demonstrate_v but_o when_o marcus_n asclepiodotus_n have_v slay_v he_o in_o battle_n those_o french_a who_o remain_v alive_a after_o the_o fight_n hasten_v to_o london_n will_v have_v plunder_v the_o city_n have_v not_o the_o river_n thames_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o help_v the_o londoner_n at_o need_n very_o happy_o bring_v the_o roman_a legion_n to_o their_o assistance_n who_o put_v the_o barbarian_n to_o the_o sword_n all_o the_o city_n over_o about_o which_o time_n it_o be_v record_v that_o lucius_n gallus_n be_v slay_v by_o a_o brookside_n which_o run_v almost_o through_o the_o city_n and_o of_o he_o be_v call_v by_o the_o britain_n wantgall_n in_o english_a walbrook_n which_o name_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n under_o which_o there_o be_v a_o sewer_n within_o the_o ground_n to_o carry_v the_o kennel_n water_n of_o the_o city_n into_o the_o thames_n this_o be_v not_o far_o from_o london-stone_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o milemark_n or_o miliary_a such_o as_o be_v in_o 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truth_n to_o say_v air_n land_n sea_n and_o all_o element_n show_v favour_v every_o way_n the_o wether_n no_o where_n mild_a be_v the_o ground_n most_o rich_a to_o see_v which_o yield_v all_o sort_n of_o useful_a fruit_n that_o never_o spend_v will_v be_v the_o ocean_n that_o with_o thames_n her_o stream_n his_o flow_a tide_n do_v blend_v convey_v to_o it_o commodity_n all_o that_o the_o world_n can_v send_v the_o noble_a seat_n of_o king_n it_o be_v for_o state_n and_o royalty_n of_o all_o the_o realm_n the_o fence_n the_o heart_n the_o life_n the_o light_n the_o eye_n the_o people_n ancient_n valorous_a expert_a in_o chivalry_n enrich_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n of_o art_n or_o mystery_n take_v a_o strict_a view_n of_o every_o thing_n and_o then_o say_v thus_o in_o brief_a this_o either_o be_v a_o world_n itself_o or_o of_o the_o world_n the_o chief_a chap._n ii_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a wall_n and_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n historian_n report_n that_o about_o the_o 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whole_o destroy_v the_o roman_n than_o send_v they_o another_o legion_n who_o come_v sudden_o surprise_v their_o enemy_n and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n among_o they_o chase_v they_o back_o again_o even_o to_o their_o own_o country_n the_o roman_n depart_v home_o again_o tell_v the_o britain_n plain_o that_o the_o journey_n hither_o be_v long_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o they_o must_v expect_v no_o further_o help_v from_o they_o but_o must_v learn_v to_o use_v armour_n and_o weapon_n themselves_o thereby_o to_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v their_o enemy_n who_o be_v encourage_v to_o invade_v they_o because_o of_o their_o cowardice_n and_o faintheartedness_n however_o for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o their_o tributary_n friend_n who_o they_o be_v now_o force_v to_o forsake_v the_o roman_n make_v they_o a_o wall_n of_o hard_a stone_n from_o the_o west_n sea_n to_o the_o east_n sea_n and_o build_v two_o city_n at_o each_o end_n thereof_o the_o britain_n labour_v therein_o also_o this_o wall_n be_v build_v eight_o foot_n thick_a and_o twelve_o foot_n high_a direct_o east_n and_o west_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o ruin_n to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n the_o work_n be_v finish_v the_o roman_n give_v they_o a_o strict_a charge_n to_o look_v to_o themselves_o and_o to_o instruct_v their_o people_n in_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o military_a discipline_n and_o lest_o the_o enemy_n shall_v come_v by_o sea_n southward_o they_o make_v divers_a bulwark_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o seaside_n and_o then_o bid_v the_o britain_n farewell_n as_o intend_v to_o return_v no_o more_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a near_o 500_o year_n after_o the_o first_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n here_o and_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 434._o the_o britain_n after_o this_o have_v several_a skirmish_n with_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o make_v choice_n of_o vortiger_n to_o be_v their_o king_n and_o 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pict_n they_o consult_v with_o their_o king_n vortiger_n what_o to_o do_v and_o at_o last_o conclude_v to_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_n who_o soon_o after_o arrive_v in_o britain_n where_o say_v bede_n they_o be_v receive_v as_o friend_n for_o have_v drive_v out_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n they_o likewise_o drive_v out_o the_o britain_n force_v some_o of_o they_o to_o fly_v over_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o into_o the_o barren_a and_o waste_a mountain_n of_o wales_n and_o cornwall_n the_o saxon_n be_v likewise_o ignorant_a of_o building_n with_o stone_n till_o the_o year_n 680._o for_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o bennet_n abbot_n of_o werral_n and_o master_n to_o reverend_a bede_n first_o bring_v in_o artificer_n for_o stone_n house_n and_o glass_n window_n unknown_a before_o to_o the_o saxon_n who_o build_v only_o with_o wood._n and_o to_o this_o polychronicon_n agree_v who_o speak_v of_o those_o time_n say_v
be_v furnish_v former_o with_o tower_n and_o bulwark_n in_o due_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o and_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n with_o its_o ebb_a and_o flow_v have_v overthrow_v the_o wall_n and_o tower_n on_o the_o bank_n thereof_o whereupon_o william_n the_o conqueror_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n which_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o enemy_n have_v take_v down_o the_o second_o bulwark_n in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o wall_n towards_o the_o thames_n build_v the_o great_a white_a tower_n which_o have_v be_v since_o enlarge_v at_o several_a time_n with_o building_n adjoin_v thereto_o this_o tower_n in_o the_o four_o of_o william_n rufus_n 1092._o be_v much_o shake_v and_o deface_v by_o a_o great_a tempest_n of_o wind_n but_o be_v again_o repair_v by_o william_n rufus_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o who_o likewise_o build_v a_o castle_n on_o the_o southside_n thereof_o towards_o the_o thames_n entrench_v the_o same_o round_o about_o historian_n say_v of_o this_o william_n rufus_n that_o he_o challenge_v the_o investiture_n of_o prelate_n he_o pill_v and_o share_v the_o people_n with_o tribute_n especial_o to_o spend_v about_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o the_o great_a hall_n at_o westminster_n the_o four_o first_o constable_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o tower_n be_v othowerus_fw-la acolinillus_fw-la otto_n and_o jeffry_n magnaville_n earl_n of_o essex_n who_o be_v also_o sheriff_n of_o london_n middlesex_n essex_n and_o hertfordshire_n he_o fortify_v the_o tower_n of_o london_n against_o k._n stephen_n but_o the_o king_n seize_v he_o at_o his_o court_n at_o st._n alban_n will_v not_o discharge_v he_o till_o he_o have_v deliver_v it_o up_o together_o with_o the_o castle_n of_o walden_n and_o plashey_n in_o essex_n in_o 1153_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o castle_n of_o windsor_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o king_n to_o richard_n de_fw-fr lucy_n to_o be_v safe_o keep_v in_o 1155_o thomas_n becket_n chancellor_n to_o hen._n 2._o cause_v the_o fleming_n 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be_v do_v with_o their_o like_n as_o be_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n but_o another_o historian_n say_v that_o in_o 1239_o hen._n 3._o fortify_v the_o tower_n of_o london_n to_o another_o purpose_n and_o the_o citizen_n fear_v it_o be_v intend_v to_o their_o detriment_n complain_v to_o the_o king_n who_o answer_v that_o he_o have_v not_o do_v it_o to_o their_o hurt_n but_o say_v he_o i_o will_v do_v from_o henceforth_o as_o my_o brother_n do_v in_o building_n and_o fortify_v castle_n who_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o be_v wise_a than_o i_o but_o the_o next_o year_n all_o these_o noble_a building_n of_o the_o stone_n gate_n and_o bulwark_n be_v shake_v as_o with_o a_o earthquake_n and_o fall_v down_o which_o the_o king_n command_v to_o be_v again_o build_v better_a than_o before_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1241._o though_o the_o king_n have_v bestow_v above_o 12000_o mark_n in_o the_o work_n yet_o the_o wall_n and_o bulwark_n irrecoverable_o fall_v down_o at_o which_o the_o 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lynx_n porpentine_n and_o such_o other_o for_o such_o be_v his_o estimation_n among_o outlandish_a prince_n that_o few_o will_v willing_o offend_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 1235_o we_o read_v that_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n send_v henry_n 3._o three_o leopard_n in_o token_n of_o his_o regal_a shield_n of_o arm_n wherein_o they_o be_v picture_v since_o which_o time_n the_o lion_n and_o other_o creature_n have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o part_n of_o this_o bulwark_n now_o call_v the_o lion_n tower_n in_o the_o 16_o of_o edward_n 3_o one_o lion_n one_o lyonef_n one_o leopard_n and_o two_o cat_n lion_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o robert_n bower_n edw._n 4._o fortify_v the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o enclose_v a_o piece_n of_o ground_n west_n from_o the_o lion_n tower_n upon_o tower-bill_n with_o brick_n now_o call_v the_o bulwark_n and_o in_o the_o 6_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o order_v a_o scaffold_n and_o gallow_n to_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o hill_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o offender_n upon_o which_o the_o l._n mayor_n and_o alderman_n complain_v to_o the_o king_n but_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o do_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o city_n liberty_n and_o cause_v proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v thereof_o according_o richard_z the_o 3._o and_o henry_n the_o 8._o repair_v this_o tower_n but_o in_o the_o 2._o of_o edward_z 6_o 1548._o nou._n 22._o a_o frenchman_n lodging_n in_o the_o round_a bulwark_n between_o the_o westgate_n and_o the_o postern_n by_o set_v fire_n to_o a_o barrel_n of_o gunpowder_n in_o the_o night_n blow_v up_o that_o bulwark_n yet_o burn_v none_o but_o himself_o this_o bulwark_n be_v soon_o rebuilt_a again_o this_o west_n gate_n of_o the_o tower_n be_v the_o principal_a gate_n for_o receive_v and_o deliver_v all_o manner_n of_o carriage_n and_o without_o it_o there_o be_v divers_a bulwark_n and_o gate_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n within_o this_o gate_n to_o the_o south_n be_v a_o strong_a postern_n for_o passenger_n by_o the_o ward-house_n over_o a_o drawbridge_n which_o be_v let_v down_o and_o pull_v up_o at_o pleasure_n next_o to_o this_o on_o the_o south_n side_n eastward_o be_v a_o large_a water-gate_n common_o call_v traitor_n gate_n because_o some_o have_v be_v carry_v in_o that_o way_n this_o gate_n be_v partly_o under_o a_o strong_a stone_n bridge_n from_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n beyond_o which_o be_v a_o small_a postern_n with_o a_o drawbridge_n seldom_o let_v down_o but_o for_o receive_v in_o some_o great_a person_n prisoner_n further_n to_o the_o east_n be_v a_o great_a and_o strong_a gate_n call_v the_o iron_n gate_n but_o not_o usual_o open_v and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o foundation_n building_n and_o repair_v of_o the_o tower_n with_o the_o gate_n and_o postern_n there_o be_v many_o fair_a house_n within_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o tower_n wherein_o the_o officer_n belong_v thereto_o and_o other_o inhabitant_n live_v there_o be_v also_o a_o chapel_n in_o the_o year_n 1196_o william_n fitz_n ozbet_n a_o citizen_n seditious_o move_v the_o people_n to_o stand_v up_o for_o their_o liberty_n and_o not_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o rich_a and_o mighty_a be_v take_v and_o bring_v before_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o tower_n where_o he_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o be_v draw_v thence_o by_o the_o heel_n to_o the_o elm_n in_o east-smithfield_n he_o be_v there_o hang_v in_o 1214._o king_n john_n write_v to_o jeffery_n magnaville_n to_o deliver_v the_o tower_n of_o london_n with_o the_o prisoner_n armour_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n find_v therein_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n to_z william_n archdeacon_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n 3._o 1216._o the_o tower_n be_v deliver_v to_o lewes_n of_o franse_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n in_o 1206_o plea_n of_o the_o
and_o though_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n by_o his_o revolt_n from_o the_o baron_n and_o join_v with_o the_o prince_n have_v great_o further_v this_o good_a work_n and_o have_v cause_v the_o king_n to_o enjoy_v a_o happy_a peace_n yet_o be_v this_o earl_n so_o little_o trust_v that_o he_o find_v neither_o favour_n nor_o reward_n but_o be_v much_o slight_v and_o have_v but_o cold_a entertainment_n at_o court_n which_o he_o high_o resent_v and_o meditate_a revenge_n in_o this_o fury_n he_o come_v headlong_o into_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o complain_v of_o his_o ill_a usage_n the_o common_a people_n flock_v in_o troop_n about_o he_o and_o dare_o commit_v many_o notorious_a outrage_n within_o the_o city_n forget_v the_o great_a calamity_n they_o have_v late_o suffer_v and_o what_o favour_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o thence_o they_o go_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n at_o westminster_n which_o they_o most_o barbarous_o rifle_v spoil_v and_o ransack_v this_o may_v have_v 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his_o timorousness_n in_o the_o follow_a passage_n the_o king_n be_v in_o his_o barge_n on_o the_o thames_n on_o a_o sudden_a the_o air_n grow_v dark_a and_o there_o follow_v a_o terrible_a shower_n with_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n of_o which_o the_o king_n be_v impatient_a command_v himself_o to_o be_v put_v to_o land_n at_o the_o next_o stair_n which_o be_v durham-house_n where_o simon_n montford_n earl_n of_o leicester_n live_v which_o the_o earl_n have_v notice_n of_o come_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o king_n say_v sir_n why_o be_v you_o afraid_a the_o tempest_n be_v now_o past_a whereunto_o the_o king_n with_o a_o stern_a look_n reply_v i_o fear_v thunder_n and_o lightning_n extreme_o but_o by_o the_o head_n of_o god_n i_o fear_v thou_o more_o than_o all_o the_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n in_o the_o world_n whereto_o the_o earl_n answer_v my_o liege_n it_o be_v injurious_a and_o incredible_a that_o you_o shall_v stand_v so_o much_o in_o fear_n of_o i_o who_o have_v be_v always_o loyal_a both_o to_o you_o and_o your_o kingdom_n whereas_o you_o ought_v to_o fear_v your_o enemy_n even_o those_o that_o destroy_v the_o realm_n and_o abuse_v your_o majesty_n with_o bad_a counsel_n in_o this_o king_n reign_v the_o two_o great_a charter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o charta_fw-la de_fw-la forestae_fw-la be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v likewise_o plead_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n all_o wear_v in_o the_o thames_n be_v in_o this_o king_n time_n order_v to_o be_v pull_v up_o and_o destroy_v also_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n be_v allow_v by_o charter_n to_o pass_v toll-free_a through_o england_n and_o to_o have_v free_a liberty_n of_o hunt_v about_o london_n they_o have_v likewise_o licence_n to_o have_v and_o use_v a_o common_a seal_n it_o be_v also_o ordain_v that_o no_o sheriff_n of_o london_n shall_v continue_v in_o his_o office_n long_o than_o one_o yearâ—_n whereas_o before_o they_o continue_v many_o and_o the_o city_n be_v allow_v to_o present_v their_o mayor_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n to_o be_v swear_v who_o before_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n wherever_o he_o be_v in_o the_o 32_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o wharf_n in_o london_n call_v queen-hith_n be_v farm_a to_o the_o citizen_n for_o fifty_o pound_n a_o year_n which_o be_v scarce_o now_o worth_a fifteen_o this_o king_n cause_v a_o chest_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v make_v for_o lay_v up_o the_o relic_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o the_o church_n of_o westminster_n hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n earl_n of_o kent_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o friar_n preacher_n in_o london_n to_o which_o church_n he_o give_v his_o palace_n at_o westminster_n which_o afterward_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n buy_v and_o make_v it_o his_o inn_n then_o common_o call_v york_n place_n and_o now_o whitchall_n in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o this_o king_n there_o be_v great_a thunder_n and_o lightning_n which_o burn_v many_o house_n and_o slay_v both_o man_n and_o beast_n in_o his_o 15._o year_n upon_o s._n paul_n day_n when_o roger_n wiger_n bishop_n of_o london_n be_v at_o mass_n at_o s._n paul_n the_o sky_n sudden_o grow_v dark_a and_o such_o a_o terrible_a thunderclap_n sell_v upon_o the_o church_n that_o it_o be_v shake_v as_o if_o it_o will_v have_v fall_v and_o so_o great_a a_o flash_n of_o lightning_n come_v out_o of_o a_o dark_a cloud_n that_o all_o the_o church_n seem_v to_o be_v on_o fire_n so_o that_o all_o the_o people_n run_v out_o of_o the_o church_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o ground_n with_o astonishment_n in_o 1233._o five_o sun_n be_v see_v at_o one_o time_n together_o after_o which_o follow_v so_o great_a a_o dearth_n that_o people_n be_v force_v to_o eat_v horseflesh_n and_o bark_n of_o tree_n and_o in_o london_n twenty_o thousand_o be_v starve_v for_o want_v of_o bread_n in_o 1236._o the_o river_n of_o thames_n overflow_v the_o bank_n so_o that_o in_o the_o great_a palace_n at_o westminster_n man_n row_v with_o boat_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o hall_n in_o 1240._o many_o strange_a fish_n come_v ashore_o and_o among_o other_o forty_o sea_n bull_n and_o one_o of_o a_o huge_a bigness_n pass_v through_o london_n bridge_n unhurt_a till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o king_n house_n at_o moreclack_n where_o he_o be_v kill_v in_o 1263._o the_o thames_n again_o overflow_v the_o bank_n about_o lambeth_n and_o drown_v house_n and_o field_n for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o mile_n and_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v a_o blaze_a star_n see_v for_o three_o month_n in_o 1264._o seven_o hundred_o jew_n be_v slay_v in_o london_n their_o good_n spoil_v and_o their_o synagogue_n deface_v because_o one_o jew_n will_v have_v force_v a_o christian_n to_o have_v pay_v above_o two_o penny_n a_o week_n for_o the_o use_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n in_o 1268._o there_o happen_v a_o great_a quarrel_n between_o the_o goldsmith_n and_o tailor_n of_o london_n which_o occasion_v much_o mischief_n to_o be_v do_v and_o many_o man_n be_v slay_v for_o which_o riot_n twelve_o of_o the_o ringleader_n be_v hang_v in_o 1269._o the_o river_n of_o thames_n be_v so_o hard_o freeze_v from_o the_o last_o of_o november_n to_o gandlemas_n that_o man_n and_o beast_n pass_v over_o from_o lambeth_n to_o westminster_n and_o good_n be_v bring_v from_o sandwich_n and_o other_o port_n town_n by_o land_n in_o 1271._o the_o steeple_n of_o bow_n in_o cheapside_n fall_v down_o and_o slay_v many_o people_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o child_n be_v bear_v near_o london_n who_o be_v report_v at_o two_o year_n old_a to_o have_v cure_v all_o disease_n and_o at_o greenwich_n near_o london_n a_o lamb_n be_v yean_a which_o have_v two_o perfect_a body_n and_o but_o one_o head_n king_n
1_o and_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o k._n john_n and_o his_o baron_n 1215._o the_o londoner_n be_v on_o the_o baron_n part_n who_o then_o besiege_v northampton_n and_o after_o come_v to_o bedford_n castle_n where_o they_o be_v well_o receive_v by_o william_n beauchamp_n captain_n thereof_o and_o have_v then_o secret_a notice_n that_o if_o they_o please_v they_o may_v enter_v the_o city_n they_o remove_v their_o camp_n to_o ware_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v to_o london_n in_o the_o night_n they_o enter_v by_o aldgate_n and_o place_v guard_n at_o the_o gate_n they_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n at_o their_o pleasure_n they_o spoil_v the_o friar_n house_n and_o search_v their_o coffer_n after_o which_o robert_n fitzwater_n jeffery_n magnaville_n the_o earl_n of_o essex_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n chief_n commander_n in_o the_o army_n apply_v themselves_o to_o repair_v the_o gate_n and_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n with_o stone_n take_v from_o the_o jew_n house_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o aldgate_n being_n most_o ruinous_a and_o have_v give_v they_o a_o easy_a entrance_n they_o repair_v or_o rather_o new_a build_v it_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o norman_n with_o strong_a arch_n and_o bulwark_n of_o stone_n small_a brick_n and_o flanders_n tile_n in_o the_o 11_o of_o edw._n 4._o 1471_o thomas_n bastard_n fauconbridge_n have_v assemble_v a_o riotous_a company_n of_o seaman_n and_o other_o in_o essex_n and_z kent_z come_v with_o a_o great_a navy_n of_o ship_n up_o to_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n whereupon_o the_o l._n mayor_n and_o alderman_n with_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n fortify_v the_o thames_n side_n with_o arm_a man_n gun_n and_o other_o warlike_a weapon_n from_o baynard_n castle_n to_o the_o tower_n to_o prevent_v their_o land_n but_o the_o rebel_n be_v deny_v passage_n that_o way_n they_o fall_v upon_o aldgate_n bishopsgate_n cripplegate_n aldersgate_n london_n bridge_n and_o along_o the_o bankside_n shoot_v arrow_n and_o 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prisoner_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n fauconbridge_n their_o commander_n have_v in_o vain_a assault_v other_o place_n on_o the_o waterside_n flee_v to_o his_o ship_n thus_o much_o of_o aldgate_n as_o it_o be_v of_o old_a we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o rebuilding_n when_o we_o come_v to_o aldgate_n ward_n the_o three_o gate_n towards_o the_o north_n be_v bishopsgate_n suppose_v to_o be_v build_v by_o some_o bishop_n of_o london_n though_o now_o unknown_a but_o the_o occasion_n thereof_o be_v for_o the_o ease_n of_o passenger_n especial_o to_o norfolk_n suffolk_z cambridgshire_n etc._n etc._n who_o before_o be_v force_v to_o go_v much_o about_o yet_o it_o be_v somewhat_o ancient_a for_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1210_o some_o land_n be_v sell_v to_o the_o procurator_n or_o warden_n of_o london_n bridge_n situate_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n buttolph_n without_o bishopsgate_n and_o in_o a_o charter_n date_v 1235._o it_o be_v write_v that_o walter_n brume_n and_o rosia_n his_o wife_n have_v found_v the_o priory_n or_o new_a hospital_n of_o our_o bless_a lady_n since_o call_v st._n marry_o spital_n without_o bishopsgate_n have_v confirm_v the_o same_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o our_o bless_a lady_n for_o canon_n regular_a also_o in_o 1247_o simeon_n fitz_n mary_n sheriff_n of_o london_n the_o 29_o hen._n 3._o found_v the_o hospital_n of_o st._n mary_n call_v bethlem_n without_o bishopsgate_n and_o for_o repair_v this_o gate_n hen._n 3._o confirm_v certain_a liberty_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n to_o keep_v it_o in_o repair_n which_o they_o do_v for_o many_o year_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1551_o have_v prepare_v stone_n and_o a_o new_a gate_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n their_o charter_n be_v take_v from_o they_o so_o that_o the_o old_a gate_n remain_v next_o to_o this_o upon_o the_o northside_n of_o the_o city_n be_v moregate_n of_o which_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o 3d_o of_o hen._n 5._o 1415_o thomas_n falconer_n mayor_n cause_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n to_o be_v break_v through_o near_a coleman-street_n and_o there_o build_v a_o postern_n now_o call_v moregate_n of_o a_o moory_n ground_n hard_o by_o which_o be_v now_o drain_v and_o make_v fair_a and_o firm_a and_o turn_v into_o several_a field_n and_o delightful_a walk_n with_o tree_n set_v in_o curious_a order_n for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o the_o citizen_n this_o gate_n since_o the_o dreadful_a fire_n of_o london_n in_o 1666_o have_v be_v new_o build_v and_o be_v make_v very_o noble_a with_o a_o great_a arch_n and_o two_o postern_n so_o that_o it_o now_o equal_v if_o not_o excel_v any_o other_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n between_o this_o gate_n and_o cripplegate_n there_o have_v be_v late_o make_v two_o postern_n through_o the_o wall_n for_o the_o better_a ease_n of_o passenger_n and_o several_a new_a house_n build_v near_o they_o cripplegate_n be_v next_o which_o be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n be_v so_o call_v before_o the_o conquest_n for_o we_o read_v that_o in_o 1010_o the_o dane_n spoil_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n alwyn_n bishop_n of_o helinham_n cause_v the_o body_n of_o king_n edmund_n the_o martyr_n to_o be_v bring_v from_o bredisworth_n now_o call_v st._n edmund_n bury_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a and_o so_o to_o london_n in_o at_o cripplegate_n some_o say_v it_o be_v so_o name_v from_o cripple_n beg_v there_o and_o that_o when_o the_o body_n of_o st._n edmund_n pass_v through_o it_o many_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v thereby_o as_o that_o some_o of_o the_o lame_a be_v cure_v praise_v god_n etc._n etc._n this_o body_n continue_v three_o year_n in_o st._n gregory_n church_n near_o st._n paul_n and_o further_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o his_o charter_n for_o confirm_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o college_n in_o london_n call_v st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr say_v thus_o i_o do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o the_o same_o 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he_o for_o their_o sovereign_n and_o so_o upon_o st._n stephen_n day_n 1135._o he_o be_v crown_v king_n at_o westminster_n and_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o be_v ease_v the_o people_n of_o divers_a tax_n and_o imposition_n yet_o stephen_n be_v no_o soon_o set_v in_o his_o chair_n of_o state_n but_o david_n king_n of_o scot_n enter_v england_n with_o a_o army_n to_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o maud_n but_o he_o be_v soon_o compound_v with_o and_o so_o be_v geoffrey_n duke_n of_o anjou_n maud_v husband_n soon_o after_o maud_n herself_o come_v into_o england_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o some_o person_n for_o queen_n and_o stephen_n hear_v that_o some_o of_o her_o force_n have_v besiege_v lincoln_n go_v thither_o where_o his_o army_n be_v overthrow_v and_o himself_o take_v prisoner_n and_o carry_v to_o maud_n who_o commit_v he_o to_o bristol_n castle_n and_o be_v flush_v with_o this_o success_n she_o take_v her_o journey_n towards_o london_n and_o be_v there_o receive_v joyful_o as_o well_o 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england_n and_o adopt_v henry_n as_o his_o heir_n to_o succeed_v he_o this_o agreement_n thus_o make_v and_o confirm_v by_o parliament_n henry_n account_v king_n stephen_n ever_o after_o as_o his_o father_n and_o stephen_n henry_n as_o his_o son_n and_o well_o he_o may_v if_o it_o be_v true_a which_o some_o write_v that_o maud_n his_o mother_n when_o a_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v fight_v between_o king_n stephen_n and_o her_o son_n go_v private_o to_o he_o ask_v he_o how_o he_o can_v find_v in_o his_o heart_n to_o fight_v against_o he_o that_o be_v his_o own_o son_n can_v he_o forget_v the_o familiarity_n he_o have_v with_o she_o in_o her_o widowhood_n but_o however_o it_o be_v king_n stephen_n and_o henry_n continue_v in_o mutual_a love_n and_o concord_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v together_o in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o king_n stephen_n a_o synod_n be_v hold_v in_o london_n by_o henry_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n where_o it_o be_v decree_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o any_o clergyman_n shall_v not_o be_v forgive_v but_o by_o the_o pope_n himself_o and_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o clergyman_n be_v exempt_a from_o the_o power_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n in_o this_o king_n time_n there_o appear_v two_o child_n a_o boy_n and_o a_o girl_n clad_v in_o green_n in_o a_o stuff_n unknown_a of_o a_o strange_a language_n and_o of_o a_o strange_a diet_n the_o boy_n be_v baptize_v die_v short_o after_o but_o the_o girl_n live_v to_o be_v a_o old_a woman_n and_o be_v ask_v from_o whence_o they_o be_v she_o answer_v they_o be_v of_o the_o land_n of_o st._n martin_n where_o there_o be_v christian_a church_n erect_v but_o that_o no_o sun_n do_v ever_o rise_v unto_o they_o but_o where_o that_o land_n be_v or_o how_o she_o come_v hither_o she_o herself_o know_v not_o this_o story_n be_v relate_v by_o many_o very_a credible_a historian_n and_o if_o true_a we_o may_v thereby_o learn_v that_o there_o be_v other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n than_o those_o which_o to_o we_o be_v know_v in_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o this_o king_n the_o river_n of_o thames_n be_v so_o freeze_v at_o london_n that_o horse_n and_o cart_n pass_v over_o upon_o the_o ice_n in_o his_o time_n likewise_o live_v johannes_n 〈◊〉_d temporibus_fw-la of_o who_o it_o be_v record_v that_o he_o live_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o one_o year_n he_o be_v one_o of_o charlemagne_n the_o emperor_n guard_n and_o die_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o conradus_n the_o three_o 1139._o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n stephen_n henry_n duke_n of_o anfou_n succeed_v according_a to_o agreement_n by_o the_o title_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o be_v crown_v at_o westminster_n in_o the_o year_n 1155._o this_o king_n have_v very_o much_o vexation_n from_o
when_o this_o gate_n be_v quite_o take_v down_o and_o noble_o rebuilt_a with_o the_o image_n of_o k._n lud_n and_o other_o on_o the_o east-side_n and_o q._n elizabeth_n on_o the_o west_n which_o be_v do_v at_o the_o city_n charge_v be_v above_o 1500_o pound_n in_o 1463._o stephen_n foster_n fishmonger_n and_o dame_n agnes_n his_o wife_n add_v several_a large_a room_n to_o ludgate_n and_o give_v other_o relief_n to_o the_o prisoner_n who_o be_v only_o such_o citizen_n as_o be_v debtor_n all_o person_n for_o treason_n felony_n and_o other_o criminal_a offence_n be_v commit_v to_o newgate_n in_o one_o of_o these_o room_n there_o be_v a_o copper_n plate_n hang_v with_o the_o follow_a rhime_n engrave_v thereon_o devout_a soul_n that_o pass_v this_o way_n for_o stephen_n forster_n late_a mayor_n hearty_o pray_v and_o dame_n agnes_n his_o spouse_n to_o god_n consecrate_v that_o of_o pity_n this_o house_n make_v of_o london_n in_o ludgate_n so_o that_o for_o lodging_n and_o water_n prisoners_z here_o nought_o pay_v as_o their_o keeper_n shall_v all_o answer_n at_o dreadful_a doomsday_n this_o gate_n as_o well_o as_o newgate_n in_o the_o late_a dismal_a fire_n in_o 1666_o be_v burn_v down_o but_o since_o they_o be_v both_o repair_v and_o very_o curious_o beautify_v have_v a_o new_a postern_n for_o foot_n passenger_n add_v thereto_o with_o several_a other_o conveniency_n thus_o much_o for_o ludgate_n next_o to_o this_o before_o the_o late_a fire_n there_o be_v only_o a_o breach_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n and_o a_o bridge_n of_o timber_n over_o fleet_n ditch_n direct_o against_o bridewell_n hospital_n but_o since_o it_o be_v all_o lay_v open_a and_o a_o handsome_a bridge_n of_o stone_n build_v in_o that_o place_n the_o ditch_n be_v very_o much_o enlarge_v and_o a_o wharf_n make_v of_o stone_n and_o clear_v from_o all_o house_n on_o each_o side_n up_o to_o holborn_n bridge_n the_o bridge_n likewise_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o ludgate_n hill_n be_v noble_o rebuilt_a or_o rather_o new_a build_v and_o make_v much_o broad_a and_o another_o gallant_a bridge_n be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o ditch_n almost_o over_o against_o the_o fleet_n prison_n all_o this_o have_v be_v do_v since_o the_o dismal_a fire_n to_o the_o very_a great_a charge_n of_o the_o city_n and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o gate_n in_o the_o wall_n now_o for_o the_o watergates_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n which_o former_o have_v be_v many_o though_o most_o or_o all_o of_o they_o have_v be_v ruin_v by_o the_o late_a fire_n however_o take_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o what_o they_o be_v black_a friar_n stair_n be_v a_o free_a land_a place_n now_o gallant_o rebuilt_a with_o a_o useful_a bridge_n by_o sir_n tho._n fitch_n who_o have_v build_v a_o very_a curious_a house_n upon_o the_o wharf_n and_o clear_v it_o so_o that_o now_o the_o lord_n mayor_n when_o he_o come_v from_o westminster_n to_o be_v swear_v land_n there_o instead_o of_o paul_n wharf_n as_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a then_o there_o be_v puddle_n wharf_n paul_n wharf_n break_a wharf_n beside_o divers_a other_o all_z along_o the_o river_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o citizen_n for_o their_o private_a use_n next_o be_v ripa_n regina_fw-la the_o queen_n bank_n or_o queen_n hyth_n which_o be_v account_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a watergate_n of_o this_o city_n far_o exceed_v billingsgate_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o queenhithe_a ward_n wat_n tyler_n kill_v by_o the_o lord_z mayor_z k_o richard_n 2._o resign_v his_o crown_n king_n richard_n 2._o murder_v the_o next_o be_v call_v wolf_n gate_n in_o the_o ropary_n afterward_o call_v wolf_n lane_n but_o now_o out_o of_o use_n the_o next_o be_v call_v ebgate_n of_o old_a time_n as_o appear_v by_o ancient_a record_n and_o stand_v near_o st._n laurence_n pountneys_n church_n it_o be_v now_o a_o narrow_a lane_n and_o call_v ebgate_n lane_n but_o usual_o the_o old_a swan_n there_o be_v another_o gate_n at_o the_o bridgfoot_n call_v oyster_n gate_n of_o oyster_n that_o be_v there_o sell_v that_o be_v the_o marketplace_n for_o they_o and_o other_o small_a fish_n but_o now_o there_o stand_v a_o engine_n to_o carry_v up_o the_o water_n into_o the_o city_n in_o the_o place_n thereof_o then_o there_o be_v the_o bridg-gate_n so_o call_v of_o london_n bridge_n whereon_o it_o stand_v this_o long_a before_o the_o conquest_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o first_o or_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n where_o there_o be_v only_o a_o bridge_n of_o timber_n and_o be_v the_o seven_o and_o last_o principal_a gate_n mention_v by_o fitz_n stephen_n when_o the_o bridge_n be_v new_o build_v of_o stone_n this_o gate_n be_v rebuilt_a again_o in_o the_o year_n 1436_o this_o gate_n with_o the_o tower_n upon_o it_o fall_v down_o and_o two_o of_o the_o further_a arch_n of_o the_o bridge_n southward_o fall_v therewith_o yet_o none_o be_v kill_v or_o hurt_v thereby_o to_o the_o repair_n whereof_o several_a citizen_n give_v very_o liberal_o when_o the_o bastard_n fauconbridg_n aforenamed_a come_v with_o the_o kentish_a mariner_n into_o this_o city_n they_o burn_v this_o gate_n and_o thirteen_o house_n beside_o on_o the_o bridge_n and_o likewise_o the_o brewhouse_n at_o st._n katherine_n and_o many_o other_o in_o the_o suburb_n next_o hereunto_o be_v a_o gate_n common_o call_v buttolph_n gate_n of_o the_o parish_n church_n adjoin_v this_o be_v give_v or_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o westminster_n then_o there_o be_v billingsgate_n which_o be_v much_o use_v by_o small_a ship_n &_o barge_n so_o that_o queen_n hyth_n be_v almost_o forsake_v it_o be_v somewhat_o uncertain_a why_o this_o gate_n be_v so_o name_v only_a jeffry_n of_o monmouth_n write_v that_o belin_n a_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n about_o 400_o year_n before_o christ_n nativity_n build_v this_o gate_n and_o call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n &_o that_o when_o he_o be_v dead_a his_o body_n be_v burn_v and_o the_o ash_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vessel_n of_o brass_n and_o set_v over_o that_o gate_n upon_o a_o high_a pinnacle_n of_o stone_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o ancient_a but_o rather_o to_o have_v take_v the_o name_n from_o some_o late_a owner_n call_v it_o may_v be_v beling_n or_o bill_v as_o summer_n key_n smart_v key_n fresh_a warf_n and_o other_o have_v do_v then_o there_o be_v a_o watergate_n on_o the_o south-end_n of_o waterlane_n by_o the_o custom-house_n key_n but_o of_o all_o these_o more_o hereafter_o one_o other_o watergate_n there_o be_v more_o by_o the_o bulwark_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o this_o be_v the_o last_o and_o far_a gate_n eastward_o on_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n as_o far_o as_o the_o city_n of_o london_n extend_v within_o the_o wall_n beside_o these_o common_a water_n gate_n there_o be_v former_o divers_a private_a wharf_n and_o key_n all_o along_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n of_o this_o city_n on_o the_o thames_n side_n where_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n land_v their_o good_n and_o have_v warehouse_n cellar_n and_o stowage_n form_v they_o and_o in_o the_o 42_o of_o hen._n 3._o 1258._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o port_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v strong_o guard_v and_o the_o gate_n of_o london_n shall_v be_v new_o repair_v and_o diligent_o keep_v in_o the_o night_n for_o fear_n of_o french_a deceit_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o other_o ancient_a tower_n and_o castle_n of_o this_o city_n with_o several_a remarkable_a accident_n happen_v therein_o the_o city_n of_o london_n say_v fitz_n stephen_n have_v in_o the_o east_n a_o very_a great_a and_o most_o strong_a palatine_a tower_n who_o turret_n and_o wall_n do_v rise_v from_o a_o deep_a foundation_n the_o mortar_n thereof_o be_v temper_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o beast_n it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n that_o julius_n caesar_n the_o first_o conqueror_n or_o indeed_o discoverer_n of_o britain_n be_v the_o original_a founder_n thereof_o and_o of_o many_o other_o tower_n castle_n and_o great_a house_n but_o there_o be_v little_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o short_a stay_n here_o have_v other_o thing_n to_o think_v on_o design_v only_o to_o dispatch_v his_o conquest_n over_o this_o barbarous_a country_n and_o then_o to_o perform_v great_a erterprise_n neither_o do_v the_o roman_a historian_n mention_v any_o such_o building_n erect_v by_o he_o here_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n therefore_o be_v that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n build_v the_o great_a white_a and_o square_a tower_n there_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1078_o as_o appear_v by_o ancient_a record_n and_o that_o make_v gundulph_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n principal_a surveyor_n of_o the_o work_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n as_o it_o be_v aforemention_v