in carrying home spoiles of the warres though not of their Enemies Yet all fled not for the Lord Arnheym Field-Marshall to the Duke and an old Souldier together with Colonell Bindauff * Some write him Taub Doue and Vitzthimb with their 4 Regiments brauely yet stood vnto it Steinau a Colonell of Horse was with 4 Cornets taken prisoner by the Enemie who at length perceiving the Kings partie to prevaile brake through the Enemie and assisted his owne side The Imperialists now seeing the Saxons flying cry Victoria Victoria follow follow follow but the old Lad their Generall quickly countermaunded that saying Let them goe wee shall overtake them time enough but let vs beate the Swede too and then all Germany is our owne In this medlie Furstenberg with his old Regiment of Italian Horse having charged quite thorow the Saxons The Count of Furstenberg defeated was now comming vpon the Swedens backe which they perceiving with such resolution second his charge and follow their owne that they chase him almost an English mile from the place so vtterly cutting off dispersing the whole Regiment that they could not recover it all that battell Slaine and here perchance himselfe was slaine In this time the Duke of Holsteyn with his left wing having charged the King The Duke of Hossteyn defeated â—nd slaine was with such resolution and valour answered that after 5 or 6 charges bewixt them the Duke was mortally wounded and taken prisoner his whole Armie defeated and 3 peices of Ordnance taken By this time the King having notice of the Duke of Saxonies leaving the field and that Tilly was ready to charge his battaile presently drawes out 2000 commaunded Muskettiers of the braue Scottish Nation led by Colonell Havord they having some 2000 horse vpon their flancks to staue off the enemie a while The Scots of the Lord Reayes Regiments as t is said first breake Tillyes rancks The Scots ordering themselues in severall small battagliaes about 6 or 700 in a body presently now double their rankes making their files then but 3 deepe the discipline of the King of Sweden being never to march aboue 6 deepe this done the formost rancke falling on their knees the second stooping forward and the third rancke standing right vp and all giving fire together they powred so much lead at one instant in amongst the enemies horse that their ranckes were much broken with it This advantage the Swedish Horse lined with Muskettiers apprehending resolutely falling amongst them vpon their Croopes vtterly now disperse them The foote perceiving their horse vpon whose braverie they so much depended to be thus put to rowte stand sore amazed at that which they so little expected And now the King with his Foote falling in vpon their Van and with his Horse vpon their flancks Tilly vtterly defeated and taken prisoner after 4 houres hard fight vtterly defeated them In this hot service was the Generall Tilly himselfe much distressed and some say prisoner a while though vnknowne vnto the Kings Armie certaine it is that he was twice or thrice wounded with pistoll-shot Wounded which the Saxon writers say was done by their men most affirme that he was fetcht off by the valour of * Brother to him that Papâ—enheym had before taken prisoner about Magdenburgh Rodolp Maximilian Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg that day serving on the Emperors side who fought like a lyon with whom and two other horsemen Tilly came and conjoyned himselfe vnto the valiant Baron of Cronenberg This bold Baron and his Regiment serving in the right wing had 4 times in those 4 houres Tilly rescued charged the Kings Forces and hee at last when no more could be done brauely carried away his Generall in the midst of his owne now flying Troupes Thus notwithstanding that the left wings of both Armies had beene rowted and defeated yet the right wings vnder their old and experienced Cheiftaines stood stiffely brauely to it from 2 in the afternoone till 6 at night by which time the Imperialists were quite defeated and beaten out of the field The Chase being miserably slaine and trodden downe in the chace Had the King had but 3 houres more of day light scarcely had 1000 Enemies come off aliue but the darkenes which was safest for them to flie being not so for him to pursue the joyfull retreate is sounded and the chace given over for that night There were full 15000 of the Enemies slaine vpon the place of battell or in the chace the same night and the dayes following as one of our High-Dutch Relations assures us 14 peices of halfe The Dutch word is Kartunen whence ours The bootie and losses Curtoes or Demi-canons and 16 lesser peices of 8 or 10 pound ball taken Some of them having the Armes of the Emperour Duke of Bavaria and Wallensteyn others those of the Pals-graue the Elector of Brandenburg Duke of Brunswick c. The Enemies whole Leaguer neere vnto Leipsich was taken full standing and in it 3000 Wagons and all their baggage Tents and Pavilions together with a great number of Cattell oxen sheepe Asses poultry bread wine much costly stuffe with some gold and silver Before the Leaguer was there a great square sconce which the Defendants had forsaken And this was as compleate a victorie as possibly could bee gotten Not stolen by night which Alexander scorned but atcheived by fine force in the broad day-light betwixt 12 and 6 in the afternoone No advantage of place to assist the King t was vpon a faire levell and Campagnia No casuall advantage but was against him the wind the wood and higher ground all possessed by the Enemie No advantage in numbers or reputation of men Tillyes were the more the older Souldiers and their Armie was called Invincible Nay one disadvantage had the King as great as possibly could be a maine fleshing to the Enemy a weakning of halfe his own Armie and a discouragement to the rest by the early defeat of the Duke of Saxonie So that all the advantages lay on the Enemies side and the disadvantages vpon the Kings His Majesty lost not aboue 1200 men in the whole fight Cheife men slaine on the Kings side the Duke of Saxonie not full 2000. Of cheife CoÌ„maunders on the Kings side these slaine Baron Teuffell Collenbach Corwille Hall Adergast all Colonells with divers Captaines and Lieutenants On the Duke of Saxonies side these Coll * He is called Bâ—udâ—orp page 36. Bindtauff Starchedell Serjeant Major Holbeirsdorff and Lemminger both Lieutenants Colonells Hans George of Humrott Generall Adjutant On the Dukes Gerstorff Musculus Count Mansfield Lubers Lemminger Carlowitz Willenstein Rockonitz Henneger Lord Otto of Villaz all Captaines of Foote or Horse with Serjeant Major Drandorff whereof some died the same day and some the next Of Tillyes side slaine Of Tillyes side slaine these following Duke Adolp of Holsteyn the Generall the Count of Furstenberg Schomberg Generall of
newes he having that winter time gathered some small company together exciteth the Swedes to vindicate their Countryes libertie In the valourous successe whereof himselfe having beene a chiefe Author is in the yeare 1523. by consent of all the States of the Country chosen King He thus elected refuseth to be Crowned contenting himselfe onely with the title of Governour By authoritie of which dignitie Anno 1527. he summons a Parliament where he propounds the Reformation of Religion in which finding much opposition and little hope he surrenders the Kingdome vnto the States againe The Land thus brought into a streight humbly beseech Gustavus once againe to accept of the Kingdome Thus was he Crowned Anno 1527. becomming the first Protestant King that ever was in the world This same yeare was Rome taken by Charles Duke of Burbon This Gustavus from the time of his Coronation reigned 33. yeares Ericus the eldest sonne of Gustavus succeeded his Father Anno 1560. who reigning eight yeares dyes without Issue Iohn the second sonne of Gustavus succeeded his Brother Anno 1568. Reigned 24. yeares His onely Issue was Sigismund chosen in his Fathers life time viz. 1587. King of Poland and is yet living Sigismund King of Poland succeeded his Father Iohn in the Kingdome of Sweden Anno 1594. He tooke an Oath to maintaine the priviledges of the Kingdome to admit no other Religion then that of the Augustane Confession and to bring in no Strangers Which Oath he palpably now violating first by going about to alter the Religion then by endevouring to enslaue Sweden by making it to be a Province of the Kingdome of Poland Anno 1599. he was in a full assembly of the States of Sweden rejected and deposed and his Sonne Ladislaus then an Infant chosen in his place But with this Condition If within six moneths he were sent into Sweden there to be brought vp in the Protestant Religion Ladislaus Sonne of Sigismund not being sent into Sweden according to the Condition of his Election lost his title vnto the Kingdome And Charles Duke of Suderman the third and youngest Sonne of Gustavus the deliverer of his Country from the oppression of the Polacks was chosen King in the yeare 1601. Gustavus Adolphus the Sonne of Charles succeeded his Father Anno 1612. being the present and hitherto the successe-full Assertor of the Germane libertie Here may it fayrely be observed 1. That all the posteritie of Gustavus which with himselfe are seaven in number were eyther Kings or elected to a Kingdome vnto the third and fourth generation The last whereof and the seaventh in order is the present Gustavus 2. Obserue That Gustavus Ericus the Grandfather of this Gustavus Adolphus obtained a Kingdome by delivering his Country from the Tyranny of the Danes Charles his Father for delivering it from the Pole In which heroicall disposition of his Ancestors Gustavus Adolphus now succeeds his Father and Grandfather in vndertaking this present warre for the asserting of Germany from the pressures of the present Emperour 3. Besides that this Prince is descended of a Family of Deliverers there seemes to be another Omen in his Stile as well as in his Pedigree he writes himselfe King of the Goths and Vandals which Nations haue once heretofore beene fatall vnto the Empire This braue Prince having in the yeare 16â—9 had first a warre with the Pole and then a Peace was by the complaints invitations of the Germane Princes the next yeare brought over into the Empire You haue before heard of the miseries of Germany and yet had the Protestant Princes in their Dyet of Leipsich beene modest in their Remonstrance they had not told you all Stralesundt and Stetin Mecklenburg and Pomerland were so heavily oppressed so sorely over-layd that they had not breath enough left to be heard sigh so farre as the Emperours Court A sound we know is vsually conveighed further along the water then over-land which may perchance be one of the reasons why their complaints are sooner listned vnto in Sweden then at Vienna These Maritime people therefore finding no reliefe ashoare are forced to fetch their succours whence they vsually did their Merchandize out of the Baltick Sea The King of Sweden is allyed with Bogislaus Duke of Stetin and with Iohn Albert and his brother Dukes of Mecklenburg is confederate with Stralesundt and Pomerland and therefore likeliest to be their Friend His safetie much depended vpon theirs had the Emperour beene Maister of those Ports and Sea-coasts he would neither haue beene so fayre a Merchant to him and might withall haue proved a more dangerous and over-maisterly a neighbour Againe this King now having a good Peace had therfore the better leisure His Army being not yet cashier'd the reliefe would not altogether be so chargeable His experience in the warres being great his fame now after the beating of the Pole and two Imperiall Armies in Prussia more he was also thought to be the ablest to deliver them His Majestie therefore being by the pittifull and redoubled complaints of his Allyes his Confederates his Neighbours sollicited over and over againe to come in vnto their rescue that this bare invitation of his Friends might not be censured for a plot betwixt them or not to be cause enough for his comming loe he is even puld over by his enemies provocations But for the greater Authoritie with the Reader we will giue you the just Apologie of that Prince the pressing reasons for his moving with an Army into Germany himselfe having caused to be Printed the Arguments whereof we here abbreviate into Propositions His Majestie first protests That he had not stirr'd at all The King of Swedens Apology complaints no not though he had often beene warned to looke vnto himselfe nor would he take any notice of it vntill some affront or maine occasion of quarrell had beene actually offered by the Emperour That having beene by his oppressed neighbours and Confederates invited vnto their reliefe he for a long time rather expected the Emperours goodnesse towards the Subjects of Germany then desired to interesse himselfe against him with whom he so much desired the continuation of Amitie That the quarrell was first begunne by the Emperour who in the late warres of Prussia betwixt Sweden and Poland had prohibited the King of Sweden to make any Levies of men or provision of victualls or Ammunition in Germany apparently granting the same libertie vnto his enemy the King of Poland That the Emperour himselfe had heretofore sent two severall Armies vnder his own Ensignes into Prussia in ayde of the Pole his enemy the first in the yeare 1627. vnder the Command of the Duke of Holsteyn Walstein was sayd to haue given Arnheim his Commission in these vvords Arnheim goe take 10000 men you must beat the King of Sweden out of Prussia and if you cannot doe it tell him that Walstein vvill come and the second sent 1630. was conducted by Arnheim Marshall of the Feild vnto Walstein That his
side standing there vpon their owne defence with matches Cockt and Muskets vpon their Rests The Swedish comming vp to them they demaund Quarter proffering to serue the King of Sweden vpon condition every Officer to be vnder the King the same they were vnder the Emperour otherwise they would dye like braue men and sell their liues as deare as they could Quarter and Conditions are both granted them so that there still a while they stood But to see the lucke of it just in the meane time returnes Bauditzen who having beene pursuing the enemies horse that fled and now so vtterly rowted them that scarce ten of them remained in a Company and lost them in the mist withall he seeing the enemy stand whole in a body together and not knowing of the agreement falls to charge them with his horse They perceiving this began to suspect trechery in it that the Swedish horse should fall vpon their Reere and the Foot vpon their Van so they should perish betwixt both To prevent which they putting themselues into two divisions turne backe to backe those next to Bauditzen all at once giving fayre fire vpon him That volley made a Fell of many a braue man Bauditzen charges againe charges home and thorough them vtterly breakes and defeats them The other Swedish body of horse hearing the fight and the mist not suffering them to discerne the matter imagined verily that the enemy had beene come backe againe yea messenger comes vpon messenger with the newes A strange cofusion mistake among the Swedish Our men are vtterly defeated And when as some of the horse that had the Van of the Swedens Foote came towards them they certainly beleeved them to be enemies and their owne men to be defeated and thereupon giue fire vpon them The other thinke the Devill to be in it and that their Foote had beene defeated and these to be enemies and therefore fly backe againe to their fellowes Others also comming vpon our Van they fall to charge them the other as fast letting fly at them againe Thus having no Colours with vs wee knew not friends from foes our enemies from our fellowes In this miserable error and mysticall meddly wee continue vntill 4. a clocke at night when by finding some of our owne to be slaine whom we well knew we began to find our mistake The Emperours whole forces both foote and horse were defeated their Canon all their baggage and foure Cornets taken from them All our owne horse except Bauditzens owne Regiment ran away as also the body of our Foote did which were led by the yong Grave of Thurne and Colonell Wallenstein onely the Van of the Swedish Foote stood firme Commanded by Baron Teuffell the Lord Reay and Sir Iohn Haibron So that both the Armies had run away in the mist except Bauditzen and his Regiment of horse and the Van of Foote aforesaid These stayed after the fight to bury their slaine fellowes This prettie kinde of battell hapned vpon the 11 th of November 1630. In which what with those that were slaine by the enemy and what they had killed themselues were 500. men lost The rest partly laughing at their owne mistake partly sorry for their fellowes and Comrades and partly glad to haue defeated the enemy they returne homewards againe Bauditzen and Kniphowsen vnto their siege and the other vnto their Leaguer Presently after this in the middle of the same November were there 182. houses burnt within the Citie the fault was layd vpon the negligence of a servant though others suspected it to be a villany of the besieged Sure it is that there were Letters intercepted by the Swedish which should haue perswaded the Garrison that seeing they could not be relieved the best way were to fire the Towne and by a resolute sally to breake through the enemy This is like vnto the Imperialists practises in other places who at Gartz and Grippenhagen about the same time made stay of all the Boats that came vp the Oder having a designe to fire Stargard with them by that meanes to haue delivered Colbergen The same they threatned vnto Stetin also which made those Townes stand vpon their guard the surer Towards the end of November the Swedes cut off the fresh water that serv'd the Citie In the beginning of December the besieged vpon an advantage sallying out surprize a Lieutenant with some thirtie of their enemies and the Swedish within a while after cut off a Convoy of 180 Wagons laden with Corne and other provisions which was going into the Citie an hundred of which they bring away the rest which they had not time nor meanes to doe they set fire on In February when the King was gone towards Mecklenburg the Garrison making abroad fetch in 500. head of Cattell one with another Thus past there encounters too and againe betwixt them till the end of February the 26. whereof they now finding their provisions to fayle within their hopes without send to parlie with the Swedish Generall who acquaints the King with it His Majestie condescends Colbergen yeelded vp to let them come out with Colours flying matches light full Armes bag and baggage and two peices of Ordnance They were in all 1500. men whereof 9. Companies of foote and two of horse all which were by the Swedish conueyed to Schiffelben whence they were to march vnto Landtsbergen Thus that strong Towne which had been three yeares in fortifying the Country-people for ten or twelue miles compasse having beene enforced to labour at it is now after fiue moneths siege vpon the second of March old stile taken in by the King who found in it 51. peices of Ordnance of a greater bore and 19. smaller Feild-peices 224. barrells of powder with proportionable Ammunition The day after the yeelding a shippe comming with men and victualls for their reliefe not knowing of it falls into the hands of the Swedens A report was also spread abroad in the Country that before their giving vp of the Towne they had digd mines and layd gun-powder and burning matches by it which after two or three dayes should take fire and blow vp the Towne which the Swedes in good time discovering sent after them in all hast to call them backe to an account for their base trechery But this we cannot affirme True it is that they were sent for backe and stayd at Friberg in the New-Marke but this was by reason of Tillyes crueltie at his taking of New Brandenburg at this very time where he put all to the sword The day before Colberg was taken A new league betwixt the Kings of France and Sweden was there a League concluded betwixt the Kings of France and Sweden in these termes 1. That it be for the defence of either of their Friends respectiuely for the securing of the Ocean and Baltick Seas and the freedome of Commerce in them as also for the restoring of the oppressed States and Princes of the Romane Empire and that
returne he lights vpon Walensteyns Sonne the Emperours great Generall drawne in a Coach and six horses guarded with an indifferent Convoy Whom the Kings horse forthwith charging take 120. prisoners and some 35. horses The yong Gentleman quitting his Coach escapes away on horsebacke The plague much raging in SuÌ„mer time about the Army at Gartz Torquats sends the diseased into other Quarters enterteyning 2000. Crabats in their places About mid September there fell out a most bloudy fight The Imperialists beaten wherein those of Gartz were sayd to loose more then 1000. men and yet I report but the third part They about the same time The Sweden beaten beate a Convoy of the Swedes also and bring away 100. horses into their Campe. In the beginning of December some are sent thence into Mecklenburg at other times some others are sent to lye in Garrison in the Townes of the Land of Marck beyond Grippenhagen Others had beene sent to the reliefe of Colbergen some slaine and very many dyed of the plague And thus had this Army beene impayred Grippenhagen therefore being now taken and setled within a day or two after Christmas day the King sends his whole Army to the strong Sconce of Morewitz which served for the guard of the bridge fully beleeving that rather then the Imperialists would loose so important a peice they would bid him battell But the Count of Schamberg who now commanded the Army in stead of Torquato that had lately given vp his Charge notwithstanding he were some 15000. strong perceiving his Army to be ill discipâ—in'd vsed rather to plunder then fight durst not hazard the encounter but calling the Garrison out of the Towne he sets fire to the Ammunition drownes such powder and Ordnance as he could not draw away Gartz forsaâ—â—â—◠〈◊〉 the Imperialists and so without one shot making very confusedly marches â—ff leaving the emptie Towne vnto the King himselfe with all speede hasting to get through Custrine into Landtsbergen a very strong place in the way towards Silesia The King followes him with as much speed as the other fled still beating vpon his Reere The Saxonish Gotish and Swertzenhallish Regiments he so vtterly dispersed that they were fayne to leaue their baggage behinde them They that name least tell vs of 300. Wagons with their burdens besides 14. Ensignes Colonell Sparre with some few Wagons of his owne baggage saved himselfe in Custrine Some others gat through into Landtsberg and others recovered Franckford vpon Oder about which last place they after rallied their forces together againe This was certainly a notable defeate yea so notable that had the King then had Custrine in his hands which he had before desired of the Elector of Brandenburg the enemy had gotten no passage over the Oder at all eyther into Franckford or Landtsbergen yea he had gotten them in fayre Campagnia among his owne garrisons had still followed beating vpon their Reere yea being once in rowt eyther they could never haue made head againe or if they had he had instantly beene vpon the powles of them and so haue vtterly defeated the Imperiall Army Then had Pomeren been quite cleered Franckford Landtsbergen taken at one blow Silesia also had beene left naked yea and Tilly being not yet come vp Magdenburg had beene saved and all Mecklenburg besieged by the Kings Armies But all this fayled for want of Custrine The King returning from the Chase even while the feare and dread of his Armes and the loue of his justice were vpon all the Countrey Coninxberg taken goes in person towards Coninxberg a Towne on the East-side of the Oder not farre from Custrine Here had he not much to doe for that the Townesmen voluntarily brought their keyes and layd them downe at his Majesties feete Thence in person goes he towards Lubus a Fort within a Dutch mile of Franckford almost betwixt it and Custrine and there he pitches his Campe about the 8 th of Ianuary Lockonitz taken old stile About the same time goes Colonell Leslye towards Lockonitz a Castle in the very Frontiers of Pomeren belonging vnto Schulenburg and kept by an hundred Imperialists vpon which place Sir Arthur Leslye comming by night so thunders with his Ordnance vpon them that having beaten downe the gates he falls to enter killing some twentie of those that made resistance and taking some 80. prisoners The Castle was by the King freely given vnto the Colonell that thus tooke it in At the selfe same time falls Bauditzen vpon the Garrison of Piritz Piritz taken a Towne betwixt Grippenhagen Coninxberg in which were some 1400. men these he defeates and so is that Towne taken But the chiefe designe was at the strongest place A designe vpon Landtsberg defeated Landtsberg by name whither Gustavus Horne was sent the King hoping at this same one voyage to haue taken in that also But this designe was for that time put by as we shall hereafter shew when we come to speake of that siege Yet doth not Gustavus Horne loose all his labour for hearing in his returne of fiue troopes of Crabats which vsed with strong parties to make sallies and cavalcadoes and plundering voyages out vpon the Country from out of Himmelstadt a towne some League or two to the Northward some of these he cuts short and others of their Nation in other places about this Landtsberg Thus having in eight dayes space which is admirable taken in so many Cities defeated so many enemies gotten many a great prisoner and now cleered Pomeren and Marckland even from Prussia side all betweene the Rivers of Warta and Oder except Landtsberg he calls his Army together againe sitting downe with it at Coninxberg aforesaid whither he brought 70. peices of Ordnance where he stayed vntill he had increased it with some new levies made for him in the New Marck and had begunne to rayse some Sconces for the securing of the Country Of these Sconces one was hard by Custrine and another neerer vnto Silesia for the guarding of which workes and the blocking vp of Himmelstadt and Landtsberg withall he at his going away leaues 9000. men in Brandenburg-land Whilest this is a doing the King in person goes towards Custrine the chiefe Towne and the strongest of all Brandenburg demaunding to haue that Towne consign'd over into his protection that he might put a Garrison into it and so keepe the enemy from returning over the Oder This request notwithstanding it were by the Elector denyed not daring to doe it as yet the Imperialists being not onely in that Towne but in his whole Country beside and the Governour Krachten disswading it mainly yet thus much courage the Elector after that tooke vnto himselfe that he presently set out a Proclamation against the sharking and stroy-good Imperialists commaunding his Subjects by strong hand to restraine their insolencies and to let none ramble vp and downe the Country but such as had lawfull Passes Now had the King an Army of
foote the Dutchies of Pomerland and Mecklenburg being at the charges of maintaining most of the horse Some may imagine that this was but a colourable deniall in Brandenburg and rather Art then force in the King Their reason is because the King of Sweden is brother in Law to the Elector of Brandenburg as having married his sister and therefore not likely to doe him violence he besides being one of those oppressed Princes whom the King came to relieue So that this they judge to haue beene such a practise as that as they say before of the Duke of Pomerlands was and that Brandenburg seem'd to be vnwilling with what he was glad of that he might haue this answere to giue the Emperour That he was forced to it I cannot tell but this I beleeve that would Brandenburg haue done the King a service he might haue before done it by granting Custrine vnto him and that might haue beene the saving of Magdenburg This I rather beleeue that Magdenburg being thus taken and destroyed the Elector was terribly affrighted and therefore durst not but desire Spandau againe but hearing now that Tilly was gone a fortnights march from him engaged otherwhere and the Dessau bridge broken downe that he could not returne he cōsented vnto the King Well! the agreement being made the King on the same 12. of Iune goes thence by water vnto Stetin there to giue audience vnto the Russian Ambassadour which he did vpon the 14th after By this time there having beene some murmuring amongst the Protestants against the King concerning the taking of Magdenburg as if he had beene too slow or defectiue in his aydes or counsells vnto that Citie His Majestie though in himselfe guiltlesse yet considering that he is cruell to himselfe who is negligent of his owne fame or reputation he thinkes himselfe bound in honour to excuse himselfe and therefore sends abroad this his Apologie which wee haue here abbreviated That he could never by any perswasions or assurances draw in the Citizens of Magdenburg The Kings Apologie concerning Magdenburg to disburse any moneyes towards the levying of any forces for his service and their own safeties no nor so much as to billet or quarter any of his troopes vpon them vntill by the blocking vp of their towne they were compelled vnto it That neither could their owne Prince the Administrator of Magdenburg when in the end of Iuly 1630. he came into their Citie obtaine so much of them which had it beene done Pappenheim had then beene diverted an inexpugnable Fort might haue beene raysed and the Seate of warre haue beene turn'd off from the Citie That the enemy had such potent Agents within the Towne that all good resolutions in others were hindered by them and vnto their trecheries is the ruine of their owne Countrey to be imputed That notwithstanding all this the Citie can witnesse his great care in borrowing moneyes from Hambrough and Lubeck for them which had beene sent vnto them As for any promise from his Majestie which the Citizens may alledge that they relyed vpon they must know that this is to be regulated according to conveniencie possibilitie and the present state of things so that the King might not then endanger the whole action for the particular of one Citie especially seeing their owne negligence had now made his promise impossible to be kept Moreover other most insuperable difficulties haue since fallen out and made his relieving of them impossible As that Imperiall Armie in Pomeren and Mecklenburg which besides that it was farre too strong for him in horse had even then blockt vp all passages from the East Sea vnto Magdenburg That it had beene in vaine for him to haue attempted any further vntill he had first taken in those two mightie passages of Gartz and Grippenhagen That notwithstanding all his diligence he could not conveigh any troopes vnto Magdenburg to any purpose vntill November last by which time the enemy had encroached too farre vpon them That Gartz and Grippenhagen being taken he might haue ruined the whole Emperours Army could he but haue obteined the passage of Custrine but this had bin denyed him by Krachten then Governour of it That hereupon he was faine to let the enemy escape in their flight from Gartz into Landtsbergen nor was he able after that to cleere the Elve of the enemies all this through Krachtens deniall If it had beene expected that his Majesty should then haue joyned battell with Tilly they are to consider the many labours and weaknesse of his forces the hardnesse of the winter and the over-matching power of the enemy who had he wonne the battell had at that blow conquered both Magdenburg and Germany That after Tillyes retyring from him to besiege Magdenburg he had strengthened the Imperiall Army left against his Majesty with 12000 new men laying them vpon all the passages and advantages of Pomeren Brandenburg and Silesia and especially vpon the River Oder and in the Townes of Franckford and Landtsbergen that had he stirr'd to relieue Magdenburg they had come vpon his backe That to shew his willingnesse to relieue Magdenburg he had adventured vpon the taking of Franckford and after that advanced as farre as Spandaw and Potstayn towards it That notwithstanding the Towne so much concerned the Elector of Saxony yet could his Majesty never obtaine of him any aydes towards the reliefe of it or any passage by Wittenberg or the Dessau bridge towards it That the Elector of Brandenburg had not or could not in time deliver him such victualls and shipping as were necessary to it as having a respect vnto what the Elector of Saxony did or would doe That he yet knew not whether these two Electors were or would be his friends or his enemies All this considered his Majesties Councell of warre assured him That with so over-wearied an Army first to passe so many enemies in the way and then to haue set vpon Tilly had ruind all Lastly that he would haue relieved the Towne appeares by the neede himselfe stood in of it seeing vpon the newes of the taking of it he was faine to retyre with his Army and project new designes for his securitie and proceeding This was his Majesties Apologie Suppose now in the meane time the Generall Tilly to be removed from Magdenburg whence in Whitsun weeke about the end of May he departed This knowne the King presently hath a designe of recovering those places and he having forsaken the Elve the King sends towards it Now doth the gallant Bauditzen all of a sudden one night with his Dragonniers passe a shallow place or Foord of the Elve whereby the Imperialists in Werben are taken sleepers kill'd Werben taken and Borg. rowted or imprisoned their Lieutenant-Colonell their chiefe Quarter-maister and their Towne surprised Others at the same time doe as much to Borg within 4. leagues of Magdenburg Tilly now vpon his march hearing of these tydings and fearing withall that the King had an
Leaguer yea they were perceived to rise with their whole Army as the Towne thought and to march to Ottersleben halfe a mile from them All that night was the Lord Falkenburg vpon the walls and perceiving in the morning no danger of assault he calls the Citie together to giue answere to the enemies Trumpet yea so secure they were that the overwatcht Souldiers are suffered to goe from their Courts of guard to take some sleepe and some say that the Townesmen were gone to Church to giue God thankes for their deliverance from the siege Thus the walles being found emptie about 7. on the tuesday morning May 10. Pappenheym having given the word Iesu-Maria to his Souldiers Magdenburg taken and a white string about their Armes makes towards the Heidecker port where having thrown turffs and faggots into the Ditch to fill it thorow it vp to the middle the Imperialists runne with scaling ladders vpon their backes The walls are in a trice mounted the Towne entered and the Souldiers fall to killing Falkenberg now flying in vpon them beates them backe to the very walls againe but a Port being by this time opened and the enemies horse let in the valiant Falkenberg is slaine with a shot the Administrator hurt both in the thigh and head and so taken Whilest all thus goes to wrack a mightie fire breakes out how none knowes and it being a great windie day all was on the sudden become one great flame the whole Towne was in twelue houres space wholly turnd to Cinders excepting 139. houses Sixe goodly Churches are burnt the Cathedrall together with S. Maries Church were by the Monkes and Souldiers diligence preserved Twentie thousand people at least were here killed burned and smoothered six thousand being observed to be drowned in the Elve Tillyes Wallons would giue Quarter to few and the Crabats never vse to giue or beg any so that all were kill'd May 12. came Tilly into the Towne and finding some hundreds of women and Children in the Church he giues them their liues and some bread to maintaine it too Next day he forbids pillaging Vpon Sunday May 15. because he would haue this fayre Cathedrall as like to Rome as might be that is Consecrated in bloud he causes it to be cleansed and new consecrated Masse and With a vengeance can the Papists now say that this Masse was â—â—ruenâ—um â—acrificium an â—nbloudy sacrifice Te Deum being sung in it in thankesgiving for the Victory Future ages may perhaps compare the destruction of this goodly Citie vnto that of Troy or of Ierusalem The King of Sweden who for want of horses to draw his Carriages and Ordnance could not come time enough to the reliefe hearing of it vowed as some say to be revenged rising and retyring a little with his Army There is a prodigie reported in Gallobelgicus portending some dire abodement vnto the Citie Thus. A Citie-Captaines wife dying in Child-bed desires to be ript the childe was found a boy In capite cassâ—dem thoracem ferreum ocreas amplas quas alla modo vocant almost as big as one of three yeares old He had an head-peice and an iron breast-plate vpon him great bootes of the French fashion and a bag by his side with two like Musket-bullets in it This take vpon his credit or vpon theirs that told it him The same day that Magdenhurg was taken had Count Tilly given order for the burning of the Dessau bridge vpon the Elbe where the Multa runnes into it which was the only passage by which the King of SwedeÌ„ might endanger to disturb his siege of this act he much repented him after the taking of the Citie seeing that by destroying of that Bridge he had cut of himself from having any more to do on the further side of the River Being not able therfore to returne that way and hearing of some levies of Souldiers now making by the Leaguers of Leipsich in Saxonie Hessen and Durengen those he resolues by his presence to hinder In the end of May therefore from Magdenburg he remoues leaving 3 Regiments in the Towne to defend what the fire had left The Count of Tilly marches towards Duringen Forsaking the bancks of the Elbe and bending a little westerly at first through the Hercynian forrest he goes with some 20000 men after him in passing through which many of his stragling Souldiers were knockt downe by the Boores of the Country his Ordnance are sent to Gruningen so forward to Allesleben Thither being come he there pitches Pitches at Aldersleben for hither had the Dukes of the house of Saxonie whose Lands lay there about now sent their Ambassadors Pappenheym is now dispatcht towards Havelburg as you haue hefore heard and part of Tillies Cavallerie is sent into Saxon-Weymars Altenburgs Coburgs Swartzenburgs Countries Thence goes he to Eisleben out of which Towne hee drawes a present contribution of 8000 loaues of btead and 40 tunne of beere the Citie of Ertfurt who there had their Ambassadors is forced to yeeld to contributions Thus goes his Army on-wards by slow marches like a Droue or Hoard of Tartars as if they meant to grase and eate vp the Countrey as they went His cheife designe is vpon the great Citie of Ertfurt in Duringen and its neighbour Hessen that lie to the South-west of Saxonie now bearing due West of him Passing therefore into the Countie of Mansfelt he over-spreads the Countries with his Armies for Iune the 9th I find some of them at Sangerhausen others then at Alstedt and some at Arnsteyn all three Townes neere vnto Eysleben and Mansfelt some leagues to the west of Hall Iune the 13th is the greatest part of his Armie so far advanc'd into the Countrey as within three miles of Weymar but these bee his Horses which had layne vpon them ever since Whitsuntide Iune the 15th 112. Cornets of Horse passe the River Vnstrut his Foote at the same time being about Sacbsenburgh and Heildreygen and himselfe then lodged at a Cloister by Oldsleben within 4 leagues of Ertford From hence goes he with part of his Armie to Mulhausen a Citie vpon the River Vnstrut in the Countie of Duringen and neerer to the Land of Hessen whereabouts for a while he stayes Now hath he two designes in hand 1 one for the taking of the great Citie Ertfurt in Duringen for which he had these three reasons 1. besides the wealth of the Towne it would bring about all the Gentrie of the Country 2. If once conquered by the sword then were it the Emperors for ever so that Saxonie must loose his Title of Protector of it and that would breed a quarrell with him which they desired 3. That would breake Saxonies and Hessens levies and saue their spoyling of the Spiritualtie in those parts and in Franconia Round about this Citie therefore hee still lies sometimes at Mulhausen and sometimes at Oldsleben till towards the end of the moneth His second designe was vpon Hessen to
whom at this time hee sends those 4 which some make 5 Articles of which * See Page â—â— we before told you concerning which he receiving no contentment resolues to fall into the Countrey Iune 28. I find Tilly come to Mulhausen from whence he sends his Vant-curriers before him into Hessen Colonel Cratz goes to one place Coloredo vnto Saltzurgen and Creutzberg others towards Eischweg and Vach himselfe speedily resolving to follow with the whole Armie But now is the hooke put into his nose Tilly Marches towards the King and hee is turned backe just by the way that he came For now hearing of the King of Swedens Conquests about the Elbe of Pappenheyms defeate and of Mansfelts poast hast from Magdenburgh he is faine to call off his Vant-curriers againe and about the 10 of Iuly to turne with all speed towards the King of Sweden at Werben forsaking the halfe-destroyed Countries of the Princes of the house of Saxonie How hee there sped wee haue before * told you After which hee againe betooke himselfe into Garleben Wolmerstadt and so at last into Hall And hither now haue wee brought him backe againe the same way he went for he beates over this ground as often as if he were the ordinary Post of the place Tilly counter-marches and returnes into Saxony Perceiving his forces by the 3 late defeates beginning to weaken hee sends for the Count of Furstenberg with his Italian and Bavarian Troupes who was now as wee * See Page 33 told you with 18000 men busied in the Dutchie of Wirtemburg which Countrey together with the Circles of Swaben and Franconia he having constrained to renounce the conclusions of Leipsich was at this instant ready to fall vpon the Landtgraue of Hessen also Now was the Generall Tilly throughly chafed and seing he was not strong enough of himselfe to beate the King he resolv'd to be made strong enough by Furstenberg to beat some body Furstenberg was to come to him by the way of Erdfurt to meete him about Mansfeldt whereabouts he after joyned with him Aug. 16 not that the two Armies vnited themselues into one body for victuals were now so deare that Tilly would not suffer that but for that Furstenburg was now at Tillyes devotion Having thus made vp a compleat Armie of some 45000 men of his owne Wallons and old Germane Troupes Furstenberg's Italians and Bavarians with other old Souldiers they now cald themselues The invincible Army Now was the Generall Tillyes intention with those mightie Forces first of all to haue constrained the Duke of Saxonie to haue renounced the conclusions of Leipsich and to haue made him resigne over his own Army vnto him with which being made vp aboue 60000 strong he was purposed at the Citie and Bridge of Wittenberg to haue passed the Elbe and there to haue set vpon the King of Sweden or haue fallen into Brandenburg Mecklenburg and Pomerland againe Furstenberg being thus joyned the Duke of Saxonie now about Torgau with his Armie at which Towne there is a Bridge over the Elbe is sent vnto by Tilly and invited into Mersburg where a meeting was given him by the Lords Mitternicht and Schomburg Ambassadors from the Emperor together with Bernard cheife Secretary vnto the Generall Tilly. The Ambassadors peremptorily in the Emperors name propound vnto the Duke that his Majesties great pleasure and intention was to annihilate and to breake the Conclusions of Leipsich to commaund there should no more Souldiers be levied by the Protestants but that all their Troupes should be cast and licenced and his Imperiall Mandate in all things obeyed vpon their perills There must be no nay excuse nor delay in the Duke and his finall resolution must be had within a few dayes The Duke desires to consult with his Counsell vpon it and so takes his leaue of them His returne not being speedie enough a Trumpet is sent vnto him for his answer vnto these 4 Propositions whieh we See Page 36. 〈◊〉 where by â—he way there â—a smal error â—f time the Dukes ansvver â—â—ing there â—â—d to be in â—e beginning â—f September â—hereas it was â—out the 24. 〈◊〉 August before told you of and then vpon the Dukes deniall before the Emperours Ambassador whom he then dismisses from his Court the General Tilly not regarding that the Princes of both Leagues and Religions were even now met at Franckford vpon Main for the compounding of differences concerning that which bred rhe quarrell the Reformation and the Church-Lands About Aug. 26. Tilly takes Mersburg takes hee the Episcopall Town of Mersburg aforesaid 3 leagues from Leipsich belonging vnto the said Duke fairely turning out the Garrison with bag and baggage and an oath never to serue against the Emperor and the Catholicke League againe Betwixt this Towne and Hall some 2 or 3 leagues to the North of it he now pitches his Army thence sends he some to pillage the two other Bishopprickes of the Dukes Naumburg Mersburg Naumburg Zeitz which were 3 appropriate Bishopprickes whose Temporalties the Duke held in his owne hands By this it appeares that Tilly had private commission to take the Church-lands from Saxonie also though it had not been discovered till now vpon the same River of Sala with Mersburg and Zeitz vpon Elster the River of Leipsich with other of his Townes and Mannors Aug. 28. Schomberg Generall of the Artillery with the Commissary Walmerode come to the Citie of Hall within a day or two of that time Furstenberg comes thither from Eisleben advancing forwards to get the passage if it might be betwixt Wittenberg and Saxony but that the Dukes going * Pag. 37. to Torgau and Dieben prevented Aug. 29. Count Tilly sends to the Citie of Leipsich to demaund provisions for his Army This denyed vnlesse he brought their Electors consent he the next day plunders all the Country for 3. leagues about and comming by the way of Ranstadt he on that side places his Guards before the very Ports takes possession of the Suburbs peremptorily demaunding their speedy and finall resolution Their answere is that their Duke having lately sent in six Companies of Foote and the Lieutenant-Colonel Pforten to commaund in the Towne seemd rather desirous to defend his owne then to yeeld vnto any such violent motion Hereupon Sept. 3. Tilly with full 40000. men sets downe before the Towne out-come the Deputies to demaund his reasons Leipsich besieged They are threatned with fire and sword if they yeeld not The Citizens resolue to stand to it and the enemy makes his approaches Some greater peices be mounts on that side towards Pfaffendorff vpon the hill nere the Euteritzch Sconces so to cut off all provisions from comming in On Sunday Sept. 4. the Towne sets fire on their owne faire Suburbs to prevent the enemies lodging in â—â—m killing that day with a peice of Ordnance one that stood hard besides the Generall Tilly. He thus enraged batters them
the Ordnance Erfft Serjeant Major Generall Baumgarten Coloredo Gallas Wallensteyn Lebel and Zabilli all Colonels Caratelle Lieutenant Colonell together with the Lieutenant Colonels of the Regiments of Saricour Hartzfeldt and of the Duke of Saxon Lawenberg with divers others whose dead and naked bodies were not knowne besides Captaines and Lieutenants both of horse and foote and many braue Cavaliers moe which died either vpon the place or in the Townes of Delitz Eylenberg and Leipsich whither they had fled Prisoners Taken prisoners the Generall Adjutant Zinzendorff the Imperiall Commissaries Generall Walmerode and Graff with Coronino Blankhard Barcelli Kratz Hazelung Larme Klinzi and Wincleman all Colonels together with Bernhard that was Tillyes Treasurer and Secretarie divers Captaines and some Iesuites who no doubt came thither to blesse the Armie Divers Protestants were also taken who betooke themselues vnto his Majesties service Tillyes manly heart t is said could not refraine his teares when he perceived his braue old Souldiers thus going to wracke The whole fault he laid vpon his own Horsmen who after a few hard charges cowardly ran away and never made head againe Tilly and Papâ—eâ—heym flee Tilly himselfe thus wounded as he was made shift to flie into Hall that night 7 Dutch miles from the place of battell from whence in a hackney Coach both hee and Pappenheym fled the next day towards Halberstadt Some 200 Muskettiers followed their Generall about 2000 Horse rallying themselues together in all haste went also after him Reported it was that Tilly should haue his wounds dressed by the Town-Barbar of Hall who it seemes affirmed to the King that Tillyes body was hard-shot or shot-free and that the bullets had not peirced the flesh but made bruises rather in his arme necke and shoulder and that to his horrible torment he was faine to endure to haue the bruised flesh cut out to the very hard bone Whether this were so or no wee leaue vpon the Barbars credit and because we haue not heard it seconded out of Germanie we are loath to charge so braue a Warriour with so base an imputation as to owe his life vnto a * Most surely such a practise there is of which no souldier in Germanie makes doubt The Charme which they weare makes their bodies Gefrorn that is frozen and hard If they shew it by day time it looses its force No bullet nor iron weapon can pierce them 100. shots at least haue bin made vpon one fellow that braved the English at Stoade his cloathes were shot to peices and the wast-band of his breeches which he taking vp went his way This hath beene an old practise of Mithraes souldiers 2000. yeares agoe who made themselues invulnerable both against weapons frost and fire Charm which is practised by none but the reprobate raskalitie of the Armie No man since the King of Portugall hath been so often kill'd and revin'd by report as Tilly hath beene yea that side would haue him to bee yet aliue Hee was said to speake of nothing but peace and of making a good Peace which is indeed farre more happy then victorie The Chase and slaughter being done which continued all the next day the day after Sept. 9. went the King on to Mersburg whence he ferretted out the Imperialists that had fled thither from the battell 3000 whereof hee entertained into his own service by which others of Tillyes takeÌ„ on before and after he was made 7000 stronger then he was in the day of battell Sept. 10. he besieged Hall which the next day was yeelded vnto him The Castle of Morisberg hee tooke in Sept. 12. where he made Sergeant Major Groschen and Captaine Wincleman prisoners whom he delivered to the Duke of Saxonie redeeming Colonell Vrseler with some others that had beene taken prisoners at Magdenburg taking the Protestants which lay in Garrison in it into his owne service From Hall his Majestie commaunded divers Regiments of Horse and Foote to goe towards Halberstadt Mansfeldt Regenstein Stolberg Hohenstein Magdenburg and Brunswicke to scoure those Coasts of the Imperiâ—lists who hearing of the Swedens comming packt with all speed away towards the River Weser after their Generall Tilly. And hereabouts the Priests Monkes lately put in by the Emperors commissioÌ„ now flying away were the late-exiled Ministers by the King restored vnto their Churches Whilest the King was busie hereabouts the Elector of Saxonie employes himselfe about the reducing of his owne Towne of Leipsich and the Fort Pleisenbergh vnto his obedience This Fort had Iohn Vopelius a Saxon the Captaine of it cowardly delivered vp vnto Tilly before ever any force was offered to it and that vpon the day of battell so soone as he heard the fight begin Leipsich being besieged by the Duke Leipsich taken againe vpon Sept. 12. in the evening come there 350 Imperialists out of the Fort aforesaid into the Citie Sept. 13. before noone Colonell Wangler left Governour in the Towne by Tilly parlies and yeelds wherevpon 3000 souldiers almost are suffered to depart The conditions were to haue 18 wagons of bag and baggage 10 red Ensignes furled not displayed or flying swords by their sides onely and without sound of drumme Some of these forthwith betooke themselues vnto the Dukes service and wheras after the fight some had gotten themselues into the Town more then were by agreement to come in when the Towne was first yeelded vnto Tilly these the Duke layes hold of and retaines as prisoners Among these was Coronino and Count Walmerod the Commissary Zintzendorff all afore mentioned with some Iesuites The rest were to be conducted into Bohemia where the Boores were ready with club-law to entertaine them Altringer and Fâ—gger retire Whilest this is done the other 2 Imperial Generals Altringer and Fugger who were with 6000 men come as farre as Erdfurt to haue joyned with Tilly hearing of his defeate runne about the Duringer forrest like mice whose holes were stopt retiring now with all speed and seeking by some otherway to conjoyne themselues with him And now no enemie being neere the King of Sweden sends for the Duke of Saxonie other the great Commaunders of his Army to come to Hall vnto him The King cals a Councell of warre A Councell of warre is there held which way to keepe the enemie from gathering head againe and how to pursue the â—â—â—torie the second part of a Conqueror being to know as well how to vse his victorie as how to winne it And at this consultation we leaue them much about Michaelmas FINIS