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england_n that_o be_v per_fw-la my_o son_n poere_o which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o grimbald_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o libel_n itself_o set_v down_o hereafter_o and_o so_o grimbald_n express_o object_v the_o authority_n of_o that_o prohibition_n together_o with_o the_o power_n of_o his_o master_n commission_n in_o defence_n of_o himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v i_o use_v this_o power_n it_o be_v give_v i_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o put_v i_o in_o command_n over_o his_o navy_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n but_o beside_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v set_v forth_o his_o prohibition_n command_v that_o no_o kind_n of_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o any_o enemy_n of_o the_o french_a within_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o league_n make_v between_o both_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o see_v i_o have_v not_o take_v either_o the_o person_n or_o good_n of_o any_o but_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o 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controversy_n arise_v touch_v thing_n do_v only_o by_o sea_n but_o if_o he_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v certain_o than_o he_o do_v not_o only_o forbear_v to_o oppose_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n but_o also_o sufficient_o acknowledge_v it_o while_o he_o seem_v to_o affirm_v that_o a_o temporary_a restriction_n only_o be_v add_v thereto_o by_o a_o accession_n of_o the_o league_n and_o the_o prohibition_n so_o that_o we_o have_v a_o tacit_n acknowledgement_n even_o of_o the_o french_a themselves_o at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o their_o admiral_n but_o how_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o league_n ought_v to_o be_v expound_v it_o be_v no_o place_n here_o to_o discourse_n for_o we_o observe_v only_o that_o the_o sea_n dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v in_o
sea_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n never_o have_v prohibit_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o if_o they_o will_v have_v have_v it_o prove_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o dane_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v prohibit_v fish_v or_o navigation_n between_o island_n and_o norway_n because_o neither_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o have_v possess_v the_o shore_n only_a on_o both_o side_n by_o a_o equal_a right_n there_o be_v other_o particular_n also_o no_o less_o rash_o speak_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o concern_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o it_o be_v ill_o do_v of_o those_o commissioner_n in_o that_o treaty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o a_o necessary_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o there_o be_v no_o truth_n in_o that_o which_o they_o let_v fall_v concern_v the_o irish_a sea_n for_o 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land_n thereupon_o the_o premise_n consider_v it_o be_v enact_v and_o ordain_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a parliament_n that_o no_o manner_n vessel_n of_o other_o land_n shall_v be_v no_o time_n nor_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o henceforth_o from_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n next_o come_v go_v in_o no_o part_n of_o the_o say_a land_n betwixt_o the_o say_a irish_a enemy_n to_o no_o manner_n fish_v without_o one_o special_a licence_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o licence_n of_o another_o person_n have_v the_o king_n power_n to_o grant_v such_o licence_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n that_o find_v or_o impeche_n any_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n rumpant_n or_o forfaites_n against_o this_o act_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o they_o so_o make_v any_o claim_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n and_o approve_v the_o say_a forfayture_n by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n to_o be_v make_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o one_o moitye_n of_o the_o say_a forfeiture_n and_o the_o say_a person_n or_o person_n shall_v have_v the_o other_a without_o any_o impechment_n and_o that_o all_o manner_n vessel_n of_o other_o land_n come_v in_o the_o say_a land_n of_o ireland_n a_o fish_n be_v of_o the_o burden_n of_o twelve_o ton_n or_o less_o have_v one_o drover_n or_o boat_n everye_o of_o they_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n war_n there_o xiii_o s._n iiii_o d._n by_o the_o year_n and_o all_o other_o small_a vessel_n as_o scarf_n or_o boat_n not_o have_v drover_n nor_o light_a being_n within_o the_o say_a burden_n of_o twelve_o run_v every_o of_o they_o shall_v pay_v twoe_o shilling_n go_n a_o fish_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n provide_v always_o that_o no_o vessel_n fysh_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o wicklo_n be_v charge_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o art_n and_o that_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v have_v the_o foresay_a sum_n and_o duty_n of_o money_n so_o pay_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o king_n war_n for_o the_o defente_fw-mi of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o the_o customer_n and_o collector_n of_o the_o same_o sum_n shall_v account_n before_o the_o say_a justice_n lieutenant_z or_o deputy_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o such_o auditor_n that_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o same_o appoint_v by_o the_o king_n or_o they_o and_o not_o before_o the_o baron_n of_o th'exchequer_n in_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n so_o come_v from_o other_o part_n in_o the_o say_a land_n shall_v not_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o say_a land_n till_o every_o of_o they_o pay_v their_o say_a duty_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 189._o obtain_v leave_v by_o request_n from_o our_o queen_n marie_n for_o xxi_o year_n to_o fish_v in_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o that_o thereupon_o a_o revenue_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v advance_v to_o the_o exchequer_n in_o ireland_n a_o proclamation_n also_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o martii_fw-la james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n prohibit_v any_o foreiner_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v to_o fish_v in_o this_o irish_a sea_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v that_o controversy_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n although_o it_o be_v remember_v by_o giraldus_n who_o write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o it_o arise_v in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a when_o all_o that_o lie_v betwixt_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v in_o subjection_n either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n that_o be_v when_o both_o of_o they_o have_v in_o this_o sea_n distinct_a territory_n of_o their_o own_o who_o bound_n be_v in_o question_n certain_a it_o be_v as_o 9_o beda_n write_v that_o edwin_n the_o most_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o nortbumbrians_n or_o rather_o of_o all_o the_o english-saxons_a subdue_v the_o mevanian_a isle_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n dcxxx_o that_o be_v to_o say_v both_o that_o mevanian_n which_o we_o call_v anglesey_n &_o the_o other_o also_o which_o be_v man_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v but_o in_o the_o late_a time_n of_o the_o anglo-saxon_n empire_n the_o norwegian_n or_o dane_n who_o exceed_o infest_a both_o this_o and_o the_o north-east_n sea_n with_o very_o frequent_a robbery_n at_o length_n seize_v both_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o hebrides_n and_o hold_v they_o almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n so_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o of_o man_n can_v not_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o ireland_n or_o britain_n but_o that_o the_o king_n thereof_o be_v at_o that_o time_n lord_n as_o well_o of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n as_o of_o the_o isle_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o their_o annal_n where_o we_o find_v that_o godred_a who_o surname_n be_v crovan_n king_n of_o man_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mlxvi_o bring_v dublin_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o laynster_n â—40_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o so_o thorough_o subdue_v the_o scot_n that_o no_o man_n who_o build_v a_o ship_n dare_v drive_v in_o more_o than_o three_o nail_n so_o that_o he_o give_v both_o limitation_n and_o law_n to_o the_o ship_n of_o his_o neighbour_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o enjoy_v the_o very_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o
kingdom_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v this_o because_o the_o universal_a right_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v transfer_v into_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o passage_n he_o have_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o also_o 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la 11_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la sometime_o solicitor_n general_a for_o the_o king_n france_n popellinerius_n and_o other_o if_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o maâ—seille_n or_o narbon_n we_o shall_v not_o oppose_v they_o but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v northward_o or_o westward_o of_o the_o french_a or_o that_o flow'_v between_o france_n and_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n for_o that_o which_o lie_v westward_o from_o they_o upon_o that_o crooked_a shore_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o aquitaine_n do_v indeed_o flow_v between_o the_o more_o westerly_a coast_n of_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o of_o france_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o lie_v northward_o from_o they_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o normandy_n they_o neither_o produce_v any_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o if_o they_o will_v unless_o you_o will_v have_v that_o admit_v which_o have_v be_v cite_v out_o of_o caesar_n concern_v the_o veneti_n of_o france_n aremoriça_n and_o that_o which_o we_o say_v before_o of_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o that_o shore_n both_o which_o indeed_o do_v rather_o import_v some_o service_n call_v heretofore_o nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la than_o any_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o this_o sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o they_o and_o we_o become_v absolute_o appropriate_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o book_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o custom_n most_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a or_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o derogate_n from_o the_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o they_o it_o remaine_n as_o yet_o not_o possess_v but_o common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o revenue_n or_o patrimony_n of_o their_o king_n if_o so_o be_v credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o that_o treatise_n late_o publish_v of_o the_o civil_a roman_a and_o french_a law_n by_o thomas_n cormerius_n counsellor_n to_o francis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n in_o his_o parliament_n of_o alencon_n the_o matter_n that_o it_o pretend'_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v the_o roman_a gallic_a law_n there_o be_v in_o it_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n decree_n of_o prince_n and_o privilege_n often_o intermingle_v but_o under_o the_o 2._o title_n of_o thing_n common_a â—o_o all_o he_o make_v the_o sea_n and_o shore_n common_a to_o all_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o in_o this_o matter_n it_o do_v exact_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o france_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o french_a have_v no_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n nor_o must_v we_o let_v it_o pass_v that_o somwhile_o since_o there_o be_v two_o constitution_n pretend_v to_o in_o france_n one_o of_o 1555._o henry_n the_o second_o the_o other_o of_o 1584._o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o they_o require_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o foreigner_n which_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o france_n shall_v strike_v their_o topsail_n forsooth_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o that_o dominion_n the_o french_a have_v over_o the_o sea_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v autorize_v or_o as_o they_o speak_v simple_o verify_v by_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n yea_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o admit_v into_o custom_n nay_o the_o late_a of_o they_o be_v plain_o reject_v as_o to_o any_o effect_n in_o law_n and_o this_o the_o french_a lawyer_n themselves_o confess_v in_o a_o 1609._o notable_a case_n between_o some_o merchant_n of_o hamburgh_n that_o be_v plaintiff_n and_o michaël_n butardus_n and_o other_o defendant_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o tours_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o but_o that_o ceremony_n have_v by_o most_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n out_o of_o respect_n and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o dominion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o this_o particular_a more_o at_o large_a i_o know_v very_o well_o 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o all_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o admiral_n and_o the_o remainder_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o find_v they_o and_o that_o the_o french_a do_v reckon_v very_o many_o commander_n in_o chief_a at_o sea_n or_o admiral_n in_o a_o line_n sometime_o continue_v and_o sometime_o interrupt_v which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o begin_v from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o son_n of_o st._n lewis_n that_o be_v from_o the_o year_n mcclxxxiv_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o franc._n joannes_n feronius_n 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la and_o other_o but_o that_o division_n of_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v simple_o consider_v do_v prove_v any_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n no_o more_o than_o the_o ten_o of_o any_o prize_n take_v from_o a_o enemy_n at_o sea_n which_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n also_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o 5._o admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n right_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n to_o wit_n subject_n transfer_v unto_o the_o king_n not_o upon_o any_o title_n of_o dominion_n whereby_o any_o pretence_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o acquire_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o they_o be_v pay_v no_o otherwise_o then_o impost_n or_o custom_n in_o the_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o merchandise_n but_o no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v imagine_v that_o from_o such_o impost_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n any_o proof_n may_v be_v make_v of_o a_o dominion_n over_o those_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o merchant_n sail_n before_o they_o arrive_v neither_o indeed_o be_v there_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o this_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a before_o the_o time_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o say_v plain_o not_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v and_o be_v make_v a_o sharer_n of_o those_o good_n which_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o his_o subject_n out_o of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v as_o his_o own_o whatsoëver_n be_v leave_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o sea_n beside_o other_o emolument_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o by_o so_o ancient_a a_o right_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v bear_n be_v a_o date_n no_o less_o ancient_a than_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o and_o as_o for_o those_o admiral_n of_o france_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o chief_a commander_n of_o navy_n and_o person_n and_o of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o judicatories_n at_o home_o but_o not_o qualify_v as_o precedent_n of_o a_o sea-province_n or_o territory_n as_o the_o custodes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o english_a and_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o second_o book_n nevertheless_o from_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v concern_v the_o custom_n opinion_n or_o constitution_n among_o the_o french_a i_o suppose_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o serve_v his_o full_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o point_n in_o question_n the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n chap._n xix_o we_o find_v clear_a testimony_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n also_o of_o europe_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o polander_n to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v also_o the_o turk_n we_o have_v observe_v by_o the_o toll_v or_o custom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n what_o revenue_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o very_a navigation_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o be_v common_o know_v and_o what_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o royalty_n of_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v also_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n make_v a_o
also_o his_o seaman_n to_o keep_v all_o relief_n of_o victual_n from_o go_v to_o the_o enemy_n by_o sea_n he_o use_v the_o word_n pirate_n in_o this_o place_n as_o other_o of_o that_o age_n have_v do_v not_o for_o robber_n as_o it_o be_v common_o take_v but_o for_o such_o as_o be_v skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n be_v appoint_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o enemie_n fleet_n and_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n touch_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n the_o old_a scholiast_n upon_o sophocles_n his_o aiax_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v pira_fw-la in_o the_o attic_a tongue_n signifie'_v craft_n or_o art_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v call_v pirate_n which_o infest_v the_o sea_n but_o when_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n alfred_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o struggle_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n in_o england_n for_o gurmundus_fw-la or_o guthrunus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v at_o that_o time_n settle_v in_o northumberland_n as_o a_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n to_o alfred_n and_o have_v very_o large_a territory_n in_o the_o east-part_n of_o england_n their_o fight_v be_v most_o by_o sea_n as_o if_o they_o have_v both_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o which_o can_v get_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n will_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n become_v lord_n also_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o it_o for_o this_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o the_o dane_n grow_v strong_a at_o sea_n k._n alfred_n mighty_o augment_v his_o naval_a force_n by_o build_v ship_n twice_o as_o long_o as_o the_o danish_a ship_n deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o rock_v or_o roll_v and_o so_o much_o more_o convenient_a for_o sea-fights_a florentius_n the_o monk_n say_v in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mcccxcvii_o the_o force_n of_o the_o pagan_n reside_v in_o east-england_n and_o northumberland_n use_v piracie_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n do_v grievous_o infest_v the_o west-saxon's_a country_n with_o very_o long_a and_o nimble_a ship_n which_o they_o have_v build_v divers_a year_n before_o against_o who_o ship_n be_v build_v by_o the_o command_n of_o k._n alfred_n twice_o as_o long_o deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o wave_a or_o roll_v by_o who_o force_n he_o may_v subdue_v the_o aforesaid_a ship_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v relate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o word_n by_o roger_n hoveden_n but_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n speak_v express_o of_o the_o number_n of_o oar_n that_o serve_v for_o the_o row_v of_o these_o ship_n of_o alfred_n say_v king_n alfred_n cause_v long_a ship_n to_o be_v make_v ready_a to_o wit_n of_o 40_o oar_n or_o more_o against_o the_o danish_a ship_n but_o there_o be_v 897._o chronicle_n write_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n that_o speak_v of_o ship_n of_o 60_o oar_n and_o large_a build_v by_o he_o at_o that_o time_n out_o of_o which_o these_o writer_n abovementioned_a and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a sort_n have_v compile_v they_o the_o word_n of_o the_o chronicle_n be_v these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n alfred_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o long_a ship_n to_o encounter_v the_o danish_a but_o they_o be_v twice_o as_o long_o as_o these_o whereof_o some_o have_v sixty_o oar_n some_o more_o they_o be_v also_o more_o nimble_a less_o roll_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o other_o not_o build_v after_o the_o frisian_a or_o danish_a manner_n but_o such_o as_o he_o conceive_v most_o convenient_a for_o fight_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o business_n of_o ship_v be_v mighty_o advance_v in_o his_o reign_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a in_o order_n to_o the_o defence_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o we_o very_o often_o find_v that_o those_o sea_n fight_v manage_v by_o alfred_n and_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o various_a success_n against_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v undertake_v not_o without_o great_a number_n of_o ship_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n athelstan_n who_o be_v very_o strong_a at_o sea_n upon_o the_o irish_a nation_n say_v 5._o huntingdon_n and_o those_o that_o dwell_v in_o ship_n there_o fall_v a_o fatal_a destruction_n the_o english-saxon_a word_n in_o the_o ancient_a chronicle_n from_o whence_o huntingdon_n translate_v those_o and_o which_o agree_v with_o the_o these_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o full_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o scotish_n nation_n and_o scot_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n often_o take_v for_o the_o irish._n he_o also_o say_v the_o same_o author_n lead_v a_o huge_a army_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n into_o northumberland_n and_o scotland_n and_o in_o regard_n there_o be_v none_o appear_v to_o make_v any_o opposition_n be_v march_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n and_o waste_v it_o at_o pleasure_n return_v with_o triumph_n whereupon_o say_v a_o 6._o poet_n of_o that_o time_n jam_fw-la cubat_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la fera_fw-fr barbary_n aquilonis_fw-la jam_fw-la iaceo_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it pelago_fw-la pirata_fw-la relicto_fw-la illicitas_fw-la toruásque_fw-la minas_fw-la analavus_n anhelans_fw-la now_o be_v the_o wild_a and_o barbarous_a north_n bring_v down_o now_o analave_n the_o pirate_n be_v overthrow_v who_o have_v leave_v the_o sea_n on_o land_n do_v lie_v and_o spiteful_a threat_n breath_n out_n against_o the_o sky_n this_o analavus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o 938._o irish_a and_o of_o many_o island_n who_o invade_v the_o coast_n of_o athelstan_n with_o a_o fleet_n of_o dcxv_o ship_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n humber_n receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_n and_o be_v put_v to_o a_o most_o shameful_a flight_n but_o king_n edgar_n as_o say_v 937._o florentius_n of_o worcester_n sail_v about_o the_o north_n of_o britain_n with_o a_o great_a navy_n arrive_v at_o chester_n where_o his_o eight_o petty_a king_n meet_v he_o as_o he_o have_v give_v order_n who_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o and_o that_o they_o will_v assist_v he_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n or_o as_o 5._o huntingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n they_o all_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o declare_v themselves_o ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n among_o these_o petty_a king_n there_o be_v one_o maccusius_fw-la who_o hoveden_n and_o florentius_n call_v a_o king_n of_o very_a many_o island_n and_o florilegus_n a_o king_n of_o man_n and_o very_o many_o island_n william_n of_o malmsburie_n call_v he_o a_o arch_a pirate_n moreover_o the_o same_o king_n edgar_n as_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o splendour_n magnificence_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o epitome_n of_o his_o whole_a empire_n in_o sea-affair_n and_o ship_n do_v as_o say_v florentius_n and_o hoveden_n during_o his_o abode_n at_o chester_n enter_v into_o a_o boat_n wherein_o he_o be_v row_v by_o those_o petty_a king_n himself_z holding_z the_o stern_a and_o steer_v it_o about_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o be_v attend_v by_o all_o his_o duke_n and_o peer_n in_o such_o another_o vessel_n be_v sail_v from_o the_o palace_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n john_n baptist_n where_o a_o oration_n be_v make_v to_o he_o he_o return_v in_o the_o same_o pomp_n unto_o the_o palace_n in_o the_o very_a entry_n whereof_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v to_o his_o lord_n that_o then_o his_o successor_n may_v boast_v themselves_o king_n of_o england_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v thus_o attend_v by_o so_o many_o king_n and_o enjoy_v the_o state_n and_o glory_n of_o such_o honour_n or_o as_o malmsburie_n write_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n when_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v so_o great_a a_o prerogative_n of_o honour_n so_o many_o king_n as_o vassal_n to_o be_v ready_a always_o to_o assist_v with_o their_o force_n whensoëver_o they_o shall_v be_v require_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n there_o be_v also_o a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o the_o same_o florentius_n and_o the_o monk_n of_o malmsburie_n how_o that_o this_o king_n sail_v round_o about_o his_o sea_n every_o year_n and_o secure_v it_o with_o a_o constant_a guard_n and_o forces_n every_o summer_n say_v malmsburie_n immediate_o after_o easter_n be_v command_v his_o ship_n upon_o every_o shore_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o body_n sail_v usual_o with_o the_o eastern_a fleet_n to_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o then_o send_v it_o back_o he_o sail_v with_o the_o western_a fleet_n unto_o the_o northern_a and_o thence_o with_o the_o northern_a he_o return_v to_o the_o eastern_a be_v indeed_o very_o diligent_a to_o prevent_v the_o incursion_n of_o pirate_n that_o be_v behave_v himself_o in_o this_o manful_o as_o say_v florentius_n also_o and_o hoveden_n for_o the_o
protest_v that_o he_o behold_v the_o devil_n dance_v upon_o the_o heap_n of_o money_n &_o extreme_o rejoice_v whereupon_o he_o immediate_o command_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v one_o joâ—_n of_o so_o cruel_a a_o exaction_n but_o remit_v it_o for_o ever_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n after_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n command_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v every_o year_n to_o his_o navy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n ethelred_n by_o dis-counting_a 38_o year_n from_o the_o year_n 1051._o that_o year_n 1012._o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a wherein_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o danegeld_n be_v place_v according_a to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o prejudice_n at_o all_o that_o there_o seem_v perhaps_o to_o be_v one_o year_n over_o and_o above_o for_o such_o as_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o monk_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o difference_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v very_o frequent_a among_o they_o especial_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o careless_a confound_v of_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o king_n who_o beginning_n do_v various_o differ_v as_o every_o man_n know_v nor_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v sufficient_o agree_v touch_v the_o tribute_n and_o tax_n before_o the_o next_o or_o one_o thousand_o and_o thirteen_o year_n for_o concern_v that_o year_n florentius_n hoveden_n and_o other_o speak_v express_o thus_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tyrant_n swain_n give_v command_v to_o make_v ready_a provision_n in_o abundance_n for_o his_o navy_n and_o for_o payment_n of_o a_o almost_o intolerable_a tribute_n in_o like_a manner_n turkillus_n send_v out_o his_o command_n every_o where_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v pay_v to_o his_o fleet_n which_o lie_v at_o greenwich_n that_o fleet_n of_o xlv_o ship_n ride_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o thames_n near_o greenwich_n and_o then_o first_o receive_v their_o promise_a pay_n that_o be_v in_o that_o very_a year_n which_o be_v discount_v be_v the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n as_o ingulphus_n will_v have_v it_o wherefore_o its_o beginning_n be_v not_o ill_o place_v in_o that_o year_n without_o all_o question_n that_o ingulphus_n be_v a_o courtier_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o or_o a_o man_n of_o no_o mean_a account_n at_o the_o time_n wherein_o that_o be_v do_v which_o he_o relate_n so_o that_o especial_a credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v he_o in_o this_o particular_a whereas_o also_o he_o say_v that_o king_n edward_n remit_v danegeld_v for_o ever_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v affirm_v also_o by_o roger_n hoveden_n and_o matthew_n the_o monk_n of_o westminster_n who_o say_v in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n mli_o king_n edward_n absolve_v the_o people_n of_o england_n from_o that_o most_o grievous_a tribute_n of_o 38_o thousand_o pound_n which_o be_v usual_o pay_v to_o the_o danish_a auxiliary_n during_o his_o father_n reign_n whereof_o we_o read_v also_o in_o cottonianâ_fw-la matthew_n paris_n but_o hoveden_n say_v k._n edward_n absolve_v the_o people_n of_o england_n from_o that_o grievous_a tribute_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n after_o that_o his_o father_n k._n ethelred_n have_v command_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a soldier_n other_o there_o be_v also_o that_o write_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n some_o of_o the_o annalibus_fw-la english_a saxon_a chronicle_n place_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o follow_a year_n and_o so_o affirm_v that_o there_o intervene_v 39_o year_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o tribute_n which_o also_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o heregild_n that_o be_v a_o military_a oâ—_n naval_a tribute_n to_o that_o abolishment_n of_o it_o by_o king_n edward_n nevertheless_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v its_o beginning_n they_o agree_v with_o ingulphus_n and_o hoveden_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n mlii_o those_o chronicle_n render_v it_o thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v k._n edward_n abolish_v that_o military_a tribute_n or_o heregild_n which_o have_v be_v former_o impose_v by_o k._n ethelred_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o nine_o and_o thirty_o year_n after_o it_o begin_v but_o yet_o in_o the_o author_n of_o that_o regis_fw-la dialogue_n concern_v the_o exchequer_n write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o second_o common_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v gervasius_n tilburiensis_n we_o read_v it_o be_v pay_v yearly_o even_o till_o the_o time_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o or_o the_o norman_a conquest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o fourteen_o year_n complete_a immediate_o after_o that_o abolishment_n for_o so_o long_o k._n edward_n reign_v who_o that_o william_n succeed_v the_o autor_n word_n be_v these_o the_o pirate_n of_o the_o adjacent_a island_n have_v make_v a_o irruption_n and_o spoil_v the_o seacoast_n carry_v away_o gold_n silver_n and_o all_o thing_n of_o any_o value_n but_o assoon_o as_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n set_v forth_o any_o preparation_n of_o war_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o nation_n they_o present_o â—â—ed_v away_o by_o sea_n but_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o and_o ever_o more_o incline_v to_o mischief_n be_v that_o warlike_a and_o populous_a nation_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a desire_n of_o prey_n press_v on_o the_o more_o furious_o because_o they_o lay_v claim_v to_o somewhat_o of_o ancient_a right_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o british_a history_n relate_n more_o at_o large_a therefore_o for_o the_o repel_v of_o they_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o two_o shilling_n silver_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n shall_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o custom_n for_o ever_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o valiant_a man_n who_o by_o scout_v about_o continual_o and_o guard_v the_o seacoast_n may_v repress_v the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n and_o in_o regard_n this_o revenue_n be_v appoint_v chief_o because_o of_o the_o dane_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v danegeld_v and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v pay_v by_o yearly_a custom_n as_o have_v be_v say_v under_o the_o english_a king_n until_o the_o time_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o who_o be_v of_o the_o norman_a stock_n and_o nation_n so_o that_o author_n who_o will_v have_v this_o tribute_n to_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o dane_n as_o if_o the_o navy_n have_v be_v maintain_v thereby_o chief_o to_o drive_v they_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n but_o questionless_a the_o first_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v out_o of_o the_o passage_n above_o mention_v though_o afterward_o there_o be_v a_o subsidy_n raise_v and_o tribute_n pay_v for_o the_o like_a fleet_n consist_v of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o danes_n or_o of_o english_a for_o the_o repel_v of_o the_o dane_n themselves_o which_o be_v not_o improper_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n touch_v the_o payment_n hereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o 15._o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o concern_v what_o he_o say_v here_o that_o two_o shilling_n silver_n upon_o every_o hide_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o this_o tribute_n the_o same_o be_v affirm_v also_o by_o other_o ancient_a autor_n as_o 482._o roger_n hoveden_n and_o initiis_fw-la matthew_n paris_n so_o that_o these_o man_n make_v the_o payment_n double_a to_o that_o which_o be_v before_o allege_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a the_o yearly_a payment_n of_o this_o tribute_n be_v value_v also_o by_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n &_o matthew_n paris_n at_o thirty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o particular_n already_o cite_v which_o true_o be_v write_v by_o they_o with_o very_o little_a discretion_n nor_o have_v they_o deal_v any_o better_a who_o set_v down_o that_o payment_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o pound_n as_o the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicle_n call_v ibid._n chronicum_fw-la melrosense_n for_o at_o what_o rate_n soëver_o that_o tribute_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n it_o appear_v for_o certain_a that_o the_o stipend_n usual_o allow_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n be_v so_o uncertain_a that_o they_o be_v set_v sometime_o high_o sometime_o lower_v as_o we_o must_v suppose_v it_o can_v not_o otherwise_o happen_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o ship_n and_o force_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o which_o also_o there_o be_v example_n among_o historian_n florentius_n in_o the_o year_n mxiv_o say_v k._n ethelred_n give_v command_v that_o the_o tribute_n amount_v to_o thirty_o thousand_o 〈◊〉_d shall_v be_v levy_v for_o the_o fleet_n which_o lie_v at_o greenwich_n so_o also_o hoveden_n but_o the_o cottonianâ_fw-la english-saxon_a chronicle_n
of_o the_o abbey_n of_o abingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o year_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n command_v that_o 21000_o shall_v be_v pay_v to_o his_o army_n for_o so_o that_o fleet_n be_v call_v every_o where_n in_o english_a saxon_n which_o ride_v at_o greenwich_n here_o you_o see_v be_v no_o small_a difference_n in_o the_o number_n of_o pound_n but_o howsoever_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v of_o the_o yearly_a tax_n or_o tribute_n than_o it_o be_v far_o less_o this_o year_n than_o it_o be_v reckon_v by_o those_o monk_n who_o speak_v of_o thirty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n four_o year_n after_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n canutus_n who_o be_v a_o dane_n a_o far_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o fleet._n that_o florentius_n who_o we_o have_v often_o cite_v say_v in_o this_o year_n that_o be_v mxviii_o seventie_o two_o thousand_o pound_n out_o of_o all_o england_n and_o one_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o pound_n out_o of_o london_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o there_o remain_v forty_o ship_n with_o k._n canutus_n but_o the_o rest_n be_v return_v to_o denmark_n of_o which_o year_n hoveden_n speak_v thus_o out_o of_o all_o england_n seventie_o two_o and_o out_o of_o london_n 410_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet._n and_o there_o remain_v etc._n etc._n they_o differ_v about_o the_o sum_n not_o the_o thing_n wherein_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n before_o mention_v yet_o these_o altogether_o speak_v contrary_a to_o that_o account_n of_o the_o certain_a sum_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a monk_n but_o cottonianâ_fw-la matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_n say_v of_o the_o same_o time_n that_o cnute_n send_v home_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o stipendarie_n soldier_n except_o forty_o ship_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o have_v pay_v they_o out_o of_o all_o england_n eighty_o two_o thousand_o pound_n in_o silver_n also_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n hardeâ—nute_n a_o tax_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet_n amount_v to_o 21000_o pound_n and_o 89_o pound_n as_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o we_o all_o which_o particular_n do_v i_o suppose_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o danish_a tribute_n here_o mention_v be_v not_o fix_v to_o any_o certain_a sum_n of_o yearly_a payment_n and_o also_o that_o a_o huge_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n else_o be_v that_o fleet_n always_o keep_v and_o so_o great_a tax_n levy_v every_o year_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o the_o name_n of_o danegeld_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n tribute_n or_o tax_n be_v usual_o pay_v still_o notwithstanding_o by_o other_o name_n that_o be_v very_o well_o know_v for_o the_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o but_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v even_o they_o who_o agree_v either_o with_o john_n 57_o bramton_n the_o abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n or_o some_o other_o author_n out_o of_o who_o he_o write_v it_o or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o derive_v the_o original_a of_o that_o yearly_a danegeld_n so_o often_o mention_v every_o where_o from_o the_o former_a kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o dane_n for_o the_o procure_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o they_o also_o who_o 95._o will_v have_v the_o war_n to_o have_v be_v undertake_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n against_o the_o britain_n because_o they_o deny_v they_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n and_o that_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v that_o this_o tribute_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n impose_v upon_o the_o nation_n when_o it_o be_v subdue_v now_o as_o concern_v the_o duty_n of_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o that_o age_n for_o naval_a expedition_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v set_v they_o down_o among_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o king_n edgar_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n the_o petty_a king_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a isle_n be_v bind_v to_o he_o by_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o in_o that_o famous_a breviarie_n or_o register_n of_o england_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n contain_v very_o many_o custom_n in_o use_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a beside_o the_o assessment_n of_o the_o province_n and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o we_o read_v thus_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n at_o warwick_n if_o the_o king_n go_v by_o sea_n against_o his_o enemy_n to_o send_v he_o either_o iu_o batsuein_n sea-soldier_n or_o rower_n or_o else_o iv._o pound_n in_o money_n and_o at_o excester_n when_o he_o make_v any_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o by_o sea_n this_o city_n serve_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o v._o hide_v of_o land_n barnestaple_n lydeford_n and_o totenais_n serve_v as_o far_o as_o that_o city_n that_o be_v these_o three_o town_n pay_v as_o much_o as_o excester_n alone_o moreover_o gloucester_n yield_v xxxvi_o dicre_n of_o iron_n and_o c._n iron_n rod_n fit_v to_o make_v nail_n for_o the_o king_n ship_n leicester_n also_o if_o the_o king_n go_v against_o his_o enemy_n by_o sea_n send_v he_o four_o horse_n from_o that_o town_n to_o london_n to_o carry_v arm_n or_o other_o necessary_n concern_v lewes_n also_o a_o chief_a town_n in_o sussex_n there_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v cxxvii_o burgher_n at_o his_o service_n their_o custom_n be_v if_o the_o king_n go_v not_o himself_o in_o person_n but_o send_v other_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n than_o they_o collect_v xx._n shilling_n of_o every_o man_n of_o what_o country_n soëver_o he_o be_v and_o provide_v man_n who_o be_v to_o look_v to_o the_o arm_n on_o shipboard_n here_o very_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o guardianship_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o in_o colchester_n a_o eminent_a town_n of_o essex_n we_o find_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n to_o pay_v out_o of_o every_o house_n six_o penny_n a_o year_n that_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n soldier_n upon_o a_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o rate_n if_o the_o king_n shall_v entertain_v soldier_n or_o make_v any_o expedition_n all_o these_o particular_n be_v in_o that_o register_n and_o other_o there_o be_v in_o it_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o a_o expedition_n by_o sea_n signify_v in_o these_o testimony_n not_o a_o war_n to_o be_v undertake_v for_o subdue_a the_o dominion_n of_o their_o neighbour_n land_n but_o most_o clear_o a_o preparation_n and_o enterprise_n of_o war_n for_o the_o guard_n scour_a and_o keep_v the_o sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o britain_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o time_n for_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o our_o english-saxons_a or_o dane_n have_v any_o other_o quarrel_n at_o that_o time_n with_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n whatsoëver_o unless_o it_o concern_v either_o the_o british_a island_n or_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o which_o also_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n chap._n xii_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n set_v a_o end_n to_o that_o fourfold_a distribution_n which_o we_o make_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o that_o age_n let_v we_o in_o the_o last_o place_n add_v the_o express_a determination_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o canutus_n concern_v their_o own_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o for_o edgar_n the_o title_n which_o he_o common_o use_v run_v thus_o 8._o i_o edgar_n sovereign_a lord_n of_o all_o albion_n and_o of_o the_o maritime_a or_o insular_n king_n inhabit_v round_o about_o so_o he_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o maritime_a kingdom_n that_o lay_v about_o that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o this_o he_o more_o plain_o declare'_v in_o the_o charter_n or_o deed_n by_o which_o he_o settle_v revenue_n on_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n in_o the_o year_n dcccclxiv_n if_o so_o be_v the_o copy_n be_v right_o render_v by_o those_o who_o many_o year_n since_o print_v so_o
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n institute_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n here_o call_v to_o mind_v those_o observation_n touch_v this_o kind_n of_o guard_n which_o have_v be_v already_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o record_n or_o breviarie_n of_o england_n call_v doomsday_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v florentius_n of_o worcester_n give_v order_n to_o his_o butsecarli_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o take_v care_n that_o no_o person_n from_o the_o part_n of_o normandy_n approach_v the_o english_a coast_n the_o same_o say_v roger_n hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o save_v only_o that_o the_o print_a copy_n err_v in_o put_v buzsecarlis_n for_o butsecarlis_n these_o butsecarli_n or_o butescarles_n in_o the_o old_a english_a language_n be_v officer_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea-soldier_n as_o hutesecarli_n be_v domestic_a servant_n or_o officer_n in_o court_n and_o that_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n here_o signify_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n itself_o not_o to_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n as_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o it_o do_v with_o land-force_n plain_o appear_v out_o of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o who_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o person_n who_o thus_o guard_v the_o sea_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n against_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v then_o prepare_v a_o expedition_n against_o england_n now_o those_o public_a record_n be_v lose_v wherein_o the_o royal_a commission_n for_o the_o delegation_n of_o this_o command_n or_o government_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n betwixt_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n john_n but_o from_o thence_o through_o all_o the_o succeed_a age_n unto_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o constitute_v governor_n or_o commander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o guard_v the_o english_a sea_n and_o be_v the_o guardian_n or_o governor_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v some_o province_n upon_o land_n first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v 9_o entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o maritimae_n and_o marinae_fw-la the_o maritime_a and_o marine_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n understand_v by_o those_o word_n not_o only_o some_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n but_o comprehend_v the_o british_a sea_n itself_o though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o such_o as_o be_v to_o guard_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o title_n sometime_o of_o custodes_fw-la navium_fw-la guardian_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o more_o frequent_o custodes_fw-la maritimae_n or_o marinae_fw-la in_o the_o sens_fw-fr aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o thomas_n de_fw-fr moleton_n be_v style_v 3._o captain_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v authority_n give_v he_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o eastern_a shore_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n be_v say_v to_o guard_v the_o dorso_fw-la coast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o sea_n so_o hugh_n de_fw-fr crequeur_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o 14._o cinque-port_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o those_o part_n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n very_o often_o change_v into_o that_o of_o admiral_n edward_n the_o first_o say_v thomas_n of_o 1295._o walsingham_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v his_o ship_n into_o three_o fleet_n set_v over_o they_o three_o admiral_n namely_o over_o the_o ship_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o the_o road_n thereabouts_o john_n the_o botetort_n over_o those_o at_o portsmouth_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n and_o over_o the_o western_a and_o irish_a ship_n a_o certain_a irish_a knight_n moreover_o also_o that_o john_n de_fw-fr butetort_n be_v in_o the_o 5._o record_n of_o that_o time_n style_v custos_fw-la maritimae_n as_o be_v other_o also_o after_o this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o three_o admiral_n of_o the_o three_o several_a coast_n of_o england_n say_v 22._o walsingham_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n namely_o sir_n john_n oturvin_n sir_n nicolas_n kyriel_n sir_n john_n felton_n we_o find_v moreover_o in_o our_o 2._o public_a record_n that_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o be_v de_n treter_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n d'escoce_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a i._n e._n that_o consultation_n may_v be_v have_v concern_v keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n also_o of_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o island_n or_o land-province_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n together_o make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n other_o evidence_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o find_v in_o the_o 21._o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n time_n or_o in_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o whilst_o they_o treat_v indifferent_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr concern_v the_o safeguard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufeguard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_n the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o to_o declare_v be_v well_o inform_v by_o their_o ancestor_n that_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o the_o business_n debate_v by_o they_o be_v not_o only_a how_o to_o provide_v a_o navy_n to_o make_v resistance_n against_o their_o enemy_n by_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o so_o for_o the_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o king_n in_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o hugh_n calverlee_n be_v make_v admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v parâ—_n walsingham_n and_o m_o r_o thomas_n percy_n join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o to_o scour_v the_o road_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o one_o year_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o two_o succeed_a henries_n the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o debate_n be_v have_v in_o 6._o parliament_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o the_o guard_n 27._o of_o the_o sea_n be_v with_o a_o numerous_a navy_n commit_v to_o richard_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n john_n earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n john_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z james_z earl_n of_o wilts_n to_o who_o be_v add_v baron_n sturton_n and_o afterward_o to_o john_n duke_n
oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n chap._n xviii_o that_o there_o be_v admiral_n also_o constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n be_v know_v to_o every_o man_n and_o as_o there_o be_v a_o admiral_n appoint_v in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n to_o oversee_v maritime_a affair_n there_o so_o also_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n there_o be_v distinct_a office_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o adjoin_a coast_n but_o the_o french_a lawyer_n of_o late_a be_v wont_a to_o call_v their_o admiral_n in_o latin_a praefectus_fw-la maris_fw-la governor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o also_o as_o a_o governor_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v right_o consider_v that_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o what_o name_n soëver_o it_o be_v call_v do_v not_o signify_v as_o among_o the_o english_a any_o dominion_n of_o one_o have_v command_n in_o any_o near_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o marseille_n which_o have_v no_o relation_n hereunto_o but_o only_o of_o their_o naval_a force_n in_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n and_o moveable_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n pour_fw-fr raison_fw-fr ou_fw-fr occasion_n as_o they_o 2._o say_v the_o faict_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr that_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o upon_o occasion_n of_o any_o suit_n or_o controversy_n arise_v about_o sea-affair_n for_o the_o more_o plain_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o must_v make_v far_a enquiry_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v indeed_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o sea_n affair_n among_o the_o french_a yet_o so_o that_o their_o writer_n do_v not_o a_o little_a differ_v about_o the_o original_n of_o the_o dignity_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n say_v that_o rotlandus_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o aremorica_n or_o alii_fw-la bretaign_v under_o charlemaign_n who_o they_o fetch_v out_o of_o eginhartus_n who_o write_v the_o life_n of_o charles_n at_o that_o time_n but_o in_o eginhartus_fw-la he_o be_v express_o call_v governor_n not_o of_o the_o british_a sea_n but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britaign_n as_o we_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n in_o which_o name_n there_o be_v a_o description_n not_o of_o one_o that_o govern_n the_o sea_n as_o a_o province_n but_o who_o command_n be_v the_o shore_n as_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o dignity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o those_o count_n or_o officer_n be_v who_o be_v 4._o depute_v in_o that_o age_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o secure_v it_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n by_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o a_o 22._o nameless_a author_n of_o a_o chronicle_n belong_v to_o a_o monastery_n call_v monasterium_fw-la besuense_a who_o write_v that_o this_o guard_n of_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o caroline_n king_n be_v give_v over_o a_o little_a after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemaign_n but_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v divide_v as_o it_o whereby_o piece-meal_n into_o several_a principalite_n that_o which_o a_o long_o retain_v this_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v reduce_v into_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n that_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n be_v hold_v by_o sovereign_a earl_n of_o its_o own_o aquitain_n or_o the_o western_a shore_n which_o lie_v more_o southerly_a with_o normandy_n by_o the_o english_a bretaign_a either_o by_o king_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o same_o and_o flanders_n by_o earl_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o whole_a sea-coast_n except_o picardy_n remain_v separate_v from_o that_o kingdom_n there_o be_v sea_n little_a enough_o lie_v before_o it_o yea_o and_o the_o naval_a force_n be_v small_a enough_o of_o which_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o large_a sea-coast_n to_o the_o french_a kingdom_n there_o be_v most_o use_v in_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o holy_a war._n nor_o be_v any_o other_o governor_n wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o admiral_n than_o he_o who_o as_o occasion_v require_v be_v put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o navy_n and_o military_a affair_n by_o sea_n yea_o and_o be_v borrow_v from_o some_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o genoeses_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o the_o king_n themselves_o have_v at_o that_o time_n no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v express_o write_v by_o johannes_n tilius_fw-la a_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n his_o word_n be_v these_o 90._o after_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v lessen_v by_o division_n and_o the_o king_n confine_v to_o more_o narrow_a dominion_n because_o they_o have_v potent_a vassal_n who_o enjoy_v feud_n with_o absolute_a sovereignty_n if_o you_o except_o their_o homage_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hold_v the_o dutchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o aquitain_n britain_n have_v a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o and_o slander_n tholouse_n and_o provence_n have_v their_o earl_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o admiral_n until_o they_o undertake_v the_o expedition_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n at_o which_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o genoeses_n who_o they_o hire_v with_o spaniard_n or_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o be_v well_o skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n to_o under-take_a the_o care_n of_o transportation_n have_v no_o office_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o have_v many_o admiral_n in_o one_o single_a expedition_n but_o after_o that_o the_o english_a have_v quit_v normandy_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v get_v ground_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o use_n of_o sea-affair_n also_o be_v somewhat_o augment_v that_o be_v to_o say_v about_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o first_o admiral_n that_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o french_a dignity_n of_o who_o any_o memory_n be_v leave_v to_o posterity_n be_v enguerandus_fw-la coucaeus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o bold_a king_n of_o france_n or_o about_o the_o year_n 1280_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o joannes_n feronius_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o dignity_n his_o be_v appear_v sufficient_o thence_o that_o his_o next_o successor_n matthew_n momorancie_n and_o john_n harcourt_n be_v only_o upon_o a_o particular_a occasion_n put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o sea-force_n by_o philip_n the_o fair_a as_o we_o 183._o understand_v by_o their_o commission_n yea_o and_o they_o be_v mention_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr nangis_n by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n as_o other_o also_o be_v by_o hollandiae_fw-la joannes_n de_fw-fr beka_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a although_o 14._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la reckon's_n amaurius_n viscount_n of_o narbonne_n to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bear_v the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n in_o france_n as_o a_o constant_a settle_a office_n over_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o charles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o france_n that_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1300_o while_o france_n other_o be_v too_o busy_a in_o sum_v up_o divers_a other_o particular_n touch_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o command_n among_o the_o french_a afterward_o aquitain_n be_v add_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1453._o henry_n the_o sixth_o of_o england_n be_v drive_v out_o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1481._o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n in_o the_o year_n 1491._o the_o duchy_n of_o bretaign_n and_o last_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o year_n all_o that_o the_o english_a hold_v in_o picardy_n be_v add_v also_o so_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n except_o belgium_n return_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n hereupon_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o four_o sea-government_n or_o admiralship_n be_v afterward_o in_o use_n therein_o notwithstanding_o that_o sometime_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n hold_v several_a together_o but_o of_o these_o the_o government_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n be_v at_o this_o day_n usual_o call_v the_o admiralship_n of_o france_n because_o before_o that_o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n aquitain_n and_o bretaigne_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o only_a maritime_a government_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n be_v that_o of_o picardy_n whereto_o normandy_n be_v add_v afterward_o as_o the_o next_o province_n the_o other_o three_o be_v denominate_v from_o their_o respective_a province_n the_o whole_a matter_n be_v very_o well_o set_v forth_o by_o renatus_n choppinus_n
12._o there_o be_v say_v he_o four_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a sea_n who_o bear_v a_o equal_a command_n under_o a_o different_a title_n and_o upon_o several_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o in_o ancient_a time_n aquitain_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a bretaign_v by_o its_o duke_n provence_n by_o hereditary_a earl_n not_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o at_o that_o time_n the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v command_v only_o over_o the_o belgic_a sea_n of_o picardy_n and_o normandy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o coast_n of_o bretaign_n but_o then_o all_o the_o other_o border_a prince_n choose_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o admiral_n peculiar_o for_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o aquitain_n and_o the_o country_n of_o provence_n and_o bretaign_v be_v bring_v into_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n the_o king_n suppose_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o innovate_v any_o thing_n appoint_v a_o lieutenant_n and_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n likewise_o a_o governor_n of_o bretaign_n with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o the_o province_n of_o gallia_n narbonensis_n in_o a_o manner_n distinct_a and_o apart_o from_o the_o rest_n but_o the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a admiral_n be_v settle_v at_o paris_n and_o rouen_n so_o he_o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o write_v that_o there_o be_v prince_n not_o a_o few_o who_o hold_v the_o seacoast_n as_o beneficiaries_n that_o enjoy_v the_o power_n of_o admiral_n in_o their_o territory_n but_o we_o have_v edict_n and_o decree_n concern_v the_o admiral_n be_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o maritime_a force_n affair_n and_o person_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 10._o charles_n the_o five_o and_o sixth_o lewis_n the_o 12_o the_o francis_n the_o first_o henry_n the_o 2_o d_o &_o 3_o d_o and_o other_o king_n of_o france_n as_o also_o touch_v the_o ten_o of_o spoil_n take_v from_o enemy_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o relate_v unto_o the_o good_n and_o person_n of_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o navigation_n whatsoêver_o and_o in_o these_o edict_n he_o be_v sometime_o call_v by_o the_o king_n nostre_fw-fr 148â—_n lieutenant_n general_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr &_o greve_n d'icelle_n that_o be_v our_o lieutenant_n general_a throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n thereof_o but_o this_o lieutenant_n or_o governor_n as_o they_o plea_n to_o call_v he_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v never_o at_o all_o in_o command_n over_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n as_o over_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n to_o be_v defend_v for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n only_o over_o the_o 3._o naval_a force_n person_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a jurisdiction_n much_o after_o the_o same_o 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hastings_n and_o wimund_n de_fw-fr winchelsey_n and_o other_o of_o our_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o other_o our_o faithful_a sturemanni_n and_o marinelli_n of_o our_o galley_n to_o arrest_v all_o ship_n that_o they_o shall_v find_v and_o they_o safe_o to_o bring_v with_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o they_o into_o england_n and_o therefore_o we_o command_v you_o that_o you_o be_v attend_v upon_o they_o in_o this_o business_n so_o that_o you_o be_v in_o england_n with_o all_o your_o ship_n and_o merchandise_n at_o such_o port_n and_o coast_n as_o they_o shall_v appoint_v you_o and_o if_o any_o shall_v attempt_v to_o resist_v they_o contrary_a to_o our_o command_n you_o our_o liege-man_n be_v require_v to_o assist_v they_o with_o all_o your_o strength_n as_o you_o tender_v your_o selus_fw-la and_o your_o chattel_n and_o peace_n and_o residence_n in_o our_o land_n for_o you_o or_o any_o of_o your_o generation_n witness_v hereunto_o william_n briwr_n at_o lutegar_n 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and_o other_o as_o well_o stranger_n as_o native_n enemy_n as_o well_o as_o friend_n may_v free_o lawful_o and_o without_o peril_n go_v unto_o pass_z to_z and_o fro_o and_o frequent_v the_o say_a isle_n and_o the_o place_n upon_o the_o coast_n thereof_o with_o their_o ship_n merchandise_n and_o good_n as_o well_o for_o shelter_v from_o foul_a weather_n as_o upon_o any_o other_o their_o lawful_a occasion_n and_o there_o to_o use_v free_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n and_o to_o abide_v with_o safety_n and_o security_n and_o to_o come_v away_o thence_o and_o return_v at_o pleasure_n without_o any_o damage_n trouble_n or_o hostility_n whatsoëver_o in_o their_o affair_n merchandise_n good_n or_o body_n and_o that_o not_o only_o near_o the_o island_n and_o place_n aforesaid_a upon_o the_o coast_n and_o their_o precinct_n but_o also_o within_o the_o space_n distant_a from_o they_o as_o far_o as_o a_o man_n may_v ken_v that_o be_v so_o far_a as_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n can_v attain_v 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the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n chap._n xxiii_o i_o shall_v next_o of_o all_o cite_v several_a public_a record_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n wherein_o the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n express_o assert_v as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o that_o both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o as_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n as_o they_o be_v debate_v about_o other_o matter_n for_o that_o be_v the_o sixth_o head_n of_o the_o former_a division_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o intitle_n himself_o and_o his_o predecessor_n lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v round_o about_o in_o the_o several_a commission_n give_v to_o geoffry_n de_fw-fr say_v governor_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a sea_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr norwich_n of_o the_o northern_a the_o limit_n of_o distinction_n beginning_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o thames_n out_o of_o which_o record_v we_o here_o set_v down_o theform_v which_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v consider_v so_o far_o as_o it_o make_v to_o this_o purpose_n 16._o the_o king_n to_o his_o belove_a and_o trusty_n geoffry_n de_fw-fr say_v admiral_n of_o his_o fleet_n of_o ship_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n towards_o the_o western_a part_n greeting_n whereas_o we_o have_v of_o late_o command_v you_o by_o our_o letter_n that_o you_o together_o with_o certain_a ship_n out_o of_o the_o cinque-port_n which_o we_o have_v order_v to_o be_v furnish_v and_o make_v ready_a for_o war_n according_a to_o our_o command_n shall_v set_v forth_o to_o sea_n to_o oppose_v and_o resist_v certain_a galley_n provide_v and_o enforce_v with_o man_n of_o war_n in_o divers_a foreign_a part_n which_o as_o we_o be_v inform_v be_v set_v out_o towards_o the_o part_n of_o our_o dominion_n to_o aggriev_n we_o and_o our_o people_n or_o else_o to_o turn_v their_o course_n towards_o the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n for_o the_o relief_n and_o succour_n of_o our_o enemy_n there_o and_o in_o regard_n it_o have_v be_v relate_v by_o some_o that_o galley_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o the_o number_n of_o xxvi_o be_v new_o come_v to_o the_o coast_n of_o bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o do_v still_o abide_v there_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o do_v what_o mischief_n they_o can_v against_o we_o and_o we_o or_o to_o succour_v our_o say_a enemy_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a we_o call_v to_o mind_n that_o our_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v before_o these_o time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n yea_o and_o defender_n thereof_o against_o the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n and_o see_v it_o will_v very_o much_o grieve_v we_o if_o our_o kingly_a honour_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o defence_n shall_v which_o god_n forbid_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o time_n or_o in_o any_o sort_n diminish_v and_o desire_v with_o god_n help_n to_o prevent_v danger_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o provide_v for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o our_o subject_n and_o to_o restrain_v the_o malice_n of_o our_o eenemy_n we_o do_v therefore_o strict_o require_v and_o charge_v you_o by_o the_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n wherein_o you_o stand_v bind_v according_a to_o the_o special_a trust_n repose_v in_o you_o that_o immediate_o upon_o sight_n of_o these_o present_n and_o without_o any_o far_a delay_n you_o do_v set_v forth_o to_o sea_n with_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o port_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o other_o ship_n which_o be_v now_o ready_a and_o that_o you_o arrest_v the_o other_o ship_n in_o obedience_n to_o our_o command_n which_o we_o late_o require_v you_o to_o arrest_v but_o so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a and_o 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the_o time_n of_o that_o decision_n the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o of_o france_n or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlv_o the_o other_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiv_o they_o be_v both_o object_v by_o those_o who_o require_v a_o strike_n of_o sail_n to_o they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o french_a king_n even_o without_o the_o bound_n of_o france_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o edict_n do_v not_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n confine_v upon_o france_n upon_o which_o ground_n also_o they_o offer_v violence_n to_o certain_a hamburger_n who_o refuse_v to_o do_v this_o and_o seize_v they_o as_o guilty_a of_o contempt_n against_o the_o dignity_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a by_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o this_o thing_n say_v servinus_fw-la it_o may_v be_v say_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n of_o the_o realm_n make_v injunction_n to_o strike_v and_o come_v aboard_o have_v not_o be_v observe_v and_o be_v not_o to_o this_o day_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o of_o the_o year_n 1555._o have_v be_v verify_v in_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o defendant_n do_v report_v only_o a_o extract_n out_o of_o the_o register_n of_o broüage_n which_o indeed_o be_v evident_a enough_o when_o that_o edict_n be_v object_v by_o the_o 254._o same_o man_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o old_a obsolete_a law_n and_o that_o which_o prove'_v it_o be_v the_o new_a ordinance_n of_o the_o year_n 1584._o for_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o new_a law_n if_o the_o old_a one_o have_v be_v keep_v and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o last_o have_v not_o be_v verify_v simple_o but_o as_o it_o be_v promote_v by_o person_n in_o power_n at_o that_o time_n it_o do_v not_o pass_v without_o resistance_n but_o be_v register_v and_o publish_v with_o the_o qualification_n require_v by_o the_o procurator_n general_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o executor_n according_a to_o the_o 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lieutenant_n mais_fw-fr combatant_n encontre_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr float_n que_fw-fr silz_n puent_a estre_fw-fr pris_fw-fr quill_n soient_fw-fr reputez_fw-fr come_v enemy_n &_o leur_fw-fr ness_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr pris_fw-fr &_o forfeit_n come_v biens_fw-fr des_fw-fr enemy_n tout_fw-fr soit_fw-fr que_fw-fr les_fw-fr mistress_n ou_fw-fr possessor_n d'_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr voudroient_fw-fr venir_fw-fr apres_fw-fr &_o alleguer_v mesme_n les_fw-fr nef_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr estre_fw-fr des_fw-fr amy_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr &_o que_fw-fr la_fw-fr menye_n estant_fw-fr en_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr soient_fw-fr chastiez_fw-fr per_fw-la emprisonement_n de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr corpse_n pour_fw-fr leur_fw-fr rebelleté_fw-fr par_fw-fr discretion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v shall_v meet_v any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o by_o sea_n either_o lade_v or_o empty_a that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o strike_v their_o sail_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n governor_n or_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n but_o make_v resistance_n against_o they_o which_o belong_v to_o his_o fleet_n that_o then_o they_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v enemy_n if_o they_o may_v be_v take_v yea_o and_o their_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v confiscate_v as_o the_o good_n of_o enemy_n and_o that_o though_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n shall_v allege_v afterwards_o that_o the_o same_o ship_n and_o good_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n but_o that_o the_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o imprisonment_n at_o discretion_n for_o their_o rebellion_n it_o be_v account_v treason_n if_o any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o have_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o own_o sea_n by_o strike_v sail_n and_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v protect_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o amity_n who_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a presume_v 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that_o libel_n by_o so_o many_o nation_n moreover_o true_o it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o about_o the_o very_a same_o time_n to_o wit_n a_o little_a before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o league_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o french_a king_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o 40b._o aquitain_n the_o earldom_n of_o pontois_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v in_o france_n that_o he_o be_v also_o whole_o deprive_v of_o they_o some_o time_n before_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o alii_fw-la paris_n yea_o and_o that_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o king_n john_n be_v out_v of_o normandy_n and_o yet_o afterward_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o and_o then_o regain_v a_o possession_n of_o it_o and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n and_o of_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o libel_n which_o serve_v all_o to_o this_o end_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o aforesaid_a famous_a controversy_n arise_v about_o 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truth_n have_v be_v so_o indeed_o whereby_o also_o that_o be_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v whereof_o we_o discourse_v before_o about_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o in_o the_o late_a commission_n of_o the_o office_n of_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n for_o limit_n only_o of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o province_n thereof_o under_o their_o protection_n moreover_o also_o about_o seven_o year_n before_o the_o exhibit_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a libel_n to_o the_o commissioner_n when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o divers_a heinous_a injury_n do_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o english_a in_o this_o sea_n require_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v the_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n because_o of_o aquitain_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v under_o he_o in_o france_n shall_v be_v question_v not_o only_o for_o wrong_v do_v but_o also_o for_o his_o right_n to_o those_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n the_o matter_n be_v set_v down_o at_o large_a in_o the_o letter_n of_o summons_n he_o insert_v nothing_o therein_o whereby_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o arrogate_v any_o sea-dominion_n at_o all_o to_o himself_o or_o diminish_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o 1293._o i_o lorilegus_fw-la who_o have_v set_v down_o a_o entire_a copy_n of_o they_o in_o his_o annal_n the_o same_o author_n also_o speak_v of_o the_o same_o time_n say_v 1294._o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o law_n over_o the_o sea_n man_n but_o what_o every_o man_n be_v able_a to_o catch_v or_o snatch_v he_o call_v his_o own_o which_o plain_o denote_n a_o extraordinary_a licence_n or_o of_o depredation_n and_o infest_v the_o sea_n yet_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o incomparable_a power_n of_o the_o english_a in_o ship_n which_o guard_v their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n be_v chief_o signify_v thereby_o the_o king_n very_o free_o permit_v his_o subject_n to_o use_v depredation_n by_o sea_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n continue_v for_o florilegus_n himself_o relate_n that_o great_a number_n both_o of_o french_a and_o spaniard_n be_v then_o take_v at_o sea_n by_o the_o english_a yea_o and_o about_o 1297_o that_o time_n thomas_n of_o walsingham_n write_v that_o either_o a_o french_a or_o norman_a navy_n of_o two_o hundred_o sail_n which_o rove_v about_o this_o sea_n to_o rob_v the_o english_a be_v overcome_v by_o a_o fleet_n of_o sixty_o english_a ship_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n there_o be_v also_o another_o ancient_a author_n of_o the_o same_o time_n when_o these_o affair_n be_v act_v who_o say_v ms._n that_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n mccxciv_o there_o fall_v out_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o seaman_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n of_o 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