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behind_o another_o chequerwise_a and_o here_o the_o objection_n mention_v before_o that_o a_o enemy_n may_v easy_o enter_v at_o these_o wide_a interval_n and_o charge_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o brigade_n in_o battle_n must_v be_v answer_v ordnance_n interval_n defend_v by_o ordnance_n that_o these_o interval_n be_v defend_v with_o great_a and_o small_a piece_n of_o ordnance_n suppose_v every_o one_o of_o they_o with_o four_o great_a and_o lesser_a piece_n or_o with_o three_o according_a as_o the_o train_n be_v great_a or_o small_a and_o if_o that_o do_v not_o the_o deed_n or_o that_o any_o of_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n begin_v to_o shrink_v or_o reel_v than_o that_o brigade_n of_o the_o reserve_v that_o be_v behind_o the_o interval_n in_o danger_n shall_v be_v order_v speedy_o to_o advance_v and_o possess_v it_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o
can_v be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n but_o he_o conclude_v at_o eight_o deep_a eight_o hundred_o horse_n will_v take_v up_o in_o deep_a persian_a horse_n eight_o deep_a front_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v one_o furlong_n and_o consequent_o eight_o thousand_o horse_n need_v to_o have_v for_o their_o front_n twelve_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pace_n that_o be_v ten_o furlong_n and_o therefore_o darius_n his_o thirty_o thousand_o horse_n be_v eight_o deep_a will_v in_o front_n have_v possess_v of_o ground_n four_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o eighty_o six_o pace_n more_o than_o thirty_o seven_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n and_o these_o will_v make_v more_o than_o four_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o as_o much_o ground_n calisthenes_n must_v have_v allow_v to_o his_o mercenary_n observe_v here_o that_o polybius_n allow_v for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n in_o front_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v more_o than_o six_o foot_n for_o a_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o for_o distance_n between_o he_o and_o his_o side-man_n but_o if_o polybius_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v marshal_v eight_o be_v we_o know_v not_o how_o deep_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v deep_a than_o vegetius_n his_o thirty_o two_o rider_n will_v do_v better_a than_o polybius_n his_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n because_o thirty_o two_o will_v make_v four_o file_n complete_o whereas_o thirty_o make_v but_o three_o file_n of_o eight_o and_o a_o break_a one_o of_o six_o in_o such_o a_o mist_n do_v these_o two_o great_a master_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n leave_v we_o out_o of_o which_o neither_o accurate_a lipsius_n or_o any_o other_o of_o my_o read_n have_v offer_v to_o guide_v we_o i_o conceive_v according_a to_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n ten_o deep_a might_n hauâ—_n do_v well_o and_o who_o can_v tell_v but_o polybius_n mean_v so_o when_o he_o appoint_v three_o decurion_n to_o be_v file-leader_n and_o three_o agminis_fw-la or_o turma_fw-la coactores_fw-la to_o be_v bringer_n up_o but_o that_o be_v indeed_o too_o many_o it_o make_v the_o longitude_n or_o front_n so_o small_a as_o render_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o be_v environ_v or_o surround_v in_o these_o very_a ancient_a time_n many_o nation_n fight_v on_o horse_n neither_o horse_n unbridle_a &_o unsaddle_v horse_n bridle_v nor_o saddle_v and_o some_o have_v saddle_n but_o no_o bridle_n hence_o we_o read_v that_o the_o african_n especial_o the_o numidian_n divide_v their_o cavalry_n in_o fraenatos_n &_o infranatos_n equos_fw-la into_o bridle_v and_o unbridle_a horse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o read_v in_o livy_n with_o what_o dexterity_n and_o agility_n these_o unbridled_a horse_n be_v rule_v and_o manage_v by_o the_o hand_n the_o foot_n or_o rod_n of_o a_o rider_n some_o again_o have_v bridle_n for_o their_o horse_n but_o no_o saddle_n so_o have_v the_o german_n who_o laugh_v at_o the_o roman_n as_o soft_a and_o effeminate_a for_o ride_v on_o saddle_n and_o yet_o these_o very_a saddle_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o cover_v make_v of_o some_o piece_n of_o cloth_n or_o stuff_n rich_a or_o mean_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o rider_n or_o at_o best_o of_o some_o bundle_n tie_v together_o for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o horseman_n without_o either_o iron_n or_o timber_n in_o it_o as_o our_o saddle_n have_v neither_o have_v any_o of_o they_o ancient_a saddle_n not_o ancient_a any_o stirrup_n to_o ease_v the_o rider_n leg_n for_o these_o come_v first_o in_o fashion_n in_o nero_n time_n if_o lipsius_n his_o observation_n hold_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o be_v use_v before_o be_v but_o a_o ladder_n of_o cord_n wood_n or_o iron_n to_o help_v the_o horseman_n to_o mount_v his_o horse_n if_o he_o be_v age_a indispose_a sick_a or_o lame_a and_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v on_o horseback_n the_o ladder_n be_v remove_v perhaps_o not_o unlike_a to_o those_o iron_n ladder_n of_o two_o or_o three_o step_n high_a use_v over_o all_o the_o netherlands_o for_o passenger_n to_o get_v up_o to_o their_o wagon_n history_n tell_v we_o that_o masinissa_n king_n of_o numidia_n when_o he_o be_v fourscore_o year_n old_a or_o near_o that_o age_n can_v mount_v his_o horse_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o stirrup_n or_o ladder_n and_o certain_o not_o only_o the_o roman_n but_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v teach_v to_o get_v on_o horseback_n without_o any_o of_o they_o as_o now_o youth_n be_v teach_v in_o academy_n and_o do_v ride_v inure_v to_o it_o by_o custom_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n without_o stirrup_n as_o we_o do_v now_o with_o they_o the_o roman_n sometime_o cause_v their_o cavalry_n to_o unbridle_v their_o horse_n to_o horse_n to_o charge_v with_o unbridle_a horse_n make_v a_o furious_a charge_n which_o often_o succeed_v well_o livy_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n say_v it_o be_v practise_v against_o the_o volscian_n with_o success_n and_o in_o his_o forty_o book_n he_o give_v we_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o celtiberian_n fight_v in_o spain_n against_o the_o roman_a praetor_n fulvius_n wherein_o the_o roman_n be_v very_o near_a worsted_n the_o enemy_n have_v cast_v himself_o in_o a_o wedge_n at_o which_o manner_n of_o fight_n he_o be_v think_v almost_o invincible_a bear_v down_o all_o before_o he_o till_o the_o praetor_n tell_v his_o horseman_n that_o charge_v desperate_o on_o unbridled_a horse_n may_v recover_v the_o victory_n for_o say_v he_o formerly_z such_o a_o practice_n have_v produce_v good_a effect_n the_o cavalry_n obey_v his_o order_n and_o by_o a_o furious_a charge_n with_o lance_n rout_v the_o celtiberian_n such_o a_o command_n in_o our_o time_n will_v be_v account_v both_o unpracticable_a and_o ridiculous_a yet_o we_o may_v believe_v that_o horse_n be_v so_o teach_v and_o manage_v then_o that_o they_o will_v obey_v their_o master_n without_o bridle_n and_o this_o we_o may_v suppose_v not_o to_o be_v impossible_a the_o rider_n make_v use_n of_o his_o hand_n but_o true_o i_o think_v it_o something_o strange_a to_o read_v that_o julius_n caesar_n can_v ride_v great_a horseman_n julius_n caesar_n a_o expert_a horseman_n horse_n without_o a_o bridle_n at_o the_o full_a gallop_n with_o his_o hand_n clasp_v together_o behind_o his_o back_n sometime_o the_o roman_a general_n when_o they_o see_v a_o enemy_n prevail_v have_v bring_v their_o cavalry_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o to_o the_o place_n of_o danger_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o fight_v afoot_a with_o their_o sword_n this_o both_o reinforce_v the_o battle_n and_o mighty_o encourage_v the_o foot_n by_o see_v that_o those_o who_o may_v have_v save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n resolve_v to_o live_v and_o die_v with_o they_o author_n do_v not_o inform_v we_o how_o they_o dispose_v of_o their_o horse_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o foot_n combat_n but_o i_o shall_v imagine_v they_o do_v not_o let_v they_o go_v whither_o they_o please_v but_o either_o appoint_v their_o servant_n if_o they_o have_v any_o or_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o look_v after_o they_o and_o i_o suppose_v also_o they_o alight_v before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v for_o shun_v confusion_n and_o put_v their_o own_o foot_n in_o disorder_n caesar_n before_o he_o begin_v his_o battle_n with_o the_o swisser_n make_v all_o his_o horseman_n dismount_v and_o appoint_v they_o their_o fooâ—_n horseman_n fight_v on_o fooâ—_n station_n where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v afoot_a and_o to_o show_v they_o a_o good_a example_n he_o alight_v first_o himself_n and_o send_v away_o all_o the_o horse_n a_o good_a way_n from_o his_o army_n thereby_o to_o encourage_v his_o legionary_a foot_n and_o make_v his_o horseman_n know_v that_o their_o safety_n depend_v only_o on_o their_o own_o valour_n but_o i_o believe_v he_o give_v order_n that_o the_o horse_n shall_v be_v bring_v back_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v perceive_v to_o fly_v for_o we_o find_v he_o and_o his_o cavalry_n be_v soon_o remount_v and_o follow_v the_o chase_n very_o far_o and_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v believe_v also_o that_o he_o keep_v some_o on_o horseback_n by_o he_o to_o carry_v all_o the_o direction_n he_o give_v to_o the_o several_a body_n of_o his_o army_n in_o time_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o himself_o fight_v on_o foot_n can_v not_o perform_v gracchus_n betray_v by_o his_o host_n be_v environ_v by_o a_o ambush_n of_o hannibalians_n alight_v and_o fight_v well_o for_o his_o life_n though_o he_o lose_v it_o but_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v rather_o have_v hazard_v to_o break_v through_o on_o horseback_n to_o get_v to_o his_o own_o party_n which_o be_v not_o far_o off_o since_o death_n will_v still_o have_v be_v
conceive_v his_o work_n to_o be_v for_o my_o part_n i_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o in_o history_n it_o be_v promiscuous_o take_v for_o the_o sound_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o instrument_n one_o or_o many_o either_o trumpet_n or_o horn_n they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o all_o bank_n and_o proclamation_n the_o classicum_fw-la be_v a_o ensign_n of_o supreme_a command_v for_o by_o it_o all_o the_o emergent_a and_o occasionary_a order_n of_o the_o general_n be_v promulgate_v and_o by_o it_o both_o officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v call_v together_o to_o hear_v the_o commander_n in_o chief_n pleasure_n make_v know_v to_o they_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v like_a it_o have_v its_o derivation_n because_o by_o it_o the_o three_o class_n of_o hastati_fw-la principâ—s_fw-la and_o triarii_n be_v call_v together_o to_o name_n whence_o â—â—â—â—d_n â—ts_v name_n hear_v those_o harangue_n and_o oration_n which_o frequent_o the_o consul_n utter_v in_o their_o tribunal_n or_o pulpit_n whether_o 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scipio_n pompey_n father-in-law_n come_v with_o his_o legion_n out_o of_o asia_n and_o join_v with_o he_o in_o thessaly_n pompey_n order_v a_o praetorium_n to_o be_v erect_v for_o he_o and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o classicum_fw-la i_o suppose_v a_o knitchel_n of_o rod_n and_o axe_n too_o though_o caesar_n do_v not_o mention_v the_o last_o in_o his_o commentary_n as_o the_o trumpet_n be_v of_o brass_n so_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o cornu_fw-la and_o buccina_fw-la be_v make_v of_o brass_n too_o and_o all_o the_o three_o who_o sound_v or_o wind_v they_o be_v call_v aeneatores_fw-la every_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o every_o maniple_n if_o not_o aeneatores_fw-la aeneatores_fw-la every_o century_n of_o foot_n have_v one_o either_o a_o trumpet_n or_o a_o horn_n or_o both_o i_o find_v not_o that_o these_o trumpeter_n and_o horn-blowers_a have_v any_o great_a allowance_n of_o wage_n proviant_a or_o fodder_n for_o either_o themselves_o or_o horse_n than_o other_o horseman_n and_o footman_n have_v for_o with_o the_o first_o they_o ride_v on_o horseback_n and_o with_o the_o second_o they_o march_v on_o foot_n at_o any_o time_n perhaps_o have_v spend_v much_o of_o their_o breath_n in_o sound_v and_o blow_v they_o be_v ease_v from_o other_o work_n of_o toil_n and_o labour_n and_o those_o be_v not_o a_o few_o whether_o the_o buccina_fw-la be_v sound_v or_o rather_o wind_v at_o the_o relief_n of_o every_o guard_n as_o polybius_n say_v it_o be_v shall_v be_v speak_v of_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o guard_n and_o round_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o roman_a pay_n proviant_a and_o donative_n it_o be_v report_v of_o that_o brave_a athenian_a themistocles_n that_o he_o affirm_v whoever_o will_v shape_v or_o form_v the_o great_a monster_n of_o war_n right_o must_v begin_v with_o his_o belly_n and_o therefore_o before_o we_o join_v our_o horse_n and_o foot_n together_o we_o must_v see_v how_o they_o shall_v be_v maintain_v the_o roman_n be_v a_o frugal_a people_n till_o their_o successful_a war_n make_v their_o city_n the_o treasure-house_n of_o the_o world_n riches_n the_o pay_v they_o they_o allow_v their_o soldier_n be_v spare_v enough_o but_o vegetius_n tell_v we_o not_o what_o it_o be_v i_o find_v that_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n the_o horseman_n serve_v on_o their_o own_o charge_n they_o may_v do_v it_o the_o better_a for_o though_o their_o achievement_n be_v often_o honourable_a enough_o yet_o their_o expedition_n be_v but_o short_a for_o either_o upon_o a_o victory_n or_o a_o rout_n they_o hasten_v back_o to_o the_o city_n but_o after_o the_o senate_n begin_v to_o look_v far_o beyond_o their_o ancient_a limit_n wage_n be_v allow_v out_o of_o the_o public_a treasury_n for_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n polybius_n in_o his_o six_o book_n inform_v we_o that_o a_o foot_n soldier_n proviant_a roman_n wage_n and_o proviant_a have_v the_o allowance_n of_o two_o oboli_fw-la a_o day_n both_o which_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o 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point_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o last_o for_o upon_o the_o one_o hand_n i_o think_v it_o agree_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o praetorian_a port_n shall_v have_v be_v near_a the_o enemy_n as_o out_o of_o which_o the_o army_n be_v to_o march_v in_o quest_n of_o that_o enemy_n and_o no_o doubt_n the_o consul_n will_v choose_v to_o lodge_v as_o near_o the_o enemy_n as_o he_o can_v and_o on_o the_o head_n of_o that_o army_n of_o his_o own_o which_o face_v constant_o towards_o the_o enemy_n since_o he_o do_v not_o quarter_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o army_n and_o conform_v to_o this_o we_o find_v the_o front_n of_o lipsius_n reason_n for_o lipsius_n the_o several_a quarter_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n that_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n to_o face_n all_o towards_o the_o praetorium_n and_o via_fw-la principalis_fw-la on_o the_o other_o side_n whereof_o be_v the_o tribune_n quarter_v neither_o do_v it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o the_o consul_n and_o 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of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o men._n i_o find_v their_o tent_n be_v make_v of_o leather_n for_o hold_v out_o of_o rain_n and_o be_v carry_v at_o the_o public_a charge_n terduzzi_n say_v they_o be_v low_a and_o flat_a and_o he_o call_v they_o in_o his_o italian_a language_n trabacche_n which_o be_v booth_n or_o shelter_n in_o this_o place_n lipsius_n offer_v to_o fill_v up_o a_o corner_n of_o their_o tent_n with_o a_o vas_n so_o he_o call_v it_o a_o vessel_n or_o a_o tub_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v but_o the_o tale_n of_o a_o tub_n to_o say_v no_o worse_o of_o it_o wherein_o he_o will_v have_v the_o roman_a soldier_n to_o do_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n he_o say_v it_o be_v but_o his_o own_o conjecture_n and_o true_o it_o be_v so_o poor_a a_o one_o that_o he_o may_v have_v keep_v it_o to_o himself_o and_o the_o tub_n too_o for_o who_o will_v imagine_v except_o lipsius_n that_o the_o contubernals_n do_v make_v one_o of_o these_o vessel_n at_o every_o night_n leaguer_n or_o else_o 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it_o may_v be_v infer_v first_o that_o marry_a woman_n be_v still_o keep_v in_o the_o camp_n and_o second_o that_o whore_n have_v be_v permit_v to_o be_v in_o it_o before_o scipio_n reformation_n he_o bold_o aver_v that_o the_o latin_a word_n scorta_fw-la in_o that_o place_n be_v not_o take_v for_o whore_n but_o for_o viri_fw-la mulierosi_fw-la whether_o the_o word_n will_v admit_v that_o interpretation_n extravagant_a lipsius_n extravagant_a i_o dare_v not_o dispute_v with_o lipsius_n who_o boccalini_n stage_v in_o parnassus_n confess_v that_o he_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o mere_a and_o a_o pure_a grammarian_n but_o i_o can_v understand_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o his_o viri_fw-la mulierosi_fw-la if_o not_o those_o who_o we_o call_v sodomite_n or_o bugger_n and_o if_o so_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o these_o be_v either_o allow_v of_o or_o connive_v at_o before_o scipio_n reform_v that_o sinful_a abuse_n and_o this_o perhaps_o give_v occasion_n to_o a_o poet_n wish_v romanis_n utinam_fw-la patuissent_fw-la castra_fw-la puellis_fw-la since_o nature_n law_n must_v be_v obey_v or_o man_n will_v go_v astray_o why_o do_v you_o woman_n than_o command_v out_o of_o your_o camp_n to_o stay_v and_o if_o this_o be_v lipsius_n his_o meaning_n than_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o ancient_a roman_n who_o glory_v so_o much_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o moral_a virtue_n owe_v he_o the_o lie_n i_o suppose_v he_o forget_v here_o what_o a_o little_a before_o he_o have_v tell_v we_o in_o that_o same_o book_n out_o of_o tacitus_n that_o a_o lascivious_a woman_n be_v find_v in_o carnal_a act_n with_o a_o soldier_n in_o the_o principal_a street_n which_o be_v account_v holy_a because_o their_o altar_n be_v erect_v in_o it_o neither_o do_v the_o historian_n complain_v that_o a_o woman_n be_v in_o the_o camp_n or_o
fill_v up_o their_o room_n and_o to_o support_v and_o sustain_v those_o who_o be_v advance_v in_o case_n of_o a_o retreat_n livy_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o thirteen_o book_n that_o manlius_n be_v accuse_v at_o rome_n by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n for_o keep_v weak_a guard_n without_o his_o leaguer_n and_o that_o they_o attribute_v the_o loss_n of_o both_o camp_n and_o army_n to_o that_o it_o be_v death_n for_o any_o man_n of_o what_o degree_n or_o quality_n so_o ever_o to_o desert_n or_o leave_v his_o station_n let_v the_o pretext_n be_v never_o so_o plausible_a or_o advantageous_a livy_n in_o his_o death_n desertion_n of_o a_o station_n death_n four_o book_n say_v that_o he_o read_v it_o in_o the_o roman_a annal_n that_o the_o dictator_n posthumius_fw-la put_v his_o own_o son_n aulus_n posthumius_fw-la to_o death_n for_o advance_v beyond_o his_o station_n though_o thereby_o he_o gain_v a_o advantage_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o though_o that_o author_n write_v that_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v it_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v true_a for_o all_o that_o lipsâ—â—s_o commend_v much_o the_o roman_a custom_n of_o have_v four_o soldier_n on_o one_o post_n and_o for_o not_o commit_v the_o keep_n of_o it_o to_o one_o centinel_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v now_o to_o have_v but_o one_o man_n at_o every_o port_n of_o a_o town_n but_o this_o bookish_a man_n be_v so_o much_o take_v up_o with_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n that_o he_o study_v but_o little_a the_o practice_n guard_n mistake_v of_o lipsius_n of_o the_o modern_a guard_n of_o the_o modern_a for_o i_o dare_v be_v bind_v for_o it_o that_o in_o the_o country_n where_o he_o live_v he_o never_o see_v a_o centinel_n at_o a_o port_n of_o a_o town_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o corpse_n du_fw-fr guard_n close_o by_o of_o more_o than_o four_o soldier_n though_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o stand_v all_o centinel_n at_o one_o time_n more_o than_o the_o roman_a quaternio_fw-la be_v whereof_o only_o one_o 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or_o parade_n unless_o they_o be_v so_o strong_a and_o in_o so_o good_a order_n and_o posture_n that_o the_o sight_n of_o they_o may_v serve_v to_o terrify_v a_o enemy_n scipio_n the_o african_a in_o time_n of_o a_o treaty_n with_o syphax_n and_o asâ—râ—bal_n have_v by_o his_o commission_n sufficient_o spy_v the_o posture_n of_o their_o guard_n and_o weakness_n of_o their_o camp_n sudden_o break_v off_o the_o treaty_n set_v upon_o they_o burn_v their_o leaguer_n and_o destroy_v forty_o thousand_o of_o their_o man_n in_o this_o the_o roman_a general_n make_v no_o breach_n of_o faith_n nor_o promise_n but_o make_v a_o more_o prudent_a use_n of_o the_o treaty_n than_o the_o enemy_n do_v treaty_n promise_n and_o article_n shall_v be_v religious_o observe_v but_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o prudent_a mistrust_n often_o necessary_a for_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n be_v desperate_o wicked_a and_o deceitful_a above_o all_o thing_n who_o can_v know_v it_o and_o here_o the_o old_a lesson_n disce_fw-la 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design_n to_o pick_v quarrel_n or_o to_o lay_v hold_n on_o any_o small_a emergent_a article_n no_o quarrel_n to_o be_v pick_v out_o of_o article_n that_o may_v seem_v to_o give_v the_o contract_a party_n any_o ombrage_n or_o occasion_n of_o break_v this_o have_v be_v too_o often_o practise_v in_o our_o modern_a war_n nor_o do_v some_o of_o the_o ancient_n fail_v to_o help_v themselves_o with_o base_a fetch_n take_v two_o or_o three_o instance_n at_o pilos_fw-la the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v beat_v at_o sea_n by_o the_o athenian_n and_o four_o hundred_o of_o they_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o barren_a island_n likely_a to_o be_v starve_v a_o agreement_n be_v make_v the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v to_o deliver_v up_o their_o ship_n a_o final_a peace_n be_v to_o be_v conclude_v and_o those_o in_o the_o island_n be_v to_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o if_o any_o one_o article_n happen_v to_o be_v infringe_v than_o all_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v void_a and_o if_o the_o people_n of_o athens_n who_o 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sign_v the_o article_n prisoner_n to_o the_o samnite_n a_o subterfuge_n which_o do_v not_o quadrate_n with_o the_o justice_n to_o which_o they_o pretend_v yet_o it_o be_v such_o usage_n as_o be_v foretell_v to_o the_o samnite_n by_o their_o old_a general_n herennius_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o corcyrian_o who_o seditious_o have_v leave_v the_o town_n take_v arm_n and_o spoil_v the_o adjacent_a country_n be_v rout_v by_o the_o athenian_n they_o come_v to_o a_o parley_n and_o it_o be_v agree_v first_o they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o all_o their_o arm_n second_o all_o their_o auxiliary_n and_o three_o they_o shall_v remain_v faithful_a prisoner_n till_o the_o people_n of_o athens_n give_v judgement_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o but_o still_o provide_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v deliver_v to_o their_o merciless_a countryman_n the_o corcyrian_o athenian_n perfidy_n of_o the_o athenian_n but_o this_o be_v the_o athenian_n grand_a design_n and_o therefore_o a_o article_n be_v shuffle_v in_o that_o if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o condition_n be_v break_v all_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v void_a then_o be_v some_o corcyrian_o send_v to_o the_o prisoner_n who_o counterfeit_v themselves_o friend_n advise_v they_o to_o escape_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n offer_v they_o a_o ship_n the_o infatuate_v people_n lay_v hold_v on_o the_o offer_n and_o sail_n away_o but_o be_v waylay_v be_v easy_o retake_v and_o then_o deliver_v to_o their_o capital_a enemy_n who_o put_v they_o all_o to_o cruel_a death_n a_o execrable_a act_n of_o the_o athenian_n and_o that_o the_o rather_o because_o their_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o school_n wherein_o be_v teach_v the_o moral_a virtue_n i_o will_v not_o speak_v here_o of_o hannibal_n break_v maharbal_n capitulation_n with_o six_o thousand_o roman_n at_o thrasimenus_n but_o shall_v reserve_v it_o till_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o power_n that_o subordinate_a officer_n have_v to_o
to_o be_v these_o which_o follow_v in_o his_o observation_n of_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n of_o both_o the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o sixteen_o rank_n and_o of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o phalange_n first_o advantage_n of_o the_o phalange_n four_o file_n of_o lusty_a well_o arm_v man_n and_o at_o its_o close_a order_n or_o constipation_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v its_o â—orce_n it_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o it_o for_o at_o that_o posture_n every_o combatant_n take_v up_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ground_n and_o suppose_v their_o pike_n but_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o whereas_o the_o sarissas_n be_v twenty_o one_o of_o length_n you_o may_v easy_o compute_v the_o point_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n or_o if_o you_o will_v of_o the_o six_o rank_n to_o extend_v three_o foot_n before_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v enough_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o gracian_a militia_n now_o though_o all_o the_o 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whether_o these_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n and_o overthrow_v it_o as_o often_o it_o do_v i_o shall_v presume_v to_o add_v two_o other_o advantage_n that_o i_o think_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o phalange_n a_o legion_n three_o advantage_n over_o the_o phalange_n the_o phalange_n which_o polybius_n have_v not_o mention_v the_o first_o the_o phalange_n fight_v all_o in_o one_o body_n the_o legion_n in_o three_o body_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o so_o that_o if_o the_o hasâ—aâ—â—_n charge_v brisk_o they_o may_v put_v the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o some_o disorder_n and_o they_o retire_v the_o principes_fw-la find_v it_o in_o some_o discomposure_n may_v disorder_v it_o so_o that_o the_o triarii_n come_v fresh_a to_o the_o charge_n may_v have_v a_o very_a cheap_a market_n of_o it_o the_o second_o advantage_n which_o i_o conceive_v the_o legion_n have_v of_o the_o phalange_n advantage_n a_o legion_n four_o advantage_n be_v in_o its_o large_a front_n which_o i_o offer_v to_o make_v appear_v thus_o the_o great_a phalange_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o heavy_a arm_v these_o marshal_v sixteen_o deep_a and_o so_o their_o front_n consist_v of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o man_n to_o who_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o foot_n for_o they_o to_o stand_v on_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v they_o have_v no_o more_o but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a allow_v between_o file_n and_o therefore_o for_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o file_n allow_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o three_o distance_n and_o for_o these_o fifteen_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a add_v these_o the_o aggregate_v be_v two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o eight_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a thus_o much_o ground_n and_o no_o more_o do_v the_o phalange_n take_v up_o in_o its_o longitude_n when_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o legion_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o body_n who_o be_v 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since_o their_o first_o foot_n in_o germany_n have_v have_v artillery_n swedish_n train_n of_o artillery_n the_o reputation_n to_o be_v the_o most_o exact_o compose_v and_o conduct_v by_o the_o most_o experiment_a artist_n of_o any_o in_o christendom_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o their_o artillery_n help_v they_o much_o to_o take_v so_o deep_a a_o foot_n in_o germany_n that_o they_o have_v not_o be_v since_o expel_v out_o of_o it_o though_o that_o have_v be_v much_o endeavour_v when_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n invade_v poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o the_o perfidy_n of_o the_o polonian_n be_v such_o that_o they_o deliver_v almost_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o after_o they_o have_v return_v to_o their_o duty_n and_o that_o the_o swede_n be_v at_o zamoiskie_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o it_o be_v by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o artillery_n whereof_o john_n casimir_n be_v destitute_a that_o the_o swedish_n king_n traverse_v much_o of_o the_o length_n of_o poland_n 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master_n of_o their_o artillery_n who_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o it_o which_o i_o have_v also_o make_v appear_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n but_o since_o the_o invention_n trust_n his_o trust_n of_o gunpowder_n the_o charge_n of_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n have_v be_v look_v on_o as_o most_o honourable_a as_o it_o indeed_o deserve_v to_o be_v and_o with_o none_o more_o than_o with_o we_o in_o scotland_n and_o be_v always_o confer_v by_o our_o king_n on_o person_n of_o eminent_a note_n and_o quality_n james_n the_o five_o king_n of_o scotland_n make_v the_o gentleman_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o mother_n margaret_n daughter_n to_o henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n lord_n of_o meffen_n and_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n of_o scotland_n as_o lesly_n bishop_n of_o rosse_n that_o active_a and_o loyal_a servant_n to_o his_o mistress_n queen_n mary_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o nine_o book_n of_o his_o history_n in_o these_o word_n in_o 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you_o there_o be_v two_o qualification_n absolute_o necessary_a for_o he_o these_o be_v to_o be_v a_o good_a mathematician_n and_o to_o be_v something_o if_o not_o right_a much_o experiment_a in_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o gunner_n art_n he_o must_v be_v of_o a_o good_a judgement_n and_o a_o very_a ready_a dispatch_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o part_n and_o ability_n which_o some_o require_v in_o he_o alone_o i_o think_v he_o may_v divide_v among_o those_o who_o be_v under_o his_o command_n his_o great_a command_n command_n and_o authority_n who_o true_o be_v right_v many_o as_o the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o ordnance_n two_o colonel_n if_o not_o more_o lieutenant-colonel_n captain_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o ordnance_n master_n gunner_n and_o all_o inferior_a gunner_n conductor_n and_o comptroller_n engineer_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o fortification_n master_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o mineer_v under_o he_o master_n of_o the_o artificial_a fire_n and_o his_o conductor_n and_o 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it_o but_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o affirmative_a i_o
in_o other_o place_n general_n rumour_n master_n general_n be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v learn_v his_o charge_n be_v to_o ride_v with_o a_o guard_n of_o horse_n and_o some_o hangman_n on_o the_o van_n and_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n and_o in_o a_o retreat_n in_o the_o rear_n to_o save_v all_o the_o several_a quarter_n and_o country_n from_o be_v pillage_v or_o plunder_v and_o the_o country_n people_n from_o be_v wrong_v and_o many_o time_n he_o be_v command_v to_o use_n summary_n justice_n and_o execution_n on_o the_o offender_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v take_v but_o for_o most_o part_n only_o to_o apprehend_v they_o and_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o marshal_n general_n the_o law_n and_o article_n of_o war_n of_o every_o prince_n and_o state_n ought_v to_o be_v promulgate_v to_o all_o the_o army_n and_o read_v over_o to_o every_o particular_a regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n every_o month_n or_o at_o least_o every_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n that_o none_o may_v 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officer_n suppose_v sergeant_n and_o corporal_n ought_v to_o be_v choose_v â—o_o sit_v as_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n what_o it_o be_v to_o judge_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o reason_n for_o i_o have_v see_v many_o of_o they_o in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o world_n who_o think_v they_o give_v their_o verdict_n like_o wise_a man_n and_o gallant_a fellow_n even_o when_o article_n of_o war_n be_v clear_a when_o by_o their_o sentence_n they_o refer_v a_o offender_n guilty_a of_o a_o capital_a crime_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o lord_n general_n or_o the_o colonel_n the_o french_a council_n of_o war_n now_o may_v consist_v of_o seven_o officer_n and_o in_o they_o lieutenant_n sublieutenant_n and_o ensign_n must_v only_o stand_v with_o their_o hat_n off_o but_o give_v no_o sentence_n chap._n x._o of_o exercise_v drilling_n and_o training_n the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o the_o infantry_n have_v levy_v and_o arm_v our_o soldier_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o sufficient_o entertain_v they_o with_o goodly_a promise_n of_o pay_n proviant_a service_n and_o free_a quarter_n and_o show_v they_o under_o what_o law_n and_o discipline_n they_o be_v to_o live_v it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o teach_v they_o the_o duty_n of_o soldier_n and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o exercise_v and_o drilling_n they_o what_o kind_n of_o exercise_n officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v inure_v to_o in_o ancient_a time_n have_v be_v abundant_o tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o gracian_a and_o roman_a art_n of_o war._n wrestle_a run_v leap_v swim_v all_o which_o harden_v and_o enable_v a_o man_n body_n and_o render_v the_o soldier_n active_a and_o dexterous_a in_o battle_n at_o storm_n and_o assault_n in_o pursuit_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o sometime_o in_o flight_n to_o save_v his_o own_o life_n be_v the_o duty_n impose_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o to_o they_o proper_o belong_v call_v exercise_n proper_o so_o call_v the_o word_n of_o exercise_n but_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n be_v now_o rather_o permit_v than_o command_v the_o use_v the_o spade_n and_o mattock_n in_o make_v rampart_n and_o ditch_n build_v wall_n sconce_n fort_n and_o castle_n constant_o practise_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n by_o the_o ancient_n especial_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o now_o at_o all_o thought_n of_o till_o either_o the_o siege_n or_o defence_n of_o a_o town_n or_o the_o necessity_n to_o fortify_v a_o camp_n render_v it_o necessary_a and_o then_o six_o soldier_n not_o accustom_a before_o to_o that_o manner_n of_o exercise_n be_v not_o able_a to_o work_v so_o much_o as_o one_o country-fellow_n new_o take_v from_o the_o blow_n the_o custom_n of_o shoot_v at_o butt_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n in_o scotland_n and_o england_n be_v much_o if_o not_o whole_o wear_v out_o in_o foreign_a place_n their_o shoot_v with_o firelock_n and_o riâ—â—ed_a gun_n at_o mark_n every_o holiday_n may_v make_v they_o good_a firemen_n and_o good_a marks-man_n but_o do_v not_o strengthen_v the_o nerve_n and_o arm_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bow_n do_v but_o to_o bring_v these_o exercise_n so_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o health_n and_o strength_n of_o a_o army_n in_o fashion_n again_o must_v be_v the_o work_n of_o no_o private_a person_n but_o of_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n another_o part_n of_o military_a exercise_n consist_v in_o teach_v the_o soldier_n both_o part_n training_n and_o drilling_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o fight_v orderly_o and_o ready_o with_o a_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o proper_o we_o call_v training_n and_o drilling_n it_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o first_o be_v to_o teach_v they_o to_o handle_v and_o manage_v their_o offensive_a arm_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v handsome_o ready_o and_o dexterous_o and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o call_v the_o posture_n the_o second_o be_v to_o make_v they_o when_o they_o be_v in_o a_o body_n to_o cast_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o figure_n or_o order_n as_o shall_v be_v command_v they_o and_o this_o be_v common_o call_v the_o motion_n and_o evolution_n before_o i_o speak_v any_o more_o on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v say_v that_o though_o this_o drilling_n and_o training_n be_v not_o so_o much_o forget_v as_o those_o other_o exercise_n be_v whereof_o i_o have_v but_o just_a now_o speak_v yet_o it_o be_v too_o much_o neglect_v in_o many_o place_n neglect_v much_o neglect_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o be_v so_o much_o use_v in_o any_o place_n of_o europe_n as_o in_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n in_o which_o the_o ancient_n be_v well_o imitate_v who_o train_v their_o army_n very_o punctual_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o well_o as_o in_o time_n of_o war._n i_o wish_v all_o company_n who_o otherwise_o be_v well_o enough_o train_v be_v accustom_a to_o make_v march_n when_o they_o be_v exercise_v as_o i_o say_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o defensive_a arms._n for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v make_v to_o run_v or_o walk_v twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n in_o five_o or_o six_o hour_n time_n and_o in_o full_a arm_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v yet_o i_o think_v they_o will_v be_v much_o strengthen_v and_o exercisâ—_n march_v a_o necessary_a point_n of_o military_a exercisâ—_n make_v more_o healthful_a and_o more_o able_a to_o endure_v fatigue_n if_o they_o be_v make_v twice_o a_o week_n march_v in_o a_o summer-morning_n seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n and_o back_o again_o in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o proportionable_o as_o far_o in_o the_o winter_n this_o be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n will_v make_v long_o and_o speedy_a march_n which_o often_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n even_o with_o defensive_a arm_n very_o easy_a and_o it_o will_v accustom_v the_o soldier_n to_o keep_v their_o rank_n and_o file_n punctual_o provide_v officer_n be_v attentive_a to_o see_v they_o do_v it_o on_o that_o march_n this_o will_v be_v to_o some_o better_a purpose_n than_o for_o commander_n to_o march_v with_o squad_n with_o half_a or_o whole_a regiment_n a_o half_a hour_n it_o may_v be_v a_o whole_a one_o up_o and_o down_o to_z and_o again_o upon_o one_o spot_n of_o ground_n a_o right_a mockmarch_n mockmarch_n a_o mockmarch_n whereby_o some_o officer_n contrary_v to_o their_o intention_n for_o they_o think_v they_o be_v do_v a_o very_a handsome_a feat_n make_v themselves_o ridiculous_a to_o both_o the_o spectator_n and_o their_o own_o soldier_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n in_o time_n of_o war_n drill_v their_o army_n in_o the_o field_n but_o training_n be_v look_v upon_o now_o as_o a_o unnecessary_a thing_n not_o only_o in_o the_o field_n but_o in_o town_n and_o garrison_n likewise_o this_o be_v not_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n fault_n but_o be_v a_o inexcusable_a neglect_n and_o carelessness_n of_o colonel_n who_o
be_v marshal_v in_o one_o division_n i_o know_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n marshal_v objection_n against_o that_o way_n of_o marshal_v of_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n division_n because_o the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n in_o the_o regiment_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o colonel_n have_v the_o van_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o the_o major_n shall_v have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n because_o it_o be_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a regiment_n i_o shall_v easy_o subscribe_v to_o this_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o though_o it_o be_v but_o answer_v answer_v one_o regiment_n yet_o be_v divide_v it_o shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o two_o distinct_a body_n and_o it_o be_v more_o honourable_a to_o have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o than_o of_o the_o last_o second_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o major_n ought_v to_o wait_v and_o lodge_v at_o the_o quarter_n of_o that_o division_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o the_o colonel_n be_v because_o from_o he_o he_o receive_v his_o order_n direction_n and_o the_o word_n which_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o carry_v to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n if_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o two_o division_n be_v divide_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v but_o the_o old_a captain_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v and_o receive_v they_o from_o the_o major_a at_o the_o colonel_n quarter_n the_o first_o captain_n in_o that_o case_n officiate_a as_o major_a for_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n batallion_n now_o if_o the_o major_n ought_v to_o be_v where_o the_o colonel_n be_v as_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v than_o i_o think_v the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v where_o himself_o be_v the_o great_a gustavus_n use_v another_o way_n of_o marshal_v his_o regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n which_o take_v altogether_o be_v not_o square_a of_o front_n yet_o all_o the_o 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the_o enemy_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o place_n which_o the_o two_o hundred_o pike_n possess_v in_o the_o middle_n remain_v void_a there_o be_v two_o passage_n like_o sally-port_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o advance_a body_n of_o pike_n and_o the_o two_o batallion_n that_o stay_v behind_o out_o of_o one_o whereof_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n issue_v constant_o one_o or_o two_o or_o more_o hundred_o of_o musqueteer_n who_o before_o all_o the_o three_o body_n of_o pike_n give_v incessant_o fire_n on_o the_o enemy_n and_o when_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n for_o a_o retreat_n be_v give_v they_o retire_v by_o the_o other_o passage_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n back_o to_o the_o great_a body_n of_o musqueteer_n where_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v back_o unwounded_a be_v present_o put_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n the_o fire_n continue_v without_o intermission_n by_o musqueteer_n who_o still_o sally_v through_o the_o passage_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o fireman_n fight_v thus_o in_o small_a body_n each_o of_o they_o not_o above_o five_o file_n of_o musqueteer_n and_o these_o for_o most_o part_n but_o three_o deep_a so_o you_o may_v consider_v that_o near_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v on_o service_n the_o other_o two_o three_o be_v secure_o shelter_v behind_o the_o three_o batallion_n of_o pikeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a these_o pike_n have_v field_n piece_n with_o they_o which_o fire_v as_o oft_o as_o they_o can_v as_o well_o as_o the_o musqueteer_n this_o continue_a till_o the_o pikeman_n come_v to_o push_v of_o pike_n with_o the_o enemy_n if_o both_o party_n stay_v so_o long_o as_o seldom_o they_o do_v and_o then_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o do_v what_o they_o be_v order_v to_o do_v and_o the_o order_n do_v depend_v on_o emergency_n and_o accident_n which_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v then_o see_v so_o no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v for_o they_o in_o this_o order_n do_v i_o see_v all_o the_o swedish_n brigades_n draw_v up_o for_o one_o year_n after_o the_o king_n death_n but_o after_o that_o time_n i_o see_v it_o wear_v out_o when_o defensive_a arm_n first_o and_o then_o pike_n come_v out_o wear_v out_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o by_o some_o vilipend_v for_o the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n if_o it_o can_v all_o march_n in_o one_o breast_n it_o shall_v regiment_n the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n do_v so_o but_o if_o not_o and_o if_o the_o ground_n permit_v it_o let_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o musqueteer_n march_v in_o breast_n next_o it_o the_o body_n of_o pike_n and_o after_o it_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o none_o of_o these_o can_v be_v then_o as_o many_o shall_v march_v in_o one_o petty_a division_n as_o the_o way_n can_v permit_v as_o suppose_v twelve_o eight_o or_o ten_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o you_o come_v to_o open_a ground_n you_o be_v to_o march_v present_o in_o squadron_n or_o as_o they_o be_v now_o call_v squad_n or_o in_o full_a battle_n that_o be_v the_o regiment_n all_o in_o one_o front_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v your_o soldier_n be_v ready_a to_o receive_v a_o enemy_n they_o march_v in_o a_o more_o comely_a order_n and_o straggle_v far_o less_o than_o when_o they_o march_v few_o in_o breast_n and_o in_o a_o long_a row_n the_o major_n appoint_v captain_n lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n to_o lead_v division_n and_o sergeant_n to_o attend_v the_o flank_n every_o one_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o never_o think_v it_o convenient_a much_o less_o necessary_a that_o every_o small_a division_n of_o a_o regiment_n shall_v have_v a_o bringer_n up_o since_o he_o must_v be_v as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o a_o commission_v officer_n as_o well_o as_o the_o leader_n of_o a_o division_n shall_v be_v for_o first_o consider_v that_o in_o a_o regiment_n of_o one_o thousand_o strong_a there_o be_v a_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o six_o file_n and_o admit_v that_o the_o way_n will_v permit_v eight_o file_n to_o march_v in_o breast_n as_o that_o fall_v not_o always_o out_o by_o that_o account_n you_o shall_v have_v one_o and_o twenty_o division_n consist_v of_o eight_o file_n apiece_o multiply_v twenty_o one_o by_o eight_o the_o product_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o up_o reasins_z why_o every_o petty_a division_n can_v have_v a_o bringer_n up_o sixty_o eight_o file_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o thousand_o and_o eight_o man_n eight_o more_o than_o the_o number_n reckon_v again_o how_o many_o commission_v officer_n you_o have_v in_o ten_o company_n beside_o the_o three_o field-officer_n you_o shall_v have_v but_o twenty_o nine_o now_o of_o these_o twenty_o one_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v the_o division_n and_o by_o that_o account_n you_o have_v but_o nine_o officer_n to_o bring_v up_o so_o you_o want_v thirteen_o commission_v officer_n for_o that_o employment_n for_o sergeant_n shall_v neither_o be_v permit_v to_o lead_v or_o bring_v up_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n their_o duty_n be_v to_o attend_v the_o flank_n beside_o all_o commission_v officer_n be_v not_o always_o present_a some_o frequent_o be_v either_o sick_a wound_a or_o absent_a on_o furloff_n it_o will_v be_v enough_o therefore_o if_o all_o these_o petty_a division_n be_v lead_v by_o commission_v officer_n which_o yet_o can_v be_v unless_o you_o allow_v some_o ensign-bearer_n to_o stay_v from_o their_o 〈…〉_o we_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v spare_v six_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o two_o division_n for_o those_o who_o will_v allow_v bringer_n up_o allow_v eighteen_o foot_n between_o two_o division_n to_o wit_n six_o foot_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o he_o that_o bring_v it_o up_o second_o six_o foot_n between_o
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charge_n will_n no_o doubt_n be_v very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o enemy_n if_o the_o encounter_n be_v in_o a_o close_a country_n they_o serve_v well_o to_o line_n hedges_n and_o possess_v enclosure_n they_o serve_v for_o defend_v pass_n and_o bridge_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o advance_n or_o a_o retreat_n of_o a_o army_n and_o for_o foot_n serve_v on_o foot_n beat_v the_o enemy_n from_o they_o their_o service_n be_v on_o foot_n and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o musketeer_n but_o because_o they_o be_v mount_v on_o horseback_n and_o ride_v with_o the_o horse_n either_o before_o in_o the_o van_n or_o behind_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o a_o army_n they_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o cavalry_n yet_o be_v part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n general_n lieutenant_z general_z or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o not_o to_o those_o of_o the_o foot_n and_o be_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o a_o 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the_o one_o or_o other_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o army_n now_o as_o i_o say_v before_o where_o the_o great_a trust_n be_v there_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o consequent_o the_o infantry_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o cavalry_n these_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o know_v to_o the_o grecian_n and_o macedonian_n he_o that_o command_v the_o whole_a phalanx_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a army_n stay_v with_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n so_o do_v all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o army_n and_o certain_o they_o have_v detachment_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v and_o the_o suntagmatarch_n of_o a_o foot_n phalanx_n have_v under_o his_o command_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o six_o man_n with_o colour_n and_o suitable_a officer_n how_o will_v the_o merry_a greek_n have_v laugh_v if_o this_o suntagmatarch_n who_o our_o captain_n sixty_o year_n ago_o in_o many_o place_n when_o company_n be_v three_o hundred_o strong_a do_v represent_v have_v be_v require_v to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o command_n of_o a_o elarchos_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o sixty_o four_o horse_n and_o represent_v our_o ritmaster_n now_o adays_o for_o sometime_o the_o grecian_a troop_n of_o horse_n be_v one_o hundred_o in_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n a_o legion_n be_v command_v by_o tribune_n by_o turn_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o from_o the_o french_a by_o tower_n he_o who_o six_o month_n it_o be_v to_o command_v have_v ordinary_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o sometime_o five_o thousand_o and_o sometime_o six_o thousand_o foot_n under_o his_o command_n the_o horse_n ordain_v to_o attend_v this_o legion_n be_v but_o adjectitious_a and_o be_v seldom_o above_o three_o hundred_o sometime_o not_o so_o many_o the_o denomination_n of_o any_o officer_n be_v à _fw-la majori_fw-la parte_fw-la from_o the_o great_a part_n and_o therefore_o the_o tribune_n be_v a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n and_o yet_o command_v these_o three_o hundred_o horse_n as_o absolute_o as_o he_o do_v any_o centuriate_a in_o the_o legion_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o with_o reason_n i_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o roman_a discipline_n the_o horse_n be_v constant_o command_v by_o officer_n of_o foot_n and_o peruse_v all_o the_o roman_a history_n you_o shall_v not_o find_v that_o ever_o any_o officer_n of_o horse_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n of_o any_o of_o the_o foot_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v their_o balist_n catupult_n their_o batter_a ram_n their_o ambulatory_a town_n their_o bridge_n and_o all_o the_o material_n whereof_o these_o be_v compose_v now_o these_o be_v the_o artillery_n of_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v the_o treasurer_n and_o treasure_n of_o the_o army_n all_o provision_n for_o man_n and_o horse_n their_o altar_n and_o place_n of_o devotion_n and_o though_o the_o troop_n of_o horse_n have_v their_o petty_a standard_n and_o vexilla_fw-la yet_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v mount_v on_o a_o long_a pole_n and_o be_v the_o great_a ensign_n of_o the_o legion_n be_v constant_o entrust_v to_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o first_o centurion_n who_o be_v a_o foot-officer_n with_o the_o foot_n the_o consul_n march_v lodge_v and_o fight_v all_o these_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o not_o to_o the_o horse_n show_v that_o these_o conqueror_n of_o the_o world_n esteem_v the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horse_n for_o still_o i_o say_v the_o more_o trust_v the_o more_o honour_n it_o be_v true_a the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v all_o elect_a of_o gentleman_n for_o so_o i_o interpret_v the_o equestris_n ordo_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o have_v a_o precedency_n at_o door_n and_o table_n before_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n who_o be_v all_o levy_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o but_o that_o give_v they_o no_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o the_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n now_o pretend_v to_o nor_o will_v the_o roman_a discipline_n which_o order_v the_o horse_n to_o ride_v the_o round_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o foot_n as_o you_o have_v it_o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n entitle_v these_o horseman_n to_o any_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o these_o guard_n of_o foot_n no_o more_o than_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v send_v to_o go_v a_o round_a with_o musqueteer_n to_o attend_v he_o will_v evince_v that_o he_o have_v the_o command_n of_o these_o guard_n or_o any_o centinel_n of_o they_o both_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a round_n be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o those_o who_o send_v they_o in_o what_o posture_n they_o find_v the_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n yea_o these_o four_o roman_a horseman_n who_o be_v to_o ride_v the_o round_n be_v command_v to_o lie_v at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o hut_n or_o tent_n of_o a_o centurion_n of_o foot_n which_o i_o think_v denote_v their_o subjection_n to_o he_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_a that_o with_o these_o ancient_a roman_n to_o who_o arm_n and_o discipline_n of_o war_n most_o of_o the_o world_n pay_v homage_n the_o foot-service_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o that_o on_o horseback_n to_o confirm_v this_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o where_o the_o great_a danger_n be_v there_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v the_o great_a honour_n now_o very_o often_o the_o roman_a consul_n where_o they_o see_v the_o enemy_n prevail_v in_o battle_n they_o call_v the_o cavalry_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o thither_o but_o mistake_v it_o not_o it_o be_v not_o to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n but_o to_o make_v they_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o legionary_n which_o encourage_v the_o foot_n when_o they_o see_v the_o horse_n can_v not_o ride_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a to_o fight_v on_o foot_n than_o on_o horseback_n the_o roman_n think_v fight_v on_o foot_n more_o honourable_a than_o fight_v on_o horseback_n and_o consequent_o the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horseman_n julius_n caesar_n the_o great_a captain_n that_o ever_o be_v practise_v this_o in_o the_o great_a battle_n he_o ever_o fight_v which_o be_v against_o the_o helvetian_o now_o call_v swisser_n to_o show_v good_a example_n he_o alight_v first_o from_o his_o horse_n and_o then_o cause_v all_o his_o cavalry_n to_o alight_v and_o as_o himself_o tell_v we_o cause_v all_o the_o horse_n to_o be_v drive_v away_o a_o great_a way_n from_o that_o place_n of_o battle_n and_o so_o do_v several_a of_o the_o roman_a consul_n before_o he_o and_o i_o think_v you_o need_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o horseman_n be_v on_o foot_n be_v marshal_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o the_o foot_n be_v and_o so_o the_o decurion_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o horse_n receive_v their_o order_n from_o the_o centurion_n each_o whereof_o command_v sixty_o footman_n whereas_o the_o decurion_n have_v but_o the_o command_n of_o thirty_o so_o here_o we_o see_v officer_n of_o horse_n command_v by_o officer_n of_o foot_n but_o never_o the_o contrary_n i_o find_v abâ—er_n joaâ—_n amasa_n fight_v still_o on_o foot_n and_o so_o do_v their_o master_n david_n king_n of_o israel_n so_o do_v saul_n before_o he_o and_o most_o of_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n after_o he_o except_o some_o who_o fight_v on_o chariot_n to_o their_o small_a advantage_n but_o none_o fight_v on_o horseback_n i_o believe_v absalon_n fight_v on_o foot_n though_o after_o his_o rebellious_a army_n be_v rout_v he_o mount_v on_o a_o mule_n to_o carry_v he_o away_o with_o more_o haste_n than_o good_a speed_n many_o king_n in_o the_o modern_a war_n since_o gunpowder_n make_v a_o noise_n have_v fight_v on_o foot_n edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n fight_v nine_o battle_n on_o foot_n our_o king_n of_o scotland_n do_v so_o frequent_o and_o if_o king_n james_n the_o four_o be_v kill_v at_o flowdon_n he_o be_v slay_v fight_v on_o foot_n and_o all_o these_o be_v prince_n who_o trace_v the_o path_n of_o honour_n and_o study_v both_o to_o show_v their_o own_o valour_n and_o to_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n which_o they_o conceive_v they_o do_v more_o proper_o on_o foot_n than_o on_o horseback_n since_o the_o best_a govern_a kingdom_n and_o state_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a have_v give_v the_o honour_n to_o the_o foot_n and_o not_o the_o horse_n by_o entrust_v they_o with_o their_o chief_a strength_n their_o treasure_n their_o artillery_n provision_n ammunition_n town_n castle_n and_o fortify_v place_n i_o can_v enough_o admire_v what_o new_a light_n the_o commander_n of_o horse_n of_o our_o time_n have_v get_v that_o can_v move_v they_o to_o demand_v a_o superiority_n over_o the_o officer_n of_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n with_o themselves_o if_o they_o say_v because_o they_o can_v be_v soon_o at_o a_o
under_o charles_n gustavus_n both_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o some_o of_o the_o emperor_n army_n have_v they_o likewise_o some_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o infantry_n i_o have_v likewise_o know_v but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o all_o army_n but_o a_o major-general_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v think_v a_o necessary_a commander_n in_o all_o army_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o weak_a when_o any_o of_o they_o be_v want_v or_o out_o of_o the_o way_n the_o old_a colonel_n officiate_n for_o he_o the_o english_a call_v he_o sergeant_n major-general_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o in_o some_o place_n he_o be_v order_v to_o be_v constant_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o war._n the_o name_n of_o adjutant-general_n denote_v his_o charge_n and_o office_n for_o he_o be_v a_o helper_n adjutant-general_n adjutant-general_n to_o those_o general_a officer_n of_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n the_o order_n and_o direction_n he_o give_v be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o his_o 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be_v too_o few_o to_o supply_v which_o defect_n and_o not_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o adjutant_n the_o commander_n in_o chief_a aught_o to_o have_v half_o a_o dozen_o of_o understand_a gentleman_n well_o mount_v and_o these_o as_o the_o general_n ride_v along_o the_o army_n either_o to_o marshal_v or_o encourage_v it_o shall_v ride_v with_o he_o that_o the_o whole_a army_n may_v know_v they_o as_o such_o who_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v to_o carry_v the_o general_n be_v direction_n which_o may_v be_v very_o many_o according_a as_o the_o many_o emergency_n and_o change_n of_o thing_n may_v make_v he_o alter_v his_o command_n and_o the_o fit_a person_n for_o that_o employment_n be_v such_o reformado_n as_o have_v be_v major_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n former_o i_o have_v see_v this_o place_n of_o adjutant-general_n make_v very_o contemptible_a by_o some_o general_n who_o have_v fill_v it_o up_o despicable_a his_o charge_n make_v despicable_a with_o man_n who_o mean_a understanding_n little_a experience_n dulness_n of_o spirit_n and_o weak_a intellectual_n render_v they_o despicable_a and_o ridiculous_a to_o those_o to_o who_o they_o pretend_v to_o bring_v their_o order_n he_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v a_o great_a helper_n to_o the_o major_a general_n whether_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n but_o where_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o major_a general_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o perhaps_o as_o many_o or_o more_o of_o the_o cavalry_n i_o think_v there_o need_v no_o adjutant_n at_o all_o for_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o every_o major_a general_n shall_v have_v a_o adjutant_n general_n nor_o will_v man_n be_v sound_a to_o engage_v in_o a_o charge_n that_o be_v make_v so_o common_a unless_o it_o be_v such_o insignificant_a person_n as_o these_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o in_o france_n this_o adjutant_n general_n be_v call_v aidâ—_n the_o camp_n and_o in_o major_a aide_n de_fw-fr camp_n and_o aid_v major_a some_o foot_n regiment_n the_o major_n have_v his_o adjutant_n who_o be_v call_v aide_n major_a and_o this_o for_o most_o part_n be_v one_o of_o the_o lieutenant_n who_o have_v no_o allowance_n for_o it_o in_o the_o old_a english_a discipline_n of_o war_n this_o adjutant_n be_v call_v a_o corporal_n of_o the_o field_n corporal_n of_o the_o field_n field_n and_o there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o in_o every_o army_n wherein_o they_o be_v well_o know_v they_o be_v mount_v on_o good_a and_o swift_a horse_n their_o charge_n and_o employment_n be_v the_o very_a same_o in_o all_o thing_n with_o that_o of_o our_o modern_a adjutant_n if_o i_o have_v right_o describe_v a_o adjutant_n general_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o differ_v from_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr gaya_n who_o have_v late_o write_v a_o short_a system_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n in_o his_o nineteenth_o page_n he_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o adjutant_n general_n or_o aid_v the_o camp_n as_o he_o call_v he_o be_v fit_a for_o a_o young_a man_n of_o quality_n and_o in_o which_o say_v he_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o he_o to_o learn_v and_o make_v himself_o perfect_a indeed_o i_o acknowledge_v we_o be_v bind_v still_o to_o be_v learning_n what_o be_v good_a yet_o i_o can_v allow_v a_o adjutant_n to_o be_v a_o apprentice_n and_o though_o it_o become_v he_o to_o be_v teach_v by_o his_o better_n yet_o he_o shall_v be_v so_o perfect_a in_o the_o military_a art_n that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o teach_v other_o nor_o can_v i_o allow_v he_o to_o be_v very_o young_a since_o he_o embrace_v a_o charge_n which_o befit_v none_o but_o a_o experience_a soldier_n but_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr gaya_n add_v he_o shall_v be_v wise_a vigilant_a and_o vigorous_a i_o confess_v a_o young_a man_n may_v be_v wise_a but_o i_o believe_v wisdom_n here_o be_v take_v for_o experience_n whereof_o young_a man_n of_o quality_n may_v be_v very_o oft_o destitute_a but_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr gaya_n forget_v to_o bestow_v the_o qualification_n of_o courageous_a upon_o his_o aid_n the_o camp_n which_o if_o he_o want_v be_v he_o be_v to_o carry_v and_o distribute_v his_o order_n in_o the_o time_n of_o hot_a danger_n i_o will_v not_o give_v a_o rush_n for_o all_o his_o wisdom_n vigilancy_n and_o vigour_n he_o say_v also_o that_o his_o aid_n the_o camp_n shall_v be_v always_o tous_fw-fr jours_fw-fr beside_o the_o general_a officer_n to_o carry_v their_o order_n where_o they_o be_v necessary_a but_o if_o he_o be_v always_o with_o they_o how_o can_v he_o be_v from_o they_o when_o he_o carry_v their_o order_n where_o they_o be_v necessary_a certain_o he_o must_v be_v but_o sometime_o quelquefois_fw-fr with_o they_o and_o sometime_o from_o they_o beside_o all_o these_o general_a person_n mention_v some_o will_v have_v a_o quartermaster_n general_n for_o the_o horse_n beside_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n of_o the_o army_n because_o this_o last_o stay_v constant_o at_o the_o head_n quarter_n with_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v constant_o with_o the_o horse_n but_o i_o think_v place_n and_o office_n multiply_v place_n shall_v not_o be_v multiply_v shall_v not_o be_v multiply_v in_o army_n and_o therefore_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o old_a regiment_n of_o horse_n may_v officiate_v in_o the_o cavalry_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n of_o who_o office_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o castrametation_n though_o many_o of_o these_o general_a officer_n of_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v may_v seem_v to_o be_v more_o burdensome_a than_o useful_a to_o either_o prince_n state_n or_o army_n yet_o this_o present_a emperor_n leopold_n be_v glad_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o all_o in_o his_o late_a war_n against_o the_o turk_n to_o satisfy_v that_o noble_a desire_n of_o honour_n which_o many_o prince_n and_o other_o person_n of_o high_a and_o eminent_a quality_n have_v to_o serve_v he_o against_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o the_o christian_a name_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o of_o all_o the_o duty_n these_o general_a person_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v in_o officer_n qualification_n of_o all_o these_o general_a officer_n their_o several_a charge_n but_o i_o have_v not_o speak_v of_o those_o part_n virtue_n and_o quality_n wherewith_o some_o who_o write_v or_o speak_v of_o that_o subject_a will_v have_v they_o endue_v they_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o rehearse_v neither_o can_v i_o well_o do_v it_o without_o tautology_n but_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o qualification_n require_v by_o some_o author_n for_o a_o captain_n general_n be_v divide_v between_o he_o and_o all_o the_o general_a person_n under_o he_o may_v in_o my_o opinion_n serve_v they_o all_o sufficient_o and_o what_o these_o be_v you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o next_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o a_o captain_n general_n or_o generalissimo_n if_o
of_o 10000_o man_n make_v square_a battle_n and_o therefore_o their_o 10000_o man_n be_v draw_v up_o a_o 100_o in_o rank_n and_o a_o 100_o in_o file_n and_o a_o 100_o time_n a_o 100_o make_v 10000_o and_o so_o their_o batallion_n be_v square_a of_o man_n and_o may_v have_v be_v also_o of_o ground_n if_o they_o allow_v no_o great_a interval_n of_o rank_n than_o of_o file_n which_o hardly_o they_o can_v do_v be_v they_o be_v all_o offensive_o arm_v with_o pike_n both_o long_o and_o strong_a but_o our_o author_n say_v that_o cyrus_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o wish_v croesus_n whole_a army_n have_v be_v marshal_v a_o thousand_o deep_a for_o than_o he_o have_v soon_o destroy_v it_o as_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a art_n of_o war._n yet_o xenophon_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o egyptian_n fight_v best_a of_o any_o of_o croesus_n his_o army_n yea_o so_o long_o till_o they_o have_v fair_a quarter_n give_v they_o and_o withal_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o cyrus_n his_o own_o army_n his_o foot_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v be_v marshal_v 24_o deep_a and_o that_o be_v eight_o more_o than_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o modern_a way_n of_o embattel_v and_o marshal_n army_n as_o all_o army_n be_v marshal_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o those_o who_o command_v they_o so_o their_o pleasure_n often_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v over_o rule_v by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o wether_n the_o sun_n the_o wind_n and_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v if_o the_o general_n find_v by_o his_o foreparty_n or_o vancourier_n that_o his_o enemy_n be_v before_o he_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n ready_a to_o receive_v he_o he_o will_v do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o march_v forward_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v fancy_v that_o his_o adversary_n will_v be_v so_o courteous_a as_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o marshal_v his_o army_n but_o will_v take_v his_o advantage_n and_o fall_v upon_o he_o before_o he_o can_v draw_v up_o his_o van_n especial_o if_o his_o march_n have_v be_v through_o any_o close_a or_o strait_a country_n and_o in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o that_o a_o generals_z wit_n a_o general_n shall_v have_v a_o ready_a wit_n own_o ready_a wit_n and_o resolution_n must_v serve_v he_o for_o counsellor_n for_o there_o will_v be_v no_o time_n give_v he_o to_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war._n but_o we_o speak_v now_o of_o embattel_v army_n when_o general_n have_v half_a the_o choice_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o manner_n be_v in_o many_o place_n and_o still_o be_v in_o some_o to_o marshal_v army_n in_o three_o distinct_a body_n one_o behind_o another_o the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o vanguard_n the_o second_o the_o battle_n the_o three_o the_o rearguard_n but_o several_a time_n every_o one_o body_n army_n marshal_v in_o three_o distinct_a body_n of_o those_o consist_v of_o three_o body_n likewise_o these_o be_v two_o wing_n of_o horse_n and_o one_o body_n of_o foot_n and_o when_o they_o march_v these_o three_o great_a body_n be_v call_v the_o van_n battle_n and_o rear_n their_o proper_a title_n be_v to_o be_v call_v so_o when_o they_o march_v for_o many_o time_n when_o they_o draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n it_o be_v in_o one_o breast_n and_o then_o the_o horse_n be_v divide_v in_o two_o wing_n and_o the_o foot_n make_v the_o battle_n this_o be_v do_v when_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o to_o prevent_v surround_v otherwise_o army_n seldom_o fight_v but_o in_o two_o battle_n if_o not_o in_o three_o but_o as_o i_o say_v time_n ground_n the_o power_n of_o a_o enemy_n minister_v occasion_n to_o a_o commander_n of_o a_o army_n to_o alter_v the_o ordinary_a custom_n and_o frame_v a_o new_a method_n of_o his_o own_o to_o serve_v he_o for_o that_o opportunity_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o one_o instance_n and_o that_o of_o a_o mighty_a army_n marshal_v as_o few_o before_o it_o have_v be_v and_o i_o believe_v none_o since_o it_o be_v that_o which_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o his_o brother_n king_n ferdinand_n have_v at_o vienna_n when_o they_o look_v for_o sultan_n soliman_n the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o though_o their_o number_n be_v very_o great_a yet_o those_o of_o the_o turk_n be_v vienna_n how_o the_o mighty_a army_n of_o the_o emperor_n charâ—es_v the_o five_o be_v marshal_v at_o vienna_n very_o much_o beyond_o they_o and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v out-winged_a by_o his_o numerous_a horse_n the_o order_n of_o their_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v this_o if_o they_o have_v fight_v they_o have_v sixty_o thousand_o arm_v with_o pike_n halberd_n partisan_n and_o other_o long_a staff_n these_o be_v divide_v in_o three_o great_a batallion_n each_o of_o twenty_o thousand_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n stand_v one_o of_o they_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o middle_n there_o be_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n to_o attend_v each_o of_o these_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n who_o be_v to_o have_v several_a little_a interval_n through_o which_o these_o harquebusier_n be_v to_o sally_n and_o fire_n incessant_o before_o the_o grand_a batallion_n till_o they_o shall_v be_v necessitate_v to_o retire_v through_o these_o same_o interval_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o then_o the_o pike_n be_v immediate_o to_o close_v and_o fill_v up_o those_o void_a place_n these_o three_o great_a batallion_n separate_v one_o from_o another_o make_v two_o great_a interval_n in_o each_o of_o which_o stand_v fifteen_o thousand_o horse_n here_o than_o you_o see_v upon_o the_o matter_n one_o of_o the_o brave_a army_n of_o christian_n that_o ever_o be_v marshal_v in_o one_o front_n without_o reserve_v only_o some_o thousand_o of_o man_n be_v order_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o munition_n scarce_o read_v of_o before_o or_o since_o here_o you_o see_v the_o pikeman_n make_v the_o wing_n whereas_o both_o before_o and_o since_o they_o make_v the_o body_n here_o you_o see_v the_o firemen_n marshal_v behind_o and_o ordain_v to_o fally_o from_o their_o station_n and_o do_v their_o service_n in_o the_o van_n and_o then_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o place_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a graecian_a and_o roman_a velite_n and_o not_o marshal_v on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o here_o you_o see_v the_o horse_n who_o before_o that_o time_n and_o since_o make_v the_o wing_n of_o a_o army_n make_v now_o the_o body_n of_o it_o strong_o flank_v with_o pike_n this_o be_v the_o inversion_n of_o former_a ordinance_n of_o war_n be_v then_o think_v necessary_a to_o prevent_v the_o surround_v and_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o turk_n numerous_a cavalry_n army_n for_o most_o part_n now_o be_v marshal_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n the_o vanguard_n and_o the_o arreer-guard_n which_o be_v common_o call_v battle_n and_o reserve_n but_o it_o be_v not_o only_o difficult_a but_o pure_o impossible_a for_o any_o the_o most_o experience_a general_n to_o set_v down_o any_o one_o certain_a rule_n or_o order_n whereby_o he_o may_v constant_o reserve_n battle_n and_o reserve_n keep_v one_o manner_n of_o marshal_v or_o one_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o it_o be_v call_v forma_fw-la aciei_fw-la though_o he_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o his_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n shall_v constant_o continue_v of_o one_o strength_n since_o the_o place_n situation_n house_n village_n castle_n hill_n valley_n rise_v height_n hollow_a ground_n water_n wood_n bush_n tree_n and_o marsh_n do_v occasion_n such_o alteration_n as_o make_v the_o form_n or_o mould_n of_o a_o army_n cast_v in_o one_o place_n change_v so_o much_o as_o you_o shall_v not_o know_v the_o face_n of_o it_o on_o another_o piece_n of_o ground_n perhaps_o not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o hour_n march_v from_o the_o former_a and_o in_o this_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o general_n be_v to_o act_v his_o part_n and_o take_v such_o advantage_n as_o he_o may_v and_o ready_o possess_v himself_o of_o such_o place_n which_o be_v in_o the_o enemy_n power_n may_v do_v he_o prejudice_v one_o of_o his_o great_a care_n in_o embattel_v will_v be_v to_o secure_v both_o his_o â—attel_n flank_n of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v well_o secure_v in_o â—attel_n flank_n which_o be_v call_v the_o right_a and_o left_a hand_n of_o his_o army_n with_o some_o river_n brook_n ditch_n dike_n or_o retrenchment_n if_o these_o can_v be_v so_o ready_o get_v than_o he_o may_v do_v it_o with_o the_o wagon_n or_o baggage_n of_o his_o army_n for_o in_o time_n of-battel_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o a_o batallion_n or_o
as_o the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n march_v if_o any_o wagon_n or_o baggage-horse_n press_v to_o be_v before_o these_o behind_o who_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n have_v order_v they_o to_o march_v he_o may_v safe_o make_v prize_n of_o they_o owe_v they_o who_o will_n when_o the_o wagon_n come_v to_o a_o heath_n or_o a_o champaign_n field_n the_o waggonmaster_n shall_v order_v the_o wagon_n to_o draw_v up_o two_o four_o or_o five_o in_o rank_n and_o to_o drive_v in_o that_o order_n so_o long_o as_o the_o ground_n permit_v they_o to_o do_v so_o and_o this_o save_v time_n and_o make_v dispatch_v and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o straight_o ground_n they_o be_v to_o fall_v off_o by_o the_o right_a hand_n in_o that_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v before_o the_o same_o course_n he_o be_v to_o take_v with_o baggage_n horse_n this_o baggage-master_n general_n be_v allow_v to_o have_v two_o lieutenant_n so_o that_o if_o the_o army_n march_v three_o several_a way_n aâ—_n deputy_n waggonmaster_n have_v deputy_n sometime_o it_o do_v himself_n and_o his_o two_o deputy_n serve_v to_o marshal_v the_o baggage_n of_o all_o the_o three_o if_o the_o army_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o or_o the_o cavalry_n march_v alone_o one_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n go_v along_o with_o the_o horse_n the_o other_o stay_v with_o himself_o and_o he_o be_v constant_o to_o be_v there_o where_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o train_n of_o artillery_n either_o march_v or_o quarter_v many_o time_n wagon_n be_v command_v to_o be_v burn_v and_o destroy_v sometime_o all_o the_o woman_n and_o most_o of_o the_o baggage_n be_v leave_v behind_o at_o some_o garrison_n and_o fortify_v place_n or_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o artillery_n when_o expedition_n call_v away_o all_o the_o horse_n dragoon_n and_o as_o many_o foot_n as_o be_v able_a to_o march_v lusty_o in_o some_o of_o these_o occasion_n officer_n go_v fair_a to_o lose_v their_o wagon_n and_o some_o of_o their_o moveable_n first_o woman_n follow_v a_o army_n divide_v into_o three_o class_n first_o woman_n who_o follow_v a_o army_n may_v be_v order_v if_o they_o can_v be_v order_v in_o three_o rank_n or_o rather_o in_o class_n one_o below_o another_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v of_o those_o who_o be_v lady_n and_o be_v the_o wife_n of_o the_o general_n and_o other_o principal_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n who_o for_o most_o part_n be_v carry_v in_o coach_n but_o those_o coach_n must_v drive_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o they_o to_o who_o the_o lady_n belong_v and_o as_o the_o baggage_n of_o their_o husband_n be_v appoint_v to_o march_v by_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n the_o second_o class_n be_v of_o those_o who_o ride_v on_o horseback_n second_o second_o and_o these_o must_v ride_v in_o no_o other_o place_n than_o where_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o regiment_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v march_v but_o they_o be_v very_o oft_o extravagant_a gad_v here_o and_o there_o and_o therefore_o in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v put_v in_o company_n and_o have_v one_o or_o more_o to_o command_v and_o oversee_v they_o and_o these_o be_v call_v in_o germany_n hureweibles_n ruler_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o whore_n i_o have_v see_v they_o ride_v keep_v troop_n rank_n and_o file_v very_o well_o after_o that_o captain_n of_o they_o who_o lead_v they_o and_o a_o banner_n with_o they_o which_o one_o of_o the_o woman_n carry_v the_o three_o three_o three_o class_n be_v of_o those_o who_o walk_v on_o foot_n and_o be_v the_o wife_n of_o inferior_a officer_n and_o soldier_n these_o must_v walk_v beside_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o several_a regiment_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v and_o over_o they_o the_o several_a regiment_n marshal_n have_v inspection_n as_o woman_n be_v create_v to_o be_v a_o helper_n to_o man_n so_o woman_n be_v great_a helper_n armieâ—_n woman_n helpful_a to_o their_o husband_n in_o armieâ—_n in_o army_n to_o their_o husband_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o low_a condition_n neither_o shall_v they_o be_v rash_o banish_v out_o of_o army_n send_v away_o they_o may_v be_v sometime_o for_o weighty_a consideration_n they_o provide_v buy_v and_o dress_v their_o husband_n meat_n when_o their_o husband_n be_v on_o duty_n or_o new_o come_v from_o it_o they_o bring_v in_o fuel_n for_o fire_n and_o wash_v their_o linen_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n of_o employment_n a_o soldier_n wife_n may_v be_v helpful_a to_o other_o and_o gain_v money_n to_o her_o husband_n and_o herself_o especial_o they_o be_v useful_a in_o camp_n and_o leaguer_n be_v permit_v which_o shall_v not_o be_v refuse_v they_o to_o go_v some_o mile_n from_o the_o camp_n to_o buy_v victual_n and_o other_o camp_n useful_a in_o camp_n necessary_n at_o the_o long_a siege_n of_o breda_n make_v by_o spinola_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o marry_a soldier_n fare_v better_a look_v more_o vigorous_o and_o be_v able_a to_o do_v more_o duty_n than_o the_o bachelor_n and_o all_o the_o spite_n be_v do_v the_o poor_a woman_n be_v to_o be_v call_v their_o husband_n mule_n by_o those_o who_o will_v have_v be_v glad_a to_o have_v have_v such_o mule_n themselves_o among_o all_o these_o kind_n of_o woman_n in_o well_o order_v army_n there_o be_v none_o but_o those_o who_o be_v marry_v if_o there_o be_v any_o else_o upon_o examination_n make_v by_o the_o minister_n priest_n or_o consistory_n they_o be_v put_v away_o with_o ignominy_n at_o least_o shall_v be_v conformable_a to_o all_o article_n of_o war._n but_o a_o strange_a story_n be_v write_v by_o good_a author_n of_o that_o famous_a duke_n of_o aluâ—_n who_o name_n be_v yet_o so_o hateful_a to_o most_o of_o the_o netherlands_o they_o say_v at_o that_o time_n he_o march_v from_o italy_n to_o the_o low-countries_n to_o reduce_v they_o to_o the_o obedience_n of_o his_o master_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n a_o permission_n be_v give_v to_o courtesan_n to_o follow_v his_o army_n but_o they_o be_v to_o ride_v in_o troop_n with_o banner_n they_o have_v their_o several_a courtesan_n a_o strange_a story_n of_o courtesan_n capitaness_n and_o alfieras_n or_o she-cornet_n and_o other_o officer_n who_o keep_v among_o they_o a_o exact_a discipline_n in_o all_o point_n that_o concern_v their_o profession_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a squadron_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o that_o be_v distinguish_v no_o otherwise_o but_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o beauty_n face_n and_o feature_n those_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n be_v permit_v only_o to_o traffic_v with_o man_n of_o the_o high_a quality_n those_o of_o the_o second_o rank_n with_o commander_n of_o great_a note_n those_o of_o the_o three_o with_o officer_n of_o a_o low_a condition_n and_o those_o of_o the_o four_o degree_n with_o officer_n who_o be_v of_o the_o mean_a quality_n and_o soldier_n who_o those_o of_o the_o other_o three_o rank_n reject_v a_o excellent_a commonwealth_n where_o it_o be_v prohibit_v under_o all_o grievous_a pain_n not_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v court_v by_o any_o commonwealth_n a_o abominable_a commonwealth_n either_o above_o or_o below_o the_o rank_n wherein_o they_o be_v place_v and_o that_o be_v impartial_o do_v according_a to_o the_o talon_n nature_n have_v bestow_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o every_o common_a soldier_n inferior_a person_n or_o low_a officer_n ensign_n captain_n colonel_n or_o general_a commander_n know_v to_o who_o they_o may_v address_v themselves_o and_o from_o who_o they_o may_v buy_v repentance_n a_o practice_n which_o i_o suppose_v never_o have_v a_o precedent_n in_o either_o christian_a or_o pagan_a army_n and_o which_o with_o a_o impudent_a face_n loud_o cry_v defiance_n to_o both_o religion_n and_o moral_a honesty_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n if_o there_o be_v any_o confusion_n in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n or_o that_o the_o right_n order_v it_o be_v neglect_v by_o general_a person_n in_o appoint_v every_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n its_o own_o place_n with_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o baggage_n or_o that_o colonel_n major_n and_o captain_n be_v careless_a to_o obey_v their_o order_n in_o their_o march_n army_n a_o careless_a march_n the_o ruin_n of_o a_o army_n and_o suffer_v their_o soldier_n to_o run_v straggle_v and_o lag_v behind_o it_o not_o only_o give_v a_o enemy_n a_o wish_a advantage_n but_o be_v enough_o of_o itself_o to_o ruin_v a_o army_n even_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o a_o march_n a_o army_n may_v be_v surprise_v in_o pass_v a_o river_n whether_o that_o be_v by_o ford_n bridg_n or_o boat_n or_o when_o it_o march_v through_o marsh_n ground_n or_o close_a country_n when_o it_o ascend_v or_o descend_v hill_n to_o all_o these_o inconvenience_n a_o careful_a general_n shall_v advert_v and_o according_a to_o the_o intelligence_n he_o have_v either_o
he_o be_v to_o advance_v his_o march_n speedy_o to_o gain_v a_o pass_n or_o advantage_n of_o ground_n or_o stop_v his_o march_n and_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v and_o if_o nothing_o else_o will_v help_v he_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n either_o front_a that_o same_o way_n as_o he_o be_v march_v or_o face_v about_o to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o be_v in_o his_o front_n or_o rear_v and_o let_v god_n dispose_v of_o the_o victory_n as_o seem_v good_a in_o his_o eye_n our_o modern_a army_n have_v march_v and_o do_v still_o march_v one_o of_o three_o several_a manner_n a_o army_n may_v â—arch_v in_o three_o several_a manner_n way_n these_o be_v first_o by_o divide_v a_o army_n into_o three_o several_a body_n vanguard_n battle_n and_o arrierguard_n second_o by_o march_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n as_o they_o use_v to_o fight_v and_o these_o be_v common_o call_v battle_n and_o reserve_n three_o all_o in_o one_o battle_n whereby_o be_v mean_v the_o half_a of_o the_o cavalry_n in_o the_o van_n the_o other_o half_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o foot_n between_o they_o to_o clear_v all_o these_o three_o way_n of_o march_v let_v we_o suppose_v our_o army_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n these_o be_v divide_v after_o the_o first_o way_n thus_o in_o the_o vanguard_n body_n first_o manner_n in_o three_o body_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o these_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o horse_n to_o go_v before_o to_o search_v the_o way_n and_o discover_v that_o party_n shall_v be_v about_o one_o english_a mile_n before_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v small_a party_n send_v out_o about_o half_a a_o english_a mile_n which_o shall_v constant_o acquaint_v the_o great_a party_n and_o it_o the_o brigade_n behind_o and_o so_o from_o hand_n vanguard_n vanguard_n to_o hand_n till_o the_o intelligence_n of_o all_o they_o learn_v come_v to_o the_o general_n after_o these_o forlorn_a troop_n of_o horse_n follow_v command_v musqueteer_n with_o pioner_n to_o smooth_a and_o make_v plain_a the_o way_n for_o the_o artillery_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o cut_v tree_n or_o hedge_n or_o fill_v hollow_a ground_n or_o ditch_n after_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n follow_v some_o field-piece_n suppose_v the_o half_a of_o those_o that_o be_v with_o the_o army_n and_o some_o wagon_n load_v with_o ammunition_n immediate_o after_o they_o march_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n these_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a vanguard_n and_o behind_o it_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n so_o you_o see_v this_o vanguard_n be_v a_o petty_a army_n of_o itself_o in_o the_o next_o place_n come_v the_o battle_n in_o this_o order_n first_o two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o battle_n battle_n general_n in_o person_n attend_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o his_o body_n and_o servant_n behind_o these_o the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n of_o artillery_n after_o it_o come_v in_o due_a order_n the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o the_o general_a officer_n and_o to_o all_o the_o four_o brigade_n which_o compose_v the_o battle_n in_o the_o rear_n whereof_o march_v two_o more_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o sometime_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n after_o the_o battle_n come_v the_o reerguard_n of_o our_o army_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reverse_n of_o the_o vanguard_n for_o first_o rearguard_n rearguard_n march_v its_o baggage_n with_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n next_o follow_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n than_o some_o field-piece_n behind_o they_o the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n who_o have_v a_o party_n behind_o they_o at_o the_o distance_n at_o least_o of_o one_o english_a mile_n to_o give_v they_o advertisement_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v follow_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o and_o a_o very_a commendable_a manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n but_o observe_v to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n especial_o if_o a_o army_n be_v numerous_a these_o three_o great_a body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n if_o the_o country_n convenient_o way_n thâ—se_o three_o body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n afford_v they_o and_o this_o make_v a_o speedy_a march_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o battle_n must_v have_v two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o it_o have_v not_o before_o and_o consequent_o the_o van_n guard_n and_o rearguard_n each_o of_o they_o but_o two_o whereas_o by_o our_o former_a marshal_v each_o of_o they_o have_v three_o when_o they_o divide_v they_o be_v appoint_v to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o place_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v whether_o that_o be_v every_o night_n or_o every_o three_o four_o or_o five_o night_n this_o be_v do_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a march_v and_o â—dgeth_v constant_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o the_o artillery_n and_o these_o great_a officer_n who_o command_v the_o vanguard_n and_o arrierguard_n have_v major_n attend_v they_o every_o day_n and_o night_n beside_o ordinance-horseman_n to_o receive_v their_o direction_n and_o bring_v they_o speedy_o to_o they_o in_o regard_n some_o new_a intelligence_n may_v rational_o move_v they_o to_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n or_o any_o order_n they_o give_v concern_v it_o the_o second_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v in_o two_o body_n battle_n and_o body_n second_o manner_n in_o two_o body_n reserve_n you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o the_o army_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n which_o i_o thus_o order_n in_o the_o battle_n shall_v first_o march_v 400_o command_v horse_n who_o shall_v have_v a_o small_a party_n before_o they_o to_o discover_v next_z they_o pioner_n or_o country_n people_n with_o a_o party_n of_o musqueteer_n or_o firelock_n to_o plain_a the_o way_n than_o four_o brigade_n of_o horse_n next_o they_o field-piece_n than_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o he_o who_o command_v by_o his_o authority_n the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n follow_v after_o who_o come_v the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o coach_n and_o wagon_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n and_o all_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n after_o they_o come_v the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o all_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o the_o brigade_n themselves_o march_v after_o which_o come_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n bring_v up_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o reserve_n follow_v in_o this_o order_n first_o a_o command_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o reserve_n reserve_n foot_n than_o the_o whole_a baggage_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o reserve_v next_o to_o it_o field-piece_n with_o their_o wagon_n of_o ammunition_n after_o they_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n about_o one_o english_a mile_n behind_o they_o follow_v the_o rearguard_n of_o command_a horse_n these_o two_o great_a body_n for_o expedition_n way_n these_o two_o body_n may_v march_v two_o several_a way_n sake_n may_v likewise_o march_v two_o several_a way_n if_o the_o general_n have_v no_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o join_v when_o he_o give_v order_n for_o it_o observe_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o battle_n be_v the_o reserve_v and_o the_o reserve_n be_v the_o battle_n and_o consequent_o more_o brigade_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n than_o in_o the_o van_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n at_o such_o a_o occasion_n the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v the_o three_o manner_n of_o a_o army_n march_v be_v when_o it_o neither_o march_v in_o two_o body_n three_o manner_n in_o one_o body_n nor_o three_o distinct_a body_n but_o in_o one_o entire_a body_n which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v let_v i_o then_o once_o more_o refresh_v your_o memory_n by_o tell_v you_o our_o army_n consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n march_v first_o and_o make_v the_o vanguard_n these_o have_v before_o they_o command_v horse_n pioner_n and_o musqueteer_n as_o the_o other_o have_v then_o follow_v four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o general_n after_o they_o next_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n with_o his_o whole_a train_n after_o it_o march_v the_o other_o four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n compose_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o army_n the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o
contagious_a disease_n rage_v so_o in_o town_n and_o village_n that_o he_o dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o quarter_v his_o army_n in_o they_o when_o he_o suppose_v he_o may_v destroy_v his_o enemy_n by_o temporize_v as_o fabius_n maximus_n who_o use_v to_o subdue_v his_o enemy_n more_o with_o hunger_n than_o the_o sword_n or_o as_o sallust_n say_v the_o great_a commendation_n of_o a_o general_n be_v to_o gain_v the_o victory_n without_o blood_n or_o when_o ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o sometime_o ratio_fw-la status_fw-la make_v he_o stay_v for_o more_o of_o his_o own_o force_n or_o those_o of_o his_o friend_n and_o ally_n this_o oblige_v the_o great_a gustavus_n to_o fortify_v his_o leaguer_n and_o his_o army_n within_o they_o at_z verben_fw-ge and_o at_o nuremburg_n or_o last_o when_o he_o be_v to_o besiege_v a_o town_n fort_n or_o castle_n which_o he_o conceive_v will_v not_o very_o soon_o render_v and_o may_v rational_o expect_v succour_n and_o relief_n be_v then_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o may_v be_v more_o reason_n for_o a_o fortify_v answer_v lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomerie_n disapprobation_n answer_v leaguer_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o lovis_n de_fw-fr montgomerie_n who_o will_v only_o allow_v of_o entrench_v camp_n in_o two_o case_n when_o a_o army_n be_v near_o a_o considerable_a enemy_n and_o when_o other_o lodging_n can_v be_v have_v and_o he_o allege_v that_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o their_o hiberna_fw-la and_o some_o of_o our_o fortify_v leaguer_n will_v be_v only_o good_a in_o arabia_n the_o desert_n but_o not_o in_o a_o country_n where_o town_n village_n and_o incorporation_n may_v be_v have_v but_o beside_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v for_o entrench_v camp_n i_o shall_v say_v to_o montgomerie_n that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o many_o of_o these_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n keep_v both_o their_o winter_n and_o summer_n quarter_n be_v then_o as_o desert_n as_o arabia_n be_v now_o and_o in_o our_o time_n it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o take_v in_o village_n hamlet_n and_o castle_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o a_o fortify_v camp_n or_o if_o a_o fortify_v town_n be_v either_o behind_o or_o on_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o camp_n it_o add_v infinite_o to_o the_o strength_n and_o convenience_n of_o it_o provide_v there_o be_v no_o contagion_n or_o infectious_a disease_n within_o thaâ—_n town_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o which_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o a_o leaguer_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o open_a field_n where_o no_o town_n or_o village_n be_v and_o then_o let_v we_o see_v how_o a_o army_n can_v be_v convenient_o quarter_v in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v so_o capacious_a as_o to_o contain_v all_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v within_o it_o and_o next_o that_o there_o be_v no_o part_n or_o place_n of_o it_o redundant_fw-la or_o useless_a in_o regard_n it_o must_v be_v fortify_v and_o the_o small_a circumference_n a_o fortification_n be_v of_o the_o more_o tenible_a and_o defensible_a it_o be_v and_o the_o few_o man_n will_v maintain_v it_o but_o before_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n form_v his_o camp_n he_o shall_v be_v observant_a of_o such_o consideration_n as_o these_o which_o follow_v first_o if_o he_o can_v choose_v camp_n some_o consideration_n necessary_a before_o entrench_v a_o camp_n he_o shall_v not_o encamp_v in_o low_a ground_n for_o these_o be_v unwholesome_a of_o themselves_o and_o will_v quick_o be_v make_v worse_a next_o if_o he_o encamp_v on_o a_o hill_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v a_o river_n or_o water_n run_v by_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o and_o such_o a_o water_n who_o stream_n can_v be_v divert_v by_o the_o enemy_n for_o a_o river_n or_o deep_a run_a water_n do_v not_o only_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o camp_n but_o defend_v some_o side_n or_o part_n of_o it_o three_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a that_o his_o enemy_n have_v not_o fortify_v place_n or_o garrison_n on_o the_o side_n or_o flank_v of_o his_o camp_n much_o less_o behind_o it_o which_o may_v cut_v off_o the_o pass_v and_o avenue_n whereby_o his_o provision_n shall_v come_v four_o he_o shall_v encamp_v in_o such_o a_o place_n where_o his_o horse_n may_v not_o want_v fodder_n and_o where_o abundance_n of_o hay_n straw_n or_o grow_a corn_n may_v be_v have_v both_o to_o feed_v the_o beast_n and_o for_o the_o soldier_n to_o cover_v their_o hut_n with_o and_o to_o lie_v upon_o five_o if_o wood_n be_v not_o near_o he_o he_o shall_v lay_v down_o a_o way_n how_o wood_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o he_o abundant_o for_o fire_n to_o the_o guard_n for_o dress_v meat_n for_o bake_v and_o wash_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artillery_n for_o palisadoe_n battery_n platform_n and_o bridge_n but_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o great_a and_o thick_a wood_n be_v contiguous_a as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o lie_v within_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n of_o the_o camp_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o and_o two_o or_o three_o sconce_n or_o redoubt_n build_v where_o the_o tree_n stand_v for_o prevent_v ambush_n or_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o after_o the_o camp_n be_v plant_v and_o entrench_v the_o commander_n in_o chief_n will_v order_v provision_n magazine_n for_o provision_n strong_a convoy_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o bring_v all_o manner_n of_o victual_n provision_n and_o munition_n to_o his_o camp_n from_o these_o place_n where_o he_o have_v appoint_v magazine_n to_o be_v keep_v as_o also_o he_o shall_v appoint_v guard_n to_o convoy_n the_o empty_a cart_n wagon_n and_o horse_n back_o again_o and_o cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o use_v the_o country_n people_n kind_o and_o well_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v outrage_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v encourage_v to_o return_v the_o often_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o camp_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v its_o fortification_n camp_n defence_n of_o a_o camp_n the_o draught_n whereof_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o engineer_n by_o enclose_v it_o within_o and_o without_o the_o ditch_n with_o bulwark_n curtain_n redoubt_n sconce_n half_a moon_n and_o tenailles_fw-fr all_o which_o go_v under_o the_o general_n name_n of_o trench_n which_o word_n be_v only_o proper_a for_o the_o fortification_n of_o a_o leaguer_n and_o but_o borrow_v for_o the_o approach_n to_o besiege_a place_n the_o second_o defence_n of_o the_o leaguer_n consist_v in_o its_o guard_n and_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n the_o subject_n of_o this_o be_v the_o orderly_a dispose_n and_o give_v a_o due_a proportion_n of_o ground_n to_o every_o regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n whereon_o to_o pitch_v their_o tent_n or_o be_v what_o castrametation_n be_v build_v their_o hut_n to_o the_o general_n tent_n to_o all_o the_o general_a officer_n to_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n for_o the_o proviant-master_n and_o proviant_a to_o the_o waggonmaster_n and_o wagon_n and_o final_o to_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o army_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a and_o this_o be_v call_v castrametation_n a_o latin_a word_n which_o signify_v the_o measure_v the_o camp_n for_o the_o ground_n must_v be_v proportionable_o give_v out_o by_o a_o equal_a measure_n and_o the_o do_v it_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n this_o officer_n know_v the_o general_n pleasure_n be_v to_o give_v the_o several_a regiment_n general_n a_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o brigade_n their_o town_n village_n and_o hamlet_n for_o their_o quarter_n nor_o must_v any_o of_o they_o offer_v to_o take_v any_o other_o than_o those_o that_o be_v assign_v to_o they_o by_o he_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v though_o but_o for_o one_o night_n the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v bind_v to_o wait_v upon_o he_o and_o receive_v his_o direction_n and_o if_o they_o be_v to_o encamp_v in_o such_o a_o leaguer_n as_o that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v he_o who_o measure_v out_o to_o every_o regiment_n its_o proportion_n of_o ground_n as_o shall_v be_v present_o declare_v it_o be_v he_o likewise_o who_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o the_o old_a fortification_n and_o the_o direct_v new_a one_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o engineer_n be_v proper_o under_o he_o but_o he_o be_v to_o see_v the_o work_n and_o finish_v of_o these_o fortification_n he_o have_v frequent_o a_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n under_o duty_n his_o office_n and_o duty_n he_o his_o office_n be_v very_o honourable_a for_o by_o it_o he_o sit_v in_o all_o court_n and_o council_n of_o war._n he_o shall_v be_v a_o understand_a person_n and_o a_o good_a mathematician_n the_o old_a colonel_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n use_v to_o be_v general_a quartermaster_n but_o that_o custom_n be_v wear_v out_o
where_o ordinary_o clock_n do_v not_o strike_v nor_o bell_n ring_n than_o the_o caporal_n be_v to_o have_v allowance_n of_o match_n which_o they_o call_v passelunt_a whereby_o they_o regulate_v passelunt_n passelunt_n themselves_o to_o relieve_v their_o sentinel_n when_o six_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n of_o it_o be_v burn_v in_o camp_n and_o garrison_n drummer_n be_v to_o beat_v taptoo_o at_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n revallie_o this_o word_n zapzu_n or_o taptoo_n be_v high_a and_o and_o low_a dutch_a and_o taptoo_n taptoo_n signify_v no_o more_o drink_n to_o be_v tap_v or_o sell_v and_o be_v not_o as_o some_o fancy_n to_o advertise_v the_o guard_n to_o place_v their_o night_n sentinel_n but_o to_o acquaint_v sutler_n to_z sell_v no_o more_o drink_n and_o soldier_n to_o go_v home_o to_o their_o lodging_n and_o who_o be_v find_v out_o of_o their_o quarter_n after_o it_o aught_o to_o be_v punish_v it_o shall_v be_v â—eat_n constant_o at_o one_o hour_n summer_n and_o winter_n and_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n be_v a_o proper_a time_n for_o it_o but_o by-guard_n as_o they_o be_v call_v and_o night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o their_o by-guard_n night_n sentinel_n and_o by-guard_n post_n when_o daylight_n be_v well_o near_o spend_v and_o this_o in_o winter_n will_v be_v about_o four_o and_o in_o summer_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n neither_o ought_v the_o last_o night_n sentinel_n to_o leave_v their_o post_n till_o the_o diana_n or_o revallie_o beat_v which_o can_v be_v do_v at_o one_o constant_a hour_n as_o the_o taptoo_n for_o in_o winter_n it_o may_v be_v eight_o and_o in_o summer_n three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o beat_v it_o shall_v not_o till_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n give_v order_n for_o it_o and_o he_o be_v not_o to_o take_v up_o his_o measure_n by_o daylight_n revallie_o diana_n travaille_n or_o revallie_o but_o by_o the_o clearness_n darkness_n or_o mistiness_n of_o the_o morning_n the_o night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o continue_v on_o their_o duty_n till_o they_o can_v discover_v all_o the_o field_n about_o they_o when_o by_o order_n of_o the_o colonel_n or_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n the_o diana_n be_v beat_v at_o the_o head_n watch_n all_o the_o drummer_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o guard_n ought_v immediate_o to_o beat_v and_o then_o the_o night_n watch_v and_o sentinel_n come_v to_o their_o several_a guard_n it_o be_v then_o also_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v be_v in_o their_o quarter_n or_o hut_v all_o night_n and_o either_o townsman_n or_o country_n people_n who_o be_v order_v to_o work_v at_o the_o fortification_n either_o of_o town_n or_o camp_n be_v to_o go_v to_o their_o work_n and_o therefore_o this_o beat_n of_o the_o drum_n in_o the_o morning_n i_o think_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v travaille_n than_o revallie_o chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n previous_a to_o a_o battle_n of_o a_o battle_n itself_o and_o of_o thing_n after_o a_o battle_n of_o all_o martial_a act_n to_o fight_v a_o battle_n well_o and_o gain_v the_o victory_n be_v of_o the_o high_a importance_n and_o make_v the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n most_o renown_v it_o be_v this_o and_o neither_o retreat_n nor_o take_v town_n though_o both_o these_o show_v the_o qualification_n of_o a_o excellent_a captain_n that_o crown_v they_o with_o laurel_n by_o the_o win_n of_o battle_n sometime_o one_o sometime_o more_o kingdom_n be_v gain_v by_o one_o party_n and_o lose_v by_o another_o let_v we_o then_o take_v a_o view_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v advert_v to_o before_o so_o great_a a_o hazard_n be_v make_v most_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o choose_v general_n shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v if_o they_o can_v choose_v suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v i_o say_v so_o too_o if_o he_o can_v help_v it_o and_o what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o but_o that_o his_o intelligence_n shall_v be_v so_o good_a that_o if_o he_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v he_o shall_v either_o quick_o get_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o way_n or_o strong_o entrench_v his_o army_n in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o can_v want_v provision_n but_o when_o he_o have_v do_v either_o of_o the_o two_o he_o may_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v for_o who_o can_v save_v his_o army_n without_o fight_v if_o his_o enemy_n storm_v his_o retrenchment_n or_o in_o his_o retreat_n pursue_v he_o fierce_o and_o powerful_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o fight_v well_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o battle_n succeed_v sometime_o well_o have_v a_o doubtful_a event_n for_o many_o time_n it_o succeed_v well_o as_o it_o do_v with_o alexander_n at_o arbela_n against_o darius_n with_o scipio_n against_o hannibal_n at_o zama_n with_o his_o brother_n against_o antiochus_n in_o asia_n with_o charles_n the_o five_o against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n at_o pavia_n and_o gustavus_n his_o army_n against_o wallenstein_n 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to_o the_o general_n in_o all_o retreat_n great_a care_n shall_v be_v take_v that_o none_o get_v leave_v to_o fall_v behind_o to_o prevent_v which_o not_o only_o all_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a officer_n of_o regiment_n shall_v do_v their_o duty_n but_o the_o general_a marshal_n shall_v severe_o execute_v their_o power_n against_o delinquent_n and_o here_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o shoot_v those_o who_o will_v not_o keep_v rank_a and_o file_n i_o tell_v you_o that_o some_o light_a field-piece_n shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o rear_n for_o there_o they_o may_v be_v serviceable_a and_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o great_a if_o they_o be_v take_v for_o if_o he_o who_o command_v the_o army_n see_v he_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n â—ace_n about_o and_o fight_v nor_o can_v retire_v in_o that_o order_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v hardly_o pursue_v by_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevalent_a enemy_n he_o shall_v rather_o bury_v or_o if_o he_o can_v do_v that_o break_v and_o spring_v his_o great_a ordnance_n retreat_n ordnance_z to_o be_v break_v or_o spring_v in_o sudden_a retreat_n than_o lose_v his_o army_n by_o a_o hopeless_a hazard_n it_o to_o preserve_v his_o artillery_n and_o rather_o leave_v his_o foot_n to_o fight_v for_o good_a quarter_n than_o lose_v both_o it_o and_o his_o cavalry_n for_o the_o rule_n never_o fail_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o save_v some_o than_o lose_v all_o yet_o all_o mean_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o either_o infantry_n or_o artillery_n be_v desert_v i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o stay_v two_o or_o three_o hour_n for_o a_o mortar_n which_o be_v a_o great_a one_o and_o bemire_v in_o deep_a and_o dirty_a way_n occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o prince_n palatine_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n king_n be_v little_a army_n in_o their_o retreat_n from_o lemgaw_n to_o vlotho_n when_o a_o party_n of_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n or_o of_o both_o perceive_v they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o fight_v nor_o retire_v in_o 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he_o count_n get_v with_o a_o imperial_a army_n be_v much_o too_o strong_a for_o he_o banier_n immediate_o give_v over_o the_o storm_n and_o the_o siege_n too_o send_v away_o his_o artillery_n baggage_n and_o foot_n and_o follow_v with_o his_o cavalry_n and_o join_v leslie_n at_o turgaw_n this_o town_n they_o fortify_v and_o bring_v in_o a_o world_n of_o provision_n both_o for_o man_n and_o horse_n and_o resolve_v to_o make_v it_o the_o seat_n of_o war_n against_o all_o the_o imperial_a and_o saxish_a army_n join_v together_o at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o number_n of_o fourscore_o thousand_o fight_a man_n under_o the_o command_n of_o count_n gallas_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o swede_n whereof_o the_o two_o swedish_n feltmarshal_n have_v good_a enough_o intelligence_n yet_o persist_v in_o their_o resolution_n till_o the_o imperialist_n be_v come_v very_o near_o they_o and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o cast_v up_o another_o account_n and_o find_v they_o have_v lose_v by_o their_o stay_n there_o a_o three_o of_o their_o force_n and_o therefore_o though_o a_o little_a too_o late_o they_o resolve_v to_o march_v to_o pomerania_n and_o so_o break_v up_o and_o get_v over_o the_o river_n of_o other_o at_o landsberg_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o opposition_n and_o maugre_o all_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v about_o they_o join_v with_o felt-marshal_n wrangle_n without_o loss_n of_o either_o infantry_n or_o cavalry_n a_o very_a gallant_a and_o memorable_a action_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o they_o shall_v have_v begin_v their_o retreat_n soon_o and_o so_o have_v save_v that_o three_o part_n of_o their_o army_n which_o they_o lose_v next_o year_n banier_n make_v gallas_n retire_v with_o a_o quick_a pace_n than_o he_o have_v make_v when_o gallas_n
to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n out_o after_o he_o have_v come_v over_o the_o wall_n confuse_o this_o interval_n all_o ancient_a town_n have_v and_o they_o call_v it_o pomaerium_fw-la for_o they_o have_v two_o of_o they_o one_o before_z or_o without_o and_o another_o within_o the_o wall_n three_o if_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v to_o the_o shambles_n which_o in_o sieges_n be_v no_o extraordinary_a case_n the_o horseman_n may_v either_o have_v a_o post_n give_v they_o to_o defend_v or_o they_o may_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o foot_n when_o count_n nauso_n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o a_o imperial_a general_n storm_v peronne_n after_o a_o great_a breach_n make_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o it_o he_o be_v beat_v off_o by_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v belong_v to_o the_o lord_n florenge_n who_o leave_v their_o horse_n and_o in_o full_a harness_n with_o pike_n partisan_n and_o halberd_n maintain_v the_o breach_n two_o hour_n till_o they_o be_v relieve_v and_o i_o have_v see_v myself_o horseman_n alight_v from_o their_o horse_n to_o storm_n with_o the_o foot_n the_o estimate_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n for_o maintain_v a_o fortify_v place_n against_o a_o siege_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o some_o will_v have_v for_o every_o bulwark_n of_o the_o great_a royal_a fortification_n one_o thousand_o soldier_n and_o for_o the_o lesser_a royal_a eight_o hundred_o mean_v still_o beside_o the_o inhabitant_n other_o four_z or_o five_o hundred_o soldier_n enough_o with_o the_o citizen_n but_o since_o we_o know_v not_o what_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n or_o whether_o they_o may_v be_v trust_v or_o not_o we_o must_v cast_v up_o our_o account_n without_o they_o some_o therefore_o will_v have_v for_o every_o ten_o foot_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a fort_n six_o soldier_n but_o other_o think_v one_o soldier_n enough_o for_o two_o foot_n and_o so_o five_o soldier_n for_o ten_o ground_n how_o many_o man_n requisite_a to_o maintain_v ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n foot_n of_o ground_n if_o this_o calculation_n hold_v for_o all_o the_o outwork_n counterscarp_n and_o fause_n bray_v as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o fort_n itself_o than_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v deny_v i_o that_o the_o whole_a infantry_n of_o a_o army_n royal_a will_v be_v few_o enough_o to_o maintain_v a_o lesser_a royal_a fortification_n of_o ten_o bastion_n common_o call_v a_o decagon_n but_o let_v we_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o fort_n itself_o and_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o octogon_n that_o be_v a_o town_n fortify_v with_o eight_o bastion_n a_o great_a number_n than_o which_o our_o late_a engineer_n require_v not_o in_o regular_a fortification_n though_o there_o be_v some_o to_o be_v see_v of_o ten_o some_o twelve_o and_o some_o more_o bulwark_n we_o be_v first_o to_o see_v of_o how_o many_o foot_n of_o circumference_n our_o octogon_n will_v be_v we_o shall_v appoint_v every_o curtain_n of_o this_o fort_n to_o be_v five_o hundred_o foot_n long_o a_o engineer_n may_v make_v it_o short_a or_o long_o as_o he_o please_v by_o this_o account_n eight_o curtain_n take_v four_o thousand_o foot_n every_o flank_n shall_v have_v the_o allowance_n of_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o there_o be_v sixteen_o flank_n in_o our_o fort_n they_o require_v sixteen_o hundred_o foot_n for_o the_o face_n of_o every_o bulwark_n shall_v be_v allow_v three_o hundred_o foot_n and_o there_o be_v sixteen_o face_n in_o the_o fort_n they_o must_v have_v four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n add_v these_o three_o number_n 4000_o 1600_o and_o 4800_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 10400_o foot_n allow_v then_o one_o soldier_n to_o maintain_v two_o foot_n of_o ground_n of_o this_o town_n you_o shall_v need_v 5200_o man_n but_o if_o you_o will_v allow_v six_o soldier_n to_o every_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n than_o you_o must_v have_v 6120_o foot_n soldier_n to_o maintain_v this_o octogon_n without_o mention_v octogon_n how_o many_o requisite_a to_o defend_v a_o octogon_n any_o of_o its_o outwork_n and_o how_o necessary_a these_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o dispute_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o long_o a_o enemy_n can_v be_v keep_v from_o the_o principal_a fort_n he_o be_v at_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n man_n munition_n and_o expense_n and_o consequent_o the_o long_a time_n be_v gain_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o who_o the_o besiege_a place_n belong_v to_o provide_v for_o its_o relief_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n many_o outwork_n require_v many_o man_n to_o maintain_v they_o many_o man_n require_v much_o meat_n and_o the_o short_a time_n meat_n last_v the_o soon_o will_v the_o outer-work_n outer-work_n fort_n give_v over_o beside_o the_o moulder_a away_o of_o man_n in_o outwork_n huge_o weaken_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o fort_n itself_o neither_o be_v these_o outwork_n of_o a_o old_a date_n if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o cardinal_n bentivoglio_n say_v that_o maurice_n prince_n of_o orange_n first_o add_v they_o to_o fortification_n i_o dare_v not_o believe_v this_o for_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v not_o above_o sixty_o four_o year_n since_o maurice_n be_v captain_n general_n of_o a_o army_n but_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o octogon_n of_o we_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n for_o who_o the_o fort_n hold_v out_o and_o more_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o that_o fort._n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o fort._n same_o persuasion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n with_o the_o garrison_n soldier_n than_o few_o soldier_n will_v serve_v perhaps_o by_o half_a for_o those_o burgess_n within_o the_o wall_n will_v fight_v stout_o for_o their_o wife_n child_n good_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v pro_fw-la aris_fw-la &_o focis_fw-la but_o if_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v and_o that_o the_o citizen_n be_v to_o be_v mistrust_v the_o governor_n have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o double_a enemy_n a_o avow_v and_o open_a one_o without_o and_o a_o secret_a yet_o a_o certain_a one_o within_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v need_n of_o both_o more_o man_n and_o more_o strict_a watch_n neither_o must_v he_o fail_v to_o disarm_v these_o inhabitant_n and_o command_v they_o for_o most_o part_n to_o keep_v within_o door_n but_o in_o such_o case_n citadel_n be_v ordinary_a these_o fortress_n that_o be_v by_o nature_n strong_a as_o situate_v on_o a_o hill_n or_o flank_v with_o some_o inaccessible_a and_o steep_a rock_n or_o help_v by_o the_o nearness_n of_o some_o river_n or_o marsh_n beside_o their_o artificial_a fortification_n will_v need_v by_o a_o great_a deal_n few_o man_n and_o so_o be_v defend_v at_o a_o far_o less_o expense_n the_o number_n of_o these_o soldier_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v without_o officer_n neither_o be_v you_o to_o imagine_v that_o in_o storm_n or_o assault_v all_o the_o parapet_n how_o musketeer_n shall_v fire_v from_o a_o parapet_n soldier_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o one_o rank_n or_o row_n on_o the_o bulwark_n or_o the_o curtain_n for_o at_o that_o rate_n two_o foot_n be_v allow_v to_o every_o man_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v room_n to_o handle_v their_o arm_n neither_o shall_v their_o give_a fire_n be_v successive_a as_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o time_n of_o storm_n soldier_n appoint_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o a_o post_n shall_v be_v draw_v up_o three_o deep_a or_o in_o three_o rank_n that_o when_o one_o rank_n have_v give_v fire_n over_o the_o parapet_n it_o may_v descend_v and_o the_o second_o mount_v the_o foot-bank_n and_o after_o it_o the_o three_o the_o three_o thing_n requisite_a for_o a_o besiege_a place_n be_v money_n and_o so_o long_o as_o there_o money_n money_n be_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o garrison_n and_o meat_n and_o drink_n to_o buy_v for_o that_o money_n the_o public_a magazine_n of_o proviant_a shall_v not_o be_v touch_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n many_o governors_n cause_n brass_n to_o be_v coin_a some_o leather_n and_o order_v it_o to_o pass_v for_o currant_n money_n engage_v thereafter_o to_o give_v good_a coin_n for_o it_o so_o do_v toyras_n marshal_n of_o france_n forty_o year_n ago_o when_o he_o be_v besiege_v in_o casal_n by_o the_o famous_a marquis_n spinola_n yet_o a_o governor_n shall_v always_o reserve_v if_o he_o can_v a_o stock_n of_o money_n unspent_a for_o all_o accident_n as_o know_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o siege_n will_v increase_v with_o time_n for_o though_o loyalty_n duty_n reputation_n good_a word_n and_o hope_n prevail_v frequent_o with_o soldier_n to_o stand_v out_o against_o all_o hardship_n and_o difficulty_n manful_o yet_o as_o the_o french_a say_v argent_fw-fr faict_n tout_fw-fr sieges_n great_a use_n for_o it_o in_o sieges_n money_n do_v all_o intelligence_n be_v buy_v with_o money_n
fellow_n will_v be_v hire_v with_o money_n to_o go_v through_o the_o strict_a close_a and_o best_a guard_a approach_n and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o do_v in_o time_n of_o a_o sally_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o if_o the_o intelligencer_n have_v agree_v with_o the_o governor_n concern_v the_o precise_a time_n of_o his_o return_n another_o sally_n be_v make_v for_o his_o reception_n at_o the_o time_n of_o a_o desperate_a sally_n at_o the_o reparation_n of_o a_o dangerous_a breach_n at_o the_o work_n of_o retrench_v in_o time_n of_o a_o furious_a cannonade_n or_o when_o a_o assault_n be_v assure_o expect_v a_o largess_n of_o money_n with_o large_a promise_n of_o more_o have_v a_o wonderful_a influence_n upon_o the_o heart_n of_o soldier_n nor_o shall_v a_o governor_n spare_v in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o inhabitant_n a_o governor_n may_v borrow_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n borrow_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o if_o they_o be_v disaffect_v he_o may_v force_v they_o to_o lend_v and_o if_o they_o be_v friend_n it_o will_v not_o be_v time_n for_o they_o to_o hoard_v up_o their_o money_n when_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v all_o as_o the_o unhappy_a constantinopolitan_o do_v when_o sultan_n mahomet_n take_v their_o city_n by_o assault_n the_o four_o and_o five_o thing_n requisite_a for_o a_o garrison_n be_v munition_n of_o war_n ammunition_n ammunition_n and_o arms._n powder_n match_n and_o ball_n shall_v be_v frugal_o husband_v or_o free_o spend_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o store_n wherewith_o the_o fort_n be_v provide_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v lavish_v away_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o siege_n nor_o shall_v it_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o time_n of_o zap_n batteries_n gallery_n and_o assault_n but_o no_o needless_a waste_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o for_o this_o purpose_n a_o considerable_a magazine_n of_o ammunition_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o all_o fort_n especial_o in_o frontier_n garrison_n where_o the_o 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a_o burn_a match_n to_o the_o powder_n chamber_n which_o be_v ordinary_o beside_o the_o appareill_n it_o may_v much_o endanger_v and_o endammage_n the_o besieger_n when_o they_o return_v to_o repossess_v their_o battery_n but_o a_o careful_a enemy_n have_v reserve_v to_o attend_v all_o accident_n many_o time_n pursue_v the_o sallyer_n so_o furious_o in_o their_o retreat_n that_o the_o besiege_a be_v force_v to_o shut_v their_o gate_n against_o their_o own_o people_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o have_v ladder_n at_o the_o counterscarp_n whereby_o they_o may_v descend_v to_o the_o ditch_n if_o it_o be_v dry_a and_o so_o get_v into_o the_o casemate_n but_o these_o be_v for_o most_o part_n leave_v out_o in_o our_o late_a fortification_n i_o know_v not_o for_o what_o reason_n or_o if_o there_o be_v water_n in_o the_o moat_n in_o that_o case_n little_a boat_n may_v receive_v those_o soldier_n that_o can_v enter_v at_o the_o sally_n port._n in_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o 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