attempt_n it_o be_v adjudge_v not_o safe_a and_o therefore_o not_o to_o allow_v of_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_o run_v to_o the_o sea_n side_n to_o encounter_v a_o select_a well_o train_v enemy_n invade_v and_o second_o neither_o be_v it_o safe_a to_o suffer_v the_o enemy_n quiet_o to_o land_n all_o his_o force_n munition_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v by_o some_o conceive_v that_o a_o middle_n or_o a_o mean_a course_n far_o more_o serviceable_a than_o either_o of_o they_o both_o may_v be_v take_v whereby_o the_o benefit_n of_o that_o old_a custom_n may_v be_v embrace_v and_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o other_o well_o note_v may_v be_v reform_v and_o no_o advantage_n to_o annoy_v the_o invade_a enemy_n omit_v as_o by_o these_o follow_a reason_n may_v be_v judge_v reason_n and_o resolution_n against_o the_o second_o opinion_n can_v it_o be_v subject_a to_o invasion_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v not_o mean_v but_o our_o navy_n shall_v annoy_v they_o both_o before_o and_o in_o land_v if_o they_o can_v first_o i_o say_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a force_n of_o this_o famous_a island_n of_o england_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v fortify_v natural_o with_o such_o a_o trench_n or_o ditch_n as_o the_o sea_n be_v whereby_o it_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o invasion_n as_o other_o country_n lie_v on_o the_o main_a which_o singular_a benefit_n and_o peculiar_a advantage_n to_o our_o country_n be_v utter_o lose_v if_o we_o suffer_v the_o enemy_n to_o land_n all_o his_o force_n etc._n etc._n and_o take_v firm_a foot_n on_o the_o main_a contradiction_n a_o reason_n make_v where_o there_o be_v no_o contradiction_n second_o whereas_o this_o noble_a island_n have_v such_o a_o number_n of_o mariner_n and_o good_a ship_n both_o of_o his_o majesty_n royal_a navy_n and_o also_o of_o merchant_n as_o may_v hope_v with_o good_a success_n to_o encounter_v on_o sea_n the_o force_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n now_o if_o we_o suffer_v the_o enemy_n quiet_o to_o land_n and_o then_o temporize_v afterward_o according_a to_o the_o second_o opinion_n we_o lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o our_o strength_n experience_n rather_o by_o supposition_n than_o by_o experience_n three_o there_o be_v no_o man_n of_o any_o experience_n but_o know_v with_o what_o danger_n man_n land_n out_o of_o boat_n if_o there_o be_v any_o ordinary_a force_n before_o land_v to_o resist_v they_o for_o if_o any_o storm_n arise_v the_o sea_n alone_o fight_v for_o we_o and_o with_o but_o small_a resistance_n on_o land_n may_v drown_v great_a number_n of_o our_o invade_a enemy_n four_o england_n no_o small_a work_n to_o entrench_v all_o the_o land_a place_n about_o england_n any_o small_a trench_n on_o land_n shall_v lodge_v musquetteer_n enough_o to_o spoil_v as_o many_o of_o our_o enemy_n as_o in_o boat_n shall_v offer_v to_o land_n before_o they_o can_v approach_v the_o shore_n also_o in_o land_v he_o true_o if_o the_o enemy_n will_v not_o resist_v you_o with_o a_o far_o great_a force_n than_o can_v possible_o be_v gather_v together_o on_o such_o a_o sudden_a to_o encounter_v he_o before_o they_o can_v have_v time_n to_o put_v themselves_o in_o order_n what_o a_o execution_n may_v a_o far_o less_o number_n of_o well_o arm_a man_n do_v on_o they_o before_o they_o shall_v have_v time_n to_o unite_v their_o force_n again_o after_o the_o remnant_n shall_v land_n if_o they_o be_v not_o all_o drown_v slay_v or_o repel_v in_o or_o before_o their_o land_n how_o easy_a a_o matter_n shall_v it_o be_v for_o a_o few_o well_o arm_a soldier_n to_o put_v such_o a_o confuse_a disperse_a scatter_a sea-beaten_a company_n to_o the_o sword_n supposition_n a_o strong_a imagination_n upon_o a_o weak_a supposition_n before_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o advance_v a_o standard_n or_o put_v themselves_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n beside_o all_o this_o assay_n no_o intendment_n but_o our_o navy_n shall_v impeach_v they_o upon_o all_o assay_n if_o his_o majesty_n force_n shall_v not_o in_o time_n be_v assemble_v of_o such_o strength_n as_o to_o be_v able_a before_o land_v to_o give_v they_o battle_n yet_o any_o mean_a force_n assail_a their_o ship_n while_o their_o man_n be_v in_o land_v can_v but_o great_o annoy_v they_o if_o not_o utter_o defeat_v they_o again_o danger_n an_fw-mi invador_fw-la will_n both_o forecast_v and_o prevent_v those_o danger_n in_o most_o place_n if_o except_o the_o enemy_n bring_v his_o tide_n just_o with_o he_o he_o can_v land_n and_o then_o if_o part_n land_n and_o any_o mean_a resistance_n make_v to_o give_v impediment_n to_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o tide_n pass_v their_o divide_a force_n may_v more_o easy_o be_v defeat_v also_o full_a you_o grant_v he_o victual_n enough_o if_o he_o can_v land_n you_o say_v he_o shall_v find_v house_n and_o barn_n full_a it_o be_v no_o small_a time_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o land_n a_o army_n with_o horse_n carriage_n and_o ordnance_n munition_n and_o victual_n without_o which_o a_o invader_n shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o prevail_v and_o then_o if_o any_o mean_a resistance_n be_v make_v at_o the_o land_n it_o much_o prolong_v the_o same_o time_n so_o as_o any_o storm_n happen_v the_o wind_n tide_n shelf_n rock_n bar_n and_o sea_n fight_v for_o we_o in_o our_o favour_n and_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o our_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o i_o utter_o disallow_v that_o opinion_n to_o give_v a_o enemy_n leave_v quiet_o to_o land_n and_o then_o by_o device_n to_o temporize_v afterward_o party_n it_o behove_v a_o invader_n to_o be_v as_o wary_a of_o burn_v and_o spoil_v as_o yourself_o lest_o he_o make_v himself_o odious_a to_o his_o own_o party_n further_o if_o any_o such_o resolution_n by_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n be_v take_v that_o the_o invade_a enemy_n shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o land_n quiet_o to_o spoil_v and_o burn_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o the_o inward_a force_n of_o the_o country_n not_o permit_v even_o at_o the_o first_o land_v to_o come_v to_o their_o reskue_n battle_n let_v the_o company_n come_v down_o to_o the_o randesvouze_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v so_o they_o give_v no_o battle_n it_o will_v cause_v no_o doubt_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o coast_n to_o abandon_v their_o town_n and_o leave_v the_o frontier_n desolate_a which_o the_o wise_a king_n and_o grave_a counsellor_n of_o this_o land_n have_v everto_fw-la seek_v to_o make_v populous_a by_o grant_v many_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n to_o allure_v inhabitant_n on_o the_o frontier_n but_o touch_v drive_v or_o carry_v away_o of_o victual_n wish_v no_o great_a difficulty_n though_o not_o easy_o do_v as_o wish_v and_o leave_v the_o country_n waste_n thereby_o to_o famish_v our_o land_a enemy_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n more_o easy_o wish_v than_o perform_v they_o by_o which_o retreit_v and_o drive_v away_o of_o victual_n and_o keep_n of_o strait_n and_o passage_n they_o starve_v and_o weary_v they_o that_o follow_v they_o i_o confess_v in_o ireland_n where_o most_o of_o their_o substance_n consist_v of_o kine_n it_o be_v easy_o do_v but_o in_o this_o rich_a and_o wealthy_a country_n of_o england_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a but_o that_o the_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v once_o land_v with_o all_o his_o force_n shall_v find_v house_n full_a of_o provision_n and_o barn_n full_a of_o all_o kind_n of_o forage_v country_n that_o be_v where_o the_o prince_n be_v a_o tyrant_n otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v obey_v in_o all_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o country_n and_o corn_n all_o the_o country_n over_o unless_o the_o king_n shall_v command_v all_o to_o be_v waste_v with_o fire_n which_o precedent_n we_o see_v seldom_o or_o never_o put_v in_o use_n neither_o in_o the_o war_n in_o france_n flanders_n nor_o in_o any_o former_a invasion_n that_o we_o read_v of_o for_o it_o will_v make_v the_o prince_n odious_a and_o alienate_v the_o subject_n mind_n therefore_o not_o to_o be_v use_v but_o upon_o a_o great_a extremity_n when_o all_o other_o mean_v fail_v and_o here_o in_o england_n above_o all_o other_o country_n it_o may_v worst_o be_v do_v for_o our_o town_n be_v poor_a weak_a and_o unprovided_a and_o unfortified_a the_o country_n full_a of_o habitation_n populous_a rich_a and_o abundance_n of_o all_o commodity_n in_o the_o low_a country_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a store_n of_o strong_a well_o fortify_v town_n they_o may_v much_o more_o easy_o drive_v and_o carry_v to_o their_o city_n at_o hand_n all_o victual_n and_o forage_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o when_o the_o great_a army_n of_o the_o state_n and_o don_n john_n be_v in_o the_o field_n back_n i_o grant_v for_o forage_v because_o they_o come_v in_o harvest_n but_o all_o other_o victual_n come_v out_o of_o the_o town_n behind_o their_o back_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o boar_n and_o country_n people_n be_v
be_v forget_v do_v not_o our_o english_a navy_n defeat_v the_o great_a spanish_a fleet_n by_o this_o temporize_a course_n which_o have_v be_v so_o easy_a as_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v perform_v by_o main_a force_n in_o board_v they_o at_o the_o first_o yet_o some_o will_v have_v this_o temporize_a course_n not_o to_o be_v use_v at_o the_o beginning_n but_o when_o all_o other_o mean_n do_v fail_v and_o then_o it_o may_v be_v too_o late_o to_o temporize_v when_o you_o have_v fight_v and_o receive_v the_o foil_n and_o it_o be_v against_o the_o name_n of_o the_o word_n and_o thing_n itself_o to_o use_v it_o in_o the_o end_n when_o time_n be_v past_a infinite_a be_v the_o example_n to_o confirm_v these_o temporize_a course_n by_o mean_n whereof_o great_a and_o huge_a army_n have_v in_o a_o short_a time_n be_v dissolve_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o as_o namely_o the_o german_n sundry_a time_n in_o france_n army_n duke_n of_o pama_n army_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n army_n in_o france_n when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o paris_n anno._n 1590._o last_o the_o better_a to_o remove_v this_o old_a impression_n of_o rash_a encounter_v of_o a_o enemy_n invador_fw-la remember_v the_o unadvised_a encounter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o besiege_v a_o certain_a town_n in_o the_o savoy_n fall_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n fall_n call_v granson_n with_o a_o very_a great_a army_n to_o the_o relief_n whereof_o come_v certain_a swisser_n though_o not_o great_a in_o number_n the_o duke_n hear_v of_o their_o approach_n send_v some_o force_n to_o they_o to_o give_v they_o all_o annoyance_n possible_a as_o also_o to_o prevent_v their_o entry_n and_o descent_n into_o the_o country_n for_o the_o passage_n they_o shall_v enter_v by_o be_v through_o a_o certain_a narrow_a straight_o betwixt_o certain_a mountain_n and_o himself_o follow_v with_o some_o great_a force_n to_o second_v they_o and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o duke_n contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o counsel_n who_o persuade_v he_o rather_o to_o attend_v their_o come_n with_o all_o his_o force_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v for_o the_o place_n both_o by_o nature_n and_o also_o by_o art_n be_v strong_o enramp_v and_o it_o be_v so_o that_o in_o all_o reason_n he_o can_v sustain_v no_o danger_n to_o make_v it_o short_a the_o duke_n vanguard_n be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v the_o swittzer_n entrry_v but_o retire_v the_o duke_n rere-guard_n see_v this_o suppose_v they_o have_v flee_v begin_v also_o to_o fly_v in_o fine_a his_o whole_a army_n retire_v towards_o the_o camp_n although_o some_o behave_v theselve_n very_o well_o in_o this_o retreit_n yet_o when_o they_o come_v into_o the_o camp_n they_o dare_v not_o defend_v it_o but_o all_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n leave_v their_o rich_a and_o pompous_a camp_n and_o their_o artillery_n to_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o poor_a swittzer_n who_o slay_v but_o very_o few_o of_o his_o people_n for_o want_v of_o horseman_n to_o follow_v the_o chase_n the_o duke_n who_o the_o day_n before_o be_v lift_v up_o to_o the_o sky_n in_o pride_n through_o the_o seek_n to_o himself_o so_o many_o great_a state_n and_o prince_n that_o desire_v to_o ally_n and_o confederate_n themselves_o with_o he_o in_o league_n and_o friendship_n present_o after_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o battle_n find_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o alteration_n and_o change_n for_o there_o fall_v from_o he_o four_o sort_n of_o people_n who_o become_v his_o enemy_n the_o rage_n of_o the_o duke_n be_v still_o so_o great_a that_o he_o will_v not_o thus_o give_v over_o but_o will_v try_v a_o second_o battle_n at_o morat_n upon_o the_o loss_n whereof_o divers_a other_o of_o his_o ally_n fall_v from_o he_o also_o and_o last_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o nansey_n where_o he_o himself_o be_v slay_v a_o great_a part_n both_o of_o his_o own_o proper_a dominion_n and_o of_o burgundy_n itself_o fall_v from_o his_o house_n also_o thus_o you_o may_v see_v what_o a_o long_a and_o evil_a tail_n a_o lose_a battle_n have_v as_o lewis_n the_o french_a king_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v if_o you_o desire_v example_n of_o great_a antiquity_n you_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o read_n of_o the_o roman_a history_n but_o because_o brevity_n be_v require_v i_o will_v remember_v you_o only_o of_o this_o one_o namely_o of_o caesar_n who_o never_o can_v attain_v to_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o rome_n until_o pompey_n oppose_v himself_o against_o it_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o state_n and_o senate_n of_o rome_n give_v he_o battle_n and_o lose_v it_o after_o which_o he_o be_v drive_v to_o fly_v into_o egypt_n where_o ptolemy_n the_o king_n send_v his_o head_n unto_o caesar_n whereby_o there_o be_v leave_v none_o able_a to_o withstand_v by_o the_o which_o he_o get_v not_o only_o the_o absolute_a government_n for_o himself_o but_o also_o bring_v and_o reduce_v the_o free_a state_n of_o rome_n to_o a_o monarchy_n but_o if_o the_o defendant_n chance_v to_o win_v the_o battle_n than_o indeed_o he_o remove_v the_o cause_n and_o end_v the_o danger_n as_o the_o moor_n against_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n portugal_n the_o moor_n against_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n who_o land_v without_o any_o resistance_n but_o the_o defendant_n find_v themselves_o the_o strong_a as_o well_v in_o foot_n as_o in_o horse_n think_v it_o no_o danger_n to_o give_v battle_n which_o grow_v by_o temporize_v until_o their_o power_n be_v come_v together_o for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o as_o long_o as_o you_o abstain_v from_o come_v to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n shall_v always_o be_v hold_v in_o doubt_n of_o win_v and_o you_o shall_v be_v in_o no_o hazard_n of_o lose_v the_o country_n and_o your_o malcontent_n and_o evil_n dispose_v person_n will_v be_v keep_v from_o revolt_n who_o no_o doubt_n will_v see_v a_o battle_n fight_v before_o they_o will_v show_v themselves_o open_a enemy_n yea_o whatsoever_o they_o have_v promise_v beforehand_o as_o the_o portugal_n do_v to_o don_n antony_n and_o perform_v it_o not_o by_o which_o dilatory_a manner_n of_o proceed_v you_o may_v be_v at_o choice_n either_o to_o accept_v or_o refuse_v the_o battle_n as_o shall_v be_v most_o for_o your_o advantage_n when_o by_o time_n you_o have_v make_v yourselves_o strong_a and_o your_o enemy_n weak_a and_o this_o defensive_a war_n and_o these_o temporize_a course_n we_o see_v that_o all_o prince_n and_o man_n of_o war_n that_o be_v or_o have_v be_v of_o late_a of_o judgement_n do_v imitate_v and_o follow_v as_o whosoever_o will_v look_v into_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n action_n shall_v seldom_o see_v that_o ever_o he_o come_v to_o fight_v a_o set_a battle_n but_o when_o all_o other_o mean_n do_v fail_v to_o accomplish_v that_o which_o he_o intend_v and_o no_o less_o noble_a and_o glorious_a be_v that_o victory_n hold_v which_o be_v obtain_v by_o counsel_n device_n and_o policy_n than_o that_o which_o be_v win_v by_o the_o sword_n violence_n and_o blood_n i_o have_v now_o answer_v to_o the_o question_n first_o propose_v &_o give_v the_o reason_n on_o both_o side_n leave_v my_o superior_n to_o their_o better_a judgement_n although_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n heretofore_o run_v headlong_o upon_o the_o invador_n to_o the_o sea_n side_n without_o sufficient_a arm_n advice_n or_o command_n such_o furious_a action_n the_o discreet_a soldier_n be_v against_o but_o in_o these_o our_o late_a day_n the_o people_n be_v more_o civilise_a better_a arm_a and_o discipline_v and_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o a_o better_a posture_n of_o defence_n temporize_v if_o any_o advantage_n be_v offer_v not_o to_o temporize_v it_o may_v now_o be_v grant_v that_o in_o some_o case_n to_o defer_v and_o delay_v your_o fight_n may_v be_v dangerous_a as_o in_o let_v slip_n some_o notable_a advantage_n from_o which_o you_o be_v not_o restrain_v but_o only_o to_o be_v advise_v in_o this_o case_n not_o to_o join_v battle_n rash_o and_o unadvised_o with_o the_o enemy_n the_o which_o beside_o the_o danger_n of_o rash_a attempt_n do_v cut_v you_o off_o from_o advantage_n and_o supply_n that_o may_v be_v have_v by_o time_n deliberation_n and_o counsel_n for_o their_o be_v nothing_o in_o which_o true_a fortitude_n may_v be_v show_v more_o than_o in_o this_o action_n for_o to_o fight_v courage_n do_v not_o natural_o provoke_v but_o to_o refrain_v upon_o good_a cause_n be_v the_o advice_n of_o wisdom_n and_o he_o that_o will_v fight_v upon_o every_o call_n of_o the_o enemy_n when_o offer_v shall_v be_v sure_a to_o do_v it_o to_o his_o disadvantage_n and_o thereby_o shall_v show_v that_o he_o have_v no_o experience_n of_o war_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o chance_n and_o mutability_n of_o fortune_n or_o as_o i_o may_v say_v more_o apt_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v
challenge_v their_o deserve_a praise_n which_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o most_o judicious_a to_o give_v they_o their_o due_n in_o time_n and_o place_n the_o ancient_a gaul_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o most_o warlike_a and_o valiant_a man_n of_o all_o nation_n but_o how_o become_v they_o such_o it_o be_v by_o the_o continual_a exercise_n and_o use_v of_o arm_n 7._o caesar_n com._n l._n 5._o &_o 7._o for_o it_o be_v their_o custom_n to_o come_v arm_v to_o their_o council_n their_o applause_n of_o any_o oration_n be_v signify_v by_o clatter_v of_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o oath_n take_v be_v upon_o their_o arm_n the_o german_n be_v wont_a to_o go_v arm_v about_o their_o negotiation_n and_o to_o their_o banquet_n the_o most_o warlike_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n have_v account_v it_o a_o piece_n of_o policy_n to_o be_v frequent_a in_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o laudableness_n of_o such_o martial_a exercise_n persuade_v man_n to_o love_n and_o embrace_v the_o use_n of_o they_o we_o read_v some_o precedent_n for_o it_o of_o jonathans_n shoot_v for_o sport_n that_o he_o may_v be_v thereby_o fit_v to_o war._n and_o without_o doubt_n the_o benjamite_n attain_v that_o dexterity_n in_o cast_v stone_n out_o of_o a_o sling_n at_o a_o hair_n breadth_n by_o frequent_a exercise_n for_o recreation_n and_o may_v i_o not_o affirm_v by_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n that_o empire_n kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n have_v come_v to_o their_o height_n and_o sovereignty_n and_o have_v so_o maintain_v their_o state_n in_o happiness_n and_o prosperity_n and_o by_o neglect_v of_o the_o same_o they_o have_v decline_v and_o decay_a and_o at_o last_o have_v be_v make_v prey_v to_o their_o enemy_n how_o be_v those_o empire_n and_o monarchy_n of_o the_o egyptian_n median_n parthian_n persian_n and_o roman_n establish_v and_o great_o augment_v by_o this_o military_a art_n and_o how_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o grecian_a empire_n preserve_v and_o wonderful_o enlarge_v by_o the_o art_n and_o discipline_n of_o great_a alexander_n with_o small_a army_n of_o well_o order_v and_o exercise_v soldier_n how_o do_v he_o vanquish_v most_o great_a and_o huge_a army_n of_o his_o enemy_n nay_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n even_o contrary_a then_o to_o expectation_n even_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o forget_v and_o neglect_v of_o this_o art_n military_a have_v not_o be_v only_o the_o decay_n but_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o empire_n and_o kingdom_n now_o that_o people_n that_o be_v not_o encourage_v or_o rather_o compel_v by_o good_a law_n to_o practice_v and_o exercise_v arm_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o belong_v to_o this_o military_a art_n they_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n for_o want_n of_o such_o manlike_a martial_a order_n and_o exercise_n grow_v into_o sloth_n to_o covetousness_n to_o drunkenness_n and_o vicious_a effeminacy_n and_o to_o all_o other_o evil_n as_o nature_n shall_v incline_v they_o unto_o by_o the_o which_o they_o in_o a_o short_a time_n do_v become_v unfit_a to_o be_v employ_v in_o any_o war_n offensive_a and_o unable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v invade_v do_v not_o god_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o jew_n deprive_v they_o of_o understanding_n of_o this_o military_a art_n among_o other_o privilege_n he_o deprive_v they_o of_o he_o tool_n from_o they_o the_o valiant_a man_n of_o war_n the_o prudent_a and_o the_o captain_n of_o fifty_o etc._n etc._n when_o he_o make_v they_o thus_o uncapable_a than_o they_o be_v first_o of_o all_o conquer_a and_o utter_o subdue_v and_o â—â—â—ed_v by_o the_o roman_n under_o their_o emperor_n vespasian_n and_o titus_n his_o son_n i_o may_v tell_v you_o of_o many_o nation_n and_o kingdom_n that_o have_v be_v ruin_v for_o want_n of_o order_n and_o exercise_n spain_n by_o the_o moor_n king_n don_n roderigo_n and_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o arabian_n and_o moor_n and_o about_o the_o year_n 1353._o we_o read_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o greece_n aid_v by_o the_o despote_n or_o duke_n of_o bulgaria_n do_v revolt_v against_o john_n paleologus_fw-la at_o that_o time_n emperor_n of_o constantinople_n who_o for_o his_o safety_n against_o those_o revolter_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o amurat_n the_o first_o and_o three_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o ottoman_a and_o have_v his_o assistance_n with_o ten_o thousand_o of_o his_o horseman_n who_o by_o their_o good_a order_n and_o well_o discipline_v soldier_n do_v prevail_v against_o his_o revolter_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o obedience_n but_o what_o follow_v amurat_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o great_a riches_n those_o grecian_n have_v together_o with_o their_o weakness_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o disorder_n in_o military_a affair_n transport_v a_o army_n over_o the_o asian_a sea_n into_o greece_n and_o by_o that_o invasion_n take_v many_o city_n and_o town_n and_o do_v afterward_o by_o battle_n slay_v the_o duke_n of_o bulgaria_n and_o servia_n with_o many_o other_o etc._n etc._n and_o there_o place_v himself_o over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o dominion_n so_o about_o fourscore_o year_n after_o mahomet_n the_o second_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n see_v constantine_n paleologus_fw-la then_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n without_o any_o settle_a militia_n and_o his_o people_n grow_v luxurious_a and_o not_o able_a to_o resist_v he_o by_o battle_n do_v in_o the_o year_n 1453._o besiege_v the_o imperial_a city_n of_o constantinople_n who_o within_o two_o month_n by_o assault_n win_v the_o say_a city_n and_o put_v the_o emperor_n empress_n and_o their_o young_a prince_n with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n to_o the_o sword_n i_o may_v give_v a_o great_a many_o more_o instance_n as_o to_o our_o own_o country_n from_o the_o saxon_n to_o the_o norman_n and_o what_o history_n speak_v late_a of_o ourselves_o i_o must_v leave_v that_o to_o our_o reformer_n to_o consider_v how_o useful_a and_o necessary_a the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n be_v to_o the_o welfare_n of_o a_o nation_n and_o people_n the_o emperor_n alexander_n severus_n that_o excellent_a prince_n be_v very_o skilful_a in_o government_n both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n speak_v to_o his_o man_n of_o war_n say_v the_o military_a discipline_n of_o our_o ancestor_n do_v maintain_v and_o preserve_v out_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n but_o if_o we_o do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o make_v no_o account_n of_o the_o order_n and_o exercise_n of_o it_o we_o our_o name_n and_o reputation_n of_o roman_n and_o therewith_o all_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v lose_v and_o forget_v though_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o arm_n in_o exercise_n be_v most_o commendable_a because_o of_o the_o special_a help_n it_o have_v in_o make_v we_o fit_a and_o serviceable_a instrument_n of_o the_o public_a welfare_n yet_o i_o advise_v it_o with_o these_o caution_n first_o have_v a_o respect_n to_o your_o particular_a call_v god_n almighty_a feed_v we_o as_o well_o as_o defend_v we_o so_o if_o any_o man_n under_o pretence_n of_o his_o exercise_n shall_v waste_v his_o time_n and_o mean_n to_o the_o damage_n or_o undo_n of_o his_o family_n i_o say_v such_o will_v bring_v a_o scandal_n and_o a_o ill_a report_n upon_o this_o worthy_a design_n he_o that_o will_v manage_v his_o country_n affair_n with_o delight_n and_o profit_n to_o his_o preservation_n and_o not_o to_o his_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n must_v imitate_v those_o builder_n under_o nehemiah_n who_o hold_v their_o sword_n in_o one_o hand_n and_o their_o trowel_n in_o the_o other_o so_o mind_v your_o military_a exercise_n as_o not_o to_o forget_v your_o necessary_a affair_n at_o home_n without_o your_o dependence_n be_v whole_o upon_o it_o then_o to_o mind_n nothing_o more_o yet_o second_o to_o have_v such_o a_o intent_n upon_o their_o private_a and_o particular_a concernment_n make_v they_o unfit_a for_o employment_n as_o to_o impede_fw-la they_o in_o the_o seek_v the_o public_a good_a or_o make_v themselves_o the_o main_a end_n of_o their_o enterprise_n in_o what_o they_o undertake_v do_v degenerate_a so_o much_o from_o be_v true_a soldier_n as_o to_o dishonour_v themselves_o in_o all_o their_o service_n and_o will_v be_v the_o sole_a jet_n to_o hinder_v preferment_n when_o it_o shall_v fall_v and_o last_o sparta_n soldier_n i_o have_v read_v be_v sparta_n wall_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o concord_n and_o unity_n among_o themselves_o therefore_o let_v every_o soldier_n respective_o preserve_v unity_n in_o the_o bond_n of_o peace_n and_o in_o so_o do_v we_o shall_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o pray_v with_o our_o church_n to_o give_v peace_n in_o our_o time_n o_o lord_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o fight_v for_o we_o but_o only_o thou_o o_o god_n chap._n xxiv_o conclusion_n i_o humble_o crave_v pardon_n for_o what_o be_v here_o undertake_v know_v my_o
and_o set_v down_o a_o certainty_n which_o we_o intend_v to_o pursue_v so_o in_o this_o matter_n of_o war_n be_v some_o point_n so_o difficult_a as_o may_v minister_v occasion_n and_o question_n of_o long_a debate_n unless_o those_o controversy_n be_v commend_v to_o man_n of_o stay_v and_o approve_a judgement_n who_o be_v not_o carry_v away_o with_o corrupt_a and_o common_a opinion_n but_o advise_v and_o persuade_v by_o the_o great_a strength_n of_o reason_n confirm_v by_o experience_n and_o precedent_n of_o the_o like_a example_n and_o by_o the_o way_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n that_o no_o man_n can_v set_v down_o in_o write_v a_o rule_n or_o method_n precise_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o war_n the_o same_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v print_v by_o a_o long_a practice_n and_o experience_n in_o a_o soldier_n breast_n to_o be_v execute_v as_o time_n matter_n and_o place_n may_v minister_v that_o upon_o the_o accident_n of_o any_o in_o which_o there_o may_v be_v then_o require_v a_o new_a form_n and_o order_n to_o be_v use_v according_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o maxim_n that_o a_o prince_n can_v any_o way_n more_o dangerous_o hazard_v his_o realm_n and_o country_n than_o by_o give_v a_o invade_a battle_n at_o his_o first_o land_n as_o have_v be_v heretofore_o a_o usual_a custom_n and_o since_o it_o be_v among_o thing_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n that_o may_v concern_v a_o prince_n and_o his_o kingdom_n a_o people_n their_o liberty_n and_o good_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o resolve_v upon_o beforehand_o by_o what_o mean_v a_o army_n royal_a come_n to_o invay_v and_o conquer_v may_v be_v best_o prevent_v and_o defeat_v the_o accustom_a order_n have_v be_v by_o fire_v of_o the_o beacon_n to_o put_v the_o shire_n in_o arm_n order_n short_a answer_n to_o the_o old_a accustom_a order_n and_o present_o all_o the_o force_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o land_a place_n and_o these_o without_o delay_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n but_o because_o there_o be_v other_o opinion_n the_o reason_n of_o each_o opinion_n shall_v be_v set_v down_o and_o then_o a_o resolve_n with_o submission_n to_o better_a judgement_n shall_v follow_v such_o as_o hold_v or_o maintain_v this_o old_a accustom_a order_n allege_v beside_o the_o good_a success_n that_o many_o time_n it_o have_v take_v in_o reason_n also_o it_o be_v the_o best_a deal_n with_o the_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n before_o he_o have_v firm_a foot_n and_o before_o he_o shall_v have_v leisure_n to_o rank_v his_o man_n in_o due_a order_n of_o battle_n and_o before_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o land_n his_o ordnance_n horse_n and_o carriage_n land_n it_o may_v be_v so_o if_o the_o enemy_n will_v acquaint_v you_o before_o where_o he_o will_v land_n and_o that_o a_o very_a few_o man_n thus_o in_o time_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o give_v great_a annoyance_n and_o do_v great_a service_n upon_o the_o enemy_n than_o ten_o time_n so_o many_o when_o the_o enemy_n be_v land_v and_o settle_v in_o strength_n and_o order_n with_o all_o his_o horse_n ordnance_n and_o carriages_n they_o also_o add_v these_o reason_n ensue_v for_o confirmation_n of_o their_o custom_n the_o reason_n first_o inflame_v the_o great_a fury_n the_o lesser_a reason_n therefore_o to_o be_v suppress_v in_o a_o army_n as_o a_o breach_n of_o order_n and_o not_o to_o be_v inflame_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o first_o fire_v of_o the_o beacon_n be_v great_a every_o man_n pro_fw-la aris_fw-la &_o focis_fw-la violent_o run_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n side_n to_o repel_v the_o disorder_a enemy_n at_o the_o first_o confuse_v land_v which_o fury_n if_o suffer_v to_o grow_v cold_a we_o shall_v not_o so_o easy_o inflame_v again_o second_o while_o the_o enemy_n be_v land_v retreit_n he_o be_v a_o silly_a invader_n that_o upon_o a_o difficulty_n will_v make_v a_o retreit_n if_o he_o find_v any_o difficulty_n or_o danger_n be_v in_o boat_n they_o be_v ready_a to_o retire_v to_o their_o ship_n again_o but_o if_o they_o be_v once_o land_v with_o their_o artillery_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v not_o then_o possible_a for_o they_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o ship_n again_o without_o extreme_a danger_n of_o their_o life_n upon_o the_o retreit_n and_o the_o dishonourable_a loss_n of_o their_o munition_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o necessity_n compel_v they_o to_o fight_v and_o all_o hope_n of_o escape_n by_o flight_n be_v then_o take_v away_o from_o they_o they_o become_v ten_o time_n more_o dangerous_a enemy_n to_o deal_v withal_o than_o before_o three_o every_o man_n know_v what_o great_a advantage_n they_o have_v orderly_o it_o be_v no_o great_a difficulty_n to_o land_n man_n both_o strong_o and_o orderly_o that_o have_v a_o firm_a foot_n on_o land_n to_o encounter_v a_o enemy_n that_o must_v land_n out_o of_o boat_n in_o confuse_a straggle_a manner_n and_o therefore_o ever_o and_o speedy_o will_v go_v to_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o advantage_n whereas_o if_o we_o suffer_v the_o enemy_n to_o land_n and_o put_v himself_o in_o military_a order_n he_o become_v more_o terrible_a unto_o we_o four_o avoid_v it_o be_v not_o the_o fight_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o discover_v themselves_o but_o his_o prosperous_a success_n upon_o the_o first_o combat_n which_o for_o that_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v there_o be_v in_o this_o realm_n as_o in_o all_o state_n divide_v in_o religion_n no_o small_a number_n of_o traitorous_a mind_n who_o have_v time_n to_o confer_v and_o see_v a_o enemy_n of_o force_n then_o land_v may_v and_o then_o will_v discover_v their_o malice_n which_o on_o the_o sudden_a they_o dare_v not_o nor_o can_v another_o opinion_n some_o other_o hold_v this_o old_a custom_n of_o run_v to_o the_o sea_n side_n to_o be_v but_o a_o barbarous_a custom_n void_a of_o order_n and_o warlike_a discipline_n very_o perilous_a to_o ourselves_o not_o hurtful_a to_o the_o enemy_n but_o rather_o a_o mean_n to_o lose_v all_o and_o therefore_o wish_v by_o special_a command_n that_o order_n of_o repair_n to_o the_o sea_n side_n be_v restrain_v and_o the_o enemy_n suffer_v to_o land_n quiet_o no._n suffer_v to_o land_n quiet_o because_o the_o enemy_n will_v land_n whether_o you_o will_v or_o no._n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o drive_v and_o carry_v away_o all_o cattle_n victual_n forage_v carriages_n etc._n etc._n and_o certain_a place_n of_o randesvouze_n appoint_v some_o distance_n from_o the_o sea_n side_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v march_v in_o a_o warlike_a manner_n and_o order_n and_o so_o by_o carry_v away_o all_o victual_n and_o fortify_v of_o strait_n and_o passage_n to_o weary_a the_o enemy_n in_o time_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o second_o opinion_n first_o it_o be_v say_v the_o invade_a enemy_n bring_v a_o select_a company_n of_o discipline_v and_o well_o train_v soldier_n who_o we_o seek_v to_o encounter_v with_o a_o confuse_a multitude_n of_o man_n untrained_a in_o which_o match_n there_o be_v no_o comparison_n but_o loss_n certain_a second_o it_o be_v say_v a_o enemy_n of_o force_n meaning_n to_o land_n will_v do_v it_o in_o despite_n of_o we_o and_o then_o the_o country_n offer_v to_o repel_v they_o and_o find_v themselves_o not_o able_a grow_v much_o more_o fearful_a than_o if_o quiet_o without_o resistance_n we_o have_v suffer_v the_o enemy_n to_o land_n three_o where_o we_o suffer_v the_o enemy_n to_o land_n we_o may_v drive_v away_o all_o provision_n and_o cattle_n further_o into_o the_o country_n and_o then_o maintain_v strait_n and_o passage_n well_o fence_v and_o fortify_v so_o as_o the_o enemy_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o approach_v we_o upon_o our_o own_o strength_n and_o fortification_n to_o his_o great_a peril_n and_o danger_n four_o they_o say_v in_o this_o manner_n we_o keep_v victual_n from_o he_o by_o land_n and_o his_o majesty_n navy_n also_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n keep_v the_o sea_n the_o enemy_n for_o want_v of_o victual_n only_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o retire_v and_o glad_a to_o withdraw_v himself_o if_o he_o can_v further_o it_o be_v allege_v how_o doubtful_a a_o thing_n battle_n be_v and_o how_o dangerous_a a_o thing_n for_o a_o king_n to_o commit_v his_o crown_n upon_o it_o and_o therefore_o be_v that_o temporize_a course_n extol_v these_o be_v think_v most_o effectual_a reason_n to_o impugn_v the_o speedy_a repair_n to_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o to_o maintain_v the_o other_o opinion_n for_o suffer_v the_o enemy_n to_o land_n quiet_o and_o by_o drive_v and_o carry_v away_o victual_n and_o forage_v and_o fortify_v the_o strait_n and_o passage_n by_o time_n and_o famine_n to_o weary_a the_o enemy_n but_o have_v weigh_v the_o reason_n on_o both_o side_n and_o by_o experience_n of_o former_a invasion_n examine_v the_o success_n and_o sequel_n of_o the_o like_a
be_v but_o once_o suffer_v to_o land_n and_o have_v firm_a foot_n which_o imagination_n grow_v for_o want_v of_o skill_n and_o judgement_n in_o martial_a action_n and_o therefore_o we_o seek_v to_o prevent_v that_o by_o a_o desperate_a and_o disorderly_a fight_n which_o we_o may_v more_o safe_o remedy_n by_o a_o defensive_a and_o less_o dangerous_a course_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o weak_a ship_n and_o a_o batter_a town_n which_o both_o by_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v enter_v and_o assault_v the_o one_o by_o her_o close_a fight_n the_o other_o by_o new_a intrenchment_n do_v give_v the_o enter_v enemy_n the_o great_a foil_n even_o then_o when_o they_o think_v themselves_o possess_v of_o all_o beside_o a_o king_n that_o be_v in_o his_o own_o country_n may_v be_v supply_v with_o infinite_a number_n of_o pionier_n who_o in_o few_o hour_n may_v rear_v earth_n work_v to_o treble_v his_o force_n against_o a_o invadour_n as_o be_v well_o know_v to_o he_o that_o be_v a_o soldier_n whereof_o he_o shall_v be_v utter_o deprive_v by_o that_o most_o barbarous_a custom_n heretofore_o use_v and_o yet_o maintain_v i_o mean_v of_o that_o disorderly_a run_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n side_n to_o give_v a_o invade_a enemy_n battle_n at_o his_o first_o land_n what_o reason_n have_v spain_n to_o attempt_v the_o conquest_n and_o subversion_n of_o this_o realm_n but_o that_o they_o presume_v battle_n the_o only_a hope_n of_o a_o invador_n be_v to_o prevail_v by_o battle_n we_o will_v assure_o rely_v upon_o our_o old_a custom_n of_o give_v they_o battle_n at_o their_o land_n which_o if_o we_o shall_v do_v there_o will_v be_v great_a likelihood_n first_o that_o we_o shall_v lose_v the_o same_o and_o next_o have_v lose_v the_o battle_n i_o fear_v that_o the_o subversion_n of_o this_o famous_a island_n will_v ensue_v for_o a_o aspire_a king_n that_o have_v a_o great_a faction_n within_o a_o country_n may_v presume_v beforehand_o to_o carry_v the_o same_o if_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o people_n thereof_o will_v give_v he_o battle_n at_o his_o first_o land_n therefore_o if_o you_o will_v avoid_v a_o invasion_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o conquest_n let_v it_o be_v know_v to_o the_o world_n that_o it_o be_v a_o error_n whereby_o you_o may_v embrace_v those_o advantage_n and_o the_o benefit_n that_o our_o country_n afford_v and_o you_o shall_v undoubted_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n of_o the_o first_o and_o be_v free_a from_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o last_o turk_n scanderbegg_n against_o the_o turk_n we_o read_v that_o scanderbegge_n never_o theless_o that_o he_o expect_v the_o invasion_n of_o so_o puissant_a a_o enemy_n as_o be_v the_o turk_n think_v it_o not_o good_a to_o leave_v any_o great_a army_n of_o force_n to_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o only_o certain_a select_a band_n or_o company_n of_o foot_n with_o troop_n of_o horse_n &_o the_o foot_n too_o light_o arm_v &_o cause_v all_o the_o frontier_n to_o withdraw_v themselves_o their_o cattle_n corn_n and_o substance_n into_o the_o strong_a and_o fortify_v place_n of_o the_o country_n do_v with_o such_o select_a force_n face_n the_o enemy_n on_o the_o frontier_n by_o keep_v of_o strait_n &_o passage_n make_v sudden_a attempt_n in_o the_o night_n &_o such_o other_o time_n as_o by_o spy_n he_o find_v the_o enemy_n careless_a and_o so_o with_o a_o few_o people_n or_o small_a force_n by_o time_n famine_n and_o expense_n he_o weary_v the_o enemy_n and_o cause_v he_o to_o retire_v that_o otherwise_o in_o battle_n may_v have_v get_v the_o victory_n and_o so_o in_o short_a time_n command_v the_o whole_a country_n wherefore_o i_o will_v not_o wish_v any_o prince_n to_o adventure_v his_o kingdom_n that_o way_n unless_o he_o be_v weary_a of_o the_o same_o battle_n be_v the_o only_a thing_n for_o a_o invadour_n to_o seek_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o invade_v to_o avoid_v and_o shun_v for_o the_o one_o do_v hazard_v but_o his_o people_n and_o have_v a_o lot_n to_o win_v a_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o in_o lose_v of_o the_o battle_n endanger_v his_o crown_n the_o opponent_n disallow_v of_o a_o confuse_a disorderly_a run_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o yet_o will_v fight_v with_o they_o in_o their_o land_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n impossible_a for_o if_o you_o tarry_v time_n to_o put_v man_n in_o order_n which_o you_o must_v of_o necessity_n do_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o country_n slack_a assembly_n then_o will_v the_o enemy_n land_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o frustrate_v your_o purpose_n unless_o you_o be_v make_v acquaint_v long_o beforehand_o when_o and_o where_o he_o intend_v to_o land_n and_o where_o you_o may_v make_v your_o suppose_a trench_n you_o have_v declare_v to_o lodge_v your_o man_n in_o there_o be_v some_o also_o that_o conceive_v a_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o enemy_n weakness_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o their_o land_n out_o of_o boat_n disorderly_a which_o when_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o come_v to_o trial_n it_o will_v easy_o appear_v how_o far_o they_o be_v deceive_v of_o both_o for_o who_o know_v not_o that_o even_o all_o man_n come_v near_o the_o shore_n and_o smell_a land_n become_v well_o and_o sound_v again_o of_o their_o sea_n sickness_n also_o what_o number_n of_o man_n will_v be_v land_v at_o one_o instant_a in_o boat_n galley_n and_o other_o vessel_n of_o small_a draught_n and_o that_o safe_a enough_o those_o that_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o like_a action_n can_v testify_v and_o as_o touch_v rock_n shelf_n contrary_a wind_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v say_v may_v fight_v for_o we_o we_o must_v not_o build_v upon_o such_o uncertainty_n for_o a_o enemy_n will_v beforehand_o so_o set_v down_o and_o lay_v his_o plot_n where_o he_o will_v make_v his_o descent_n as_o that_o none_o of_o all_o those_o accident_n shall_v give_v any_o impedement_n to_o the_o same_o what_o other_o advantage_n our_o country_n man_n may_v have_v either_o of_o their_o courage_n or_o goodness_n of_o their_o cause_n they_o strength_n and_o courage_n avail_v much_o be_v join_v with_o skill_n and_o order_n to_o dispose_v of_o they_o without_o knowledge_n and_o order_n how_o to_o dispose_v thereof_o will_v rather_o be_v a_o occasion_n of_o their_o overthrow_n than_o mean_v of_o the_o victory_n but_o especial_o a_o few_o to_o fight_v against_o many_o disorder_v against_o order_v country_n man_n against_o experience_a soldier_n the_o odds_o that_o the_o enemy_n have_v of_o you_o therein_o will_v be_v much_o great_a than_o your_o imagine_a advantage_n and_o albeit_o that_o i_o confess_v our_o country_n man_n have_v a_o show_n of_o desire_n to_o fight_v as_o have_v as_o great_a natural_a help_n of_o strength_n courage_n and_o ability_n as_o any_o other_o nation_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o the_o artificial_a we_o must_v needs_o be_v defective_a for_o want_v of_o use_n and_o practice_n therefore_o not_o to_o be_v suffer_v to_o run_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n side_n in_o that_o confuse_a and_o accustom_a manner_n unless_o it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o a_o complete_a number_n of_o choice_n man_n conduct_v by_o a_o skilful_a leader_n that_o know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o fight_n upon_o the_o best_a advantage_n and_o to_o retire_v they_o orderly_o again_o to_o their_o least_o hurt_a and_o discouragement_n otherwse_v i_o do_v altogether_o disallow_v of_o that_o general_a repair_n to_o the_o sea_n side_n but_o rather_o to_o make_v your_o assembly_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n distant_a with_o all_o your_o foot_n force_n and_o to_o attend_v they_o in_o the_o plain_n with_o your_o horse_n for_o whatsoever_o man_n resolve_v with_o themselves_o before_o hand_n and_o what_o mind_v soever_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o put_v on_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v drive_v to_o make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o volley_n of_o shot_n have_v never_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o game_n before_o it_o may_v either_o make_v they_o pinch_v courtesy_n through_o the_o strangeness_n thereof_o or_o at_o least_o have_v taste_v of_o that_o sauce_n and_o find_v it_o bitter_a may_v spread_v rumour_n to_o discourage_v a_o whole_a army_n for_o oftentimes_o the_o same_o and_o bruit_n of_o a_o repulse_n make_v other_o as_o fearful_a that_o but_o hear_v of_o it_o as_o those_o that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o action_n and_o bear_v the_o blow_n themselves_o how_o unlikely_a then_o it_o be_v that_o you_o shall_v profit_v yourselves_o by_o that_o mean_n or_o impeach_v your_o enemy_n may_v easy_o appear_v but_o let_v we_o come_v to_o example_n for_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o say_v by_o experience_n of_o former_a invasion_n etc._n etc._n not_o allege_v any_o where_o can_v it_o be_v remember_v that_o a_o strong_a enemy_n proffer_v to_o land_n have_v be_v prevent_v by_o the_o frontier_n force_n i_o
his_o fortune_n yet_o what_o be_v the_o common_a voice_n of_o the_o country_n which_o heat_n and_o fury_n as_o it_o rise_v sudden_o so_o may_v it_o be_v cool_v quick_o again_o but_o that_o which_o increase_v and_o confirm_v courage_n best_a and_o make_v man_n resolute_a and_o constant_a indeed_o be_v when_o they_o shall_v see_v themselves_o accompany_v with_o number_n able_a to_o resist_v instruct_v with_o knowledge_n how_o to_o use_v their_o arm_n and_o weapon_n and_o fortify_v with_o order_n to_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v and_o repel_v a_o enemy_n this_o be_v it_o which_o will_v make_v a_o coward_n valiant_a for_o as_o one_o say_v the_o fierce_a and_o disorder_a man_n be_v much_o weak_a than_o the_o fearful_a and_o order_v for_o that_o order_n expel_v fear_n from_o man_n and_o in_o the_o end_n disorder_n abate_v fierceness_n so_o than_o it_o be_v not_o fury_n that_o prevail_v in_o war_n but_o good_a discipline_n and_o order_n the_o chief_a scope_n be_v to_o persuade_v a_o restraint_n of_o the_o violent_a and_o disorderly_a run_v down_o of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o sea_n side_n to_o fight_v and_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n after_o the_o old_a custom_n show_v the_o danger_n and_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v follow_v and_o for_o the_o other_o part_n it_o be_v grant_v by_o all_o that_o it_o be_v perilous_a for_o a_o defendant_n prince_n to_o hazard_v his_o crown_n at_o a_o battle_n and_o more_o dangerous_a for_o man_n untrained_a to_o encounter_v expert_a discipline_v soldier_n put_v the_o case_n that_o battle_n be_v give_v and_o loss_n receive_v then_o if_o we_o have_v no_o strong_a town_n adjacent_a to_o give_v the_o enemy_n stop_v to_o make_v head_n and_o rally_v again_o it_o will_v prove_v most_o perilous_a to_o we_o therefore_o moderate_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v dangerous_a unless_o advantage_n may_v be_v obtain_v for_o any_o prince_n to_o give_v a_o invade_a enemy_n battle_n and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n occasion_n be_v offer_v to_o speak_v of_o strong_a town_n some_o there_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n that_o a_o country_n well_o people_v that_o have_v not_o or_o few_o strong_a town_n be_v in_o less_o danger_n of_o conquest_n than_o that_o realm_n that_o have_v many_o because_o say_v they_o a_o enemy_n can_v any_o way_n nestle_v himself_o but_o that_o you_o may_v at_o all_o time_n force_v he_o to_o battle_n at_o your_o pleasure_n to_o that_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o a_o battle_n be_v the_o thing_n that_o a_o invadour_n be_v most_o desirous_a of_o and_o which_o a_o defendant_n ought_v to_o shun_v your_o strong_a town_n in_o that_o case_n be_v most_o available_a for_o the_o defendant_n prince_n in_o his_o own_o country_n against_o a_o invador_fw-la because_o he_o may_v only_o with_o one_o strong_a town_n weary_a a_o invadours_n army_n and_o consume_v it_o especial_o if_o he_o be_v but_o able_a with_o a_o small_a force_n to_o encamp_v near_o his_o town_n besiege_v for_o the_o invador_fw-la be_v thereby_o restrain_v from_o assault_v the_o same_o for_o fear_v the_o defendant_n camp_n shall_v assail_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o which_o work_v all_o for_o the_o defendant_n in_o win_v of_o time_n to_o the_o weaken_n and_o ruin_n of_o his_o enemy_n army_n the_o date_n whereof_o as_o by_o daily_a experience_n be_v find_v be_v not_o above_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o week_n continuance_n so_o as_o your_o strong_a town_n avail_v whole_o for_o the_o defendant_n war_n in_o our_o late_a war_n and_o be_v dangerous_a only_o in_o civil_a and_o intestine_a war_n for_o that_o such_o town_n revolt_a work_n the_o like_a contrary_a effect_n against_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n as_o they_o do_v before_o for_o he_o for_o example_n &_o precedent_n of_o this_o you_o may_v behold_v what_o the_o strong_a hold_v of_o france_n and_o the_o low_a country_n and_o england_n itself_o do_v against_o their_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n insomuch_o as_o we_o may_v true_o say_v of_o they_o they_o be_v a_o dangerous_a good_a wherefore_o i_o think_v it_o matter_n of_o joy_n to_o all_o loyal_a heart_n that_o our_o most_o gracious_a sovereign_n have_v a_o kingdom_n so_o well_o replenish_v with_o a_o warlike_a people_n whereby_o to_o be_v enable_v at_o all_o time_n to_o front_n and_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o a_o enemy_n invadour_n and_o as_o touch_v a_o rebellious_a number_n i_o hope_v we_o shall_v never_o doubt_v or_o fear_v they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v want_v skilful_a leader_n and_o governor_n to_o direct_v they_o pay_v armour_n munition_n and_o other_o necessary_n to_o uphold_v they_o wherewith_o his_o now_o most_o royal_a majesty_n be_v plentiful_o furnish_v the_o want_n whereof_o shall_v force_v rebel_n in_o a_o few_o day_n to_o disperse_v themselves_o who_o be_v once_o break_v may_v present_o be_v follow_v in_o gross_a in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o assemble_v and_o make_v head_n again_o and_o what_o leader_n of_o skill_n and_o judgement_n will_v undertake_v such_o a_o enterprise_n in_o these_o day_n and_o not_o forecast_v that_o a_o power_n and_o force_v assemble_v can_v long_o stand_v without_o rich_a and_o strong_a town_n to_o supply_v their_o want_n or_o at_o leastwise_o without_o so_o much_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o retain_v and_o keep_v a_o army_n together_o in_o due_a order_n and_o obedience_n without_o which_o there_o can_v grow_v nothing_o but_o confusion_n and_o ruin_n be_v their_o number_n never_o so_o great_a the_o content_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o horse_n chapt._n 1_o introductive_a collection_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o young_a soldier_n in_o the_o art_n military_n folio_fw-la 1_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o soldier_n and_o officer_n in_o general_n 4_o chap._n 3._o of_o arm_v the_o cavalry_n 7_o chap._n 4._o of_o military_a sign_n 9_o chap._n 5._o of_o march_v and_o draw_v up_o of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n 10_o chap._n 6._o of_o exercise_v a_o troop_n as_o arm_v with_o carabine_n and_o pistol_n 13_o chap._n 7._o of_o distance_n 15_o chap._n 8._o of_o motion_n 16_o chap._n 9_o of_o firing_n 21_o chap._n 10._o the_o conlusion_n for_o the_o horse_n service_n 23_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o foot_n chap._n 1._o by_o way_n of_o introduction_n 33_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o of_o the_o musket_n 34_o 37_o chap._n 3._o of_o place_n and_o dignity_n both_o of_o file_n and_o rank_n some_o objection_n answer_v in_o dignity_n etc._n etc._n 40_o 43_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o drum_n 45_o chap._n 5._o of_o distance_n ibid._n read_v chap._n 7._o for_o the_o horse_n service_n chap._n 6._o of_o march_v and_o draw_v up_o of_o a_o company_n decipher_n their_o dignity_n in_o place_n 48_o 49_o chap._n 6._o of_o face_n 50_o chap_n 7._o of_o doubling_n 53_o how_o the_o front_n be_v strengthen_v 1._o by_o entire_a doubling_n of_o rank_n 54_o 2._o by_o bringer_n up_o 57_o 3._o by_o half_a file_n 58_o 4._o by_o divisional_a wheeling_n 61_o chap._n 8._o show_v that_o several_a command_n produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n 63_o chap._n 9_o how_o the_o rear_n may_v be_v strengthen_v 65_o chap._n 10._o how_o the_o flank_n be_v to_o be_v strengthen_v 1._o by_o file_n 67_o 2._o by_o half_a rank_n 72_o 3._o by_o divisional_a doubling_n 77_o 4._o by_o wheeling_n 78_o chap._n 11._o show_v how_o that_o several_a command_n produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n 81_o chap._n 12._o treat_v of_o inversion_n 1._o of_o file_n file_v 84_o 2._o of_o rank_n file_v 90_o chap._n 13._o of_o conversion_n etc._n etc._n 93_o chap._n 14._o show_v also_o their_o several_a command_n produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n 106_o chap._n 15._o of_o countermarche_n 110_o 1._o of_o maintain_v ground_n 111_o 2._o of_o lose_v ground_n 115_o 3._o of_o gain_v ground_n 122_o chap._n 16._o of_o wheeling_n 127_o chap._n 17._o of_o file_n leader_n to_o be_v make_v successive_o six_o deep_a 136_o chap._n 18._o of_o firing_n and_o fire_v in_o the_o front_n 137_o chap._n 19_o of_o fire_v in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n and_o rear_v alone_o 151_o chap._n 20._o of_o firing_n in_o the_o flank_n 153_o chap._n 21._o of_o divisional_a firing_n 160_o chap._n 22._o a_o excuse_n for_o not_o proceed_v far_o 169_o chap._n 23._o show_v the_o necessity_n of_o exercise_n of_o arm_n with_o their_o antiquity_n ibid._n chap._n 24._o the_o conclusion_n 174_o chap._n 1._o the_o original_a and_o be_v of_o ensign_n and_o colour_n 175_o chap._n 2._o the_o definition_n of_o ensign_n 177_o chap._n 3._o of_o horse_n and_o horse_n colour_n 179_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o dignity_n of_o ensign_n 180_o chap._n 5._o the_o disgrace_n to_o the_o ensign_n 182_o chap._n 6._o the_o use_n of_o the_o ensign_n with_o the_o posture_n and_o flourish_n 184_o sir_n francis_n
wax_n you_o must_v put_v all_o these_o ingredient_n in_o a_o glaze_v vessel_n and_o melt_v they_o upon_o a_o small_a fire_n then_o mix_v and_o mingle_v they_o well_o together_o composition_n for_o charge_v the_o fuse_v of_o the_o hand_n granade_n powder_n 1_o l._n salt-peter_n 1_o l._n sulphur_n 1_o l._n powder_n 3_o l._n salt-peter_n 3_o l._n sulphur_n 1_o l._n powder_n 4_o l._n salt-peter_n 3_o l._n sulphur_n 2_o l._n powder_n 4_o l._n salt-peter_n 3_o l._n sulphur_n 1_o l._n another_o sort_n of_o granade_n i_o shall_v here_o represent_v you_o with_o a_o hand_n granado_n which_o may_v be_v hide_v at_o the_o enter_v of_o a_o passage_n or_o any_o such_o place_n where_o we_o suppose_v the_o enemy_n must_v come_v this_o granado_n have_v two_o hole_n opposite_a pass_v just_a across_o the_o diameter_n in_o which_o must_v be_v fasten_v a_o fuse_n of_o wood_n or_o metal_n with_o hole_n in_o several_a place_n and_o all_o about_o it_o within_o let_v there_o be_v beat_v powder_n and_o through_o it_o you_o must_v pass_v a_o common_a match_n light_v at_o one_o end_n and_o at_o top_n let_v there_o be_v a_o three_o hole_n by_o which_o it_o must_v be_v charge_v with_o a_o good_a grain_v powder_n which_o must_v be_v close_o stop_v again_o with_o a_o tampion_n and_o then_o be_v your_o granado_n prepare_v i_o suppose_v it_o not_o necessary_a to_o say_v much_o of_o the_o use_n of_o this_o granado_n and_o since_o it_o be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v understand_v by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v and_o that_o the_o occasion_n you_o will_v have_v of_o such_o thing_n will_v forge_v your_o invention_n enough_o to_o put_v they_o in_o practice_n chap._n x._o how_n and_o where_o a_o man_n ought_v to_o heave_v hand-granadoe_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n which_o we_o have_v give_v of_o they_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a and_o i_o suppose_v no_o body_n will_v doubt_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o hand_n and_o that_o we_o must_v grasp_v they_o to_o throw_v they_o at_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v say_v before_o that_o this_o kind_n of_o arm_n be_v as_o well_o defensive_a as_o offensive_a therefore_o we_o shall_v not_o rest_v upon_o the_o proof_n of_o these_o thing_n those_o that_o have_v be_v at_o the_o manage_n of_o they_o must_v instruct_v they_o that_o be_v ignorant_a we_o shall_v say_v only_o this_o that_o the_o place_n where_o these_o hand_n granade_n be_v use_v at_o sea_n be_v where_o ship_n be_v board_n and_o board_n to_o clear_v the_o enemy_n deck_n so_o that_o the_o way_n may_v be_v clear_v there_o upon_o land_n service_n they_o be_v use_v immediate_o after_o the_o good_a and_o happy_a success_n of_o a_o mine_n which_o have_v make_v a_o great_a overture_n in_o a_o rampire_n overthrow_v one_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n bulwark_n or_o bastion_n to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o assailant_n to_o do_v their_o endeavour_n to_o get_v into_o the_o breach_n it_o be_v there_o that_o the_o besiege_a as_o well_o as_o besieger_n may_v make_v use_n of_o these_o hand_n granade_n it_o be_v there_o where_o you_o shall_v see_v the_o more_o generous_a of_o both_o side_n arm_v with_o fire_n and_o flame_n defend_v valiant_o the_o quarrel_n of_o their_o prince_n the_o interest_n of_o their_o party_n their_o liberty_n and_o their_o life_n they_o be_v employ_v also_o upon_o other_o occasion_n to_o wit_n when_o the_o besieger_n be_v come_v up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o rampire_n and_o so_o well_o place_v that_o make_v wind_a stair_n in_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o platform_n they_o mount_v insensible_o by_o retact_n so_o that_o the_o besiege_v not_o any_o way_n hinder_v by_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o flank_n nor_o be_v keep_v safe_a by_o the_o rampire_n themselves_o upon_o these_o occasion_n i_o say_v the_o besiege_a aught_o to_o pour_v down_o a_o a_o quantity_n of_o hand_n granade_n from_o aloft_o or_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wall_n upon_o their_o underminers_a and_o sometime_o they_o be_v also_o throw_v at_o a_o distance_n great_a than_o ordinary_a according_a to_o the_o occasion_n but_o when_o this_o can_v be_v do_v by_o the_o natural_a strength_n of_o a_o soldier_n without_o the_o aid_n of_o some_o artificial_a instrument_n the_o master_n in_o this_o art_n have_v invent_v certain_a small_a engine_n make_v like_o unto_o one_o of_o our_o ducking-stool_n with_o a_o rope_n at_o one_o end_n to_o pluck_v it_o down_o by_o force_n and_o at_o the_o other_o end_n a_o hollow_a place_n to_o lay_v the_o ball_n in_o that_o be_v to_o be_v throw_v and_o with_o this_o engine_n well_o contrive_v one_o may_v throw_v upon_o the_o enemy_n not_o only_a hand_n granade_n but_o also_o a_o quantity_n of_o other_o artificial_a military_a fire_n as_o glister_v or_o shine_a globe_n bombard_n fire-pot_n and_o many_o other_o such_o like_a thing_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o place_n may_v be_v throw_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n than_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o hand_n only_o this_o instrument_n be_v not_o very_o difficult_a to_o make_v it_o may_v easy_o be_v comprehend_v by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v i_o shall_v only_o advertise_v you_o of_o one_o thing_n that_o the_o long_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o engine_n be_v on_o that_o side_n that_o be_v to_o hold_v the_o granade_n more_o than_o the_o other_o part_n to_o which_o the_o rope_n be_v fasten_v the_o great_a force_n the_o engine_n will_v have_v but_o you_o must_v understand_v this_o measure_n to_o be_v make_v from_o axe_n or_o iron_n roll_n upon_o which_o the_o arm_n move_v chap._n xi_o of_o glister_v or_o bright_a shine_a fire-ball_n dissolve_v upon_o the_o fire_n in_o a_o brass_n or_o earthen_a vessel_n a_o equal_a portion_n of_o sulphur_n black_a pitch_n rozin_n and_o turpentine_n then_o take_v a_o ball_n of_o stone_n or_o iron_n that_o the_o diameter_n be_v far_o less_o than_o the_o diameter_n of_o a_o cannon_n or_o mortar_n piece_n for_o which_o you_o intend_v this_o globe_n plunge_v this_o shot_n in_o this_o melt_a matter_n until_o it_o be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o the_o matter_n about_o its_o exterior_a part_n draw_v it_o from_o thence_o and_o role_n it_o gentle_o in_o corn_n powder_n that_o do_v cover_v it_o all_o over_o with_o a_o cotton_n cloth_n then_o plunge_v it_o again_o in_o your_o composition_n and_o reiterate_v the_o roll_a it_o in_o powder_n as_o before_o then_o cover_v it_o a_o second_o time_n with_o another_o cotton_n cloth_n and_o thus_o continue_v dip_v your_o bullet_n and_o wrap_v it_o about_o with_o cloth_n until_o your_o shot_n have_v acquire_v a_o just_a bigness_n exact_o to_o fill_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o engine_n remember_v that_o the_o last_o coat_n of_o the_o shot_n must_v be_v of_o corn_v powder_n be_v then_o thus_o prepare_v it_o must_v be_v put_v into_o the_o cannon_n or_o morter_n piece_v naked_a without_o any_o other_o thing_n compass_v it_o immediate_o upon_o the_o powder_n in_o the_o chamber_n which_o must_v make_v the_o bullet_n come_v forth_o then_o give_v fire_n free_o to_o your_o piece_n to_o throw_v the_o shot_n where_o you_o intend_v it_o chap._n xii_o of_o ball_n which_o cast_v forth_o so_o great_a a_o smoke_n that_o they_o blind_a whosoever_o they_o come_v near_o it_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v great_a execution_n by_o favour_n of_o the_o night_n in_o occurrence_n of_o war_n as_o well_o as_o in_o many_o other_o occasion_n i_o mean_v not_o here_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n for_o that_o be_v natural_o effect_v by_o the_o first_o causer_n of_o all_o thing_n from_o the_o order_n that_o he_o have_v establish_v among_o the_o being_n but_o i_o intend_v only_o here_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o darkness_n that_o be_v make_v artificial_o and_o particular_o such_o as_o may_v be_v produce_v and_o make_v to_o last_v a_o little_a time_n in_o a_o close_a or_o narrow_a place_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o art_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o blind_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o will_v force_v into_o our_o being_n and_o will_v attaque_fw-la u_fw-mi by_o main_a strength_n in_o a_o design_n to_o take_v away_o our_o life_n honour_n and_o good_n or_o when_o we_o have_v a_o design_n to_o facilitate_v the_o passage_n for_o the_o assailant_n in_o confound_v or_o oppress_v the_o besiege_a in_o their_o fort_n with_o a_o cloudy_a and_o thick_a fume_n in_o such_o a_o sort_n that_o one_o may_v take_v they_o as_o amaze_v fish_n in_o trouble_a water_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v globe_n prepare_v which_o while_o they_o be_v on_o fire_n produce_v a_o smoke_n so_o vehement_a and_o unpleasant_a and_o in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o withstand_v the_o incommodity_n without_o burst_v asunder_o see_v here_o the_o method_n take_v ship_n pitch_n in_o the_o stone_n 4_o l._n liquid_a
of_o my_o great_a fortification_n consist_v in_o the_o little_a mean_a and_o great_a royal._n to_o do_v this_o i_o state_n first_o my_o exterior_a polygones_n after_o which_o i_o regulate_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n for_o the_o exterior_a polygone_n of_o the_o little_a royal_a i_o take_v 80_o ⓪_n for_o that_o of_o mean_a royal_a 90_o ⓪_n and_o for_o the_o exterior_a polygone_n of_o the_o great_a royal_a 100_o ⓪_n and_o i_o follow_v the_o same_o proportion_n in_o the_o calculate_v of_o my_o line_n which_o friday_n have_v that_o be_v make_v the_o courtine_n to_o the_o face_n as_o 36_o to_o 24_o or_o as_o 3_o to_o 2_o but_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o i_o take_v my_o part_n great_a and_o redress_v they_o after_o the_o first_o position_n be_v do_v this_o calculation_n be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o thus_o admit_v there_o be_v a_o place_n to_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o regular_a fortification_n of_o four_o five_o six_o or_o more_o angles_n and_o that_o after_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o of_o my_o method_n i_o take_v then_o the_o line_n of_o such_o a_o polygone_a as_o the_o fortress_n shall_v be_v that_o i_o intend_v to_o make_v out_o of_o fryday_n table_n for_o example_n i_o will_v make_v a_o square_a after_o my_o first_o method_n i_o take_v then_o out_o of_o the_o table_n the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n as_o 24_o ⓪_n for_o the_o face_n 36_o the_o courtine_n for_o the_o george_n 9.23_o ②_n for_o the_o capital_a 19.73_o ②_n for_o the_o flanque_n 7.74_o ②_n and_o so_o for_o all_o the_o line_n these_o line_n i_o lay_v before_o i_o and_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o exterior_a polygone_n of_o a_o square_a of_o fryday_n be_v 82.36_o ②_n give_v i_o the_o courtine_n 36_o ⓪_n what_o do_v my_o exterior_a polygone_n of_o 80_o ⓪_n after_o the_o first_o method_n in_o the_o great_a royal_a give_v i_o for_o my_o courtine_n and_o the_o answer_n be_v 34.97_o ②_n item_n the_o exterior_a polygone_n give_v for_o the_o face_n according_a to_o friday_n 82.36_o ②_n 24_o ⓪_n what_o give_v the_o polygone_a of_o 90_o ⓪_n answer_n it_o give_v 23.31_o ②_n fig._n 11._o and_o so_o observe_v the_o same_o rule_n for_o a_o square_a who_o exterior_a polygone_n be_v 80_o rod_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n of_o numb_a 1._o there_o will_v arise_v the_o follow_a proportion_n of_o the_o line_n viz._n h_o g_o the_o courtine_n 34.97_o ①_n a_o i_o the_o face_n 23.31_o ①_n c_o h_n the_o gorge_n 8.96_o ①_n c_o a_o the_o capital-line_n 19.16_o ①_n h_n i_o the_o flanque_n 7.52_o ①_n h_n l_o the_o second_n flanque_n 6.77_o ①_n c_o d_o the_o interior_a polygone_n 52.88_o ①_n h_n b_o the_o great_a line_n of_o defence_n 59.05_o ①_n d_o m_o the_o little_a semi-diameter_n 39.37_o ①_n n._n b._n he_o who_o be_v dispose_v to_o calculate_v or_o who_o have_v not_o these_o table_n at_o hand_n he_o may_v find_v out_o himself_o by_o calculation_n the_o chief_a angle_n of_o every_o figure_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o table_n of_o sines_n or_o trigonometry_n the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n etc._n etc._n these_o line_n and_o other_o that_o may_v be_v require_v be_v find_v by_o the_o forego_n rule_n i_o delineate_v the_o figure_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o fortress_n of_o five_o ten_o eleven_o or_o more_o angles_n according_a to_o art_n as_o here_o in_o the_o figure_n numb_a 1._o the_o square_a which_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o first_o figure_n capable_a of_o be_v fortify_v this_o be_v draw_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a practice_n i_o redress_v the_o ground-line_n according_a to_o my_o method_n very_o easy_o thus_o i_o lengthen_v the_o face_n at_o pleasure_n as_o here_o a_o i_o n_o c_o of_o which_o i_o n_n be_v the_o line_n of_o defence_n secant_fw-la upon_o this_o c_o a_o i_o let_v fall_v a_o perpendicular-line_n touch_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o face_n b_o k_n in_o k_o and_o i_o take_v the_o line_n f_o k_n for_o the_o flanque_n and_o thus_o i_o do_v round_o about_o the_o whole_a fortification_n and_o this_o from_o a_o square_a to_o a_o figure_n of_o twelve_o side_n inclusive_a in_o such_o fortress_n as_o have_v more_o than_o twelve_o polygones_n i_o keep_v always_o the_o same_o courtine_n and_o so_o the_o form_n of_o a_o square_a with_o its_o ground-line_n be_v sufficient_o see_v in_o numb_a 1._o and_o the_o structure_n of_o it_o show_v before_o from_o this_o alteration_n arise_v these_o advantage_n first_o that_o the_o gorges_n be_v lengthen_v by_o f_o g_o and_z h_z e_z and_o therefore_o the_o bulwork_n at_o their_o entrance_n become_v wide_a and_o fit_a for_o retrenchment_n and_o the_o use_n of_o necessary_a artillery_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o profile_n of_o the_o flanque_n but_o the_o gorges_n remain_v at_o the_o length_n of_o d_o g_o the_o say_a artillery_n can_v be_v due_o lodge_v this_o lengthen_v of_o the_o gorges_n make_v also_o the_o flanque_n e_o i_o f_o k_o long_o than_o the_o former_a flanque_n k_o g_o and_o i_o h_n be_v this_o obliquity_n of_o flanque_n cause_v also_o the_o face_n a_o i_o and_o k_o b_o together_o with_o the_o moat_n lie_v before_o they_o to_o be_v defend_v at_o right-angle_n and_o that_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n f_o a_n and_z e_z b_o become_v short_a and_o last_o this_o manner_n of_o structure_n give_v sufficient_a room_n for_o the_o cut_v or_o retire_v of_o the_o flanque_n and_o concern_v the_o angle-flanqued_n or_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n which_o in_o a_o square_n be_v 60_o degree_n he_o who_o desire_v to_o have_v it_o great_a let_v he_o draw_v a_o line_n from_o the_o point_n where_o the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n meet_v together_o by_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opposite_a flanque_n as_o by_o 5_o to_o q_o which_o be_v the_o line_n d_o 5_o q_o and_o so_o at_o the_o other_a side_n thus_o the_o face_n become_v something_o short_a and_o the_o angle_n something_o great_a according_a to_o the_o 21_o of_o the_o first_o of_o euclid_n but_o the_o second_o flanque_n be_v lose_v which_o in_o a_o square_n signify_v but_o little_a and_o this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v sufficient_a as_o to_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o ground-line_n and_o the_o find_n of_o they_o and_o the_o more_o bulwork_n in_o any_o figure_n keep_v their_o just_a distance_n the_o more_o considerable_a will_v be_v the_o advantage_n gain_v by_o their_o alteration_n of_o the_o fausse-bray_a the_o modern_a engineer_n draw_v the_o fausse-bray_a parallel_n round_o about_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o wall_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o between_o the_o parapet_n of_o the_o fausse-bray_a and_o the_o wall_n be_v leave_v a_o hide_a way_n of_o between_o 15_o and_o 25_o foot_n this_o parapet_n be_v make_v to_o defend_v the_o moat_n when_o the_o enemy_n be_v pass_v the_o counter-scarp_a and_o intend_v to_o carry_v over_o the_o gallery_n i_o make_v also_o fausse-brays_a but_o after_o another_o manner_n than_o the_o modern_a viz._n thus_o i_o draw_v a_o parallel-line_n with_o the_o flanque_n as_o in_o numb_a 1._o x_o w_n parallel_n with_o the_o flanque_n 6_o five_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o five_o rod_n so_o that_o the_o place_n may_v be_v capable_a to_o hold_v canon_n afterward_o i_o lengthen_v the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n as_o b_o v_z till_o they_o cut_v the_o parallel_n x_o w_n this_o do_v i_o draw_v a_o parallel_n with_o the_o courtine_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o 3_o or_o 4_o ⓪_n as_o x_o in_n so_o that_o the_o line_n v_o w_o x_o y_fw-fr 2_o 3_o make_v the_o fausse-bray_a and_o this_o i_o do_v round_o about_o the_o fortress_n only_o before_o the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n and_o not_o before_o the_o face_n the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v these_o first_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o fausse-brays_a be_v more_o hurtful_a than_o advantageous_a before_o the_o face_n because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o service_n before_o the_o enemy_n come_v to_o lodge_n upon_o the_o esplanade_n or_o parapet_n of_o the_o hide_a way_n and_o then_o they_o be_v to_o oppose_v he_o which_o they_o can_v possible_o do_v and_o this_o so_o much_o the_o less_o because_o the_o enemy_n may_v plant_v his_o canon_n there_o for_o the_o destroy_a and_o dismount_v of_o they_o which_o be_v easy_o do_v see_v it_o be_v but_o a_o bare_a parapet_n which_o be_v soon_o throw_v down_o so_o that_o in_o this_o part_n before_o the_o face_n which_o be_v attack_v no_o body_n can_v remain_v for_o defence_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o play_v of_o the_o great_a gun_n from_o the_o battery_n which_o may_v be_v make_v as_o need_n require_v as_o here_o fig._n 11._o numb_a 1._o be_v intimate_v by_o the_o letter_n a_o b_o and_z c_o where_o from_o the_o battery_n a_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n d_o and_o its_o
fausse-bray_a be_v pierce_v perpendicular_o and_o from_o the_o battery_n b_o oblique_o but_o the_o battery_n c_o cut_v and_o clear_v the_o earth_n away_o which_o be_v shake_v by_o the_o two_o other_o so_o that_o by_o these_o battery_n and_o musquet-shot_n come_v from_o the_o line_n and_o cor_n the_o guard_n the_o face_n as_o well_o of_o the_o fausse-bray_a as_o of_o the_o great_a wall_n be_v soon_o ruin_v and_o leave_v without_o defence_n so_o that_o no_o body_n may_v be_v see_v upon_o these_o line_n without_o be_v hit_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o they_o can_v hinder_v the_o come_n over_o of_o the_o gallery_n but_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v do_v from_o the_o opposite_a flanque_n item_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o this_o part_n of_o the_o fausse-bray_a lie_v before_o the_o face_n be_v discover_v it_o be_v present_o make_v useless_a to_o the_o defender_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o it_o do_v they_o this_o hurt_n and_o disadvantage_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o gallery_n come_v over_o the_o miner_n be_v able_a to_o undermine_n the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n where_o they_o please_v and_o at_o several_a place_n together_o the_o mine_n be_v blow_v up_o the_o enemy_n may_v set_v foot_v upon_o the_o space_n where_o the_o fausse-bray_a lie_n not_o only_o to_o assault_v the_o breach_n but_o he_o may_v run_v along_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o wall_n through_o the_o fausse-bray_a to_o fall_v on_o at_o more_o place_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o the_o fausse-bray_a aught_o to_o be_v cut_v with_o trench_n to_o hinder_v this_o run_v about_o but_o every_o one_o who_o have_v experience_n in_o these_o action_n know_v very_o well_o what_o slender_a opposition_n these_o trench_n be_v able_a to_o make_v especial_o when_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o mine_n fall_v down_o and_o sometime_o bury_v the_o defender_n alive_a this_o place_n be_v also_o of_o advantage_n for_o the_o enemy_n when_o the_o breach_n be_v retrench_v and_o he_o will_v make_v new_a attacques_n upon_o it_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n will_v lodge_v himself_o convenient_o in_o the_o fausse-bray_a and_o further_o in_o the_o breach_n whereas_o otherwise_o where_o there_o be_v no_o fausse-bray_a before_o the_o face_n he_o find_v very_o inconvenient_a lodging_n against_o the_o sloop_a of_o the_o wall_n see_v no_o other_o place_n be_v find_v to_o fix_v upon_o the_o miner_n be_v force_v to_o make_v their_o mine_n about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o gallery_n come_v on_o beside_o that_o the_o face_n which_o be_v surround_v with_o these_o fausse-brays_a be_v attack_v by_o canon_n and_o mine_n all_o the_o ruin_n of_o they_o remain_v lie_v in_o the_o same_o and_o afford_v a_o easy_a ascent_n unto_o the_o enemy_n whereas_o otherwise_o where_o they_o be_v not_o the_o ruin_n roll_v down_o into_o the_o moat_n and_o the_o breach_n remain_v clear_a and_o the_o enemy_n find_v little_a earth_n to_o retrench_v himself_o by_o all_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o understand_v that_o this_o part_n bring_v more_o advantage_n than_o hurt_v unto_o the_o enemy_n to_o what_o end_n be_v it_o then_o to_o be_v at_o such_o charge_n to_o our_o prejudice_n and_o to_o cumber_v the_o moat_n before_o the_o bulwork_n with_o this_o needless_a parapet_n therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o say_v that_o the_o face_n of_o a_o bulwark_n be_v attack_v can_v make_v little_a opposition_n of_o their_o own_o but_o aught_o to_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o flanque_n and_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n and_o the_o more_o even_a and_o neat_o the_o face_n lie_v the_o better_a may_v they_o be_v flanque_v that_o part_n of_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o fausse-bray_a d_o hinder_v also_o that_o the_o face_n a_o g_o from_o be_v defend_v at_o the_o bottom_n from_o the_o opposite_a flanque_n some_o engineer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o fausse-brays_a aught_o to_o run_v out_o after_o the_o shape_n of_o ravelin_n in_o the_o middle_n before_o the_o courtine_n i_o think_v this_o needless_a where_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n be_v of_o a_o just_a length_n not_o much_o exceed_v 60_o rod_n but_o where_o they_o be_v long_o this_o must_v be_v practise_v at_o breda_n it_o be_v do_v before_o some_o long_a courtine_n and_o this_o be_v enough_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o ground-line_n of_o the_o fausse-bray_a in_o the_o profile_v i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o how_o the_o work_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v it_o remain_v now_o that_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o ground-line_n of_o the_o counter-scarp_a and_o hide_a way_n and_o how_o it_o may_v be_v make_v that_o it_o may_v defend_v itself_o with_o great_a advantage_n without_o the_o great_a wall_n and_o that_o these_o counter-scarps_a be_v as_o strong_a yea_o strong_a than_o the_o modern_a fortress_n themselves_o n._n b._n in_o those_o fortress_n where_o the_o exterior_a flanquing-angle_n or_o as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o angle_z de_fw-fr tenaille_fw-fr come_v to_o be_v less_o than_o 120_o degree_n but_o it_o be_v never_o make_v less_o than_o 90_o degree_n the_o face_n may_v be_v lengthen_v upon_o the_o ground-line_n till_o they_o meet_v together_o and_o in_o such_o figure_n the_o fausse-bray_a may_v be_v make_v upon_o these_o line_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n secant_fw-la without_o run_a parallel_n with_o the_o flanque_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o numb_a ii_o by_o the_o three_o figure_n 5_o 6_o 7._o but_o when_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n secant_fw-la meet_v one_o another_o within_o the_o courtine_n or_o just_a before_o it_o then_o a_o parallel-line_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v before_o the_o courtine_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o three_o rod_n to_o have_v a_o communication_n as_o the_o understand_a reader_n will_v easy_o perceive_v and_o be_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o numb_a two_o etc._n etc._n of_o the_o counter-scarp_a or_o hide_a way_n the_o modern_a engineer_n do_v strengthen_v the_o outward_a brink_n of_o the_o moat_n or_o counter-scarp_a in_o italian_a with_o ravelin_n and_o halfmoon_n leave_v a_o hide_a way_n with_o a_o ditch_n about_o it_o and_o without_o this_o hide_a way_n they_o make_v sometime_o another_o without_o a_o ditch_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o breda_n which_o latter_a i_o hold_v to_o be_v very_o good_a because_o not_o only_o great_a defence_n may_v be_v make_v from_o thence_o but_o they_o be_v also_o very_o convenient_a for_o sally_v out_o both_o on_o foot_n and_o on_o horseback_n for_o the_o moat_n do_v not_o hinder_v it_o and_o the_o enemy_n do_v not_o know_v from_o what_o side_n he_o must_v expect_v the_o sally_n those_o who_o thus_o sallyout_a be_v drive_v back_o may_v always_o retire_v hither_o and_o present_o be_v in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n again_o behind_o this_o parapet_n whereas_o otherwise_o they_o be_v many_o time_n drive_v into_o the_o ditch_n of_o the_o hide_a way_n with_o great_a loss_n and_o disorder_n this_o hide_a way_n or_o esplanade_n co_v little_a for_o in_o place_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v something_o dry_a it_o be_v cut_v in_o above_o half_a its_o height_n under_o the_o horizon_n that_o be_v three_o or_o four_o foot_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o better_o flanque_v from_o the_o first_o esplanade_n which_o be_v behind_o it_o as_o also_o that_o the_o shot_n may_v fly_v more_o horizontal_o etc._n etc._n i_o do_v fortify_v my_o moat_n with_o another_o kind_n of_o work_n and_o i_o shall_v show_v first_o the_o manner_n how_o i_o do_v it_o and_o afterward_o give_v reason_n why_o it_o be_v so_o much_o better_a than_o the_o modern_a work_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o shall_v discover_v the_o defect_n which_o the_o modern_a work_n be_v subject_a unto_o see_v fig._n 4._o numb_a 3._o which_o be_v part_n of_o a_o regular_a seven-angled_n figure_n after_o my_o little_a royal_a where_o the_o exterior_a polygone_n be_v 80_o ⓪_n long_o now_o to_o draw_v my_o counter-guard_n for_o so_o i_o call_v they_o instead_o of_o counter-scarps_a this_o name_n be_v improper_a about_o it_o and_o to_o give_v they_o such_o a_o form_n as_o may_v fit_v they_o for_o that_o service_n i_o expect_v from_o they_o i_o lengthen_v the_o half-diameter_n k_o o_o to_o a_o or_o further_o at_o pleasure_n then_o i_o measure_v upon_o the_o lengthen_a half-diameter_n from_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o moat_n o_o to_o i_o thirty_o rod_n or_o more_o according_a as_o i_o will_v have_v the_o flanque_n n_z 5_o and_z 4_o r_z short_z or_o long_o then_o i_o draw_v from_o ⅓_n of_o the_o face_n as_o from_o k_o the_o line_n k_o g_z 5_o as_o also_o on_o the_o other_a side_n the_o line_n l_o r_o m_o from_o the_o point_n where_o these_o two_o line_n meet_v which_o shall_v be_v before_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o courtine_n as_o here_o from_o g_o i_o draw_v the_o perpendicular_a g_o h_n which_o
increase_n of_o honour_n here_o and_o what_o may_v be_v merit_v for_o you_o to_o make_v you_o glorious_a in_o the_o world_n to_o come_v subscribe_v in_o the_o quality_n of_o july_n 29._o 1671._o your_o humble_a servant_n tho._n venn_n to_o the_o true_o generous_a gentleman_n and_o citizens_z of_o london_n practise_v arm_n in_o the_o artillery_n garden_n gentleman_n although_o i_o be_o a_o stranger_n to_o you_o i_o must_v declare_v to_o the_o world_n that_o what_o i_o know_v in_o this_o art_n military_a i_o receive_v as_o it_o be_v from_o your_o breast_n from_o some_o who_o be_v leader_n in_o your_o ground_n and_o it_o be_v a_o grief_n to_o i_o that_o i_o live_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o you_o as_o not_o to_o be_v of_o your_o number_n the_o least_o among_o you_o be_v of_o ability_n to_o be_v commander_n in_o chief_a when_o ever_o his_o majesty_n may_v require_v it_o there_o be_v in_o you_o strength_n enough_o to_o shield_v a_o just_a cause_n and_o a_o royal_a cause_n be_v able_a to_o advance_v your_o power_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o do_v by_o you_o without_o it_o it_o be_v that_o which_o give_v strength_n and_o sinew_n to_o all_o your_o motion_n gentleman_n you_o may_v see_v by_o my_o other_o epistle_n what_o author_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o elton_n elton_n and_o if_o you_o find_v some_o of_o the_o word_n of_o command_n one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o other_o late_o before_o i_o i_o can_v not_o help_v it_o for_o this_o be_v finish_v as_o to_o the_o command_n and_o direction_n above_o four_o or_o five_o year_n now_o last_v pass_v and_o in_o all_o that_o time_n i_o never_o see_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o gentleman_n nor_o his_o latter_a piece_n as_o yet_o this_n you_o will_v find_v to_o be_v but_o methodical_a collection_n for_o the_o young_a country_n soldier_n and_o in_o our_o rural_a exercise_n they_o can_v draw_v up_o but_o twelve_o file_n in_o which_o i_o be_o stint_v to_o a_o very_a small_a number_n for_o so_o great_a a_o work_n if_o there_o be_v a_o proportionableness_n in_o the_o arm_n the_o figure_n will_v have_v be_v better_o yet_o not_o in_o the_o least_o presume_v to_o teach_v you_o but_o i_o hope_v with_o your_o favourable_a construction_n you_o will_v allow_v it_o useful_a for_o we_o in_o the_o country_n although_o your_o ability_n may_v teach_v the_o world_n ten_o time_n more_o i_o aim_v at_o nothing_o but_o to_o show_v how_o necessary_a the_o readiness_n and_o use_n of_o arm_n be_v and_o of_o man_n to_o be_v well_o exercise_v in_o they_o which_o have_v be_v a_o benefit_n to_o republic_n as_o history_n and_o experience_n have_v make_v to_o appear_v for_o what_o nation_n have_v not_o find_v safety_n in_o the_o expert_a use_n of_o they_o and_o in_o the_o neglect_n thereof_o ruin_n i_o hope_v there_o be_v none_o of_o you_o so_o disloyal_a as_o not_o to_o obey_v your_o prince_n command_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o can_v but_o commend_v your_o close_a order_n to_o his_o religion_n and_o not_o to_o be_v at_o open_a distance_n it_o be_v that_o which_o will_v make_v your_o obedience_n free_a your_o affection_n settle_v yourselves_o renown_v and_o as_o i_o may_v in_o some_o part_n say_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n secure_v i_o humble_o crave_v your_o pardon_n for_o my_o boldness_n and_o grant_v i_o not_o only_o to_o be_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o well_o wisher_n to_o this_o art_n but_o also_o to_o the_o prosperity_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o i_o shall_v always_o subscribe_v march_v 1671._o you_o tho._n venn_n to_o all_o my_o fellow-officer_n soldier_n and_o love_n countryman_n to_o who_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n be_v delightful_a gentleman_n and_o fellow_n soldier_n although_o there_o be_v discouragement_n enough_o to_o make_v you_o negligent_a in_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n not_o only_o to_o see_v this_o art_n so_o little_o countenance_v but_o our_o late_a enemy_n by_o sit_v still_o grow_v rich_a and_o the_o royal_a son_n of_o mars_n in_o all_o their_o labour_n not_o able_a with_o one_o hand_n to_o wash_v the_o other_o yet_o this_o one_o thing_n in_o make_v ourselves_o capable_a to_o do_v our_o gracious_a king_n and_o country_n service_n shall_v be_v the_o chief_a motive_n to_o labour_n after_o the_o theoric_n part_n of_o this_o art_n by_o which_o we_o shall_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o perform_v the_o practic_n when_o we_o shall_v be_v call_v thereunto_o but_o lest_o these_o few_o collective_n may_v meet_v with_o some_o objection_n why_o that_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o horse_n in_o the_o first_o place_n when_o antiquity_n allow_v the_o precedency_n thereof_o to_o the_o infantry_n it_o be_v not_o to_o raise_v a_o dispute_n among_o the_o novist_n but_o i_o leave_v such_o to_o inquire_v of_o the_o precedency_n in_o a_o council_n of_o war_n and_o who_o take_v place_n there_o will_v resolve_v they_o and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v to_o most_o of_o you_o i_o be_v a_o commander_n of_o horse_n myself_o and_o then_o have_v finish_v my_o weak_a thought_n as_o to_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o which_o be_v view_v by_o some_o gentleman_n of_o our_o country_n i_o be_v desire_v by_o they_o to_o set_v out_o likewise_o some_o few_o collection_n for_o the_o young_a foot_n soldier_n it_o be_v true_a there_o have_v be_v many_o book_n print_v of_o this_o art_n in_o our_o past_a age_n and_o some_o in_o our_o present_n and_o as_o solomon_n say_v of_o make_v many_o book_n there_o be_v no_o end_n yet_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v for_o book_n this_o art_n may_v have_v be_v bury_v in_o oblivion_n and_o if_o i_o shall_v set_v out_o at_o full_a how_o all_o that_o we_o practise_v be_v not_o only_o borrow_v from_o antiquity_n but_o most_o of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o command_n be_v keep_v still_o in_o use_n it_o will_v be_v too_o large_a and_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n i_o shall_v acquiesce_v with_o what_o i_o intend_v for_o my_o private_a use_n but_o be_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v request_v hereunto_o etc._n when_o london_n be_v burn_v 1666._o sept._n 3d._n etc._n etc._n and_o now_o fear_v that_o most_o of_o our_o book_n be_v consume_v by_o fire_n i_o be_o further_a persuade_v to_o put_v these_o introductive_n to_o public_a view_n let_v i_o persuade_v you_o fellow_n soldier_n although_o you_o meet_v with_o many_o discouragement_n and_o scoff_v in_o your_o country_n although_o tax_n lie_v heavy_a upon_o you_o and_o your_o allowance_n do_v not_o answer_v your_o moderate_a expense_n nay_o although_o not_o your_o due_n for_o your_o time_n spend_v herein_o yet_o go_v on_o for_o i_o will_v bold_o tell_v you_o that_o practical_a knowledge_n in_o this_o art_n be_v the_o high_a step_n to_o preferment_n we_o read_v among_o the_o roman_n of_o lucullus_n and_o in_o our_o latter_a age_n of_o m._n spinola_n who_o through_o maturity_n of_o judgement_n and_o great_a learning_n become_v general_n as_o soon_o as_o soldier_n intimate_v that_o it_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o prince_n to_o be_v bear_v leader_n of_o army_n but_o other_o must_v expect_v to_o ascend_v this_o mountain_n of_o honour_n by_o many_o and_o difficult_a step_n therefore_o first_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o honest_a fame_n labour_v after_o the_o practice_n of_o private_a virtue_n then_o orderly_o proceed_v to_o signalise_v thyself_o by_o some_o public_a achievement_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o every_o generous_a spirit_n will_v endeavour_v the_o ascension_n thereof_o you_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o pass_v once_o the_o brunt_n of_o it_o even_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o life_n itself_o you_o will_v find_v delightful_a pleasure_n in_o follow_v the_o exercise_n of_o this_o art_n military_a who_o be_v it_o that_o shall_v think_v so_o despicable_o of_o a_o soldier_n or_o his_o profession_n so_o base_a as_o some_o have_v so_o account_v they_o when_o they_o that_o be_v the_o son_n of_o mars_n and_o have_v the_o true_a form_n of_o military_a discipline_n be_v high_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o honourable_a and_o as_o necessary_a member_n in_o a_o kingdom_n such_o as_o no_o kingdom_n can_v be_v without_o it_o be_v honourable_a because_o it_o be_v compass_v about_o with_o such_o reason_n as_o that_o the_o contemner_n thereof_o by_o the_o judicious_a be_v much_o reprove_v for_o that_o state_n that_o be_v not_o able_a to_o stand_v it_o out_o in_o arm_n against_o the_o rage_n of_o intestine_a and_o foreign_a violence_n be_v sure_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o destroyer_n how_o can_v any_o particular_a interest_n preserve_v itself_o without_o it_o i_o will_v bold_o say_v that_o the_o despiser_n of_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n be_v not_o only_o disloyal_a to_o their_o prince_n but_o destructive_a to_o themselves_o what_o be_v the_o law_n and_o civil_a order_n without_o defence_n
division_n yet_o he_o be_v there_o misplace_v for_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o opinion_n as_o you_o place_v the_o colonel_n in_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o file_n leader_n the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n have_v his_o dignity_n in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o bringer_n up_o the_o major_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o half_a file_n leader_n the_o first_o captain_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o the_o front_n half-file_n thus_o far_o all_o three_o joint_o go_v together_o and_o because_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o number_n of_o man_n but_o equal_a in_o both_o party_n they_o need_v not_o stand_v so_o much_o upon_o a_o equal_a opposement_n but_o that_o the_o second_o captain_n numb_a 5._o may_v have_v his_o just_a place_n of_o honour_n immediate_o next_o unto_o his_o colonel_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o this_o mode_n of_o dignity_n according_a unto_o a_o file_n in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n and_o so_o unto_o a_o rank_n in_o a_o body_n i_o may_v as_o well_o and_o better_o require_v satisfaction_n the_o number_n of_o each_o company_n be_v equal_a in_o soldier_n why_o there_o may_v not_o be_v two_o field_n officer_n in_o the_o colonel_n division_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n which_o i_o leave_v to_o better_a judgement_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o my_o assertion_n as_o join_v with_o barrife_n ward_n and_o other_o in_o apoint_v the_o second_o captain_n who_o be_v the_o five_o place_n of_o honour_n next_o to_o the_o file_n leader_n or_o next_o to_o the_o colonel_n own_o company_n both_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n 17._o bar._n pa._n 17._o 1._o the_o file_n leader_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o worthy_a because_o he_o have_v the_o command_n of_o his_o file_n and_o march_v first_o against_o the_o enemy_n 2._o the_o bringer_n up_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o second_o place_n of_o honour_n because_o his_o place_n of_o march_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o be_v in_o most_o danger_n shall_v the_o enemy_n charge_v on_o that_o part_n 3._o the_o half_a file_n leader_n be_v the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n because_o when_o the_o front_n half_a file_n be_v take_v off_o upon_o any_o occasion_n he_o be_v the_o leader_n unless_o he_o be_v command_v to_o face_n about_o 4._o the_o last_o man_n or_o bringer_n up_o of_o the_o front_n half_a file_n be_v the_o four_o man_n in_o dignity_n for_o so_o he_o be_v when_o the_o rear_n division_n be_v take_v of_o 5._o the_o next_o man_n to_o the_o file_n leader_n have_v the_o five_o place_n of_o honour_n for_o one_o double_v bring_v he_o into_o the_o front_n 6._o the_o sixth_o place_n of_o honour_n be_v before_o the_o bringer_n up_o for_o if_o the_o body_n be_v face_v about_o one_o double_v bring_v he_o into_o that_o accidental_a front_n or_o keep_v of_o his_o proper_a front_n by_o once_o double_v he_o become_v bringer_n up_o to_o the_o file_n leader_n 7._o the_o seven_o dignity_n of_o place_n be_v he_o who_o march_v next_o after_o the_o half_a file_n leader_n for_o when_o the_o half_a file_n double_v the_o front_n or_o march_v forth_o than_o one_o double_v rank_n he_o even_o with_o the_o front_n 8._o the_o eight_o place_n of_o honour_n the_o file_n be_v but_o eight_o in_o depth_n be_v the_o three_o from_o the_o front_n for_o he_o may_v be_v make_v a_o file_n leader_n also_o although_o it_o may_v be_v with_o more_o trouble_n for_o by_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o then_o face_v to_o the_o first_o front_n and_o after_o double_v of_o rank_n make_v he_o a_o file_n leader_n also_o i_o desire_v to_o speak_v nothing_o here_o to_o tie_v up_o the_o ingenious_a to_o any_o particular_a fancy_n when_o his_o own_o reason_n shall_v guide_v he_o in_o this_o military_a discipline_n as_o may_v not_o be_v irregular_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n now_o each_o soldier_n be_v well_o exercise_v in_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o musket_n and_o know_v their_o dignity_n both_o in_o file_n and_o rank_n will_v not_o stand_v still_o here_o but_o must_v be_v labour_v to_o march_v far_o in_o this_o field_n of_o military_a discipline_n that_o by_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o his_o undaunted_a courage_n may_v conduct_v he_o to_o some_o high_a worth_n or_o place_n of_o dignity_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o drum_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o advise_v every_o soldier_n to_o be_v careful_a and_o endeavour_v to_o know_v the_o several_a beates_n thereof_o or_o else_o he_o may_v often_o fall_v short_a of_o his_o captain_n command_n there_o be_v these_o several_a beates_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o military_a sign_n for_o the_o soldier_n to_o walk_v or_o guide_v his_o action_n by_o and_o be_v term_v semivocall_a sign_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o horse_n service_n pa._n 9_o the_o several_a beates_n or_o point_n of_o war_n be_v 1._o a_o call_n 2._o a_o troop_n 3._o a_o march_n 4._o a_o preparative_a 5._o a_o battalion_n 6._o a_o retreit_n beside_o these_o six_o there_o be_v two_o other_o beat_v of_o the_o drum_n 7._o a_o ta-to_a 8._o a_o revally_o the_o ta-to_a be_v beat_v when_o the_o watch_n be_v set_v at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o governor_n after_o which_o in_o most_o place_n or_o garrison_n of_o note_n there_o be_v a_o warn_v piece_n discharge_v so_o that_o none_o be_v to_o be_v out_o of_o their_o house_n without_o the_o word_n be_v give_v they_o etc._n etc._n a_o revally_o be_v beat_v in_o the_o morning_n by_o day_n light_n at_o which_o time_n the_o subofficer_n be_v to_o take_v off_o their_o out_o sentinel_n it_o be_v when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a noise_n of_o gun_n man_n arm_n and_o horse_n the_o commander_n voice_n for_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v hear_v or_o obey_v without_o the_o beat_v of_o the_o drum_n and_o the_o action_n of_o the_o soldier_n whether_o valiant_a or_o otherwise_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v by_o it_o and_o for_o the_o better_a performance_n hereof_o it_o be_v the_o captain_n duty_n to_o teach_v his_o soldier_n distinct_o the_o several_a beat_v of_o the_o drum_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o perform_v their_o respective_a duty_n when_o ever_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o command_v by_o the_o drum_n chap._n v._o of_o distance_n herein_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o what_o distance_n be_v and_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o distance_n without_o distance_n no_o motion_n can_v be_v perform_v although_o distance_n in_o itself_o be_v not_o motion_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o motion_n in_o that_o action_n that_o produce_v our_o several_a distance_n of_o place_n between_o man_n and_o man_n or_o that_o space_n or_o interval_n of_o ground_n either_o in_o file_n or_o rank_n and_o i_o may_v true_o assert_v that_o the_o discipline_n of_o a_o foot_n company_n etc._n etc._n consist_v so_o much_o in_o distance_n and_o motion_n that_o there_o be_v great_a necessity_n of_o learning_n this_o very_a principle_n for_o they_o be_v not_o fix_v in_o one_o station_n but_o be_v mutual_o interchange_v one_o with_o another_o as_o occasion_n be_v offer_v by_o command_n and_o so_o be_v all_o bring_v into_o order_n by_o their_o distance_n for_o if_o a_o perfect_a form_n of_o order_n be_v not_o observe_v disorder_n must_v necessary_o follow_v the_o effect_n of_o which_o produce_v confusion_n in_o our_o modern_a discipline_n there_o be_v these_o four_o distance_n in_o use_n 1._o close_o order_n 2._o order_n 3._o open_v order_n 4._o &_o double_a distance_n 1._o close_o order_n which_o be_v both_o in_o file_n &_o rank_v one_o foot_n and_o half_a 2._o order_n which_o be_v both_o in_o file_n &_o rank_v three_o foot_n 3._o open_v order_n which_o be_v both_o in_o file_n &_o rank_v six_o foot_n 4._o double_a distance_n which_o be_v both_o in_o file_n &_o rank_v twelve_o foot_n there_o be_v several_a distance_n to_o be_v perform_v in_o 1._o march_n 2._o motion_n 3._o skirmish_n 1._o the_o distance_n of_o march_v between_o file_n and_o file_n be_v three_o foot_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_n be_v six_o foot_n 2._o the_o distance_n for_o motion_n as_o for_o double_v of_o file_n and_o rank_n for_o face_n and_o countermarche_n between_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v six_o foot_n 3._o distance_n for_o entire_a doubling_n and_o skirmish_n between_o rank_n and_o file_n be_v three_o foot_n 4._o distance_n for_o prevention_n of_o cannon_n shoot_v be_v 12_o foot_n or_o 24._o foot_n the_o double_a double_a distance_n note_v that_o the_o close_a order_n be_v useful_a 1._o to_o the_o file_n of_o pike_n to_o the_o charge_n of_o horse_n 2._o before_o you_o command_v any_o wheeling_n 3._o when_o the_o commander_n be_v to_o deliver_v somewhat_o to_o the_o soldier_n that_o all_o may_v hear_v observe_v before_o you_o open_a or_o
motion_n and_o if_o you_o place_v they_o behind_o their_o right_a hand_n man_n then_o let_v the_o right_a hand_n man_n face_n about_o to_o the_o left_a and_o the_o rest_n pass_v through_o and_o fall_v behind_o they_o figure_n 9_o a_o counter_a word_n of_o command_n will_v reduce_v they_o etc._n etc._n there_o be_v many_o countermarche_n that_o produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n provide_v you_o close_o your_o division_n and_o face_n they_o to_o their_o proper_a front_n only_o they_o differ_v in_o place_n first_o therefore_o you_o may_v brief_o observe_v that_o in_o those_o countermarche_n that_o maintain_v their_o ground_n the_o first_o second_o three_o four_o and_o five_o command_n then_o in_o lose_v of_o ground_n the_o first_o second_o three_o four_o five_o ten_o and_o eleven_o command_n and_o in_o gain_v of_o ground_n the_o first_o second_o three_o four_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o do_v and_o will_v produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n second_o also_o for_o maintain_v of_o ground_n the_o six_o and_o seven_o and_o in_o lose_v of_o ground_n the_o six_o seven_o and_o eight_o and_o also_o in_o gain_v of_o ground_n the_o nine_o command_v produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n oserve_v for_o the_o countermarching_n of_o half_a rank_n see_v in_o the_o doubling_n of_o the_o flank_n thirteen_o and_o fourteen_o command_v they_o produce_v the_o same_o figure_n as_o the_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o figure_n by_o all_o which_o you_o will_v the_o better_o understand_v the_o one_o for_o the_o other_o although_o countermarche_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n and_o use_v among_o the_o grecian_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o much_o of_o use_n in_o our_o present_a mode_n of_o discipline_n therefore_o to_o conclude_v though_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v no_o burden_n yet_o to_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o face_n of_o a_o enemy_n may_v prove_v prejudicial_a and_o the_o best_a expert_a in_o this_o art_n allow_v that_o they_o may_v be_v best_a spare_v of_o any_o motion_n whatever_o chap._n xvi_o of_o wheeling_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o wheeling_n and_o the_o several_a use_n of_o they_o as_o to_o the_o strengthen_n of_o the_o front_n reer_n and_o both_o flank_n before_o you_o enter_v upon_o they_o take_v these_o four_o observation_n 1._o that_o you_o close_v your_o rank_n and_o file_n to_o your_o order_n foot_n 3._o foot_n 2._o that_o in_o all_o your_o wheeling_n you_o keep_v a_o due_a distance_n to_o your_o leader_n 3._o that_o in_o all_o command_v for_o wheeling_n such_o moderation_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o their_o motion_n that_o they_o on_o the_o contrary_a flank_n be_v not_o force_v by_o run_v to_o disorder_v themselves_o 4._o that_o your_o arm_n be_v at_o such_o posture_n as_o may_v be_v equivalent_a to_o each_o other_o this_o be_v if_o the_o musket_n be_v poise_v the_o pike_n be_v to_o be_v advance_v which_o be_v the_o posture_n best_a to_o be_v use_v in_o these_o motion_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o wheeling_n first_o angular_a wheeling_n second_o wheeling_n on_o the_o midst_n or_o centre_n i_o shall_v not_o use_v the_o word_n centre_n for_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o a_o circular_a body_n than_o to_o a_o square_a these_o in_o their_o motion_n or_o action_n be_v term_v either_o entire_a or_o divisional_a 1._o entire_a wheeling_n be_v for_o the_o gain_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o enemy_n or_o to_o fight_v he_o with_o your_o best_a man_n as_o occasion_n serve_v turn_v the_o first_o aspect_n whole_o to_o the_o command_v give_v 2._o divisional_a wheeling_n be_v perform_v extend_v the_o battle_n either_o in_o length_n or_o depth_n and_o may_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o be_v call_v doubling_n i_o have_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o doubling_n demonstrate_v some_o of_o they_o by_o figure_n and_o shall_v not_o recite_v they_o here_o again_o but_o quote_v they_o by_o their_o several_a number_n of_o command_n first_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o angular_a wheeling_n and_o they_o so_o call_v because_o the_o corner_n man_n to_o which_o the_o aspect_n be_v command_v be_v the_o main_a hinge_n of_o the_o motion_n observe_v the_o wheeling_n to_o the_o right_n and_o to_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v about_o be_v term_v angular_a and_o for_o the_o wheeling_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v about_o on_o the_o same_o ground_n be_v wheeling_n on_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o front_n all_o which_o be_v entire_a the_o other_o divisional_a centre_n centre_n 1._o command_n wheel_v your_o body_n all_o or_o your_o battle_n to_o the_o 1._o right_o wheeling_n entire_a angular_a wheeling_n or_o 2._o left_a this_o wheeling_n move_v the_o main_a body_n from_o the_o ground_n whereon_o it_o first_o stand_v and_o place_v it_o on_o the_o right_a flank_n cause_v the_o aspect_n of_o the_o proper_a front_n to_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o observe_v that_o the_o right_a hand_n man_n be_v to_o move_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n with_o a_o very_a small_a motion_n and_o every_o man_n else_o to_o remember_v that_o the_o far_o off_o he_o be_v from_o the_o right_a angle_n the_o swift_a must_v his_o motion_n be_v to_o reduce_v they_o wheel_n to_o the_o left_a but_o this_o will_v not_o transfer_v they_o to_o the_o same_o ground_n but_o to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o first_o aspect_n on_o the_o same_o ground_n you_o must_v face_n they_o all_o to_o the_o right_n then_o wheel_v they_o to_o the_o left_a and_o face_v they_o to_o the_o left_a it_o be_v complect_v 2._o command_n wheel_v your_o body_n all_o or_o your_o battle_n to_o the_o 1._o right_o or_o 2._o leave_v about_o this_o turn_v the_o aspect_n towards_o the_o rear_n now_o by_o reason_n the_o motion_n be_v twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a care_n have_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o observe_v so_o much_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n man_n that_o they_o fail_v not_o of_o be_v even_o in_o rank_n with_o he_o to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o first_o ground_n face_n to_o the_o right_n wheel_n to_o the_o leave_v about_o than_o face_n they_o to_o the_o left_a although_o to_o the_o leave_v about_o may_v reduce_v they_o but_o not_o on_o the_o same_o ground_n you_o may_v observe_v that_o wheeling_n be_v the_o most_o facile_a for_o their_o reducement_n as_o for_o example_n wheel_v your_o flank_n into_o the_o front_n be_v reduce_v by_o wheel_v your_o flank_n into_o the_o rear_n or_o to_o wheel_v your_o front_n and_o rear_n into_o both_o flank_n be_v reduce_v by_o wheel_v both_o flank_n into_o your_o front_n and_o rear_n etc._n etc._n second_o i_o proceed_v to_o wheeling_n on_o the_o midst_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o front_n which_o be_v entire_a and_o divisional_a and_o be_v quick_a in_o their_o motion_n and_o perform_v on_o less_o ground_n 1._o command_n wheel_v your_o battle_n to_o the_o 1._o right_v 2._o leave_v on_o the_o same_o ground_n entire_a entire_a this_o be_v term_v grove_n van_n nawsaw_n wheel_v but_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o i_o why_o our_o ancient_n and_o modern_a writer_n call_v these_o command_n wheeling_n on_o the_o same_o ground_n when_o i_o be_o sure_a there_o will_v be_v ground_n lose_v in_o the_o motion_n from_o the_o first_o they_o stand_v upon_o in_o a_o direct_a square_n this_o may_v be_v better_o perform_v and_o less_o loss_n of_o ground_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n the_o left_a flank_n advance_v forward_o still_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n and_o the_o right_a flank_n contrariwise_o face_v to_o the_o left_a and_o keep_v fall_v backward_o even_o in_o rear_n with_o the_o left_a half_a rank_n and_o so_o still_o move_v unto_o the_o place_n command_v face_n all_o to_o the_o right_a flank_n you_o may_v wheel_v to_o the_o leave_v also_o to_o reduce_v this_o wheel_v your_o battle_n to_o the_o left_a on_o the_o same_o ground_n 2._o command_n wheel_v your_o body_n to_o the_o 1._o right_o or_o 2._o leave_v about_o on_o the_o same_o ground_n the_o direction_n to_o the_o former_a will_v serve_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o only_o the_o motion_n be_v double_a as_o much_o and_o their_o face_n be_v turn_v from_o the_o first_o front_n towards_o the_o rear_n to_o reduce_v this_o wheel_v your_o battle_n to_o the_o leave_v about_o on_o the_o same_o ground_n 92._o divisional_a wheeling_n bingham_n 2._o part_n tactic_a pag._n 92._o 3._o command_n wheel_n to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v from_o the_o front_n or_o wheel_v off_o your_o front_n by_o division_n or_o if_o you_o will_v not_o go_v so_o far_o then_o wheel_v your_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n by_o division_n â—_o this_o wheel_v your_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n by_o division_n produce_v the_o same_o figure_n with_o figure_n â—_o if_o upon_o occasion_n musquetteer_n be_v on_o the_o front_n of_o the_o pike_n by_o
i_o have_v stretch_v they_o as_o far_o as_o be_v convenient_a that_o by_o their_o figure_n they_o may_v be_v so_o well_o understand_v that_o when_o large_a number_n be_v before_o you_o your_o command_n may_v be_v perform_v with_o more_o delight_n and_o security_n but_o before_o the_o drum_n beat_v a_o march_n to_o depart_v the_o field_n i_o shall_v brief_o declare_v that_o in_o grand_a battalia_n or_o field_n service_n the_o soldier_n fire_v by_o volley_n or_o as_o term_v by_o some_o salve_n of_o shot_n that_o be_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fire_v entire_o by_o two_o or_o three_o rank_n or_o more_o as_o your_o number_n will_v permit_v and_o occasion_n require_v thereby_o pour_v shower_n of_o lead_n upon_o your_o enemy_n now_o this_o way_n of_o fire_v and_o those_o also_o of_o gain_v ground_n i_o can_v wish_v the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v often_o experience_v in_o the_o commander_n in_o take_v pain_n with_o his_o soldier_n can_v be_v the_o worse_a for_o it_o and_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o soldier_n much_o the_o better_o be_v fit_v thereby_o to_o meet_v his_o enemy_n in_o any_o field_n service_n when_o his_o majesty_n shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o command_v he_o for_o that_o commander_n that_o be_v experience_v in_o this_o art_n military_n find_v that_o those_o who_o know_v but_o little_o more_o than_o the_o theory_n part_n be_v ofttimes_o puzzle_v or_o at_o a_o stand_n what_o can_v such_o who_o be_v but_o mere_a bookleidgers_n do_v when_o their_o number_n of_o man_n be_v want_v or_o nature_n in_o place_n spare_v to_o their_o advantage_n or_o intention_n such_o when_o they_o be_v force_v to_o action_n they_o will_v fail_v of_o their_o expectation_n and_o at_o last_o must_v be_v behold_v to_o other_o that_o be_v better_a artist_n or_o else_o it_o may_v prove_v a_o fatal_a ruin_n to_o both_o some_o of_o my_o friend_n may_v think_v that_o i_o shall_v treat_v also_o somewhat_o concern_v the_o dignity_n of_o officer_n in_o march_v &_o in_o place_v of_o they_o in_o field_n service_n but_o that_o belong_v to_o commander_n of_o a_o high_a degree_n it_o will_v be_v presumption_n in_o i_o to_o lay_v down_o rule_v for_o they_o to_o follow_v for_o any_o minor_a officer_n that_o for_o his_o satisfaction_n will_v be_v please_v to_o view_v the_o three_o chapter_n of_o these_o obsevation_n he_o may_v understand_v the_o method_n and_o mode_n thereof_o and_o i_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o judgement_n that_o all_o dignity_n in_o march_v of_o a_o regiment_n be_v from_o a_o file_n and_o the_o draw_v up_o of_o company_n for_o a_o battalion_n be_v from_o a_o rank_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o come_v to_o show_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxiii_o show_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n with_o their_o antiquity_n because_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o sound_v in_o my_o ear_n what_o need_v all_o this_o trouble_n and_o expense_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n we_o be_v now_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n what_o need_v we_o to_o make_v provision_n &_o c_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o some_o example_n show_v first_o how_o ancient_a the_o use_n of_o arm_n have_v be_v second_o a_o complaint_n for_o want_n of_o arms._n and_o three_o the_o end_n and_o use_v of_o they_o for_o the_o first_o abraham_n have_v three_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o man_n in_o his_o house_n fit_v for_o war_n upon_o short_a warning_n moses_n show_v the_o people_n how_o to_o encamp_v by_o their_o standard_n under_o the_o ensign_n of_o their_o father_n house_n joshua_n and_o the_o judge_n under_o who_o of_o reuben_n and_o gad_n and_o the_o half_a tribe_n of_o manasseh_n be_v four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o man_n exercise_v in_o war_n you_o may_v read_v of_o david_n of_o solomon_n of_o jehosaphat_n of_o asa_n of_o vzziah_n who_o care_n in_o this_o particular_a be_v most_o plentiful_o declare_v second_o of_o the_o complaint_n for_o want_v of_o arms._n we_o read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v there_o a_o shield_n or_o a_o spear_n see_v among_o forty_o thousand_o in_o israel_n this_o question_n be_v a_o plain_a negative_a there_o be_v not_o here_o be_v that_o defectus_fw-la remedii_fw-la the_o want_n of_o help_n great_a be_v their_o misery_n but_o no_o remedy_n not_o a_o spear_n to_o offend_v nor_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o shield_n to_o defend_v war_n be_v at_o their_o gate_n yet_o neither_o offensive_a nor_o defensive_a weapon_n to_o assist_v such_o a_o extremity_n as_o this_o be_v will_v cause_v all_o to_o be_v lose_v either_o present_a possession_n or_o in_o future_a possibility_n so_o that_o hope_n and_o help_v in_o such_o extremity_n must_v be_v lay_v aside_o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a distress_n in_o the_o time_n of_o saul_n when_o the_o spoiler_n be_v come_v out_o from_o the_o philistine_n there_o be_v neither_o sword_n nor_o spear_n find_v in_o any_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v with_o saul_n and_o jonathan_n but_o with_o saul_n and_o jonathan_n only_a yet_o although_o here_o be_v a_o great_a want_n they_o have_v victory_n it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o god_n can_v give_v victory_n by_o small_a mean_n and_o as_o the_o apostle_n say_v to_o christ_n master_n here_o be_v two_o sword_n he_o answer_v it_o be_v enough_o he_o can_v give_v your_o enemy_n into_o your_o hand_n with_o two_o sword_n with_o one_o sword_n with_o no_o sword_n all_o this_o be_v to_o convince_v the_o child_n of_o israel_n that_o god_n fight_v for_o they_o to_o move_v they_o to_o bless_v the_o lord_n man_n five_o monarchy_n man_n although_o some_o have_v be_v such_o audacious_a rebel_n to_o think_v their_o zeal_n shall_v even_o beck_n god_n almighty_a or_o to_o command_v power_n and_o aid_n from_o he_o to_o fight_v for_o they_o therefore_o bold_o attempt_v of_o late_a say_v that_o ten_o shall_v chase_v a_o hundred_o and_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o but_o through_o the_o unjustness_n of_o their_o undertake_n and_o fewness_n in_o number_n they_o must_v sink_v to_o convince_v they_o and_o all_o other_o upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o religion_n that_o will_v be_v such_o rebellious_a dissenter_n god_n almighty_n will_v not_o only_o fight_v against_o they_o but_o will_v deliver_v they_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n to_o magnify_v his_o own_o power_n in_o bring_v such_o to_o condign_a punishment_n three_o for_o the_o end_n and_o use_v of_o arm_n it_o be_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o our_o just_a right_n which_o wrongful_o have_v be_v detain_v or_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o they_o against_o any_o opposer_n either_o foreign_a or_o domestic_a for_o these_o end_n arm_n may_v be_v use_v and_o war_n proclaim_v yet_o not_o by_o any_o other_o way_n or_o pretence_n but_o by_o and_o with_o his_o majesty_n consideration_n thereof_o whether_o just_a or_o unjust_a by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o be_v either_o encourage_v or_o discourage_v a_o just_a cause_n may_v be_v far_o consider_v in_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o people_n the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o to_o the_o first_o there_o be_v never_o any_o war_n intend_v but_o to_o make_v way_n for_o peace_n it_o be_v a_o base_a end_n to_o desire_v peace_n by_o which_o to_o levy_v a_o force_n against_o a_o unjust_a war_n but_o so_o to_o desire_v a_o just_a war_n that_o thereby_o may_v be_v settle_v a_o well_o ground_a peace_n a_o second_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v consider_v be_v the_o health_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n some_o must_v be_v endanger_v that_o all_o may_v not_o be_v destroy_v i_o can_v wish_v that_o our_o chiefetain_v and_o gentleman_n with_o those_o dull_a lead_v spirit_n of_o our_o rot_a country_n and_o miserable_a worldling_n will_v consider_v for_o who_o sake_n the_o worthy_a soldier_n spare_v neither_o time_n nor_o purse_n in_o this_o noble_a exercise_n but_o even_o for_o they_o and_o they_o they_o and_o their_o child_n yet_o they_o must_v be_v judge_v most_o contemptible_a rather_o than_o to_o countenance_v they_o some_o will_v burden_v they_o in_o their_o rate_n and_o tax_n and_o keep_v their_o just_a due_n and_o pay_v from_o they_o yet_o consider_v who_o it_o be_v that_o must_v preserve_v your_o city_n and_o country_n temple_n and_o palace_n traffic_v and_o markett_n ship_n and_o shop_n from_o ruin_n desolation_n and_o destruction_n but_o the_o soldier_n under_o god_n three_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o kingdom_n lie_v much_o in_o a_o people_n well_o discipline_v in_o the_o art_n of_o war._n that_o prince_n that_o make_v it_o his_o design_n to_o have_v his_o people_n instruct_v and_o train_v up_o in_o military_a exercise_n will_v make_v his_o enemy_n to_o fear_v he_o both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o and_o that_o people_n that_o shall_v just_o be_v
flee_v and_o retire_v to_o the_o next_o wall_a town_n and_o have_v knowledge_n long_o before_o of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o army_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o able_a so_o to_o drive_v and_o carry_v away_o their_o victual_n and_o forage_v but_o that_o the_o enemy_n find_v barnes_n full_a in_o every_o place_n as_o the_o enemy_n be_v never_o force_v to_o forage_v four_o mile_n from_o their_o camp_n so_o difficult_a or_o rather_o impossible_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o carry_v away_o our_o victual_n or_o forage_v or_o leave_v the_o enemy_n a_o waste_a country_n but_o if_o here_o in_o england_n we_o shall_v drive_v or_o carry_v away_o our_o victual_n or_o forage_v to_o the_o next_o wall_v town_n victual_n here_o he_o speak_v as_o if_o the_o enemy_n by_o his_o land_n be_v straight_o master_n of_o the_o field_n and_o no_o place_n leave_v we_o but_o wall_a town_n to_o guard_v our_o cattle_n and_o victual_n the_o enemy_n be_v quiet_o land_v with_o all_o his_o munition_n shall_v have_v his_o chief_a desire_n know_v not_o only_a how_o weak_a and_o unfortified_a our_o town_n be_v but_o also_o how_o unprovided_a of_o all_o necessary_n to_o abide_v a_o siege_n as_o if_o fortification_n on_o a_o sudden_a can_v be_v make_v wherefore_o it_o be_v wish_v that_o all_o provident_a mean_n shall_v be_v use_v to_o give_v the_o enemy_n all_o possible_a annoyance_n before_o and_o at_o his_o land_n prevent_v by_o reason_n and_o precedent_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o a_o invadour_n land_v can_v be_v prevent_v and_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o suffer_v he_o to_o land_n quiet_o or_o to_o trust_v to_o that_o temporize_a course_n which_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v practise_v when_o all_o other_o mean_v fail_v than_o to_o be_v rely_v upon_o at_o the_o beginning_n steal_v too_o late_o to_o shut_v the_o stable_a when_o the_o steed_n be_v steal_v it_o be_v grant_v perilous_a for_o a_o defendant_n prince_n to_o hazard_v his_o crown_n upon_o a_o battle_n and_o more_o dangerous_a for_o man_n untrayn_v to_o encounter_v expert_a discipline_v soldier_n and_o most_o perilous_a to_o we_o that_o have_v no_o strong_a town_n to_o make_v head_n if_o we_o lose_v the_o battle_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o judgement_n to_o wish_v our_o prince_n to_o give_v a_o invade_a enemy_n battle_n with_o all_o our_o force_n how_o well_o prepare_v and_o order_v soever_o they_o be_v but_o the_o meaning_n be_v to_o have_v such_o provision_n in_o every_o shire_n as_o we_o may_v be_v able_a ready_o on_o a_o sudden_a to_o give_v the_o enemy_n all_o annoyance_n possible_a before_o and_o at_o his_o land_n whilst_o the_o inward_a force_n of_o our_o country_n may_v the_o better_o assemble_v and_o put_v themselves_o in_o military_a order_n to_o proceed_v after_o as_o shall_v be_v most_o convenient_a a_o reply_n to_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a now_o to_o come_v to_o the_o question_n and_o matter_n propound_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o fight_v with_o a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n or_o to_o defer_v battle_n borderer_n a_o distinguisher_n betwixt_o a_o enemy_n invador_fw-la and_o a_o enemy_n borderer_n i_o will_v first_o distinguish_v between_o a_o enemy_n invador_fw-la who_o we_o do_v presuppose_v will_v be_v a_o conqueror_n to_o alter_v and_o change_v the_o state_n and_o another_o enemy_n borderer_n who_o either_o to_o procure_v a_o new_a quarrel_n or_o to_o revenge_v a_o old_a wrong_n may_v support_v some_o small_a company_n by_o ship_v or_o dwell_v upon_o the_o main_a and_o make_v incursion_n into_o a_o country_n only_o to_o burn_v and_o spoil_v some_o part_n thereof_o such_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v fight_v withal_o at_o his_o first_o appearance_n or_o land_n because_o there_o be_v a_o mean_n and_o likelihood_n to_o repulse_v he_o again_o with_o the_o only_a aid_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o frontier_n force_n as_o have_v be_v already_o allege_v viz._n that_o if_o the_o enemy_n shall_v intend_v but_o to_o land_n and_o burn_v some_o house_n and_o village_n near_o the_o sea_n coast_n for_o the_o prevention_n thereof_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v it_o be_v good_a to_o appoint_v only_o those_o that_o dwell_v within_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n of_o the_o sea_n side_n to_o repair_v thither_o to_o make_v resistance_n hope_n these_o may_v be_v term_v the_o forelorn_a hope_n and_o for_o their_o succour_n to_o appoint_v the_o horse_n man_n to_o draw_v down_o to_o the_o plain_n next_o adjoin_v who_o may_v also_o give_v they_o stop_v for_o straggle_a far_o into_o the_o country_n and_o though_o you_o shall_v receive_v a_o foil_n there_o be_v no_o danger_n for_o his_o intent_n be_v not_o to_o dwell_v and_o tarry_v by_o it_o but_o for_o a_o invadour_n as_o there_o be_v difference_n of_o his_o intention_n and_o force_n so_o must_v you_o make_v also_o a_o difference_n in_o the_o encounter_n and_o prevention_n according_o who_o if_o he_o can_v be_v defeat_v by_o our_o navy_n be_v always_o prefer_v by_o the_o first_o trial_n although_o it_o be_v hardly_o gather_v to_o the_o contrary_a against_o i_o which_o either_o i_o say_v might_n by_o contrary_a wind_n or_o other_o accident_n happen_v to_o miss_v each_o other_o and_o so_o the_o enemy_n come_v undiscovered_a upon_o our_o coast_n time_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n do_v out_o of_o normandy_n in_o edward_n the_o fourth_n time_n or_o otherwise_o may_v land_n in_o despite_n of_o our_o ship_n than_o my_o opinion_n be_v to_o restrain_v the_o country_n disorderly_a run_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n coast_n as_o a_o thing_n very_o dangerous_a be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v their_o land_n first_o because_o it_o be_v say_v such_o a_o enemy_n will_v land_n more_o man_n within_o three_o hour_n than_o will_v be_v meet_a in_o reason_n for_o you_o to_o fight_v in_o three_o day_n such_o a_o while_n will_v it_o be_v before_o the_o country_n can_v come_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n side_n as_o have_v be_v see_v by_o many_o false_a alarm_n give_v to_o the_o country_n for_o trial_n of_o the_o readiness_n thereof_o next_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a so_o to_o man_n the_o sea_n coast_n round_o as_o that_o a_o enemy_n mean_v to_o land_n and_o burn_v only_o may_v be_v prevent_v for_o that_o he_o will_v make_v show_n to_o land_n in_o one_o place_n and_o the_o country_n be_v draw_v down_o thither_o may_v sudden_o weigh_v anchor_n and_o sail_v further_o in_o few_o hour_n than_o your_o army_n that_o you_o have_v provide_v in_o a_o readiness_n can_v march_v well_o in_o two_o day_n as_o for_o example_n prevent_v how_o your_o prepare_a force_n may_v be_v prevent_v the_o french_a make_v a_o show_n in_o king_n henry_n the_o eighth_n day_n as_o though_o they_o will_v land_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n or_o portsmouth_n &_o find_v the_o country_n draw_v down_o thither_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o king_n be_v there_o hoist_a sail_n land_v &_o burn_v at_o brighthmesteed_o in_o sussex_n &_o in_o the_o down_n in_o kent_n and_o after_o return_v and_o land_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n then_o see_v the_o enemy_n remove_v from_o place_n to_o place_n be_v so_o speedy_a and_o his_o land_a place_n so_o uncertain_a and_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o before_o hand_n impossible_a i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o strong_a a_o resistance_n the_o country_n can_v be_v able_a to_o make_v upon_o the_o sudden_a against_o a_o invadour_n that_o will_v land_n a_o thousand_o or_o two_o at_o one_o instant_a or_o rather_o which_o have_v embark_v his_o man_n invessel_n of_o so_o small_a draught_n as_o the_o man_n may_v leap_v a_o shore_n out_o of_o they_o the_o opponent_n meaning_n to_o sail_v safe_o betwixt_o the_o two_o rock_n of_o scylla_n and_o charybdis_n imagine_v he_o go_v clear_a when_o as_o he_o strike_v upon_o both_o who_o see_v to_o dislike_v of_o give_v battle_n will_v have_v the_o country_n draw_v down_o to_o make_v resistance_n and_o impeach_v their_o land_n i_o will_v thereupon_o ask_v this_o question_n if_o the_o man_n you_o send_v down_o be_v once_o in_o fight_n whether_o you_o think_v it_o not_o requisite_a to_o second_v they_o and_o if_o you_o second_v they_o what_o do_v you_o else_o but_o engage_v yourself_o to_o battle_n if_o you_o will_v not_o second_v they_o then_o do_v you_o most_o barbarous_o expose_v your_o man_n to_o the_o slaughter_n and_o butchery_n of_o your_o enemy_n how_o great_a a_o discouragement_n that_o will_v be_v to_o your_o people_n and_o what_o inconvenience_n may_v follow_v i_o leave_v to_o your_o judgement_n to_o consider_v but_o from_o whence_o proceed_v this_o opinion_n of_o the_o necessity_n or_o convenience_n of_o a_o rash_a and_o sudden_a encounter_n with_o a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n but_o from_o a_o excessive_a fear_n and_o doubtfulness_n conceive_v beforehand_o that_o all_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v lose_v if_o the_o enemy_n
beside_o the_o flancque_a defence_n f_o c_o d_o e_o can_v scour_v only_o one_o point_n of_o the_o round_a tower_n b_o c_o a_o because_o round_a body_n can_v be_v touch_v by_o right_a line_n but_o in_o one_o point_n only_o at_o last_o be_v conquer_v itself_o and_o find_v out_o that_o way_n of_o defence_n which_o we_o now_o use_v turn_v the_o wall_n into_o rampart_n and_o the_o round_a turret_n into_o bulwark_n fit_v with_o face_n and_o flancque_n and_o enclose_v the_o whole_a fortification_n with_o right_n or_o straight_a line_n to_o conclude_v it_o be_v bring_v so_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o enemy_n let_v he_o stand_v where_o he_o will_v shall_v lie_v open_a to_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n mutual_o defend_v one_o another_o be_v about_o to_o treat_v of_o this_o last_o manner_n of_o fortification_n i_o will_v keep_v such_o order_n that_o when_o i_o shall_v have_v expound_v the_o term_n that_o be_v use_v in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v then_o propose_v the_o rule_n and_o principle_n of_o the_o art_n and_o thus_o instruct_v at_o last_o god_n willing_a we_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o practice_n itself_o chap._n ii_o the_o term_n of_o military_a architecture_n be_v expound_v 1._o a_o fortification_n be_v a_o place_n have_v such_o a_o circumference_n who_o each_o part_n receive_v from_o other_o part_n a_o flancque_a or_o side_n defence_n beside_o the_o foreright_o defence_n they_o yield_v themselves_o so_o that_o all_o part_n mutual_o scour_v one_o another_o one_o part_n be_v say_v to_o scour_v or_o flanque_fw-la one_o another_o fig._n 5_o when_o it_o can_v defend_v it_o with_o the_o parallel_n shoot_v of_o a_o gun_n so_o the_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n x_o b_o c_o scowr_n the_o part_n f_o g_z the_o part_n a_o e_o f_o scowr_n c_o d_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n 2._o to_o delineate_v a_o fortification_n be_v to_o describe_v the_o out-line_n of_o the_o fortification_n 3._o a_o regular_a fortification_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o regular_a figure_n have_v all_o its_o part_n equal_a and_o like_v place_v 4._o a_o regular_a figure_n be_v that_o which_o have_v equal_a side_n and_o angle_n such_o be_v the_o figure_n h_o k_n r_o p_o m_o n_o all_o who_o side_n k_o r_n r_o p_o p_o m_o m_o n_o n_o k_o and_o angle_v n_n m_o p_o r_o k_n be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o about_o this_o a_o circle_n may_v be_v circumscribe_v that_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o centre_n h_n as_o the_o figure_n have_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v between_o two_o semidiameter_n k_o h_n r_o h._n the_o angle_n of_o the_o circumference_n or_o of_o the_o figure_n be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v between_o the_o side_n of_o the_o figure_n as_o m_n p_o etc._n etc._n 5._o a_o irregular_a fort_n be_v that_o which_o be_v build_v on_o a_o irregular_a figure_n a_o irregular_a figure_n be_v that_o which_o have_v neither_o side_n nor_o angle_n equal_a 6._o a_o bulwark_n or_o bastion_n fig._n 6_o be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o fort_n b_o d_o h_o l_o m_o which_o most_o of_o all_o run_v into_o the_o field_n 7._o a_o c_o b_o d_o be_v the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 8._o d_o h_n c_o g_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 9_o b_o f_o m_o f_o the_o gorge_n or_o neck_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 10._o f_o h_n e_o g_o the_o capital_a line_n 11._o a_o b_o the_o courtine_n 12._o if_o the_o flanque_fw-la of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v divide_v in_o the_o point_n 2_o and_o on_o the_o inside_n you_o take_v 5_o 3_o equal_a to_o 2_o b_o and_o join_v the_o point_n 2_o 3_o the_o part_z 3_o d_o or_o that_o curve_v line_n within_o it_o be_v call_v orillon_n or_o ear_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o 3_o 5_o be_v call_v the_o flancque_n couvert_v but_o the_o use_n of_o these_o orillon_n be_v almost_o out_o of_o date_n 13._o c_o q._n the_o flanque_fw-fr prolong_v 14._o q_o g_o the_o front_n or_o surface_n 15._o b_o g_o the_o fichant_n line_n of_o defence_n 16._o r_o g_o the_o flanque_a line_n of_o defence_n 17._o k_o b_o the_o flanque_fw-la of_o the_o courtine_n call_v by_o the_o french_a the_o second_o flanque_n it_o be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o flanque_fw-la of_o the_o bastion_n d_o b_o and_o the_o flanque_a line_n of_o defence_n kg_v 18._o e_o f_o the_o side_n of_o the_o inward_a polygon_n or_o figure_n 19_o g_o h_n the_o side_n of_o the_o outward_a polygon_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o bastion_n 20._o p_o e_o p_o f_o the_o radius_fw-la of_o the_o inward_a polygon_n or_o figure_n 21._o p_o g_o p_o h_n the_o radius_fw-la of_o the_o outward_a polygon_n 22._o e_o p_o f_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n vide_fw-la def_n 4._o 23._o a_o e_o o_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n vide_fw-la def_n 4._o 24._o n_o g_o c_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n call_v in_o french_a angle_n flancque_n 25._o k_o c_o a_o i_o d_o b_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_fw-fr and_o flanque_a line_n of_o defence_n call_v in_o french_a angle_z de_z laflancquant_v &_o du_fw-fr flancque_fw-fr 26_o c_o k_n a_n d_o i_o b_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_a line_n of_o defence_n and_o courtine_n call_v in_o french_a angle_z flancquant_v interieur_fw-fr 27._o a_o c_o g_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_fw-fr and_o face_n 28._o g_o t_o h_o the_o angle_n of_o defence_n in_o french_a angle_n flancquant_v exterieur_fw-fr angle_n de_fw-fr tenailles_fw-fr 29._o d_o s_o h_o the_o angle_n determine_v the_o flanque_fw-la angle_n form_n flanque_fw-fr there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o fortification_n as_o to_o their_o magnitude_n 30._o a_o fort_n royal_a be_v that_o who_o fichant_n line_n do_v not_o exceed_v a_o musquet-shot_a and_o be_v use_v most_o in_o fortify_v city_n and_o great_a place_n 31._o the_o middle_a sort_n of_o fort_n royal_a be_v that_o who_o fichant_n line_n be_v less_o than_o musquet-shot_a but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o bulwork_n more_o 32._o the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o fort_n royal_a be_v that_o who_o bulwork_n be_v distant_a just_a musquet-shot_a those_o that_o be_v less_o be_v call_v castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n we_o shall_v expound_v the_o orthographical_a term_n or_o the_o profile_n common_o call_v the_o upright_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n iii_o the_o canon_n or_o principal_a rule_n of_o fortification_n 1._o the_o end_n of_o fortification_n be_v that_o few_o may_v resist_v many_o 2._o the_o form_n of_o the_o fort_n must_v be_v such_o that_o all_o its_o part_n may_v receive_v a_o oblique_a flanquing-side_n defence_n beside_o the_o foreright_o defence_n they_o afford_v themselves_o 3._o therefore_o each_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n must_v flanque_fw-la and_o be_v flanque_v the_o manner_n of_o flanque_a be_v this_o the_o face_n which_o be_v the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o fortification_n be_v defend_v by_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o courtine_n as_o also_o by_o the_o opposite_a fig._n 5_o face_n the_o flanque_fw-fr of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v defend_v by_o the_o courtine_n and_o the_o courtine_n by_o the_o flanque_n vid._n fig._n 5._o fig._n 6_o 4._o the_o short_a and_o obliquer_fw-fr the_o defence_n line_n be_v so_o much_o the_o strong_a and_o sure_a now_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o obliquer_fw-fr as_o the_o angle_n of_o defence_n g_o t_o h_o shall_v be_v acuter_n fig._n 5_o 5._o the_o fichant_n line_n b_o g_o a_o g_o must_v not_o exceed_v a_o musquet-shot_a that_o be_v 750_o or_o 720_o foot_n the_o bullet_n may_v be_v carry_v far_o but_o not_o to_o do_v execution_n at_o a_o mark_n the_o fichant_n line_n among_o all_o the_o line_n of_o the_o fort_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o do_v itself_o determinate_a the_o bigness_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n note_n when_o we_o shall_v make_v mention_n of_o foot_n you_o must_v understand_v they_o to_o be_v rhyneland_n foot_n 6._o above_o all_o care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o make_v the_o flanque_a part_n of_o the_o fortification_n as_o large_a as_o you_o can_v 7._o therefore_o let_v the_o flanque_fw-fr of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v of_o a_o just_a bigness_n and_o make_v the_o second_o flanque_fw-fr as_o large_a as_o you_o can_v for_o that_o fort_n be_v far_o the_o strong_a which_o keep_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o maxim_n have_v also_o flanque_n in_o the_o courtine_n 8._o let_v the_o courtine_n be_v of_o a_o just_a length_n let_v it_o be_v more_o than_o the_o face_n and_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n join_v because_o it_o be_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o the_o fort._n fig._n 6_o 9_o let_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n n_o g_o c_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o canon_n and_o consequent_o not_o less_o
than_o 60_o degree_n for_o experience_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o such_o a_o one_o will_v suffice_v 10._o a_o right_a angle_n for_o the_o bulwark_n be_v the_o best_a but_o to_o gain_v it_o you_o must_v not_o omit_v or_o cut_v away_o too_o much_o of_o the_o second_o flanque_fw-fr 11._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n c_o a_o k_o fig._n 6_o must_v always_o be_v a_o right_a angle_n for_o so_o as_o well_o the_o courtine_n as_o the_o face_n will_v be_v more_o large_o flanque_v and_o defend_v and_o consequent_o more_o sure_a and_o commodious_a and_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o face_n and_o flanque_n will_v be_v big_a and_o therefore_o strong_a 12._o let_v the_o gorge_n or_o neck-line_n a_o c_o f_o h_n be_v large_a fig._n 6_o lest_o the_o bulwark_n be_v straighten_a 13._o let_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v such_o as_o may_v receive_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o arm_a man_n and_o yield_v room_n enough_o for_o the_o traverse_v gun_n and_o perform_v other_o military_a duty_n the_o bulwark_n be_v chief_o straighten_a for_o these_o reason_n if_o you_o lessen_v the_o face_n and_o keep_v the_o same_o angle_n for_o the_o bulwark_n and_o consequent_o increase_v the_o flanque_n or_o if_o you_o retain_v the_o same_o flanque_n and_o increase_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 14._o at_o length_n that_o i_o may_v contract_v the_o rule_n abovementioned_a and_o many_o other_o into_o one_o that_o form_n of_o a_o fortification_n will_v be_v the_o best_a that_o have_v the_o large_a flanque_n in_o the_o bulwark_n and_o courtine_n the_o gorge_n line_n very_o spacious_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n a_o right_a angle_n or_o near_o a_o right_a angle_n and_o the_o fichant_n line_n at_o most_o not_o to_o exceed_v a_o musquet-shot_a that_o this_o form_n may_v be_v have_v in_o regular_a figure_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o courtine_n face_n flanque_n and_o neck_n will_v be_v as_o follow_v 15._o let_v not_o the_o face_n be_v less_o than_o half_a the_o courtine_n nor_o big_a than_o the_o whole_a 16._o the_o flancque_n must_v not_o be_v less_o than_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o face_n nor_o big_a than_o half_a the_o face_n 17._o the_o gorge_n line_n must_v not_o be_v less_o than_o the_o flanque_n in_o these_o three_o dogen_n and_o goldman_n agree_v the_o reason_n of_o they_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n chap._n iu._n be_v a_o explanation_n of_o the_o forego_n maxim_n all_o the_o reason_n and_o proportion_n of_o our_o fortification_n will_v rely_v on_o the_o rule_n deliver_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v here_o necessary_a more_o full_o to_o declare_v they_o especial_o those_o which_o sometime_o all_o ingineer_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o want_v no_o exposition_n about_o the_o four_o and_o 5_o although_o now_o no_o body_n disagree_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o man_n do_v doubt_v they_o some_o military_a architect_n those_o chief_o that_o flourish_v in_o the_o former_a age_n do_v order_v such_o a_o distance_n for_o the_o bastion_n that_o the_o fichant_n line_n or_o the_o long_a line_n of_o defence_n shall_v not_o a_o little_a exceed_v a_o musket_n shoot_v the_o reason_n they_o bring_v be_v that_o the_o place_n may_v better_o be_v defend_v with_o great_a gun_n than_o with_o musket_n and_o therefore_o because_o great_a gun_n can_v be_v so_o well_o level_v against_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v near_a they_o require_v a_o great_a distance_n for_o their_o bulwork_n and_o so_o the_o charge_n will_v be_v the_o less_o the_o town_n be_v defend_v with_o few_o bulwork_n but_o this_o way_n by_o all_o modern_a ingineer_n be_v neglect_v who_o with_o one_o consent_n remove_v the_o bulwork_n to_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o the_o fichant_n line_n may_v be_v measure_v with_o a_o musquet-shot_a what_o reason_n our_o former_a architect_n bring_v for_o their_o opinion_n be_v plain_o none_o at_o all_o for_o both_o by_o reason_n and_o experience_n it_o be_v evident_a town_n may_v be_v better_o defend_v with_o musket_n than_o with_o cannon_n for_o the_o use_n of_o great_a gun_n be_v very_o costly_a slow_a difficult_a the_o execution_n they_o do_v very_o rare_a and_o uncertain_a so_o that_o it_o be_v become_v a_o proverb_n he_o be_v curse_v in_o his_o mother_n belly_n that_o be_v kill_v with_o a_o cannon_n bullet_n and_o if_o a_o great_a gun_n shall_v be_v make_v useless_a by_o be_v dismount_v or_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o gunner_n or_o some_o other_o mischance_n all_o the_o flanque_a defence_n be_v lose_v to_o the_o great_a encouragement_n of_o the_o besieger_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o use_n of_o musket_n be_v not_o costly_a but_o easy_a ready_a quick_a and_o sure_a for_o who_o will_v deny_v that_o a_o enemy_n may_v not_o better_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o a_o thousand_o small_a shot_n than_o one_o great_a gun_n a_o thing_n so_o clear_a need_v no_o more_o argument_n therefore_o let_v stand_v what_o we_o have_v appoint_v the_o fichant_n line_n to_o be_v measure_v by_o a_o musquet-shot_a nor_o do_v we_o exclude_v the_o use_n of_o great_a gun_n from_o our_o defence_n for_o in_o this_o modern_a way_n of_o fortification_n they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v admit_v useful_o we_o only_o persuade_v that_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o defence_n may_v rather_o be_v commit_v to_o musket_n than_o to_o cannon_n what_o we_o order_v in_o the_o 6_o and_o seven_o rule_n be_v the_o chief_a concern_v in_o the_o whole_a business_n of_o fortification_n the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwork_n because_o they_o lie_v far_o out_o than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o part_n be_v the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o fortification_n the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n be_v the_o strong_a for_o they_o lie_v far_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v near_o to_o one_o another_o stout_o defend_v themselves_o since_o then_o the_o face_n be_v a_o place_n weak_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o which_o the_o enemy_n most_o usual_o attaque_n we_o ought_v with_o our_o chief_a care_n to_o help_v it_o fig._n 7_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o bulwork_n in_o the_o first_o the_o face_n g_o v_o c_o produce_v fall_v upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o courtine_n f_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o face_n g_o c_o can_v only_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n fig._n 5_o in_o the_o second_o form_n of_o bulwark_n the_o face_n g_o f_o produce_v do_v not_o fall_v upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o courtine_n but_o in_o another_o point_n of_o it_o x_o so_o that_o it_o leave_v out_o a_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n x_o b_o which_o be_v call_v the_o flanque_n of_o the_o courtine_n from_o which_o the_o face_n may_v be_v as_o well_o defend_v and_o scour_v as_o from_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n b_o c._n the_o first_o they_o follow_v that_o will_v have_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n a_o right_a angle_n in_o all_o figure_n above_o a_o pentagon_n the_o latter_a the_o dutch_a first_o receive_v and_o make_v use_v of_o who_o judge_v it_o best_o for_o their_o advantage_n to_o add_v to_o their_o defence_n second_o flanque_n in_o the_o courtine_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o right_a angle_n even_o in_o a_o duodekagon_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o doubt_n but_o this_o method_n be_v far_o better_a than_o the_o former_a since_o it_o do_v not_o only_o sufficient_o provide_v for_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n which_o it_o never_o make_v less_o than_o 60_o degree_n but_o also_o increase_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o face_n often_o to_o twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o 8_o rule_n which_o bid_v the_o courtine_n be_v of_o a_o just_a length_n be_v that_o among_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n the_o courtine_n be_v the_o strong_a for_o it_o lie_v distant_a from_o the_o enemy_n far_o than_o any_o other_o of_o the_o part_n and_o place_v betwixt_o two_o bulwork_n be_v very_o strong_o defend_v now_o it_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o the_o strong_a part_n of_o the_o fortification_n shall_v be_v long_o than_o the_o weak_a yet_o do_v not_o extend_v the_o courtine_n so_o far_o as_o to_o make_v the_o fichant_n line_n above_o musquet-shot_a for_o that_o be_v against_o the_o 5_o rule_n the_o fit_a proportion_n will_v be_v if_o with_o dogen_n or_o fritach_n you_o give_v it_o 432_o foot_n or_o with_o goldman_n 480_o foot_n the_o 9th_o and_o 10_o cannon_n treat_v of_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n where_o a_o right_a angle_n be_v prefer_v before_o any_o other_o provide_v it_o do_v not_o too_o much_o obstruct_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o rule_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o rule_n you_o must_v note_v that_o right_a and_o obtuse_a angle_n do_v resist_v the_o
its_o delineation_n since_o it_o be_v most_o a_o end_v the_o part_n of_o some_o regular_a fortification_n let_v the_o engineer_n look_v what_o fortification_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o polygon_n that_o be_v to_o be_v encompass_v which_o when_o he_o have_v find_v let_v he_o delineate_v so_o many_o bulwork_n of_o that_o fortification_n which_o be_v build_v on_o the_o observe_v polygon_n as_o the_o place_n require_v only_o this_o let_v he_o observe_v that_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o half_a bulwark_n be_v not_o less_o than_o sixty_o nor_o more_o than_o ninety_o degree_n its_o bulwork_n be_v wont_v sometime_o to_o be_v less_o than_o those_o of_o the_o main_a work_n but_o let_v we_o expound_v more_o especial_o the_o construction_n of_o a_o crownwork_n have_v one_o whole_a bulwark_n the_o whole_a description_n be_v make_v after_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o capital_a of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v produce_v infinite_o or_o if_o the_o crown_n be_v to_o be_v set_v before_o the_o courtine_n from_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o courtine_n raise_v a_o infinite_a perpendicular_a on_o the_o capital_a produce_v set_v off_o from_o b_o to_z d_o forty_o rhynland_a perch_n on_o the_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o courtine_n you_o may_v reckon_v sixty_o or_o seventy_o for_o so_o the_o side_n of_o the_o crownwork_n will_v be_v yet_o within_o the_o shot_n of_o a_o musket_n come_v from_o the_o bulwork_n of_o the_o main_a fort._n then_o at_o the_o point_n of_o d_o of_o the_o right_a line_n b_o d_o make_v the_o angle_n b_o d_o ay_o half_a of_o some_o multangle_n or_o polygon_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o angle_n b_o d_o k_o then_o in_o the_o side_n of_o these_o angle_n from_o d_o to_o i_o and_o k_o reckon_v 40_o or_o 50_o perch_n at_o most_o 60_o and_o lay_v a_o ruler_n by_o the_o point_n i_o to_o the_o flanque_fw-la of_o the_o bulwark_n f_o as_o also_o from_o the_o point_n k_o to_o the_o other_o flanque_fw-fr e_o draw_v strait_a line_n till_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o out-brestwork_a in_o m_n and_o l_o so_fw-mi will_v the_o side_n of_o the_o crownwork_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o out-brestwork_a but_o if_o the_o side_n m_o i_o l_o k_o exceed_v 60_o perch_n that_o be_v a_o musquet-shot_a the_o angle_n b_o d_o ay_o b_o d_o k_o must_v be_v make_v less_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o whole_a ay_o d_o k_n may_v remain_v big_a than_o a_o right_a angle_n or_o certain_o which_o be_v think_v best_o the_o line_n b_o d_o must_v be_v shorten_v then_o see_v what_o regular_a figure_n be_v angle_n be_v equal_a or_o come_v near_o to_o the_o angle_n k_o d_o i_o say_v for_o example_n a_o heptagon_n or_o seven-angled_n figure_n therefore_o make_v within_o k_o d_o i_o one_o whole_a bulwark_n and_o two_o half_a bulwork_n of_o a_o heptagon_n by_o the_o help_n of_o your_o table_n if_o you_o will_v place_v more_o whole_a bulwork_n in_o the_o middle_n let_v the_o side_n of_o the_o horn-work_n be_v draw_v forth_o so_o that_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v musquet-shot_a and_o within_o these_o build_v part_n of_o a_o regular_a fortification_n as_o have_v be_v say_v above_o general_n rule_v concern_v outwork_n 1._o let_v they_o be_v within_o musquet-shot_a of_o the_o main_a work_n 2._o let_v not_o their_o height_n be_v more_o than_o what_o may_v convenient_o serve_v to_o scour_v the_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o enemy_n 3._o let_v the_o remote_a be_v low_o than_o the_o near_a 4._o let_v a_o dry_a graft_n have_v no_o outwork_n unless_o horn-work_n if_o you_o see_v occasion_n let_v the_o wet_a one_o have_v ravelin_n and_o horn-work_n but_o it_o will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o halfmoon_n without_o damage_n the_o second_o part_n of_o irregular_a fortification_n since_o most_o city_n be_v of_o a_o irregular_a figure_n it_o be_v evident_a what_o great_a use_n or_o rather_o necessity_n there_o be_v like_a to_o be_v of_o this_o part_n i_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o the_o matter_n brief_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n fourteen_o the_o part_n of_o irregular_a fortification_n these_o work_n follow_v serve_v for_o the_o fortify_v irregular_a place_n ordinary_a bulwork_n double_a and_o triple_a bulwork_n fork_a bulwork_n plain_a bulwork_n half_a bulwork_n ravelin_n half_a moon_n horn-work_n crown-work_n have_v external_n angle_n angular_a have_v plain_a mole_n half_a plain_a mole_n the_o middle_a defence_n or_o tooth_v retrenchment_n some_o of_o these_o viz._n those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v use_v in_o strengthen_v regular_a fortification_n we_o have_v already_o expound_v and_o although_o their_o manner_n of_o build_v there_o deliver_v be_v proper_a to_o regular_a fortification_n yet_o out_o of_o this_o it_o be_v easy_o understand_v how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v fit_v to_o a_o irregular_a place_n now_o these_o that_o be_v over_o and_o above_o be_v to_o be_v explain_v in_o this_o chapter_n 1._o the_o double_a or_o triple_a bulwark_n be_v a_o moat_n or_o bulk_n of_o earth_n compose_v of_o several_a bulwork_n place_v one_o above_o another_o it_o be_v show_v in_o the_o 15_o figure_n and_o be_v build_v common_o in_o steep_a place_n such_o as_o the_o side_n of_o hill_n that_o when_o the_o enemy_n come_v up_o can_v be_v no_o long_o touch_v from_o the_o low_a he_o may_v be_v hot_a from_o the_o second_o and_o last_o from_o the_o three_o these_o be_v seldom_o use_v 2._o fork_v or_o cut_v bulwork_n i_o call_v those_o who_o angle_n e_z be_v cut_v off_o and_o change_v into_o a_o external_a angle_n f_o k_n g_o after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o 16_o figure_n be_v the_o mole_n or_o bulk_n a_o c_o fk_n g_o d_o b_o they_o be_v of_o use_n when_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v too_o acute_a 3._o half-bulworks_a you_o have_v in_o the_o horn-work_n fig._n 10._o and_o in_o the_o crownwork_n fig._n 14._o they_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v use_v in_o horn-work_n and_o crown-work_n but_o also_o in_o many_o other_o place_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v afterward_o observe_v that_o the_o angle_n of_o these_o be_v not_o too_o acute_a and_o take_v care_n that_o their_o plain_a side_n be_v not_o destitute_a of_o defence_n 4._o the_o external_a angle_n 17._o fig._n 17._o be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o two_o line_n run_v inward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o place_n call_v in_o french_a angle_n retire_v on_o the_o contrary_a the_o inward_a angle_n be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o side_n run_v forth_o towards_o the_o field_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o place_n call_v in_o french_a angle_n avance_fw-fr in_o the_o 17_o figure_n the_o outward_a angle_n be_v a_o l_o c_o e_o g_o etc._n etc._n the_o inward_a b_o d_o f_o etc._n etc._n the_o outward_a angle_n if_o it_o be_v not_o too_o obtuse_a seem_v strong_a enough_o since_o its_o side_n do_v mutual_o scour_v one_o another_o and_o from_o this_o be_v have_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o have_v and_o fork_v bulwork_n we_o have_v above_o show_v its_o defect_n some_o people_n extol_v this_o so_o as_o to_o think_v a_o place_n surround_v with_o outward_a and_o inward_a angle_n to_o be_v equal_a in_o strength_n to_o one_o that_o be_v fortify_v with_o bulwork_n but_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v hear_v 1._o for_o first_o it_o always_o happen_v that_o when_o a_o place_n be_v enclose_v with_o external_n and_o internal_a angle_n set_v alternate_o some_o of_o the_o outward_a will_v be_v too_o blunt_a or_o obtuse_a as_o a_o l_o and_o some_o of_o the_o inward_a too_o acute_a either_o of_o which_o be_v very_o hurtful_a the_o last_o in_o this_o that_o its_o angle_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n canon_n the_o other_o in_o that_o it_o lose_v so_o much_o the_o more_o of_o its_o scour_a defence_n the_o near_a it_o come_v to_o a_o strait_a line_n 2._o the_o outward_a angle_n likewise_o have_v this_o essential_a inconvenience_n that_o the_o enemy_n draw_v near_o the_o angle_n itself_o can_v be_v hot_a within_o a_o notable_a space_n as_o we_o have_v show_v above_o which_o fault_n the_o bulwork_n be_v without_o 3._o these_o external_n angle_n do_v lessen_v the_o area_n of_o the_o place_n and_o increase_v the_o circumference_n both_o which_o be_v faulty_a 5._o angular_a have_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v use_v in_o fortify_v a_o acute_a external_a angle_n 19_o fig._n 18_o 19_o or_o a_o right_a one_o but_o not_o so_o convenient_o a_o obtuse_a one_o with_o help_n of_o these_o you_o may_v mend_v the_o second_o fault_n speak_v of_o above_o you_o must_v build_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n produce_v a_o b_o e_o b_o the_o side_n of_o the_o angle_n 8_o or_o 10_o pace_n to_o k_o and_o n_n and_o join_v k_o n_n then_o draw_v k_o e_o n_o g_o parallel_n to_o b_o a_o b_o e_o likewise_z c_z e_z d_o g_o parallel_n to_o b_o e_z and_z b_o a_o which_o
the_o siege_n who_o part_n i_o shall_v brief_o expound_v and_o every_o one_o distinct_o by_o itself_o chap._n xix_o of_o circumvallation_n circumvallation_n consist_v in_o camp_n trench_n and_o work_n of_o all_o sort_n the_o very_a camp_n also_o be_v a_o lesser_a kind_n of_o circumvallaiion_n do_v comprehend_v the_o two_o last_o to_o wit_n trench_n and_o variety_n of_o work_n prop._n i._n the_o dispose_n of_o the_o camp_n or_o quarter_n 1._o the_o camp_n be_v to_o be_v form_v in_o those_o place_n that_o seem_v most_o convenient_a to_o let_v in_o a_o external_n enemy_n 2._o it_o must_v not_o be_v make_v in_o a_o place_n that_o may_v be_v drown_v 3._o let_v there_o be_v so_o many_o that_o relief_n may_v be_v ready_o send_v from_o they_o to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o circumvallation_n 4._o let_v they_o be_v above_o cannon_n shoot_v from_o the_o town_n or_o at_o least_o so_o far_o off_o as_o that_o they_o may_v fear_v little_a damage_n from_o their_o gun_n 5._o let_v they_o be_v place_v if_o you_o can_v by_o a_o river_n side_n 6._o the_o camp_n as_o likewise_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o circumvallation_n must_v be_v fortify_v with_o trench_n that_o be_v with_o a_o rampar_n round_o about_o it_o and_o several_a other_o work_n prop._n ii_o of_o the_o line_n common_o call_v trench_n these_o line_n of_o the_o siege_n be_v a_o continual_a kind_n of_o rampar_n which_o surround_v as_o well_o the_o camp_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o place_n about_o the_o town_n besiege_v concern_v these_o observe_v this_o 1._o let_v they_o be_v twofold_a one_o inward_a build_v against_o the_o besiege_a to_o keep_v they_o in_o least_o with_o their_o sally_n they_o hurt_v the_o besieger_n the_o other_o outward_a to_o keep_v off_o any_o enemy_n that_o shall_v attack_v the_o camp_n from_o without_o let_v the_o outward_a be_v strong_a than_o the_o inward_a nay_o when_o there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a garrison_n in_o the_o town_n these_o inward_a one_o may_v be_v spare_v or_o at_o least_o very_o slight_o build_v 2._o these_o trench_n especial_o the_o outward_a one_o must_v not_o be_v extend_v above_o 750_o foot_n upon_o a_o right_a line_n after_o every_o 750_o foot_n they_o must_v be_v fortify_v with_o several_a work_n cast_v before_o and_o betwixt_o they_o these_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v use_v redoubt_n or_o little_a turret_n middle_a or_o tooth_a defence_n outward_a and_o inward_a angle_n little_a have_v star_n square_a fort_n with_o whole_a bulwork_n various_a fort_n with_o half_a bulwork_n whole_a plain_a bulwork_n and_o half_a one_o ravelin_n half_a moon_n hornwork_n crownwork_n all_o this_o trade_n of_o work_n so_o various_a and_o so_o manifold_a be_v use_v in_o no_o time_n more_o than_o in_o our_o age_n nor_o in_o no_o place_n often_o than_o in_o holland_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o hartogen_n bosch_n at_o both_o the_o sieges_n of_o breda_n mastricht_n and_o many_o other_o most_o of_o those_o be_v already_o deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o will_v expound_v those_o that_o remain_v in_o the_o follow_v 3._o the_o profile_v and_o ichnography_n of_o these_o trench_n be_v various_a in_o respect_n of_o their_o place_n and_o danger_n i_o will_v give_v you_o three_o sort_n of_o they_o use_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o hartogen_n bosch_n the_o base_a of_o the_o brestwork_n 7½_n 7._o the_o outward_a sloap_n or_o talu_n 2½_n 3._o the_o inward_a sloap_n 1._o 1._o the_o inward_a height_n 6._o 6._o the_o outward_a height_n 5._o 5._o the_o upper_a part_n 4._o 3._o the_o width_n of_o the_o step._n 3._o 3._o the_o height_n of_o the_o step._n ½_n ½_n the_o border_n or_o foot_n on_o the_o outside_n 3._o 3._o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n 12._o 8._o the_o outward_a talu_n or_o sloap_n of_o the_o ditch_n 4._o 2._o the_o inward_a sloap_n of_o the_o ditch_n 4._o 2._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n 5._o 2._o the_o width_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ditch_n 4._o 4._o at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o royal_a army_n the_o dutch_a make_v their_o circumvallation_n strong_a they_o increase_v the_o base_a of_o their_o brestwork_n to_o 9_o foot_n make_v three_o step_n who_o width_n add_v together_o make_v 9_o foot_n the_o height_n of_o the_o brestwork_n be_v likewise_o 9_o foot_n the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n be_v 15_o foot_n prop._n iii_o to_o build_v a_o redoubt_n or_o turret_n it_o be_v a_o most_o easy_a thing_n since_o their_o form_n be_v simple_o square_a therefore_o describe_v on_o the_o earth_n a_o line_n of_o 48_o foot_n and_o on_o it_o delineate_v a_o square_a and_o what_o you_o require_v be_v do_v the_o ichnographie_n and_o profile_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v base_a 14._o or_o 20._o it_o be_v width_n a_o top_n 4._o or_o 6._o it_o be_v height_n 8._o or_o 10._o it_o be_v border_n or_o foot_n 2._o or_o 3._o the_o width_n of_o its_o ditch_n 15._o or_o 24._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n 5._o or_o 6._o there_o be_v usual_o add_v to_o the_o brestwork_n two_o or_o three_o step_n gradual_o place_v over_o one_o another_o prop._n iv_o to_o delineate_v a_o star_n 35._o fig._n 35._o to_o delineate_v a_o quadrangular_a one_o work_n after_o this_o manner_n 1._o describe_v on_o the_o field_n a_o line_n of_o 48_o or_o 50_o foot_n and_o on_o it_o describe_v a_o square_n 2._o bisect_v the_o side_n a_o b_o in_o c_o and_o from_o c_o raise_v the_o perpendicular_a c_o d_o equal_a to_o ¼_n of_o a_o c_o or_o 1_o â—_o of_o the_o whole_a a_o b._n 3._o join_v a_o d_o d_o b_o if_o this_o construction_n be_v make_v round_o all_o the_o side_n you_o will_v have_v a_o quadrangular_a star_n 36._o fig._n 36._o to_o have_v a_o pentagonal_a star_n work_v after_o this_o manner_n describe_v a_o regular_a pentagon_n and_o from_o the_o side_n a_o b_o bisect_v in_o c_o raise_v the_o perpendicle_n c_o d_o equal_a to_o â…“_n of_o a_o c_o or_o â…™_n of_o a_o b._n join_v a_o d_o d_o b_o and_o if_o you_o do_v the_o same_o round_a the_o figure_n you_o will_v have_v a_o pentagonal_a star_n for_o a_o sexangular_a one_o describe_v a_o c_o e_o etc._n etc._n a_o regular_a hexagon_n x._o fig._n x._o let_v each_o of_o its_o side_n a_o c_o etc._n etc._n be_v equal_a to_o about_o 104_o pace_n at_o the_o end_n of_o c_o h_o etc._n etc._n make_v the_o angle_n d_o at_fw-fr c_o d_o c_o a_o etc._n etc._n 30_o degree_n each_o and_o d_o a_o d_o c_o will_n be_v each_o about_o 60_o pace_n their_o ichnographie_n and_o profile_v be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o redoubt_n your_o large_a star_n be_v not_o in_o use_n prop._n v._o to_o delineate_v a_o square_a fort_n with_o half-bulworks_a 1._o describe_v the_o square_a a_o b_o c_o d_o who_o side_n must_v not_o be_v less_o than_o 120_o foot_n 37._o fig._n 37._o nor_o more_o than_o 180._o 2._o trisect_v the_o side_n in_o e_o f_o l_o m_o q_o s_o t_o v._n 3._o to_o each_o of_o the_o side_n add_v â…“_n b_o i_o dn_n c_o o_o a_o h_o but_o for_o the_o neckline_n take_v â…“_n in_o the_o side_n themselves_o to_o wit_n bl_n d_o q_o c_o t_o a_o e._n 4._o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neckline_n raise_v the_o perpendicular_a lk_n qr_n tx_n eglantine_n each_o of_o which_o must_v be_v â…™_n of_o the_o side_n 5._o draw_v the_o right_a line_n i_o k_o n_n r_n o_o x_o h_n g._n so_o have_v you_o a_o fort_n with_o four_o half-bulworks_a prop._n vi_o to_o delineate_v a_o fort_n on_o a_o rectangular_a paralellogram_n with_o half-bulworks_a 1._o trisect_v one_o of_o the_o lesser_a side_n a_o b_o 38._o fig._n 38._o and_o cut_v off_o 1_o â—_o of_o it_o from_o all_o the_o side_n for_o the_o neckline_n a_o f_o bg_n c_o o_o d_o q._n 2._o add_v also_o to_o each_o of_o the_o side_n a_o k_o b_o l_o cp_n d_n equal_a to_o 1_o â—_o of_o a_o b._n 3._o on_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neckline_n raise_v the_o perpendicles_a f_o i_o g_o m_o o_o n_n q_o r_o equal_a to_o â…™_n of_o the_o same_o a_o b._n 4._o join_v k_o i_o lm_o pn_n sir_n i_o say_v it_o be_v do_v prop._n vii_o to_o delineate_v another_o sort_n of_o quadrilateral_a fort_n with_o half_a bulwork_n and_o double_a have_v 1._o take_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o square_a a_o b_o c_o d_o 39_o fig._n 39_o for_o the_o neckline_n cp_n a_o m_n bn_n rd_o 2._o add_v to_o the_o side_n c_o d_o on_o both_o side_n â…“_n c_o i_o d_o k_o but_o to_o the_o side_n c_o a_n d_o b_o likewise_o add_v â…“_n a_o s_n b_o t._n 3._o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neckline_n raise_v perpendicles_a equal_a to_o â…™_n p_o x_o m_o l_o n_o v_o r_o z_o and_o join_v i_o x_o s_n l._n t_o v_n k_o z._n 4._o bisect_v the_o side_n c_o d_o in_o e_z and_o
thence_o cut_v off_o e_z g_z e_o h_o equal_a to_o â…“_n of_o the_o side_n and_o thence_o again_o raise_v the_o perpendicle_n e_o f_o equal_a also_o to_o 1_o â—_o 5._o join_v g_o f_o h_o f_o you_o have_v your_o purpose_n 40._o fig._n 40._o there_o be_v build_v also_o square_a fort_n with_o two_o whole_a bulwork_n and_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o double_a have_v see_v fig._n 40._o prop._n viii_o to_o delineate_v a_o threesided_n fort_n with_o half_a bulwork_n 41._o fig._n 41._o 1._o describe_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n a_o b_o c_o who_o side_n must_v be_v less_o than_o those_o of_o a_o square_n 2._o cut_a off_o from_o the_o side_n the_o three_o part_n a_o i_o b_o l_o c_o k_o for_o the_o neckline_n 3._o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neckline_n raise_v perpendicular_o the_o six_o part_n of_o the_o side_n i_o h_n l_o m_o k_o g._n 4._o add_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o three_o part_n b_o d_o c_o e_o a_o f_o and_o join_v f_o h_n d_o m_o e_o g._n you_o have_v your_o purpose_n the_o four_o fort_n describe_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v build_v promiscuous_o and_o for_o variety_n sake_n but_o with_o choice_n and_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o place_n and_o although_o they_o be_v much_o weak_a than_o fort_n with_o whole_a bulwork_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v convenient_o make_v use_n of_o as_o to_o their_o profile_n and_o ichnography_n you_o may_v give_v they_o the_o same_o as_o to_o redoubt_n and_o star_n or_o if_o they_o require_v a_o great_a you_o may_v give_v they_o that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o siege_n of_o hartogen_n bosch_n in_o which_o the_o base_a of_o the_o rampar_n be_v 27_o foot_n the_o height_n 6_o the_o upper_a breadth_n of_o the_o rampar_n 18_o the_o base_a of_o the_o brestwork_n 8_o the_o upper_a breadth_n of_o the_o brest-work_n 4_o the_o height_n of_o the_o brest-work_n 6_o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n 30_o foot_n chap._n xx._n of_o battery_n for_o great_a gun_n and_o of_o the_o approach_n the_o circumvallation_n be_v finish_v which_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o siege_n deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n you_o raise_v battery_n for_o great_a gun_n in_o certain_a place_n and_o go_v towards_o the_o out-brestwork_a cover_v in_o oblique_a trench_n of_o these_o therefore_o in_o this_o present_a chapter_n prop._n i._o to_o build_v a_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a battery_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a battery_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a 42._o fig._n 42._o the_o last_o be_v direct_v towards_o the_o enemy_n without_o the_o first_o towards_o the_o besiege_a you_o shall_v build_v a_o offensive_a one_o after_o this_o manner_n 1._o multiply_v the_o number_n of_o gun_n that_o be_v to_o be_v mount_v by_o 12_o the_o product_n shall_v give_v in_o foot_n the_o length_n of_o the_o battery_n for_o each_o gun_n be_v distant_a from_o another_o 12._o foot_n and_o the_o two_o at_o the_o end_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o brestwork_n 6_o foot_n each_o 2._o you_o will_v have_v the_o breadth_n a_o d_o if_z to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o gun_n mount_v in_o his_o carriage_n you_o add_v the_o space_n a_o f_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n for_o the_o recoil_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o the_o space_n f_o d_o for_o traverse_v and_o passage_n 3._o let_v the_o platform_n of_o the_o battery_n be_v make_v slope_v downward_o towards_o the_o enemy_n that_o when_o the_o gun_n be_v recoil_v they_o may_v with_o more_o ease_n be_v bring_v back_o to_o their_o place_n let_v its_o entry_n behind_o be_v i_o k_o the_o way_n lead_v to_o it_o must_v not_o be_v very_o steep_a but_o gentle_o rise_v that_o the_o gun_n may_v with_o more_o ease_n be_v get_v in_o 4._o that_o part_n of_o the_o battery_n that_o face_n the_o enemy_n must_v be_v fortify_v with_o a_o brest-work_n who_o base_a you_o may_v make_v 12_o 15_o or_o 18_o foot_n its_o height_n 6_o for_o the_o side_n a_o d_o b_o e_o a_o less_o width_n will_v suffice_v 5._o let_v there_o be_v so_o many_o port_n in_o the_o brestwork_n as_o there_o be_v gun_n let_v their_o height_n be_v three_o foot_n their_o outward_a width_n four_o their_o inward_a two_o the_o outward_a width_n be_v more_o than_o the_o inward_a that_o the_o gun_n may_v scour_v more_o of_o the_o field_n 6._o behind_o the_o battery_n you_o must_v describe_v a_o space_n d_o s_o n_o e_o equal_a and_o like_v the_o battery_n in_o it_o make_v a_o square_a hole_n as_o m_n who_o side_n must_v be_v ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n in_o which_o the_o powder_n must_v be_v keep_v and_o you_o must_v cover_v the_o mouth_n with_o leather_n lest_o any_o spark_n shall_v fall_v in_o to_o conclude_v as_o well_o about_o the_o battery_n itself_o a_o e_z as_o the_o space_n d_o n_n you_o must_v make_v a_o ditch_n eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n wide_a six_o foot_n deep_a 7._o the_o first_o battery_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v raise_v at_o a_o musquet-shot_a from_o the_o town_n afterwad_v near_o the_o very_a ditch_n the_o general_a rule_n may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o near_o they_o be_v the_o place_n they_o do_v the_o great_a execution_n 8._o the_o defensive_a battery_n be_v not_o so_o full_a of_o work_n their_o brestwork_n if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o earth_n may_v be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n thick_a the_o height_n be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o cover_v a_o gun_n in_o its_o carriage_n instead_o of_o a_o earthen_a brestwork_n they_o use_v common_o great_a wicker_n basket_n fill_v with_o earth_n prop._n ii_o to_o direct_v the_o line_n of_o approach_n to_o a_o place_n besiege_a 1._o about_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o thousand_o foot_n from_o the_o town_n open_v the_o trench_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 43._o fig._n 43._o which_o you_o must_v carry_v on_o oblique_o towards_o the_o place_n besiege_v so_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v scour_v from_o any_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v continue_v some_o space_n you_o must_v dig_v a_o new_a one_o the_o other_o way_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o same_o obliqueness_n and_o so_o by_o several_a turn_n you_o proceed_v to_o the_o out-brestwork_a itself_o where_o at_o length_n the_o approach_n be_v finish_v draw_v two_o trench_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d long_o than_o ordinary_a and_o parallel_v to_o the_o place_n besiege_v these_o two_o last_o line_n cover_v the_o besieger_n like_o a_o brest-work_n so_o that_o be_v so_o near_o at_o hand_n they_o frighten_v away_o the_o defendant_n from_o guard_v their_o graft_n and_o rampar_n 2._o although_o the_o approach_n ought_v so_o to_o be_v carry_v on_o that_o they_o may_v never_o be_v scour_v from_o the_o enemy_n rampar_n yet_o the_o engineer_n shall_v take_v good_a heed_n he_o make_v they_o no_o more_o obliquer_fw-fr than_o need_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n and_o expense_n i_o think_v with_o two_o turn_n you_o may_v always_o come_v to_o the_o out-brestwork_a a_o far_o short_a way_n than_o if_o more_o oblique_a line_n have_v be_v make_v for_o let_v there_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o point_n where_o you_o begin_v your_o approach_n the_o right_a line_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o continue_v may_v fall_v a_o little_a without_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o brestwork_n and_o if_o another_o line_n be_v produce_v from_o β_n which_o go_v without_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o out-brestwork_a you_o will_v arrive_v at_o the_o out-brestwork_a in_o two_o turn_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o why_o this_o way_n of_o approach_n be_v less_o use_v i_o think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o your_o long_a line_n of_o approach_n if_o attempt_v may_v be_v soon_o carry_v and_o demolish_v by_o the_o enemy_n than_o those_o that_o be_v cut_v in_o and_o out_o with_o several_a wind_n 3._o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o line_n you_o must_v build_v redoubt_n after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o two_o may_v be_v flanque_v by_o one_o for_o this_o be_v the_o best_a situation_n of_o redoubt_n if_o one_o of_o the_o line_n be_v draw_v long_o than_o ordinary_a you_o may_v also_o build_v redoubt_n in_o the_o middle_n for_o its_o defence_n all_o which_o the_o 43_o figure_n sufficient_o express_v 4._o the_o earth_n which_o be_v cast_v out_o be_v throw_v towards_o the_o enemy_n that_o it_o may_v be_v instead_o of_o a_o brestwork_n to_o the_o pioner_n let_v its_o tower_n width_n be_v six_o foot_n its_o upper_a twelve_o or_o fifteen_o it_o be_v least_o depth_n must_v be_v such_o that_o may_v cover_v a_o stand_a man_n with_o the_o height_n of_o its_o brestwork_n join_v to_o it_o the_o near_a they_o advance_v to_o the_o town_n that_o deep_a they_o must_v be_v the_o width_n also_o must_v be_v increase_v if_o there_o be_v occasion_n to_o bring_v stuff_n for_o the_o gallery_n through_o the_o trench_n they_o use_v frequent_o to_o
make_v three_o step_n to_o the_o brestwork_n 6._o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o approach_n battery_n be_v to_o be_v build_v in_o convenient_a place_n chap._n xxi_o the_o sapp_n or_o the_o cut_n through_o the_o out-brestwork_a 43._o fig._n 43._o 1._o the_o approach_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o out-brestwork_a two_o long_a trench_n as_o i_o say_v before_o aught_o to_o be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o the_o place_n that_o be_v besiege_v the_o brestwork_n be_v build_v towards_o the_o enemy_n in_o these_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o be_v place_v that_o they_o may_v hinder_v the_o enemy_n from_o show_v his_o head_n above_o the_o rampar_n 2._o these_o thing_n be_v do_v when_o you_o can_v no_o long_o draw_v your_o line_n oblique_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o from_o that_o long_a trench_n which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o place_n you_o intend_v to_o attaque_fw-la you_o cut_v a_o strait_a channel_n l_o h_n common_o call_v a_o sappe_n through_o the_o out-brestwork_a to_o the_o very_a ditch_n of_o the_o fortification_n without_o doubt_v this_o work_n be_v full_a of_o dangerous_a chance_n but_o the_o danger_n seem_v to_o be_v lessen_v by_o these_o mean_n 1._o the_o soldier_n be_v place_v in_o the_o trench_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o their_o continual_a fire_v hinder_v the_o defendant_n 2._o the_o brestwork_n and_o flanque_n of_o the_o rampar_n be_v now_o so_o batter_v by_o the_o cannon_n that_o the_o defendant_n can_v scarce_o stand_v upon_o their_o rampar_n 3._o this_o channel_n be_v make_v deep_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o approach_n and_o be_v cover_v above_o with_o bough_n straw_n hide_v and_o other_o thing_n necessary_a that_o if_o a_o man_n can_v be_v protect_v by_o it_o from_o the_o shot_n yet_o at_o least_o the_o pioner_n may_v be_v by_o this_o mean_v withdraw_v from_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o besiege_a 4._o this_o channel_n be_v to_o be_v direct_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n which_o be_v design_v for_o the_o mine_n wherefore_o if_o you_o besiege_v a_o regular_a fortification_n you_o must_v not_o direct_v it_o towards_o the_o courtine_n or_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n but_o to_o either_o of_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n for_o whosoever_o attaque_v the_o courtine_n be_v liable_a to_o shot_n from_o both_o the_o bulwork_n and_o they_o very_o near_o and_o whosoever_o attempt_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v also_o liable_a to_o the_o shot_n of_o two_o bulwork_n though_o they_o lie_v far_o off_o while_o he_o that_o attaque_v the_o face_n can_v be_v hurt_v but_o from_o one_o only_a but_o if_o the_o courtine_n have_v not_o on_o both_o side_n its_o full_a defence_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o irregular_a place_n not_o perfect_o fortify_v the_o sappe_n and_o the_o attaque_fw-la may_v be_v carry_v on_o to_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o courtine_n chap._n xxii_o concern_v fill_v the_o ditch_n and_o carry_v over_o the_o gallery_n advance_v the_o sappe_n l_o h_n be_v advance_v through_o the_o out-brestwork_a and_o covert_a way_n unto_o the_o ditch_n 43._o fig._n 43._o all_o that_o remain_v be_v that_o you_o fill_v the_o ditch_n with_o a_o solid_a bank_n of_o earth_n carry_v on_o quite_o over_o it_o and_o that_o the_o gallery_n be_v build_v upon_o this_o bank_n 1._o the_o ditch_n whether_o it_o be_v wet_a or_o dry_a be_v fill_v with_o stone_n bough_n faggot_n log_n and_o with_o sack_n full_a of_o earth_n but_o this_o rubbish_n that_o be_v cast_v in_o must_v be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o bank_n may_v rise_v quite_o over_o the_o ditch_n as_o high_a as_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o rampar_n and_o have_v such_o a_o breadth_n that_o the_o gallery_n may_v convenient_o be_v set_v upon_o it_o 2._o the_o bank_n be_v now_o finish_v there_o be_v common_o so_o much_o earth_n bring_v through_o the_o sappe_n and_o cast_v down_o on_o the_o bank_n as_o may_v serve_v to_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o little_a hill_n betwixt_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o the_o besieger_n then_o cast_v with_o shovel_n long_o than_o ordinary_a the_o low_a part_n of_o this_o heap_n of_o earth_n over_o the_o upper_a this_o hill_n be_v turn_v over_o and_o over_o and_o be_v roll_v on_o by_o degree_n to_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 3._o this_o hill_n be_v roll_v on_o some_o space_n there_o be_v two_o gate_n erect_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o one_o another_o which_o be_v so_o join_v together_o with_o plank_n as_o well_o on_o each_o side_n as_o at_o top_n that_o no_o part_n of_o they_o lie_v open_a on_o that_o side_n which_o regard_v the_o enemy_n bulwark_n so_o much_o earth_n be_v cast_v up_o as_o may_v make_v it_o cannon-proof_n the_o other_o side_n do_v not_o need_v so_o much_o cover_v also_o the_o upper_a part_n will_v be_v sufficient_o fortify_v against_o fire_n if_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a of_o earth_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o this_o gallery_n shall_v be_v continue_v till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o rampar_n the_o width_n of_o these_o gate_n be_v either_o 9_o or_o 10_o foot_n the_o height_n 10_o foot_n the_o thickness_n of_o its_o beam_n or_o timber_n 6_o or_o 7_o inch_n half_o a_o foot_n 4._o this_o be_v the_o theory_n of_o gallery_n which_o you_o will_v hardly_o describe_v easy_a than_o build_v in_o the_o universal_a affair_n of_o the_o siege_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o dangerous_a than_o this_o enterprise_n nevertheless_o the_o danger_n seem_v to_o be_v lessen_v by_o these_o mean_n 1._o that_o roll_a hill_n of_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o the_o workman_n keep_v their_o front_n safe_a 2._o the_o opposite_a flanque_fw-fr as_o well_o that_o of_o the_o bulwark_n as_o that_o of_o the_o courtine_n be_v so_o batter_a with_o cannon_n that_o the_o side_n of_o the_o gallery_n can_v be_v break_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o gun_n of_o the_o besiege_a also_o from_o the_o trench_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o musqueteer_n that_o guard_v the_o bvilder_n of_o the_o gallery_n be_v continual_o fire_v on_o every_o part_n of_o the_o rampar_n 3._o they_o work_v most_o common_o in_o the_o night_n 4._o they_o secure_v their_o side_n with_o faggot_n which_o they_o set_v upon_o cleftwood_n common_o call_v candlestick_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o escape_v many_o shot_n and_o hide_v themselves_o from_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o enemy_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o mine_n 43._o fig._n 43._o the_o ancient_n also_o use_v mine_n but_o to_o a_o different_a end_n and_o after_o a_o different_a manner_n in_o this_o age_n now_o that_o this_o art_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v attain_v its_o perfection_n the_o business_n be_v do_v almost_o after_o this_o manner_n 1._o the_o gallery_n a_o a_o be_v bring_v over_o to_o the_o face_n of_o the_o enemy_n bulwark_n you_o design_v the_o place_n where_o you_o intend_v to_o put_v the_o powder_n then_o dig_v two_o or_o three_o turn_n c_o e_o e_o f_o you_o come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v k_o by_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o needle_n the_o channel_n c_o e_o f_o g_o be_v make_v wind_v that_o the_o powder_n may_v not_o so_o easy_o get_v out_o towards_o c._n it_o be_v 4_o foot_n or_o 4_o 1_o â—_o foot_n deep_a 4_o foot_n or_o 3_o 1_o â—_o foot_n wide_o yet_o it_o be_v make_v narrow_a the_o near_o you_o come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v 2._o when_o you_o come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v k_o there_o you_o dig_v a_o place_n to_o lodge_v the_o powder_n who_o height_n be_v common_o 6_o or_o 7_o foot_n the_o side_n of_o its_o base_a 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n here_o you_o put_v your_o barrel_n of_o powder_n so_o as_o to_o set_v they_o close_o together_o in_o the_o place_n for_o so_o the_o powder_n will_v be_v all_o light_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o therefore_o do_v it_o effect_v the_o strong_a this_o also_o experience_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o break_a bulwark_n will_v fall_v towards_o that_o part_n towards_o which_o the_o great_a space_n be_v leave_v between_o the_o barrel_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v put_v therefore_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o earth_n fall_v towards_o the_o enemy_n you_o shall_v put_v the_o powder_n near_o the_o side_n φ_n n_n if_o towards_o etc._n etc._n 3._o one_o barrel_n of_o powder_n will_v blow_v up_o 12_o foot_n of_o earth_n hence_o gather_v how_o many_o barrel_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o powder_n must_v not_o be_v long_o carry_v in_o before_o you_o intend_v to_o put_v fire_n to_o it_o otherwise_o it_o will_v grow_v moist_a and_o be_v spoil_v 4._o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o mine_n c_o must_v be_v diligent_o stop_v only_o leave_v in_o it_o a_o trunk_n or_o hollow_a pipe_n full_a
of_o powder_n for_o the_o train_n reach_v the_o powder_n in_o k_o that_o put_v a_o match_n to_o it_o you_o may_v blow_v up_o the_o mine_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v as_o for_o the_o attack_z itself_o which_o be_v order_v when_o the_o mine_n be_v spring_v and_o the_o breach_n make_v i_o leave_v that_o to_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n to_o who_o these_o thing_n belong_v chap._n xxiv_o of_o defend_v to_n 1._o the_o first_o beginning_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o the_o town_n as_o far_o off_o and_o as_o long_o as_o you_o can_v therefore_o whatsoever_o without_o the_o work_n can_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o enemy_n the_o besieger_n must_v possess_v and_o defend_v as_o long_o as_o they_o can_v 2._o they_o must_v use_v all_o their_o endeavour_n to_o hinder_v the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n therefore_o let_v they_o sally_v frequent_o but_o wary_o lest_o they_o fall_v into_o snare_n to_o the_o irreparable_a loss_n of_o the_o town_n and_o rout_n and_o kill_v the_o pioner_n and_o soldier_n let_v they_o throw_v down_o the_o line_n that_o be_v finish_v and_o if_o they_o can_v carry_v away_o their_o gun_n they_o must_v spike_n they_o up_o by_o drive_v nail_n in_o their_o touch-hole_n 3._o those_o outward_a work_n which_o they_o can_v keep_v no_o long_o must_v be_v retrench_v see_v what_o we_o say_v before_o of_o retrenchment_n but_o if_o they_o be_v utter_o like_a to_o be_v lose_v they_o must_v be_v blow_v up_o together_o with_o those_o that_o possess_v they_o 4._o the_o sap_v of_o the_o out-brestwork_a must_v be_v intercept_v by_o a_o counter_a and_o transverse_a sappe_n 5._o the_o fill_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o the_o build_n of_o the_o gallery_n must_v be_v hinder_v at_o a_o distance_n by_o the_o continual_a fire_n of_o musket_n great_a gun_n hand_n granade_n and_o other_o firework_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o other_o way_n if_o the_o ditch_n be_v full_a of_o water_n but_o if_o the_o ditch_n be_v dry_a than_o they_o must_v fall_v upon_o the_o bvilder_n of_o the_o gallery_n with_o handy-stroke_n as_o well_o as_o with_o all_o that_o which_o i_o declare_v above_o and_o the_o gallery_n itself_o must_v either_o be_v destroy_v by_o fire_n or_o blow_v up_o with_o a_o mine_n 6._o but_o if_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o the_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n prevail_v the_o gallery_n be_v bring_v over_o to_o the_o bulwark_n and_o the_o bulwark_n itself_o be_v undermine_v against_o this_o plague_n no_o remedy_n remain_v but_o to_o find_v out_o the_o place_n of_o the_o mine_n to_o do_v this_o they_o use_v several_a practice_n some_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o pease_n leap_v on_o a_o drum-head_n well_o brace_v do_v conjecture_n at_o the_o place_n of_o their_o dig_v other_o boar_v a_o very_a long_a augur_n into_o the_o ground_n suspect_v and_o apply_v their_o ear_n to_o it_o think_v to_o hear_v the_o stroke_n of_o their_o dig_v other_o use_v other_o way_n to_o discover_v it_o the_o most_o certain_a way_n be_v by_o countermine_v to_o search_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o bulwark_n the_o mine_n be_v find_v the_o powder_n must_v be_v carry_v out_o but_o if_o the_o straightness_n of_o time_n will_v not_o permit_v it_o must_v be_v wet_v and_o a_o passage_n open_v for_o the_o fire_n 7._o the_o bulwork_n be_v blow_v up_o if_o the_o besiege_a have_v no_o inward_a work_n remain_v the_o last_o refuge_n be_v that_o since_o they_o can_v no_o long_o resist_v the_o enemy_n with_o wall_n and_o rampar_n that_o they_o stop_v his_o passage_n with_o arm_n and_o hand_n as_o he_o be_v break_v in_o at_o the_o breach_n which_o since_o they_o be_v rather_o the_o part_n of_o captain_n and_o soldier_n than_o the_o engineer_n i_o leave_v the_o rest_n to_o they_o and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o treatise_n finis_fw-la a_o new_a exact_a and_o most_o expeditious_a method_n of_o delineat_v all_o manner_n of_o fortification_n regular_a and_o irregular_a as_o well_o from_o the_o interior_n as_o from_o the_o exterior_a poligone_n be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o two_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o a_o medal_n london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o a_o new_a exact_a and_o most_o expeditious_a method_n of_o delineat_v all_o manner_n of_o fortification_n regular_n and_o irregular_a as_o well_o from_o the_o interior_n as_o from_o the_o exterior_a poligon_n be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o two_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o a_o medal_n the_o use_n of_o the_o first_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o the_o medal_n as_o represent_v in_o fig._n a._n the_o first_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o the_o medal_n serve_v to_o delineate_v all_o manner_n of_o fortification_n from_o the_o base_a or_o exterior_a poligon_n and_o that_o 1._o from_o a_o pentagon_n to_o a_o right_a line_n as_o be_v the_o more_o perfect_a 2._o from_o a_o square_a to_o a_o pentagon_n as_o be_v the_o less_o perfect_a figure_n 1._o from_o a_o pentagon_n to_o a_o right_a line_n have_v divide_v the_o give_v base_a or_o exterior_a poligon_n a_o a_o as_o in_o fig._n c_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n in_o the_o point_n d_o from_o that_o point_n d_o erect_v a_o perpendicular_a d_o e_z of_o a_o sufficient_a length_n then_o take_v any_o measure_n whatsoever_o be_v it_o a_o chain_n pole_n staff_n or_o stake_v out_o of_o a_o hedge_n and_o mark_v out_o 3_o or_o 6_o or_o 9_o or_o 12_o or_o 15_o or_o 18_o or_o 21_o or_o 24_o or_o 27_o or_o 30_o length_n upon_o the_o line_n a_o d_o in_o the_o point_n b_o from_o which_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a b_o c_o equal_a to_o â…“_n of_o a_o b_o so_o be_v c_o a_o visual_a point_n through_o which_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v the_o line_n a_o f_o cut_v the_o perpendicular_a d_o e_z in_o the_o point_n e_o and_o e_z a_o visual_a point_n through_o which_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v the_o line_n a_o n._n which_o do_v divide_v the_o perpendicular_a d_o e_z into_o eight_o equal_a part_n and_o make_v either_o of_o the_o line_n e_o n_n and_o e_o f_o equal_a to_o nine_o of_o those_o part_n and_o then_o from_o the_o point_n n_o and_o f_o of_o the_o line_n a_o n_n and_o a_o f_o let_v fall_v the_o perpendicular_a n_n o_o till_o it_o cut_v the_o line_n a_o f_o in_o the_o point_n o._n and_o so_o likewise_o the_o perpendicular_a e_o p_o till_o it_o cut_v the_o line_n a_o n_n in_o the_o point_n p._n last_o join_v the_o point_n a_o o_fw-fr n_o f_o p_o a_o and_o so_o you_o have_v a_o o_o and_o a_o p_o for_o the_o two_o face_n n_n o_o and_o f_o p_o for_o the_o two_o flank_n and_o n_n f_o for_o the_o curtain_n of_o that_o fortification_n and_o observe_v the_o same_o method_n from_o all_o the_o base_n the_o fortification_n become_v entire_a as_o in_o fig._n c._n 2._o from_o a_o square_a to_o a_o pentagon_n the_o method_n of_o delineat_v from_o a_o square_a to_o a_o pentagon_n be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o that_o from_o a_o pentagon_n to_o a_o right_a line_n only_o instead_o of_o mark_v out_o three_o length_n upon_o the_o half-base_a you_o be_v to_o mark_v out_o 15_o for_o the_o line_n g_o h._n and_o instead_o of_o 1_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v 4_o for_o the_o perpendicular_a h_n i._o and_o last_o instead_o of_o divide_v the_o perpendicular_a k_o l_o into_o eight_z part_n you_o be_v to_o divide_v it_o into_o five_o and_o of_o those_o part_n you_o be_v to_o set_v off_o seven_o both_o upon_o the_o line_n l_o m_o and_o upon_o the_o line_n l_o r._n and_o this_o be_v all_o the_o difference_n as_o may_v be_v clear_o see_v in_o fig._n d._n the_o use_n of_o the_o second_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o the_o medal_n as_o represent_v in_o fig._n b._n the_o second_o face_n or_o superficies_n of_o this_o medal_n direct_v how_o to_o delineate_v any_o fortification_n by_o the_o interior_n poligon_n and_o that_o from_o a_o square_n to_o a_o right_a line_n for_o example_n the_o interior_n poligon_n d_o f_o o_o being_n give_v as_o in_o fig._n e_o first_o draw_v the_o capital_a line_n a_o g_o k_o t_n and_o m_o qui_fw-fr of_o a_o sufficient_a length_n then_o by_o the_o forego_n direction_n describe_v a_o fortification_n inward_a upon_o this_o interior_n poligon_n as_o though_o it_o be_v a_o exterior_a which_o do_v continue_v the_o curtain_n and_o so_o you_o have_v give_v you_o the_o two_o line_n a_o c_o and_o k_o m_o which_o you_o be_v to_o divide_v equal_o in_o the_o point_n b_o and_o l._n and_o from_o those_o 2_o point_n to_o draw_v the_o four_o line_n b_o d_o b_o f_o l_o f_o and_o l_o o_o as_o likewise_o from_o the_o two_o point_n e_z and_z n_z you_o be_v to_o draw_v the_o four_o line_n e_o g_z e_o h_n n_o t_o and_o n_o q_o so_o as_o e_z g_z may_v be_v parallel_n to_o b_o d_o e_o h_o to_o b_o f_o
they_o have_v rather_o choose_v a_o curtain_n than_o a_o bulwark_n to_o be_v batter_v capt._n you_o have_v hear_v my_o reason_n for_o that_o and_o see_v the_o figure_n follow_v trace_v out_o to_o you_o but_o as_o for_o your_o bulwark_n the_o besiege_a may_v cut_v it_o off_o as_o you_o may_v mark_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o retrenchment_n and_o cut_n off_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n for_o indeed_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o force_v a_o enemy_n out_o of_o a_o bulwark_n who_o be_v resolve_v to_o loose_v it_o by_o piecemeal_o and_o degree_n and_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o danger_n in_o assault_v of_o a_o curtain_n which_o be_v once_o well_o batter_v and_o beat_v down_o with_o your_o ordnance_n you_o have_v a_o easy_a way_n and_o entrance_n to_o fall_v on_o with_o your_o troop_n of_o man_n to_o enter_v the_o town_n or_o fortress_n but_o for_o the_o defence_n which_o be_v make_v from_o your_o flank_a bulwark_n or_o your_o casemate_n you_o must_v make_v battery_n upon_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o moat_n against_o they_o as_o be_v say_v to_o dismount_v the_o enemy_n piece_n and_o to_o flanker_n with_o your_o ordnance_n the_o parapet_n of_o the_o bulwork_n to_o beat_v they_o about_o their_o ear_n that_o the_o bulwork_n may_v lie_v the_o more_o open_a to_o you_o and_o i_o think_v this_o way_n be_v the_o least_o danger_n gen._n but_o the_o besiege_a their_o cut_n off_o may_v they_o not_o be_v make_v aswell_o upon_o a_o curtain_n as_o upon_o a_o bulwark_n capt._n no_o for_o the_o rampire_n be_v thin_a you_o have_v neither_o so_o much_o ground_n nor_o the_o like_a accommodation_n in_o a_o curtain_n as_o in_o a_o bulwark_n and_o indeed_o a_o governor_n of_o a_o town_n or_o of_o a_o fortress_n if_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o choice_n have_v rather_o to_o be_v assault_v on_o a_o bulwark_n than_o on_o a_o curtain_n by_o cut_v it_o off_o into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o half_a moon_n that_o he_o may_v make_v a_o new_a resistance_n and_o defend_v it_o with_o a_o less_o number_n of_o man_n beside_o in_o a_o bulwark_n the_o besiege_a have_v this_o advantage_n over_o the_o assailant_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a for_o they_o that_o they_o may_v make_v a_o mine_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o their_o bulwark_n when_o a_o enemy_n shall_v attempt_v to_o assault_v it_o and_o think_v to_o enter_v the_o breach_n and_o take_v the_o town_n they_o may_v be_v blow_v up_o into_o the_o air_n by_o a_o countermine_n the_o like_a also_o may_v happen_v to_o the_o besiege_a the_o assailant_n spring_v their_o mine_n also_o in_o a_o bulwark_n when_o they_o think_v they_o stand_v upon_o their_o best_a defence_n gen._n may_v not_o the_o like_o be_v do_v also_o in_o a_o curtain_n capt._n no_o it_o will_v not_o take_v the_o like_a effect_n as_o in_o a_o bulwark_n for_o a_o breach_n be_v once_o make_v in_o a_o curtain_n for_o as_o a_o enemy_n may_v assault_v it_o at_o large_a so_o they_o may_v bring_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n to_o fight_v to_o help_v to_o defend_v it_o whereas_o in_o a_o bulwark_n they_o be_v pen_v up_o and_o straighten_v in_o a_o narrow_a place_n which_o may_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o will_v require_v a_o few_o number_n of_o man_n to_o defend_v it_o whereas_o those_o which_o be_v to_o force_v it_o must_v be_v constrain_v to_o bring_v up_o a_o great_a many_o man_n to_o assault_v who_o in_o a_o instant_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o blow_v up_o gen._n your_o reason_n good_a captain_n be_v not_o to_o be_v slight_v but_o as_o for_o i_o i_o hold_v it_o safe_o to_o batter_v and_o assault_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o bulwark_n than_o of_o a_o curtain_n for_o though_o the_o besiege_a may_v cut_v it_o off_o and_o defend_v it_o with_o a_o few_o number_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o assaulter_n have_v this_o advantage_n over_o the_o besiege_a defendant_n that_o they_o have_v more_o place_n and_o elbow_n room_n and_o may_v find_v a_o less_o resistance_n than_o in_o a_o curtain_n see_v that_o one_o may_v make_v as_o a_o great_a a_o breach_n in_o a_o bulwark_n as_o in_o a_o curtain_n because_o your_o ordnance_n may_v beat_v it_o flat_o and_o level_v with_o the_o ground_n and_o choose_v rather_o a_o bulwark_n i_o will_v herewith_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n and_o now_o show_v you_o the_o figure_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o in_o this_o follow_a plate_n chap._n xxv_o contain_v the_o demonstration_n of_o mortar_n and_o the_o use_n of_o they_o your_o great_a and_o small_a mortar_n be_v not_o only_o serviceable_a in_o a_o war_n offensive_a by_o shoot_v and_o cast_v of_o great_a granade_n as_o of_o 100_o 150_o 170_o pound_n weight_n and_o small_a of_o 40_o and_o 50_o pound_n but_o also_o by_o cast_v of_o fire-ball_n stone_n old_a rubbish_n and_o piece_n of_o iron_n into_o city_n town_n and_o fortress_n and_o may_v be_v use_v also_o defensive_o to_o be_v shoot_v from_o town_n and_o fort_n into_o any_o enemy_n work_n and_o approach_n especial_o they_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n when_o a_o enemy_n have_v covert_o approach_v and_o lodge_v himself_o under_o some_o bulwark_n tower_n or_o turret_n and_o be_v a_o beginning_n to_o undermine_v they_o which_o if_o they_o do_v you_o may_v plant_v one_o of_o these_o mortar_n at_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o your_o wall_n and_o shoot_v your_o granado_n as_o it_o be_v bolt_n upright_o into_o the_o air_n by_o its_o natural_a fall_n it_o may_v light_v just_a into_o the_o enemy_n work_n and_o there_o with_o great_a violence_n break_v among_o they_o it_o will_v make_v they_o cry_v fly_z and_o forsake_v the_o place_n you_o may_v also_o fire_v they_o out_o of_o a_o place_n by_o cast_v good_a store_n of_o hand_n granade_n down_o among_o they_o and_o so_o annoy_v they_o that_o the_o work_n will_v be_v too_o hot_a for_o they_o how_o one_o must_v batter_v a_o courtine_n how_o one_o must_v batter_v a_o bulwark_n the_o use_n of_o they_o be_v not_o to_o shoot_v in_o a_o right_a line_n as_o other_o ordnance_n do_v but_o in_o a_o oblique_a line_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o two_o figure_n follow_v unless_o your_o mortar_n be_v mount_v to_o 90_o degree_n mount_v they_o usual_o above_o 45_o degree_n namely_o to_o 60_o 70_o 80_o and_o sometime_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o distance_n and_o fall_n of_o your_o granado_n or_o shot_n shall_v require_v have_v before_o show_v you_o the_o make_n and_o use_n of_o the_o quadrant_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o i_o come_v to_o the_o charge_v and_o use_n of_o a_o mortar_n now_o before_o you_o put_v in_o your_o powder_n it_o must_v be_v well_o sponge_v and_o clear_v whether_o you_o charge_v it_o with_o loose_a powder_n or_o cartouch_n turn_v the_o mouth_n almost_o bolt_n upright_o the_o powder_n be_v put_v into_o the_o chamber_n you_o must_v stop_v it_o with_o a_o wadd_a either_o of_o hay_n or_o oakam_n and_o after_o a_o tampkin_n of_o some_o soft_a wood_n and_o this_o with_o the_o powder_n that_o be_v put_v in_o first_o it_o must_v fill_v up_o the_o whole_a chamber_n thereof_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o vacuity_n between_o the_o powder_n and_o the_o wadd_a or_o between_o the_o wadd_a and_o the_o shot_n this_o do_v the_o shot_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o at_o the_o mouth_n with_o another_o wadd_n after_o it_o but_o you_o must_v have_v a_o care_n that_o your_o mortar_n be_v not_o much_o mount_v lest_o your_o shot_n fly_v out_o too_o soon_o and_o the_o wadd_a between_o the_o tampkin_n and_o the_o shot_n will_v not_o only_o save_v the_o shot_n from_o the_o tampkins_n break_v of_o it_o but_o also_o be_v to_o avoid_v vacuity_n which_o may_v endanger_v the_o break_n of_o the_o piece_n by_o second_o expansion_n now_o then_o have_v resolve_v of_o the_o premise_n touch_v your_o piece_n shot_n and_o powder_n as_o abovesaid_a and_o upon_o the_o distance_n and_o mounture_n of_o your_o mark_n as_o the_o rule_n and_o table_n follow_v shall_v direct_v you_o then_o for_o the_o bend_n and_o dispose_n of_o it_o to_o the_o assign_a mark_n lay_v first_o a_o straight_a ruler_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o your_o mortar_n and_o upon_o it_o place_v a_o quadrant_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n or_o some_o other_o instrument_n crosswise_o to_o set_v the_o mortar_n upright_o for_o shune_v of_o wide_a shoot_n and_o then_o place_v they_o foreright_o to_o elevate_v it_o into_o the_o resolve_a degree_n of_o mounture_n to_o avoid_v short_a or_o overshoot_n according_o as_o the_o table_n follow_v will_v teach_v you_o for_o have_v make_v one_o shot_n you_o may_v thereby_o proportion_v the_o rest_n consider_v whether_o you_o be_v to_o shoot_v with_o or_o against_o the_o wind_n or_o whether_o it_o blow_v towards_o
the_o right_n or_o the_o left_a hand_n whether_o weak_o or_o strong_o and_o so_o according_o to_o give_v or_o abate_v the_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n which_o judgement_n and_o discretion_n will_v induce_v you_o thereunto_o and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o rule_n follow_v now_o we_o will_v come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o mortar_n and_o that_o in_o this_o example_n follow_v suppose_v a_o enemy_n be_v approach_v to_o the_o basis_n or_o foot_n of_o a_o wall_n or_o a_o bulwark_n and_o there_o be_v a_o root_n and_o begin_v to_o make_v a_o mine_n and_o have_v chamber_v his_o powder_n intend_v to_o blow_v it_o up_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n leave_v you_o to_o repulse_v and_o hinder_v their_o egress_n and_o regress_n into_o it_o but_o by_o shoot_v out_o of_o your_o mortar_n some_o granade_n fire-ball_n stone_n and_o rubbish_n among_o they_o or_o at_o least_o by_o cast_v many_o hand-granadoe_n down_o upon_o they_o to_o do_v this_o either_o by_o force_n or_o policy_n it_o behove_v a_o good_a cannonier_n or_o fire-worker_n to_o know_v first_o as_o have_v be_v teach_v how_o far_o his_o mortar_n will_v carry_v a_o granado_n or_o any_o solid_a thing_n else_o which_o shall_v be_v shoot_v out_o of_o it_o be_v set_v upon_o such_o and_o such_o a_o degree_n and_o elevation_n as_o the_o mortar_n figure_n will_v show_v you_o as_o for_o example_n take_v your_o aim_n level_v with_o the_o mould_n or_o mouth_n of_o your_o mortar_n note_v a_o upon_o the_o quadrant_n and_o it_o will_v carry_v 200_o pace_n where_o you_o see_v the_o granado_n fall_v upon_o the_o letter_n a_o but_o your_o mortar_n be_v elevate_v to_o the_o mark_n b_o it_o then_o will_v carry_v its_o bullet_n 487_o pace_n if_o to_o the_o second_n c_o then_o 755_o pace_n if_o to_o the_o three_o d_o it_o will_v carry_v 937_o pace_n if_o to_o the_o four_o e_z then_o 1065_o pace_n if_o to_o the_o five_o elevation_n f_o than_o 1132_o pace_n if_o to_o the_o six_o g_z which_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o quadrant_n and_o lie_v then_o upon_o its_o high_a elevation_n it_o will_v carry_v 1170_o pace_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o several_a fall_n of_o the_o bullet_n upon_o every_o letter_n the_o second_o figure_n show_v you_o a_o mortar_n cast_v a_o granado_n upon_o a_o castle_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o example_n another_o table_n of_o diego_n uffanoes_n for_o mortar_n piece_n with_o their_o random_n make_v for_o every_o degree_n between_o the_o level_n and_o 90_o degree_n as_o follow_v deg._n pac._n deg._n 0_o 100_o 89_o 1_o 122_o 88_o 2_o 143_o 87_o 3_o 364_o 86_o 4_o 285_o 85_o 5_o 204_o 84_o 6_o 224_o 83_o 7_o 243_o 82_o 8_o 262_o 81_o 9_o 280_o 80_o 10_o 297_o 79_o 11_o 314_o 78_o 12_o 331_o 77_o 13_o 347_o 76_o 14_o 363_o 75_o 15_o 377_o 74_o 16_o 392_o 73_o 17_o 406_o 72_o 18_o 419_o 71_o 19_o 432_o 70_o 20_o 445_o 69_o 21_o 457_o 68_o 22_o 468_o 67_o 23_o 479_o 66_o 24_o 490_o 65_o 25_o 500_o 64_o 26_o 510_o 63_o 27_o 518_o 62_o 28_o 524_o 61_o 29_o 526_o 60_o 30_o 534_o 59_o 31_o 539_o 58_o 33_o 543_o 57_o 34_o 549_o 56_o 34_o 552_o 55_o 35_o 558_o 54_o 36_o 562_o 53_o 37_o 568_o 52_o 38_o 573_o 51_o 39_o 477_o 50_o 40_o 580_o 49_o 41_o 582_o 48_o 42_o 583_o 47_o 43_o 584_o 46_o 44_o 582_o  _fw-fr 45_o 582_o  _fw-fr a_o mortar_n shoot_v upon_o a_o castle_n how_o you_o be_v to_o use_v the_o quadrant_n afore_o describe_v for_o a_o mortar_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o granado_n upon_o the_o lettor_n the_o complete_a gunner_n the_o three_o part_n of_o artificial_a firework_n the_o number_n of_o artificial_a firework_n which_o be_v practise_v as_o well_o in_o army_n upon_o land_n in_o the_o attacking_z and_o defence_n of_o place_n as_o in_o defence_n of_o ship_n at_o sea_n whereby_o warlike_a execution_n may_v be_v perform_v be_v many_o and_o various_a according_a to_o the_o ingenuity_n of_o the_o fire-master_n and_o the_o way_n of_o prepare_v they_o be_v so_o many_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o in_o this_o room_n we_o have_v allot_v to_o prescribe_v all_o that_o be_v know_v we_o shall_v therefore_o be_v content_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o best_a and_o principal_a thing_n among_o so_o great_a a_o number_n but_o more_o particular_o of_o some_o most_o admirable_a invention_n and_o we_o shall_v give_v a_o chapter_n to_o every_o kind_n of_o firework_n consider_v they_o differ_v among_o themselves_o both_o in_o fashion_n and_o effect_n and_o every_o one_o have_v its_o name_n which_o be_v particular_o apply_v to_o it_o but_o before_o we_o begin_v with_o our_o composition_n we_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o particular_n and_o their_o preparation_n unto_o this_o work_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o exalt_v and_o have_v the_o great_a efficacy_n the_o more_o principal_a material_n that_o be_v peter_z charcoal_n and_o sulphur_n be_v mention_v at_o large_a in_o my_o first_o part_n of_o gunnery_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v proceed_v chap._n i._o to_o prepare_v oil_n of_o sulphur_n take_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o clarify_a sulphur_n the_o way_n of_o clarification_n we_o have_v show_v before_o melt_v it_o over_o a_o very_a gentle_a fire_n in_o a_o earthen_a or_o copper_n vessel_n then_o take_v old_a red_a tile_n that_o have_v be_v already_o use_v in_o building_n or_o if_o you_o can_v find_v such_o take_v new_a tile_n that_o be_v well_o bake_v and_o that_o have_v not_o take_v dirt_n break_v they_o in_o piece_n as_o small_a as_o a_o bean_n and_o throw_v they_o into_o melt_a brimstone_n then_o mingle_v your_o brimstone_n with_o the_o remain_a fragment_n of_o the_o brick_n until_o they_o have_v drink_v up_o all_o the_o sulphur_n then_o let_v they_o be_v put_v into_o a_o limbeck_n upon_o a_o furnace_n to_o distil_v and_o after_o the_o oil_n be_v draw_v according_a to_o a_o chemical_a order_n it_o will_v be_v very_o excellent_a and_o above_o all_o have_v a_o very_a combustible_a quality_n proper_a to_o the_o composition_n of_o artificial_a fire_n to_o prepare_v oil_n or_o balsam_n of_o sulphur_n fill_v a_o long_a body_n of_o glass_n full_a of_o sulphur_n well_o powder_v then_o pour_v upon_o it_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n or_o oil_n of_o nut_n or_o juniper_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n that_o the_o oil_n with_o the_o sulphur_n may_v fill_v but_o the_o half_a part_n place_v it_o in_o a_o iron_n kettle_n with_o sand_n round_o about_o it_o and_o a_o small_a heat_n for_o 8_o or_o 9_o hour_n and_o you_o will_v see_v that_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n will_v convert_v the_o brimstone_n into_o a_o red_a oil_n as_o fiery_a and_o combustible_a as_o before_o there_o be_v those_o that_o take_v the_o follow_a matter_n to_o the_o prepare_v the_o oil_n of_o sulphur_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v render_v more_o combustible_a viz._n sulphur_n 1_o l._n of_o quick_a lyme_n half_a a_o pound_n of_o salarmoniac_a 4_o ounce_n above_o all_o this_o the_o chemist_n know_v how_o to_o prepare_v a_o certain_a oil_n of_o sulphur_n which_o they_o call_v a_o balsam_n of_o which_o the_o virtue_n be_v so_o admirable_a that_o they_o admit_v not_o any_o body_n either_o live_n or_o dead_a to_o be_v touch_v with_o putrefaction_n but_o will_v conserve_v it_o in_o so_o perfect_a and_o entire_a state_n that_o neither_o the_o pernicious_a influence_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n nor_o that_o corruption_n which_o the_o element_n produce_v nor_o that_o which_o reduce_v thing_n into_o their_o principle_n can_v any_o way_n damnify_v it_o if_o anoint_a with_o it_o there_o be_v also_o from_o it_o prepare_v a_o certain_a fire_n as_o tritemius_fw-la teach_v with_o flower_n of_o sulphur_n borax_n and_o brandywine_n which_o will_v remain_v many_o year_n without_o extinguish_n of_o itself_o other_o that_o be_v know_v do_v attest_v that_o a_o lamp_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o such_o like_a oil_n from_o whence_o all_o that_o be_v within_o the_o light_n of_o it_o will_v appear_v as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o head_n there_o be_v another_o way_n of_o make_v oil_n of_o sulphur_n which_o be_v very_o admirable_a and_o excellent_a which_o be_v prepare_v thus_o incorporate_v well_o together_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sulphur_n and_o salt-peter_n reduce_v they_o into_o most_o subtle_a powder_n and_o pass_v it_o through_o a_o fine_a sieve_n than_o put_v they_o into_o a_o earthen_a pot_n that_o have_v never_o be_v use_v and_o pour_v upon_o they_o vinegar_n make_v of_o white-wine_n or_o aqua-vita_a as_o much_o as_o will_v cover_v the_o powder_n close_o the_o pot_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o no_o air_n may_v any_o wise_a enter_v and_o put_v it_o thus_o in_o any_o hot_a place_n so_o long_a time_n until_o all_o the_o vinegar_n be_v digest_v
of_o ship_n a_o pretty_a distance_n or_o to_o fire_n thatch_a house_n corn-stack_n or_o any_o other_o combustible_a matter_n apt_a to_o burn_v when_o you_o can_v come_v to_o the_o same_o it_o be_v good_a to_o have_v certain_a strong_a crossbow_n to_o bend_v with_o rack_n or_o gaffel_n and_o so_o shoot_v arrow_n arm_v at_o the_o head_n with_o wildfire_n make_v of_o the_o composition_n as_o above_o and_o about_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o one_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o diameter_n tapr_v as_o afore_o in_o all_o point_n or_o you_o may_v have_v long_a bow_n but_o then_o let_v your_o arrow_n be_v also_o long_o which_o for_o divers_a service_n may_v do_v great_a good_a chap._n xvi_o to_o charge_v trunk_n with_o ball_n of_o wildfire_n to_o charge_n trunk_n to_o shoot_v little_a ball_n of_o wildfire_n either_o to_o offend_v or_o defend_v you_o must_v first_o charge_v he_o with_o two_o inch_n of_o good_a powder_n and_o then_o with_o a_o ball_n of_o wildfire_n a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o trunk_n let_v the_o ball_n be_v bore_v through_o cross-way_n and_o prime_v full_a of_o fine_a powder_n last_o with_o slow_a receipt_n then_o with_o powder_n then_o with_o a_o ball_n again_o as_o aforesaid_a until_o you_o have_v fill_v the_o same_o within_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o mouth_n which_o will_v be_v fill_v up_o with_o fine_a powder_n and_o receipt_n mix_v together_o some_o do_v use_v to_o have_v at_o the_o mouth_n two_o iron_n stirt_n to_o stick_v they_o in_o the_o side_n of_o any_o thing_n or_o to_o defend_v one_o self_n from_o the_o enemy_n from_o take_v it_o off_o with_o a_o thrust_n while_o they_o do_v execution_n to_o make_v the_o ball._n the_o ball_n of_o wildfire_n must_v be_v thus_o make_v take_v untwist_v match_n tow_n and_o hemp_n the_o which_o will_v be_v moisten_v in_o aquavitae_n or_o boil_a in_o salt-peter_n water_n then_o take_v of_o bruise_a powder_n six_o part_n of_o salt-peter_n one_o part_n of_o brimstone_n fine_o beat_v one_o part_n of_o coal_n make_v of_o light_a wood_n moisten_v with_o a_o little_a linseed-oyl_n and_o turpentine_n wrought_v together_o one_o part_n then_o lay_v the_o tow_n or_o oakam_n abroad_o in_o thickness_n of_o the_o back_n of_o a_o knife_n and_o as_o broad_a as_o a_o great_a oyster-shel_n put_v into_o the_o same_o as_o much_o as_o you_o can_v grasp_v together_o in_o your_o fist_n and_o tie_v the_o same_o hard_a with_o a_o pack-thread_n coat_n it_o over_o with_o melt_a brimstone_n and_o when_o you_o will_v use_v the_o same_o bear_v it_o through_o with_o a_o bodkin_n and_o fill_v the_o hole_n full_a of_o fine_a powder_n bruise_v to_o make_v bullet_n of_o wildfire_n to_o shoot_v out_o of_o a_o trunk_n which_o will_v be_v as_o hard_a as_o a_o stone_n take_v sulphur_n in_o meal_n six_o part_n of_o resin_n in_o meal_n six_o part_n melt_v the_o same_o in_o some_o pot_n over_o a_o slow_a fire_n then_o take_v stone_n pitch_v one_o part_n of_o hard_a wax_n one_o part_n of_o tarr_n ¼_n part_n of_o aquavitae_n ½_n part_n of_o linseed_n oil_n ½_n part_n of_o verdigrease_n ¼_n part_n of_o camphire_n ⅛_n part_n melt_v all_o these_o together_o likewise_o stir_v into_o the_o same_o of_o peter_n in_o meal_n two_o part_n and_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n put_v therein_o four_o part_n of_o bruise_a powder_n work_v the_o same_o well_o together_o in_o your_o hand_n and_o roll_n it_o round_o of_o the_o bigness_n you_o mean_v to_o make_v your_o ball_n of_o bore_v two_o hole_n through_o the_o same_o cross-way_n which_o must_v be_v prime_v with_o bruise_a powder_n these_o ball_n be_v cold_a will_v grow_v very_o hard_o and_o fire_v will_v burn_v furious_o to_o make_v hedgehog_n to_o make_v hedgehog_n or_o ball_n you_o must_v fill_v they_o with_o the_o same_o receipt_n you_o do_v your_o arrow_n and_o pike_n and_o let_v they_o be_v five_o inch_n in_o the_o diameter_n and_o well_o arm_v with_o twine_n before_o you_o coat_n they_o and_o after_o bore_v two_o hole_n and_o prime_v with_o fine_a powder_n then_o put_v in_o two_o stick_n and_o use_v they_o pull_v they_o out_o again_o and_o at_o the_o say_a hole_n fire_v they_o the_o spike_n end_v of_o iron_n must_v be_v like_o death_n arrow_n head_n five_o or_o six_o stirt_n a_o piece_n to_o hang_v in_o the_o sail_n or_o stick_v in_o or_o upon_o any_o place_n assign_v and_o remember_v in_o the_o arm_n to_o leave_v a_o noose_n to_o throw_v he_o be_v fire_v out_o of_o your_o hand_n to_o make_v powder-pot_n they_o be_v make_v of_o black_a potter_n clay_n or_o thick_a glass_n round_a bottle_n with_o ear_n to_o tie_v match_n light_v at_o both_o end_n the_o pot_n or_o glass_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o dry_a fine_a powder_n and_o throw_v upon_o the_o deck_v or_o other_o where_o which_o will_v much_o prejudice_v the_o enemy_n and_o many_o time_n fire_v their_o own_o powder-chest_n artificial_a firework_n for_o recreation_n among_o all_o artificial_a fire_n that_o have_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n many_o year_n the_o fuzee_n which_o the_o latin_n call_v rochetae_n and_o the_o greek_n pyroboli_fw-la have_v always_o have_v the_o first_o rank_n nevertheless_o this_o greek_a word_n do_v not_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n rochetae_n see_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v proper_o tela_n ignita_fw-la that_o be_v burn_a dart_n or_o arrow_n the_o italian_n call_v they_o rochetae_n and_o raggi_n the_o german_n steigen_n de_fw-fr kasten_n ragetten_v and_o drachetten_n the_o pole_n race_n the_o french_a fuzee_n the_o english_a rocket_n or_o serpent_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o invention_n of_o they_o it_o have_v be_v of_o so_o ancient_a stand_n that_o the_o construction_n be_v now_o very_o common_a and_o familiar_a among_o all_o the_o pyrobolist_n and_o fire-master_n the_o which_o although_o it_o appear_v very_o easy_a in_o itself_o yet_o there_o be_v in_o it_o labour_n and_o require_v that_o he_o that_o apply_v himself_o to_o this_o work_n shall_v not_o be_v careless_a but_o on_o the_o contrary_n take_v all_o the_o care_n and_o diligence_n that_o possible_o he_o can_v have_v for_o the_o prepare_n of_o such_o perilous_a thing_n consider_v likewise_o the_o expense_n and_o loss_n be_v irreparable_a after_o the_o experiment_n make_v and_o see_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n in_o public_a recreation_n without_o these_o fuzee_n therefore_o i_o think_v i_o be_o something_o oblige_v here_o to_o show_v the_o true_a way_n of_o prepare_v they_o with_o their_o particular_a use_n chap._n i._n how_o to_o make_v rocket_n i_o intend_v not_o here_o to_o write_v the_o construction_n of_o mould_v fit_a for_o this_o purpose_n but_o rather_o leave_v the_o more_o curious_a student_n herein_o to_o the_o work_n of_o casimier_n siemienowicz_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o the_o artillery_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o polonia_n in_o his_o great_a art_n of_o artillery_n write_v in_o the_o french_a tongue_n and_o print_v at_o amsterdam_n and_o also_o in_o our_o countryman_n mr._n bate_v and_o mr._n babington_n etc._n etc._n that_o which_o i_o intend_v to_o do_v be_v to_o teach_v you_o how_o they_o may_v be_v make_v by_o hand_n or_o by_o help_n only_o of_o a_o rouler_n to_o roul_n the_o paper_n upon_o let_v it_o be_v turn_v to_o the_o thickness_n you_o intend_v only_o let_v the_o rouler_n be_v 8_o time_n the_o diameter_n in_o length_n if_o it_o be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o thickness_n the_o length_n will_v be_v three_o inch_n roul_n your_o paper_n hard_o on_o the_o rouler_n until_o the_o thickness_n be_v one_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n rouler_n and_o all_o then_o glue_v the_o uppermost_a paper_n and_o the_o case_n be_v make_v on_o the_o choke_n or_o contract_v the_o paper_n together_o at_o one_o end_n within_o one_o diameter_n of_o the_o end_n except_o only_o a_o little_a hole_n about_o one_o quarter_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bear_v thereof_o to_o contract_v these_o case_n on_o this_o manner_n do_v thus_o wet_v the_o end_n about_o one_o inch_n in_o water_n than_o put_v the_o rouler_n in_o again_o and_o tie_v a_o great_a packthread_n about_o the_o wet_a within_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o end_n put_v another_o thing_n almost_o of_o the_o same_o diameter_n with_o the_o rouler_n in_o at_o the_o wet_a end_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n hold_v it_o there_o get_v some_o other_o body_n to_o draw_v the_o packthread_n together_o you_o hold_v the_o rouler_n and_o rammer_n one_o put_v down_o to_o the_o end_n within_o one_o inch_n and_o the_o rammer_n which_o must_v be_v little_o less_o than_o the_o diameter_n to_o meet_v with_o that_o end_n within_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o which_o the_o contract_n or_o choke_n must_v be_v the_o packthread_n have_v draw_v it_o
and_o engineer_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o defence_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o fortress_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v convenient_a for_o use_v shall_v be_v prepare_v for_o it_o long_o before_o now_o this_o can_v be_v practise_v in_o small_a work_n where_o after_o the_o spring_a of_o one_o mine_n all_o be_v lose_v it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o work_n shall_v outward_o be_v defend_v as_o well_o with_o canon_n as_o with_o musket_n by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o from_o more_o place_n of_o defence_n then_o can_v be_v do_v by_o the_o enemy_n convenient_o in_o his_o attacques_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o virtue_n of_o a_o fortification_n for_o if_o the_o enemy_n do_v find_v place_n to_o make_v a_o battery_n of_o six_o or_o eight_o piece_n to_o break_v the_o flanque_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o commodious_a place_n to_o plant_v twenty_o eight_o or_o thirty_o piece_n in_o contra-battery_n which_o will_v soon_o ruin_v the_o enemy_n battery_n be_v great_a in_o number_n and_o stand_v already_o in_o advantageous_a place_n whereas_o the_o enemy_n must_v first_o raise_v his_o battery_n under_o the_o danger_n of_o those_o canon-shot_n all_o which_o be_v premise_v and_o well_o consider_v let_v we_o now_o inquire_v whether_o our_o modern_a fortress_n have_v this_o conveniency_n and_o if_o not_o where_o the_o difference_n lie_v for_o example_n see_v fig._n 2._o num._n 2._o which_o be_v part_n of_o a_o work_n of_o eleven_o bastion_n and_o fortify_v after_o the_o best_a modern_a method_n and_o practice_n be_v fryday_n second_o way_n and_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o these_o follow_a line_n a_o b_o polygone_n exterior_a 78.13_o long._n f_o g_o polygone_n interior_a 64.93_o long._n f_o e_o demy-gorge_n 14.19_o long._n a_o g_o capital-line_n 24.40_o long._n a_o c_o face_n 24.00_o long._n c_o d_o flanque_n 11.91_o long._n d_o e_o courtine_n 36.00_o long._n a_o e_o line_n of_o defence_n fichante_fw-fr 61.68_o long._n a_o h_n line_n of_o defence_n secant_fw-la 48.85_o long._n fig_n 11_o the_o modern_a engineer_n refer_v themselves_o much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o outwork_n whereof_o some_o nevertheless_o be_v very_a murthering-holes_n more_o troublesome_a than_o useful_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v in_o due_a time_n but_o for_o the_o present_n shall_v only_o show_v how_o the_o fault_n of_o modern_a fortification_n may_v be_v rectify_v according_a to_o my_o method_n it_o be_v notorious_a to_o every_o one_o who_o understand_v fortification_n according_a to_o the_o maxim_n abovementioned_a that_o the_o long_o the_o defend_v line_n be_v the_o better_a they_o be_v and_o that_o according_a to_o axiom_n 9_o the_o long_a flanque_n and_o gorges_n be_v much_o the_o strong_a always_o provide_v they_o may_v be_v make_v without_o prejudice_n to_o other_o part_n or_o that_o they_o be_v weaken_v thereby_o as_o also_o that_o the_o great_a bulwork_n be_v better_a than_o the_o little_a one_o because_o retrenchment_n and_o countermine_n may_v be_v make_v within_o they_o and_o because_o more_o piece_n of_o canon_n and_o musqueteer_n may_v be_v place_v there_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o next_o bulwark_n and_o because_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o all_o other_o warlike_a action_n it_o be_v also_o notorious_a that_o the_o long_a polygones_n and_o regular_n fortress_n contain_v most_o room_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o short_a in_o case_n the_o line_n of_o defence_n in_o the_o fortification_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o reach_n of_o a_o musket_n that_o be_v 60_o or_o 70_o rod_n for_o after_o this_o manner_n more_o space_n be_v include_v with_o few_o bulwork_n and_o therefore_o with_o less_o charge_n the_o other_o maxim_n be_v also_o very_o strict_o observe_v in_o my_o fortification_n now_o to_o obtain_v all_o these_o advantage_n i_o describe_v in_o fig._n 2._o num._n 2._o the_o ground-line_n of_o part_n of_o a_o eleven-angled_n work_n according_a to_o friday_n as_o also_o part_n of_o a_o eleven-angled_n work_n according_a to_o my_o own_o practice_n both_o of_o they_o fortify_v after_o our_o second_o method_n of_o fortify_v which_o be_v the_o most_o commodious_a and_o the_o fit_a for_o city_n of_o a_o ordinary_a extent_n but_o to_o fortify_v very_o great_a town_n it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o three_o method_n i_o shall_v therefore_o show_v first_o the_o difference_n of_o line_n in_o our_o two_o method_n and_o afterward_o the_o manner_n of_o apply_v the_o whole_a work_n unto_o practice_n see_v num._n 2._o fig._n 2._o the_o length_n of_o line_n in_o a_o eleven-angled_n work_v fortify_v after_o fryday_n second_o method_n a_o b_o exterior_a polygone_n 78.13_o f_o g_o interior_n polygone_n 64.38_o .._o .._o the_o little_a semi-diameter_n 114.26_o f_o e_o the_o gorge_n 14.19_o a_o g_o the_o capital-line_n 24.40_o a_o c_o the_o face_n 24.00_o c_o d_o the_o flanque_n or_o shoulder_n 11.91_o d_o e_o the_o courtine_n 36.00_o a_o e_o line_n of_o defence_n fichante_fw-fr 61.68_o a_o h_n line_n of_o defence_n secant_fw-la 48.85_o e_o h_n second_n flanque_n 14.19_o the_o length_n of_o line_n according_a to_o my_o second_o method_n in_o a_o figure_n of_o eleven_o angle_n a_o b_o 90.00_o f_o g_o 74.03_o ..._o 131.36_o f_o e_o 24.00_o a_o g_o 28.32_o a_o c_o 27.69_o c_o d_o 16.00_o d_o e_o 27.00_o a_o e_o 64.50_o a_o h_o 54.00_o e_o h_o 12.00_o here_o the_o difference_n of_o line_n be_v clear_o see_v and_o that_o my_o figure_n of_o eleven_o angle_n contain_v in_o the_o circuit_n of_o its_o exterior_a polygones_n 130._o 57_o ①_n more_o than_o that_o of_o fryday_n for_o his_o eleven_o polygones_n be_v 859.43_o ①_n in_o length_n and_o my_o eleven_o 990_o ⓪_n and_o my_o line_n of_o defence_n be_v no_o more_o than_o 2.72_o ①_n long_o than_o he_o which_o be_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n my_o flanque_n gorges_n and_o consequent_o whole_a bulwork_n be_v much_o large_a and_o more_o convenient_a my_o bulworks-angle_n or_o angle_v flanque_v be_v equal_a to_o he_o as_o also_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o polygone_a and_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o tenaille_n and_o the_o face_n be_v as_o long_o as_o the_o courtine_n my_o flanque_n defend_v the_o next_o bulwork_n face_n and_o moat_n at_o right_a angle_n so_o that_o all_o part_n do_v mutual_o defend_v themselves_o with_o great_a conveniency_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o i_o do_v include_v very_o near_o as_o much_o space_n with_o nine_o of_o my_o bulwork_n as_o friday_n do_v with_o eleven_o of_o he_o keep_v very_o near_o the_o same_o line_n of_o defence_n which_o ease_v the_o charge_n very_o considerable_o beside_o the_o great_a symmetry_n of_o the_o work_n and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o concern_v the_o ground-line_n the_o virtue_n of_o this_o work_n will_v be_v see_v by_o that_o which_o follow_v i_o shall_v proceed_v now_o to_o the_o structure_n of_o these_o fortification_n and_o how_o the_o proportion_n of_o line_n be_v to_o be_v find_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o be_v many_o theorici_n which_o understand_v the_o use_n of_o fortification_n not_o otherwise_o than_o upon_o the_o paper_n who_o will_v imagine_v that_o this_o work_n can_v be_v good_a see_v the_o flanque_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o profound_a error_n before_o mention_v stand_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o courtine_n not_o consider_v what_o strength_n the_o bulwork_n have_v by_o this_o obliquity_n not_o only_o those_o that_o be_v next_o but_o also_o those_o that_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o hereby_o the_o bulwork_n gain_v at_o the_o entrance_n upon_o each_o gorge_n the_o length_n d_o i_o be_v 8_o ⓪_n twice_o which_o be_v 16_o rod_n gain_v upon_o both_o the_o gorges_n so_o that_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o bulwark_n come_v to_o be_v 48_o rods._n this_o afford_v place_n enough_o to_o lodge_v upon_o the_o flanque_n the_o suppose_a artillery_n and_o soldier_n which_o i_o esteem_v necessary_a it_o afford_v also_o room_n for_o the_o make_n of_o retrenchment_n and_o the_o flanque_n come_v to_o be_v much_o long_o after_o this_o manner_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o 47_o of_o the_o first_o of_o euclid_n it_o make_v also_o the_o great_a line_n of_o defence_n to_o keep_v its_o due_a measure_n not_o surpass_v the_o length_n of_o 64_o ⓪_n which_o be_v the_o true_a reach_n of_o a_o musket_n although_o my_o polygones_n be_v considerable_o long_o yet_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n be_v not_o sensible_o long_o than_o those_o of_o fryday_n and_o other_o i_o be_o also_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o modern_a flanque_n be_v more_o for_o a_o imaginary_a beauty_n than_o to_o make_v good_a the_o defence_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o wherein_o consist_v the_o strength_n of_o fortress_n the_o calculation_n
that_o the_o practice_n of_o war_n now_o in_o use_n aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o those_o old_a thing_n and_o that_o the_o work_n be_v very_o proper_a and_o capable_a of_o make_v a_o good_a defence_n and_o that_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o practise_v conjectural_o in_o a_o closet_n but_o in_o occasion_n of_o besiege_v or_o be_v besiege_a and_o that_o in_o several_a country_n and_o ground_n and_o in_o such_o place_n where_o indeed_o fly_v swift_a bullet_n not_o sugar-plum_n or_o roast_a capon_n many_o thing_n may_v be_v project_v upon_o paper_n but_o we_o ought_v to_o look_v whether_o they_o be_v practicable_a in_o the_o open_a field_n the_o latin_a proverb_n facile_fw-la est_fw-la inventis_fw-la addere_fw-la may_v be_v apply_v here_o i_o do_v confess_v but_o it_o have_v not_o be_v do_v as_o yet_o by_o other_o i_o have_v be_v about_o this_o a_o long_a time_n but_o always_o observe_v more_o and_o more_o whether_o any_o thing_n may_v hinder_v it_o which_o perhaps_o i_o have_v not_o consider_v of_o and_o possible_o there_o may_v be_v some_o such_o thing_n but_o whatever_o it_o be_v it_o may_v with_o ease_n be_v rectify_v by_o time_n and_o practice_n all_o thing_n devise_v by_o man_n do_v not_o immediate_o come_v to_o perfection_n let_v they_o who_o please_v to_o use_v this_o way_n first_o consider_v the_o work_n well_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n that_o they_o do_v not_o like_a let_v they_o practise_v the_o latin_a proverb_n abovesaid_a there_o be_v yet_o many_o particularity_n in_o this_o work_n which_o i_o do_v not_o describe_v here_o but_o keep_v they_o for_o my_o use_n and_o propound_v only_o the_o general_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o art_n of_o fortify_v be_v high_o improve_v in_o these_o unite_a province_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a exercise_n in_o it_o but_o here_o have_v be_v but_o few_o alteration_n or_o diversity_n of_o attacques_n see_v they_o be_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o make_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o also_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o spaniard_n who_o be_v furnish_v most_o common_o with_o ignorant_a engineer_n and_o their_o place_n ill_o fortify_v so_o that_o be_v besiege_a and_o much_o press_v they_o want_v many_o thing_n that_o be_v most_o necessary_a here_o in_o these_o part_n they_o have_v be_v a_o while_n at_o a_o stand_n without_o practise_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o which_o may_v serve_v to_o rectify_v their_o error_n although_o understand_v man_n see_v well_o enough_o that_o there_o be_v something_o want_v and_o that_o the_o work_n do_v want_v another_o form_n and_o this_o proceed_v chief_o from_o the_o impression_n which_o many_o have_v and_o still_o have_v that_o the_o fortification_n be_v at_o perfection_n contrary_a to_o experience_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o the_o late_a war_n in_o this_o opinion_n they_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o curious_a search_n experience_n and_o amendment_n make_v by_o his_o excellency_n prince_n maurice_n and_o his_o highness_n friderick_n henrick_n prince_n of_o orange_n of_o glorious_a memory_n these_o indeed_o do_v in_o those_o day_n reform_v many_o thing_n exceed_v well_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o attacking_z being_n much_o alter_v since_o the_o fortification_n ought_v also_o to_o be_v strengthen_v against_o they_o the_o practitioner_n have_v only_o join_v to_o the_o first_o invention_n those_o thing_n which_o serve_v to_o establish_v fortification_n upon_o sure_a rule_n according_a to_o the_o mathematics_n to_o which_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v too_o close_o however_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v their_o assistance_n in_o this_o science_n the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o the_o fortification_n do_v lie_v exact_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o mathematics_n but_o whether_o the_o line_n be_v well_o flanque_v and_o all_o thing_n order_v for_o most_o conveniency_n i_o confine_v myself_o indeed_o to_o these_o rule_n and_o calculation_n for_o so_o much_o as_o the_o first_o ground-line_n do_v require_v but_o upon_o these_o i_o make_v my_o observation_n afterward_o so_o that_o my_o work_n receive_v no_o small_a benefit_n from_o thence_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o firm_a and_o well-contrived_a flanque_n and_o the_o give_v of_o little_a advantage_n and_o place_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o erect_v his_o battery_n against_o they_o many_o place_n though_o well_o fortify_v be_v also_o lose_v in_o a_o short_a time_n for_o want_v of_o skilful_a officer_n and_o governor_n for_o although_o a_o man_n have_v the_o best_a sword_n he_o can_v wish_v for_o and_o yet_o do_v not_o know_v how_o to_o use_v it_o for_o his_o advantage_n the_o worst_a will_v be_v as_o good_a for_o he_o as_o the_o best_a let_v the_o best_a fortress_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o governor_n who_o know_v it_o not_o that_o fortress_n shall_v be_v gain_v soon_o than_o a_o mean_a place_n command_v by_o a_o experience_a officer_n this_o have_v be_v sufficient_o make_v good_a in_o these_o late_a war_n which_o also_o history_n do_v testify_v abundant_o for_o retrenchment_n cut_n counter-approache_n countermine_n beside_o the_o order_n of_o sally_n at_o due_a time_n as_o also_o the_o manage_n of_o firework_n contrive_v by_o a_o expert_a person_n and_o skilful_a architect_n be_v all_o very_a advantageous_a for_o place_n and_o detain_v the_o enemy_n long_o and_o yet_o they_o can_v well_o be_v know_v before_o there_o be_v attack_v make_v and_o then_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o be_v make_v more_o advantageous_a for_o the_o enemy_n then_o for_o the_o place_n itself_o hereof_o there_o be_v example_n enough_o and_o these_o work_n can_v have_v a_o good_a success_n unless_o they_o be_v direct_v by_o a_o skilful_a architect_n who_o have_v not_o only_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n in_o fortification_n but_o understand_v also_o the_o power_n of_o artillery_n and_o firework_n as_o also_o the_o manner_n of_o manage_v they_o and_o how_o mine_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o this_o i_o think_v sufficient_a for_o the_o design_v of_o ground-line_n and_o have_v describe_v only_o three_o figure_n more_o of_o three_o regular_a hexagones_n fortify_v see_v num._n four_o one_o of_o they_o after_o the_o great_a royal_a who_o exterior_a polygone_n be_v 100_o ⓪_n another_o after_o the_o mean_a royal_a who_o exterior_a polygone_n be_v 90_o ⓪_n and_o a_o three_o after_o the_o little_a royal_a the_o exterior_a polygone_n be_v 80_o ⓪_n note_n no_o body_n be_v confine_v to_o these_o length_n of_o polygones_n but_o they_o may_v be_v take_v short_a or_o long_o only_a care_n must_v be_v have_v that_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n be_v not_o too_o long_o the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n of_o these_o three_o demy-hexagones_a be_v of_o several_a quantity_n viz._n the_o first_o who_o outward_a polygone_n be_v 80.35_o ①_n and_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o modern_a polygones_n of_o a_o hexagone_fw-mi according_a to_o friday_n the_o second_o be_v of_o 90_o ⓪_n the_o exterior_a polygones_n of_o the_o three_o be_v of_o 100_o rod_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o courtine_n to_o the_o face_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o first_o design_n which_o afterward_o be_v alter_v sesquialter_fw-la or_o as_o 3_o to_o 2._o length_n of_o the_o line_n according_a to_o the_o first_o calculation_n length_n of_o the_o line_n after_o the_o first_o manner_n where_o the_o outward_a polygone_n c_o d_o be_v always_o 80.35_o rod_n in_o length_n in_o a_o regular_a hexagone_n length_n of_o line_n after_o the_o second_o manner_n where_o the_o out_o ward_n polygone_n be_v always_o 90_o rod_n long_o in_o a_o regular_a hexagone_n the_o outward_a polygone_n be_v 100_o rod_n in_o a_o hexagone_fw-mi length_n of_o the_o line_n after_o my_o alteration_n in_o a_o hexagone_fw-mi as_o follow_v the_o i._o the_o ii_o the_o iii_o manner_n the_o courtine_n f_o i_o 36.00_o 40.44_o 44.82_o 29_o 30_o 33_o face_n c_o m_o 24.00_o 26.88_o 29.86_o the_o same_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr gorge_fw-fr g_o f_o 11.36_o 12.72_o 14.43_o 14_o 17_o 19_o capital_n g_o c_o 21.26_o 24.20_o 26.89_o the_o same_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr flanque_n f_o m_n 9.54_o 10.68_o 11.87_o 11_o 12_o 13.5_o second_o flanque_n f_o n_n 12.98_o 14.53_o 16.16_o 8.5_o 10_o 10_o line_n of_o defence_n fichante_fw-fr ci_o 61.11_o 68.44_o 76.05_o 58_o 63.5_o 69_o interior_n polygone_n g_o l_o 58.73_o 65.89_o 73.09_o the_o same_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr distance_n of_o polygones_n f_o e_o 18.72_o 20.96_o 23.29_o the_o same_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o intelligent_a reader_n will_v see_v all_o thing_n better_a in_o the_o three_o figure_n numb_a i_o i_o i_o i._o and_o may_v measure_v it_o by_o the_o scale_n that_o be_v join_v to_o they_o by_o which_o all_o three_o of_o they_o be_v make_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o line_n serve_v only_o for_o a_o hexagone_fw-mi but_o if_o any_o one_o will_v fortify_v another_o figure_n he_o must_v
see_v the_o construction_n in_o dogen_n pag._n 160_o 161._o if_o they_o be_v build_v before_o the_o courtine_n let_v their_o side_n be_v rather_o parallel_v and_o perpendicular_a on_o the_o courtine_n if_o they_o cover_v the_o whole_a courtine_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o and_o as_o we_o have_v express_v in_o the_o figure_n their_o defence_n will_v be_v from_o the_o face_n of_o those_o bulwork_n that_o the_o courtine_n lie_v betwixt_o if_o it_o do_v not_o cover_v the_o whole_a courtine_n as_o other_o will_v have_v it_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o side_n will_v be_v the_o great_a to_o wit_n both_o from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwork_n and_o from_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n betwixt_o the_o horn-work_n and_o the_o courtine_n there_o be_v common_o raise_v a_o raveline_n nay_o before_o the_o work_n itself_o betwixt_o each_o of_o its_o horn_n a_o raveline_n or_o rather_o a_o halfmoon_n may_v be_v build_v to_o conclude_v you_o will_v add_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o strength_n to_o this_o work_n if_o you_o make_v some_o retrenchment_n but_o of_o that_o afterward_o iii_o its_o delineation_n 1._o let_v there_o be_v draw_v two_o parallel_n e_z i_o f_o k_o for_o the_o side_n of_o the_o horn-work_n from_o the_o out-brestwork_a towards_o the_o field_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o if_o they_o be_v produce_v towards_o the_o main_a work_n they_o may_v fall_v in_o a_o strait_a line_n with_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwork_n or_o if_o you_o desire_v a_o less_o breadth_n for_o the_o horn-work_n let_v they_o fall_v within_o the_o flanque_n on_o the_o courtine_n itself_o but_o the_o end_n of_o these_o side_n must_v not_o be_v above_o musquet-shot_a from_o the_o rampar_n wherefore_o they_o must_v not_o run_v beyond_o the_o rampar_n above_o sixty_o rhynland_a perch_n yet_o these_o sixty_o rhynland_a perch_n use_v to_o be_v count_v from_o the_o out-brestwork_a that_o so_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n may_v be_v the_o more_o infest_a join_v e_o f_o on_o which_o make_v the_o angle_n f_o e_o g_o e_o f_o h_n twenty_o five_o degree_n each_o then_o bisect_v one_o of_o these_o f_o e_o g_o with_o the_o right_a line_n e_o l_o meeting_n with_o f_o h_n in_o c_z then_z from_z e_z g_z cut_z off_z e_z d_o equal_a to_o f_o c_o so_fw-mi will_v f_o c_o e_o d_o be_v the_o face_n of_o the_o half_a bulwork_n 3._o from_o the_o point_n d_o and_o c_o draw_v d_o a_n and_o c_o b_o equal_a and_o parallel_v to_o e_o i_o and_o f_o k_n for_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o horn_n and_o join_v the_o courtine_n a_o b_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o flanque_n d_o a_n and_o c_o b_o to_o the_o face_n will_v be_v almost_o the_o same_o as_o use_v to_o be_v in_o regular_a fortification_n also_o after_o this_o manner_n follow_v the_o capital_a and_o gorge_n line_n the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n will_v be_v with_o more_o ease_n determine_v for_o ⅓_n of_o e_o f_o give_v the_o capital_n e_o n_n and_o f_o m_o also_o ⅓_n of_o m_o n_n or_o e_o f_o give_v the_o gorge_n line_n n_o at_fw-fr m_o b_o and_o there_o remain_v for_o the_o courtine_n a_o b_o also_o ⅓_n the_o right_a line_n m_o e_z n_o f_o will_v determine_v the_o length_n of_o the_o flanque_n raise_v from_o a_o and_o b_o and_o so_o also_o the_o face_n e_o d_o f_o c_o will_v be_v find_v these_o thing_n be_v do_v a_o horn-work_n be_v delineate_v such_o as_o use_n to_o be_v stretch_v before_o the_o courtine_n in_o a_o regular_a fortification_n the_o delineation_n of_o the_o rest_n will_v be_v perform_v almost_o by_o the_o like_a method_n have_v always_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o place_n note_n that_o here_o be_v a_o twofold_a practice_n in_o build_v horn-work_n 1._o that_o the_o courtine_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o face_n 2._o the_o face_n by_o the_o courtine_n iv_o its_o use_n if_o ravelin_n halfmoon_n and_o horn-work_n be_v build_v about_o a_o fortify_v place_n the_o fortification_n be_v account_v most_o complete_a and_o perfect_a who_o use_n consist_v most_o in_o this_o 1._o they_o keep_v off_o the_o enemy_n far_o from_o the_o fortification_n 2._o they_o be_v take_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n for_o they_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o courtine_n from_o the_o bulwork_n and_o from_o the_o adjacent_a work_n and_o some_o line_n from_o the_o out-brestwork_a itself_o 3._o be_v take_v and_o possess_v they_o can_v hardly_o be_v keep_v because_o they_o lie_v open_a towards_o the_o fortification_n 4._o horn-work_n be_v most_o destructive_a to_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o under_o their_o shelter_n the_o besiege_a may_v work_v counter_a as_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v etc._n etc._n prop._n iu._n of_o the_o have_v in_o french_a tenaile_n i._o their_o definition_n and_o kind_n they_o be_v outwork_n that_o differ_v from_o horn-work_n almost_o only_o in_o this_o that_o instead_o of_o two_o half_a bulwork_n they_o have_v only_o a_o external_a angle_n and_o this_o sort_n be_v call_v the_o single_a one_o it_o it_o call_v the_o double_a one_o when_o it_o have_v two_o outward_a angle_n with_o one_o inward_a the_o twelve_o figure_n show_v the_o single_a one_o the_o thirteen_o the_o double_a one_o now_o this_o outward_a angle_n be_v that_o which_o be_v without_o the_o figure_n and_o who_o side_n incline_v inward_o the_o inward_a be_v that_o which_o be_v within_o the_o figure_n with_o its_o side_n run_v outward_a ii_o their_o place_n the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o horn-work_n yet_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v expedient_a to_o lay_v they_o before_o bulwork_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n of_o which_o num._n 4._o iii_o its_o delineation_n 12._o fig._n 12._o you_o must_v describe_v a_o single_a one_o after_o this_o manner_n draw_v the_o side_n a_o c_o b_o d_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o delineation_n of_o horn-work_n which_o be_v already_o prescribe_v unless_o these_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v short_a viz._n than_o forty_o or_o fifty_o perch_n 2._o join_v c_o d_o which_o bisect_v in_o f_o and_o from_o f_o let_v fall_v the_o perpendicular_a f_o e_o equal_a to_o ¼_n of_o c_o d_o and_o join_v c_o e_z and_z d_o e_z so_o have_v you_o the_o simple_a external_a angle_n 13._o fig._n 13._o draw_v the_o double_a one_o after_o this_o manner_n have_v draw_v the_o side_n a_o c_o b_o d_o as_o above_z join_v c_o d_o which_o be_v bisect_v in_o g_o from_z g_z raise_v the_o perpendicular_a g_o e_z equal_a to_o ¼_n of_o c_o d_o and_o join_v c_o e_z and_z d_o e._n 2._o produce_v e_z g_o to_o f_o till_o g_o f_o be_v the_o half_a of_o g_z e_z and_o the_o right_a line_n c_o e_o d_o e_o be_v bisect_v in_o k_o and_o h_n join_v f_o k_o and_o f_o h_n so_o will_v a_o c_o k_n f_o h_o d_o b_o be_v the_o double_a have_v or_o double_a external_a angle_n iv_o its_o strength_n and_o use_n they_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o horn-work_n insomuch_o that_o they_o seem_v only_o then_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o when_o some_o sudden_a occasion_n urge_v moreover_o the_o defect_n of_o these_o have_v and_o of_o all_o external_a angle_n be_v this_o that_o about_o its_o very_a angle_n it_o afford_v the_o enemy_n a_o certain_a quadrangular_a space_n within_o which_o he_o need_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o defendant_n this_o space_n be_v determine_v if_o the_o outward_a sloap_a surface_n of_o the_o brestwork_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v produce_v till_o it_o cut_v the_o field_n its_o capacity_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o twenty_o three_o rhynland_a perch_n which_o will_v be_v easy_o compute_v since_o then_o this_o sort_n of_o building_n be_v so_o much_o against_o the_o first_o law_n of_o architecture_n it_o will_v be_v almost_o necessary_a to_o raise_v a_o raveline_n before_o it_o the_o double_a have_v since_o they_o have_v a_o double_a external_a angle_n k_o and_o h_n will_v likewise_o double_a the_o defect_n already_o speak_v of_o wherefore_o they_o be_v less_o use_v prop._n v._o of_o the_o crownwork_n i._o its_o definition_n that_o work_n be_v call_v a_o crownwork_n that_o have_v on_o both_o side_n two_o half_a bulwork_n 14._o fig._n 14._o and_o in_o the_o middle_a one_o or_o more_o whole_a one_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o some_o regular_a fortification_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v this_o name_n give_v it_o because_o it_o do_v as_o it_o be_v encompass_v part_n of_o the_o fortification_n ii_o its_o place_n be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o horn-work_n though_o the_o crownwork_n can_v cover_v more_o of_o the_o fortification_n than_o the_o horn-work_n and_o sometime_o they_o be_v draw_v about_o horn-work_n their_o chief_a use_n be_v to_o enclose_v neighbour_a place_n that_o may_v inse_v the_o town_n as_o hill_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o prevent_v the_o enemy_n iii_o