o less_o do_v they_o deserve_v who_o will_v prefer_v a_o little_a paltry_a stuff_n to_o either_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n or_o the_o safety_n and_o preservation_n of_o any_o one_o sick_a or_o wound_a member_n of_o it_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o do_v so_o oft_o as_o occasion_n require_v it_o shall_v be_v which_o gross_a oversight_n can_v be_v impute_v to_o none_o so_o much_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v to_o none_o else_o but_o to_o the_o general_n in_o all_o retreat_n great_a care_n shall_v be_v take_v that_o none_o get_v leave_v to_o fall_v behind_o to_o prevent_v which_o not_o only_o all_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a officer_n of_o regiment_n shall_v do_v their_o duty_n but_o the_o general_a marshal_n shall_v severe_o execute_v their_o power_n against_o delinquent_n and_o here_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o shoot_v those_o who_o will_v not_o keep_v rank_a and_o file_n i_o tell_v you_o that_o some_o light_a field-piece_n shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o rear_n for_o there_o they_o may_v be_v serviceable_a and_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o great_a if_o they_o be_v take_v for_o if_o he_o who_o command_v the_o army_n see_v he_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n â—ace_n about_o and_o fight_v nor_o can_v retire_v in_o that_o order_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v hardly_o pursue_v by_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevalent_a enemy_n he_o shall_v rather_o bury_v or_o if_o he_o can_v do_v that_o break_v and_o spring_v his_o great_a ordnance_n retreat_n ordnance_z to_o be_v break_v or_o spring_v in_o sudden_a retreat_n than_o lose_v his_o army_n by_o a_o hopeless_a hazard_n it_o to_o preserve_v his_o artillery_n and_o rather_o leave_v his_o foot_n to_o fight_v for_o good_a quarter_n than_o lose_v both_o it_o and_o his_o cavalry_n for_o the_o rule_n never_o fail_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o save_v some_o than_o lose_v all_o yet_o all_o mean_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o either_o infantry_n or_o artillery_n be_v desert_v i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o stay_v two_o or_o three_o hour_n for_o a_o mortar_n which_o be_v a_o great_a one_o and_o bemire_v in_o deep_a and_o dirty_a way_n occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o prince_n palatine_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n king_n be_v little_a army_n in_o their_o retreat_n from_o lemgaw_n to_o vlotho_n when_o a_o party_n of_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n or_o of_o both_o perceive_v they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o fight_v nor_o retire_v in_o a_o body_n it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v practise_v to_o disband_v the_o party_n he_o who_o lead_v it_o bid_v every_o man_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o to_o go_v what_o way_n he_o please_v or_o shall_v find_v most_o safe_a or_o convenient_a for_o he_o and_o to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o place_n as_o he_o then_o name_n so_o soon_o as_o possible_o they_o can_v that_o famous_a retreat_n which_o the_o two_o feltmarshal_n banier_n and_o leslie_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1637._o from_o turgaw_n in_o saxony_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v indeed_o a_o noble_a action_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v short_o this_o banier_n have_v besiege_v tâ—rgaw_n banier_n and_o leslie_n s_o retreat_n from_o tâ—rgaw_n leipsick_a which_o keep_v out_o gallant_o against_o he_o he_o make_v some_o breach_n and_o prepare_v to_o storm_v it_o in_o that_o very_a time_n come_v letter_n from_o leslie_n show_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o the_o river_n saal_n and_o march_v towards_o 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of_o the_o governor_n he_o shall_v have_v good_a intelligence_n he_o shall_v also_o have_v a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o his_o own_o provision_n form_v consideration_n before_o a_o siege_n be_v form_v money_n meat_n and_o munition_n and_o many_o more_o particular_n of_o which_o and_o concern_v which_o no_o definite_a or_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v and_o before_o he_o form_n or_o lay_v down_o his_o siege_n he_o ought_v to_o weigh_v and_o consider_v well_o all_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n that_o may_v accrue_v to_o he_o as_o whether_o the_o gain_v the_o town_n or_o castle_n he_o besiege_v will_v counterpoise_v the_o loss_n of_o man_n and_o that_o vast_a expense_n of_o money_n meat_n and_o munition_n that_o must_v be_v hazard_v and_o bestow_v in_o reduce_v it_o how_o long_a time_n his_o own_o provision_n will_v be_v able_a to_o hold_v out_o whether_o he_o be_v able_a with_o probability_n of_o success_n to_o withstand_v or_o fight_v any_o enemy_n that_o dare_v adventure_v the_o relief_n of_o the_o besiege_a place_n and_o that_o which_o concern_v most_o both_o his_o master_n service_n and_o his_o own_o honour_n be_v to_o cast_v up_o his_o account_n so_o well_o that_o if_o any_o unexpected_a accident_n or_o adventure_n fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v the_o change_n of_o wether_n inundation_n of_o water_n a_o mighty_a and_o unlooked_a for_o succourse_v a_o pestilence_n or_o other_o heavy_a disease_n in_o his_o army_n he_o may_v notwithstanding_o these_o and_o in_o spite_n of_o a_o enemy_n raise_v his_o siege_n and_o march_v away_o to_o place_n of_o safety_n and_o consequent_o make_v a_o honourable_a retreat_n with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n of_o man_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o a_o army_n march_v away_o from_o a_o besiege_a place_n with_o dishonour_n because_o ratio_fw-la bâ—lli_n depend_v on_o emergency_n and_o accident_n change_v as_o oft_o as_o ratio_fw-la status_fw-la and_o as_o in_o this_o nothing_o be_v think_v 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army_n be_v not_o entrench_v who_o do_v not_o have_v no_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o upon_o intelligence_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o one_o they_o must_v be_v ready_a to_o march_v either_o to_o meet_v and_o fight_v that_o enemy_n or_o leave_v both_o he_o and_o the_o besieged_a place_n for_o good_a and_o all_o both_o which_o i_o have_v know_v practise_v those_o who_o entrench_v their_o army_n sieges_n army_n entrench_v at_o sieges_n take_v the_o far_o sure_a way_n though_o the_o do_v it_o cost_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o time_n and_o labour_n the_o entrenchment_n must_v be_v make_v both_o against_o those_o within_o the_o town_n and_o against_o any_o without_o who_o will_v hazard_v to_o relieve_v it_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v proper_o call_v the_o trench_n though_o the_o word_n be_v frequent_o take_v for_o approach_n and_o in_o that_o word_n be_v comprehend_v the_o line_n of_o communication_n which_o line_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n field-sconce_n whole_a and_o half_a bulwark_n star-work_n and_o redout_n none_o of_o these_o shall_v have_v a_o curtain_n between_o they_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o hundred_o foot_n long_o for_o the_o distance_n of_o they_o one_o from_o another_o shall_v be_v less_o than_o a_o musket_n shoot_v they_o shall_v be_v build_v of_o black_a earth_n if_o it_o can_v be_v have_v but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v sandy_a it_o must_v be_v knit_v together_o with_o with_o 's_o fascines_n straw_n or_o grow_a corn_n and_o without_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o pallisado_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n shall_v the_o redout_n and_o battery_n in_o the_o approach_n be_v build_v the_o star-sconce_n have_v their_o side_n 40_o or_o 50_o foot_n long_o and_o their_o point_n far_o distant_a be_v ordinary_o make_v in_o haste_n when_o time_n will_v not_o permit_v better_a to_o be_v make_v if_o a_o army_n be_v numerous_a enough_o or_o that_o there_o be_v store_n of_o pioner_n with_o it_o a_o general_n may_v fortify_v his_o camp_n and_o begin_v his_o approach_n both_o together_o and_o this_o will_v save_v he_o much_o time_n which_o in_o such_o occasion_n be_v very_o precious_a but_o if_o he_o can_v do_v both_o at_o once_o he_o shall_v entrench_v himself_o and_o then_o begin_v those_o work_n which_o be_v call_v approach_n run_v trench_n and_o by_o the_o dutch_a laâ—fgrabon_n in_o make_v these_o to_o break_v ground_n without_o the_o range_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o forâ—_n to_o approach_v to_o a_o forâ—_n ordnance_n will_v be_v too_o far_o and_o within_o musket_n shoot_v perhaps_o too_o near_o yet_o many_o think_v 8_o or_o 900._o foot_n from_o the_o besiege_a fort_n be_v passable_a at_o this_o place_n where_o the_o approach_n begin_v a_o sconce_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o in_o it_o a_o court_n of_o guard_n neither_o be_v it_o amiss_o here_o to_o make_v a_o battery_n and_o in_o it_o to_o plant_v some_o culverines_n and_o twelve_o pounder_n to_o beat_v down_o the_o near_a parapet_n of_o the_o fort_n from_o whence_o those_o who_o be_v to_o work_v in_o the_o approach_n may_v be_v infest_a but_o before_o i_o approach_v any_o near_a the_o fort_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o admire_v how_o captain_n rud_n the_o late_a king_n engineer_n have_v leave_v it_o upon_o record_n that_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o first_o that_o use_v the_o spade_n at_o sieges_n and_o that_o julius_n dispute_v captain_n rudd_n opinion_n dispute_v caesar_n be_v the_o first_o that_o besiege_v town_n by_o circumvallation_n against_o the_o first_o assertion_n though_o we_o shall_v not_o speak_v of_o profane_a author_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o write_v in_o the_o 15._o verse_n of_o the_o 20._o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o samuel_n that_o jacob_n cast_v up_o a_o bank_n say_v our_o translation_n against_o abel_n where_o the_o rebel_n sheba_n be_v deodati_n in_o his_o italian_a translation_n call_v it_o bastione_n a_o bulwark_n now_o these_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o spade_n or_o something_o like_o it_o and_o this_o action_n of_o joab_n be_v do_v some_o age_n before_o romulus_n against_o the_o second_o assertion_n i_o object_v the_o ten_o year_n siege_n of_o vâ—n_n which_o be_v by_o circumvallation_n and_o that_o be_v some_o century_n of_o year_n before_o caesar_n besiege_v alexia_n and_o we_o read_v in_o holy_a writ_n that_o trench_n be_v cast_v and_o tower_n build_v against_o besiege_a town_n and_o that_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o circumvallation_n and_o those_o who_o make_v they_o do_v so_o little_o know_v caesar_n that_o they_o do_v not_o foresee_v that_o ever_o such_o a_o man_n will_v be_v in_o the_o world_n as_o caesar_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o first_o sconce_n or_o battery_n from_o it_o a_o line_n or_o if_o you_o please_v trench_n a_o run_a trench_n a_o run_a trench_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o ditch_n must_v be_v dig_v and_o run_v either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n 3_o 4_o or_o 500_o foot_n long_o a_o little_a crooked_a and_o oblique_a for_o do_v which_o soldier_n be_v appoint_v with_o pickaxe_n spade_n and_o shovel_n one_o behind_o another_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o 4_o or_o 5._o foot_n the_o foremost_a dig_v 3_o or_o 4._o foot_n deep_a cast_v the_o earth_n up_o either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n between_o he_o and_o the_o fort_n and_o so_o by_o he_o who_o be_v first_o and_o they_o that_o come_v after_o he_o the_o run_a trench_n be_v make_v 6_o or_o 8._o foot_n deep_a and_o at_o first_o 6._o foot_n broad_a and_o thereafter_o 10_o or_o 12._o broad_a sometime_o more_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o wagon_n in_o the_o approach_n which_o fall_v out_o sometime_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o first_o line_n a_o redout_n be_v to_o be_v make_v this_o be_v a_o equilateral_a a_o redout_n
make_v useless_a by_o countermure_n and_o retrenchment_n but_o mine_n be_v more_o imperceptible_a yet_o they_o be_v dangerous_a work_n for_o they_o that_o be_v in_o they_o because_o of_o countermine_n which_o when_o the_o mine-master_n find_v he_o be_v to_o divert_v his_o course_n countermine_n countermine_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o sink_v his_o mine_n deep_o and_o if_o the_o counterminer_n be_v under_o he_o he_o have_v need_n make_v haste_n and_o take_v his_o advantage_n by_o pierce_a hole_n and_o chase_v they_o away_o with_o scald_a water_n but_o take_v a_o few_o general_a rule_n for_o mine_n the_o entrance_n shall_v be_v seven_o foot_n high_a and_o five_o foot_n broad_a say_v some_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a and_o four_o broad_a say_v other_o this_o last_o and_o indeed_o perhaps_o no_o mine_n be_v for_o a_o fat_a corpulent_a man_n the_o mine_n all_o along_o mining_n general_a rule_n for_o mining_n must_v be_v line_v on_o both_o side_n and_o cover_v above_o with_o board_n and_o underpropt_v for_o keep_v up_o the_o earth_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o mine_n shall_v be_v careful_o conceal_v from_o the_o besiege_a philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n who_o be_v afterward_o beat_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n flaminius_n do_v not_o ill_a to_o cause_v a_o great_a heap_n of_o earth_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o a_o besiege_a town_n there_o where_o his_o real_a mine_n be_v and_o so_o delude_v the_o besiege_a the_o height_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o mine_n shall_v decrease_v and_o grow_v less_o by_o little_a and_o little_a from_o the_o entry_n till_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o place_n which_o shall_v be_v undermine_v so_o that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o furn_n shall_v be_v no_o wide_a than_o to_o receive_v the_o vessel_n wherein_o the_o powder_n be_v whether_o these_o be_v barrel_n or_o trough_n some_o will_v have_v this_o powder_n chamber_n to_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a four_o or_o five_o broad_a and_o five_o or_o six_o long_a other_o say_v only_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a the_o breadth_n four_o or_o three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a but_o i_o think_v assure_o it_o shall_v be_v proportion_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o powder_n and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o vessel_n that_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v put_v into_o it_o these_o furn_n shall_v be_v close_o and_o strong_o stop_v that_o the_o powder_n get_v no_o vent_n but_o that_o which_o natural_o it_o seek_v upward_o the_o train_n whereby_o the_o powder_n in_o the_o furn_n be_v to_o be_v fire_v train_n the_o train_n shall_v be_v so_o well_o order_v that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o long_o a_o fire_n for_o that_o disappoint_v they_o who_o be_v to_o storm_n make_v they_o apprehensive_a of_o danger_n of_o they_o know_v not_o what_o and_o this_o occasion_v the_o death_n of_o two_o french_a marshal_n within_o these_o forty_o year_n who_o admire_v why_o the_o mine_n do_v not_o spring_n after_o they_o have_v order_v the_o train_n to_o be_v fire_v 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he_o spend_v too_o much_o of_o his_o time_n provoke_v he_o to_o wrath_n and_o revenge_n to_o make_v example_n of_o they_o to_o other_o he_o shall_v order_v no_o hurt_n to_o be_v do_v to_o woman_n old_a man_n and_o child_n and_o in_o one_o word_n to_o kill_v none_o but_o those_o who_o be_v find_v in_o arm_n but_o a_o promiscuous_a put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n spare_v neither_o sex_n nor_o agâ—_n be_v too_o often_o practise_v for_o the_o pillage_n the_o ancient_n use_v after_o the_o expugnation_n of_o town_n to_o bring_v it_o all_o to_o the_o treasurer_n lodging_n who_o sell_v it_o and_o distribute_v the_o money_n as_o he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o general_n sometime_o all_o of_o it_o to_o the_o army_n sometime_o a_o part_n of_o it_o and_o sometime_o none_o of_o it_o the_o like_a have_v be_v often_o practise_v in_o the_o modern_a war_n but_o the_o custom_n be_v almost_o wear_v out_o the_o plunder_n belong_v to_o those_o who_o can_v take_v it_o which_o be_v capiat_fw-la qui_fw-la capere_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o this_o be_v true_o a_o very_a unequal_a partition_n for_o those_o who_o stay_v in_o arm_n upon_o the_o wall_n or_o perhaps_o in_o the_o marketplace_n to_o make_v they_o good_a against_o any_o opposition_n may_v arise_v from_o hide_a reserve_v of_o the_o enemy_n share_v not_o so_o well_o as_o those_o who_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o plunder_n plunder_n enter_v run_v present_o to_o the_o plunder_n some_o prince_n and_o general_n give_v the_o pillage_n of_o town_n take_v by_o storm_n to_o their_o army_n for_o so_o many_o hour_n sometime_o for_o a_o day_n for_o two_o day_n or_o three_o day_n it_o be_v common_o think_v the_o prisoner_n and_o their_o ransom_n belong_v to_o those_o who_o take_v they_o and_o so_o it_o be_v common_o practise_v unless_o they_o be_v great_a officer_n and_o those_o shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o general_n yet_o that_o general_n shall_v be_v so_o generous_a as_o to_o bestow_v some_o handsome_a present_a or_o gift_n on_o those_o who_o take_v they_o which_o some_o do_v but_o many_o do_v not_o the_o ordnance_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o it_o all_o public_a magazine_n of_o provision_n munition_n and_o arm_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o manage_v the_o war._n but_o if_o all_o assault_n be_v beat_v off_o and_o all_o the_o besieger_n have_v do_v have_v prove_v successless_a or_o that_o the_o besiege_v army_n be_v waste_v as_o no_o doubt_n it_o will_v diminish_v retire_v beason_n to_o leave_v a_o siege_n and_o retire_v every_o day_n or_o that_o a_o numerous_a and_o fresh_a succourse_n be_v expect_v or_o other_o unhappy_a accident_n fall_v out_o then_o a_o wise_a general_n will_v raise_v his_o siege_n in_o time_n and_o rather_o march_v away_o than_o be_v chase_v away_o and_o he_o shall_v go_v where_o he_o may_v refresh_v and_o recruit_v and_o be_v wise_a by_o the_o example_n of_o those_o otherwise_o renown_a prince_n and_o general_n who_o have_v obstinate_o continue_v sieges_n to_o their_o 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beast_n yet_o thereafter_o they_o find_v mean_n to_o wound_v they_o or_o by_o make_v lane_n and_o street_n for_o they_o to_o render_v their_o fury_n so_o useless_a that_o they_o get_v but_o little_a hurt_n by_o they_o but_o for_o all_o this_o i_o can_v have_v faith_n enough_o to_o believe_v what_o livy_n report_v that_o a_o arm_a soldier_n enter_v into_o combat_n with_o a_o elephant_n and_o that_o the_o beast_n grapple_v he_o with_o his_o trunk_n about_o the_o middle_n and_o cast_v he_o up_o in_o the_o air_n but_o that_o the_o soldier_n fall_v with_o little_a or_o no_o hurt_n wound_v the_o beast_n with_o his_o sword_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o such_o a_o hug_n as_o that_o may_v have_v crush_v both_o the_o soldier_n corsset_n and_o his_o bone_n till_o the_o marrow_n come_v out_o for_o in_o his_o trunk_n which_o the_o latin_n call_v proboscis_n there_o be_v such_o strength_n that_o therewith_o as_o some_o write_v he_o be_v able_a to_o fell_a tree_n or_o i_o think_v the_o 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to_o be_v make_v with_o strong_a and_o broad_a axletree_n to_o both_o side_n of_o which_o be_v fasten_v brass_n or_o iron_n scythes_n next_o he_o put_v arm_v man_n within_o the_o chariot_n who_o in_o the_o charge_n discharge_v lusty_o their_o missile_a weapon_n wherewith_o he_o take_v care_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v well_o store_v and_o with_o these_o he_o do_v not_o only_o sometime_o skirmish_n but_o for_o most_o part_n charge_v furious_o the_o enemy_n strong_a and_o close_a body_n and_o batallion_n the_o egyptian_n arm_n for_o the_o offensive_a be_v great_a and_o massy_a spear_n say_v arms._n egyptian_a arms._n xenophon_n but_o how_o long_o they_o be_v he_o do_v not_o tell_v and_o for_o the_o defensive_a they_o have_v shield_n of_o brass_n of_o such_o a_o largeness_n that_o therewith_o they_o cover_v both_o their_o body_n and_o their_o leg_n they_o marshal_v their_o man_n one_o hundred_o in_o file_n and_o when_o this_o be_v tell_v to_o cyrus_n he_o make_v himself_o merry_a with_o it_o and_o say_v he_o wish_v all_o his_o enemy_n will_v draw_v up_o a_o thousand_o deep_a for_o so_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o surround_v their_o flank_n soon_o attack_v and_o consequent_o say_v he_o i_o shall_v have_v the_o cheap_a market_n of_o they_o by_o what_o that_o same_o author_n say_v it_o will_v seem_v the_o egyptian_n draw_v up_o constant_o a_o hundred_o deep_a for_o when_o croesus_n desire_v they_o to_o change_v they_o answer_v they_o order_n their_o order_n will_v not_o alter_v their_o country_n fashion_n yet_o i_o conjecture_v the_o egyptian_a custom_n have_v be_v to_o marshal_v their_o batallion_n by_o the_o squaâ—â—_n root_n for_o here_o i_o find_v their_o body_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n and_o they_o perhaps_o be_v desirous_a to_o make_v a_o square_a of_o man_n which_o be_v to_o have_v as_o many_o in_o file_n as_o rank_n have_v embattel_v they_o a_o hundred_o in_o each_o for_o a_o hundred_o time_n a_o hundred_o produce_v ten_o thousand_o of_o the_o square_a root_n i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o persian_n that_o serve_v on_o foot_n in_o cyrus_n time_n carry_v for_o the_o defensive_a persian_n arm_n of_o the_o ancient_a persian_n a_o head-piece_n corslet_n and_o a_o little_a target_n and_o for_o the_o offensive_a a_o sword_n and_o a_o curtle-axe_n beside_o their_o dart_n and_o stone_n his_o cuirassier_n and_o light-horse_n be_v arm_v as_o the_o grecian_n be_v whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n in_o his_o time_n the_o sacan_o and_o cardusians_n a_o people_n dwell_v near_o persia_n be_v excellent_a bowman_n on_o horseback_n who_o offspring_n in_o all_o probability_n be_v those_o parthian_n who_o by_o their_o valour_n and_o skill_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n rout_z the_o army_n of_o the_o roman_a consul_n crassus_n and_o kill_v himself_o and_o put_v mark_n anthony_n to_o so_o shameful_a a_o retreat_n and_o so_o near_o a_o danger_n of_o evident_a ruin_n that_o often_o than_o once_o he_o offer_v to_o rid_v himself_o of_o that_o impend_a disgrace_n by_o self-murder_n as_o plutarch_n in_o his_o life_n relate_v cyrus_n who_o be_v the_o first_o persian_a monarch_n do_v not_o adhere_v to_o one_o constant_a number_n of_o rank_n for_o sometime_o he_o draw_v up_o his_o batallion_n ten_o in_o file_n and_o it_o be_v like_a he_o observe_v order_n their_o order_n that_o most_o for_o he_o have_v myriarch_n who_o have_v the_o command_n of_o ten_o thousand_o chiliarch_n who_o be_v colonel_n of_o thousand_o and_o centeniers_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o hundred_o all_o which_o may_v infer_v ten_o deep_a yet_o in_o xenophons_n second_o book_n we_o find_v cyrus_n his_o persian_n to_o be_v twelve_o in_o file_n and_o his_o batallion_n when_o he_o fight_v with_o croesus_n be_v four_o and_o twenty_o deep_a and_o indeed_o that_o be_v deep_a enough_o perhaps_o in_o the_o marshal_n his_o several_a body_n he_o have_v sometime_o make_v use_n of_o the_o square_a root_n but_o the_o king_n of_o lydia_n in_o that_o lydian_n lydian_n same_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v with_o cyrus_n make_v both_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n thirty_o deep_a except_o the_o egyptian_n i_o speak_v of_o who_o be_v a_o hundred_o in_o file_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o former_o what_o more_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o any_o point_n of_o war_n use_v by_o any_o other_o ancient_a nation_n either_o before_o or_o in_o the_o time_n of_o either_o the_o grecian_a or_o the_o roman_a greatness_n shall_v be_v interweave_v in_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o militia_n of_o these_o two_o famous_a nation_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o election_n levy_n and_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a of_o the_o grecian_n since_o we_o have_v find_v out_o but_o little_a of_o the_o true_a militia_n of_o other_o ancient_a nation_n let_v we_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n which_o have_v be_v in_o many_o age_n and_o still_o be_v so_o much_o speak_v of_o and_o herein_o we_o must_v borrow_v all_o our_o help_n from_o aelian_a who_o you_o will_v find_v have_v give_v it_o we_o very_o spare_o for_o though_o we_o have_v the_o work_n of_o homer_n and_o that_o he_o be_v account_v the_o first_o heathen_a author_n who_o write_v any_o thing_n of_o form_a battle_n yet_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v much_o light_n from_o so_o blind_a a_o lantern_n polybius_n though_o a_o grecian_a and_o a_o captain_n contribute_v nothing_o to_o our_o assistance_n but_o what_o we_o be_v glad_a to_o glean_v from_o the_o scatter_a drop_n of_o his_o pen._n the_o rest_n of_o the_o grecian_a tactic_n name_v lose_v grecian_a tactic_n lose_v by_o aelian_a in_o his_o treatise_n be_v lose_v except_o some_o piece_n of_o aeneas_n translate_v into_o latin_a seventy_o year_n ago_o by_o casaubon_n which_o sir_n thomas_n kellie_n thought_n be_v likewise_o perish_v but_o true_o we_o need_v not_o much_o regret_n that_o loss_n if_o that_o matter_n and_o no_o matter_n which_o aelian_a who_o peruse_v they_o all_o tell_v we_o be_v true_a that_o they_o write_v not_o as_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o instruct_v those_o who_o be_v ignorant_a and_o desirous_a to_o learn_v but_o as_o to_o those_o who_o be_v already_o proficient_n who_o understand_v the_o word_n and_o term_n of_o art_n and_o who_o know_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o grecian_a war_n as_o well_o as_o the_o author_n themselves_o all_o army_n and_o force_n be_v raise_v by_o a_o levy_n call_v ordinary_o in_o ancient_a time_n and_o still_o very_o proper_o a_o election_n and_o true_o i_o be_o sorry_a i_o shall_v so_o omission_n aelian_o omission_n soon_o have_v occasion_n to_o expostulate_v with_o aelian_a who_o have_v forget_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o of_o which_o he_o shall_v have_v give_v we_o a_o particular_a information_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n too_o that_o be_v how_o the_o levy_n of_o
the_o grecian_a soldier_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n be_v make_v at_o what_o age_n they_o be_v enroll_v in_o the_o militia_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v of_o these_o particular_n i_o shall_v tell_v my_o reader_n that_o lipsius_n out_o of_o demostheme_n say_v that_o none_o be_v elect_v till_o they_o be_v eighteen_o year_n old_a this_o be_v a_o year_n late_a than_o the_o roman_n choose_v they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v till_o the_o five_o and_o forty_o year_n of_o their_o age_n but_o ulpian_n say_v that_o the_o athenian_n do_v indeed_o elect_a and_o enrol_v their_o soldier_n levy_n grecian_a levy_n when_o they_o be_v eighteen_o year_n old_a but_o make_v they_o only_o do_v military_a duty_n within_o their_o own_o territory_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o matter_n to_o train_v they_o till_o they_o be_v twenty_o after_o that_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v in_o foreign_a expedition_n till_o they_o be_v forty_o and_o then_o they_o be_v dismiss_v i_o think_v it_o strange_a they_o will_v dismiss_v man_n in_o the_o very_a strength_n of_o their_o age_n i_o shall_v rather_o think_v they_o then_o only_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o soldier_n choice_n to_o serve_v long_o or_o not_o as_o they_o please_v but_o do_v not_o by_o any_o public_a act_n or_o ordinance_n disable_v or_o incapacitate_v they_o to_o serve_v long_o in_o the_o war._n i_o find_v also_o in_o author_n that_o the_o greek_n have_v a_o especial_a care_n as_o all_o nation_n shall_v to_o choose_v person_n who_o as_o member_n apt_a for_o several_a function_n be_v fit_a to_o compose_v the_o great_a body_n of_o their_o phalanx_n for_o many_o can_v serve_v on_o foot_n who_o will_v make_v but_o bad_a horseman_n and_o many_o be_v able_a enough_o to_o carry_v a_o piece_n of_o light_a armour_n and_o offensive_a weapon_n who_o can_v bear_v the_o burden_n of_o head-piece_n corslet_n greeves_n taslet_n and_o target_n and_o this_o be_v short_o all_o i_o can_v say_v of_o the_o 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and_o there_o attend_v the_o consul_n further_a pleasure_n yet_o if_o you_o look_v on_o any_o figure_n of_o a_o legion_n you_o shall_v ordinary_o see_v the_o velite_n draw_v up_o in_o three_o distinct_a body_n behind_o the_o three_o several_a batallion_n of_o the_o legionary_n which_o may_v have_v be_v do_v when_o they_o be_v marshal_v before_o the_o fight_n begin_v but_o for_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v speak_v of_o can_v not_o be_v after_o they_o have_v fight_v and_o retire_v they_o fight_v a_o la_fw-fr disbandad_o fight_v how_o they_o fight_v keep_v no_o rank_n or_o file_n nor_o have_v they_o peculiar_a officer_n as_o the_o grecian_a light_n arm_v foot_n have_v several_a fancy_n nay_o positive_o affirm_v they_o be_v to_o obey_v the_o command_n of_o the_o centurion_n of_o those_o heavy_a arm_a maniple_n behind_o who_o they_o be_v order_v to_o stand_v when_o the_o army_n be_v marshal_v it_o be_v not_o pity_n that_o neither_o polybius_n nor_o vegetius_n will_v clear_v we_o of_o these_o 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the_o roman_a pay_n that_o which_o indeed_o stumble_v i_o most_o be_v that_o the_o ensign-bearer_n be_v not_o reckon_v to_o be_v officer_n and_o i_o conceive_v this_o have_v be_v a_o neglect_n in_o both_o vegetius_n and_o polybius_n that_o they_o have_v not_o give_v we_o right_a information_n of_o that_o matter_n for_o i_o can_v but_o suppose_v the_o roman_n do_v assure_o give_v to_o their_o ensign_n some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a allowance_n for_o carry_v the_o colour_n especial_o since_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o soldier_n pay_v and_o booty_n and_o of_o their_o largess_n and_o donative_n too_o be_v deposit_v in_o the_o ensign_n hand_n or_o at_o the_o colour_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o soldier_n dismission_n of_o which_o hereafter_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n to_o my_o best_a understanding_n caesar_n do_v not_o acknowledge_v any_o foot_n officer_n or_o commander_n in_o a_o legion_n or_o in_o the_o army_n but_z tribunes_z and_o centurion_n hear_v himself_o in_o two_o 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the_o roman_a horse_n by_o vegetius_n horse_n the_o sum_n of_o what_o vegetius_n say_v of_o the_o horse_n all_o he_o say_v on_o that_o subject_a amount_n to_o this_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v as_o a_o band_n of_o foot_n be_v call_v a_o century_n or_o a_o maniple_n so_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n be_v call_v a_o turma_fw-la that_o be_v a_o troop_n that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o troop_n consist_v of_o thirty_o two_o rider_n whereof_o the_o commander_n be_v call_v a_o decurion_n and_o he_o describe_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o person_n not_o only_o well_o arm_v and_o horse_v and_o active_a and_o expert_a in_o all_o feat_n of_o horsemanship_n but_o able_a to_o teach_v his_o trooper_n to_o be_v so_o likewise_o and_o to_o keep_v their_o arm_n bright_a and_o clean_o and_o their_o horse_n in_o good_a case_n in_o the_o twenty_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o cataphract_v horseman_n or_o cuirassier_n arm_v at_o all_o piece_n be_v free_a from_o wound_n how_o can_v this_o be_v when_o their_o face_n be_v not_o cover_v but_o be_v not_o able_a say_v he_o to_z do_v great_a matter_n because_o of_o the_o heaviness_n of_o their_o armour_n yet_o good_a at_o close_a fight_n either_o before_o the_o foot_n or_o mix_v with_o they_o to_o beat_v a_o batallion_n of_o a_o enemy_n this_o be_v all_o so_o we_o remain_v ignorant_a till_o he_o come_v to_o marshal_v his_o legion_n of_o vegetius_n omission_n of_o vegetius_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o even_o then_o for_o he_o we_o know_v not_o how_o the_o horseman_n be_v levy_v oâ—_n elect_v how_o they_o be_v pay_v how_o they_o watch_v or_o what_o other_o duty_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v how_o deep_o they_o be_v marshal_v when_o and_o where_o they_o march_v or_o fight_v what_o distance_n be_v between_o their_o rank_n and_o file_n and_o what_o interval_n between_o their_o turme_n or_o
the_o velite_n of_o the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n since_o they_o be_v all_o light_n arm_v and_o if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o slinger_n can_v cast_v their_o stone_n over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o two_o batallion_n of_o heavy_a arm_v i_o answer_v first_o their_o stone_n will_v do_v less_o hurt_v at_o that_o distance_n second_o the_o archer_n in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n can_v have_v do_v as_o much_o three_o the_o keep_v their_o station_n and_o place_n in_o the_o five_o batallion_n hinder_v the_o triarii_n to_o advance_v now_o if_o these_o of_o vegetius_n his_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n be_v oblige_v to_o go_v to_o the_o van_n and_o fight_v or_o skirmish_v there_o why_o do_v he_o not_o appoint_v the_o light_n arm_v of_o his_o five_o batallion_n to_o do_v so_o too_o since_o they_o be_v all_o liable_a to_o one_o duty_n but_o i_o hinder_v he_o to_o marshal_v his_o six_o batallion_n the_o six_o order_n or_o body_n say_v he_o consist_v of_o and_o now_o welcome_a triarii_n warrior_n furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o triarii_fw-la triarii_fw-la arm_n and_o weapon_n who_o the_o ancient_n call_v triarii_n these_o say_v he_o use_v to_o sit_v than_o they_o kneel_v not_o behind_o all_o the_o other_o batallion_n that_o be_v whole_a and_o sound_a and_o in_o breath_n they_o may_v with_o more_o vigour_n attack_z the_o enemy_n for_o if_o any_o thing_n fall_v out_o otherwise_o than_o well_o with_o the_o batallion_n that_o stand_v before_o they_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n depend_v on_o they_o now_o if_o our_o author_n have_v speak_v well_o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n i_o be_o sure_a he_o have_v speak_v enough_o of_o it_o he_o have_v be_v at_o much_o pain_n to_o make_v up_o that_o legion_n but_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o see_v the_o defect_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n to_o take_v it_o down_o in_o piece_n in_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n xii_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n review_v and_o examine_v whoever_o have_v read_v or_o shall_v be_v please_v to_o read_v vegetius_n his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la will_v believe_v with_o i_o that_o he_o intend_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o write_v the_o military_a constitution_n and_o custom_n of_o levy_n arm_n exercise_v marshal_n embattel_v march_v or_o other_o law_n and_o point_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n use_v in_o his_o own_o day_n but_o in_o the_o contrary_a the_o roman_a way_n and_o method_n of_o war_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n and_o this_o he_o profess_v all_o along_o not_o only_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o master_n the_o emperor_n valentinian_n but_o almost_o in_o every_o book_n of_o his_o treatise_n in_o the_o prologue_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v the_o emperor_n have_v command_v he_o to_o set_v down_o the_o antiqua_fw-la the_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o prologue_n to_o militia_n vegetius_n oblige_v himself_o to_o write_v of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n his_o three_o book_n he_o aver_v that_o the_o 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polybius_n who_o lipsius_n follow_v consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n and_o these_o be_v ten_o deep_a constitute_v twelve_o file_n these_o have_v eleven_o interval_n every_o one_o of_o which_o being_n three_o foot_n make_v thirty_o three_o foot_n add_v twelve_o to_o that_o for_o the_o twelve_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o the_o aggregate_v maniples_n true_a interval_n between_o maniples_n be_v forty_o five_o foot_n and_o if_o you_o allow_v but_o two_o foot_n for_o every_o interval_n between_o file_n the_o interval_n between_o two_o maniple_n must_v be_v thirty_o four_o foot_n for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a you_o can_v allow_v less_o ground_n for_o a_o interval_n than_o that_o which_o a_o body_n possess_v that_o be_v ordain_v to_o stand_v in_o that_o interval_n hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v obvious_a to_o common_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v of_o forty_o five_o foot_n or_o thirty_o four_o at_o least_o and_o those_o of_o the_o triarii_n of_o ninety_o foot_n or_o sixty_o eight_o at_o least_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o maniple_n of_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o clear_n this_o point_n of_o distance_n i_o have_v be_v perhaps_o too_o prolix_a and_o have_v use_v repetition_n which_o i_o condemn_v in_o other_o but_o be_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v so_o much_o as_o a_o general_a notion_n of_o a_o roman_a army_n how_o it_o be_v marshal_v or_o of_o any_o other_o army_n unless_o you_o know_v the_o interval_n i_o have_v not_o think_v it_o amiss_o to_o spend_v a_o little_a paper_n on_o that_o subject_a and_o indeed_o we_o be_v leave_v as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v so_o in_o this_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o have_v i_o be_v so_o severe_a to_o the_o learned_a lipsius_n for_o his_o extravagant_a conjecture_n of_o roman_a interval_n but_o i_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o accept_v and_o desire_v other_o to_o do_v so_o too_o of_o his_o own_o excuse_n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n hâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o as_o â—â—_o rerâ—â—â—â—_n veterâ—â—â—_n quas_fw-la excuse_v lipsius_n excuse_v revera_fw-la per_fw-la leves_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o fallacia_fw-la vestigia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ah_o say_v he_o my_o darkness_n or_o that_o of_o ancient_a thing_n which_o indeed_o we_o must_v hunt_v after_o with_o uncertain_a conjecture_n and_o through_o fallacious_a footstep_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o you_o may_v read_v very_o frequent_o in_o roman_a story_n of_o socii_fw-la ally_n and_o confederate_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o covenant_n and_o stipulation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o a_o assistance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o consul_n require_v till_o a_o little_a before_o julius_n caesar_n time_n after_o that_o you_o shall_v read_v no_o more_o of_o they_o for_o than_o they_o be_v all_o make_v citizen_n of_o rome_n and_o reckon_v to_o be_v of_o one_o incorporation_n the_o difference_n between_o ally_n and_o auxiliary_n be_v the_o first_o can_v only_a be_v italian_n the_o second_o be_v of_o any_o other_o nation_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o we_o read_v of_o no_o ally_n that_o join_v with_o lucullâ—â—_n sylla_n pompâ—y_n caesar_n anthony_n vespasian_n and_o his_o son_n titus_n yet_o we_o find_v their_o army_n mighty_o strengthen_v by_o auxiliary_n but_o indeed_o the_o roman_n do_v but_o fool_n some_o of_o the_o italian_a town_n and_o republic_n with_o the_o goodly_a show_n of_o alliance_n and_o the_o honourable_a title_n of_o socii_fw-la whereas_o true_o they_o use_v they_o no_o better_a than_o vassal_n oblige_v use_v roman_n ally_n ill_o use_v they_o to_o follow_v they_o in_o the_o pursuance_n of_o their_o ambitious_a design_n with_o as_o many_o force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n as_o the_o senate_n please_v to_o impose_v on_o they_o and_o to_o serve_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n except_o a_o little_a proviant_a which_o with_o the_o help_n of_o these_o same_o ally_n they_o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n hence_o come_v these_o many_o grievance_n of_o the_o confederated_a town_n mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n and_o once_o a_o total_a rapture_n of_o the_o latin_n from_o they_o till_o after_o much_o bloodshed_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n till_o the_o roman_n have_v overmastered_n hannibal_n philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o the_o great_a king_n of_o syria_n antiochus_n we_o shall_v seldom_o read_v of_o any_o of_o their_o army_n that_o be_v not_o pvissant_o assist_v by_o their_o ally_n the_o number_n either_o as_o to_o foot_n or_o horse_n ally_n number_n of_o the_o ally_n of_o which_o that_o assistance_n consist_v may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o several_a time_n of_o their_o conjunction_n but_o that_o they_o be_v determinate_o and_o constant_o stint_v to_o such_o a_o number_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o ancient_a story_n yet_o i_o find_v vegetius_n very_o positive_a in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o offer_v to_o assure_v vegetius_n mistake_v by_o vegetius_n his_o reader_n that_o neither_o ally_n nor_o auxiliary_n be_v ever_o in_o one_o army_n strong_a than_o the_o roman_n take_v his_o own_o word_n illa_fw-la tamen_fw-la ratio_fw-la servata_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la unquam_fw-la ampliâ—r_fw-la multitudo_fw-la sociorum_fw-la auxiliaxiumve_fw-la â—sset_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la quam_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la that_o care_n say_v he_o be_v take_v that_o no_o great_a number_n of_o ally_n or_o auxiliary_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o camp_n than_o of_o roman_a citizen_n and_o machiavelli_n in_o the_o three_o machiavelli_n mistake_v by_o machiavelli_n book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n say_v that_o every_o consular_a army_n consist_v of_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v eleven_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n which_o make_v also_o eleven_o thousand_o foot_n i_o shall_v first_o speak_v a_o word_n to_o both_o of_o they_o together_o and_o then_o several_o to_o each_o of_o they_o both_o of_o they_o have_v read_v livy_n and_o till_o they_o have_v produce_v a_o more_o authentic_a historian_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v give_v he_o the_o lie_n so_o broad_o this_o author_n in_o his_o twenty_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o hannibal_n come_v to_o italy_n cor._n scipio_n and_o sempronius_n levy_v six_o legion_n of_o roman_n each_o of_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o cast_v up_o the_o total_a of_o they_o to_o be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o ally_n say_v he_o forty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n this_o want_v but_o four_o thousand_o of_o the_o double_a number_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o four_o hundred_o more_o than_o double_a the_o number_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n in_o his_o thirty_o five_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o antiochus_n the_o consul_n quintius_n raise_v two_o legion_n each_o of_o five_o thousand_o foot_n in_o all_o ten_o thousand_o and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o the_o ally_n say_v he_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v double_a the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o the_o horse_n exceed_v livius_n prove_v out_o of_o livius_n the_o roman_a by_o two_o hundred_o in_o the_o istrian_a war_n a_o little_a before_o that_o of_o macedon_n livy_n in_o his_o forty_o first_o book_n say_v ten_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v and_o of_o the_o ally_n twelve_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o
officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v between_o their_o confederated_a friend_n and_o their_o vassal_n which_o i_o hint_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o point_n the_o consul_n have_v more_o power_n over_o the_o ally_n than_o over_o the_o roman_n themselves_o for_o the_o roman_a people_n for_o most_o part_n choose_v the_o roman_a tribune_n and_o not_o the_o consul_n chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o some_o mistake_v concern_v it_o i_o know_v not_o from_o whence_o this_o denomination_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n be_v come_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o polybius_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v that_o ordinary_o every_o year_n four_o legion_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o state_n service_n two_o for_o every_o consul_n and_o this_o livy_n do_v witness_v to_o have_v be_v do_v often_o but_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v assert_v that_o a_o consul_n never_o have_v more_o or_o few_o legion_n in_o his_o army_n than_o two_o polybius_n mean_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n consist_v for_o most_o part_n of_o two_o roman_a legion_n six_o hundred_o horse_n with_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n and_o twelve_o hundred_o horse_n but_o he_o never_o say_v that_o it_o be_v constant_o so_o for_o than_o he_o have_v contradict_v his_o own_o history_n in_o many_o place_n but_o i_o rather_o conceive_v author_n call_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n which_o have_v in_o it_o the_o above_o specify_v number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o authority_n and_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o vegetius_n who_o describe_v both_o a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n i_o shall_v army_n vegetius_n describe_v a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n faithful_o english_a his_o word_n thus_o the_o ancient_n say_v he_o have_v by_o exrerience_n learned_a to_o obviate_v difficulty_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v skilful_a than_o numerous_a army_n â—_o therefore_o they_o think_v in_o war_n of_o lesser_a moment_n one_o legion_n with_o the_o auxiliary_n that_o be_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n may_v suffice_v which_o the_o praetor_n as_o lesser_a chieftan_n often_o lead_v in_o expedition_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v report_v to_o be_v strong_a than_o a_o consular_a power_n with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n be_v send_v with_o a_o great_a captain_n but_o if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o the_o fierce_a nation_n do_v rebel_v than_o too_o great_a necessity_n force_v they_o two_o chieftan_n with_o two_o army_n be_v send_v with_o this_o command_n that_o either_o the_o one_o consul_n or_o both_o shall_v look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v receive_v no_o damage_n in_o fine_a say_v he_o since_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v to_o make_v war_n almost_o himself_o and_o contradict_v himself_o every_o year_n in_o several_a country_n against_o divers_a enemy_n they_o think_v these_o force_n may_v suffice_v because_o they_o judge_v it_o be_v not_o so_o profitable_a to_o entertain_v great_a army_n as_o those_o that_o be_v well_o exercise_v and_o train_v in_o arm_n thus_o far_o vegetius_n let_v we_o take_v his_o discourse_n in_o piece_n and_o examine_v it_o according_a to_o his_o own_o writing_n and_o no_o man_n else_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o aver_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o army_n first_o in_o the_o praetorian_a army_n few_o in_o a_o legion_n than_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n in_o this_o place_n he_o say_v a_o praetorian_a army_n wherein_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o another_o of_o ally_n shall_v have_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n the_o foot_n two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o few_o than_o in_o his_o own_o account_n there_o shall_v be_v in_o two_o legion_n and_o the_o horse_n five_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o more_o than_o himself_o allow_v to_o the_o cavalry_n of_o two_o legion_n and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o proportionable_a way_n in_o contradict_v army_n second_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n himself_o he_o say_v against_o a_o strong_a enemy_n a_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n and_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n two_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o ally_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o hear_v he_o speak_v for_o himself_o and_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o legion_n must_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n second_o in_o this_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o make_v four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o ally_n foot_n to_o be_v but_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n shall_v have_v be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o for_o his_o word_n former_o be_v that_o no_o legion_n shall_v be_v under_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o those_o heavy_a arm_v too_o and_o whereas_o by_o his_o own_o appointment_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n every_o legion_n shall_v have_v have_v seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n more_o than_o any_o other_o author_n allow_v in_o this_o chapter_n he_o increase_v their_o number_n to_o one_o thousand_o for_o he_o order_v the_o horse_n of_o four_o legion_n to_o be_v full_a four_o thousand_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o below_o and_o the_o horse_n one_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o above_o his_o own_o allowance_n you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n clash_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v not_o i_o that_o quarrel_n with_o he_o in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o say_v if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o fierce_a nation_n rebel_v rebel_v against_o who_o certain_o he_o mean_v against_o the_o roman_n but_o how_o can_v they_o rebel_v before_o they_o profess_v to_o be_v subject_a assure_o these_o fierce_a nation_n he_o speak_v of_o swear_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o homage_n to_o romulus_n nor_o rome_n when_o inadvertency_n his_o inadvertency_n he_o first_o found_v it_o if_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o dominion_n of_o stranger_n they_o do_v what_o nature_n command_v they_o and_o be_v no_o rebel_n he_o will_v find_v spain_n itself_o after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n never_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n till_o augustus_n time_n you_o see_v what_o word_n his_o inadvertency_n prompt_v he_o to_o utter_v in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o great_a rebellion_n he_o say_v two_o consul_n with_o the_o army_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o command_n to_o look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v no_o damage_n but_o this_o command_n be_v give_v many_o time_n when_o two_o consul_n do_v not_o nor_o need_v not_o bring_v their_o force_n together_o three_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
first_o whereof_o they_o quarrel_v and_o invade_v they_o and_o with_o the_o second_o break_v peace_n without_o either_o regard_n to_o justice_n or_o sense_n of_o honour_n but_o tell_v i_o have_v the_o two_o consul_n at_o cannae_n no_o more_o but_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o roman_n and_o ally_n read_v polybius_n his_o four_o book_n you_o will_v see_v they_o have_v eight_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o ally_n at_o five_o thousand_o foot_n each_o legion_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o these_o extend_v to_o eighty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o seven_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o horse_n reckon_v the_o ally_n cavalry_n double_a that_o of_o the_o roman_n read_v livy_n twenty_o second_o book_n you_o will_v see_v hannibal_n kill_v at_o that_o same_o battle_n forty_o five_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n beside_o ally_n and_o the_o same_o historian_n will_v tell_v you_o in_o plain_a language_n that_o the_o roman_a army_n at_o that_o place_n consist_v of_o fourscore_o and_o seven_o thousand_o fight_a man_n and_o before_o hannibal_n enter_v italy_n have_v the_o roman_n no_o strong_a army_n against_o the_o gaul_n than_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o man_n yes_o both_o polybius_n and_o livy_n will_v tell_v you_o of_o far_o great_a number_n read_v in_o other_o history_n whether_o marius_n have_v but_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o roman_n against_o the_o fierce_a nation_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o the_o teutones_n how_o vain_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v then_o for_o a_o author_n of_o vegetius_n his_o reputation_n to_o aver_v that_o against_o the_o mighty_a enemy_n two_o consular_a army_n each_o of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n be_v sufficient_a against_o the_o current_n of_o history_n four_o he_o lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o unquestionable_a truth_n that_o one_o consul_n vegetius_n a_o bold_a assertion_n of_o vegetius_n have_v never_o more_o than_o two_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o of_o the_o ally_n against_o 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ground_n enough_o and_o great_a suspicion_n of_o a_o enemy_n than_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la of_o every_o legion_n be_v send_v before_o they_o which_o they_o follow_v themselves_o after_o they_o come_v the_o baggage_n of_o the_o principas_fw-la and_o then_o themselves_o follow_v in_o the_o three_o place_n by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o triarii_n which_o themselves_o follow_v if_o a_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o van_n the_o baggage_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v immediate_o turn_v to_o a_o side_n and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o have_v be_v be_v possess_v by_o the_o hastati_fw-la themselves_z the_o same_o be_v do_v by_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la and_o we_o may_v suppose_v that_o if_o a_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n of_o the_o triarii_n be_v turn_v aside_o and_o its_o place_n possess_v
we_o can_v tell_v how_o the_o vâ—lites_n march_v leave_v we_o again_o to_o our_o conjecture_n certain_o if_o the_o whole_a six_o book_n of_o polybius_n his_o history_n be_v extant_a and_o if_o some_o parcel_n of_o it_o be_v not_o lose_v as_o i_o shrewd_o suspect_v there_o be_v he_o forget_v himself_o when_o he_o forget_v to_o tell_v we_o where_o and_o how_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v who_o make_v up_o more_o than_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o infantry_n march_v for_o to_o tell_v we_o as_o lipsius_n do_v that_o they_o march_v where_o the_o consul_n appoint_v they_o be_v to_o tell_v we_o just_a nothing_o for_o neither_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n nor_o horse_n march_v where_o they_o please_v but_o where_o the_o general_n order_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o probable_a and_o a_o very_a rational_a conjecture_n that_o the_o velite_n march_v near_a that_o place_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v whether_o that_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n since_o they_o be_v by_o their_o skirmish_n to_o begin_v the_o fight_n but_o i_o fear_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v have_v more_o grope_v before_o we_o find_v the_o quarter_n where_o they_o lodge_v observe_v that_o the_o legion_n of_o both_o the_o roman_n and_o socii_fw-la do_v change_v van_n and_o rear_n daily_o by_o turn_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o the_o roman_a ambulatory_a march_n be_v twenty_o italian_a mile_n in_o four_o hour_n and_o the_o cursory_a twenty_o five_o but_o i_o suppose_v without_o baggage_n and_o with_o it_o twenty_o mile_n be_v vnius_fw-la diei_fw-la justum_fw-la iter_fw-la the_o just_a march_n of_o a_o army_n for_o one_o day_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n after_o a_o long_a and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o hard_a and_o tedious_a march_n it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o village_n quarter_a iâ—_n town_n and_o village_n lodge_v our_o consular_a army_n and_o lodge_v it_o must_v be_v in_o town_n and_o village_n or_o in_o the_o field_n if_o in_o the_o first_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o demand_v from_o their_o host_n but_o bed_n and_o lodging_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v for_o all_o they_o spend_v in_o meat_n drink_n or_o fire_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o legate_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n cause_v they_o to_o furnish_v the_o army_n as_o they_o march_v through_o their_o jurisdiction_n out_o of_o the_o public_a magazine_n which_o be_v discount_v from_o their_o wage_n by_o the_o treasurer_n or_o cause_v the_o country_n people_n to_o bring_v in_o provision_n of_o all_o kind_n as_o to_o open_a market_n where_o they_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o soldier_n for_o ready_a money_n at_o the_o ordinary_a rate_n of_o the_o country_n in_o which_o the_o army_n chance_v to_o be_v the_o contravener_n and_o disobeyer_n of_o order_n be_v severe_o punish_v the_o way_n in_o which_o officer_n and_o soldier_n use_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o house_n to_o avoid_v strife_n between_o they_o and_o their_o host_n be_v this_o the_o whole_a house_n be_v as_o equal_o divide_v as_o may_v be_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n choose_v the_o first_o the_o soldier_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o return_v to_o the_o host_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n have_v two_o three_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o field_n which_o we_o call_v encamp_v encamp_v soldier_n hard_a labour_n in_o encamp_v and_o which_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n the_o common_a soldier_n have_v a_o hard_a labour_n than_o in_o their_o day_n march_v in_o regard_n beside_o the_o measure_n the_o ground_n they_o be_v to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n with_o ditch_n rampart_n and_o pallisado_n and_o to_o pitch_v the_o tent_n of_o all_o their_o commander_n and_o cleanse_v their_o quarter_n before_o they_o get_v leave_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o own_o tent_n or_o hut_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o castrametation_n which_o be_v one_o 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camp_n be_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o extent_n that_o neither_o man_n beast_n nor_o baggage_n be_v pinch_v for_o want_v of_o room_n nor_o must_v it_o be_v so_o large_a but_o that_o the_o fortification_n of_o it_o in_o all_o its_o circumference_n may_v be_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o man_n that_o be_v within_o it_o this_o be_v all_o he_o say_v of_o castrametation_n as_o to_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n he_o tell_v we_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o the_o twenty_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n and_o it_o be_v short_o this_o that_o there_o be_v three_o several_a sort_n or_o way_n of_o fortify_v a_o camp_n first_o if_o there_o be_v but_o little_a danger_n the_o rampart_n shall_v be_v make_v but_o three_o foot_n high_a suppose_v above_o the_o line_n and_o this_o rampart_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o turf_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ditch_n shall_v be_v and_o the_o 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stake_n and_o palisado_n s_o which_o the_o soldier_n be_v obligeâ—_n to_o carry_v about_o with_o they_o so_o that_o reckon_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampart_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ditch_n it_o be_v thirteen_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o ditch_n itself_o twelve_o foot_n broad_a i_o will_v he_o have_v say_v either_o eleven_o or_o thirteen_o for_o than_o he_o have_v not_o contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o before_o that_o in_o fortification_n the_o roman_n be_v accustom_a to_o observe_v a_o odd_a number_n the_o turf_n whereof_o the_o rampart_n be_v make_v use_v to_o be_v half_o a_o foot_n deep_a one_o foot_n broad_a and_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o thus_o far_o vegetius_n concern_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o roman_a
give_v condition_n and_o article_n which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o twenty_o six_o chapter_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war._n i_o know_v not_o whether_o amilcar_n hannibal_n father_n deal_v candid_o when_o he_o treat_v and_o capitulate_v with_o spendius_n and_o antaritus_n the_o ringleader_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a tax_v amilcar_n tax_v revolt_a mercenary_n and_o make_v it_o a_o article_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o carthage_n to_o choose_v any_o ten_o of_o the_o rebel_n they_o please_v and_o to_o dispose_v of_o they_o as_o they_o think_v good_a and_o when_o this_o be_v agree_v to_o he_o immediate_o seize_v on_o they_o two_o as_o two_o of_o these_o ten_o sure_o if_o they_o have_v think_v they_o have_v be_v in_o that_o danger_n they_o have_v never_o sign_v a_o paper_n tend_v so_o direct_o to_o their_o own_o destruction_n and_o therefore_o that_o article_n be_v sign_v against_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o capitulator_n and_o so_o 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same_o caesar_n give_v a_o caveat_n to_o all_o commander_n in_o chief_a either_o of_o army_n or_o part_n of_o army_n or_o of_o city_n or_o castle_n not_o to_o parley_v in_o person_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o sad_a story_n how_o he_o lose_v one_o full_a legion_n and_o five_o cohort_n of_o another_o by_o the_o simple_a folly_n of_o his_o legate_n sabinus_n first_o in_o believe_v the_o intelligence_n of_o ambiorix_n a_o profess_a enemy_n and_o next_o in_o go_v in_o person_n with_o his_o it_o his_o great_a loss_n by_o it_o principal_a officer_n to_o treat_v and_o parley_v with_o the_o same_o ambiorix_n upon_o the_o bare_a word_n or_o parol_n of_o a_o faithless_a barbarian_a by_o who_o he_o and_o his_o officer_n be_v immediate_o kill_v and_o then_o their_o force_n present_o after_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n and_o take_v take_v here_o a_o perfidious_a trick_n of_o a_o roman_a at_o a_o parley_n comius_n a_o gallic_a prince_n have_v not_o be_v very_o faithful_a to_o rome_n caesar_n legate_n labienus_n appoint_v one_o volusenus_n to_o parley_n with_o comius_n the_o gaul_n have_v get_v the_o accustom_a assurance_n come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o volusenus_n by_o order_n from_o labienus_n as_o out_o of_o friendship_n take_v he_o by_o the_o hand_n but_o hold_v it_o fast_o till_o one_o of_o his_o centurion_n give_v he_o a_o deep_a legat._n perfidy_n of_o a_o roman_a legat._n wound_n on_o the_o head_n but_o it_o not_o prove_v mortal_a comius_n escape_v and_o swear_v thereafter_o never_o to_o trust_v a_o roman_a if_o caesar_n have_v either_o cut_v off_o his_o legate_n head_n or_o according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n use_v in_o such_o case_n deliver_v he_o over_o to_o the_o incense_a gaul_n for_o this_o treacherous_a act_n than_o the_o same_o labienus_n have_v not_o afterward_o perfidious_o desert_v himself_o and_o run_v over_o to_o pompey_n sempronius_n gracchus_n be_v betray_v by_o his_o host_n leave_v his_o command_n and_o be_v proconsul_n go_v in_o person_n to_o parley_v with_o some_o carthaginian_n from_o the_o result_n whereof_o he_o expect_v syphax_n gracchus_n kill_v at_o a_o parley_n scipio_n the_o african_a question_v for_o his_o parley_n with_o syphax_n great_a matter_n but_o he_o never_o return_v for_o he_o be_v environ_v and_o kill_v with_o all_o his_o retinue_n scipio_n the_o african_a though_o a_o accomplish_a captain_n no_o doubt_n forget_v his_o duty_n when_o he_o leave_v his_o charge_n in_o spain_n and_o go_v to_o africa_n to_o treat_v with_o syphax_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o army_n and_o at_o that_o time_n accompany_v by_o asdrubal_n a_o profess_a enemy_n to_o the_o roman_a name_n and_o nation_n have_v no_o assurance_n for_o his_o safety_n but_o the_o word_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o scipio_n himself_o account_v barbarous_a and_o though_o he_o escape_v that_o hazard_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o escape_v the_o severe_a reproof_n of_o great_a fabius_n who_o to_o his_o face_n and_o in_o full_a senate_n charge_v he_o with_o this_o inexcusable_a oversight_n in_o very_o rough_a and_o bitter_a language_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o livy_n thirty_o book_n nor_o do_v i_o look_v on_o the_o personal_a parley_n between_o the_o same_o scipio_n and_o the_o famous_a hannibal_n before_o their_o last_o battle_n at_o zama_n but_o as_o a_o extravagant_a action_n of_o two_o such_o renown_a chieftain_n the_o enterview_n of_o king_n and_o sovereign_a prince_n have_v seldom_o prove_v fortunate_a or_o gain_v those_o advantage_n to_o either_o party_n that_o be_v expect_v but_o this_o discourse_n belong_v to_o another_o chapter_n to_o conclude_v the_o apprehension_n of_o bad_a quarter_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o breach_n of_o promise_n and_o article_n and_o the_o suspicion_n of_o ill_a usage_n have_v make_v many_o refuse_v quarter_n desperate_a way_n to_o prevent_v bad_a quarter_n all_o quarter_n reject_v all_o treaty_n and_o distrust_v all_o article_n and_o agreement_n and_o by_o a_o
to_o be_v these_o which_o follow_v in_o his_o observation_n of_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n of_o both_o the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o sixteen_o rank_n and_o of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o phalange_n first_o advantage_n of_o the_o phalange_n four_o file_n of_o lusty_a well_o arm_v man_n and_o at_o its_o close_a order_n or_o constipation_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v its_o â—orce_n it_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o it_o for_o at_o that_o posture_n every_o combatant_n take_v up_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ground_n and_o suppose_v their_o pike_n but_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o whereas_o the_o sarissas_n be_v twenty_o one_o of_o length_n you_o may_v easy_o compute_v the_o point_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n or_o if_o you_o will_v of_o the_o six_o rank_n to_o extend_v three_o foot_n before_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v enough_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o gracian_a militia_n now_o though_o all_o the_o rank_n behind_o the_o six_o be_v useless_a as_o to_o the_o present_v their_o pike_n or_o wound_v a_o enemy_n yet_o by_o the_o weight_n and_o strength_n of_o their_o body_n they_o assist_v the_o impression_n of_o the_o first_o six_o rank_n help_v the_o charge_n to_o be_v more_o forcible_a and_o take_v away_o all_o possibility_n from_o those_o that_o be_v before_o they_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n upon_o the_o enemy_n but_o this_o phalange_n must_v have_v such_o a_o disadvantage_n its_o first_o disadvantage_n ground_n that_o it_o may_v open_v and_o close_o at_o pleasure_n and_o that_o ground_n must_v be_v plain_a and_o even_o without_o the_o encumbrance_n of_o wood_n tree_n bush_n hedge_n ditch_n enclosure_n rise_v hill_n and_o hollow_a ground_n for_o any_o of_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o disorder_v it_o in_o its_o part_n and_o that_o be_v once_o do_v a_o enemy_n with_o little_a or_o no_o danger_n may_v enter_v at_o the_o void_a place_n of_o that_o great_a body_n when_o it_o be_v 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disadvantage_n its_o second_o disadvantage_n separate_v or_o divide_v they_o be_v quick_o break_v the_o legionary_n be_v so_o aâ—med_v and_o that_o they_o can_v fight_v any_o way_n either_o in_o a_o great_a or_o small_a body_n or_o man_n to_o man_n at_o any_o time_n or_o in_o any_o place_n let_v the_o encumbrance_n be_v what_o they_o will_n let_v we_o resume_v all_o this_o and_o say_v in_o one_o word_n polybius_n prefer_v the_o legion_n to_o the_o phalange_n because_o the_o essential_a propriety_n of_o the_o phalange_n be_v to_o fight_v close_o together_o and_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v so_o it_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v down_o the_o legion_n but_o sure_o it_o can_v but_o seldom_o keep_v in_o one_o entire_a body_n the_o legion_n by_o its_o order_n and_o constitution_n be_v apt_a to_o fight_v in_o small_a or_o little_a body_n and_o to_o divide_v according_a to_o opportunity_n and_o emergency_n can_v ready_o enter_v at_o the_o void_a place_n of_o the_o phalange_n whether_o these_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n and_o overthrow_v it_o as_o often_o it_o do_v i_o shall_v presume_v to_o add_v two_o other_o advantage_n that_o i_o think_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o phalange_n a_o legion_n three_o advantage_n over_o the_o phalange_n the_o phalange_n which_o polybius_n have_v not_o mention_v the_o first_o the_o phalange_n fight_v all_o in_o one_o body_n the_o legion_n in_o three_o body_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o so_o that_o if_o the_o hasâ—aâ—â—_n charge_v brisk_o they_o may_v put_v the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o some_o disorder_n and_o they_o retire_v the_o principes_fw-la find_v it_o in_o some_o discomposure_n may_v disorder_v it_o so_o that_o the_o triarii_n come_v fresh_a to_o the_o charge_n may_v have_v a_o very_a cheap_a market_n of_o it_o the_o second_o advantage_n which_o i_o conceive_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o the_o phalange_n advantage_n a_o legion_n four_o advantage_n be_v in_o its_o large_a front_n which_o i_o offer_v to_o make_v appear_v thus_o the_o great_a phalange_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o heavy_a arm_v these_o marshal_v sixteen_o deep_a and_o so_o their_o front_n consist_v of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o man_n to_o who_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o foot_n for_o they_o to_o stand_v on_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v they_o have_v no_o more_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a allow_v between_o file_n and_o therefore_o for_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o file_n allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o three_o distance_n and_o for_o these_o fifteen_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a add_v these_o the_o aggregate_v be_v two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o eight_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a thus_o much_o ground_n and_o no_o more_o do_v the_o phalange_n take_v up_o in_o its_o longitude_n when_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o legion_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o body_n who_o be_v 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every_o one_o what_o the_o eternal_a have_v ordain_v for_o they_o nor_o do_v polybius_n know_v what_o be_v reveal_v to_o nabuchadnezzar_n in_o that_o dream_n which_o daniel_n interpret_v to_o he_o that_o the_o persian_n 2._o daniel_n ch._n 2._o shall_v subdue_v the_o assyrian_n the_o grecian_n shall_v ruin_v the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n shall_v put_v a_o period_n to_o the_o macedonian_a monarchy_n there_o be_v no_o stop_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o current_n of_o the_o victory_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o the_o almighty_a have_v preordain_v to_o become_v master_n of_o the_o world_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o all-ruling_a providence_n be_v not_o unknown_a to_o the_o wise_a heathen_n though_o they_o be_v in_o a_o mist_n do_v not_o see_v with_o so_o clear_a eye_n as_o we_o who_o be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o bright_a ray_n of_o god_n own_o word_n and_o for_o all_o that_o i_o think_v few_o divine_n can_v express_v in_o few_o word_n the_o omnipotency_n and_o unbounded_a power_n 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massacre_v and_o their_o enemy_n almost_o adore_v for_o their_o success_n in_o a_o bad_a cause_n and_o he_o may_v have_v either_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o pompey_n head_n ignominious_o strike_v off_o and_o caesar_n crown_v pompey_n caesar_n and_o pompey_n with_o laurel_n and_o if_o polybius_n have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o the_o prodigious_a success_n gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o great_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v in_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1630._o when_o he_o invade_v the_o roman_a empire_n and_o how_o he_o take_v city_n fort_n and_o castle_n more_o second_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o for_o their_o number_n and_o more_o considerable_a for_o their_o strength_n beauty_n and_o riches_n in_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n and_o make_v a_o great_a progress_n in_o his_o conquest_n in_o less_o than_o two_o year_n time_n than_o hannibal_n do_v in_o italy_n the_o whole_a eighteen_o year_n he_o stay_v in_o it_o if_o i_o say_v he_o have_v see_v this_o he_o have_v never_o 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this_o german_a war_n he_o have_v see_v the_o emperor_n army_n have_v the_o odds_o by_o much_o neither_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o war_n or_o ratio_fw-la belli_n so_o considerable_a as_o to_o cast_v the_o scale_n so_o far_o as_o that_o martial_a king_n do_v in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n nor_o be_v hannibal_n descent_n into_o italy_n with_o few_o more_o than_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n more_o hazardous_a than_o the_o king_n land_v in_o germany_n with_o eight_o or_o ten_o thousand_o at_o most_o be_v just_o think_v to_o be_v what_o be_v it_o then_o will_v polybius_n have_v say_v that_o carry_v victory_n who_o wing_n ferdinand_n general_n and_o army_n think_v they_o have_v clip_v over_o to_o the_o sweed_n what_o else_o but_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a who_o when_o that_o emperor_n be_v very_o fair_a to_o have_v reduce_v germany_n to_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n say_v to_o he_o and_o the_o whole_a house_n of_o austria_n non_fw-la plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la go_v no_o further_o titus_n livius_n have_v read_v without_o all_o question_n this_o comparison_n of_o polybius_n livius_n another_o comparison_n of_o titus_n livius_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v enough_o and_o it_o may_v be_v have_v take_v from_o it_o a_o hint_n to_o start_v another_o question_n which_o be_v this_o if_o the_o great_a alexander_n after_o his_o return_n from_o india_n and_o his_o subdue_a so_o many_o nation_n in_o little_a more_o than_o ten_o year_n time_n have_v make_v a_o step_n over_o to_o italy_n what_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o war_n between_o he_o himself_o void_v by_o himself_o and_o the_o roman_n will_v have_v be_v and_o give_v his_o sentence_n that_o infallible_o his_o country_n man_n will_v have_v beat_v that_o great_a conqueror_n paola_n paruta_n a_o livius_n paruta_n not_o satisfy_v with_o livius_n noble_a venetian_a and_o a_o procurator_n of_o st._n mark_n refute_v livius_n his_o argument_n and_o conclude_v that_o the_o macedonian_a will_v have_v overmastered_a the_o roman_n but_o in_o step_n a_o three_o a_o author_n of_o no_o small_a reputation_n the_o renown_a sir_n walter_n raleigh_n raleigh_n nor_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n who_o will_v give_v the_o prize_n to_o neither_o macedonian_a nor_o roman_a but_o to_o his_o own_o english_a it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o the_o english_a nation_n do_v admirable_a feat_n in_o france_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o stage_n on_o which_o caesar_n act_v his_o most_o martial_a exploit_n under_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o son_n the_o black_a prince_n as_o also_o under_o henry_n the_o five_o while_o he_o live_v and_o after_o his_o death_n under_o his_o valiant_a brother_n but_o paruta_n refute_v livius_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v none_o that_o oppose_v sir_n walter_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a i_o shall_v not_o because_o i_o be_o not_o so_o much_o behold_v to_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n as_o to_o the_o english_a but_o those_o who_o be_v curious_a to_o read_v the_o 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march_v every_o day_n in_o armour_n for_o custom_n be_v another_o nature_n but_o this_o point_n of_o exercise_v be_v general_o neglect_v but_o second_o i_o say_v if_o ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la or_o the_o present_a necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v such_o a_o speedy_a and_o continuate_v march_n than_o such_o a_o army_n as_o ordinary_o we_o call_v a_o fly_a one_o shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o consist_v of_o light_a horse_n dragoon_n and_o musqueteer_n and_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n and_o foot_n shall_v be_v leave_v to_o march_v after_o with_o as_o much_o haste_n as_o convenient_o they_o can_v to_o who_o the_o light_n arm_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n may_v easy_o make_v their_o retreat_n for_o to_o bring_v these_o heavy_a arm_a forward_a as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n do_v and_o then_o permit_v they_o to_o cast_v away_o their_o defensive_a arm_n be_v to_o denude_v yourself_o of_o the_o strength_n of_o your_o force_n and_o army_n our_o modern_a army_n as_o the_o ancient_a one_o consist_v of_o heavy_a and_o light_o arm_v as_o well_o horse_n as_o foot_n in_o the_o cavalry_n the_o cuirassier_n be_v the_o heavy_a arm_v and_o the_o pikeman_n in_o the_o infantry_n the_o strength_n of_o all_o army_n ever_o be_v and_o be_v the_o infantry_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o be_v the_o heavy_a arm_v he_o who_o be_v in_o good_a armour-fights_a with_o courage_n as_o fear_v no_o wound_n and_o frighten_v he_o with_o who_o he_o fight_v that_o be_v not_o so_o well_o arm_v pikeman_n then_o compose_v the_o body_n army_n pike_n man_n the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o it_o of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o the_o man_n of_o arm_n the_o body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n shall_v be_v arm_v so_o that_o they_o may_v appear_v to_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n as_o a_o brazen_a or_o iron_n wall_n it_o be_v true_a a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n without_o defensive_a arm_n may_v be_v ser_v together_o hinder_v a_o troop_n of_o horse_n from_o get_v in_o among_o they_o but_o their_o head_n and_o body_n be_v naked_a and_o have_v nothing_o on_o either_o of_o they_o to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o a_o carabine_n or_o pistol-ball_n except_o it_o be_v a_o buffcoat_n and_o for_o most_o part_n not_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v fancy_v but_o a_o volley_n of_o shot_n from_o a_o body_n of_o horse_n stand_v without_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o point_n of_o pike_n will_v make_v many_o of_o the_o pikeman_n fall_v which_o will_v so_o disorder_v their_o body_n that_o a_o sudden_a charge_n of_o horse_n will_v easy_o break_v it_o this_o be_v a_o great_a defect_n of_o our_o modern_a militia_n of_o which_o most_o nation_n be_v now_o guilty_a for_o though_o in_o all_o their_o constitution_n of_o war_n there_o be_v a_o appointment_n for_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n and_o foot_n yet_o when_o we_o see_v batallion_n of_o pike_n we_o see_v they_o every_o where_o naked_a unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o netherlands_o where_o some_o and_o but_o some_o company_n represent_v the_o ancient_a militia_n and_o we_o find_v a_o universal_a deâ—ect_n in_o the_o cavalry_n as_o to_o the_o heavy_a arm_v there_o be_v but_o few_o curiassier_n in_o many_o army_n and_o in_o very_a many_o none_o of_o they_o at_o all_o to_o be_v see_v since_o the_o invention_n of_o gun_n we_o find_v till_o these_o latter_a time_n all_o nation_n do_v allow_v defensive_a arm_n to_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o service_n that_o be_v to_o be_v require_v of_o they_o the_o cavalry_n be_v ordinary_o divide_v into_o curiassier_n and_o harquebusier_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o that_o more_o full_o afterward_o the_o first_o be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v man_n and_o horse_n and_o those_o we_o call_v man_n horseman_n defensive_a arm_n for_o horseman_n at_o arm_n and_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o harquebusier_n have_v a_o head-piece_n back_n and_o breast_n their_o horse_n no_o arm_n at_o all_o but_o now_o for_o most_o part_n the_o case_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o curiassier_n we_o have_v harquebusier_n and_o instead_o of_o harquebusier_n we_o have_v horseman_n only_o arm_v offensive_o here_o i_o must_v answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v this_o if_o the_o armour_n for_o horseman_n be_v not_o musket-proof_n either_o the_o bullet_n pierce_v through_o or_o beat_v the_o iron_n into_o the_o horsemans_n body_n which_o be_v equal_o dangerous_a and_o if_o it_o be_v proof_n it_o be_v exceed_o troublesome_a to_o both_o man_n and_o horse_n but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o have_v be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n arm_n make_v that_o be_v proof_n and_o of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v a_o curiassier_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o strong_a body_n and_o shall_v ride_v a_o horse_n that_o for_o height_n and_o strength_n shall_v be_v fit_a for_o that_o service_n wherein_o both_o he_o and_o his_o rider_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v as_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o afterward_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot-soldier_n or_o pikeman_n shall_v have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o pikeman_n for_o pikeman_n back_n and_o breast_n a_o belly-piece_n taslet_n for_o their_o thigh_n and_o grieve_v for_o their_o arm_n the_o armour_n for_o their_o head_n breast_n and_o belly_n shall_v be_v carrabineproof_n and_o that_o for_o their_o back_n pistol-proof_n but_o we_o shall_v rare_o see_v a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n in_o such_o harness_n and_o no_o wonder_n since_o the_o pike_n itself_o be_v not_o now_o use_v so_o much_o as_o it_o have_v be_v and_o still_o shall_v be_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v at_o length_n in_o its_o proper_a place_n but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a that_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o supine_n carelessness_n and_o inexcusable_a inadvertency_n of_o officer_n and_o commander_n in_o their_o levy_n who_o take_v no_o notice_n to_o make_v a_o difference_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o carry_v musket_n and_o pike_n distribute_v they_o promiscuous_o to_o the_o strong_a and_o the_o weak_a whereas_o without_o all_o question_n the_o tall_a big_a and_o strong_a shall_v be_v order_v to_o carry_v pike_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o endure_v the_o weight_n of_o their_o defensive_a arm_n nay_o which_o be_v worse_o i_o have_v know_v musket_n give_v to_o those_o of_o the_o big_a stature_n and_o pike_n to_o the_o unworthy_a and_o silly_a of_o the_o company_n as_o if_o he_o who_o be_v not_o worthy_a to_o carry_v a_o musket_n be_v sufficient_a to_o carry_v a_o pike_n neither_o have_v i_o see_v this_o abuse_n redress_v though_o often_o complain_v of_o to_o general_n so_o much_o have_v i_o see_v a_o pike_n the_o prince_n of_o weapon_n disparage_v many_o have_v think_v it_o fit_a to_o give_v musketeer_n some_o defensive_a arm_n as_o a_o head_n musketeer_n for_o musketeer_n back_o and_o breastpiece_n and_o true_o i_o wish_v that_o custom_n be_v continue_v for_o though_o most_o of_o the_o ordinary_a armour_n that_o be_v give_v they_o be_v little_o better_a than_o pistol-proof_n if_o it_o be_v so_o good_a yet_o it_o encourage_v they_o who_o wear_v it_o and_o if_o as_o i_o say_v before_o they_o be_v exercise_v train_v and_o accustom_a with_o it_o it_o will_v not_o at_o all_o be_v troublesome_a to_o they_o either_o in_o their_o march_n or_o on_o service_n for_o we_o find_v the_o ancient_a light_n arm_v especial_o among_o the_o roman_n pretty_a well_o arm_v for_o defence_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o light_n arm_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o heavy_a arm_a legionary_n i_o think_v i_o may_v in_o this_o place_n reckon_v the_o swedish_n feather_n among_o the_o defensive_a feather_n swedish_n feather_n arm_n though_o it_o do_v participate_v of_o both_o defence_n and_o offence_n it_o be_v a_o stake_n five_o or_o six_o foot_n long_o and_o about_o four_o finger_n thick_a with_o a_o piece_n of_o sharp_a iron_n nail_v to_o each_o end_n of_o it_o by_o the_o one_o it_o be_v make_v fast_o in_o the_o ground_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o other_o end_n lie_v out_o so_o that_o it_o may_v meet_v with_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o horse_n whereby_o a_o body_n of_o musketeer_n be_v defend_v as_o with_o a_o pallisado_n against_o the_o rude_a charge_n of_o a_o squadron_n of_o horse_n which_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o gall_v and_o disorder_n with_o their_o shot_n i_o have_v see_v they_o make_v use_n of_o in_o germany_n and_o before_o i_o leave_v that_o war_n see_v they_o likewise_o wear_v out_o of_o use_n when_o the_o infantry_n by_o several_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n and_o the_o pike_n and_o those_o stake_n fix_v in_o the_o ground_n they_o make_v a_o delightful_a show_n represent_v a_o wood_n the_o pike_n resemble_v the_o tall_a
do_v likewise_o fear_v indeed_o occasion_n confusion_n and_o he_o will_v still_o have_v pikeman_n more_o fearful_a than_o other_o man_n beside_o he_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v ill_o train_v as_o if_o they_o dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o charge_v with_o their_o pike_n for_o fear_v of_o hurt_v either_o their_o commander_n or_o their_o companion_n as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o night_n when_o the_o enemy_n may_v fall_v on_o i_o know_v not_o well_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o he_o think_v the_o darkness_n or_o horror_n of_o the_o night_n shall_v put_v a_o pikeman_n in_o great_a danger_n than_o a_o musqueteer_n and_o this_o i_o will_v glad_o hear_v he_o or_o any_o other_o for_o he_o demonstrate_v his_o four_o argument_n be_v that_o pike_n be_v unfit_a and_o unserviceable_a for_o convoy_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o ask_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o be_v it_o therefore_o not_o useful_a at_o all_o argument_n four_o argument_n next_o i_o say_v he_o be_v mistake_v for_o many_o convoy_n have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o many_o convoy_n must_v make_v use_n of_o pike_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n they_o answer_v answer_v be_v to_o traverse_v open_a heath_n and_o champain_n country_n or_o as_o the_o enemy_n strength_n be_v fancy_v to_o be_v either_o in_o foot_n or_o horse_n many_o great_a convoy_n be_v compose_v only_o of_o firelock_n or_o fusee_v i_o hope_v master_n lupton_n will_v not_o thence_o infer_v that_o musket_n be_v useless_a five_o he_o say_v the_o musqueteer_n be_v overtoiled_a and_o discourage_v when_o he_o see_v argument_n five_o argument_n he_o must_v do_v the_o whole_a duty_n in_o sally_n skirmish_n convoy_n and_o onslacht_n as_o he_o call_v they_o suppose_v infall_n or_o surprisal_n from_o all_o which_o the_o pikeman_n be_v exempt_v in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o ask_v who_o exempt_v he_o true_o none_o that_o i_o know_v answer_v answer_v but_o brancatio_n and_o master_n lupton_n who_o exempt_v he_o from_o all_o other_o duty_n and_o make_v he_o unnecessary_a nor_o can_v i_o divine_a where_o our_o author_n have_v learn_v this_o discipline_n that_o he_o offer_v to_o teach_v we_o i_o have_v show_v the_o pikeman_n be_v necessary_a for_o some_o convoy_n in_o all_o sally_n he_o be_v serviceable_a sometime_o with_o his_o pike_n or_o sometime_o with_o a_o half_a pike_n or_o a_o halberd_n sometime_o a_o morning_n star_n and_o sometime_o hand_v granado_n with_o all_o which_o the_o musqueteer_n many_o time_n must_v do_v service_n for_o in_o the_o medley_n of_o a_o salley_n his_o musket_n be_v often_o a_o unnecessary_a weapon_n unless_o he_o be_v within_o a_o parapet_n as_o for_o surprisal_n and_o anslacht_n the_o pikeman_n many_o time_n may_v be_v very_o useful_a and_o more_o than_o the_o musqueteer_n unless_o he_o change_v the_o lock_n of_o his_o musket_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n as_o to_o skirmish_n it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v he_o that_o neither_o the_o heavy_a arm_a footman_n who_o shall_v be_v the_o pikeman_n nor_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horseman_n who_o be_v the_o curiassier_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o these_o service_n be_v perform_v in_o ancient_a time_n by_o the_o velite_n and_o now_o by_o musket_n fusee_n firelock_n and_o light_a horseman_n the_o heavy_a arm_v stand_v ready_a to_o sustain_v they_o and_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n nor_o do_v i_o ever_o hear_v musqueteer_n make_v any_o such_o complaint_n as_o these_o our_o author_n be_v please_v to_o charge_v they_o with_o six_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o outwork_n before_o or_o beside_o a_o enemy_n the_o pikeman_n argument_n six_o argument_n be_v useless_a unless_o it_o be_v to_o stand_v centinel_n for_o say_v he_o the_o musqueteer_n defend_v the_o work_n and_o while_o they_o be_v furious_o give_v fire_n the_o pikeman_n be_v sit_v in_o the_o trench_n take_v tabaco_n or_o tell_v tale_n for_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o ever_o i_o hear_v a_o soldier_n tell_v such_o a_o tale_n as_o this_o of_o mr._n luptons_n but_o i_o know_v not_o where_o this_o man_n be_v he_o be_v just_a now_o in_o outwork_n and_o immediate_o in_o trench_n it_o seem_v they_o be_v all_o one_o with_o he_o but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o i_o must_v divide_v his_o argument_n into_o two_o part_n and_o give_v a_o answer_n subdivide_v subdivide_v to_o both_o if_o it_o be_v in_o trench_n or_o approach_n to_o a_o besiege_a fort_n that_o the_o musqueâ—eers_n be_v give_v fire_n furious_o it_o must_v be_v either_o at_o a_o sally_n of_o the_o enemy_n answer_v and_o answer_v and_o then_o sure_a the_o pikeman_n be_v neither_o sit_v nor_o idle_a or_o it_o be_v when_o a_o battery_n be_v a_o make_n near_o the_o counterscarp_n or_o that_o the_o zap_n be_v begin_v there_o and_o then_o indeed_o both_o cannon_n and_o musket_n shall_v fire_v furious_o upon_o both_o curtain_n and_o flank_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o from_o thence_o those_o who_o work_n may_v be_v as_o little_o disturb_v as_o may_v be_v and_o at_o that_o time_n the_o pikeman_n be_v busy_a work_n with_o a_o spade_n shovel_n or_o mattock_n in_o his_o hand_n or_o be_v careful_o attend_v to_o give_v obedience_n to_o what_o else_o he_o be_v command_v to_o do_v perhaps_o to_o receive_v the_o sally_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o come_v to_o mr._n luptons_n outwork_n and_o he_o must_v mean_v the_o pike_n be_v useless_a either_o when_o a_o outwork_n be_v storm_v or_o when_o it_o be_v defend_v from_o a_o storm_n if_o the_o first_o the_o pike_n be_v more_o necessary_a than_o any_o fire-gun_n after_o those_o who_o carry_v they_o come_v to_o the_o ascend_a or_o mount_v the_o work_n and_o this_o be_v obvious_a to_o sense_n if_o the_o second_o when_o a_o enemy_n be_v come_v on_o to_o the_o storm_n it_o be_v the_o musqueteer_n part_v to_o give_v fire_n to_o keep_v he_o off_o and_o chase_v he_o away_o but_o the_o enemy_n be_v already_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o work_n and_o mount_v the_o musket_n be_v useless_a except_o from_o flank_n and_o the_o pikeman_n then_o with_o stone_n and_o hand-granado's_a do_v the_o service_n till_o the_o enemy_n be_v within_o push_n of_o pike_n and_o then_o sure_a the_o pike_n be_v not_o useless_a but_o he_o say_v a_o pike_n be_v too_o long_a a_o weapon_n for_o this_o service_n to_o answer_v which_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o outwork_n whereof_o mr._n lupton_n speak_v confuse_o be_v tenailles_fw-fr ravelines_n halfmoon_n crown-work_n and_o horn-work_n and_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o these_o ordinary_o there_o be_v other_o weapon_n than_o either_o pike_n or_o musket_n such_o be_v hand-granado's_a stone_n halberd_n partisan_n morning_n star_n two_o hand_a and_o hangman_n sword_n which_o be_v stand_v ready_a within_o the_o work_n that_o when_o the_o pike_n can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o pikeman_n and_o musqueteer_n both_o may_v make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o and_o if_o none_o of_o these_o weapon_n be_v in_o the_o work_n a_o pikeman_n may_v very_o soon_o make_v a_o half-pike_n of_o his_o long_a pike_n which_o be_v a_o weapon_n much_o commend_v by_o mr._n lupton_n but_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n for_o that_o either_o for_o in_o these_o outwork_n i_o have_v speak_v of_o a_o pikeman_n may_v with_o much_o ease_n stand_v on_o the_o rampart_n and_o gripe_v his_o pike_n either_o at_o half_a or_o quarter_n length_n tumble_v down_o a_o enemy_n dead_a or_o alive_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o parapet_n and_o not_o cut_v his_o pike_n at_o all_o and_o because_o our_o author_n may_v mean_v redoubt_n and_o battery_n which_o be_v make_v at_o sieges_n for_o true_o i_o do_v not_o well_o know_v where_o to_o find_v he_o i_o say_v the_o musqueteer_n stand_v on_o the_o foot_n bank_n of_o these_o and_o do_v their_o work_n the_o pikeman_n may_v stand_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o redoubt_n or_o battery_n and_o kill_v or_o throw_v over_o any_o enemy_n that_o be_v on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o parapet_n as_o a_o corollary_n to_o this_o six_o argument_n our_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o scout_n that_o be_v lose_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o stoad_n where_o the_o half_a of_o the_o soldier_n be_v pikeman_n to_o who_o he_o attribute_n the_o loss_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v by_o scout_n some_o post_n and_o why_o may_v not_o i_o say_v the_o other_o half_o of_o the_o defendant_n who_o be_v musketeer_n occasion_v the_o loss_n and_o not_o the_o pike-man_n but_o because_o i_o know_v not_o what_o he_o mean_v i_o shall_v grant_v he_o all_o he_o say_v and_o yet_o aver_v that_o the_o particular_a oversight_n of_o pike-man_n will_v never_o conclude_v the_o pike_n universal_o useless_a seven_o he_o say_v pike-man_n can_v make_v a_o retreat_n for_z say_v he_o a_o
any_o man_n say_v that_o the_o imperial_a pikeman_n lose_v this_o battle_n to_o the_o emperor_n i_o suppose_v none_o but_o brancatio_n and_o master_n lupton_n moncounter_n be_v lose_v for_o many_o reason_n too_o tedious_a to_o insert_v here_o whereof_o the_o great_a number_n of_o pike_n be_v none_o and_o what_o a_o madness_n be_v it_o in_o these_o two_o antipike-man_n to_o speak_v of_o dreux_n for_o there_o they_o who_o lose_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o dâ—â—ux_n battle_n of_o dâ—â—ux_n day_n that_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o conde_n and_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v few_o or_o no_o pike_n at_o all_o and_o succeed_v according_o for_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n after_o a_o long_a and_o doubtful_a fight_n marshal_n st._n andre_n be_v kill_v and_o the_o constable_n take_v rout_v their_o foot_n with_o his_o cavalry_n so_o the_o have_v pike_n gain_v the_o royalist_n the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n for_o the_o swisser_n though_o with_o huge_a loss_n keep_v the_o field_n and_o the_o want_n of_o pike_n lose_v it_o to_o the_o protestant_n these_o be_v brancatio_n his_o instance_n to_o prove_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o what_o little_a reason_n mr._n lupton_n have_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o other_o authority_n be_v clear_v i_o hope_v by_o my_o answer_n which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v lest_o i_o may_v have_v seem_v to_o have_v undervalue_v mr._n lupton_n as_o terduzzi_n have_v do_v his_o countryman_n brancatio_n who_o deign_v not_o almost_o to_o afford_v one_o of_o his_o argument_n a_o reply_n it_o rest_v now_o that_o i_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o both_o of_o they_o who_o draw_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o pike_n because_o the_o turk_n use_v it_o not_o but_o reject_v it_o as_o unserviceable_a to_o this_o first_o i_o say_v that_o the_o turk_n glory_n that_o his_o batallion_n resemble_v the_o macedonian_a defect_n want_v of_o pike_n in_o the_o tuâ—ks_v army_n a_o defect_n phalanges_fw-la and_o therefore_o by_o this_o 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in_o which_o skuffle_v the_o bassa_n himself_o be_v kilâ—ed_v i_o be_o afraid_a it_o have_v be_v pure_a malice_n in_o these_o two_o gentleman_n to_o conceive_v the_o milan_n great_a action_n of_o the_o swisser_n arm_v with_o pike_n charles_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n beside_o milan_n great_a victory_n obtain_v by_o the_o swisser_n by_o no_o other_o weapon_n than_o the_o pike_n ignorance_n it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o brancatio_n since_o some_o of_o they_o be_v the_o action_n of_o his_o own_o time_n nor_o in_o lupton_n who_o may_v have_v read_v they_o in_o modern_a history_n they_o overthrow_v charles_n of_o burgundy_n in_o three_o several_a battle_n and_o he_o be_v a_o very_a warlike_a prince_n they_o march_v three_o mile_n out_o of_o milan_n to_o attack_v a_o martial_a king_n francis_n the_o first_o lodge_v in_o a_o well_o fortify_v camp_n environ_v with_o a_o well_o order_v infantry_n a_o numerous_a cavalry_n and_o a_o huge_a train_n of_o artillery_n they_o storm_v his_o retrenchment_n 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and_o gascon_n foot_n in_o their_o flight_n for_o they_o do_v not_o fight_v they_o chase_v the_o french_a cavalry_n out_o of_o the_o field_n who_o can_v not_o be_v detain_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o trimoville_n and_o trivultio_n both_o of_o they_o great_a captain_n these_o the_o swisser_n for_o want_n of_o horse_n can_v not_o pursue_v but_o they_o take_v two_o and_o twenty_o piece_n of_o artillery_n with_o a_o infinite_a booty_n and_o so_o return_v to_o novara_n a_o action_n even_o in_o the_o heroic_a time_n almost_o beyond_o belief_n you_o may_v read_v these_o story_n at_o large_a both_o in_o guicciardini_n and_o giovio_n at_o meaux_n on_o the_o river_n marne_n the_o prince_n of_o condâ—_n and_o the_o admiral_n of_o marne_n at_o meaux_n on_o the_o river_n marne_n france_n have_v well_o near_o surprise_v charles_n the_o nine_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o mother_n catherine_n de_fw-fr medici_n great_a be_v the_o fear_n of_o the_o court_n where_o there_o be_v none_o to_o defend_v it_o but_o eight_o or_o nine_o hundred_o gentleman_n arm_v only_o with_o sword_n but_o there_o arrive_v in_o a_o good_a time_n six_o thousand_o swisser_n who_o have_v come_v from_o their_o own_o country_n and_o they_o after_o three_o hour_n refreshment_n courageous_o undertake_v to_o bring_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n in_o safety_n to_o the_o lovure_n which_o be_v ten_o league_n distant_a from_o thence_o and_o perform_v it_o in_o their_o march_n they_o choose_v the_o most_o open_a and_o champain_n field_n present_v their_o pike_n on_o all_o quarter_n where_o ever_o the_o enemy_n offer_v to_o charge_n and_o come_v to_o paris_n with_o the_o loss_n only_o of_o thirty_o man_n who_o be_v weary_a have_v fall_v behind_o let_v now_o master_n lupton_n tell_v we_o out_o of_o brancatio_n that_o pikeman_n can_v make_v way_n or_o pursue_v a_o enemy_n that_o they_o can_v force_v a_o guard_n street_n or_o passage_n and_o can_v make_v a_o assault_n or_o use_v diligence_n on_o a_o march_n or_o do_v other_o 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this_o both_o of_o they_o promise_n to_o do_v and_o you_o shall_v see_v how_o they_o perform_v it_o brancatio_n admit_v no_o foot_n but_o harquebusier_n musket_n be_v rare_a when_o he_o pike_n brancatio_n his_o engine_n instead_o of_o the_o pike_n write_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o he_o be_v alive_a now_o he_o will_v call_v they_o musqueteer_n as_o mr._n lupton_n do_v and_o by_o that_o name_n we_o shall_v call_v they_o hereafter_o terduzzi_n tell_v we_o that_o his_o countryman_n brancatio_n undertake_v to_o teach_v prince_n a_o invention_n how_o their_o musqueteer_n shall_v march_v in_o a_o open_a field_n or_o a_o raze_a champain_n either_o in_o squadron_n or_o man_n by_o man_n without_o run_v any_o hazard_n to_o be_v rout_v or_o overrun_v by_o any_o cavalry_n be_v it_o never_o so_o strong_a much_o less_o shall_v they_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o any_o batallion_n of_o pike_n but_o brancatio_n tell_v we_o not_o in_o his_o whole_a book_n what_o this_o invention_n be_v but_o keep_v it_o 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be_v a_o most_o easy_a thing_n to_o make_v but_o most_o difficult_a to_o imitate_v unless_o the_o order_n of_o it_o be_v explain_v by_o the_o author_n himself_o and_o withal_o he_o call_v it_o in_o the_o singular_a number_n a_o piece_n of_o armour_n now_o brancatio_n acknowledge_v no_o arm_n but_o sword_n or_o harquebusse_n for_o foot_n hence_o terduzzi_n conclude_v the_o invention_n must_v be_v some_o kind_n conjecture_v can_v be_v well_o conjecture_v of_o defensive_a arm_n and_o yet_o no_o great_a engine_n or_o machine_n while_o terduzzi_n be_v thus_o puzzle_v a_o italian_a gentleman_n tell_v he_o that_o brancatio_n have_v show_v he_o one_o of_o they_o and_o say_v it_o be_v a_o pike_n with_o a_o certain_a iron-triangle_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o which_o be_v cast_v on_o the_o ground_n any_o way_n always_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n shall_v stand_v up_o but_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v fix_v all_o the_o three_o angle_n stand_v in_o the_o air_n which_o when_o terduzzi_n have_v learn_v he_o look_v on_o it_o as_o so_o frivolous_a a_o piece_n of_o folly_n that_o he_o neither_o trouble_v himself_o nor_o we_o with_o any_o further_a discourse_n about_o it_o can_v this_o triangle_n be_v it_o never_o so_o great_a be_v any_o thing_n else_o than_o one_o of_o our_o calthrop_n with_o these_o it_o seem_v brancatio_n be_v to_o environ_v his_o firemen_n for_o he_o say_v his_o invention_n be_v only_o to_o defend_v the_o circumference_n whether_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o carry_v it_o or_o some_o other_o appoint_v for_o it_o we_o know_v not_o and_o many_o more_o particularity_n of_o that_o great_a secret_n must_v we_o want_v master_n lupton_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o squeamish_a as_o brancatio_n though_o we_o shall_v weapon_n mr._n luptons_n musket_n and_o half-pike_n one_o weapon_n present_o find_v he_o reserve_v enough_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o instead_o of_o both_o musket_n and_o pike_n he_o will_v have_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v both_o a_o musket_n and_o half_a pikâ—_n serve_v the_o infantry_n he_o much_o commend_v this_o piece_n and_o praise_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o excessive_o but_o he_o give_v we_o no_o perfect_a description_n of_o it_o at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v make_v i_o who_o never_o see_v it_o apprehend_v it_o aright_o he_o call_v it_o a_o musket_n and_o half-pike_n if_o so_o then_o two_o weapon_n but_o for_o most_o part_n he_o call_v it_o a_o weapon_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n and_o therefore_o not_o two_o weapon_n he_o tell_v we_o by_o this_o weapon_n the_o musqueteer_n be_v safe_a within_o the_o barricado_n of_o their_o steel_n palisadoe_n for_o so_o he_o call_v it_o by_o this_o the_o weapon_n shall_v be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o shall_v be_v use_v as_o the_o swedish_n feather_n and_o if_o so_o it_o will_v make_v but_o one_o weapon_n and_o the_o musket_n will_v make_v another_o he_o say_v this_o weapon_n may_v be_v use_v as_o a_o musket_n rest_v but_o if_o it_o have_v no_o more_o use_n than_o that_o experience_n will_v make_v it_o useless_a and_o at_o length_n he_o assure_v uâ—_n that_o this_o weapon_n the_o musquet-half-pike_n will_v save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o treasure_n spend_v by_o prince_n on_o pike_n headpiece_n back_n and_o breast_n he_o tell_v we_o of_o such_o stuff_n before_o but_o good_a god_n can_v a_o barricado_n of_o half-pike_n defend_v a_o man_n head_n and_o body_n so_o well_o from_o a_o shot_n as_o a_o head-piece_n or_o a_o corslet_n can_v and_o to_o conclude_v he_o direct_v all_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v this_o new_a weapon_n to_o go_v to_o the_o artillery-garden_n at_o london_n where_o they_o may_v be_v satisfy_v in_o all_o their_o curiosity_n but_o i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o weapon_n which_o he_o cry_v up_o to_o be_v of_o so_o general_a a_o good_a and_o can_v bring_v so_o universal_a a_o advantage_n to_o prince_n and_o state_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v within_o so_o narrow_a a_o plot_n of_o secret_n shall_v not_o 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every_o company_n of_o foot_n d'en_o pasvolants_n whereof_o six_o belong_v to_o the_o captain_n two_o for_o the_o lieutenant_n and_o two_o for_o the_o ensign_n every_o one_o of_o these_o have_v the_o allowance_n of_o half_a a_o rixdollar_n every_o ten_o day_n but_o this_o custom_n wear_v out_o and_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o because_o many_o captain_n notwithstanding_o that_o indulgence_n endeavour_v still_o to_o keep_v void_a place_n in_o their_o company_n as_o a_o mean_a to_o make_v their_o purse_n full_a these_o muster-master_n by_o the_o dutch_a dane_n and_o swede_n be_v call_v commissary_n commissary_n commissary_n over_o who_o the_o commissary_n general_n of_o the_o army_n have_v the_o superintendance_n this_o difference_n there_o be_v that_o those_o commissary_n keep_v the_o purse_n and_o so_o be_v paymaster_n but_o our_o muster-master_n be_v not_o so_o the_o pay_v belong_v to_o our_o treasurer_n as_o among_o the_o roman_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o questor_n they_o have_v 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colour_n never_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n on_o a_o enemy_n and_o to_o reveal_v all_o conspiracy_n treason_n and_o mutiny_n intend_v against_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n or_o their_o general_n and_o other_o commander_n so_o help_v they_o god_n in_o the_o great_a day_n if_o this_o oath_n be_v punctual_o keep_v all_o battle_n will_v be_v so_o well_o fight_v that_o there_o will_v not_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o the_o slight_a of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v of_o in_o the_o world_n after_o this_o oath_n the_o article_n and_o law_n of_o war_n shall_v be_v public_o and_o distinct_o read_v that_o they_o may_v know_v what_o punishment_n for_o most_o article_n speak_v more_o of_o they_o than_o of_o reward_n they_o may_v expect_v if_o they_o commit_v such_o crime_n as_o be_v there_o mention_v this_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v that_o none_o may_v pretend_v ignorance_n for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o transgression_n of_o these_o article_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n be_v that_o most_o man_n who_o follow_v the_o war_n over_o all_o the_o world_n receive_v wage_n they_o just_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o mercenary_n but_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v how_o their_o wage_n be_v pay_v i_o suppose_v you_o will_v rather_o think_v they_o voluntary_n at_o least_o very_a generous_a for_o do_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o service_n for_o nothing_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o swisser_n that_o they_o will_v not_o fight_v unless_o they_o be_v pay_v due_o if_o other_o nation_n be_v of_o their_o humour_n prince_n and_o state_n will_v be_v necessitate_v to_o agree_v better_a than_o they_o do_v because_o seldom_o will_v their_o army_n fight_v for_o they_o because_o seldom_o they_o be_v pay_v by_o they_o the_o baptist_n insinuate_v that_o soldier_n shall_v be_v pay_v their_o wage_n because_o he_o bid_v they_o be_v content_v with_o their_o wage_n and_o do_v violence_n to_o no_o man_n but_o few_o or_o no_o evangelic_n precept_n be_v obey_v and_o this_o as_o little_a as_o any_o soldier_n get_v not_o their_o wage_n and_o violence_n be_v do_v to_o many_o man_n at_o the_o first_o view_n it_o will_v seem_v strange_a why_o prince_n pay_v their_o soldiery_n very_o well_o and_o due_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n when_o they_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o do_v with_o they_o and_o very_o ill_a and_o very_a seldom_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v with_o they_o but_o the_o reason_n be_v soon_o find_v they_o need_v far_o great_a number_n in_o time_n of_o war_n than_o peace_n and_o many_o be_v not_o pay_v with_o so_o little_a money_n as_o a_o few_o be_v in_o the_o war_n of_o europe_n these_o last_o fourscore_o year_n and_o upward_o wherein_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v free_a except_o in_o the_o late_a unhappy_a civil_a war_n we_o find_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v pay_v their_o army_n better_a than_o any_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n this_o make_v the_o mercenary_a soldier_n run_v to_o their_o service_n and_o capacitates_fw-la they_o to_o make_v great_a levy_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o bad_a payment_n of_o the_o spaniard_n appear_v when_o their_o king_n stand_v most_o in_o need_n of_o their_o service_n seventy_o pay_v army_n universal_o ill_o pay_v year_n ago_o and_o a_o little_a upward_o and_o many_o time_n since_o for_o that_o give_v a_o rise_n to_o those_o terrible_a mutiny_n in_o which_o they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o town_n and_o treat_v with_o their_o general_n and_o superior_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v free_a estate_n this_o incapacitate_v the_o spanish_a minister_n to_o prosecute_v the_o war_n against_o the_o new_a estate_n in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o either_o they_o or_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v idle_a spectator_n the_o most_o considerable_a army_n the_o sweed_n have_v in_o the_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o victorious_a king_n gustavus_n adolphus_n lay_v idle_a at_o donaverth_n lose_v the_o time_n of_o action_n and_o treat_v for_o their_o pay_n boccalini_n inform_v we_o that_o once_o the_o gardiner_n complain_v to_o apollo_n that_o they_o râ—ggâ—aglâ—_n boccalini_n his_o râ—ggâ—aglâ—_n have_v no_o instrument_n to_o make_v all_o the_o weed_n of_o their_o garden_n run_v and_o dance_v after_o they_o as_o prince_n and_o free_a state_n who_o can_v make_v all_o the_o idle_a and_o unprofitable_a member_n of_o their_o principality_n go_v out_o of_o the_o garden_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n with_o the_o rattle_n of_o a_o drum_n and_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n but_o i_o think_v prince_n and_o state_n be_v to_o be_v much_o more_o admire_a for_o another_o secret_a art_n of_o their_o own_o whereby_o they_o get_v these_o drone_n to_o do_v they_o both_o laborious_a and_o hazardous_a service_n for_o very_o little_a money_n and_o at_o a_o low_a expense_n the_o pay_n and_o wages_n for_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o establishment_n of_o several_a prince_n and_o state_n i_o shall_v speak_v a_o little_a of_o some_o of_o they_o for_o to_o speak_v of_o all_o though_o i_o can_v be_v needless_a the_o german_a emperor_n establishment_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o long_a war_n be_v pay_n german_n emperor_n his_o pay_n fair_a enough_o for_o there_o be_v promise_v to_o every_o colonel_n of_o horse_n 300_o dollar_n to_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o to_o a_o major_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o to_o a_o ritmaster_n one_o hundred_o to_o a_o lieutenant_n sixty_o to_o a_o cornet_n fifty_o beside_o allowance_n of_o fodderage_n for_o so_o many_o horse_n proportionable_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n monthly_a to_o a_o quartermaster_n twenty_o four_o dollar_n to_o a_o corporal_n twenty_o two_o to_o a_o clerk_n fifteen_o to_o a_o trumpeter_n as_o much_o and_o to_o a_o einspanneer_n or_o trooper_n twelve_o the_o pay_n for_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o foot_n be_v much_o less_o but_o they_o get_v not_o three_o month_n pay_v of_o twelve_o in_o a_o whole_a year_n but_o bockler_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1658._o at_o frankford_n on_o the_o main_n 1658._o pay_v of_o the_o confederated_a german_a prince_n an._n 1658._o the_o elector_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o have_v join_v in_o a_o league_n whereof_o there_o be_v many_o make_v in_o that_o country_n have_v unanimous_o agree_v upon_o a_o pay_n to_o be_v give_v to_o their_o force_n so_o long_o as_o the_o league_n continue_v most_o of_o their_o league_n be_v break_v in_o short_a time_n than_o they_o be_v a_o make_n and_o it_o be_v this_o a_o ritmaster_n be_v to_o have_v for_o himself_o every_o month_n sixty_o dollar_n and_o allowance_n for_o six_o
place_n of_o the_o depth_n that_o every_o prince_n appoint_v for_o his_o foot_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n for_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v ever_o learn_v foot-company_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a almost_o universal_o but_o he_o marshal_v deep_a ten_o deep_a all_o his_o infantry_n in_o six_o rank_n and_o after_o he_o have_v invade_v germany_n the_o emperor_n with_o most_o of_o the_o european_a king_n and_o prince_n keep_v their_o foot_n still_o at_o ten_o deep_a but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n which_o he_o begin_v all_o of_o they_o follow_v his_o way_n and_o make_v the_o file_n of_o their_o foot_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o man_n except_o the_o prince_n of_o deep_a six_o deep_a orange_n who_o still_o keep_v ten_o in_o file_n i_o shall_v except_v likewise_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n who_o in_o his_o instruction_n for_o the_o better_a discipline_n of_o his_o army_n order_v every_o deep_a eight_o deep_a captain_n of_o foot_n to_o draw_v up_o his_o company_n eight_o deep_a in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n where_o there_o be_v difference_n a_o man_n may_v tell_v his_o opinion_n without_o affectation_n of_o singularity_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o the_o more_o hand_n a_o captain_n can_v bring_v to_o fight_v the_o more_o shrewd_o deep_a reason_n for_o six_o deep_a he_o will_v put_v his_o enemy_n to_o it_o provide_v still_o his_o batallion_n be_v of_o that_o strength_n as_o to_o receive_v the_o shock_n of_o a_o resolute_a impression_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o worst_a that_o he_o have_v reserve_v to_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n of_o reserve_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o be_o hopeful_a it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v by_o eight_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o ten_o and_o more_o by_o six_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o eight_o take_v a_o second_o argument_n the_o more_o able_a you_o be_v to_o save_v yourself_o from_o be_v surround_v or_o out-winged_a by_o a_o enemy_n or_o the_o more_o able_a you_o make_v yourself_o to_o surround_v and_o out-wing_n that_o enemy_n of_o you_o the_o great_a advantage_n you_o have_v over_o he_o both_o these_o be_v do_v by_o a_o large_a front_n now_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o eight_o in_o file_n enlarge_v the_o front_n more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o and_o consequent_o eight_o deep_a contribute_v more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o for_o gain_v the_o victory_n that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_n be_v very_o soon_o instance_a first_o by_o a_o body_n deep_a the_o great_a advantage_n 1500_o musqueteer_n six_o deep_a have_v of_o 1500_o musqueteer_n ten_o deep_a of_o musqueteer_n and_o next_o by_o a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o musqueteer_n marshal_v ten_o deep_a be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n of_o equal_a number_n that_o be_v fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a and_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o stout_a and_o experience_a and_o equal_o good_a firemen_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n as_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a must_v likewise_o do_v now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a can_v make_v no_o more_o but_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o ten_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o but_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o six_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o so_o that_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a at_o every_o volley_n pour_v one_o hundred_o leaden_a bullet_n more_o in_o the_o enemy_n bosom_n than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o consequent_o when_o six_o rank_n of_o both_o party_n have_v fire_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a have_v receive_v six_o hundred_o ball_n 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now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o rank_n and_o so_o shoot_v at_o every_o volley_n sixty_o two_o bullet_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a make_v the_o like_a trial_n of_o two_o batallion_n of_o pike_n each_o of_o they_o fifteen_o hundred_o have_v the_o same_o advantage_n pikeman_n also_o have_v strong_a equal_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a and_o their_o pike_n of_o equal_a length_n the_o hundred_o file_n wherewith_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a outwing_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a will_v likewise_o enter_v on_o their_o side_n and_o very_o soon_o ruin_v they_o if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v by_o their_o friend_n and_o though_o they_o be_v yet_o these_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n six_o deep_a be_v otherwise_o idle_a may_v happy_o give_v their_o flank_n some_o work_n to_o do_v nor_o have_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n ten_o deep_a any_o advantage_n of_o the_o 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in_o the_o van_n the_o other_o half_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o foot_n between_o they_o to_o clear_v all_o these_o three_o way_n of_o march_v let_v we_o suppose_v our_o army_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n these_o be_v divide_v after_o the_o first_o way_n thus_o in_o the_o vanguard_n body_n first_o manner_n in_o three_o body_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o these_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o horse_n to_o go_v before_o to_o search_v the_o way_n and_o discover_v that_o party_n shall_v be_v about_o one_o english_a mile_n before_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v small_a party_n send_v out_o about_o half_a a_o english_a mile_n which_o shall_v constant_o acquaint_v the_o great_a party_n and_o it_o the_o brigade_n behind_o and_o so_o from_o hand_n vanguard_n vanguard_n to_o hand_n till_o the_o intelligence_n of_o all_o they_o learn_v come_v to_o the_o general_n after_o these_o forlorn_a troop_n of_o horse_n follow_v command_v musqueteer_n with_o pioner_n to_o smooth_a and_o make_v plain_a the_o way_n for_o the_o artillery_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o cut_v tree_n or_o hedge_n or_o fill_v hollow_a ground_n or_o ditch_n after_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n follow_v some_o field-piece_n suppose_v the_o half_a of_o those_o that_o be_v with_o the_o army_n and_o some_o wagon_n load_v with_o ammunition_n immediate_o after_o they_o march_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n these_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a vanguard_n and_o behind_o it_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n so_o you_o see_v this_o vanguard_n be_v a_o petty_a army_n of_o itself_o in_o the_o next_o place_n come_v the_o battle_n in_o this_o order_n first_o two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o battle_n battle_n general_n in_o person_n attend_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o his_o body_n and_o servant_n behind_o these_o the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n of_o artillery_n after_o it_o come_v in_o due_a order_n the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o the_o general_a officer_n and_o to_o all_o the_o four_o brigade_n which_o compose_v the_o battle_n in_o the_o rear_n whereof_o march_v two_o more_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o sometime_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n after_o the_o battle_n come_v the_o reerguard_n of_o our_o army_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reverse_n of_o the_o vanguard_n for_o first_o rearguard_n rearguard_n march_v its_o baggage_n with_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n next_o follow_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n than_o some_o field-piece_n behind_o they_o the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n who_o have_v a_o party_n behind_o they_o at_o the_o distance_n at_o least_o of_o one_o english_a mile_n to_o give_v they_o advertisement_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v follow_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o and_o a_o very_a commendable_a manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n but_o observe_v to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n especial_o if_o a_o army_n be_v numerous_a these_o three_o great_a body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n if_o the_o country_n convenient_o way_n thâ—se_o three_o body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n afford_v they_o and_o this_o make_v a_o speedy_a march_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o battle_n must_v have_v two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o it_o have_v not_o before_o and_o consequent_o the_o van_n guard_n and_o rearguard_n each_o of_o they_o but_o two_o whereas_o by_o our_o former_a marshal_v each_o of_o they_o have_v three_o when_o they_o divide_v they_o be_v appoint_v to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o place_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v whether_o that_o be_v every_o night_n or_o every_o three_o four_o or_o five_o night_n this_o be_v do_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a march_v and_o â—dgeth_v constant_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o the_o artillery_n and_o these_o great_a officer_n who_o command_v the_o vanguard_n and_o arrierguard_n have_v major_n attend_v they_o every_o day_n and_o night_n beside_o ordinance-horseman_n to_o receive_v their_o direction_n and_o bring_v they_o speedy_o to_o they_o in_o regard_n some_o new_a intelligence_n may_v rational_o move_v they_o to_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n or_o any_o order_n they_o give_v concern_v it_o the_o second_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v in_o two_o body_n battle_n and_o body_n second_o manner_n in_o two_o body_n reserve_n you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o the_o army_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n which_o i_o thus_o order_n in_o the_o battle_n shall_v first_o march_v 400_o command_v horse_n who_o shall_v have_v a_o small_a party_n before_o they_o to_o discover_v next_z they_o pioner_n or_o country_n people_n with_o a_o party_n of_o musqueteer_n or_o firelock_n to_o plain_a the_o way_n than_o four_o brigade_n of_o horse_n next_o they_o field-piece_n than_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o he_o who_o command_v by_o his_o authority_n the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n follow_v after_o who_o come_v the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o coach_n and_o wagon_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n and_o all_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n after_o they_o come_v the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o all_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o the_o brigade_n themselves_o march_v after_o which_o come_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n bring_v up_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o reserve_n follow_v in_o this_o order_n first_o a_o command_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o reserve_n reserve_n foot_n than_o the_o whole_a baggage_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o reserve_v next_o to_o it_o field-piece_n with_o their_o wagon_n of_o ammunition_n after_o they_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n about_o one_o english_a mile_n behind_o they_o follow_v the_o rearguard_n of_o command_a horse_n these_o two_o great_a body_n for_o expedition_n way_n these_o two_o body_n may_v march_v two_o several_a way_n sake_n may_v likewise_o march_v two_o several_a way_n if_o the_o general_n have_v no_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o join_v when_o he_o give_v order_n for_o it_o observe_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o battle_n be_v the_o reserve_v and_o the_o reserve_n be_v the_o battle_n and_o consequent_o more_o brigade_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n than_o in_o the_o van_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n at_o such_o a_o occasion_n the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v the_o three_o manner_n of_o a_o army_n march_v be_v when_o it_o neither_o march_v in_o two_o body_n three_o manner_n in_o one_o body_n nor_o three_o distinct_a body_n but_o in_o one_o entire_a body_n which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v let_v i_o then_o once_o more_o refresh_v your_o memory_n by_o tell_v you_o our_o army_n consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n march_v first_o and_o make_v the_o vanguard_n these_o have_v before_o they_o command_v horse_n pioner_n and_o musqueteer_n as_o the_o other_o have_v then_o follow_v four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o general_n after_o they_o next_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n with_o his_o whole_a train_n after_o it_o march_v the_o other_o four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n compose_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o army_n the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o
horse_n make_v the_o rearguard_n behind_o which_o at_o a_o mile_n distance_n follow_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o command_v horse_n the_o baggage_n may_v be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n or_o body_n may_v be_v divide_v easy_o into_o several_a body_n if_o the_o general_n apprehend_v danger_n in_o they_o both_o it_o may_v march_v immediate_o after_o the_o train_n this_o great_a body_n may_v be_v very_o soon_o divide_v into_o either_o two_o or_o three_o several_a one_o and_o may_v march_v as_o many_o several_a way_n as_o the_o general_n please_v but_o true_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a commander_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o be_v divide_v unless_o the_o army_n itself_o divide_v if_o danger_n be_v in_o the_o van_n let_v it_o all_o stay_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o rear_n post_v away_o all_o the_o baggage_n to_o march_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n in_o a_o march_n the_o van_fw-mi if_o in_o both_o necessity_n will_v force_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n but_o my_o humble_a opinion_n be_v that_o without_o apparent_a danger_n it_o shall_v constant_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o the_o disadvantage_n be_v but_o small_a that_o the_o brigade_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o van_n have_v and_o withal_o they_o have_v but_o their_o turn_n of_o it_o that_o they_o must_v wait_v very_o long_o at_o night_n till_o their_o baggage_n come_v from_o the_o rear_n it_o be_v but_o small_a i_o say_v if_o you_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o great_a prejudice_n the_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n suffer_v by_o have_v the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n which_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n benight_a be_v hinder_v by_o the_o baggage_n that_o be_v order_v to_o march_v before_o they_o two_o three_o sometime_o five_o hour_n whereas_o if_o that_o baggage_n have_v not_o be_v in_o their_o way_n they_o may_v have_v reach_v their_o quarter_n seasonable_o enough_o but_o there_o be_v a_o worse_a thing_n in_o it_o than_o that_o when_o upon_o the_o unexpected_a appearance_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o van_n the_o brigade_n that_o be_v in_o the_o rearguard_n be_v sudden_o call_v up_o they_o be_v not_o able_a â—â—_o advance_v for_o the_o unavoidable_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n that_o be_v before_o they_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o middle_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o infantry_n a_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o great_a gun_n and_o train_n and_o the_o general_n secretary_n and_o cabinet_n with_o his_o paper_n and_o for_o most_o of_o he_o and_o some_o of_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n coach_n especial_o if_o their_o lady_n be_v in_o they_o and_o there_o i_o think_v these_o shall_v constant_o march_v but_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o all_o other_o baggage_n whatsoever_o belong_v to_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n according_a to_o that_o priority_n or_o precedency_n the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n have_v themselves_o in_o the_o march_n and_o these_o shall_v change_v every_o day_n that_o who_o be_v in_o the_o van_n one_o day_n may_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o next_o that_o all_o may_v participate_v equal_o of_o the_o ease_n or_o toil_n of_o a_o march_n be_v where_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_v shall_v be_v what_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o place_n where_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o of_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_a soldier_n who_o if_o they_o can_v be_v put_v in_o some_o secure_a or_o fortify_v place_n shall_v be_v bring_v forward_o though_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v borrow_v from_o the_o owner_n for_o that_o use_n and_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n shall_v be_v send_v as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o may_v be_v with_o a_o good_a guard_n or_o convoy_n when_o ground_n will_v permit_v the_o brigade_n of_o a_o army_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n to_o march_v in_o one_o breast_n or_o front_n there_o be_v a_o question_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n shall_v be_v keep_v between_o these_o brigade_n there_o be_v some_o who_o theoretical_o argue_v that_o the_o distance_n between_o two_o brigade_n both_o march_v in_o breast_n but_o the_o one_o behind_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v of_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n draw_v fight_v distance_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v up_o in_o front_n do_v possess_v because_o say_v they_o when_o one_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o a_o large_a field_n where_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o be_v marshal_v the_o second_o brigade_n which_o follow_v can_v draw_v up_o in_o full_a breast_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o unless_o there_o be_v such_o a_o interval_n between_o they_o on_o their_o march_n as_o that_o i_o just_a now_o tell_v you_o of_o nor_o can_v the_o three_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o unless_o it_o have_v that_o same_o distance_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v when_o a_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o battel-order_n that_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v between_o brigades_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n and_o so_o the_o second_o will_v have_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o marshal_v itself_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o but_o that_o can_v make_v i_o allow_v so_o much_o ground_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n as_o i_o willing_o do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v to_o the_o reason_n produce_v against_o it_o i_o say_v to_o think_v that_o a_o brigade_n all_o in_o one_o breast_n and_o march_v direct_o behind_o another_o though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n can_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n on_o the_o left_a examine_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n examine_v hand_n of_o another_o without_o some_o turn_n or_o wheel_v be_v a_o mere_a speculation_n and_o i_o say_v more_o let_v a_o brigade_n march_v in_o three_o squad_n at_o as_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o you_o will_v the_o second_o shall_v not_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o without_o some_o wheel_a and_o if_o a_o small_a body_n can_v do_v it_o much_o less_o can_v a_o great_a and_o practice_n will_v show_v the_o vanity_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v it_o and_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o march_n of_o brigade_n in_o the_o field_n as_o i_o have_v do_v often_o than_o once_o this_o opinion_n than_o vanish_v unless_o they_o who_o follow_v it_o bring_v a_o better_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o hear_v but_o be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n what_o a_o inconvenience_n and_o that_o no_o small_a one_o the_o observe_v this_o rule_n will_v bring_v along_o with_o it_o in_o a_o march_n i_o speak_v still_o when_o brigade_n march_v all_o in_o one_o front_n one_o behind_o another_o at_o that_o rate_n there_o shall_v be_v such_o avast_o distance_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o last_o brigade_n shall_v not_o get_v up_o though_o it_o run_v which_o it_o shall_v not_o do_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v marshal_v but_o in_o a_o very_a long_a time_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v with_o i_o make_v this_o computation_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n in_o this_o chapter_n to_o be_v in_o our_o army_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o strong_a than_o 1800_o man_n and_o therefore_o each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v 300_o in_o front_n allow_v four_o foot_n to_o every_o leader_n these_o 300_o leader_n possess_v in_o rank_n 1200_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o by_o this_o opinion_n which_o i_o combat_v must_v be_v allow_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n march_v one_o after_o another_o in_o breast_n now_o in_o eight_o brigade_n there_o be_v seven_o interval_n seven_o time_n 1200_o foot_n make_v 8400_o every_o one_o of_o the_o brigade_n possess_v in_o deepness_n 36_o foot_n multiply_v 36_o by_o 8_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o brigade_n the_o product_n be_v 288._o add_v 288_o to_o 8400_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 8688_o foot_n so_o much_o distance_n there_o be_v from_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o brigade_n of_o foot_n to_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o eight_o and_o last_o take_v a_o view_n of_o our_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n each_o whereof_o shall_v consist_v inconvenient_a and_o find_v inconvenient_a of_o no_o more_o than_o 600_o be_v three_o deep_a each_o brigade_n have_v 200_o in_o front_n allow_v but_o three_o foot_n for_o every_o rider_n the_o front_n of_o each_o brigade_n possess_v 600_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o
contagious_a disease_n rage_v so_o in_o town_n and_o village_n that_o he_o dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o quarter_v his_o army_n in_o they_o when_o he_o suppose_v he_o may_v destroy_v his_o enemy_n by_o temporize_v as_o fabius_n maximus_n who_o use_v to_o subdue_v his_o enemy_n more_o with_o hunger_n than_o the_o sword_n or_o as_o sallust_n say_v the_o great_a commendation_n of_o a_o general_n be_v to_o gain_v the_o victory_n without_o blood_n or_o when_o ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o sometime_o ratio_fw-la status_fw-la make_v he_o stay_v for_o more_o of_o his_o own_o force_n or_o those_o of_o his_o friend_n and_o ally_n this_o oblige_v the_o great_a gustavus_n to_o fortify_v his_o leaguer_n and_o his_o army_n within_o they_o at_z verben_fw-ge and_o at_o nuremburg_n or_o last_o when_o he_o be_v to_o besiege_v a_o town_n fort_n or_o castle_n which_o he_o conceive_v will_v not_o very_o soon_o render_v and_o may_v rational_o expect_v succour_n and_o relief_n be_v then_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o may_v be_v more_o reason_n for_o a_o fortify_v answer_v lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomerie_n disapprobation_n answer_v leaguer_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o lovis_n de_fw-fr montgomerie_n who_o will_v only_o allow_v of_o entrench_v camp_n in_o two_o case_n when_o a_o army_n be_v near_o a_o considerable_a enemy_n and_o when_o other_o lodging_n can_v be_v have_v and_o he_o allege_v that_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o their_o hiberna_fw-la and_o some_o of_o our_o fortify_v leaguer_n will_v be_v only_o good_a in_o arabia_n the_o desert_n but_o not_o in_o a_o country_n where_o town_n village_n and_o incorporation_n may_v be_v have_v but_o beside_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v for_o entrench_v camp_n i_o shall_v say_v to_o montgomerie_n that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o many_o of_o these_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n keep_v both_o their_o winter_n and_o summer_n quarter_n be_v then_o as_o desert_n as_o arabia_n be_v now_o and_o in_o our_o time_n it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o take_v in_o village_n hamlet_n and_o castle_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o a_o fortify_v camp_n or_o if_o a_o fortify_v town_n be_v either_o behind_o or_o on_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o camp_n it_o add_v infinite_o to_o the_o strength_n and_o convenience_n of_o it_o provide_v there_o be_v no_o contagion_n or_o infectious_a disease_n within_o thaâ—_n town_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o which_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o a_o leaguer_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o open_a field_n where_o no_o town_n or_o village_n be_v and_o then_o let_v we_o see_v how_o a_o army_n can_v be_v convenient_o quarter_v in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v so_o capacious_a as_o to_o contain_v all_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v within_o it_o and_o next_o that_o there_o be_v no_o part_n or_o place_n of_o it_o redundant_fw-la or_o useless_a in_o regard_n it_o must_v be_v fortify_v and_o the_o small_a circumference_n a_o fortification_n be_v of_o the_o more_o tenible_a and_o defensible_a it_o be_v and_o the_o few_o man_n will_v maintain_v it_o but_o before_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n form_v his_o camp_n he_o shall_v be_v observant_a of_o such_o consideration_n as_o these_o which_o follow_v first_o if_o he_o can_v choose_v camp_n some_o consideration_n necessary_a before_o entrench_v a_o camp_n he_o shall_v not_o encamp_v in_o low_a ground_n for_o these_o be_v unwholesome_a of_o themselves_o and_o will_v quick_o be_v make_v worse_a next_o if_o he_o encamp_v on_o a_o hill_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v a_o river_n or_o water_n run_v by_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o and_o such_o a_o water_n who_o stream_n can_v be_v divert_v by_o the_o enemy_n for_o a_o river_n or_o deep_a run_a water_n do_v not_o only_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o camp_n but_o defend_v some_o side_n or_o part_n of_o it_o three_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a that_o his_o enemy_n have_v not_o fortify_v place_n or_o garrison_n on_o the_o side_n or_o flank_v of_o his_o camp_n much_o less_o behind_o it_o which_o may_v cut_v off_o the_o pass_v and_o avenue_n whereby_o his_o provision_n shall_v come_v four_o he_o shall_v encamp_v in_o such_o a_o place_n where_o his_o horse_n may_v not_o want_v fodder_n and_o where_o abundance_n of_o hay_n straw_n or_o grow_a corn_n may_v be_v have_v both_o to_o feed_v the_o beast_n and_o for_o the_o soldier_n to_o cover_v their_o hut_n with_o and_o to_o lie_v upon_o five_o if_o wood_n be_v not_o near_o he_o he_o shall_v lay_v down_o a_o way_n how_o wood_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o he_o abundant_o for_o fire_n to_o the_o guard_n for_o dress_v meat_n for_o bake_v and_o wash_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artillery_n for_o palisadoe_n battery_n platform_n and_o bridge_n but_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o great_a and_o thick_a wood_n be_v contiguous_a as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o lie_v within_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n of_o the_o camp_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o and_o two_o or_o three_o sconce_n or_o redoubt_n build_v where_o the_o tree_n stand_v for_o prevent_v ambush_n or_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o after_o the_o camp_n be_v plant_v and_o entrench_v the_o commander_n in_o chief_n will_v order_v provision_n magazine_n for_o provision_n strong_a convoy_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o bring_v all_o manner_n of_o victual_n provision_n and_o munition_n to_o his_o camp_n from_o these_o place_n where_o he_o have_v appoint_v magazine_n to_o be_v keep_v as_o also_o he_o shall_v appoint_v guard_n to_o convoy_n the_o empty_a cart_n wagon_n and_o horse_n back_o again_o and_o cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o use_v the_o country_n people_n kind_o and_o well_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v outrage_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v encourage_v to_o return_v the_o often_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o camp_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v its_o fortification_n camp_n defence_n of_o a_o camp_n the_o draught_n whereof_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o engineer_n by_o enclose_v it_o within_o and_o without_o the_o ditch_n with_o bulwark_n curtain_n redoubt_n sconce_n half_a moon_n and_o tenailles_fw-fr all_o which_o go_v under_o the_o general_n name_n of_o trench_n which_o word_n be_v only_o proper_a for_o the_o fortification_n of_o a_o leaguer_n and_o but_o borrow_v for_o the_o approach_n to_o besiege_a place_n the_o second_o defence_n of_o the_o leaguer_n consist_v in_o its_o guard_n and_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n the_o subject_n of_o this_o be_v the_o orderly_a dispose_n and_o give_v a_o due_a proportion_n of_o ground_n to_o every_o regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n whereon_o to_o pitch_v their_o tent_n or_o be_v what_o castrametation_n be_v build_v their_o hut_n to_o the_o general_n tent_n to_o all_o the_o general_a officer_n to_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n for_o the_o proviant-master_n and_o proviant_a to_o the_o waggonmaster_n and_o wagon_n and_o final_o to_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o army_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a and_o this_o be_v call_v castrametation_n a_o latin_a word_n which_o signify_v the_o measure_v the_o camp_n for_o the_o ground_n must_v be_v proportionable_o give_v out_o by_o a_o equal_a measure_n and_o the_o do_v it_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n this_o officer_n know_v the_o general_n pleasure_n be_v to_o give_v the_o several_a regiment_n general_n a_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o brigade_n their_o town_n village_n and_o hamlet_n for_o their_o quarter_n nor_o must_v any_o of_o they_o offer_v to_o take_v any_o other_o than_o those_o that_o be_v assign_v to_o they_o by_o he_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v though_o but_o for_o one_o night_n the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v bind_v to_o wait_v upon_o he_o and_o receive_v his_o direction_n and_o if_o they_o be_v to_o encamp_v in_o such_o a_o leaguer_n as_o that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v he_o who_o measure_v out_o to_o every_o regiment_n its_o proportion_n of_o ground_n as_o shall_v be_v present_o declare_v it_o be_v he_o likewise_o who_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o the_o old_a fortification_n and_o the_o direct_v new_a one_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o engineer_n be_v proper_o under_o he_o but_o he_o be_v to_o see_v the_o work_n and_o finish_v of_o these_o fortification_n he_o have_v frequent_o a_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n under_o duty_n his_o office_n and_o duty_n he_o his_o office_n be_v very_o honourable_a for_o by_o it_o he_o sit_v in_o all_o court_n and_o council_n of_o war._n he_o shall_v be_v a_o understand_a person_n and_o a_o good_a mathematician_n the_o old_a colonel_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n use_v to_o be_v general_a quartermaster_n but_o that_o custom_n be_v wear_v out_o
weak_a according_a to_o the_o nearness_n of_o a_o enemy_n foot_n be_v full_a and_o complete_a i_o think_v either_o in_o field_n or_o garrison_n a_o enemy_n not_o be_v near_o the_o four_o night_n duty_n be_v enough_o to_o keep_v officer_n and_o soldier_n in_o mind_n of_o their_o business_n though_o i_o know_v other_o think_v the_o three_o night_n easy_a enough_o if_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o and_o have_v not_o yet_o make_v approach_n it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o weary_a soldier_n more_o than_o be_v needful_a the_o three_o night_n watch_n will_v be_v sufficient_a for_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o number_n as_o the_o carefulness_n order_n and_o diligence_n of_o watch_n that_o preserve_v a_o camp_n town_n or_o fort_n from_o surprisal_n but_o when_o a_o enemy_n have_v invest_v the_o place_n and_o make_v approach_n more_o sentinel_n be_v requisite_a and_o consequent_o more_o man_n aught_v to_o be_v on_o the_o guard_n and_o this_o may_v bring_v the_o duty_n to_o the_o second_o night_n sometime_o i_o have_v see_v soldier_n keep_v on_o duty_n two_o night_n together_o and_o have_v only_o the_o three_o night_n allow_v they_o to_o repose_v and_o not_o to_o go_v to_o bed_n or_o put_v off_o their_o clothes_n that_o three_o night_n neither_o but_o to_o lie_v in_o readiness_n to_o run_v to_o their_o post_n so_o soon_o as_o call_v upon_o but_o when_o a_o bâ—siegeâ—_n have_v make_v gallery_n over_o the_o ditch_n it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o the_o besiege_a to_o lie_v constant_o at_o their_o several_a post_n our_o modern_a guard_n be_v as_o the_o ancient_a be_v either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n in_o the_o field_n whether_o the_o camp_n be_v fortify_v or_o not_o foot_n and_o horse_n have_v some_o guard_n appoint_v without_o the_o leaguer_n sometime_o together_o sometime_o horse_n guard_n of_o horse_n the_o horse_n without_o the_o foot_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v sentinel_n on_o horse_n back_o in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o major_a general_n or_o adjutant_n general_n shall_v appoint_v and_o these_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n be_v to_o be_v visit_v often_o by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o cavalry_n who_o be_v on_o the_o watch_n â—r_o by_o the_o lieutenant_n or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n these_o visit_n be_v ordin_fw-fr 〈…〉_o y_fw-es call_v patroâ—llies_n or_o patrovilles_n to_o distinguish_v they_o i_o think_v from_o the_o visit_n of_o the_o foot_n guard_n which_o be_v call_v round_n in_o garrison_n horseman_n be_v seldom_o require_v to_o watch_v in_o the_o night_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o siege_n but_o in_o the_o day_n time_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o ride_v out_o in_o party_n as_o strong_a and_o as_o far_o as_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v and_o this_o duty_n be_v ordinary_o call_v recognosce_v or_o beat_v the_o street_n within_o a_o leaguer_n the_o foot_n keep_v guard_n constant_o beside_o these_o outer_a post_n speak_v of_o already_o the_o guards_z within_z be_v twofold_a ordinary_a and_o twofold_a foot_n guardâ—_n twofold_a extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a be_v those_o which_o be_v keep_v within_o the_o fortification_n for_o its_o necessary_a defence_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o bastion_n curtain_n redoubt_n or_o sconce_n the_o extraordinary_a be_v such_o as_o be_v keep_v at_o the_o general_n lieutenant_z general_z or_o other_o general_a officer_n lodging_n at_o the_o proviant_a the_o wagon_n at_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n but_o observe_v that_o here_o the_o sentinel_n must_v stand_v with_o pike_n for_o be_v so_o near_o powder_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v burn_a match_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o take_v tabaco_n there_o be_v also_o two_o kind_n of_o sentinel_n extraordinary_a sentinel_n and_o ordinary_a one_o the_o extraordinary_a sentinel_n be_v those_o we_o call_v forlorn_a the_o word_n we_o horrid_a forlorn_a sentinel_n or_o perdues_z of_o horrid_a have_v from_o the_o dutch_a which_o signify_v lose_v the_o french_a call_v they_o perdues_z which_o be_v the_o same_o there_o be_v of_o they_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o first_o sit_v on_o horse_n back_o with_o his_o ordinary_a arm_n the_o foot_n perdue_n lie_v on_o his_o belly_n but_o have_v foot_n forlorn_a sentinel_n of_o foot_n neither_o musket_n fusee_fw-fr or_o carabine_n only_o a_o sword_n draw_v and_o if_o he_o be_v master_n of_o a_o dagger_n and_o a_o pistol_n he_o may_v have_v they_o too_o he_o be_v call_v lose_v because_o he_o be_v put_v in_o the_o most_o dangerous_a place_n and_o near_a the_o enemy_n neither_o be_v he_o to_o come_v back_o if_o he_o be_v only_o attack_v by_o one_o man_n if_o by_o two_o he_o may_v retire_v to_o the_o next_o perdue_n if_o there_o be_v any_o but_o if_o a_o great_a number_n than_o two_o come_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o run_v quick_o and_o alarm_n that_o guard_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v in_o this_o place_n speak_v of_o a_o alarm_n i_o wonder_v why_o monsieur_n de_fw-fr gaya_n in_o the_o 82_o page_n of_o his_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o garrison_n when_o alarm_n be_v beat_v or_o sound_v all_o soldier_n shall_v first_o meet_v at_o their_o captain_n house_n and_o from_o thence_o march_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o to_o maintain_v this_o to_o i_o seem_v very_o strange_a doctrine_n unless_o he_o have_v assurance_n that_o a_o enemy_n will_v neither_o enter_v nor_o scalade_n till_o his_o soldier_n first_o very_o fair_o meet_v at_o their_o captain_n lodging_n and_o then_o march_v to_o their_o post_n but_o by_o his_o favour_n i_o hold_v it_o more_o convenient_a that_o the_o soldier_n run_v as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v though_o man_n by_o man_n â—_o la_fw-fr desbandad_o direct_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rampart_n or_o retrenchment_n ordain_v for_o they_o to_o defend_v common_o call_v post_n or_o alarm-place_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o captain_n quarter_n we_o make_v it_o the_o sergeant_n duty_n to_o place_v the_o foot_n perdues_z at_o these_o post_n appoint_v by_o the_o sergeant_n major_n but_o i_o have_v know_v it_o do_v by_o the_o furâ—r_n or_o caporal_a of_o the_o gentleman_n and_o where_o such_o a_o officer_n be_v allow_v it_o seem_v to_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n and_o not_o to_o the_o sergeant_n who_o have_v employment_n enough_o beside_o he_o who_o be_v to_o be_v perdue_n shall_v be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n who_o the_o french_a call_n appoint_v and_o where_o these_o have_v no_o allowance_n of_o pay_n the_o captain_n shall_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o who_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o behaviour_n he_o conceive_v most_o fit_a for_o that_o employment_n the_o furer_n or_o sergeant_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o forlorn_a to_o his_o post_n and_o bring_v the_o other_o away_o with_o he_o he_o be_v also_o oblige_v frequent_o to_o visit_v his_o perdues_z for_o veâ—y_n often_o if_o they_o be_v not_o vigilant_a they_o be_v steal_v away_o bâ—_n a_o active_a enemy_n and_o therefore_o no_o perdues_z either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v entrust_v with_o the_o word_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o give_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v take_v a_o better_a order_n in_o my_o opinion_n than_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n who_o entrust_v their_o common_a soldier_n with_o the_o tessera_fw-la our_o forlorn_a sentinel_n be_v much_o use_v in_o the_o field_n when_o two_o army_n lyâ—_n near_o other_o wait_v their_o advantage_n but_o they_o be_v especial_o make_v use_n of_o at_o sieges_n of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n the_o ordinary_a sentinel_n if_o he_o belong_v to_o the_o cavalry_n stand_v on_o horseback_n foot_n ordinary_a sentinel_n of_o horse_n of_o foot_n the_o footman_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o camp_n town_n or_o garrison_n stand_v with_o his_o ordinary_a arm_n it_o be_v true_a i_o have_v see_v gentleman_n of_o company_n stand_v with_o draw_v sword_n at_o the_o chamber-door_n of_o prince_n when_o they_o have_v be_v visit_v garrison_n but_o notwithstanding_o that_o all_o foot_n soldier_n shall_v stand_v without_o duty_n their_o duty_n door_n with_o their_o ordinary_a arm_n whether_o tâ—â—_n be_v pike_n or_o musket_n when_o they_o be_v sentinel_n and_o constant_o at_o their_o seâ—â—â—nel_n posture_n neither_o shall_v any_o of_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o set_v down_o their_o arm_n the_o whole_a time_n they_o be_v on_o that_o duty_n but_o if_o they_o be_v weary_a they_o may_v shoulder_v their_o pike_n or_o musket_n and_o walk_v to_o and_o fro_o with_o they_o and_o so_o refresh_v themselves_o but_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o commissionated_a officer_n they_o be_v immediate_o to_o return_v to_o their_o sentinel-posture_n yet_o they_o be_v never_o suffer_v to_o set_v their_o arm_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n but_o this_o be_v too_o much_o connive_v at_o by_o officer_n who_o thereby_o show_v
guard_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v soldier_n will_v not_o offer_v to_o go_v home_o to_o look_v for_o their_o meat_n officer_n servant_n shall_v bring_v their_o victual_n to_o they_o and_o soldier_n wife_n shall_v carry_v their_o husband_n meat_n to_o they_o if_o they_o have_v wife_n if_o not_o their_o comrade_n shall_v do_v it_o watch_n be_v set_v they_o shall_v have_v house_n wherein_o they_o may_v shelter_v themselves_o from_o rain_n snow_n cold_a or_o excessive_a heat_n and_o fire_n shall_v be_v in_o they_o even_o in_o summer_n for_o kindle_v of_o match_n these_o house_n we_o ordinary_o call_v court_n of_o guard_n which_o some_o do_v not_o like_a but_o i_o think_v they_o be_v wrong_v for_o a_o what_o corpse_n de_fw-fr guard_n what_o corpse_n de_fw-fr guard_n in_o english_a signify_v the_o body_n of_o a_o guard_n which_o may_v be_v in_o a_o open_a field_n or_o street_n or_o where_o man_n may_v sit_v stand_v or_o lie_v and_o so_o the_o corpse_n de_fw-fr guard_n can_v proper_o 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it_o be_v for_o that_o that_o he_o who_o command_v a_o victorious_a army_n shall_v not_o in_o sloth_n pass_v away_o his_o time_n but_o improve_v his_o victory_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o his_o master_n and_o not_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o whereof_o one_o of_o the_o great_a captain_n among_o the_o ancient_n hannibal_n be_v tax_v that_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v victory_n whereof_o two_o other_o one_o before_o he_o and_o another_o after_o he_o can_v never_o be_v accuse_v and_o those_o be_v the_o great_a alexander_n and_o the_o great_a julius_n caesar_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o retreat_n to_o retire_v after_o a_o battle_n or_o a_o brisk_a rencounter_n lead_v i_o to_o speak_v of_o retreat_n next_o the_o sight_v well_o and_o win_v of_o a_o battle_n the_o three_o great_a
and_o get_v he_o away_o with_o all_o possible_a speed_n and_o make_v his_o retreat_n good_a notwithstanding_o pompey_n pursuit_n at_o the_o river_n genuso_n with_o his_o horse_n mix_v with_o foot_n but_o i_o find_v that_o for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o day_n he_o retire_v still_o send_v his_o baggage_n constant_o before_o and_o follow_v with_o his_o army_n in_o the_o night_n and_o what_o stand_v he_o make_v to_o face_n the_o enemy_n behind_o he_o be_v all_o in_o the_o day_n time_n nor_o have_v prince_n and_o great_a captain_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n think_v it_o dishonourable_a to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o that_o famous_a carthaginian_a and_o those_o illustrious_a saxe_n charles_n the_o five_o from_o the_o duke_n of_o saxe_n roman_n in_o make_v their_o retreat_n in_o the_o nighttime_n whereof_o i_o shall_v not_o weary_v you_o with_o more_o instance_n than_o three_o the_o victorious_a emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o find_v himself_o not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o fight_v maurice_n duke_n of_o saxe_n who_o be_v get_v very_o near_o he_o before_o he_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o his_o march_n retire_v with_o great_a silence_n in_o the_o night_n time_n from_o inspruck_a for_o haste_n leave_v some_o of_o his_o householdstuff_n behind_o he_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o france_n have_v victual_v the_o besiege_a town_n of_o landrecy_n in_o view_n of_o both_o the_o imperial_a and_o english_a five_o francis_n the_o first_o from_o charles_n the_o five_o army_n march_v twelve_o league_n baâ—k_v to_o guise_n where_o he_o stay_v till_o the_o emperor_n come_v in_o person_n who_o march_v with_o a_o puissant_a army_n to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n but_o francis_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o engagement_n leave_v some_o tent_n and_o baggage_n and_o many_o fire_n and_o in_o the_o night_n without_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n retire_v to_o place_n of_o safety_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o brave_a action_n that_o ever_o be_v do_v by_o that_o martial_a king_n yet_o some_o blame_v he_o perhaps_o with_o reason_n for_o stay_v the_o emperor_n come_v after_o he_o have_v relieve_v the_o town_n which_o be_v his_o only_a errand_n wallenstein_n duke_n of_o friedland_n fight_v the_o sweedish_a army_n at_o weymar_n wallenstein_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o weymar_n lutsen_n till_o night_n part_v they_o and_o though_o he_o know_v the_o king_n be_v kill_v and_o that_o his_o own_o force_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o the_o duke_n of_o weymars_n yet_o know_v his_o own_o want_n he_o resolve_v to_o retire_v and_o do_v it_o that_o same_o night_n without_o noise_n of_o trumpet_n or_o drum_n and_o leave_v some_o cannon_n behind_o he_o and_o though_o he_o stay_v next_o day_n at_o leipsick_a yet_o the_o night_n after_o he_o get_v he_o away_o and_o make_v but_o short_a stay_n at_o any_o place_n till_o he_o come_v to_o prague_n where_o he_o put_v himself_o in_o a_o posture_n to_o meet_v and_o fight_v that_o enemy_n from_o who_o he_o think_v it_o then_o fit_a to_o retire_v but_o many_o who_o have_v prefer_v a_o vain_a punctilio_fw-la of_o honour_n to_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o army_n have_v lose_v both_o their_o army_n and_o their_o honour_n whereof_o take_v only_o two_o instance_n after_o lautrec_n captain_n general_n of_o the_o french_a army_n have_v obstinate_o continue_v the_o siege_n of_o naples_n notwithstanding_o that_o a_o pestilentious_a disease_n have_v consume_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o make_v the_o rest_n unserviceable_a whereof_o he_o die_v himself_o the_o marquis_n of_o salusses_n who_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o command_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o other_o prime_a officer_n resolve_v to_o quit_v the_o siege_n and_o retire_v to_o anversa_n where_o a_o french_a garrison_n lie_v three_o league_n from_o the_o camp_n in_o pursuance_n whereof_o know_v their_o danger_n since_o the_o imperialist_n be_v very_o strong_a within_o the_o city_n command_v by_o two_o great_a captain_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o davalo_n marquis_n of_o guast_o they_o divide_v their_o infirm_a and_o sickly_a army_n equal_o into_o three_o part_n foot_n and_o horse_n mix_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o with_o every_o batallion_n appoint_v three_o falconet_n leave_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o artillery_n and_o baggage_n in_o their_o leaguer_n as_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n at_o break_v of_o day_n they_o march_v without_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n and_o a_o tempestuous_a rain_n fall_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n hinder_v the_o imperial_a sentinel_n and_o guard_n for_o a_o great_a while_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o french_a retreat_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o be_v overtake_v by_o 500_o horse_n and_o some_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n and_o though_o the_o last_o batallion_n of_o the_o french_a fire_v and_o fight_v right_o well_o yet_o do_v the_o imperial_a horse_n increase_v in_o number_n fierce_o charge_v they_o and_o rout_n they_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o second_o batallion_n likewise_o kill_v and_o take_v all_o those_o naples_n error_n in_o the_o fâ—ench_a retreat_n from_o naples_n of_o the_o first_o batallion_n by_o a_o speedy_a march_n get_v to_o anversa_n and_o save_v themselves_o till_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v and_o make_v they_o render_v on_o discretion_n now_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o if_o the_o marquis_n have_v begin_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n or_o at_o midnight_n for_o it_o be_v in_o autumn_n he_o have_v undoubted_o bring_v his_o army_n safe_a to_o anversa_n for_o his_o rear_n will_v have_v be_v soon_o by_o that_o account_n at_o that_o place_n than_o his_o van_n be_v which_o come_v safe_o though_o it_o begin_v not_o to_o march_v till_o break_v of_o day_n and_o by_o the_o bargain_n he_o have_v save_v his_o own_o life_n for_o there_o he_o get_v his_o mortal_a wound_n whereof_o he_o die_v the_o second_o instance_n be_v of_o piter_n strozzi_n a_o florentine_a who_o command_v in_o 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to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n out_o after_o he_o have_v come_v over_o the_o wall_n confuse_o this_o interval_n all_o ancient_a town_n have_v and_o they_o call_v it_o pomaerium_fw-la for_o they_o have_v two_o of_o they_o one_o before_z or_o without_o and_o another_o within_o the_o wall_n three_o if_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v to_o the_o shambles_n which_o in_o sieges_n be_v no_o extraordinary_a case_n the_o horseman_n may_v either_o have_v a_o post_n give_v they_o to_o defend_v or_o they_o may_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o foot_n when_o count_n nauso_n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o a_o imperial_a general_n storm_v peronne_n after_o a_o great_a breach_n make_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o it_o he_o be_v beat_v off_o by_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v belong_v to_o the_o lord_n florenge_n who_o leave_v their_o horse_n and_o in_o full_a harness_n with_o pike_n partisan_n and_o halberd_n maintain_v the_o breach_n two_o hour_n till_o they_o be_v relieve_v and_o i_o have_v see_v 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appoint_v every_o curtain_n of_o this_o fort_n to_o be_v five_o hundred_o foot_n long_o a_o engineer_n may_v make_v it_o short_a or_o long_o as_o he_o please_v by_o this_o account_n eight_o curtain_n take_v four_o thousand_o foot_n every_o flank_n shall_v have_v the_o allowance_n of_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o there_o be_v sixteen_o flank_n in_o our_o fort_n they_o require_v sixteen_o hundred_o foot_n for_o the_o face_n of_o every_o bulwark_n shall_v be_v allow_v three_o hundred_o foot_n and_o there_o be_v sixteen_o face_n in_o the_o fort_n they_o must_v have_v four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n add_v these_o three_o number_n 4000_o 1600_o and_o 4800_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 10400_o foot_n allow_v then_o one_o soldier_n to_o maintain_v two_o foot_n of_o ground_n of_o this_o town_n you_o shall_v need_v 5200_o man_n but_o if_o you_o will_v allow_v six_o soldier_n to_o every_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n than_o you_o must_v have_v 6120_o foot_n soldier_n to_o maintain_v this_o octogon_n without_o mention_v octogon_n how_o many_o requisite_a to_o defend_v a_o octogon_n any_o of_o its_o outwork_n and_o how_o necessary_a these_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o dispute_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o long_o a_o enemy_n can_v be_v keep_v from_o the_o principal_a fort_n he_o be_v at_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n man_n munition_n and_o expense_n and_o consequent_o the_o long_a time_n be_v gain_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o who_o the_o besiege_a place_n belong_v to_o provide_v for_o its_o relief_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n many_o outwork_n require_v many_o man_n to_o maintain_v they_o many_o man_n require_v much_o meat_n and_o the_o short_a time_n meat_n last_v the_o soon_o will_v the_o outer-work_n outer-work_n fort_n give_v over_o beside_o the_o moulder_a away_o of_o man_n in_o outwork_n huge_o weaken_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o fort_n itself_o neither_o be_v these_o outwork_n of_o a_o old_a date_n if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o cardinal_n bentivoglio_n say_v that_o maurice_n prince_n of_o orange_n first_o add_v they_o to_o fortification_n i_o dare_v not_o believe_v this_o for_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v not_o above_o sixty_o four_o year_n since_o maurice_n be_v captain_n general_n of_o a_o army_n but_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o octogon_n of_o we_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n for_o who_o the_o fort_n hold_v out_o and_o more_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o that_o fort._n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o fort._n same_o persuasion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n with_o the_o garrison_n soldier_n than_o few_o soldier_n will_v serve_v perhaps_o by_o half_a for_o those_o burgess_n within_o the_o wall_n will_v fight_v stout_o for_o their_o wife_n child_n good_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v pro_fw-la aris_fw-la &_o focis_fw-la but_o if_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v and_o that_o the_o citizen_n be_v to_o be_v mistrust_v the_o governor_n have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o double_a enemy_n a_o avow_v and_o open_a one_o without_o and_o a_o secret_a yet_o a_o certain_a one_o within_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v need_n of_o both_o more_o man_n and_o more_o strict_a watch_n neither_o must_v he_o fail_v to_o disarm_v these_o inhabitant_n and_o command_v they_o for_o most_o part_n to_o keep_v within_o door_n but_o in_o such_o case_n citadel_n be_v ordinary_a these_o fortress_n that_o be_v by_o nature_n strong_a as_o situate_v on_o a_o hill_n or_o flank_v with_o some_o inaccessible_a and_o steep_a rock_n or_o help_v by_o the_o nearness_n of_o some_o river_n or_o marsh_n beside_o their_o artificial_a fortification_n will_v need_v by_o a_o great_a deal_n few_o man_n and_o so_o be_v defend_v at_o a_o far_o less_o expense_n the_o number_n of_o these_o soldier_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v without_o officer_n neither_o be_v you_o to_o imagine_v that_o in_o storm_n or_o assault_v all_o the_o parapet_n how_o musketeer_n shall_v fire_v from_o a_o parapet_n soldier_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o one_o rank_n or_o row_n on_o the_o bulwark_n or_o the_o curtain_n for_o at_o that_o rate_n two_o foot_n be_v allow_v to_o every_o man_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v room_n to_o handle_v their_o arm_n neither_o shall_v their_o give_a fire_n be_v successive_a as_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o time_n of_o storm_n soldier_n appoint_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o a_o post_n shall_v be_v draw_v up_o three_o deep_a or_o in_o three_o rank_n that_o when_o one_o rank_n have_v give_v fire_n over_o the_o parapet_n it_o may_v descend_v and_o the_o second_o mount_v the_o foot-bank_n and_o after_o it_o the_o three_o the_o three_o thing_n requisite_a for_o a_o besiege_a place_n be_v money_n and_o so_o long_o as_o there_o money_n money_n be_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o garrison_n and_o meat_n and_o drink_n to_o buy_v for_o that_o money_n the_o public_a magazine_n of_o proviant_a shall_v not_o be_v touch_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n many_o governors_n cause_n brass_n to_o be_v coin_a some_o leather_n and_o order_v it_o to_o pass_v for_o currant_n money_n engage_v thereafter_o to_o give_v good_a coin_n for_o it_o so_o do_v toyras_n marshal_n of_o france_n forty_o year_n ago_o when_o he_o be_v besiege_v in_o casal_n by_o the_o famous_a marquis_n spinola_n yet_o a_o governor_n shall_v always_o reserve_v if_o he_o can_v a_o stock_n of_o money_n unspent_a for_o all_o accident_n as_o know_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o siege_n will_v increase_v with_o time_n for_o though_o loyalty_n duty_n reputation_n good_a word_n and_o hope_n prevail_v frequent_o with_o soldier_n to_o stand_v out_o against_o all_o hardship_n and_o difficulty_n manful_o yet_o as_o the_o french_a say_v argent_fw-fr faict_n tout_fw-fr sieges_n great_a use_n for_o it_o in_o sieges_n money_n do_v all_o intelligence_n be_v buy_v with_o money_n
fellow_n will_v be_v hire_v with_o money_n to_o go_v through_o the_o strict_a close_a and_o best_a guard_a approach_n and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o do_v in_o time_n of_o a_o sally_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o if_o the_o intelligencer_n have_v agree_v with_o the_o governor_n concern_v the_o precise_a time_n of_o his_o return_n another_o sally_n be_v make_v for_o his_o reception_n at_o the_o time_n of_o a_o desperate_a sally_n at_o the_o reparation_n of_o a_o dangerous_a breach_n at_o the_o work_n of_o retrench_v in_o time_n of_o a_o furious_a cannonade_n or_o when_o a_o assault_n be_v assure_o expect_v a_o largess_n of_o money_n with_o large_a promise_n of_o more_o have_v a_o wonderful_a influence_n upon_o the_o heart_n of_o soldier_n nor_o shall_v a_o governor_n spare_v in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o inhabitant_n a_o governor_n may_v borrow_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n borrow_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o if_o they_o be_v disaffect_v he_o may_v force_v they_o to_o lend_v and_o if_o they_o be_v friend_n it_o will_v not_o be_v time_n for_o they_o to_o hoard_v up_o their_o money_n when_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v all_o as_o the_o unhappy_a constantinopolitan_o do_v when_o sultan_n mahomet_n take_v their_o city_n by_o assault_n the_o four_o and_o five_o thing_n requisite_a for_o a_o garrison_n be_v munition_n of_o war_n ammunition_n ammunition_n and_o arms._n powder_n match_n and_o ball_n shall_v be_v frugal_o husband_v or_o free_o spend_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o store_n wherewith_o the_o fort_n be_v provide_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v lavish_v away_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o siege_n nor_o shall_v it_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o time_n of_o zap_n batteries_n gallery_n and_o assault_n but_o no_o needless_a waste_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o for_o this_o purpose_n a_o considerable_a magazine_n of_o ammunition_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o all_o fort_n especial_o in_o frontier_n garrison_n where_o the_o attack_z of_o a_o enemy_n be_v soon_o expect_v for_o many_o time_n to_o supply_v this_o want_n great_a hazard_n be_v run_v to_o convoy_n horse_n man_n into_o the_o besiege_a place_n who_o carry_v leather_n bag_n full_a of_o powder_n on_o the_o croup_n of_o their_o horse_n our_o fort_n shall_v likewise_o be_v provide_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o arm_n defensive_a and_o offensive_a pike_n half-pike_n halberd_n partisan_n two-handed_a sword_n hangman_n arms._n arms._n sword_n morning-star_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o firework_n and_o hand-granadoe_n for_o resist_v a_o storm_n against_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v prepare_v also_o huge_a balk_n and_o log_n of_o timber_n tie_v to_o post_n with_o rope_n or_o chain_n to_o let_v fall_v over_o and_o pull_v up_o again_o for_o these_o as_o likewise_o a_o great_a number_n of_o great_a and_o lesser_a stone_n do_v good_a service_n in_o time_n of_o assault_n when_o a_o enemy_n be_v mount_v either_o the_o curtain_n or_o bulwark_n and_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o shot_n unless_o from_o the_o flank_n which_o for_o most_o part_n be_v make_v useless_a by_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n before_o the_o assault_n we_o read_v even_o since_o the_o invention_n of_o powder_n what_o use_v our_o ancestor_n make_v of_o melt_a lead_n scald_a water_n and_o boil_a oil_n in_o time_n of_o assault_n at_o which_o lovis_n the_o montgomery_n in_o his_o french_a milece_n make_v good_a sport_n and_o say_v the_o defendant_n have_v as_o good_a throw_v handful_n of_o ash_n at_o their_o enemy_n but_o i_o be_o nothing_o opinion_n lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomery_n his_o opinion_n of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o experience_n be_v silent_a both_o reason_n and_o sense_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o fire_n do_v more_o hurt_n than_o ash_n and_o be_v not_o burn_v fire_n in_o all_o these_o i_o speak_v of_o scald_a water_n no_o question_n do_v mischief_n and_o may_v be_v use_v with_o no_o other_o expense_n than_o fire_n but_o lead_v and_o oil_n be_v chargeable_a and_o may_v i_o think_v be_v employ_v for_o better_a and_o more_o proper_a use_n the_o six_o and_o last_o but_o not_o the_o least_o requisite_a and_o necessary_a thing_n for_o a_o besiege_a mouth_n munition_n for_o the_o mouth_n place_n be_v munition_n for_o the_o mouth_n without_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n signify_v nothing_o what_o several_a provision_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n presuppose_v there_o be_v water_n enough_o in_o the_o fort_n be_v necessary_a for_o a_o garrison_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n where_o i_o have_v discourse_v of_o proviant_a the_o question_n be_v now_o what_o quantity_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v store_v up_o in_o a_o garrison_n that_o apprehend_v a_o siege_n there_o be_v some_o who_o think_v that_o six_o month_n provision_n be_v enough_o and_o drink_n for_o how_o long_o time_n a_o town_n shall_v be_v provide_v with_o meat_n and_o drink_n of_o these_o lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomery_n be_v one_o because_o say_v they_o in_o that_o time_n either_o the_o winter_n season_n will_v force_v the_o besieger_n to_o remove_v or_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o place_n will_v be_v attempt_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o belong_v but_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n the_o contrary_a of_o both_o though_o we_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n other_o speak_v of_o three_o year_n provision_n and_o this_o do_v well_o but_o the_o governor_n when_o he_o be_v not_o besiege_v shall_v every_o year_n lie_v in_o one_o year_n fresh_a provision_n cause_v the_o soldier_n to_o eat_v and_o pay_v for_o that_o which_o be_v old_a i_o believe_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o a_o garrison_n shall_v be_v provide_v with_o meat_n and_o drink_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n at_o least_o and_o no_o soon_o shall_v a_o provident_a governor_n foresee_v or_o apprehend_v a_o siege_n whereof_o he_o may_v have_v many_o ground_n for_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n but_o he_o shall_v command_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o provide_v themselves_o of_o a_o â—â—â—â—_o citizen_n to_o provide_v a_o year_n â—â—â—â—_o whole_a year_n food_n and_o maintenance_n that_o his_o public_a store_n may_v be_v preserve_v for_o the_o soldiery_n and_o all_o citizen_n who_o be_v either_o unable_a or_o unwilling_a to_o do_v so_o as_o also_o all_o unnecessary_a people_n shall_v be_v command_v to_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o town_n or_o fort._n but_o after_o a_o place_n be_v invest_v and_o the_o siege_n form_v it_o be_v i_o think_v a_o act_n of_o inhumanity_n to_o thrust_v out_o the_o inhabitant_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v time_n to_o provide_v themselves_o yea_o i_o think_v it_o be_v more_o mercy_n to_o cut_v their_o throat_n within_o than_o to_o send_v they_o out_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o a_o enemy_n will_v suffer_v they_o to_o pass_v but_o will_v force_v they_o back_o to_o the_o town-ditche_n where_o they_o may_v lamentable_o languish_v and_o starve_v to_o death_n such_o a_o action_n as_o this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v a_o eternal_a blemish_n to_o the_o reputation_n of_o monluc_n that_o famous_a marshal_n of_o monluc_n a_o merciless_a act_n of_o marshal_n monluc_n france_n who_o after_o sienna_n whereof_o he_o be_v governor_n have_v be_v strict_o besiege_v shut_v out_o of_o the_o city_n four_o thousand_o inhabitant_n man_n and_o woman_n young_a and_o old_a the_o marquis_n of_o martignan_n who_o command_v the_o emperor_n and_o cosmo_n di_fw-fr medici_n force_n cause_v all_o these_o miserable_a wretch_n to_o be_v chase_v back_o to_o the_o ditch_n monluc_n will_v receive_v none_o of_o they_o within_o the_o town_n some_o lusty_a strong_a fellow_n break_v through_o martignan_n trench_n and_o escape_v many_o woman_n and_o maid_n be_v private_o contrary_a to_o the_o marquis_n his_o command_n take_v into_o tent_n and_o hut_n to_o satiate_v the_o lust_n of_o the_o spaniard_n but_o there_o dye_v of_o they_o of_o mere_a hunger_n near_o three_o thousand_o upon_o this_o woeful_a occasion_n the_o same_o monluc_n in_o his_o commentary_n have_v this_o expression_n these_o be_v say_v he_o the_o merciless_a law_n of_o war_n we_o must_v be_v many_o time_n cruel_a to_o disappoint_v our_o enemy_n god_n be_v merciful_a to_o we_o for_o do_v so_o great_a mischief_n indeed_o he_o have_v reason_n to_o cry_v for_o god_n mercy_n for_o commit_v so_o horrible_a a_o wickedness_n but_o in_o what_o codex_fw-la do_v he_o read_v of_o such_o a_o law_n of_o war_n nay_o where_o do_v he_o hear_v of_o such_o a_o custom_n of_o war_n strange_a it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o expel_v and_o expose_v those_o to_o a_o merciless_a death_n who_o he_o nor_o none_o else_o have_v appoint_v to_o provide_v for_o a_o siege_n and_o who_o he_o may_v have_v expel_v before_o the_o siege_n be_v form_v that_o they_o may_v have_v shift_v for_o themselves_o or_o beg_v through_o italy_n for_o bread_n if_o ever_o
there_o be_v a_o precedent_n for_o this_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imitate_v by_o one_o who_o profess_v the_o name_n of_o christ_n and_o that_o which_o make_v this_o action_n of_o his_o altogether_o inexcusable_a be_v that_o he_o expect_v no_o succour_n inexcusable_a and_o altogether_o inexcusable_a for_o after_o he_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v the_o town_n wherein_o many_o of_o those_o citizen_n who_o he_o permit_v to_o stay_v be_v consume_v with_o famine_n and_o the_o remnant_n of_o his_o soldier_n so_o hunger-starve_a that_o they_o look_v like_o skeleton_n he_o confess_v in_o the_o first_o tome_n of_o his_o commentary_n that_o he_o can_v never_o think_v of_o what_o he_o do_v but_o with_o a_o sad_a affliction_n of_o spirit_n for_o his_o folly_n he_o shall_v have_v say_v vanity_n and_o arrogance_n in_o reduce_v that_o noble_a city_n and_o his_o own_o soldiery_n to_o the_o last_o morsel_n of_o bread_n and_o submit_v they_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o a_o incense_a enemy_n when_o he_o 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for_o cure_v both_o sickness_n and_o wound_n for_o the_o inspection_n whereof_o some_o skilful_a physician_n shall_v be_v entertain_v our_o fortify_v place_n be_v it_o never_o so_o strong_a be_v but_o a_o dead_a body_n till_o man_n be_v put_v into_o it_o and_o then_o we_o may_v say_v it_o have_v live_v member_n whereof_o victual_n be_v the_o nutriment_n and_o munition_n of_o war_n arm_n and_o money_n shall_v be_v the_o supporter_n in_o this_o body_n to_o make_v it_o serviceable_a to_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v the_o creator_n of_o fortress_n a_o governor_n of_o a_o fortress_n it_o a_o rational_a soul_n must_v be_v infuse_v and_o that_o soul_n shall_v be_v call_v the_o governor_n and_o of_o he_o i_o may_v say_v almost_o as_o i_o say_v in_o another_o place_n of_o a_o captain_n general_n that_o such_o a_o governor_n as_o many_o in_o their_o discourse_n and_o some_o in_o their_o write_n describe_v be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o no_o country_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o utopia_n or_o to_o be_v read_v of_o in_o any_o book_n except_o romance_n he_o must_v say_v they_o have_v a_o universal_a knowledge_n of_o fortification_n and_o gunnery_n he_o must_v be_v very_o wise_a of_o a_o ready_a he_o a_o notional_a description_n of_o he_o judgement_n and_o a_o great_a memory_n he_o shall_v be_v affable_a and_o courteous_a yet_o severe_a eloquent_a vigilant_a sober_a temperate_a religious_a loyal_a above_o measure_n courageous_a and_o indefatigable_a this_o seem_v to_o be_v enough_o but_o there_o must_v be_v more_o he_o must_v be_v a_o old_a experience_a captain_n and_o one_o who_o have_v give_v good_a proof_n that_o he_o can_v both_o take_v and_o defend_v fortify_v place_n this_o be_v a_o very_a strange_a qualification_n for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o governor_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v one_o before_o he_o shall_v never_o be_v one_o in_o his_o life_n it_o need_v therefore_o to_o be_v restrict_v thus_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v choose_v to_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o frontier_n town_n or_o a_o royal_a fortification_n unless_o he_o have_v former_o well_o defend_v some_o fort_n or_o castle_n of_o lesser_a importance_n have_v the_o real_a qualification_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o truth_n be_v much_o of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o place_n depend_v on_o the_o governor_n and_o therefore_o he_o shall_v be_v no_o novice_n in_o military_a affair_n but_o for_o all_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o old_a man_n for_o age_n waste_v that_o natural_a vigour_n which_o be_v require_v in_o a_o man_n of_o his_o charge_n and_o make_v he_o unable_a for_o that_o fatigue_n which_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o undergo_v as_o to_o his_o experience_n i_o think_v it_o be_v enough_o if_o he_o have_v be_v at_o two_o or_o three_o sieges_n and_o within_o one_o or_o two_o besiege_a place_n provide_v he_o be_v of_o a_o quick_a apprehension_n and_o judgement_n for_o such_o a_o one_o will_v learn_v more_o at_o one_o sight_n than_o other_o will_v do_v at_o twenty_o he_o shall_v understand_v the_o general_a rule_n of_o fortification_n and_o gunnery_n he_o shall_v be_v of_o a_o jocund_a and_o jovial_a humour_n for_o when_o soldier_n who_o be_v besiege_v look_v on_o their_o governor_n and_o see_v he_o sullen_a who_o perhaps_o natural_o be_v so_o they_o fancy_v he_o be_v conscious_a of_o some_o defect_n weakness_n or_o danger_n whereof_o they_o know_v nothing_o he_o shall_v be_v very_o courageous_a and_o though_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o save_v himself_o from_o all_o needless_a danger_n yet_o in_o assault_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v shy_a to_o expose_v his_o person_n to_o the_o most_o eminent_a peril_n for_o his_o presence_n do_v exceed_o animate_v those_o who_o be_v hazard_v their_o life_n in_o that_o piece_n of_o service_n if_o this_o be_v true_a as_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v than_o those_o be_v mistake_v governor_n a_o coward_n a_o have_v governor_n who_o think_v a_o coward_n a_o fitâ—_n person_n to_o be_v a_o governor_n because_o his_o constant_a fear_n will_v 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in_o the_o garrison_n it_o be_v fit_v the_o colonel_n lieutenant_n colonel_n and_o major_n be_v man_n of_o good_a understanding_n and_o experience_n that_o if_o either_o the_o governor_n or_o any_o of_o they_o chance_n to_o die_v which_o frequent_o fall_v out_o those_o who_o succeed_v to_o they_o by_o their_o antiquity_n or_o priority_n of_o place_n may_v be_v endue_v with_o those_o qualification_n that_o be_v suitable_a to_o their_o trust_n and_o charge_n be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o qualification_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o those_o who_o be_v to_o assist_v he_o let_v we_o in_o the_o next_o place_n take_v a_o view_n of_o those_o duty_n he_o owe_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o siege_n before_o the_o danger_n be_v near_o he_o governor_n duty_n of_o a_o governor_n shall_v destroy_v all_o the_o suburb_n for_o those_o
be_v the_o cutthroat_n of_o fortress_n all_o mill_n house_n of_o pleasure_n tree_n yard_n garden_n barn_n enclosure_n hedge_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o under_o or_o by_o which_o he_o conceive_v a_o enemy_n may_v be_v shelter_v or_o make_v his_o approach_n more_o easy_a and_o this_o he_o shall_v do_v betimes_o that_o before_o a_o enemy_n arrival_n all_o within_o two_o hundred_o pace_n of_o the_o counterscarp_n may_v be_v a_o esplanad_n for_o true_o when_o the_o besiege_v army_n advance_v near_o the_o town_n i_o fort._n to_o make_v all_o plain_a without_o the_o fort._n know_v not_o what_o good_a it_o be_v or_o can_v do_v to_o burn_v house_n which_o indeed_o be_v quick_o do_v but_o the_o wall_n of_o those_o house_n stand_v gives_z as_o good_a and_o as_o easy_a shelter_n though_o not_o so_o good_a a_o accommodation_n as_o the_o house_n do_v next_o the_o governor_n be_v to_o divide_v all_o his_o man_n into_o several_a post_n allow_v so_o many_o to_o the_o post_n to_o divide_v it_o in_o several_a post_n defence_n of_o each_o according_a to_o the_o strength_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o place_n change_v nightly_o if_o he_o can_v for_o fear_n of_o treachery_n withal_o he_o shall_v keep_v a_o strong_a reserve_v constant_o in_o the_o marketplace_n to_o make_v use_n of_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v direction_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o siege_n he_o be_v to_o discharge_v all_o private_a parley_n parley_n to_o discharge_v private_a parley_n and_o discourse_n with_o those_o who_o be_v without_o some_o discharge_v all_o song_n and_o whistling_n the_o strike_n of_o clock_n and_o ring_v of_o bell_n that_o thereby_o no_o secret_a sign_n or_o advertizement_n former_o agree_v on_o may_v be_v give_v he_o be_v bind_v toil_n to_o spare_v the_o soldier_n from_o unnecessary_a toil_n to_o spare_v his_o soldier_n from_o toil_n and_o fatigue_n as_o much_o as_o possible_o he_o may_v and_o it_o be_v well_o if_o he_o can_v order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o they_o may_v 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shall_v be_v resolute_o make_v and_o the_o retreat_n from_o they_o orderly_o in_o the_o time_n of_o they_o the_o ordnance_n from_o the_o bastion_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v play_v lusty_o upon_o the_o approach_n where_o the_o sallier_n be_v not_o and_o over_o all_o the_o approach_n upon_o the_o field_n to_o hinder_v succourse_n to_o come_v from_o the_o leaguer_n or_o quarter_n and_o feint_v make_v at_o other_o port_n of_o the_o town_n as_o if_o the_o besieger_n be_v to_o sally_n out_o of_o they_o likewise_o those_o who_o sally_n will_v not_o do_v well_o to_o amuse_v themselves_o with_o take_v many_o sally_n to_o take_v few_o prisoner_n aâ—_n sally_n prisoner_n one_o or_o two_o may_v serve_v their_o turn_n to_o bring_v to_o the_o governor_n to_o give_v he_o intelligence_n and_o those_o they_o take_v shall_v be_v but_o common_a soldier_n for_o they_o will_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o tell_v what_o they_o know_v than_o other_o of_o better_a quality_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o 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a_o burn_a match_n to_o the_o powder_n chamber_n which_o be_v ordinary_o beside_o the_o appareill_n it_o may_v much_o endanger_v and_o endammage_n the_o besieger_n when_o they_o return_v to_o repossess_v their_o battery_n but_o a_o careful_a enemy_n have_v reserve_v to_o attend_v all_o accident_n many_o time_n pursue_v the_o sallyer_n so_o furious_o in_o their_o retreat_n that_o the_o besiege_a be_v force_v to_o shut_v their_o gate_n against_o their_o own_o people_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o have_v ladder_n at_o the_o counterscarp_n whereby_o they_o may_v descend_v to_o the_o ditch_n if_o it_o be_v dry_a and_o so_o get_v into_o the_o casemate_n but_o these_o be_v for_o most_o part_n leave_v out_o in_o our_o late_a fortification_n i_o know_v not_o for_o what_o reason_n or_o if_o there_o be_v water_n in_o the_o moat_n in_o that_o case_n little_a boat_n may_v receive_v those_o soldier_n that_o can_v enter_v at_o the_o sally_n port._n in_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o 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