Treaty that no Agreement is like to be made thereupon Then Sir Philip Meadow as We have directed him by your Instructions to him shall in Our name propound the Treaty of Rotschild to be the Terms of a Peace to be now setled between them with such Alterations as shall be found necessary upon occasion of the War since faln out between the said two Kings perswading both of them to center therein as that which is the likeliest means as affairs now stand to put an end to this unhappy and unchristian War And this you as Admiral of the Fleet shall also let both the Kings know And also that you shall be obliged by your Instructions to oppose that Party which shall refuse a reasonable Peace upon these grounds We holding our self engaged to propound this Treaty in respect We were one of the Mediators thereof 4 In case the said two Kings can be brought to a Treaty then a Cessation of all acts of Hostility is to be endeavoured between them in which Cessation it is to be expressed that no part of the Forces under the Command of the Elector of Brandenburg and that Confederate Army be transported into Zeland Funen or any other of the Isles where now the King of Sweden hath footing and that no relief of Men or Shipping be put into Coppenhagen nor any attempt made upon either of the said Kings by the Forces of any Prince or State whatsoever And you are authorized to use your endeavours that the Terms of the said Cessation be observed and to oppose whomsoever shall go about to break the same 5 And whereas We find that One great difficulty which the King of Denmark makes about treating separately with Sweden is because of his engagement to his Allies We have directed the said Sir Philip Meadow to let him know That this Peace being once concluded yea whilest it is Treating We shall use Our best endeavours to reconcile the King of Sweden unto the King of Poland and the Elector of Brandenburg and do not doubt but something very effectually may be done therein But we conceive it of absolute necessity in the first place to agree the said two Kings without which it is impossible to imagine that any peace at all can any way be concluded on And we hope that the States General of the United Provinces will likewise agree herein 6 You shall also take the first opportunity to deal very seriously with the King of Sweden touching his present War in Denmark letting him know that We apprehend it very dangerous both for him and all his Allies in respect of the great Combinations that are made against him both by Land and Sea which in all probability he will not be able to defend himself against And that whosoever comes in to his assistance must expect to engage himself in a War with Holland and those other States which are the Allies of Denmark being a War which at this time this Nation is in no condition to engage in nor is the Parliament now sitting satisfied so to do And that therefore the Counsell which We as his true Friend and Ally do find necessary to give him at this time is That he will apply himself to make a reasonable Peace with the King of Denmark upon the Treaty of Rotschild which We at his own desire did in some sort become the Garranty of Letting him further know that in case his Majesty shall not think fit to follow this Counsel We cannot satisfie Our self to give him any assistance the consequence whereof will be so great upon this Nation And in case the Dutch will be perswaded to say as much to the King of Denmark We doubt not but matters will be brought to a happy issue in those parts 7 In case the King of Denmark shall refuse to treat upon the Terms before expressed you shall let him know That although We have not interested Our self in this present War but have carried Our self as Neuter betwixt him and the King of Sweden Yet now We find the Interest of this Commonwealth so much concerned in this War That We held Our self obliged to make use of all the means God hath put into Our hands to put an end thereto And that having done what lies in Our power by Our Ministers in a friendly way without success We have found Our self necessitated to give assistance to the King of Sweden as Our Friend and Ally who having declared himself willing to make Peace upon the Terms of the Rotschild Treaty We thought it not for the Common good nor for the interest of England to suffer him to be opprest and totally ruined by the conjunction of so great and powerful Forces against him 8 And upon this state of the case and having by your self or Sir Philip Meadow Our said Envoy used your best endeavour as aforesaid for making a Peace And if the King of Sweden shall give satisfaction upon the Terms of Assistance you shall then with the Fleet under your Command assist the King of Sweden in a defensive way in the manner expressed in the following Article 9 You shall with the Fleet under your Command either alone or in conjunction with the Swedish Fleet hinder what in you lies the transporting of any part of the Confederate Army under the Command of the Elector of Brandenburg or by whom else the same is commanded into the Isles of Zeland and Funen or into any other of the places now possessed by the Swedes And if any attempt shall be made to do it you shall use the force that is in your hand to withstand and prevent it by whomsoever it shall be attempted 10 In case the Fleet of the King of Sweden shall be attempted by the Dane or by the Fleet of any other State separately or in conjunction with the Dane you shall use the Force which God hath given you to defend him 11 You shall also labour by the Fleet under your Command to hinder the carrying of any Succour or relief into Coppenhagen until the King of Denmark shall be willing to Treat upon the Terms expressed in the former Article and are hereby impowred to fight with any such as shall endeavour to carry in any such relief as aforesaid And are also impowred to authorize such number of the Fleet as you shall judge necessary under the Flag of Sweden to joyn with the Fleet of Sweden to pursue and assault his enemies for the better accommodating of the Termes of Peace as aforesaid 12 And because Our intention is to manage this business by Counsel and Correspondence with the States General of the United Provinces as also to prevent any further Engagement between the King of Sweden and the Lords the States in a Hostile way We have directed our Resident at the Hague to propound to the said States General that they will joyn with England and France in the making of this Peace upon the grounds of the Treaty of Rotschild and that in order
omitted the present attacking of the town to secure and fortifie their own quarters they therefore strengthen the out-works the Citizens had formerly quitted with pallisadoes they turn their breast-works against the town and in them and their ditches or moats dividing them near the sea and cutting them off from the rest of the said works they made a quarter large enough to contain all their foot and all their instruments of war This quarter was strengthened within with a ravelin and on the side towards the fields with a tenaille or tonge and being also scated betwixt the sea and St. George's lake was secured on the back side by the right wing of horse which lay in the Hollands village The rest of the horse except the guards disposed of upon the several avenues of the town were enquartered betwixt Uttersleve and Wartow in the open field ready in case the Citizens should sally again to oppose them upon their first appearance The Danes were no less busie on their side they cut down all the trees which which were in the Queens garden or else where planted as well for ornament as use without their gates they burnt such edifices as were yet standing and level their very rubbish with the ground lest the enemy might find any safety or shelter behind them Things being thus ordered on both sides the Danes full of hopes and encouraged by their former good fortunes prepare for another sally but being upon the point to march they were stayed by the sudden appearance of the Swedish horse descending the hill from Walbuy This unexpected sight did not only break their present design but filled them with amazement and jealousie whilest most of them apprehended there might be treason amongst themselves and a secret correspondence with the enemy from within But not knowing how that might be the town being so well guarded and at a loss who to suspect an uncertain rumour was spread abroad that a standard had been seen lift up and displayed upon Ulefeld's house which all concluded was done to give the enemy notice of what passed in the town by orders from that traytor as they called him to his King and Country But the said lodgings being visited and searched and some who were suspected examined and imprisoned though nothing got out of them this sear vanished But the true reason of this discovery was not known till afterwards There was a Wind mill not far from the town which over-looked it though at a distance the Swedes having their sentinels day and night there could though confusedly by the help of perspectives see what was done upon the walls which they within were not at first aware of The Swedes having secured their quarters began to infest the town by shooting multitudes of glowing bullets into it especially by night to add terror to the harm they might do and indeed the fear was greater than the mischief for the King having at the beginning of the siege appointed three hundred men to guard the several streets of the town as well against such accidents as casual fires had abundantly provided for any harm that way which order had that also of good in it that the other Citizens and soldiers who were appointed for defence of the ramparts being strictly enjoyned not to quit their stations in any case whatsoever were less sollicitous for their own dwellings being secure in the others care These men therefore being provided with great hooks great tongs made like mens fingers at the ends and other such instruments to handle these fire-balls easily prevented their mischief so that there was no material harm done either by them or by the granadoes thrown into the town during the whole Seige And now the Swedes began to approach again but with more circumspection then at first for they built a large square fort to defend their trenches and making use of St. George's dike fortifie it with a breast work and pallisadoes and having raised a battery for two and twenty pieces of Cannon upon it began to thunder upon the remains of the Tower upon the Helmer bullwork and opposite Curtain endeavouring by that violence to dismount the Cannon upon the walls They also made another battery in the Ladegard fort of nine Guns out of which they shot not only bullets but fire-balls into the City The fortifications at Wartow being open towards the town were shut up with new breast-works and further strengthened with twelve pieces of Ordnance The besieged had ordered two other Prames with good Cannon in them to flanck and defend the East side of the town which they did with so much obstinacy that the incessant violence of the guns out of this sconce could not oblige them to quit their stations the covers indeed of these flat boats were beaten down and that was all the harm was done them which they sufficiently revenged by dismounting some of the adverse cannon and killing several of their men The Danes seeing the enemies order and approaches and seeing no means to disturb their advance but by sallies resolved yet again to try their fortune that way They stole out of the North gate Aug. 30. with four hundred horse and foot and falling with great hast and resolution upon the enemies post on the other side the Bebling Lake beat them from it at first onset but being frighted by their horse which hastened to their succours they were forced to retire towards the walls again leaving behind them one Captain and fifteen or sixteen common soldiers This did not daunt them so but they would hazard another combat which five hundred of them rushing upon the adverse approaches performed with much resolution They indeed routed these next to them as it is usual in sudden sallies at first but these run aways did but save themselves in their sconces whereby they not only eluded the endeavours of their pursuers but being suddenly re-inforced from the neighbouring stations forced them back mortally wounding two of their Colonels Urne and Bremer who died of their hurts the following day King Frederick escaped also narrowly that same day for having stood near the West port a good while to see the skirmishing without he had no sooner changed place but Col. Lange stepping into it was shot through the breast with a musket bullet whereof he died some few days after Neither is this the only danger the King hath been in for Providence who hath a peculiar care of Princes protected him from another no less eminent some time before He had no sooner removed himself from leaning upon a wall at the same West port but a musket bullet slâ—pt in that very place where he had rested his head but a moment before The Danes seeing they could do no more good by their sallies by reason of the enemies vigilance and strength opposed new works to their approaches they made a Ravelin upon the Curtain next the Western gate with a covered way which extended to both sides the said gate and
absence arrived safe in Holland where having given the States a summary Report of his actions and negotiations in the North he received though not without some opposition the publick thanks of the Assembly for his prudent and valorous Conduct King Charles was gone to Nykopping in Falster where he continued some time to be nearer Pomeranta where the Confederates domineered at pleasure and the better to observe the motion of the Dutch Fleet. Collonel Sidney and Sir Robert Honniwood as also the French Embassadour not yet despairing of Peace went thither to him which the Dutch being looked upon as Enemies refused to do but yet that it might appear how desirous they were of an Accommodation they dispatched me with Letters and Messages intimating so much to His Majesty The Plenipotentiaries being arrived at Nykopping began to treat again but being nothing could be concluded without the Dutch it was thought good to invite them also thither which was done by Letters from the Court from the Embassadours and from me by the Kings order and the other Embassadours entreaty They had also Passports sent them from the King and a Convoy with some of His Majesties servants to wait upon them and serve them by the way so that there appeared now more hopes than ever of composing these ruinous differences Being come to Nycopping they were lodged and defrayed by the Kings Order and the Treaty was re-assumed with no less expectation than seeming propension to a Peace on all sides But these flourishes quickly vanished for the King Persisting in his former opinion and the Embassadors not departing from theirs there was nothing concluded Octob. 25. The Swedes Commissioners having exhibited some previous demands to the Mediatours declared that they must be first granted before they could come to the main business of Peace These were that the three States should first joyntly and generally and then severally and apart stand good and be bound for the performance of the Treaty with Denmark That they should undertake that the War which the Emperour and Electour of Brandenburg had raised in Germany and did actually wage against the Swedish Provinces there in favour of Denmark should be laid aside with all speed and a plenary restitution made of all they had taken therein and that they should become Sureties that the King of Sweden should not be disturbed for the future by any contrary to the German Instrument of Peace Further in case the aforesaid Enemies should refuse to restore what they had violently usurped that then the three States should compel them to it by force and interpose and engage for the Swedes future defence and fecurity in those Provinces which appertained to them Lastly these things being thus granted the King of Sweden would then condescend in favour of the three States to a Peace with Denmark and that upon the Basis of the Rotschild Treaty taken in its right and genuine sence which could not otherwise be done The Mediatours answered to these Demands that the three States would become sureties for and engage themselves to assert what ever should be agreed upon betwixt the Kings That as soon as the Peace was made in Denmark they would use their utmost endeavours to compose the Wars in Germany and oblige the Emperour and Elector of Brandenburg to restore those places they had taken from the Swedes That the King of Sweden should for his part in the interim consent to a pacification according to the Rotschild Treaty save that the second Article of it should be so interpreted that either and both of the Kings should be at liberty to Treat and make Leagues with any Prince or Commonwealth whatsoever for the mutual defence of themselves and States That all dubious expressions in the said Treaty should be explained or expunged to impede new disputes That the Castle City and Territory of Drontkeym should be restored to the King of Denmark in consideration of all those vast losses which he had suffered by this last invasion And lastly that there should be a time prefixed for the removal of the Swedish Garrisons and Armies out of all the Isles and Provinces of Denmark and that in all other things and particulars the Treaty of Rotschild should stand in full force and vigour They made also other propositions concerning a free passage through the Sound about removing of misunderstandings betwixt the Swedes and United Provinces the Ratification of the Treaty of Elbing the Peace with Poland and of restoring the old friendship betwixt the King of Sweden and the Elector of Brandenburg And these were the Proposals made on the King and Mediators sides but his Majesty seemed the most refractory not that he was averse from Peace for he had too many Enemies to struggle with but lest he might be thought to desire it for fear of War and even then when he was most threatned In the mean time the dayes were passed in Feasting and Hunting the King having then invited the Mediators to those diversions His Majesty was at Table with the said Embassadours when he received the news of the Enemies Fleet and Land-Armies being at Sea neither did he therefore quit his Guests but concealing the matter continued his feasting till late in the night The next morning betimes he surrounded the Island viewed its Forts and left good Guards at all its Entries Avenues in case the Enemy should attempt to land there but being advertised by quick Posts and manifold Beacons which he had ordered upon all the heights in the Country that the Fleet was entred the Creat Belt he flew with all the Forces he could get together to Corseur a Sea Town in Zeland Being come thither he perceived that the Enemies design was upon Funen He therefore sent Field-Marshal Steynboch thithea with Orders to the Prince of Sutlsbach to quit the Island and transport himself and all his Forces leaving only a Garrison in Newburg into Zeland But these Orders came too late for they did not only want shipping in Funen but the whole Streight was covered with the Enemies numerous Fleet. The King seeing this dispatcht an Express to His Admiral to hasten thither with the Fleet which lay in the Haven of Lanskrown with all possible speed He being upon the Point to hoist sail received contrary commands to stay which were again followed by other Orders to come away and yet others in the neck of them not to stir and all in one and the same day so uncertain he was what to determine One while he resolved to fight them at Sea but finding the odds too great would pass over into Funen in person He fretted to see the Enemy brave it in his presence and could not suffer that his Army should engage in his absence But he had no shipping ready and the Enemy were absolutely Masters at Sea so that it was impossible for him either to fight them or joyn with his own Troops And thus this brave Prince being hurried betwixt the passions of hope
in number and strength to the Avantguard was brought up by Peeter Floriz Vice-Admiral of North Holland The Land Militia consisting of thirty eight Companies of Foot under the Command of Collonel Pichler an old souldier were as also their chief Officers carried in Fluyts but manned and armed as the other with Cannon for war except some few Companies and commanded men which were dispersed and mingled with the Sea-men in the several Vessels of the Fleet. Count Wrangel High-Admiral of Sweden who had hitherto lain with his Fleet consisting of two and forty men of War whereof twelve or thirteen were of vast greatness under Cronenburg seeing Opdam's order and motion resolved to meet him in his passing the Streights He had divided his Navy into four Squadrons the first being led by Henry Gerdson a Dutch Zealander who having served long in the Swedish Fleet would not now quit it Wrangel himself followed him with the second Vice-Admiral Bielkenstern with the third and the Rear was closed by Gustavus Wrangel a Kinsman of the Admirals King Charles had levied Sea-men about Lubeck and Wismar and had many English intermingled with the rest Many also of his old and best Souldiers both Foot and Horse were brought on board he being resolved to omit nothing that lay within the compass of his power for promoting of his Conquests at least conserving the glory of his Arms by Sea as well as by Land Things being thus ordered on both sides they met and fought with equal hopes and courage The Dutch born as it were in the Sea and expert in that Element disdained to see the honour they had acquired by their skill in Navigation disputed by an unknowing Enemy whilest the Swedes were transported with desire to shew themselves men at Sea as well as they had done by Land especially being their King was a Spectator and an exact observer as well of the brave as more degenerous actions of his Souldiers It was betwixt eight and nine in the morning when the Dutch Fleet was advanced mid-way betwixt the two Castles They from Cronenburg saluted them with a brace of Guns being the Swedes Signal but with loose powder but the Datch not answering they let fly with sharp from both Fortresses but did no great harm by reason of the distance only one Bullet fell into Peter Floriz his Ship out of Elzenburg Castle which slew three of his men De Witte who led the Avanguard approaching the Schonen shore let flye a Broad side at the Bridge which extends it self into the Sea so that they at the Battery there fearing the like greeting from the other Vessels quitted their Guns and fled into the Town The Vice-Admiral being past the Bridge directed his Course fully upon Wrangel who advanced towards him and however shot at by the Swedes Ships of their first Squadron did not answer them nor Wrangel himself who gave him a broad side till he was come near him He then discharged a whole volley of Cannon at him and being repayed in kind returned him his thanks in the same coin The first Squadrons being past the main Battles began to approach and now the two Admirals being within reach Wrangel thunders upon his Adversary with his great and small shot Opdam did the same but with more success for Wrangel's Ship lost her Rudder in the encounter which necessitated her to retire out of the Battle and go to Anchor under the Castle of Cronenburg By this time the Fleets were mingled and the fight grew hot on all sides especially where the chief Officers were for whilest each endeavoured to succour his own all were engaged which rendred the Combat terrible and the more being the place they contended in was so narrow The contest betwixt Bielkenstern and De Witte was very hot and might have been disputed longer if the Swede being helped by one of his own Ships called the Wismar had not attacked him in his front and side neither did he overcome him till he had slain him and sunk his Vessel which his unadvised running upon the ground did much contribute to Opdam having oppressed Wrangel was shot at at a distance by all the Ships that approached him but laid on board by two the Morning-star and the Pellican These lying on his Lar-board side fought lustily and extreamly perplexed the Defendants with hand Granadoes which they threw amongst them out of the Round-top of their Main-masts A third Vessel lying a stern of him battered him sorely behind and powred small shot into his Cabbin but there was no body there for the Admiral though then extreamly tormented with the Gout had caused himself to be carried in a Chair and placed before the door of the Hut or Captains Cabbin on top of the upper Decks that he might as well see as be seen of all men and give those directions that the present occasion required He sustained the violence of the Enemies attacks for some time singly and alone but Van Nes one of his Captains coming to his aid the two Ships that had laid him on Board were mastered the one being sunk by the said Van Nes and the other taken by himself and mann'd by his Lieutenant but sunk also afterwards upon mistake by one of his own men of War Opdam's Ship had in the heat of the Fight faln foul of the Sands as de Witte 's had unhappily done before if he had not prevented it by chopping to an Anchor which saved him for the Ship tacking about by that means she cut and recovered the deep again In the mean time she was extreamly battered her sails were all torn her rigging broken and her sides so pierced with Bullets that she had five foot water in Hold. But nothing seemed more dreadful than an accidental fire which took in the Poop which would have proved fatal if it had not been suddenly quenched Opdam had more than half his men slain and wounded and his brave Capt. Egbert Meus had received some slight hurts which rather heated than hindered him to do all the functions of a worthy Commander For all this the Admiral did not quit the fight until left alone betwixt the two Fleets so that he then followed his own towards Coppenhagen whilâ—st the Swedes assembled theirs under Cronenburg The Dutch lost in this Fight about eight hundred men amongst whom were the two Vice Admirals de Witte and Peter Floriz the last having been slain by an accidental Bullet at a distance and five Captains Only de Witte 's ship called the Brederode their Admiral in the English War was lost having been stranded and sunk as we have already mentioned The Swedes had indeed taken Captain Brunsfield's Ship having slain him and well nigh all his men but they quitted it again it being on fire which threatned its sudden ruine but that being quenched by the remaining Dutch who were left in it being but 14 in number the Vessel was brought by them to the rest of the Fleet. The loss on the Swedes
hinder the Swedes to land under favour of their Guns They also mastered the aforesaid Works which were open to the Land side which so terrified the Enemy that they were at a stand what to do until the King caused Proclamation to be made by sound of Trumpet that the Inhabitants should retire to their several dwellings for he would use no hostility but against such as were found in Arms. Hereupon they all retired and left a free passage for the Swedes to land with all their forces Only Naskow did dare to put a stop to the Enemies Cariere and Victories For the Town being well fortified and filled with the Souldiers that had retired thither out of Falster and all the parts of the Island and furnished with an immense quantity of Corn and other Provisions seemed able enough to hold out a very long Siege and truly it cost the Enemy much pains and time as will hereafter appear before they could take it The King having thus mastered these Islands found Corn enough in them to suffice a great Army for a year He therefore sent two thousand Tuns of Rye and one thousand of Barley into Funen where the want was greatest and victualled his Fleet for six Moneths besides Whilest the King was thus ordering his affairs in Laland another part of his Forces were employed in the conquest of Meun where the resistance was greater than in any of the greater Islands Major Schroder commanded there assisted with a hundred Horse and five hundred armed Boors The Swedes were at first bravely beaten off and obliged Apr. 26. by reason of the shallowness which hindered their Ships to approach the Shore to quit their design for the present In the mean time the Garrison was strengthened by the addition of a Company of Foot from Coppenhagen which apprehended the danger most this Island lying nearest to it and readiest to assist it But the Enemy watchful upon all occasions had caused new fashioned Carriage-boats to be made at Nycopping in Falster each of these held fifty Horse in their Hull or Bottome and as many Foot upon the Decks which were environed with thick plancks made Breast-work wise and Musket proof These Vessels were so flat that lying level with the shore the Horsemen mounted might easily get out whilest the Foot facilitated their passage if there were need with their shot from above as out of a Fortress These Castle-boats being ready and filled with Souldiers put off and making towards the ordinary Landing-place drew all the Enemies forces thither to oppose them which they observing suddenly changed their Course and directing it to an unusual quarter rowed with that violence that they rushed on shore and landed all their men maugre the feeble resistance of the Defendants who were indeed but few There was an Inlet of the Sea betwixt that place which the Islanders guarded and that other where the Enemy landed so that before the Governour could get thither to oppose their descent they were got into Battalia and yet he charged them bravely but being wounded himself and seventy of his men slain upon the place he was forced to yield the Victory and the price of it the Island to his more numerous Enemies And thus all the Islands fell into the Swedes hands and all the Kingdom likewise except Coppenhagen shrewdly shaken with the loss of its obeying Provinces The City was likewise blockt up on all sides the Camp keeping them from any Communication by Land and four sometimes five of the Enemies Ships besieging their Haven by Sea so that nothing material could enter in or out without the Adversaries leave This caused a great dearth within which lasted all the Summer and might have continued longer to the ruine of that Noble City if they had not been relieved by the coming of the Dutch Fleet. General Wrangel had hitherto held the City of Naskow close besieged and having taken the Islet before the Town and the two Forts in it which secured the passage by water straightened it so that the succours designed for the relief of the besieged however assisted by the Dutch Fleet May 23. could not enter Wrangel hereupon summons the place adding threats to his invitations which the Garrison rejected with no less courage than constancy The Marshal General was loth to leave the Work he had so well begun unfinished but being called to a more weighty employment he was forced to quit it and hasten to the defence of Funen so much menaced and so often attempted by the Confederates as hath been already related The Garrison was glad to be rid of this valiant adversary but their joy did not last long for Field Marshal Steynbock being sent to succeed him and not ignorant in whose place he came was heightened with the example He therefore pressed the Besieged with all his industry and having got all things necessary for forcing of the place approached battered and mined it with that violence that the Garrison unable to resist any longer was constrained to surrender July 26. Thus this considerable place wanting powder and hopeless of relief fell into the Enemies hands who proud with so signal a Victory sent most of their Troops to prosecute the Siege of Coppenhagen And thus we have hitherto continued our observations of what happened at Land Neither did the Sea want its contests though less bloudy whilest those two Potent Commonwealths of England and the United Provinces made preparations equal to their Grandeur for the carrying on of their several interests under pretence of assisting their Allies The truth is the Trade of the Baltick and free passage of the Sound exclusive each to other was the ground of their jealousie and the design of their Arms. The contests between the Swede and Dane remaining as it were in aquilibrio it was generally believed that which Statesoever could first send from home a considerable Fleet would carry the business and compose the business of the Sound to their own mind Yet it is worth the noting in this main end of theirs what great advantages the Dutch had over the English for by assisting their Ally the Dane if they prevailed and ruined the Swede they looked for no less than an absolute Guardianship as it were of the Crown both by their Land and Sea forces and in consideration of their lent moneys to have been their own security for passing the Sound and imposing a restriction upon any else at pleasure and so engross the Navigation and Commerce of the Baltick Sea to themselves Whereas England by assisting their Ally the Swede and helping him to conquer Denmark could not assure to themselves the benefit they looked for but must remain precarious and stand to the courtesie of a potent Monarch whilest they had but his bare faith plighted to give them equal priviledges with Swedes to pass the Sound Toll-free and to have their Enemies excluded the Trade of the Baltick Both States therefore prepare their Fleets each of forty men of
fourteenth saw the Enemy drawn up in Battle-array expecting of them the Right Wing of the Swedes Army consisting of ten Squadrons of Horse was lead by the Prince himself four whereof composing the Reserve being commanded by Major General Beteker one hundred Dragoons closed this Wing on the right hand and the Front was strengthened with three peeces of Cannon the left Wing equalled this in strength and order conducted by Lieutenant General Horn and the Count of Waldec But the main Body consisting of four Battalions of Foot though not exceeding fourteen hundred in all and five peeces of Ordnance were commanded by Marshal Steynbock sent thither to assist the young Prince with his more aged Councels The Town and a Wood covered the Army behind so that their Rear was secure and a long continued Ditch with some water in it where the ground was lowest interposed betwixt their Front and the larger Campania there were some Avenues in the aforesaid Ditch through which the Bodies of Horse did move when they engaged on either side Ebersteyn seeing the Enemies order put also his Army into Battalia Major General Quast commanded his Right Wing consisting of the Imperial Regiments some few Poles and a Company of Danish Dragoons Count Vander Nat with his own Regiment and part of Collonel Mathew's made up the Reserve the Danish Infantry being but two small Bodies composed the main Battle being otherwise strengthened with fourteen peeces of Cannon the Left Wing made up of Brandenburgers Poles one troop of Ebersteyn's Regiment and a few Dragoons was encreased by five Dutch Companies under the Command of Lieutenant Collonel Aquila the rest of Ebersteyn's own and Konenberg's whole Regiment were appointed for Reserves Marshal Schack had by this time also put his Army into Battalia his Right Wing being commanded by Lieutenant General Alefeld and his left by Major General Tramp the Netherland Auxiliaries made up of English French and Dutch Companies divided into three Regiments and lead by their three Collonels Killegrew Allowa and Metteren composed the main Battle Killegrew commanded these in chief and the rest of the Officers excepting Allowa who was absent by sickness and Sir Walter Vane who worthily discharged the Office of Major General marched with their several Companies and in their several places Marshal Ebersteyn had chosen the Left Wing because he would be opposite to the Enemies right which Shack observing drew up his troops on his right so that both Armies thus united made but one though a very irregular Front which was occasioned through Ebersteyn's hast to engage and the disorders which usually arrive in such encounters The Armies being thus ranged they met and fought with no less desires than bravery and the Battle proved doubtful as well as hot until the Netherlanders the rest being broken and disordered turned the day by only keeping firm and snatched the Victory out of the Swedes hands Ebersteyn had before the Battle began sent four hundred Horse to observe the Enemies order and countenance who advancing too far were rudely received and beaten back to their main Body In the mean time the Eberstenians move on and marching on to the Swedes Ditch endeavoured with great courage to beat them from it but being as bravely received they were forced back with great loss all the Officers of Ebersteyns own Regiment being either slain or wounded Neither was Shacks fortune better all his Horse being broken and routed so that if the Swedes had not been hindered by their own Ditch to pursue their advantage at once by hindering the Enemy to rally behind the Dutch Foot they had infallibly got the Day Killegrew seeing the Horse beaten marched up in good order to the Ditch and firing continually by Ranks as he advanced forced the Swedes Foot to quit it and retire further into the Field behind them The Swedes endeavoured to make head again but being again disordered were charged broken and cut in pieces by the Polish and Danish Horse who were returned to the fight Alefeld had by this rallied his Troops again and bringing them on a fresh passed also the Ditch and charging the Swedes Left Wing of Horse routed and pursued them to the Walls of the Town The Prince having lost all his Foot and weakened by the flight of his Left Wing seeing no hopes of recovering the Day retired also in reasonable good order into the City however pursued by the Victorious Enemy The Field being cleered and plundered and the night growing on apace the Danish Generals encamped as near the Town as was possible The next morning they put they Armies into Battle in sight of the Enemy and having planted their Cannon threatned a sudden and general Assault unless they surrendred The Swedes seeing the Enemies preparations sent out Commissioners to treat with them and a Trumpeter to De Ruyter who continually thundred upon them with vollyes of Cannon to desire him to desist for they would deliver up the Town upon reasonable terms But all mention of Conditions being rejected by the insulting Victors they were forced to Deliver up themselves and the Place at discretion Lieutenant General Horn marched out with three thousand Horse which as also the Prisoners and Colours which had been taken in the Fight he presented to the Confederate Generate Generals who divided and distributed them amongst their several Regiments the Officers the Town the spoil and all fell into the Conquerours hands together with fourscore Cornets and eight and twenty Foot-Colours Amongst the prisoners of note were Horn himself and the two Major Generals Weyer and Waldec The Duke of Weymer and the Count Koningsmark had been taken in the Battle the day before there were also ten Collonels besides the inferiour Officers and some other persons of quality The slain on the Swedes side amounted to well nigh two thousand besides Major General Beteker and some other lesser Officers The Danes lost only their Collonel Booth one Lieutenant Collonel one Major and three Captains of Horse Piazenzewski the Commander in Chief of the Poles died in this Field of Honour as also Captain Hemmema a Gentleman of Friezland the only Officer amongst the Netherlanders The number of the slain souldiers did not exceed five hundred in all neither did this so signal a Victory and the fruits of it the Island of Funen cost the Danes any more which seemed in some sort to recompense the manifold losses they had hitherto sustained The two Swedish Generals the Prince of Sulsbach and Marshal Steynbock escaped the danger for being retired into the Town and in an impossibility of either defending the place or being relieved and seeing they had but that one night of reprieve they thought it more reasonable to hazard an escape than submit to a certain surrender They therefore exposed themselves in a small Boat to the mercy of the Sea and escaped by favour of the darkness and nimbleness of their Rowers through all the Enemies Fleet and came early the next morning to Corseur
as they had formerly done for the Swedes having notice of their designs and ready received and charged them so rudely that they forced them to save themselves by flight within their Works five of their men being taken prisoners and several of them slain The following Month they made another attempt Apr. 28. but with no better fortune for they were repelled in the Kings presence and lost threescore foot which they had taken with them to strengthen their Horse The Swedes also had designed the surprising of the City Cattle which fed under the Walls May 17. to which purpose they hastened thither with all their Horse but their intent being likewise known the Cattle were secured and the Enemy forced by the Cannon from the Ramparts to keep at a distance They yet returned some dayes after with a thousand Horse May 21 and threw down a Breast-work not far from the ruined Suburbs on the West side of the Town which annoyed them the which was again raised by the Coppenhageners two dayes after The Sweaes were also busie in other parts of the Kingdom for having gathered some small Vessels upon the Coasts of Holsteyn they landed by Nysted but being repelled thence they resolved to try their fortune on the Isle of Fameren though not with better success for the Danes having retired their Troops into a strong double Ditched Fort which they had there contained themselves in it until they were re-inforced by fresh supplies out of Holsteyn which obliged the Enemy to retire to their Ships again But Denmark was not alone the stage of War neither was it here only that the treaties for Peace were in agitation Poland the seat of so many miseries was at length delivered from the oppression of their infesting Enemies by the Treaty of Oliva This Treaty was chiefly managed by the French their Embassadour being the only Mediator admitted in it The Dutch had indeed sent an Extraordinary Deputy to the Polish Court but he was received there without Ceremony scarce civility upon pretext they were not acquainted with his Character it being a new thing with them His Mediation was likewise waved the French influence the Queen being Ascendant being too strong and the jealousies which they began to entertain of the Imperialists not a little formed Neither was he more acceptable to the Swedes his visit to their Plenipotentiaries being but repayed by a complement by their Secretary upon pretence he was lodged in Dantsick an Enemies Town and his interposition wholly refused being looked upon as a party so that he was but an idle Spectator as to the main in the said Treaty But for all the States exclusion the Emperour and the Electour of Brandenburg were not only included in the said Pacification but the old Friendship and Concord renewed by a new Act of Oblivion betwixt them and Sweden Only King Frederick for whose sake they had armed their own business being now done seemed forgot in that Treaty the Commissioners giving this reason for it that the Danish affairs could not commodiously be decided at that distance being also at that time treated in Denmark it self not without great hopes of success But the Danes troubled to be thus abandoned by their Allies were so much the more desirous of Peace They were indeed supported at present by the Forces of the United Provinces and with hopes out of England of more powerful Succours the Scene being there changed by the happy restitution of King Charles the Second to his hereditary Dominions This great Princes restauration did indeed contribute much to the present reconciliation for the English Commissioners fore-seeing their authority would quickly expire and loth to quit their Province without effecting what they came for urged it the Swedes considering the ties of blood and friendship betwixt the two Kings Charles and Frederick did desire it And truly the same reason prevailed with the Dutch but upon another accompt to wit lest they should be pressed by this great King to continue the War until Frederick his Friend and oppressed were restored to his entire Dominions which the victorious Swedes had so miserably mutilated Only the Danes the only sufferers were thought not so forward especially being obliged by this second Treaty once more to quit all their pretensions which they had so lavishly divested themselves of in the former War But they fore-seeing that the ayds from England the King being not yet fully established in his Kingdoms could not be sudden and that the vast expences which they were daily at in feeding so many Armies within their Country would necessarily ruine it seemed to prefer a certain Peace before the uncertainties of a War All parties being then agreed and that happy day which by a hopeful Peace was to put a period to this unhappy War being come the two Kings Commissioners and all the Mediators if they may be properly called so who seemed interessed asperties met in the Tents again where the Treaty elaborated with so much industry and pains was signed first by the Mediators and afterwards by the Commissioners of the two Kings and then exchanged and delivered in the mid way betwixt the Danish lodges and the Swedish Tents by the Mediators themselves a little before Sun set to the Commissioners of both Kings This being done the Assembly broke up the Swedes returning to their Camp and the Danes into the City where both from their Walls as also from their Fleets which lay before the Town witnessed their joy for this happy Accommodation with the more pleasing noises of their great and small shot The Peace was proclaimed the same night in all the publick places of the City by a Herald with his Scepter and Coat of Arms with the tintamar of Drums and Trumpets whilest every individual published his satisfaction with more than usual signes of joy The following dayes the Swedes came into the Town and the Danes went into the Camp without exception neither satisfying their greedy eyes and their curiosities with the contemplation of those unaccustomed sights whilest both admired and secretly condemned those things which they had found by experience to have been hurtful to them But this entercourse did not last long for the fourth day after the signing of the Peace the Prince of Sulsbach did according to the Articles of the Treaty draw all his Forces which were 3000 Horse and Foot out of the Camp and putting them into Battle array betwixt that and the City made a stand there exposing his Army and himself to the view of the Danes who flocked thither in multitudes to see so goodly a sight A while after having commanded his Cannon and all the Muskets and Pistols of his Army to fire twice round he left the City to its pristine Liberty and the Camp to the Danes disposal and marched with his whole Army towards Rotschild THE END The Articles of the Treaty of Peace betwixt the Two Northern Crowns concluded and subscribed by the Mediators and the Commissioners of
maintain that Peace wherein they had been joint Mediators The issue of my Negotiations was this The K. of Denmark absolutely refused to treat sperately with Sweden the K. of Sweden declares himself willing to treat but not willing to accept of the Rotschild Treaty as the terms and conditions of the Peace Pretending that this would be tacitly to accuse His last enterprise upon Denmark of injustice for if the Dane gave the occasion of the War by entring into new practises and combinations with his Enemies after the former Peace made which he avers they did though both Kings as is usual in such cases highly protest the right of their Cause and the justice of their Armes then sayes he I ought to have better security for the future that the Dane by an innate animosity and desire of revenge fomented by other States start not out upon every occasion to traverse my designs and work me mischief when they shall find me intangled in a remote War as formerly in Poland especially being contiguous with Sweden and so most capable of doing me hurt Besides that He pretended satisfaction for the loss of Thoren and a considerable part of Prussia occasioned by this diversion of his Arms in Denmark As also for the loss of these opportunities in Germany during the vacancy of the Empire which He might have improved by the presence of His Army in those parts and the assistance of France and his other Allies either to have turned aside the Succession from the House of Austria his Hereditary Enemy or to have capitulated advantages for himself with the Emperour that was to be Elected or at least wise to have prevented the conjunction and confederacy betwixt the now Emperour and the Electour of Brandenburg Many other difficulties lay in the way of the Rotschild Treaty amongst which it was not the least that the King had already disposed of to the Officers of his Court and Army the Lands in Schonen and Bleking which by the Treaty of Rotschild are reserved to their respective Proprietors viz. the Danish Nobility However after many instances and solicitations together with the advantage of the Report which was about this time confirmed from all hands that the Peace betwixt France and Spain was intended in good earnest which might probably oblige England to retire home their forces for their own security and slacken any assistance from France and so Sweden left alone to contest with so many Enemies His Majesty began at last to hearken to the Proposition of the Rotschild Treaty and by a Paper in writing signed by His Commissioners bearing date the 21 of April in answer to a former Memorial of mine expresly accepted the said Treaty but then subjoyned to the words of acceptance a provisional clause of better security than what was formerly granted him by the bare disposition of the Rotschild Treaty Which clause I not being satisfied with as that which might be interpreted as elusory of the fore-going words His Majesty soon after declared to me that as to point of future security He would acquiess in the special Garranty of England and France which I had power also to offer Him on the part of England In pursuance of the Instructions sent upon the Fleet under General Mountague and the better to facilitate the work of the Peace by engaging the States General to act in Consort with England and France A Treaty was concluded at the Hague the 11 of May 1659. Betwixt the three States in order to re-establish a Peace betwixt the two Northern Kings upon the root and foundation of the Rotschild Treaty There Weeks time was limited to the Negotiation of the publick Ministers upon the place after the expiration of which Term neither England nor the States were to assist either of the Kings who should refuse the Peace during his refusal The King of Sweden though unbeknown to the States General had already assented to treat upon the foot and foundation of the Rotschild Treaty his safe Conducts prepared his Commissioners nominated I as Mediator propounded Fredericksburg for the place of the Treaty which the King also accepted The Dutch Deputies Extraordinary from the States General to the two Kings who arrived about this time made their instances and applications to his Majesty of Denmark as I had formerly also done to draw from him a suitable concurrence to the Rotschild Treaty But that King still persisted in the same resolution not to treat separately but propounded an Universal Treaty at which the Ministers of his respective Allies and Confederates might be present and to this end nominated Lubec for the place of a general Assembly I urged upon the Dutch Deputies the fourth Article of the Treaty of the Hague wherein 't is covenanted that no assistance was to be given to the Prince that should refuse a Peace upon just and reasonable conditions which reasonable conditions are by the first Article to be expounded the Treaty at Rotschild Now he who refuses to treat which in this case according to the sense of the three Estates was to treat separately refuses a Peace upon what conditions soever The Deputies were at accord with me that His Majesty of Denmark continuing in that resolution their Fleets could no longer assist him and wrote to General Opdam their Commander in chief to the same effect who at that time was with his Fleet in the Belt He notwithstanding continued still to favour under-hand the Dane but durst not so vigorously and openly assist him as otherwise he would partly by reason of the contrary Advise and Orders which he had received from the Deputies of the States but more especially because over-awed by the presence of the English Fleet. This suspension of Assistance on the part of the Hollander though the English Fleet remained Neutral and acted nothing onely obliged the other to the performance of Covenants gave the Swede some considerable advantages who upon this opportunity reduced the Isles of Moenen Falster and Laland together with the capital Town of Naskow under his obedience The truth is the Dutch Deputies found themselves engaged in some difficulties for whereas they supposed that the King of Sweden would have been the refuser of the Treaty and consequently the English Fleet bound up from giving him any Assistance which was the main thing they aimed at and the King of Denmark the accepter and consequently the Dutch Fleet at liberty to assist him they found the quite contrary and so had tied up their own hands by their Treaty made at the Hague This was the state of Affairs in the Northern parts at the time of the Change of the Government here in England and the Parliaments being restored to their former authority And this was the true season of ripening things to a conclusion and if the Negotiation had continued still in the same train and method that is if the Parliament had either immediately sent new powers to me to act according to my former Instructions viz.