first_o action_n he_o determine_v likewise_o without_o more_o ado_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o mona_n mona_n the_o island_n mona_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v will_v have_v be_v conquer_v by_o paulinus_n if_o a_o revolt_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n have_v not_o prevent_v he_o but_o this_o design_n be_v not_o lay_v before_o they_o want_v ship_n for_o the_o expedition_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o contrivance_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o general_n he_o command_v a_o choice_a body_n of_o auxiliaries_n who_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o those_o shallows_n and_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o native_a country_n able_a in_o swim_v to_o govern_v themselves_o their_o horse_n and_o their_o arm_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o throw_v aside_o their_o luggage_n and_o march_v over_o sudden_o which_o be_v so_o effectual_o do_v that_o the_o enemy_n who_o expect_v a_o fleet_n and_o be_v think_v of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o sea_n that_o must_v be_v first_o pass_v be_v surprise_v and_o daunt_v as_o suppose_v nothing_o can_v be_v hard_a or_o invincible_a to_o man_n that_o begin_v a_o war_n with_o such_o resolution_n thus_o a_o peace_n be_v seek_v the_o island_n surrender_v and_o agricola_n become_v great_a and_o famous_a as_o have_v upon_o his_o first_o entrance_n a_o time_n usual_o spend_v in_o ostentation_n and_o ceremony_n encounter_v so_o much_o toil_n and_o hazard_v with_o such_o success_n however_o agricola_n not_o grow_v vain_a upon_o the_o success_n will_v not_o allow_v this_o to_o be_v a_o victory_n or_o expedition_n which_o be_v only_o to_o keep_v those_o in_o order_n who_o be_v former_o subdue_v he_o will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o suffer_v the_o news_n of_o it_o to_o be_v adorn_v with_o laurel_n but_o by_o this_o endeavour_n to_o conceal_v his_o glory_n he_o real_o make_v it_o the_o more_o eminent_a every_o one_o think_v what_o strong_a presumption_n he_o must_v have_v of_o large_a performance_n hereafter_o that_o will_v diminish_v and_o lessen_v the_o greatness_n of_o this_o action_n now_o know_v the_o disposition_n and_o temper_n of_o his_o province_n and_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o sad_a experience_n of_o other_o that_o affair_n will_v never_o be_v settle_v by_o fight_v while_o wrong_n and_o injury_n be_v permit_v he_o resolve_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n and_o to_o begin_v at_o himself_o first_o he_o make_v a_o reformation_n of_o his_o own_o family_n a_o thing_n no_o less_o difficult_a to_o some_o than_o to_o govern_v a_o province_n he_o commit_v no_o public_a business_n to_o the_o management_n of_o his_o servant_n or_o his_o freeman_n he_o will_v never_o advance_v his_o soldier_n upon_o private_a and_o particular_a end_n nor_o upon_o the_o recommendation_n and_o intercession_n of_o any_o captain_n but_o will_v still_o raise_v the_o best_a take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o such_o will_v be_v most_o faithful_a he_o have_v a_o eye_n upon_o every_o thing_n but_o will_v not_o rigorous_o exact_a performance_n as_o for_o small_a fault_n he_o will_v pardon_v they_o but_o will_v severe_o correct_v those_o that_o be_v heinous_a however_o punishment_n be_v not_o always_o inflict_v by_o he_o often_o the_o repentance_n of_o the_o offender_n be_v take_v for_o the_o offence_n choose_v rather_o not_o to_o prefer_v such_o as_o be_v like_a to_o offend_v than_o to_o have_v they_o condemn_v for_o it_o he_o make_v the_o payment_n of_o corn_n and_o tribute_n which_o be_v impose_v more_o easy_a and_o tolerable_a by_o lay_v it_o on_o equal_o and_o cut_v off_o the_o exaction_n which_o be_v a_o great_a grievance_n than_o the_o tribute_n itself_o for_o the_o people_n be_v compel_v before_o to_o wait_v the_o open_n of_o the_o public_a granary_n and_o both_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v their_o own_o corn_n after_o the_o rate_n set_v to_o they_o the_o purveyor_n also_o will_v command_v they_o to_o carry_v it_o about_o and_o into_o far_o distant_a place_n so_o that_o the_o country_n shall_v sometime_o carry_v from_o the_o near_a camp_n to_o those_o which_o be_v far_o off_o and_o out_o of_o the_o way_n till_o to_o the_o particular_a gain_n of_o these_o every_o place_n compound_v for_o carry_v where_o it_o may_v most_o convenient_o by_o a_o redress_n of_o these_o grievance_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o lieutenancy_n he_o bring_v peace_n into_o some_o credit_n which_o by_o the_o neglect_n or_o connivance_n of_o his_o predecessor_n be_v little_o less_o odious_a than_o war_n itself_o vespasian_n die_v now_o about_o who_o upon_o these_o victory_n and_o his_o own_o personal_a valour_n under_o claudius_n be_v thus_o address_v to_o by_o valerius_n flaccus_n tuque_fw-la o_o pelagi_fw-la qui_fw-la major_a aperti_fw-la fama_fw-la caledonius_fw-la postquam_fw-la tua_fw-la carbasa_fw-la vexit_fw-la oceanus_n phrygios_fw-la prius_fw-la indignatus_fw-la julos_fw-la o_o you_o who_o glorious_a reign_n can_v boast_v new_a triumph_n over_o the_o conquer_a main_n since_o your_o bold_a navy_n pass_v the_o british_a sea_n that_o scorn_v the_o caesar_n and_o the_o roman_a sway_n emperor_n titus_n emperor_n when_o titus_n who_o be_v the_o love_n of_o the_o world_n succeed_v his_o father_n agricola_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o summer_n come_v on_o draw_v his_o army_n together_o those_o who_o in_o their_o march_n behave_v themselves_o modest_o he_o commend_v but_o those_o who_o go_v loose_a and_o straggle_a be_v reprimand_v by_o he_o he_o always_o choose_v the_o place_n of_o encampment_n himself_o and_o will_v still_o try_v the_o frith_n and_o thicket_n first_o in_o person_n and_o that_o his_o own_o territory_n may_v not_o be_v pillage_v by_o the_o enemy_n he_o will_v never_o give_v they_o quiet_a or_o leisure_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o excursion_n and_o then_o when_o he_o think_v he_o have_v sufficient_o alarm_v they_o he_o will_v give_v over_o that_o they_o may_v again_o taste_v the_o happiness_n of_o peace_n by_o these_o mean_n many_o city_n which_o live_v upon_o equal_a term_n till_o that_o time_n give_v hostage_n and_o submit_v themselves_o receive_v our_o garrison_n and_o permit_v we_o to_o build_v castle_n among_o they_o which_o he_o perform_v with_o that_o care_n and_o prudence_n that_o these_o be_v the_o only_a new_a fort_n in_o britain_n that_o be_v never_o attempt_v afterward_o the_o follow_a winter_n be_v spend_v in_o a_o wise_a project_n for_o whereas_o the_o britain_n live_v after_o a_o rude_a straggle_a manner_n and_o therefore_o ready_a to_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n upon_o every_o occasion_n that_o by_o pleasure_n he_o may_v induce_v they_o to_o rest_n and_o quietness_n he_o exhort_v they_o private_o and_o public_o assist_v they_o to_o build_v temple_n place_n of_o public_a resort_n and_o fine_a house_n those_o that_o be_v forward_o he_o commend_v but_o those_o who_o be_v slow_a and_o backward_o he_o reprove_v and_o thus_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v his_o favourite_n impose_v a_o kind_n of_o necessity_n upon_o they_o moreover_o he_o take_v care_n to_o have_v noble_a man_n son_n bring_v up_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o 〈◊〉_d liberal_a art_n prefer_v the_o part_n of_o the_o britainâ—_n hâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d â—se_n of_o the_o gaul_n so_o that_o they_o who_o but_o late_o despise_v the_o roman_a language_n do_v now_o affect_v and_o study_v the_o grace_n of_o it_o from_o that_o time_n also_o our_o mode_n and_o dress_n become_v in_o request_n among_o they_o and_o the_o toga_fw-la the_o toga_fw-la gown_n common_o wear_v thus_o by_o degree_n they_o come_v at_o last_o to_o those_o excitement_n to_o debauchery_n portico_n bath_n and_o banquet_n which_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o genteelness_n among_o the_o ignorant_a when_o they_o be_v indeed_o but_o badge_n of_o their_o yoke_n and_o bondage_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o war_n here_o he_o discover_v new_a country_n waste_v all_o along_o as_o he_o march_v to_o the_o very_a taus_n for_o that_o be_v the_o aestuary_n name_n tauâ—_n aestuarie_n of_o tauâ—_n which_o so_o terrify_v the_o enemy_n that_o though_o our_o army_n be_v sad_o harrass_v with_o ill_a weather_n yet_o they_o dare_v not_o give_v we_o battle_n beside_o he_o have_v leisure_n to_o build_v fort_n and_o castle_n where_o he_o please_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o skilful_a in_o these_o art_n that_o no_o captain_n whatsoever_o have_v choose_v out_o place_n more_o to_o advantage_n than_o he_o do_v no_o castle_n of_o his_o raise_n be_v ever_o take_v by_o force_n surrender_v upon_o term_n or_o quit_v as_o uncapable_a of_o defence_n their_o sally_n be_v frequent_a and_o they_o be_v always_o prepare_v with_o a_o year_n provision_n against_o long_a siege_n thus_o we_o winter_v there_o without_o fear_n each_o one_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v itself_o which_o disappoint_v the_o enemy_n and_o make_v they_o despair_v for_o as_o former_o they_o will_v regain_v in_o
garden_v nor_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o husbandry_n they_o have_v many_o potentate_n among_o they_o in_o battle_n they_o use_v chariot_n in_o great_a number_n town_n british_a town_n as_o some_o of_o the_o gaul_n do_v wood_n among_o they_o be_v instead_o of_o city_n for_o have_v cut_v down_o tree_n and_o enclose_v a_o large_a round_a plat_n of_o ground_n with_o they_o there_o they_o build_v hut_v to_o live_v in_o and_o make_v fold_n for_o their_o cattle_n which_o be_v not_o design_v to_o endure_v long_o caesar_n likewise_o it_o be_v count_v a_o town_n among_o the_o britain_n when_o some_o thick_a wood_n be_v fence_v round_o with_o a_o trench_n and_o rampire_n where_o to_o avoid_v incursion_n they_o retire_v and_o take_v refuge_n diodorus_n siculus_n the_o britain_n live_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o the_o ancients_n do_v they_o fight_v in_o chariot_n as_o the_o ancient_a hero_n of_o greece_n be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v in_o the_o trojan_a war_n their_o house_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v make_v of_o reed_n or_o wood_n they_o house_n their_o corn_n in_o the_o ear_n and_o thresh_v out_o no_o more_o at_o a_o time_n than_o may_v serve_v they_o for_o one_o day_n they_o be_v plain_a and_o upright_o in_o their_o deal_n and_o far_o from_o the_o craft_n and_o subtlety_n of_o our_o countryman_n their_o food_n be_v plain_a and_o natural_a and_o have_v nothing_o of_o the_o dainty_n of_o rich_a man_n the_o island_n be_v very_o populous_a pomponius_n mela._n britain_n have_v its_o nation_n and_o its_o king_n over_o they_o but_o all_o in_o it_o be_v barbarous_a and_o as_o they_o be_v at_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o continent_n so_o they_o be_v the_o more_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o wealth_n and_o riches_n in_o other_o place_n they_o consist_v whole_o in_o cattle_n and_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o ground_n they_o 29._o ultro_fw-la corpora_fw-la infecti_fw-la but_o in_o the_o margin_n glasto_fw-la vel_fw-la vitro_fw-la vid._n pag._n 29._o paint_v their_o body_n whether_o for_o show_v and_o beauty_n or_o some_o other_o reason_n be_v uncertain_a they_o make_v war_n at_o pleasure_n and_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n upon_o one_o another_o prompt_v chief_o by_o a_o ambition_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o enlarge_n their_o territory_n they_o fight_v not_o only_o on_o horseback_n and_o on_o foot_n but_o also_o in_o their_o wagon_n and_o chariot_n arm_v after_o the_o way_n in_o gaul_n where_o they_o call_v they_o covins_n with_o hook_n and_o scythe_n at_o the_o axletree_n of_o they_o cornelius_n tacitus_n the_o britain_n be_v near_a to_o the_o gaul_n and_o like_v they_o either_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o original_n or_o because_o that_o in_o country_n opposite_a to_o one_o another_o a_o like_a climate_n give_v a_o like_a make_v and_o complexion_n to_o the_o body_n of_o each_o people_n however_o if_o a_o man_n consider_v all_o it_o be_v probable_a this_o neighbour_a country_n be_v people_v by_o the_o gaul_n one_o find_v the_o same_o religious_a rite_n and_o superstitious_a opinion_n among_o they_o their_o language_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o one_o another_o and_o they_o be_v alike_o bold_a and_o forward_o in_o any_o dangerous_a enterprise_n and_o likewise_o upon_o encounter_n alike_o cowardly_a in_o give_v over_o and_o decline_v yet_o the_o britain_n show_n more_o heat_n and_o fierceness_n than_o the_o other_o as_o be_v not_o yet_o soften_v and_o render_v effeminate_a by_o much_o peace_n for_o we_o find_v that_o the_o gaul_n likewise_o be_v once_o famous_a for_o their_o war_n till_o with_o peace_n idleness_n come_v in_o among_o they_o and_o their_o bravery_n go_v to_o wreck_n as_o well_o as_o their_o liberty_n which_o very_o thing_n be_v befall_v those_o britain_n who_o be_v former_o conquer_v whereas_o the_o rest_n continue_v such_o as_o the_o gaul_n be_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o arm_n consist_v in_o their_o infantry_n and_o some_o of_o their_o nation_n fight_v in_o chariot_n the_o great_a person_n among_o they_o still_o drive_v his_o servant_n defend_v he_o heretofore_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o king_n but_o now_o they_o be_v draw_v under_o petty_a prince_n into_o party_n and_o faction_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n of_o more_o considerable_a advantage_n to_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o most_o powerful_a nation_n of_o they_o than_o their_o not_o concert_v one_o common_a interest_n seldom_o above_o one_o or_o two_o city_n unite_v against_o a_o common_a enemy_n so_o that_o whilst_o every_o one_o fight_v single_o all_o be_v conquer_v in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v common_a among_o the_o britain_n to_o consult_v the_o god_n by_o survey_v the_o entrail_n of_o beast_n and_o to_o go_v to_o war_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o woman_n they_o make_v no_o distinction_n of_o sex_n in_o point_n of_o government_n and_o therefore_o some_o learned_a man_n think_v aristotle_n speak_v of_o the_o britain_n 7._o polit._n 2._o c._n 7._o where_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o warlike_a nation_n beyond_o the_o celtae_n subject_n to_o the_o government_n of_o woman_n dio_fw-mi nicaeus_fw-la out_o of_o xiphilin_n epitome_n concern_v the_o britain_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n they_o till_o no_o ground_n but_o live_v upon_o prey_n and_o hunt_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o tree_n fish_n though_o they_o have_v in_o great_a plenty_n they_o will_v not_o taste_v they_o dwell_v in_o tent_n naked_a and_o without_o shoe_n they_o use_v their_o wife_n in_o common_a and_o bring_v up_o all_o the_o child_n among_o they_o the_o commonalty_n govern_v for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o rob_v at_o pleasure_n and_o fight_v in_o chariot_n their_o horse_n be_v small_a and_o swift_a they_o themselves_o run_v at_o a_o great_a rate_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o a_o engagement_n they_o be_v firm_a and_o immovable_a their_o weapon_n be_v a_o shield_n and_o a_o short_a spear_n in_o the_o low_a end_n whereof_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o brass_n like_o a_o apple_n that_o by_o shake_v it_o they_o may_v terrify_v the_o enemy_n polyolb_n seld._n p_o raef_n ad_fw-la polyolb_n they_o have_v dagger_n also_o and_o they_o endure_v hunger_n cold_a and_o all_o kind_n of_o labour_n with_o wonderful_a patience_n for_o in_o the_o beg_v to_o the_o very_a head_n they_o will_v continue_v many_o day_n without_o food_n in_o the_o wood_n they_o live_v upon_o bark_n of_o tree_n and_o root_n they_o have_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o meat_n ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n of_o which_o if_o they_o take_v but_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o bean_n they_o be_v neither_o hungry_a nor_o dry_a herodian_a they_o know_v not_o the_o use_n of_o clothes_n but_o about_o their_o neck_n and_o belly_n they_o wear_v iron_n think_v that_o a_o ornament_n and_o a_o sign_n of_o their_o great_a riches_n as_o other_o barbarian_n do_v gold_n they_o paint_v their_o body_n with_o sundry_a colour_n with_o all_o kind_n of_o animal_n represent_v in_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o put_v on_o no_o clothes_n lest_o they_o hide_v and_o cover_v it_o the_o people_n be_v warlike_a and_o bloody_a arm_v with_o a_o narrow_a shield_n only_o and_o a_o spear_n and_o last_o a_o sword_n hang_v by_o their_o naked_a body_n they_o be_v altogether_o stranger_n to_o the_o use_n either_o of_o a_o coat_n of_o mail_n or_o helmet_n suppose_v that_o will_v prove_v but_o burdensome_a to_o they_o when_o they_o march_v over_o hog_n and_o moss_n from_o which_o so_o much_o fog_n and_o vapour_n be_v exhale_v that_o the_o air_n in_o those_o part_n be_v always_o thick_a and_o cloudy_a britain_n magic_n in_o britain_n what_o remain_v which_o be_v but_o little_a now_o i_o will_v pick_v up_o here_o and_o there_o and_o set_v down_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v pliny_n of_o magic_n but_o why_o shall_v i_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o thing_n in_o a_o art_n which_o have_v traverse_v the_o ocean_n and_o reach_v the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o nature_n britain_n at_o this_o day_n honour_v it_o with_o so_o much_o pomp_n and_o ceremony_n that_o one_o will_v imagine_v the_o persian_n have_v be_v teach_v it_o by_o they_o the_o same_o author_n there_o grow_v in_o gaul_n a_o herb_n like_o plantine_n woad_n glastum_fw-la woad_n call_v glastum_fw-la wherewith_o the_o british_a wife_n and_o virgin_n die_v their_o body_n all_o over_o resemble_v blackamoor_n by_o that_o tincture_n and_o so_o they_o be_v wont_v at_o certain_a sacrifice_n to_o go_v naked_a the_o choice_a food_n among_o they_o be_v your_o chenerote_n chenerote_n chenerote_n a_o kind_n of_o fowl_n less_o than_o a_o wild_a goose_n the_o britain_n wear_n ring_v upon_o their_o middle_a finger_n they_o manure_v their_o ground_n with_o marga._n with_o marga._n marle_n paint_v manner_n of_o paint_v solinus_z tell_v we_o that_o they_o paint_v themselves_o with_o certain_a mark_n which_o tertullian_n call_v britonum_fw-la stigmata_fw-la he_o say_v far_a the_o country_n be_v partly_o
winter_n what_o they_o lose_v in_o summer_n they_o be_v now_o worsted_n alike_o in_o both_o season_n in_o all_o these_o action_n agricola_n will_v never_o rob_v another_o of_o the_o honour_n due_a to_o he_o but_o let_v he_o be_v captain_n or_o whatever_o other_o officer_n he_o will_v faithful_o attest_v the_o bravery_n of_o the_o action_n some_o have_v count_v he_o too_o sharp_a and_o bitter_a in_o his_o reproof_n and_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o as_o he_o be_v affable_a and_o courteous_a to_o the_o good_a so_o be_v he_o morose_v to_o the_o bad_a but_o then_o anger_n never_o continue_v long_o than_o the_o reprehension_n last_v if_o he_o pass_v a_o thing_n by_o without_o notice_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n upon_o that_o account_n for_o he_o think_v it_o more_o excusable_a even_o to_o commit_v the_o offence_n than_o to_o hate_v a_o offender_n the_o four_o summer_n be_v spend_v in_o settle_v what_o he_o have_v already_o overrun_v and_o if_o the_o valour_n of_o his_o army_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n can_v have_v permit_v it_o they_o need_v not_o have_v seek_v any_o other_o boundary_a in_o britain_n glota_n and_o bodotria_n the_o two_o arm_n of_o opposite_a sea_n which_o shoot_v into_o the_o country_n be_v part_v by_o a_o narrow_a strip_v of_o land_n only_o which_o be_v then_o secure_v by_o our_o garrison_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v master_n of_o all_o on_o this_o side_n have_v pen_v up_o the_o enemy_n as_o it_o be_v within_o another_o island_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o this_o war_n agricola_n first_o take_v ship_v and_o sail_v over_o to_o certain_a nation_n never_o before_o know_v of_o which_o after_o many_o prosperous_a encounter_n he_o subdue_v and_o then_o put_v garrison_n into_o those_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o lie_v towards_o ireland_n more_o out_o of_o hope_n than_o out_o of_o fear_n for_o ireland_n ireland_n ireland_n be_v situate_v between_o spain_n and_o britain_n and_o lie_v convenient_a for_o the_o french_a sea_n will_v 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out_o of_o sight_n about_o this_o time_n die_v titus_n who_o for_o these_o exploit_n of_o agricola_n be_v salute_v emperor_n fifteen_o time_n as_o xiphilin_n tell_v we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o a_o old_a coin_n under_o domitian_n agricola_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o lieutenancy_n be_v apprehensive_a of_o a_o general_a insurrection_n civitates_fw-la insurrection_n ampla_fw-la civitas_n al._n amplas_fw-la civitates_fw-la in_o those_o large_a city_n and_o remote_a country_n beyond_o bodotria_n and_o that_o his_o march_n will_v be_v make_v very_o troublesome_a by_o the_o enemy_n send_v out_o a_o fleet_n that_o summer_n to_o try_v the_o creek_n and_o haven_n of_o the_o large_a country_n beyond_o it_o thus_o agricola_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o second_v his_o land_n army_n by_o a_o fleet_n and_o what_o be_v very_o great_a that_o bring_v war_n upon_o they_o both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n oftentimes_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o trooper_n the_o foot_n soldier_n and_o the_o seaman_n will_v meet_v and_o make_v merry_a together_o in_o the_o same_o camp_n each_o one_o magnify_v his_o own_o feat_n and_o adventure_n and_o make_v their_o vaunt_n and_o comparison_n soldierlike_a the_o one_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o high_a mountain_n the_o other_o of_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o tempest_n the_o one_o value_v himself_o upon_o the_o land_n and_o the_o enemy_n the_o other_o upon_o the_o sea_n itself_o subdue_v by_o he_o the_o britain_n as_o we_o understand_v by_o the_o prisoner_n be_v amaze_v and_o daunt_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o this_o fleet_n consider_v that_o if_o once_o their_o sea_n be_v discover_v and_o navigable_a all_o retreat_n and_o refuge_n will_v be_v cut_v off_o whereupon_o the_o caledonian_n with_o great_a preparation_n but_o as_o it_o be_v always_o with_o thing_n unknown_a not_o so_o great_a as_o report_v break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n and_o assault_v our_o castle_n that_o by_o be_v aggressor_n they_o may_v discourage_v we_o so_o that_o some_o poor_a spirit_n on_o our_o side_n under_o show_n of_o prudence_n advise_v agricola_n to_o retire_v on_o this_o side_n bodotria_n and_o rather_o make_v a_o voluntary_a retreat_n than_o a_o force_a one_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o have_v advice_n that_o the_o enemy_n design_n be_v to_o divide_v and_o attack_v we_o in_o many_o place_n at_o once_o whereupon_o lest_o he_o shall_v lie_v under_o disadvantage_n by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n he_o likewise_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o body_n they_o have_v intelligence_n of_o this_o forthwith_o take_v another_o course_n and_o in_o one_o entire_a body_n fall_v all_o upon_o our_o nine_o legion_n as_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o between_o sleep_n and_o fear_n in_o the_o night_n cut_v off_o our_o sentinel_n and_o break_v in_o among_o they_o thus_o the_o battle_n begin_v in_o the_o very_a camp_n when_o agricola_n have_v find_v out_o the_o enemy_n march_v by_o his_o scout_n trace_n they_o and_o send_v in_o the_o light_a of_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n upon_o their_o back_n which_o be_v second_v with_o the_o huzza'_v of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o the_o appearance_n of_o their_o colour_n towards_o break_v of_o day_n this_o danger_n on_o all_o side_n terrify_v the_o britain_n and_o the_o roman_n take_v heart_n at_o it_o and_o know_v there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n fight_v now_o for_o honour_n they_o give_v they_o a_o fresh_a onset_n and_o after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n at_o the_o very_a gate_n put_v they_o to_o the_o rout_n while_o both_o our_o army_n be_v contend_v the_o one_o to_o come_v up_o timely_a with_o their_o assistance_n the_o other_o not_o to_o seem_v to_o need_v it_o if_o the_o fen_n and_o wood_n have_v not_o protect_v the_o enemy_n in_o this_o flight_n they_o have_v be_v utter_o conquer_v upon_o this_o constancy_n and_o the_o news_n of_o our_o victory_n the_o whole_a army_n grow_v so_o resolute_a that_o they_o think_v nothing_o 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usipians_n raise_v in_o germany_n and_o send_v over_o into_o britain_n undertake_v a_o very_a strange_a and_o memorable_a adventure_n have_v kill_v their_o captain_n and_o some_o soldier_n that_o be_v disperse_v among_o they_o to_o show_v they_o how_o to_o exercise_v they_o flee_v and_o embark_v themselves_o in_o three_o vessel_n compel_v the_o master_n to_o carry_v they_o off_o but_o only_o one_o of_o they_o do_v his_o duty_n the_o other_o two_o be_v slay_v upon_o suspicion_n and_o this_o strange_a kind_n of_o voyage_n the_o fact_n be_v not_o yet_o noise_v be_v much_o admire_v afterward_o be_v toss_v up_o and_o down_o and_o fall_v upon_o some_o britain_n that_o oppose_v they_o in_o their_o own_o defence_n often_o victorious_a and_o sometime_o baffle_v they_o come_v to_o that_o pinch_n for_o want_n of_o provision_n at_o long_o run_v
the_o runic_a which_o also_o have_v some_o part_n in_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n the_o destruction_n of_o britain_n the_o roman_n have_v now_o withdraw_v their_o force_n and_o abandon_v britain_n the_o whole_a frame_n of_o affair_n fall_v into_o disorder_n and_o misery_n barbarian_n invade_v it_o on_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n break_v out_o into_o faction_n on_o the_o other_o whilst_o each_o one_o be_v for_o usurp_a the_o government_n to_o himself_o they_o live_v say_v ninius_n about_o forty_o year_n together_o in_o consternation_n for_o vortigern_n who_o then_o reign_v be_v apprehensive_a of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o of_o some_o attack_n from_o those_o roman_n who_o remain_v here_o he_o be_v also_o fearful_a of_o ambrose_n aurelius_n or_o aurelianus_n who_o still_o survive_v that_o hot_a engagement_n wherein_o his_o parent_n than_o governor_n be_v cut_v off_o upon_o this_o vortigern_n send_v for_o the_o saxon_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o his_o assistance_n britain_n gildas_n â—axons_n calâ—ed_v into_o britain_n who_o instead_o of_o auxiliaries_n turn_v most_o cruel_a enemy_n and_o after_o the_o several_a event_n of_o many_o battle_n dispossess_v the_o poor_a britain_n of_o the_o most_o fruitful_a part_n of_o the_o country_n their_o ancient_a inheritance_n but_o this_o woeful_a destruction_n of_o britain_n shall_v be_v represent_v or_o rather_o deplore_v to_o you_o in_o the_o melancholy_a word_n of_o gildas_n the_o britain_n all_o in_o tear_n at_o the_o thought_n of_o it_o brisonius_fw-la it_o this_o gildas_n be_v â—n_v some_o â—s_n coâ—ies_n in_o france_n call_v queâ—uius_n as_o i_o â—ad_v it_o â—rom_o the_o â—amous_a barnah_n brisonius_fw-la the_o roman_n be_v draw_v home_o there_o descend_v in_o great_a crowd_n from_o the_o little_a narrow_a bore_n of_o their_o â—ale_n their_o carucis_fw-la â—â—tick_a â—ale_n carroghe_n or_o cart_n wherein_o they_o be_v bring_v over_o the_o scitick_a vale_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n in_o a_o scorch_a hot_a season_n a_o duskish_a swarm_n of_o vermin_n or_o hideous_a crew_n of_o scot_n and_o pict_n somewhat_o different_a in_o manner_n but_o all_o alike_o thirst_v after_o blood_n who_o find_v that_o their_o old_a confederate_n the_o roman_n be_v march_v home_o and_o refuse_v to_o return_v any_o more_o put_v on_o great_a boldness_n than_o ever_o and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o north_n and_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o very_a wall_n as_o if_o they_o be_v the_o right_n native_a proprietor_n to_o withstand_v this_o invasion_n the_o tower_n along_o the_o wall_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o lazy_a garrison_n undisciplined_a and_o too_o cowardly_a to_o engage_v a_o enemy_n be_v enfeeble_v with_o continual_a sloth_n and_o idleness_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o naked_a enemy_n advance_v with_o their_o hook_a weapon_n by_o which_o the_o miserable_a britain_n pull_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v dash_v against_o the_o ground_n yet_o those_o who_o be_v destroy_v after_o this_o manner_n have_v this_o advantage_n in_o a_o untimely_a death_n that_o they_o escape_v those_o miserable_a suffering_n which_o immediate_o befall_v their_o brother_n and_o child_n to_o be_v short_a have_v quit_v their_o city_n and_o the_o high_a wall_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n disband_v into_o a_o more_o desperate_a and_o hopeless_a dispersion_n than_o ever_o still_o the_o enemy_n give_v they_o chase_v still_o more_o cruel_a punishment_n be_v prepare_v as_o lamb_n by_o the_o bloody_a butcher_n so_o be_v these_o poor_a creature_n hew_v to_o piece_n by_o their_o enemy_n so_o that_o they_o may_v just_o by_o their_o stay_n there_o be_v compare_v to_o herd_n of_o wild_a beast_n for_o these_o miserable_a people_n do_v not_o stick_v at_o rob_v one_o another_o for_o supply_n of_o victual_n so_o that_o in_o breed_v dissension_n enhance_v the_o misery_n of_o their_o foreign_a suffering_n and_o bring_v thing_n to_o that_o pass_n by_o this_o spoil_n and_o robbery_n that_o meat_n the_o support_n of_o life_n be_v want_v in_o the_o country_n and_o no_o comfort_n of_o that_o kind_a to_o be_v have_v but_o by_o recourse_n to_o hunt_v again_o therefore_o the_o remain_a britain_n send_n their_o lamentable_a petition_n to_o aetius_n a_o man_n of_o authority_n in_o the_o roman_a state_n after_o this_o manner_n to_o aetius_n thrice_o consul_n numeral_n this_o be_v in_o sâ—me_n copies_n agitius_n in_o other_o equitius_n cos._n without_o the_o numeral_n the_o groan_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o barbarian_n drive_v we_o to_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n again_o to_o the_o barbarian_n thus_o bandy_v between_o two_o death_n we_o either_o perish_v by_o sword_n or_o by_o water_n notwithstanding_o they_o obtain_v no_o remedy_n for_o these_o evil_n while_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n famine_n grow_v more_o sharp_a and_o pinch_a to_o the_o faint_a and_o stroll_a britain_n who_o reduce_v to_o such_o strait_n by_o these_o intolerable_a suffering_n surrender_v themselves_o to_o the_o enemy_n that_o they_o may_v have_v food_n to_o recruit_v their_o spirit_n however_o other_o will_v not_o comply_v but_o choose_v rather_o to_o infest_v they_o from_o their_o mountain_n cave_n and_o braky_a place_n with_o continual_a sally_n from_o that_o time_n forth_o for_o many_o year_n they_o make_v great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o they_o go_v out_o to_o forage_v not_o rely_v on_o their_o own_o strength_n but_o trust_v in_o god_n according_a to_o that_o of_o philo_n the_o help_n of_o god_n be_v certain_o at_o hand_n when_o man_n help_n fail_v the_o boldness_n of_o our_o enemy_n give_v over_o for_o some_o time_n but_o the_o wickedness_n of_o our_o britain_n be_v without_o end_n the_o enemy_n leave_v we_o but_o we_o will_v not_o leave_v our_o vice_n for_o it_o have_v ever_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v now_o at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v feeble_a in_o repel_v a_o enemy_n but_o valiant_a in_o civil_a war_n and_o in_o carry_v on_o a_o course_n of_o sin_n etc._n etc._n well_o these_o impudent_a irish_a robber_n return_v home_o with_o a_o design_n to_o come_v again_o short_o the_o pict_n in_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o provinciae_fw-la the_o the_o in_o the_o text_n insulae_n in_o the_o margin_n provinciae_fw-la island_n begin_v from_o henceforth_o to_o be_v quiet_a yet_o now_o and_o then_o make_v some_o spoil_n and_o ravage_v in_o these_o cessation_n of_o arm_n the_o scar_n of_o this_o famine_n begin_v to_o wear_v out_o among_o the_o desolate_a britain_n but_o another_o more_o keen_a and_o virulent_a be_v sprout_v up_o to_o succeed_v it_o for_o during_o the_o forbearance_n of_o former_a ravages_n the_o kingdom_n enjoy_v such_o excessive_a plenty_n as_o be_v never_o remember_v in_o any_o age_n before_o which_o be_v ever_o accompany_v with_o debauchery_n for_o it_o then_o grow_v to_o so_o high_a a_o pitch_n that_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v at_o that_o time_n here_o be_v such_o 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declare_v himself_o not_o well_o satisfy_v whether_o the_o ancient_a britain_n have_v any_o record_n or_o writing_n at_o all_o wherein_o they_o have_v transmit_v their_o history_n and_o original_n to_o posterity_n and_o therefore_o he_o plain_o confess_v that_o he_o take_v all_o out_o of_o foreign_a writer_n and_o not_o out_o of_o any_o writing_n or_o record_n lâ—ft_v by_o his_o own_o countryman_n for_o if_o there_o ever_o have_v be_v any_o such_o they_o be_v in_o his_o time_n quite_o lose_v have_v either_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o enemy_n at_o home_n or_o carry_v away_o by_o the_o exile_n into_o foreign_a part_n ninius_n also_o disciple_n of_o eluodugus_fw-la in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o chronicle_n write_v 800_o year_n since_o complain_v that_o the_o great_a scholar_n among_o the_o britain_n have_v but_o little_a learning_n and_o that_o they_o have_v leave_v no_o memorial_n and_o confess_v that_o whatsoever_o he_o have_v write_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o annal_n and_o 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they_o equal_v in_o valour_n and_o hereupon_o 400_o year_n ago_o our_o geoffry_n ap_fw-mi arthur_n of_o monmouth_n first_o of_o all_o gratify_v the_o britain_n with_o this_o brutus_n as_o founder_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n and_o feign_v he_o not_o only_o of_o a_o trojan_a but_o also_o of_o a_o divine_a extraction_n before_o which_o time_n they_o urge_v that_o there_o never_o be_v any_o the_o the_o least_o mention_n make_v of_o such_o a_o man_n as_o brutus_n they_o add_v moreover_o that_o much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n scotch_a writer_n set_v up_o their_o fictitious_a 16._o fictitious_a the_o irish_a and_o scotch_a in_o the_o business_n of_o pharaoh_n daughter_n shall_v not_o be_v make_v two_o different_a nation_n see_v ogyg_n p._n 69._o 344._o c._n 12._o &_o pag._n 463._o usher_n primord_n cap._n 16._o scota_n daughter_n of_o pharaoh_n king_n of_o egypt_n as_o the_o foundress_n of_o their_o nation_n that_o thereabouts_o too_o some_o person_n abuse_v their_o part_n and_o misspend_v their_o time_n without_o any_o ground_n of_o truth_n forge_v for_o the_o irish_a their_o hiberus_n for_o the_o dane_n their_o danus_n for_o the_o brabander_n their_o brabo_n for_o the_o goth_n their_o gothus_n for_o the_o saxon_n their_o saxon_a as_o the_o founder_n of_o their_o several_a nation_n but_o now_o this_o our_o more_o know_a age_n have_v discover_v all_o these_o imposture_n and_o since_o the_o french_a have_v reject_v their_o francio_n as_o a_o mere_a counterfeit_n the_o french_a say_v the_o most_o learned_a turnebus_n when_o they_o lie_v claim_v to_o a_o trojan_a original_a do_v it_o pure_o in_o emulation_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o when_o they_o see_v this_o people_n so_o much_o build_v upon_o that_o as_o the_o most_o noble_a pedigree_n they_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o invest_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o honour_n since_o also_o the_o most_o sober_a and_o think_v part_n of_o the_o scot_n have_v cast_v off_o their_o scota_n and_o the_o force_n of_o truth_n itself_o have_v at_o last_o entire_o prevail_v against_o that_o hiberus_n danus_n brabo_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o these_o mock-prince_n they_o much_o wonder_v why_o the_o britain_n shall_v so_o fond_o adhere_v to_o their_o brutus_n as_o the_o original_n of_o their_o island_n be_v name_n and_o to_o their_o trojan_a extraction_n as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o britain_n here_n before_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n which_o happen_v about_o 1000_o year_n after_o the_o deluge_n or_o as_o if_o there_o have_v not_o live_v many_o valiant_a man_n in_o the_o world_n before_o agamemnon_n far_o yet_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o learned_a author_n as_o boccatius_n vives_z hadrianus_n junius_n polydore_n buehanan_n vignier_n genebrardus_n molinaeus_n bodinus_fw-la and_o other_o person_n of_o great_a judgement_n do_v unanimous_o affirm_v that_o there_o never_o be_v such_o a_o man_n as_o this_o brutus_n nay_o more_o that_o very_o many_o of_o our_o countryman_n person_n eminent_a for_o their_o learning_n reject_v he_o as_o a_o mere_a impostor_n among_o who_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o produce_v john_n of_o wheathamsted_n 1440._o he_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 1440._o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n a_o man_n of_o excellent_a judgement_n who_o write_v long_o ago_o concern_v this_o matter_n in_o his_o granarium_fw-la according_a to_o other_o historâ—s_n which_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o man_n deserve_v much_o more_o credit_n the_o whâ—le_a relation_n concern_v brutus_n be_v rather_o poetical_a than_o historical_a and_o upon_o several_a account_n rather_o fanciful_a than_o real_a as_o first_o we_o find_v not_o where_o in_o the_o roman_a history_n the_o least_o mention_n either_o of_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o father_n or_o of_o the_o beget_n or_o banishment_n of_o the_o son_n second_o ascanius_n according_a to_o several_a author_n have_v no_o son_n who_o proper_a name_n be_v silvius_n for_o they_o give_v we_o a_o account_n but_o of_o 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booâ—_n of_o englâ—â—â—_n orthography_n than_o our_o moss_n our_o and_o if_o that_o be_v a_o good_a bottom_n so_o may_v the_o english_a too_o several_a of_o who_o word_n be_v show_v by_o some_o late_a lexicographer_n to_o have_v a_o near_a affinity_n with_o the_o greek_a but_o which_o be_v more_o even_o in_o point_n of_o idiom_n there_o do_v not_o want_v instance_n to_o show_v a_o analogy_n between_o they_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o hesychius_n be_v our_o heart_n of_o a_o tree_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o take_v in_o hand_n with_o we_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o put_v in_o mind_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o lucian_n to_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o nose_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o diogenes_n laertius_n to_o make_v water_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o leave_v speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o isocrates_n his_o tongue_n run_v before_o his_o wit_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d among_o the_o greek_a adage_n collect_v by_o schottus_n a_o rope_n of_o sand_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o roll_a stone_n gather_v no_o moss_n britain_n may_n glory_n in_o their_o language_n since_o it_o have_v in_o it_o a_o great_a many_o word_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o a_o greek_a original_a but_o the_o learned_a sir_n thomas_n smyth_n secretary_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n attribute_n it_o rather_o to_o this_o accident_n that_o when_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o europe_n be_v disturb_v and_o harass_v with_o war_n a_o great_a number_n of_o greek_n flee_v hither_o for_o their_o own_o security_n thus_o you_o have_v my_o thought_n britain_n thought_n the_o same_o author_n that_o have_v express_v his_o dissatisfaction_n in_o mr._n camden_n brithtania_a have_v leave_v we_o a_o conjecture_n of_o his_o own_o no_o less_o plausible_a than_o learned_a viz._n that_o it_o come_v from_o brydio_n signify_v in_o british_a fervere_fw-la ashlare_fw-la feruâ—scere_fw-la calâ—facere_fw-la calefieri_fw-la etc._n etc._n point_v out_o the_o heat_n and_o violent_a motion_n of_o this_o sea_n so_o much_o talk_v of_o by_o author_n by_o one_o it_o be_v call_v oceanus_n barbaris_fw-la fluctibus_fw-la fremens_fw-la by_o another_o it_o be_v say_v horrendis_fw-la attolii_n aestibus_fw-la and_o the_o irish_a sea_n be_v call_v by_o solinius_n undosus_fw-la &_o inquietus_fw-la toto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la so_o he_o go_v on_o non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pauculis_fw-la diebus_fw-la est_fw-la navigabile_fw-la giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la follow_v he_o and_o give_v we_o almost_o the_o same_o description_n of_o it_o and_o camden_n in_o his_o account_n of_o this_o matter_n have_v show_v these_o sea_n to_o have_v be_v famous_a for_o their_o ruggedness_n see_v he_o in_o kent_n and_o in_o his_o discourse_n upon_o the_o british_a isle_n now_o since_o this_o quality_n of_o our_o sea_n have_v be_v in_o all_o age_n so_o eminent_a since_o also_o the_o british_a brydio_n so_o full_o expâ—esses_v that_o quality_n we_o must_v at_o least_o allow_v this_o conjecture_n a_o good_a share_n of_o probability_n doubtless_o â—rom_o the_o same_o original_n be_v their_o bâ—ydamaeth_n iracundia_fw-la server_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o lead_v we_o natural_o to_o brydain_v in_o saxon_a brytane_n and_o with_o we_o britain_n and_o perhaps_o my_o mistake_n concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n if_o they_o be_v false_a may_v the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n show_v it_o in_o this_o intricate_a and_o obscure_a search_n after_o antiquity_n he_o even_o merit_v that_o err_v but_o a_o little_a and_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o thing_n which_o at_o first_o sight_n and_o upon_o slight_a thought_n we_o think_v false_a appear_v very_o true_a upon_o a_o more_o serious_a consideration_n if_o i_o be_v to_o appear_v before_o truth_n herself_o as_o a_o judge_n i_o can_v say_v no_o more_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o for_o our_o countryman_n the_o britain_n i_o do_v with_o all_o possible_a earnestness_n entreat_v the_o learned_a part_n of_o 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chain_n bracelet_n horse-trapping_n and_o a_o crown_n of_o gold_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o ancient_a marble_n at_o taurini_n at_o taurini_n turin_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n aulus_n plautius_n carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o such_o success_n that_o claudius_n decree_v he_o a_o ovation_n and_o go_v to_o receive_v he_o as_o he_o enter_v into_o the_o city_n give_v he_o the_o right-hand_a both_o as_o he_o ride_v to_o the_o capitol_n and_o return_v from_o it_o and_o now_o vespasian_n vespasian_n vespasian_n begin_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n who_o be_v make_v a_o officer_n in_o this_o war_n in_o britain_n by_o claudius_n partly_o under_o claudius_n himself_o and_o partly_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o plautius_n fight_v the_o enemy_n thirty_o time_n subdue_v two_o of_o their_o most_o potent_a nation_n take_v above_o twenty_o town_n and_o conquer_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n 4._o sueton._n in_o vespasian_n c._n 4._o upon_o this_o account_n he_o be_v honour_v with_o triumphal_a ornament_n and_o twice_o with_o the_o priesthood_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o then_o beside_o with_o the_o consulship_n which_o he_o enjoy_v the_o two_o last_o month_n of_o the_o year_n here_o also_o titus_n serve_v as_o tribune_n under_o his_o father_n with_o the_o reputation_n of_o a_o laborious_a stout_a soldier_n for_o he_o valiant_o set_v his_o father_n at_o liberty_n when_o besiege_v and_z no_o less_o famous_a for_o the_o character_n of_o a_o modest_a man_n â—_o suet._n titus_n c._n â—_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o number_n of_o his_o image_n and_o the_o title_n to_o they_o throughout_o germany_n and_o britain_n what_o be_v transact_v afterward_o in_o britain_n till_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o domitian_n reign_n tacitus_n who_o be_v best_a able_a shall_v inform_v you_o p._n ostorius_n propraetor_n in_o britain_n propraetor_n p._n ostorius_n propraetor_n find_v affair_n in_o disorder_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o inroad_n into_o the_o country_n of_o their_o ally_n and_o those_o the_o more_o outrageous_o because_o they_o do_v not_o expect_v that_o a_o general_n but_o new_o make_v and_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o army_n will_v take_v the_o field_n in_o the_o winter_n to_o oppose_v they_o but_o ostorius_n be_v sensible_a that_o first_o event_n will_v either_o cast_v or_o raise_v his_o reputation_n with_o such_o cohort_n as_o be_v next_o at_o hand_n set_v out_o against_o they_o slay_v those_o who_o withstand_v he_o and_o pursue_v the_o rest_n who_o be_v disperse_v and_o rout_v that_o they_o may_v not_o unite_v again_o and_o rally_v and_o because_o a_o odious_a and_o slight_a peace_n will_v be_v neither_o easy_a to_o the_o general_n nor_o his_o army_n he_o prepare_v to_o disarm_v the_o suspicious_a and_o to_o post_v his_o force_n so_o upon_o the_o river_n antona_n and_o sabrina_n as_o to_o check_v they_o upon_o all_o occasion_n but_o first_o the_o iceni_n iceni_n iceni_n can_v not_o brook_v this_o a_o potent_a nation_n and_o not_o yet_o diminish_v by_o war_n have_v before_o seek_v alliance_n with_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o example_n the_o other_o border_a nation_n rise_v likewise_o encamp_v in_o a_o proper_a place_n fence_v with_o a_o earthen_a rampire_n and_o accessible_a by_o a_o narrow_a passage_n only_o to_o prevent_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o roman_a general_n though_o without_o his_o legion_n draw_v up_o his_o auxiliary_a troop_n to_o attack_v the_o camp_n and_o have_v post_v his_o cohort_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n for_o the_o assault_n bring_v up_o the_o horse_n likewise_o for_o the_o same_o service_n thus_o upon_o the_o signal_n give_v they_o force_v the_o rampart_n and_o disorder_v the_o enemy_n pen_v up_o and_o hinder_v by_o their_o own_o entrenchment_n however_o they_o defend_v themselves_o with_o great_a valour_n be_v conscious_a of_o their_o own_o baseness_n in_o revolt_a and_o sensible_a that_o their_o escape_n be_v impossible_a m._n ostorius_n the_o lieutenant_n son_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o save_v a_o citizen_n in_o this_o battle_n by_o this_o defeat_n of_o the_o iceni_n other_o state_n that_o be_v then_o waver_v be_v compose_v and_o settle_v and_o so_o he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n among_o the_o cangi_n cangi_n cangi_n waste_v the_o field_n and_o ravage_v the_o country_n nor_o dare_v the_o enemy_n engage_v we_o or_o if_o by_o ambuscade_n they_o happen_v to_o fall_v upon_o our_o rear_n they_o suffer_v for_o their_o attempt_n and_o now_o he_o be_v advance_v brigantes_n advance_v quod_fw-la hyberniam_fw-la insulam_fw-la aspectat_fw-la brigantes_n as_o far_o almost_o as_o the_o irish_a sea_n when_o a_o sedition_n among_o the_o brigantes_n draw_v he_o back_o again_o resolve_v to_o make_v no_o new_a conquest_n till_o he_o have_v secure_v the_o old_a the_o brigantes_n be_v soon_o quiet_v the_o more_o factious_a of_o they_o be_v punish_v and_o the_o rest_n pardon_v but_o the_o silures_n be_v neither_o by_o severity_n nor_o mercy_n to_o be_v reclaim_v from_o their_o resolution_n to_o a_o continual_a war_n and_o therefore_o a_o legion_n be_v encamp_v there_o to_o awe_n and_o restrain_v they_o camalodunum_n the_o colony_n of_o camalodunum_n to_o further_o this_o camalodunum_n a_o roman_a colony_n with_o a_o strong_a body_n of_o veteran_n be_v plant_v in_o the_o new_a conquest_n as_o a_o ready_a aid_n to_o withstand_v revolt_n and_o a_o mean_n to_o induce_v their_o ally_n to_o observe_v law_n some_o city_n be_v after_o the_o old_a roman_a manner_n give_v to_o king_n cogidunus_n that_o king_n themselves_o may_v be_v their_o tool_n to_o enslave_v other_o from_o hence_o they_o march_v into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o silures_n who_o beside_o their_o own_o natural_a fierceness_n rely_v much_o upon_o the_o valour_n of_o caractacus_n caractacus_n caractacus_n eminent_a above_o all_o the_o commander_n in_o britain_n for_o his_o experience_n in_o affair_n either_o doubtful_a or_o prosperous_a he_o know_v the_o country_n as_o
plague_v they_o with_o soldier_n and_o officer_n the_o other_o with_o extortion_n and_o affront_n that_o they_o can_v be_v safe_a of_o nothing_o that_o either_o lust_n or_o covetousness_n will_v recommend_v to_o the_o roman_n that_o in_o war_n he_o have_v the_o spoil_n who_o have_v the_o most_o courage_n and_o bravery_n to_o take_v it_o but_o that_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n pillage_v by_o coward_n and_o weakling_n that_o these_o be_v the_o man_n that_o bereave_v they_o of_o their_o child_n and_o press_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n for_o foreign_a service_n as_o if_o the_o britain_n can_v fight_v for_o any_o country_n but_o their_o own_o how_o many_o soldier_n have_v they_o transport_v hither_o if_o we_o reckon_v ourselves_o in_o comparison_n germany_n free_v itself_o upon_o this_o consideration_n which_o have_v only_o a_o river_n to_o defend_v it_o and_o not_o a_o ocean_n as_o we_o have_v thus_o they_o have_v their_o country_n wife_n and_o parent_n to_o fight_v for_o and_o inspirit_v they_o while_o the_o other_o have_v only_o luxury_n and_o avarice_n that_o these_o will_v retreat_v as_o julius_n do_v if_o they_o will_v but_o follow_v the_o bravery_n of_o their_o ancestor_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v dismay_v at_o the_o success_n of_o one_o or_o two_o battle_n and_o that_o fierceness_n and_o resolution_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o misery_n and_o ill_a circumstance_n that_o heaven_n now_o seem_v to_o compassionate_v their_o distress_n in_o absent_v the_o roman_a general_n and_o keep_v the_o legate_n busy_a in_o another_o island_n that_o the_o most_o dangerous_a part_n of_o this_o design_n be_v to_o debate_v it_o as_o they_o be_v now_o do_v and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o worse_a consequence_n to_o be_v discover_v lay_v such_o a_o plot_n than_o the_o very_a attempt_n and_o execution_n will_v prove_v be_v animate_v with_o these_o motive_n they_o forthwith_o take_v arm_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o boodicia_n a_o woman_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n for_o the_o britain_n make_v no_o distinction_n of_o sex_n in_o point_n of_o government_n draw_v the_o trinobantes_n to_o revolt_v with_o they_o and_o such_o other_o as_o be_v not_o yet_o break_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o sovereign_a yoke_n who_o all_o have_v secret_o conspire_v to_o free_v themselves_o with_o great_a spite_n and_o hatred_n against_o the_o veteran_n for_o they_o be_v new_o plant_v in_o the_o colony_n camalodunum_n camaâ—â—dunum_n colony_n oâ—_n camaâ—â—dunum_n have_v thrust_v the_o old_a inhabitant_n from_o their_o house_n and_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o land_n call_v they_o slave_n and_o captive_n and_o be_v encourage_v in_o this_o outrage_n by_o the_o young_a soldier_n who_o by_o the_o same_o call_n be_v in_o hope_n of_o the_o same_o licentiousness_n themselves_o moreover_o the_o temple_n build_v in_o honour_n of_o divus_o claudius_n seem_v to_o they_o the_o foundation_n of_o a_o perpetual_a tyranny_n and_o be_v a_o eyesore_n and_o the_o priest_n choose_v under_o the_o pretext_n of_o religion_n to_o officiate_v there_o run_v away_o with_o their_o whole_a estate_n beside_o there_o can_v be_v no_o great_a difficulty_n in_o overthrow_v a_o colony_n which_o have_v no_o fort_n or_o castle_n to_o support_v it_o and_o that_o our_o commander_n have_v be_v so_o improvident_a as_o to_o consult_v pleasure_n and_o delight_n in_o every_o thing_n rather_o than_o use_v and_o service_n while_o thing_n be_v in_o this_o ferment_n the_o image_n of_o the_o goddess_n of_o victory_n at_o camalodunum_n 〈◊〉_d see_v â—â—â—lin_n in_o 〈◊〉_d without_o any_o visible_a cause_n drop_v down_o and_o in_o the_o fall_n turn_v downward_o as_o if_o it_o yield_v to_o the_o enemy_n several_a enthusiastic_a woman_n foretell_v our_o approach_a destruction_n strange_a noise_n be_v hear_v in_o their_o court_n a_o perfect_a howl_n in_o the_o theatre_n and_o a_o strange_a apparition_n thames_n apparition_n perhaps_o in_o thames_n in_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n plain_o signify_v the_o subversion_n of_o that_o colony_n moreover_o the_o sea_n look_v bloody_a and_o in_o the_o ebb_n dead_a man_n body_n be_v leave_v upon_o the_o shore_n which_o bring_v great_a hope_n to_o the_o britain_n but_o despair_n and_o discouragement_n to_o the_o veteran_n who_o apply_v themselves_o to_o their_o procurator_n catus_n decianus_n because_o suetonius_n be_v far_o off_o he_o send_v they_o a_o supply_n of_o two_o hundred_o man_n only_o and_o those_o ill_n arm_v whereas_o the_o soldier_n that_o be_v in_o the_o colony_n before_o be_v but_o few_o and_o rely_v whole_o upon_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o temple_n some_o of_o they_o that_o be_v privy_a to_o the_o conspiracy_n have_v blind_v the_o colony_n so_o much_o in_o their_o counsel_n that_o they_o have_v neither_o make_v trench_n nor_o ditch_n to_o defend_v themselves_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o send_v away_o the_o old_a man_n and_o the_o woman_n reserve_v the_o young_a man_n only_o so_o that_o live_v supine_o as_o in_o a_o full_a peace_n they_o mere_a surprise_v by_o the_o barbarous_a multitude_n as_o for_o other_o thing_n they_o be_v present_o overthrow_v by_o violence_n or_o consume_v with_o fire_n but_o the_o temple_n where_o the_o soldier_n have_v flee_v be_v besiege_v and_o on_o the_o second_o day_n take_v the_o britain_n be_v thus_o conqueror_n and_o meeting_n petilius_n cerealis_n cerealis_n petilius_n cerealis_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o nine_o legion_n which_o come_v to_o succour_v they_o rout_z the_o legion_n and_o put_v all_o the_o foot_n to_o the_o sword_n cerealis_n get_v off_o with_o the_o horse_n and_o retreat_v to_o his_o camp_n where_o he_o defend_v himself_o catus_n the_o procurator_n be_v so_o daunt_v at_o this_o overthrow_n and_o the_o general_n odium_fw-la of_o the_o province_n which_o be_v thus_o embroil_v by_o his_o avarice_n that_o he_o sail_v into_o gaul_n suetonius_n however_o with_o prodigious_a constancy_n and_o resolution_n march_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o enemy_n country_n to_o london_n which_o be_v not_o honour_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o colony_n but_o famous_a for_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n and_o commeatuum_fw-la and_o et_fw-la commeatu_fw-la alius_fw-la commeatuum_fw-la provision_n be_v come_v thither_o he_o can_v hardly_o resolve_v whether_o to_o make_v that_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n or_o not_o but_o consider_v his_o want_n of_o soldier_n and_o how_o much_o petilius_n have_v suffer_v for_o his_o rashness_n he_o determine_v at_o last_o to_o sacrifice_v this_o one_o town_n to_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o not_o relent_v to_o the_o sigh_n and_o tear_n of_o they_o that_o seek_v his_o aid_n and_o protection_n he_o give_v order_n to_o march_v on_o receive_v such_o as_o follow_v he_o into_o his_o army_n those_o who_o by_o weakness_n of_o sex_n or_o age_n be_v stay_v behind_o or_o tempt_v by_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o place_n to_o remain_v there_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o enemy_n the_o town_n of_o verulam_n be_v overthrow_v likewise_o for_o the_o barbarian_n omit_v the_o fort_n militaribus_fw-la fort_n praesidiisque_fw-la militarium_fw-la alias_o militaribus_fw-la and_o castle_n pillage_v the_o rich_a place_v first_o tutum_fw-la first_o et_fw-la dâ—ferentes_fw-la in_o tutum_fw-la alias_o &_o defendentibus_fw-la in_o tutum_fw-la and_o after_o they_o have_v carry_v off_o the_o spoil_n go_v on_o eager_o for_o booty_n to_o the_o more_o eminent_a place_n it_o appear_v that_o seventy_o thousand_o citizen_n and_o confederate_n be_v slay_v up_o and_o down_o in_o these_o place_n they_o will_v not_o sell_v captive_n give_v quarter_n or_o practice_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o war_n but_o kill_v hang_v burn_v crucify_v by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n upon_o their_o enemy_n and_o all_o that_o in_o such_o haste_n as_o if_o they_o foresee_v they_o must_v speedy_o smart_v for_o it_o suetonius_n have_v with_o he_o the_o fourteen_o legion_n with_o the_o standard-bearer_n of_o the_o twenty_o and_o some_o supply_n from_o the_o place_n thereabouts_o almost_o to_o the_o number_n of_o ten_o thousand_o fight_a man_n resolve_v without_o more_o ado_n to_o engage_v they_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n encamp_v his_o army_n in_o a_o place_n accessable_a by_o a_o narrow_a lane_n only_o be_v fence_v in_o the_o rear_n by_o a_o wood_n as_o sensible_a he_o shall_v have_v no_o enemy_n but_o on_o the_o front_n and_o that_o the_o plain_n be_v open_a so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o danger_n of_o ambuscadoe_n in_o it_o he_o draw_v up_o the_o legion_n close_o together_o in_o the_o middle_n with_o the_o light_a soldier_n on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o horse_n as_o the_o two_o wing_n about_o they_o the_o britain_n go_v shout_v and_o swarm_v up_o and_o down_o in_o such_o vast_a number_n as_o never_o before_o be_v see_v so_o fierce_a and_o confident_a of_o victory_n that_o their_o wife_n be_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o and_o place_v in_o cart_n in_o the_o outmost_a part_n of_o the_o
plain_a to_o see_v it_o boodicia_n with_o her_o daughter_n by_o she_o in_o a_o chariot_n go_v about_o to_o the_o several_a nation_n for_o it_o be_v not_o unusual_a among_o the_o britain_n to_o go_v to_o war_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o woman_n assure_v they_o that_o she_o go_v not_o as_o one_o royal_o descend_v to_o fight_v for_o empire_n or_o riches_n but_o as_o one_o of_o the_o common_a people_n for_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n to_o revenge_v the_o stripe_n they_o have_v give_v she_o and_o the_o dishonour_n they_o have_v do_v her_o daughter_n that_o now_o the_o roman_a lust_n have_v grow_v so_o exorbitant_a and_o unruly_a that_o they_o leave_v none_o neither_o old_a nor_o young_a unravished_a that_o god_n just_a revenge_n will_v ever_o tread_v upon_o the_o heel_n of_o wickedness_n that_o the_o legion_n which_o have_v dare_v to_o fight_v they_o be_v already_o cut_v off_o that_o the_o rest_n have_v either_o keep_v themselves_o in_o their_o camp_n or_o flee_v for_o safety_n that_o they_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o very_a huzza_fw-mi and_o clamour_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o how_o much_o less_o can_v they_o bear_v their_o force_n and_o onset_n if_o they_o will_v but_o consider_v both_o army_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n on_o hoth_a side_n they_o will_v either_o resolve_v to_o conquer_v in_o that_o battle_n or_o to_o die_v in_o it_o that_o for_o her_o part_n who_o be_v but_o a_o woman_n this_o be_v her_o resolution_n but_o the_o man_n if_o they_o please_v may_v live_v and_o be_v slave_n suetonius_n also_o be_v not_o silent_a in_o so_o great_a danger_n for_o though_o he_o rely_v upon_o the_o valour_n of_o his_o man_n yet_o he_o excite_v it_o with_o exhortation_n suggest_v that_o the_o sâ—â—â—res_fw-fr sonoras_fw-la alià e_fw-fr sâ—â—â—res_fw-fr clamour_n and_o vain_a threaten_n of_o the_o barbarian_n be_v contemptible_a that_o there_o be_v more_o woman_n than_o young_a man_n among_o they_o that_o be_v unwarlike_a and_o ill_o arm_v they_o will_v not_o soon_o feel_v their_o sword_n which_o have_v so_o often_o conquer_v they_o but_o they_o will_v present_o fly_v that_o in_o a_o army_n of_o many_o legion_n a_o few_o will_v gain_v the_o victory_n and_o that_o their_o glory_n will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a if_o so_o few_o of_o they_o do_v the_o work_n of_o a_o whole_a army_n that_o his_o advice_n be_v they_o shall_v fight_v thick_a and_o after_o they_o have_v discharge_v their_o dart_n they_o shall_v continue_v the_o slaughter_n with_o their_o pike_n and_o sword_n and_o not_o heed_n the_o booty_n all_o that_o will_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o their_o victory_n the_o soldier_n be_v so_o forward_o and_o courageous_a upon_o this_o speech_n and_o the_o veteran_n betake_v themselves_o so_o ready_o to_o their_o dart_n that_o suetonius_n with_o assurance_n of_o the_o event_n give_v the_o signal_n and_o first_o of_o all_o the_o legion_n not_o stir_v but_o keep_v within_o the_o strait_a which_o be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o they_o till_o 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those_o
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to_o recover_v their_o old_a liberty_n the_o londoner_n can_v not_o prevail_v upon_o suetonius_n paulinus_n either_o by_o cry_n or_o tear_n but_o that_o after_o he_o have_v get_v together_o assistance_n he_o will_v march_v and_o leave_v the_o city_n defenceless_a to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o they_o immediate_o dispatch_v those_o few_o that_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o sex_n their_o old_a age_n or_o a_o natural_a inclination_n to_o the_o place_n have_v stay_v behind_o nor_o have_v it_o suffer_v a_o less_o dismal_a massacre_n from_o the_o frank_n have_v not_o the_o divine_a providence_n unexpected_o interpose_v for_o when_o c._n alectus_fw-la have_v treacherous_o cut_v off_o c._n carausius_n caraâ—sius_n c._n caraâ—sius_n a_o citizen_n of_o menapia_n who_o depend_v upon_o the_o boisterousness_n of_o our_o sea_n maximiaâ—_n a_o panegyric_n speak_v to_o constantius_n caesar_n and_o false_o entitle_v to_o maximiaâ—_n the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o war_n wherein_o 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repair_n and_o in_o case_n of_o a_o siege_n to_o defend_v it_o to_o the_o east_n there_o be_v but_o one_o aldgate_n from_o its_o oldness_n or_o as_o other_o will_v have_v it_o call_v elbegate_n re-edifyed_a elbegate_n which_o at_o this_o present_a be_v by_o the_o city_n charge_v re-edifyed_a the_o common_a opinion_n be_v that_o there_o be_v two_o more_o towards_o the_o thames_n beside_o that_o at_o the_o bridge_n billingsgate_n now_o a_o cothon_n a_o cothon_n wharf_n to_o receive_v ship_n and_o dourgate_n i.e._n the_o water-gate_n call_v common_o dow-gate_n at_o each_o end_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o run_v along_o by_o the_o river_n there_o be_v strong_a fort_n the_o one_o towards_o the_o east_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n call_v common_o the_o tower_n tower_n the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o in_o british_a from_o its_o whiteness_n bringwin_n and_o tourgwin_a which_o be_v indeed_o a_o stately_a tower_n surround_v with_o strong_a wall_n mount_v up_o with_o turret_n guard_v with_o a_o rampire_n and_o broad_a ditch_n together_o with_o the_o accommodation_n of_o a_o noble_a armoury_n and_o other_o house_n so_o that_o itself_o look_v like_o a_o town_n and_o a_o conjecture_n that_o the_o two_o castle_n which_o fitz-stephens_n have_v tell_v we_o be_v at_o the_o west-end_n of_o the_o city_n may_v have_v be_v turn_v into_o this_o one_o will_v be_v plausible_a enough_o at_o the_o west-end_n of_o the_o city_n there_o be_v another_o fort_n where_o the_o little_a river_n fleet_n from_o whence_o our_o fleetstreet_n now_o of_o little_a value_n but_o former_o as_o i_o have_v read_v in_o the_o parliament-record_n navigable_a empty_v itself_o into_o the_o thames_n fitz-stephens_n call_v this_o the_o palatine-tower_n and_o tradition_n affirm_v it_o to_o have_v be_v burn_v down_o in_o william_n the_o conquerour_n time_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n whereof_o be_v build_v a_o great_a part_n of_o paul_n church_n as_o also_o a_o monastery_n for_o dominican_n friar_n from_o who_o we_o call_v the_o place_v blackfriar_n found_v in_o the_o very_a area_n or_o plot_n of_o it_o by_o robert_n kilwarby_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v easy_o take_v a_o estimate_n of_o its_o largeness_n and_o yet_o in_o henry_n 2.'s_n time_n there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n in_o his_o otia_fw-la imperialia_fw-la affirm_v two_o pergamon_n or_o castle_n with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n one_o whereof_o belong_v hereditary_o to_o bainard_n the_o other_o to_o the_o baron_n of_o montfitchett_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o now_o to_o be_v see_v of_o they_o though_o some_o be_v incline_v to_o think_v that_o penbroch-house_n be_v a_o part_n of_o they_o which_o we_o call_v bainard's-castle_n from_o a_o nobleman_n one_o william_n bainard_n lord_n of_o dunmow_n that_o be_v former_o owner_n of_o it_o who_o successor_n the_o fitz-walters_n be_v hereditary_a antesignani_fw-la hereditary_a
and_o east-sex-scire_a ric_n east-sex-scire_a and_o along_o with_o middlesex_n and_o part_n of_o hertfordshire_n east-seaxna_a ric_n by_o the_o norman_n exssesa_n common_o essex_n be_v a_o country_n of_o a_o great_a breadth_n very_o fruitful_a abound_v in_o saffron_n very_o well_o store_v with_o wood_n and_o exceed_v rich_a on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o sea_n on_o the_o other_o the_o river_n well_o stock_v with_o fish_n do_v as_o it_o be_v crown_z the_o county_n and_o plentiful_o serve_v it_o with_o their_o commodity_n to_o the_o north_n the_o river_n stour_n divide_v it_o from_o suffolk_n on_o the_o east_n the_o sea_n come_v up_o on_o the_o south_n the_o river_n thames_n now_o increase_v to_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n separate_v it_o from_o kent_n as_o on_o the_o west_n the_o little_a river_n ley_n from_o middlesex_n and_o the_o stort_v or_o lesser_a stour_n which_o run_v into_o the_o ley_n from_o hartfordshire_n in_o describe_v this_o county_n i_o shall_v use_v my_o former_a method_n and_o first_o observe_v what_o be_v most_o worth_a our_o notice_n near_o the_o ley_n and_o the_o thames_n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o those_o part_n that_o lie_v inward_a and_o those_o that_o border_n on_o the_o sea_n asleep_o near_o the_o ley_n in_o saxon_a lygean_a spread_v out_o a_o chase_n of_o vast_a extent_n full_a of_o game_n the_o large_a and_o fat_a deer_n in_o the_o kingdom_n call_v heretofore_o by_o way_n of_o eminence_n the_o forest_n of_o essex_n b_o now_o waltham-forest_n waltham-forest_n waltham-forest_n from_o the_o town_n waltham_n in_o saxon_a wealdham_n i.e._n a_o dwell_n in_o the_o wood_n this_o town_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o ley_n where_o the_o stream_n be_v divide_v enclose_v several_a little_a island_n and_o be_v of_o no_o ancient_a original_n for_o in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n one_o tovius_fw-la a_o man_n of_o great_a wealth_n and_o authority_n and_o vexillifer_n and_o stallerus_a i.e._n vexillifer_n standard-bearer_n to_o the_o king_n as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o private_a record_n of_o the_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o deer_n make_v this_o place_n and_o guard_v it_o with_o 66_o man_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n athelstan_n soon_o squander_v away_o the_o estate_n and_o edward_n the_o confessor_n bestow_v this_o village_n on_o harold_n son_n to_o earl_n godwin_n abbey_n waltham_n abbey_n who_o build_v here_o a_o monastery_n where_o he_o himself_o be_v inter_v for_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o crown_n through_o his_o own_o ambition_n and_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o other_o man_n he_o raise_v this_o structure_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n miracle_n cross_n find_a far_o westward_o and_o bring_v hither_o as_o they_o write_v by_o miracle_n here_o he_o solemn_o make_v his_o vow_n for_o success_n against_o the_o norman_n and_o be_v present_o after_o slay_v by_o they_o in_o battle_n his_o mother_n have_v obtain_v his_o body_n of_o the_o enemy_n by_o the_o most_o submissive_a entreaty_n deposit_v it_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v now_o honour_a with_o the_o title_n of_o a_o baron_n in_o edward_n in_o sir_n edward_n the_o lord_n edward_n deny_v dâ—_n baron_fw-fr dâ—_n call_v to_o parliament_n by_o k._n james_n above_o this_o a_o rise_a hill_n give_v we_o a_o delightful_a prospect_n of_o copthall_n copthâ—ll_n copthâ—ll_n former_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o fitzauchers_a now_o of_o sir_n thomas_n heneage_n kt_n who_o have_v bring_v it_o to_o this_o perfection_n on_o this_o river_n without_o doubt_n be_v seat_v the_o old_a durolitum_n of_o antoninus_n but_o it_o be_v beyond_o my_o ability_n to_o determine_v the_o exact_a place_n for_o to_o speak_v once_o for_o all_o the_o ancient_a place_n of_o this_o county_n be_v so_o strange_o obscure_a and_o puzzle_v that_o i_o who_o in_o other_o part_n have_v make_v some_o discovery_n must_v here_o free_o own_v myself_o in_o the_o dark_a but_o be_v i_o to_o guess_v in_o this_o matter_n the_o place_n i_o shall_v pitch_v upon_o be_v leiton_n which_o still_o retain_v the_o ancient_a appellation_n durolitum_n durolitâ—â—_n durolitâ—â—_n signify_v in_o british_a the_o water_n of_o ley_n c_o it_o be_v at_o present_a a_o little_a scatter_a village_n some_o v._o mile_n from_o london_n for_o which_o number_n through_o the_o negligence_n of_o transcriber_n xv_o have_v creep_v into_o the_o itinerary_n that_o there_o be_v here_o former_o a_o passage_n over_o the_o river_n a_o place_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n call_v ouldford_n or_o the_o old-ford_n plain_o argue_v here_o when_o maud_n wife_n to_o hen._n 1._o have_v very_o narrow_o escape_v drown_v she_o take_v care_n to_o have_v a_o bridge_n build_v somewhat_o low_a on_o the_o river_n at_o stratford_n where_o be_v divide_v into_o 3_o stream_n it_o wash_v the_o green_a meadow_n and_o make_v they_o look_v most_o delicate_o hereabout_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o little_a monastery_n build_v by_o william_n montfichet_n a_o great_a norman_a lord_n about_o the_o year_n 1140._o after_o this_o the_o ley_n unite_n its_o stream_n run_v with_o a_o gentle_a current_n into_o the_o thames_n whence_o this_o place_n be_v call_v leymouth_n essex_z by_o robt._n morden_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rode_a through_o a_o low_a country_n lay_v often_o in_o many_o place_n under_o ground_n marsh_n marsh_n who_o unwholesome_a vapour_n very_o much_o impair_v the_o health_n of_o the_o adjacent_a inhabitant_n the_o thames_n keep_v on_o its_o course_n to_o tilbury_n near_o which_o there_o be_v several_a spacious_a cavern_n in_o a_o chalky_a cliff_n build_v very_o artificial_o with_o stone_n to_o the_o height_n of_o 10_o fathom_n out_o holes_n cut_v out_o be_v somewhat_o straight_o at_o the_o top_n a_o person_n that_o have_v be_v down_o to_o view_v they_o give_v i_o a_o description_n of_o they_o much_o like_o this_o of_o these_o i_o have_v nothing_o more_o to_o say_v than_o what_o i_o have_v mention_v elsewhere_o tâ—â—bâ—ry_n 〈◊〉_d kent_n p._n â—_o tâ—â—bâ—ry_n but_o this_o tilbury_n which_o bede_n call_v tilaburg_n consist_v at_o present_a only_o of_o a_o few_o cottage_n by_o the_o river_n side_n be_v former_o a_o bishop_n see_v preside_v by_o ceada_n when_o about_o the_o year_n 630._o he_o convert_v the_o east-saxons_a to_o the_o christian_a faith_n afterward_o pass_v by_o place_n here_o and_o there_o lie_v low_a but_o general_o unhealthy_a the_o river_n open_v itself_o and_o divide_v the_o island_n convennos_fw-la iâ—l_n convennos_fw-la iâ—l_n which_o be_v the_o counos_n mention_v by_o ptolemy_n from_o the_o continent_n this_o place_n have_v not_o yet_o quite_o lose_v its_o name_n but_o be_v still_o call_v canvey_n canvey_n canvey_n it_o run_v along_o the_o confine_n of_o essex_n for_o 5_o mile_n together_o from_o leegh_n to_o hole-haven_n some_o part_n of_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o westminster_n but_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o extreme_a low_a that_o it_o be_v very_o often_o all_o drown_v except_o a_o few_o of_o the_o high_a hillock_n which_o in_o such_o a_o case_n serve_v for_o a_o retreat_n to_o the_o sheep_n of_o these_o there_o be_v common_o feed_v four_o thousand_o in_o this_o island_n the_o meat_n of_o which_o be_v of_o a_o very_a excellent_a taste_n i_o have_v observe_v young_a man_n with_o little_a stool_n under_o they_o milk_v they_o as_o woman_n in_o other_o place_n and_o make_v cheese_n of_o ewe_n milk_n in_o the_o little_a dairy-house_n or_o hut_v build_v for_o that_o purpose_n which_o they_o call_v wiche_n over_o against_o this_o island_n be_v seat_v beamfleet_n bâ—amfleet_n bâ—amfleet_n fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n and_o large_a and_o deep_a ditch_n say_v florilegus_n by_o hastingus_n or_o hasteny_n the_o dane_n which_o be_v all_o force_v by_o king_n alfred_n then_o hadleigh_n former_o the_o castle_n of_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n afterward_o of_o thomas_n de_fw-fr woodstock_n now_o a_o heap_n of_o ruin_n and_o last_o leegh_n a_o prâ—tty_a little_a town_n well_o stock_v with_o lusty_a seaman_n near_o this_o stand_v pritlewell_n in_o which_o one_o swain_n de_fw-fr essex_n heretofore_o build_v a_o cell_n for_o monk_n here_o too_o the_o land_n jut_v out_o into_o a_o nook_n call_v black-tayl-point_n and_o shoberry-nesse_a from_o shobery_n â—â—oâ—ery_n â—â—oâ—ery_n a_o little_a village_n upon_o it_o formerly_z the_o city_n sceobirig_n for_o we_o read_v in_o the_o old_a saxon_a annal_n â—â—oâ—ery_n that_o the_o dane_n be_v chase_v from_o beamfleot_n repair_v to_o a_o city_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a call_v in_o their_o language_n sceobirig_n and_o there_o secure_v themselves_o with_o fortification_n here_o be_v forsake_v of_o its_o bank_n on_o both_o side_n the_o thames_n be_v constrain_v to_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o ocean_n whence_o the_o place_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n tamesae_fw-la and_o in_o some_o copy_n corrupt_o jamesae_fw-la aestuarium_fw-la by_o we_o the_o thames-mouth_n farther_o into_o the_o main_a land_n lie_v rochfort_n rochfort_n rochfort_n give_v
pasture_n exceed_v good_a for_o fat_a cattle_n they_o make_v also_o vast_a number_n of_o cheese_n cheese_n cheese_n which_o to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v buy_v up_o through_o all_o england_n nay_o in_o germany_n also_o with_o france_n and_o spain_n as_o pantaleon_n medicus_n have_v tell_v we_o who_o scruple_n not_o to_o set_v they_o against_o those_o of_o placentia_n both_o in_o colour_n and_o taste_v but_o he_o be_v not_o one_o of_o apicius_n nice-palated_n scholar_n nor_o do_v they_o want_v wood_n and_o park_n of_o the_o latter_a several_a be_v join_v to_o nobleman_n house_n and_o well-stocked_a with_o deer_n the_o county_n according_a to_o it_o be_v political_a division_n be_v branch_v into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o geldable_a because_o it_o pay_v geld_v or_o tribute_n the_o second_o the_o liberty_n of_o s._n edmund_n because_o it_o belong_v to_o his_o monastery_n the_o three_o the_o liberty_n of_o s._n etheldred_n because_o it_o belong_v to_o ely-monastery_n to_o which_o our_o king_n former_o grant_v several_a parcel_n of_o ground_n with_o sach_n and_o soch_n as_o the_o ely-book_n express_v it_o without_o any_o reserve_v either_o of_o ecclesiastical_a or_o secular_a jurisdiction_n b_o but_o now_o let_v we_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o particular_n and_o begin_v at_o the_o west_n give_v a_o account_n of_o its_o more_o note_a place_n on_o the_o west_n where_o it_o join_v cambridgeshire_n and_o in_o the_o very_a limit_n lie_v ixning_n a_o place_n former_o of_o more_o note_n than_o it_o be_v at_o present_a for_o it_o be_v make_v eminent_a by_o the_o death_n of_o etheldred_n the_o virgin_n daughter_n of_o k._n anna_n who_o be_v canonize_v then_o by_o the_o conspiracy_n of_o ralph_n earl_n of_o the_o east-angle_n against_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o by_o the_o way_n which_o harvey_n first_o bishop_n of_o ely_n make_v between_o this_o place_n and_o ely_n but_o now_o it_o go_v to_o decay_v by_o the_o nearness_n of_o newmarket_n newmarket_n newmarket_n whither_o all_o commodity_n be_v carry_v in_o great_a abundance_n that_o this_o town_n be_v of_o late_a date_n the_o name_n itself_o witness_v it_o be_v so_o situate_v that_o the_o south_n part_n of_o it_o belong_v to_o cambridgeshire_n and_o the_o north_n to_o suffolk_n each_o whereof_o have_v a_o small_a church_n of_o its_o own_o the_o latter_a belong_v to_o ixning_n and_o the_o former_a to_o ditton_n or_o dichton_n as_o the_o mother-churche_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o nothing_o about_o it_o in_o my_o read_n but_o that_o under_o hen._n 3._o robert_n de_fw-fr insula_n or_o l'isle_n give_v one_o half_a of_o it_o to_o richard_n de_fw-fr argenton_fw-fr from_o who_o the_o alingtons_n be_v descend_v in_o frankmarriage_n with_o his_o daughter_n cassandra_n c_o all_o round_o hereabout_o be_v a_o large_a plain_n call_v from_o the_o town_n newmarket-heath_n heath_n newmarket_n heath_n the_o soil_n whereof_o be_v sandy_a and_o barren_a but_o the_o surface_n green_fw-mi along_o this_o run_v that_o wonderful_a ditch_n which_o the_o vulgar_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v draw_v by_o the_o devil_n call_v devil's-dike_a devil's-dike_a devil's-dike_a whereas_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o wherewith_o as_o abbo_n inform_v we_o the_o inhabitant_n fence_v themselves_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o of_o this_o we_o will_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a when_o we_o come_v to_o cambridgeshire_n only_o here_o let_v the_o reader_n take_v notice_n of_o thus_o much_o that_o the_o least_o of_o all_o these_o foss_n or_o ditch_n be_v to_o be_v see_v within_o two_o mile_n of_o this_o place_n between_o snail-well_a and_o moulton_n suffolk_z roâ—â—en_o near_o this_o s._n edmundsbury_n we_o see_v rushbrok_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o famous_a and_o knightly_a family_n of_o the_o jermin_n and_o at_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o thence_o ikesworth_n ikesworth_n ikesworth_n where_o be_v a_o old_a priory_n found_v by_o gilbert_n blund_n bâ—und_n bâ—und_n a_o person_n of_o great_a nobility_n and_o lord_n of_o ikesworth_n his_o issue-male_a in_o a_o right_a line_n fail_v in_o william_n slay_v in_o hen._n 3.'s_n time_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lewes_n who_o leave_v his_o two_o sister_n agnes_n wife_n of_o william_n de_fw-fr creketot_n and_o roisia_n of_o robert_n de_fw-fr valoniis_fw-la his_o heir_n d_o saxham_n d_o afterward_o both_o here_o at_o haulsted_n near_o rougham_n and_o elsewhere_o the_o family_n of_o drury_n which_o signify_v in_o old_a english_a a_o precious_a jewel_n have_v be_v of_o great_a reputation_n more_o especial_o since_o they_o be_v marry_v with_o the_o heiress_n of_o frelil_n of_o saxham_n more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v fernham_n fernham_n fernham_n s._n genovefae_fw-la memorable_a upon_o this_o account_n that_o richard_n lucy_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n do_v here_o engage_v robert_n earl_n of_o leicester_n in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n and_o slay_v above_o ten_o thousand_o fleming_n who_o he_o have_v invite_v over_o for_o the_o destruction_n of_o his_o country_n in_o this_o neighbourhood_n i_o observe_v two_o very_o neat_a seat_n the_o one_o build_v by_o the_o kitsons_n knight_n at_o hengrave_n hengrave_n hengrave_n former_o the_o possession_n of_o edmund_n de_fw-fr hengrave_n a_o famous_a lawyer_n under_o edward_n 1_o and_o the_o other_o of_o late_a at_o culfurth_n câ—lfurth_n câ—lfurth_n by_o sir_n nicholas_n bacon_n bacon_n n_o bacon_n kt._n son_n of_o that_o nicholas_n bacon_n keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n who_o for_o his_o singular_a prudence_n and_o solid_a judgement_n be_v whilst_o he_o live_v deserve_o account_v cestinis_fw-la account_v altera_fw-la è_fw-la cestinis_fw-la one_o of_o the_o two_o supporter_n of_o this_o kingdom_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v lidgate_n lidgate_n lidgate_n a_o small_a village_n but_o not_o to_o be_v omit_v because_o it_o give_v birth_n to_o john_n lidgate_n lidgate_n john_n lidgate_n the_o monk_n who_o wit_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v form_v and_o model_v by_o the_o very_a muse_n all_o the_o beauty_n and_o elegancy_n be_v so_o lively_o express_v in_o his_o english_a poetry_n and_o these_o be_v the_o place_n of_o note_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o suffolk_n on_o the_o south_n i_o see_v the_o river_n stour_n immediate_o after_o its_o rise_n enlarge_v its_o self_n into_o a_o great_a fen_n call_v d_o stourmere_n but_o present_o gather_v its_o water_n within_o the_o bank_n it_o run_v first_o by_o clare_n a_o noble_a village_n which_o beside_o its_o demolish_a castle_n have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o clare_n clare_n stoke_n clare_n to_o a_o very_a honourable_a family_n descend_v from_o gislebert_n a_o norman_a earl_n and_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n to_o leonel_n son_n of_o edward_n 3_o who_o have_v marry_v into_o this_o family_n have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o clarence_n bestow_v upon_o he_o by_o his_o father_n for_o from_o this_o place_n he_o be_v call_v duke_n of_o clarence_n clare_n clarence_n with_o a_o full_a sound_n than_o that_o of_o clare_n as_o former_o the_o posterity_n of_o gislebert_n be_v style_v earl_n of_o clare_n and_o die_v at_o pompeia_n at_o alba_n pompeia_n longuevill_n in_o italy_n after_o he_o have_v take_v for_o his_o second_o wife_n the_o daughter_n of_o galeacius_n viscount_n of_o milan_n lie_v bury_v here_o in_o the_o collegiate_n church_n as_o do_v also_o joanna_n de_fw-fr acres_n daughter_n of_o edw._n 1._o wife_n to_o gilbert_n the_o second_o de_fw-fr clare_n that_o be_v earl_n of_o gloucester_n it_o be_v possible_a the_o reader_n may_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n clare_n earl_n of_o clare_n and_o duke_n of_o clarence_n consider_v they_o have_v always_o make_v a_o honourable_a figure_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o i_o will_v do_v it_o in_o short_a for_o fear_v any_o one_o shall_v seek_v it_o in_o vain_a richard_n son_n of_o gislebert_n earl_n of_o aucensiâ—_n of_o aucensiâ—_n ewe_n in_o normandy_n augy_a augy_a be_v a_o soldier_n under_o william_n the_o conqueror_n when_o he_o come_v over_o into_o england_n by_o who_o he_o have_v the_o village_n of_o clare_n and_o tunbridge_n bestow_v upon_o he_o he_o have_v four_o son_n gislebert_n roger_n walter_n and_o robert_n from_o who_o the_o fitz-walters_n be_v descend_v gislebert_n 37._o guil._n gemeric_n l._n 7._o c._n 37._o by_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o clermont_n have_v richard_n who_o succeed_v he_o gislebert_n from_o who_o be_v descend_v the_o famous_a richard_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n and_o conqueror_n of_o ireland_n and_o walter_n richard_z the_o elder_a be_v slay_v by_o the_o welsh_a leave_v two_o son_n montensis_fw-la rob._n montensis_fw-la gilbert_n and_o roger._n gilbert_n under_o king_n stephen_n be_v earl_n of_o hertford_n notwithstanding_o which_o both_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n from_o this_o their_o chief_a seat_n be_v common_o style_v and_o write_v themselves_o the_o clare_n he_o die_v
as_o to_o say_v flight-dyke_n as_o it_o seem_v from_o some_o remarkable_a flight_n at_o this_o place_n the_o same_o wilberham_n ancient_o wilburgham_n be_v former_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o baron_n l'isle_v of_o monte_fw-fr of_o de_fw-fr rubeo_fw-la monte_fw-fr rongmount_n a_o very_a ancient_a family_n of_o which_o one_o john_n for_o his_o brave_a behaviour_n in_o war_n be_v make_v one_o of_o the_o first_o knight_n of_o the_o garter_n by_o edw._n 3._o there_o be_v now_o a_o heir-male_a of_o the_o same_o family_n a_o reverend_a old_a man_n with_o a_o good_a stock_n of_o child_n name_v edmund_n l'isle_n still_o lord_n of_o this_o place_n five_o mile_n more_o inward_a to_o the_o east_n be_v the_o four_o fortification_n or_o ditch_n with_o a_o rampart_n the_o large_a of_o all_o call_v cambridge_n call_v it_o be_v a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o new-market_n and_o be_v as_o big_a or_o big_a than_o wansditch_n the_o graft_n be_v towards_o cambridge_n devils-dyke_n devils-ditch_n devils-ditch_n by_o the_o common_a people_n because_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o work_n of_o devil_n rather_o than_o man_n and_o rech-dyke_n by_o other_o from_z reach_z a_o little_a market-town_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o questionless_a this_o be_v the_o same_o that_o abbo_n floriacensis_fw-la speak_v of_o in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o east-angle_n from_o the_o same_o part_n where_o the_o sun_n decline_v to_o the_o west_n this_o province_n join_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n and_o consequent_o there_o be_v a_o clear_a passage_n but_o to_o prevent_v the_o enemy_n frequent_a incursion_n it_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o bank_n like_o a_o lofty_a wall_n and_o a_o deep_a ditch_n this_o for_o many_o mile_n together_o crosses_z that_o plain_a that_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o newmarket_n heath_n a_o place_n most_o liable_a to_o invasion_n begin_v at_o reach_z beyond_o which_o the_o country_n be_v fenny_a and_o impassable_a and_o end_v just_a by_o cowlidge_n where_o the_o wood_n stop_v all_o march_n it_o be_v then_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o the_o east-angle_n it_o be_v uncertain_a who_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o such_o a_o mighty_a work_n late_a writer_n ascribe_v it_o to_o k._n canute_n the_o dane_n though_o in_o truth_n abbo_n who_o mention_n it_o die_v before_o canute_n begin_v his_o reign_n 1018._o abbo_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1003._o sigebertus_n â—anutus_fw-la begin_v his_o reign_n in_o 1018._o and_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n where_o it_o treat_v of_o athelwolf_n rebellion_n against_o edward_n the_o elder_a call_v it_o simple_o the_o ditch_n it_o say_v that_o king_n edward_n destroy_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o ditch_n and_o the_o ouse_n as_o far_o as_o the_o north_n fen_n and_o that_o athelwolf_n the_o rebel_n and_o eohric_a the_o dane_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o same_o battle_n but_o the_o writer_n since_o canute_n have_v call_v it_o st._n edmund_n liberty_n and_o st._n edmund_n ditch_n suppose_v that_o canute_n make_v it_o because_o a_o most_o devout_a adorer_n of_o st._n edmund_n the_o martyr_n who_o to_o make_v amends_o for_o his_o father_n swane_n horrid_a cruelty_n to_o they_o have_v grant_v to_o the_o religious_a of_o st._n edmundsbury_n vast_a privilege_n as_o far_o as_o this_o very_a ditch_n whence_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o his_o book_n of_o prelate_n say_v that_o the_o custom-officer_n in_o other_o place_n fall_v out_o mad_o without_o consider_v right_a or_o wrong_n but_o on_o this_o side_n st._n edmund_n ditch_n the_o modest_a suppliants_z immediate_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o all_o quarrel_n sure_o enough_o these_o two_o last_o mention_v bulwark_n be_v call_v st._n edmund_n ditch_n for_o matthew_n florilegus_n declare_v that_o the_o battle_n against_o athelwolf_n be_v fight_v between_o st._n edmund_n two_o ditch_n nigh_o reach_z lies_z burwell_n burwell_n burwell_n where_o be_v a_o castle_n which_o in_o those_o troublesome_a time_n of_o k._n stephen_n be_v brave_o attack_v by_o geoffry_n villa_n geoffry_n de_fw-fr magna_fw-la villa_n mandevil_n earl_n of_o essex_n a_o person_n who_o lose_v much_o honour_n by_o his_o unjust_a invasion_n of_o other_o right_n till_o a_o arrow_n pierce_v his_o head_n and_o free_v those_o country_n from_o their_o tedious_a jealousy_n scarce_o two_o mile_n off_o stand_v lanheath_n for_o many_o year_n the_o seat_n of_o that_o worthy_a family_n of_o knight_n the_o cotton_n time_n cotton_n from_o which_o wicken_n be_v nâ—t_o far_o distant_a which_o come_v to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o peyton_n by_o a_o daughter_n and_o coheir_n of_o the_o gernons_n aboâ—t_fw-la edw._n 3.'s_n time_n and_o a_o little_a off_o that_o lie_v isleham_n isleham_n isleham_n a_o town_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o bernard_n which_o come_v to_o they_o by_o marriage_n with_o the_o knightly_a family_n of_o the_o peyton_n peyton_n peyton_n from_o who_o male_a line_n spring_v the_o ufford_n the_o same_o which_o produce_v the_o ufford_v earl_n of_o suffolk_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n though_o indeed_o they_o take_v the_o surname_n of_o peyton_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n from_o peyton_n a_o little_a town_n in_o suffolk_n their_o seat_n for_o many_o year_n upon_o the_o same_o ditch_n stand_v kirtling_n kirtling_n kirtling_n likewise_o call_v catlidg_n now_o remarkable_a for_o the_o principal_a seat_n of_o the_o baron_n north_n north._n baron_n north._n of_o which_o edward_n north_n be_v the_o first_o who_o queen_n mary_n for_o his_o merit_n invest_v with_o that_o title_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o a_o ancient_a synod_n hold_v here_o when_o the_o clergy_n have_v a_o mighty_a contest_v about_o the_o celebration_n of_o easter_n y_o the_o upper_a and_o north_n part_v of_o this_o shire_n be_v all_o over_o divide_v into_o river-isle_n branch_v out_o by_o the_o many_o flow_n of_o ditch_n channel_n and_o drain_v ely_n the_o fen_n aâ—d_a lâ—â—_n of_o ely_n which_o all_o summer_n long_o afford_v a_o most_o delightful_a green_a prospect_n but_o in_o wintertime_n be_v almost_o all_o lay_v under_o water_n farther_z every_o way_n than_o a_o man_n can_v see_v and_o in_o some_o sort_n resemble_v the_o sea_n itself_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fenny_a country_n which_o reach_v 68_o mile_n from_o the_o border_n of_o suffolk_n to_o wainflet_n in_o lincolnshire_n contain_v some_o million_o of_o acre_n in_o the_o four_o county_n of_o cambridge_n huntingdon_n northampton_n and_o lincoln_n be_v call_v girvii_n girvii_n girvii_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v according_a to_o some_o man_n explanation_n fen-man_n a_o sort_n of_o people_n much_o like_o the_o place_n of_o brutish_a uncivilise_v temper_n envious_a of_o all_o other_o who_o they_o term_v upland_n man_n and_o usual_o walk_v aloft_o upon_o a_o sort_n of_o stilt_n they_o all_o keep_v to_o the_o business_n of_o graze_v fish_v and_o fowl_v all_o this_o country_n in_o the_o wintertime_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n be_v lay_v under-water_n by_o the_o river_n ouse_n grant_v nen_n welland_n glene_n and_o witham_n for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a passage_n but_o when_o they_o once_o keep_v to_o their_o proper_a channel_n it_o so_o strange_o abound_v with_o a_o rich_a grass_n and_o rank_a hey_n by_o they_o call_v lid_n that_o when_o they_o have_v mow_v enough_o for_o their_o own_o use_n in_o november_n they_o burn_v up_o the_o rest_n to_o make_v it_o come_v again_o the_o thick_a about_o which_o time_n a_o man_n may_v see_v all_o the_o moorish_a country_n round_o about_o of_o a_o light_a fire_n to_o his_o great_a wonder_n beside_o it_o afford_v great_a quantity_n of_o turf_n and_o sedge_n for_o fire_v reed_n for_o thatch_v elder_n also_o and_o other_o water-shrub_n especial_o willow_n either_o grow_v wild_a or_o else_o set_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o river_n to_o prevent_v their_o overflow_a which_o be_v frequent_o cut_v down_o profuerunt_fw-la down_o innumero_fw-la hâ—â—reat_fw-la profuerunt_fw-la come_v again_o to_o use_v pliny_n expression_n with_o a_o numerous_a offspring_n it_o be_v of_o these_o that_o basket_n be_v make_v both_o here_o and_o in_o other_o place_n and_o because_o the_o britain_n call_v they_o baskade_n i_o here_o observe_v by_o the_o by_o that_o i_o do_v understand_v martial_a in_o that_o place_n of_o his_o apophoreta_n if_o he_o do_v not_o mean_v these_o barbara_n de_fw-fr pictis_fw-la veni_fw-la bascauda_fw-la britannis_fw-la sed_fw-la i_o jam_fw-la mavult_fw-la dicere_fw-la roma_fw-la svam_fw-la from_o britain_n far_a isle_n the_o basket_n come_v which_o now_o be_v challenge_v as_o her_o own_o by_o rome_n beside_o these_o there_o grow_v large_a quantity_n of_o scordium_n sâ—â—â—dium_fw-la sâ—â—â—dium_fw-la or_o water-germand_a upon_o the_o bank_n of_o ditch_n as_o for_o these_o fenny_a isle_n felix_n a_o ancient_a writer_n have_v describe_v they_o thus_o there_o be_v a_o wonderful_a
râ—â—land_n of_o this_o family_n john_n depart_v this_o life_n sept._n 29._o 1679._o and_o leave_v this_o title_n to_o his_o only_a son_n john_n the_o present_a earl_n of_o rutland_n lincolnshire_n this_o county_n of_o lincoln_n border_n upon_o rutland_n on_o the_o east_n call_v by_o the_o saxon_n lincollscyre_n by_o the_o norman_n upon_o their_o first_o entrance_n into_o this_o island_n by_o a_o transposal_n of_o letter_n nicolshire_n but_o common_o now_o lincolnshire_n it_o be_v a_o very_a large_a county_n be_v almost_o sixty_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o some_o place_n above_o thirty_o broad_a fit_v by_o the_o mildness_n of_o the_o air_n for_o the_o produce_v of_o corn_n and_o feed_n of_o cattle_n adorn_v with_o many_o town_n and_o water_a with_o many_o river_n on_o the_o east-side_n it_o shoot_v out_o a_o supercilium_fw-la a_o supercilium_fw-la foreland_n of_o great_a compass_n which_o bound_n upon_o the_o german_a ocean_n on_o the_o north_n it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o abus_n or_o humber_n a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n it_o join_v to_o nottinghamshire_n and_o on_o the_o south_n it_o be_v part_v from_o northamptonshire_n by_o the_o river_n welland_n the_o whole_a county_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n holland_z kesteven_n and_o lindsey_n as_o we_o in_o our_o language_n call_v it_o asleep_o holland_n holland_n holland_n which_o ingulphus_n call_v hoiland_n be_v next_o the_o sea_n and_o like_o holland_n in_o germany_n be_v so_o very_o moist_a in_o many_o place_n that_o the_o print_n of_o one_o foot_n remain_v in_o it_o and_o the_o surface_n itself_o shake_v if_o stamp_v on_o from_o whence_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v take_v its_o name_n unless_o with_o ingulphus_n one_o will_v have_v hoiland_n to_o be_v the_o right_a name_n and_o that_o it_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o hay_n make_v here_o hoy._n here_o with_o our_o progenitor_n broad_o call_v hoy._n b_o all_o this_o part_n lie_v upon_o that_o estuary_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v metaris_n metaris_n metaris_n instead_o of_o maltraith_n at_o this_o day_n the_o washes_n wash_v the_o wash_v this_o estuary_n be_v very_o large_a and_o famous_a cover_v with_o water_n at_o every_o flow_a of_o the_o tide_n and_o passable_a again_o at_o every_o ebb_n though_o not_o without_o danger_n as_o king_n john_n to_o his_o own_o loss_n experience_v for_o whilst_o in_o the_o baron_n war_n he_o attempt_v to_o pass_v here_o he_o lose_v all_o his_o carriage_n and_o furniture_n near_o foss-dyke_n and_o welstream_n by_o a_o sudden_a inundation_n as_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n tell_v we_o this_o part_n of_o the_o county_n call_v silt_v which_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o the_o great_a heap_n of_o sand_n believe_v to_o have_v be_v forsake_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o assault_v on_o one_o side_n with_o the_o ocean_n and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o a_o mighty_a flood_n of_o water_n which_o drain_v from_o the_o high_a country_n that_o all_o the_o winter_n they_o constant_o watch_v it_o and_o can_v hardly_o with_o their_o cast-up_a bank_n defend_v themselves_o against_o those_o dangerous_a enemy_n the_o ground_n produce_v very_o little_a corn_n but_o much_o grass_n and_o be_v well_o store_v with_o fish_n and_o seafowl_n but_o the_o soil_n be_v so_o soft_a that_o they_o work_v their_o horse_n unshod_a and_o you_o shall_v not_o find_v so_o much_o as_o a_o little_a stone_n which_o have_v not_o be_v bring_v from_o some_o other_o place_n yet_o however_o the_o church_n here_o be_v beautiful_a and_o well_o build_v of_o square_a stone_n it_o be_v very_o evident_a from_o the_o bank_n cast_v up_o against_o the_o water_n now_o distant_a two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o from_o the_o hill_n near_o sutterton_n which_o they_o call_v salthill_n salt-hillâ—_a salt-hillâ—_a that_o the_o sea_n come_v further_o up_o here_o be_v great_a want_n of_o fresh_a water_n in_o all_o place_n have_v no_o other_o supply_n but_o the_o rain_n water_n in_o pit_n which_o if_o deep_a soon_o turn_v the_o 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the_o place_n be_v strange_a and_o different_a from_o all_o other_o in_o england_n and_o the_o monastery_n particular_o famous_a in_o former_a time_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o description_n of_o it_o somewhat_o at_o large_a this_o crowland_n lie_v in_o the_o fen_n so_o enclose_v and_o encompass_v with_o deep_a bog_n and_o pool_n that_o there_o be_v no_o access_n to_o it_o but_o on_o the_o north_n and_o east-side_n and_o these_o by_o narrow_a causey_n this_o monastery_n and_o venice_n if_o we_o may_v compare_v thing_n of_o such_o different_a size_n and_o proportion_n have_v the_o same_o situation_n it_o consist_v of_o three_o street_n separate_v each_o from_o the_o other_o by_o watercourse_n plant_v with_o willow_n build_v on_o pile_n drive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pool_n have_v communication_n by_o a_o triangular_a bridge_n curious_o build_v under_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n say_v there_o be_v a_o very_a deep_a pit_n dig_v to_o receive_v the_o concourse_n of_o water_n 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joffrid_n the_o abbot_n obtain_v of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o england_n a_o indulgence_n to_o every_o one_o that_o help_v forward_o so_o religious_a a_o work_n for_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o penance_n enjoin_v for_o the_o sin_n he_o have_v commit_v with_o this_o he_o send_v out_o monk_n every_o where_o to_o pick_v up_o money_n and_o have_v enough_o he_o appoint_v st._n perpetua_n and_o felicity_n day_n to_o be_v that_o in_o which_o he_o will_v lay_v the_o foundation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o work_n from_o some_o fortunate_a name_n may_v be_v auspicious_o begin_v at_o which_o time_n the_o noble_n and_o prelate_n with_o the_o common_a people_n meet_v in_o great_a number_n prayer_n be_v say_v and_o anthem_n sing_v the_o abbot_n himself_o lay_v the_o first_o corner_n stone_n on_o the_o east-side_n after_o he_o every_o noble_a man_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n lay_v his_o stone_n some_o lay_v money_n other_o write_n by_o
de_fw-fr scremby_n at_o last_o the_o king_n give_v it_o to_o henry_n to_o sir_n henry_n henry_n de_fw-fr bellomonte_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o he_o enjoy_v it_o in_o edward_n the_o second_o be_v reign_v â—ckingâ—m_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 4._o e._n 2._o â—ckingâ—m_fw-la near_o this_o be_v skrekingham_n remarkable_a for_o the_o death_n of_o alfric_n the_o second_o earl_n of_o leicester_n kill_v by_o hubba_n the_o dane_n which_o place_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a ingulphus_n speak_v of_o when_o he_o write_v in_o kesteven_n three_o danish_n petty_a king_n be_v slay_v and_o they_o inter_v they_o in_o a_o certain_a village_n heretofore_o call_v laundon_n but_o now_o trekingham_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o burial_n of_o the_o three_o king_n more_o to_o the_o east_n be_v hather_n famous_a for_o nothing_o but_o the_o name_n of_o the_o bussey_n or_o busleys_n â—â—fy_v â—â—fy_v who_o live_v here_o and_o derive_v themselves_o from_o roger_n de_fw-fr busley_n cotemporary_a with_o the_o conqueror_n â—â—xd_a â—â—xd_a and_o then_o sleford_n a_o castle_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n erect_v by_o alexander_n the_o bishop_n where_o also_o john_n also_o sir_n john_n john_n hussy_n â—â—ly_a 〈◊〉_d â—â—ly_a the_o first_o and_o last_o baron_n of_o that_o name_n 8._o name_n create_v by_o king_n henry_n 8._o build_v himself_o a_o house_n but_o lose_v his_o head_n for_o rash_o engage_v in_o the_o common_a insurrection_n in_o the_o year_n 1537_o when_o the_o feud_n and_o difference_n about_o religion_n first_o break_v out_o in_o england_n a_o few_o mile_n from_o hence_o stand_v kime_n â—me_n â—me_n from_o whence_o a_o noble_a family_n call_v the_o kime_n have_v their_o name_n but_o the_o umfranvils_n three_o of_o who_o be_v summon_v to_o sit_v in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n by_o the_o name_n of_o earl_n of_o angus_n in_o scotland_n igus_n â—s_n of_o igus_n become_v at_o last_o possessor_n of_o it_o the_o sage_n of_o the_o common_a law_n will_v not_o allow_v the_o first_o of_o these_o forasmuch_o as_o angus_n be_v not_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o be_v a_o earl_n before_o he_o produce_v in_o open_a court_n the_o king_n be_v write_v by_o which_o he_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n under_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o angus_n from_o the_o umfravil_n this_o come_v to_o the_o talbois_n one_o of_o which_o family_n name_v gilbert_n be_v by_o henry_n the_o eight_o create_v baron_n of_o talbois_n who_o two_o son_n die_v without_o issue_n so_o that_o the_o inheritance_n go_v by_o female_n to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o dimock_n ingleby_n and_o other_o more_o to_o the_o west_n stand_v temple_n bruer_n â—er_n â—mple_a â—er_n that_o be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o temple_n in_o the_o heath_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o preceptory_a of_o the_o templar_n for_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruinous_a wall_n of_o a_o demolish_a church_n not_o unlike_o those_o of_o the_o new_a temple_n in_o london_n near_o it_o be_v blankeney_n â—ncourt_n â—ons_n â—ncourt_n once_o the_o barony_n of_o the_o deincourts_n who_o flourish_v in_o a_o continue_a succession_n from_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 6._o for_o then_o their_o heir_n male_a fail_v in_o one_o william_n who_o two_o sister_n and_o heir_n be_v marry_v the_o one_o to_o william_n to_o sir_n william_n william_n lovel_n the_o other_o to_o ralph_n cromwell_n i_o have_v the_o more_o ready_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o family_n because_o i_o will_v willing_o answer_v the_o request_n of_o edmund_n baron_n deincourt_n who_o be_v long_o since_o so_o very_o desirous_a to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o his_o name_n have_v no_o issue_n male_a he_o petition_v k._n ed._n 2._o for_o liberty_n to_o make_v over_o his_o manor_n and_o arm_n to_o whosoever_o he_o please_v 2._o â—_o 21_o h._n 6._o â—_o 10_o â—w_n 2._o for_o he_o imagine_v that_o both_o his_o name_n and_o arm_n will_v go_v to_o the_o grave_n with_o he_o and_o be_v very_o solicitous_a they_o shall_v survive_v and_o be_v remember_v according_o the_o king_n comply_v and_o he_o have_v letter_n patent_n for_o that_o end_n yet_o this_o surname_n so_o far_o as_o my_o knowledge_n go_v be_v now_o quite_o extinct_a and_o will_v have_v be_v drown_v in_o oblivion_n if_o book_n and_o learning_n have_v not_o save_v it_o in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o kesteven_n where_o this_o county_n border_n on_o leicestershire_n on_o a_o very_a steep_a and_o as_o it_o seem_v â—erâ—le_a â—voir_fw-fr or_o â—erâ—le_a artificial_a hill_n stand_v belvoir_n or_o beauvoir-castle_n so_o call_v whatever_o the_o name_n be_v former_o from_o its_o pleasant_a prospect_n which_o with_o the_o little_a monastery_n adjoin_v be_v build_v as_o it_o be_v give_v out_o by_o todeneius_n a_o norman_a from_o who_o by_o the_o albeny_v britan_n and_o by_o the_o roos_n baron_n it_o come_v to_o be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o manor_n earl_n of_o rutland_n by_o the_o first_o of_o who_o name_v thomas_n it_o be_v as_o i_o have_v hear_v rebuilt_a after_o it_o have_v lay_v in_o ruin_n many_o year_n for_o william_n lord_n hastings_n in_o spite_n to_o thomas_n lord_n roos_n who_o side_v with_o henry_n 6._o almost_o demolish_v it_o and_o upon_o the_o attainder_n of_o baron_n roos_n have_v it_o grant_v he_o by_o edward_n 4._o with_o very_o large_a possession_n but_o edmund_n baron_fw-fr roos_n the_o son_n of_o thomas_n by_o the_o bounty_n of_o henry_n 7._o regain_v this_o his_o ancestor_n inheritance_n o_fw-la about_o this_o castle_n be_v find_v the_o stone_n call_v astroite_n astroite_n astroite_n which_o resemble_v little_a star_n link_v one_o with_o another_o have_v five_o ray_n in_o every_o corner_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o every_o ray_n a_o hollow_a this_o stone_n among_o the_o german_n have_v its_o name_n from_o victory_n for_o they_o think_v as_o georgius_n agricola_n write_v in_o his_o six_o book_n of_o mineral_n that_o whosoever_o carry_v this_o stone_n about_o he_o shall_v be_v successful_a against_o his_o enemy_n but_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o make_v the_o experiment_n whether_o this_o stone_n of_o we_o when_o put_v in_o vinegar_n will_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n and_o whirl_v round_o like_o that_o in_o germany_n the_o vale_n beneath_o this_o castle_n common_o call_v from_o it_o the_o vale_n of_o belver_n belver_n the_o vale_n of_o belver_n be_v pretty_a large_a and_o exceed_o pleasant_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o cornfield_n and_o pasture_n there_o it_o lie_v part_n in_o nottinghamshire_n part_n in_o leicestershire_n and_o part_n in_o lincolnshire_n if_o not_o in_o this_o very_a place_n yet_o for_o certain_a very_o near_o it_o place_v it_o see_v the_o addition_n to_o rutlandshire_n under_o the_o title_n market-overton_n where_o it_o be_v more_o convenient_o place_v stand_v former_o that_o margidunum_n margidunum_n margidunum_n which_o antoninus_n make_v mention_n of_o next_o to_o vernometum_n and_o this_o may_v sufficient_o be_v prove_v both_o by_o its_o name_n and_o distance_n from_o vernometum_n and_o the_o town_n ad_fw-la pontem_n otherwise_o paunton_n for_o antoninus_n place_n it_o between_o they_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v take_v this_o ancient_a name_n from_o marga_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o for_o marga_n among_o the_o britain_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o earth_n with_o which_o they_o manure_v their_o ground_n and_o dunum_n which_o signify_v a_o hill_n be_v applicable_a only_o to_o high_a place_n but_o i_o do_v for_o all_o that_o very_o much_o question_v this_o etymology_n see_v there_o be_v very_o little_a marl_n in_o this_o place_n the_o not_o search_v for_o it_o be_v perhaps_o the_o reason_n except_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o name_n of_o marga_n understand_v gypsum_fw-la understand_v gypsum_fw-la plaister-stone_n which_o be_v as_o i_o be_o inform_v dig_v up_o not_o far_o from_o hence_o and_o be_v as_o pliny_n declare_v in_o his_o natural_a history_n in_o great_a request_n among_o the_o roman_n who_o use_v it_o in_o their_o plaistering_n and_o sigillis_fw-la and_o sigillis_fw-la ceiling_n through_o this_o part_n of_o the_o shire_n run_v witham_n witham_n riu._n witham_n a_o little_a river_n but_o very_o full_a of_o pike_n and_o the_o northern_a part_n be_v bound_v by_o it_o it_o be_v spring_n head_n be_v at_o a_o little_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n bitham_n bitham_n not_o far_o from_o the_o ruin_n of_o bitham-castle_n which_o as_o we_o find_v in_o a_o old_a pedigree_n be_v by_o william_n the_o first_o give_v to_o stephen_n earl_n of_o albemarle_n and_o holderness_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o feed_v his_o son_n as_o yet_o a_o little_a infant_n with_o fine_a white_a bread_n for_o at_o that_o time_n nought_o be_v eat_v in_o holderness_n but_o oat-bread_n although_o it_o be_v now_o very_o little_o use_v there_o this_o castle_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n 3_o be_v when_o
welsh_a kaer_n gwrle_n into_o this_o king_n edward_n 1._o retire_v when_o the_o welsh_a have_v surprise_v his_o army_n near_o which_o there_o be_v millstone_n millstone_n millstone_n hew_v out_o of_o a_o rock_n and_o likewise_o mold_n call_v in_o british_a y_fw-fr wydhgrig_n the_o castle_n former_o of_o the_o baron_n of_o monthault_n e_fw-la both_o which_o show_v many_o token_n of_o antiquity_n near_o hope_n whilst_o i_o be_v draw_v up_o these_o note_n a_o certain_a gardener_n dig_v somewhat_o deep_a discover_v a_o very_a ancient_a work_n concern_v which_o several_a have_v make_v various_a conjecture_n but_o whoever_o consult_v m._n vitruvius_n pollio_n will_v find_v it_o no_o other_o than_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o hypocaust_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o grow_v luxurious_a as_o their_o wealth_n increase_v use_v bath_n bath_n bath_n very_o much_o it_o be_v five_o ell_n long_o four_o broad_a and_o about_o half_a a_o ell_n in_o height_n encompass_v with_o wall_n hew_v out_o of_o the_o 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the_o river_n kent_n be_v a_o spring_n call_v the_o drop_v well_o that_o petrify_v moss_n wood_n leaf_n etc._n etc._n west_n from_o hence_o lie_v witherslack_n witherslack_n witherslack_n in_o which_o manor_n not_o long_o since_o a_o fair_a parochial_a chapel_n be_v build_v and_o endow_v by_o dr._n john_n barwick_n late_a dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a_o native_a of_o the_o place_n consecrate_v by_o dr._n wilkins_n late_a bish_n of_o chester_n june_n 22._o 1671._o and_o dedicate_v to_o s_o paul_n the_o charity_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a because_o of_o its_o remoteness_n from_o betham_n the_o parish-church_n c_o next_o the_o river_n carry_v we_o to_o kendal_n kendal_n kendal_n which_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n incorporate_v by_o the_o name_n of_o alderman_n and_o burgess_n but_o afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n 1_o an._n reg._n 11._o it_o be_v incorporate_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o mayor_n twelve_o alderman_n and_o twenty_o four_o burgess_n beside_o the_o lord_n and_o earl_n since_o our_o author_n time_n it_o have_v also_o have_v its_o duke_n which_o title_n it_o give_v first_o to_o charles_n stuart_n three_o son_n to_o james_n duke_n of_o york_n afterward_o king_n james_n 2._o declare_v duke_n of_o kendal_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o do_v not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v water-crooke_n so_o call_v from_o a_o remarkable_a crooking_a in_o the_o river_n where_o upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o that_o river_n be_v a_o old_a square_a fort_n the_o bank_n and_o ditch_n whereof_o be_v still_o visible_a that_o it_o be_v roman_a the_o discovery_n of_o coin_n break_a altar_n and_o other_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n will_v not_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o make_v the_o least_o scruple_n of_o which_o if_o our_o author_n have_v find_v it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v have_v fix_v the_o concangii_n rather_o here_o than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n because_o in_o the_o notitia_fw-la it_o be_v place_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 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it_o ad_fw-la lineam_fw-la valli_n the_o second_o that_o mr._n camden_n himself_o have_v sixth_o it_n at_o willyford_n in_o cumberland_n where_o without_o all_o doubt_n the_o cohors_fw-la prima_fw-la aelia_n dacorum_n have_v their_o abode_n as_o appear_v from_o several_a inscription_n that_o have_v be_v find_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n how_o to_o reconcile_v those_o two_o opinion_n and_o mr._n camden_n to_o himself_o be_v the_o difficulty_n perhaps_o it_o can_v be_v do_v more_o plausible_o than_o by_o suppose_v that_o this_o ambleside_n may_v be_v the_o chief_a station_n or_o standing-quarter_n and_o that_o the_o other_o not_o willowford_n but_o the_o bank_n end_n and_o perhaps_o the_o bridge_n there_o over_o the_o river_n which_o they_o wâ—â—e_v to_o defend_v be_v possible_o the_o fort_n assign_v they_o wâ—en_o they_o be_v call_v out_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n to_o defend_v the_o picts-wall_n for_o we_o can_v imagine_v 〈◊〉_d troop_n that_o be_v quarter_v tâ—eâ—e_o on_o purpose_n to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o enemy_n know_v their_o particular_a post_n as_o well_o 〈◊〉_d their_o place_n and_o employment_n in_o their_o camp_n and_o â—ntrenchments_n and_o this_o post_n they_o may_v possible_o enough_o mark_v out_o by_o inscription_n and_o altar_n but_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o the_o notitia_fw-la place_n â—â—â—â—gâ—ana_fw-la ad_fw-la lineam_fw-la valli_n which_o yet_o may_v be_v so_o construe_v as_o not_o strict_o to_o imply_v the_o line_n or_o track_n of_o the_o wall_n itself_o but_o only_o to_o signify_v the_o line_n of_o communication_n which_o several_a auxiliary_n have_v with_o those_o who_o be_v quarter_v upon_o the_o pict_n wall_n among_o other_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n discover_v about_o this_o old_a work_n at_o ambleside_n be_v several_a medal_n of_o gold_n silver_z and_o copper_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o that_o collection_n which_o mr._n thomas_n brathwate_fw-mi of_o amblesâ—de_n give_v by_o deed_n date_v 26_o nou._n 1674._o to_o the_o library_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n a_o little_a mile_n north_n of_o ambleside_n be_v ridal-hall_n ridal_n ridal_n a_o convenient_a large_a ancient_a house_n in_o which_o lordship_n be_v a_o very_a high_a mountain_n call_v ridall-head_n from_o the_o top_n whereof_o one_o have_v a_o large_a prospect_n and_o if_o the_o day_n be_v clear_a may_v see_v lancaster-castle_n and_o much_o far_o the_o manor_n ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o lancaster_n from_o who_o it_o descend_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o the_o fleming_n who_o have_v be_v lord_n of_o it_o ever_o since_o the_o present_a owner_n be_v sir_n daniel_n fleming_n a_o great_a lover_n of_o ancient_a learning_n to_o who_o we_o be_v particular_o oblige_v for_o several_a useful_a information_n in_o this_o county_n and_o lancashire_n f_o next_o we_o come_v to_o the_o barony_n of_o westmoreland_n whereof_o our_o author_n have_v give_v a_o much_o more_o just_a description_n by_o call_v it_o a_o open_a champain_n country_n of_o cornfield_n meadow_n and_o pasture_n mix_v with_o wood_n and_o as_o it_o be_v hem_v in_o by_o a_o wall_n of_o high_a mountain_n than_o by_o say_v that_o it_o shoot_v out_o with_o many_o wind_n and_o turn_n between_o which_o there_o be_v here_o and_o there_o exceed_v deep_a valley_n which_o very_o well_o suit_v that_o part_n he_o see_v of_o it_o but_o be_v not_o by_o any_o mean_v applicable_a to_o the_o rest_n the_o river_n lune_fw-fr rise_v a_o little_a above_o rissendale_n run_v by_o lang-gill_n where_o dr._n barlow_n late_a bishop_n of_o lincoln_n be_v bear_v in_o april_n 1607._o afterward_o receive_v the_o river_n birkbeck_n it_o run_v down_o by_o a_o field_n call_v gallaber_n where_o there_o stand_v a_o bandreth-stone_n a_o bandreth-stone_n red_a stone_n about_o a_o ell_n high_a with_o two_o cross_n cut_v deep_a on_o one_o side_n the_o tradition_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v that_o former_o it_o be_v the_o merestone_n between_o the_o english_a and_o scot_n how_o true_a it_o may_v be_v i_o dare_v not_o affirm_v but_o only_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v about_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o scotland_n that_o rerecross_a upon_o stanemore_a be_v and_o to_o what_o end_n that_o be_v erect_v mr._n camden_n have_v tell_v we_o to_o prevent_v also_o the_o incursion_n of_o that_o people_n there_o be_v a_o artificial_a mount_n call_v castle-haw_a near_a tebay_n where_o be_v a_o free-school_n endow_v by_o mr._n adamson_n bear_v at_o rownthwait_n who_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o orton-church_n and_o another_o at_o greenholme_n which_o two_o command_v the_o two_o great_a road_n a_o little_a above_o rownthwait_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o jeffrey-mount_a be_v a_o little_a spring_n call_v goud-sike_a which_o continual_o cast_v up_o small_a silver-like_a piece_n resemble_v spangle_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n be_v leave_v to_o naturalist_n to_o determine_v this_o parish_n of_o 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hospitality_n and_o
connexion_n of_o letter_n which_o the_o engraver_n have_v give_v you_o pretty_a exact_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v read_v thus_o jovi_fw-la optimo_fw-la maximo_fw-la ala_fw-la augusta_n ob_fw-la virtutem_fw-la appellata_fw-la cvi_fw-la praeest_fw-la publius_n aelius_n publii_fw-la filius_fw-la sergia_n magnus_fw-la de_fw-fr mursa_n ex_fw-la pannonia_n inferiore_fw-la praefectus_fw-la aproniano_n &_o fortasse_fw-la bradua_n consulibus_fw-la the_o three_o altar_n 193._o under_o commodus_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 193._o inscribe_v to_o the_o local_a deity_n belatucadrus_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v read_v belatucadro_n julius_n civilis_fw-la optio_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la excubiis_fw-la praefectus_fw-la votum_fw-la solvit_fw-la libens_fw-la merito_fw-la the_o four_o be_v very_o fair_a and_o have_v nothing_o of_o difficulty_n in_o it_o it_o be_v to_o be_v read_v thus_o diis_fw-la deabusque_fw-la publius_n posthumius_fw-la acilianus_n praefectus_fw-la cohortis_fw-la primae_fw-la 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general_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o conjurer_n and_o a_o vain_a credulous_a temper_n have_v hand_v down_o i_o know_v not_o what_o miracle_n of_o he_o below_o this_o monastery_n the_o bay_n receive_v the_o little_a waver_v increase_v by_o the_o wize_n a_o small_a river_n at_o the_o head_n whereof_o the_o melancholy_a ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a city_n teach_v we_o that_o nothing_o in_o this_o world_n be_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o fate_n by_o the_o neighbour_a inhabitant_n it_o be_v call_v old_a carlisle_n but_o what_o its_o ancient_a name_n shall_v be_v i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v the_o castra_n exploratorum_n wal._n castra_n â—ploraâ—â—_n of_o the_o â—an_v 〈◊〉_d more_o 〈◊〉_d the_o pâ—â—â—_n wal._n the_o distance_n in_o antoninus_n who_o give_v we_o the_o most_o considerable_a place_n but_o do_v not_o always_o go_v to_o they_o by_o the_o short_a cut_n both_o from_o bulgium_n and_o lugu-vallum_a answer_n very_o well_o for_o spy_v of_o a_o enemy_n you_o can_v not_o have_v a_o 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gordiani_n p._n f._n invicti_fw-la aug_n et_fw-fr sabiniae_n tr_z jaetranqvile_a coniugi_n eius_n to_o taqve_n domv_n divin_n eorum_n ala_n aug._n gordia_fw-la ob_fw-la virtutem_fw-la appellata_fw-la posvit_fw-la cvi_o praeest_fw-la aemilius_n crispinus_n praef_n eqq._n natus_n in_o pro_fw-la africa_n de_fw-fr tvidro_n sub_fw-la cur_fw-la nonnii_n phlippi_n leg_n aug_n propreto_o attico_fw-la et_fw-la praetextato_fw-it 243._o an._n christ_n 243._o coss._n specify_v coss._n this_o votive_a altar_n also_o of_o a_o rude_a stone_n be_v erect_v for_o the_o happy_a health_n of_o the_o emperor_n gordian_n the_o three_o and_o his_o wife_n furia_n sabina_n tranquilla_fw-la and_o their_o whole_a family_n by_o the_o troop_n of_o horseman_n surname_v augusta_n gordiana_n when_o aemilius_n crispinus_n a_o native_a of_o africa_n govern_v the_o same_o under_o nonnius_n philippus_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 243._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o consul_n therein_o specify_v and_o the_o altar_n be_v bring_v from_o hence_o which_o be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o highway_n at_o wigton_n â—â—gton_n â—â—gton_n on_o the_o side_n whereof_o one_o see_v a_o simpulum_fw-la a_o fusile_n a_o malleus_fw-la a_o patera_n etc._n etc._n sacrifice_v vessel_n but_o age_n have_v so_o entire_o wear_v out_o the_o inscription_n that_o there_o be_v no_o appearance_n of_o letter_n and_o not_o far_o from_o hence_o upon_o the_o military_a way_n be_v dug_n up_o a_o pillar_n of_o rude_a stone_n now_o to_o be_v see_v at_o thoresby_n â—â—â—resby_n â—â—â—resby_n with_o this_o inscription_n 248._o inscription_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o philip_n the_o emperor_n and_o his_o son_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 248._o imp_v caes_n m._n jul._n philippo_n pio_n feli_fw-la ci_o aug_n et_fw-la m._n jul._n phi_n lippo_fw-la nobilis_fw-la simo_n caes_n tr._n p._n cos_n ..._o this_o also_o among_o other_o be_v copy_v out_o for_o i_o by_o oswald_n dykes_n a_o very_a learned_a divine_a and_o be_v now_o at_o wardal_n the_o seat_n of_o his_o brother_n t._n dykes_n a_o very_a worthy_a gentleman_n deo_fw-la sancto_fw-la bela_n tucadro_n aurelius_n diatova_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aram_n 〈◊〉_d ara_n e_o x_o voto_fw-la posvit_fw-la ll._n mm._n and_o to_o another_o local_a deity_n be_v find_v this_o inscription_n deo_fw-la ceai_fw-la io_o aur_n m_n rti._fw-la et_fw-la m_o s_o eruracio_n pro_fw-la see_fw-la et_fw-la svis_fw-la v._o s._n ll._n m._n beside_o these_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o little_a image_n statue_n on_o horseback_n eagle_n lion_n ganymeds_n with_o several_a other_o evidence_n of_o antiquity_n be_v daily_o dig_v up_o a_o little_a high_o scot_n â—ay-â—h_a by_o scot_n there_o jut_v out_o a_o small_a promontory_n below_o which_o be_v a_o large_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n at_o present_a the_o boundary_a of_o england_n and_o scotland_n but_o former_o of_o the_o roman_a province_n and_o the_o pict_n upon_o this_o little_a promontory_n be_v that_o old_a town_n blatum-bulgium_n possible_o from_o the_o british_a bulch_z omnium_a omnium_a signify_v a_o partition_n or_o divorce_n from_o which_o as_o the_o most_o remote_a place_n and_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n antoninus_n begin_v his_o itinerary_n the_o inhabitant_n at_o
piece_n of_o it_o for_o a_o long_a way_n together_o stand_v entire_a except_o the_o battlement_n only_o that_o be_v throw_v down_o dd_v for_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o track_n of_o it_o run_v wonderful_o up_o the_o mountain_n and_o down_o again_o that_o where_o the_o field_n be_v plain_a and_o open_a there_o lie_v a_o broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n all_o along_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o only_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v fill_v up_o and_o on_o the_o inside_n a_o causey_n or_o military_a way_n but_o very_o often_o break_v and_o discontinue_v it_o have_v great_a number_n of_o tower_n or_o little_a castle_n a_o mile_n one_o from_o another_o call_v now_o castle-steed_n castle-steed_n castle-steed_n and_o on_o the_o inside_n a_o sort_n of_o fortify_v little_a town_n which_o they_o call_v to_o this_o day_n chester_n chester_n chester_n the_o foundation_n whereof_o in_o some_o place_n appear_v in_o a_o square_a form_n these_o have_v tower_n between_o they_o wherein_o the_o soldier_n be_v 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tower_n at_o constantinople_n in_o the_o history_n of_o severus_n but_o now_o though_o the_o wall_n be_v down_o and_o no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o trumpet_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o yet_o several_a hereabout_o hold_v manor_n and_o land_n of_o the_o king_n in_o cornage_n cornage_n cornage_n as_o the_o lawyer_n word_n it_o namely_o upon_o condition_n that_o they_o give_v their_o neighbour_n notice_n of_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o enemy_n by_o sound_v of_o a_o horn_n which_o some_o imagine_v to_o be_v a_o remain_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a custom_n they_o be_v also_o bind_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o scotch_a war_n upon_o the_o king_n summons_n as_o it_o be_v express_v from_o the_o public_a record_n in_o their_o march_n thither_o in_o the_o van_n but_o in_o their_o return_n in_o the_o rear_n but_o to_o mark_v out_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o wall_n wall_n the_o tract_n of_o the_o wall_n more_o accurate_o it_o begin_v at_o blatum_n bulgium_n or_o bulness_n upon_o the_o irish_a sea_n so_o 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surprise_v they_o make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o the_o wall_n pull_v down_o the_o guard_n with_o their_o crooked_a weapon_n break_v through_o the_o fortification_n and_o make_v a_o strange_a havoc_n of_o britain_n which_o be_v before_o almost_o ruin_v with_o civil_a war_n and_o a_o most_o grievous_a famine_n but_o gildas_n a_o britain_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o describe_v to_o you_o the_o most_o deplorable_a calamity_n of_o those_o time_n the_o roman_n be_v draw_v home_o there_o descend_v in_o great_a crowd_n from_o the_o little_a narrow_a bore_n of_o their_o caroche_n their_o the_o high-land_n scot_n call_v their_o little_a ship_n at_o this_o day_n caroche_n caroghe_n or_o cart_n wherein_o they_o be_v bring_v over_o the_o sea_n the_o stitica_fw-la vallis_n in_o the_o text_n but_o the_o paris_n edition_n read_v scytica_fw-la vallis_n possible_o the_o scâ—tch_n sea_n stitick_a vale_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n in_o a_o scorch_a hot_a season_n a_o duskish_a swarm_n of_o vermin_n or_o hideous_a crew_n of_o scot_n and_o pict_n somewhat_o different_a in_o manner_n but_o all_o alike_o thirst_v after_o blood_n etc._n etc._n who_o find_v that_o the_o old_a confederate_n the_o roman_n be_v march_v home_o and_o refuse_v to_o return_v any_o more_o put_v on_o great_a boldness_n than_o ever_o and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o north_n and_o thfe_n remote_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o very_a wall_n as_o if_o they_o be_v the_o true_a native_a proprietor_n to_o withstand_v this_o invasion_n the_o tower_n along_o the_o wall_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o lazy_a garrison_n undisciplined_a and_o too_o cowardly_a to_o engage_v a_o enemy_n be_v enfeeble_v with_o continual_a sloth_n and_o idleness_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o naked_a enemy_n advance_v with_o their_o hook_a weapon_n by_o which_o the_o miserable_a britain_n be_v pull_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o dash_v against_o the_o ground_n yet_o those_o who_o be_v destroy_v thus_o have_v this_o advantage_n in_o a_o untimely_a death_n that_o they_o escape_v those_o miserable_a suffering_n which_o immediate_o befall_v their_o brethren_n and_o child_n to_o be_v short_a have_v quit_v their_o city_n and_o the_o high_a wall_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n disband_v into_o a_o more_o desperate_a and_o hopeless_a dispersion_n than_o ever_o still_o the_o enemy_n give_v they_o chase_v still_o more_o cruel_a punishment_n be_v prepar_n d_o as_o lamb_n by_o the_o bloody_a butcher_n so_o be_v these_o poor_a creature_n hew_v to_o piece_n by_o their_o enemy_n so_o that_o they_o may_v just_o by_o their_o stay_n there_o be_v compare_v to_o herd_n of_o wild_a beast_n for_o these_o miserable_a people_n do_v not_o stick_v to_o rob_v one_o another_o for_o supply_v of_o victual_n so_o that_o inbred_a dissension_n enhance_v the_o misery_n of_o their_o foreign_a suffering_n and_o bring_v thing_n to_o that_o pass_n by_o this_o spoil_n and_o robbery_n that_o meat_n the_o support_n of_o life_n be_v want_v in_o the_o country_n and_o no_o comfort_n of_o that_o kind_a to_o be_v have_v but_o by_o recourse_n to_o hunt_v thus_o much_o be_v far_a observable_a waâ—â—_n the_o prudence_n of_o roman_n contriâ—â—_n the_o waâ—â—_n that_o as_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o roman_n do_v so_o contrive_v this_o wall_n as_o to_o have_v on_o the_o inside_n of_o it_o two_o great_a river_n the_o tine_n and_o irthing_n divide_v only_o by_o a_o narrow_a slip_n of_o land_n which_o may_v be_v as_o it_o be_v another_o fence_n so_o the_o cunning_a barbarian_n in_o their_o attempt_n upon_o it_o common_o make_v choice_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n between_o the_o river_n that_o after_o they_o have_v break_v through_o they_o may_v have_v no_o river_n in_o their_o way_n but_o have_v a_o clear_a passage_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o province_n as_o we_o will_v show_v by_o and_o by_o
probable_a that_o this_o be_v the_o alauna_n of_o ptolemy_n 3._o the_o three_o garrison_n for_o the_o out-guard_n of_o this_o and_o for_o secure_v the_o tract_n where_o the_o river_n be_v but_o narrow_a be_v place_v about_o eight_o mile_n to_o the_o north-east_n from_o the_o second_o island_n second_o see_v camden_n after_o the_o british_a island_n and_o be_v more_o full_o describe_v in_o the_o account_n of_o thule_n write_v by_o sir_n robert_n sibbalds_n it_o bid_v fair_a for_o ptolemy_n victoria_n which_o name_n it_o may_v possible_o get_v from_o the_o victory_n obtain_v near_o it_o by_o agricola_n over_o the_o caledonian_n roman_n medal_n have_v be_v find_v at_o it_o and_o not_o far_o from_o it_o there_o run_v a_o roman_a military_a way_n 4._o the_o four_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o which_o bede_n call_v guidi_n and_o which_o he_o place_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o wall_n call_v at_o present_a kirkintilloch_n as_o ancient_o kaerpentalloch_n and_o situate_v upon_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o wall_n here_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o great_a fortification_n and_o near_o it_o several_a inscription_n have_v be_v find_v some_o whereof_z be_v now_o keep_v at_o the_o house_n of_o cadir_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o this_o be_v the_o coria_n mention_v by_o ptolemy_n 5._o the_o five_o be_v where_o the_o town_n of_o paisly_a now_o be_v which_o one_o will_v imagine_v from_o the_o situation_n to_o be_v the_o bremenium_n of_o ptolemy_n 6._o the_o six_o be_v the_o most_o remote_a to_o the_o west_n call_v at_o this_o day_n dumbarton_n convenient_o situate_a in_o a_o point_n where_o the_o water_n of_o leven_n run_v into_o clyde_n but_o if_o this_o convenience_n be_v not_o testimony_n enough_o the_o inscription_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o neighbourhood_n will_v put_v it_o beyond_o all_o dispute_n the_o place_n of_o these_o garrison_n be_v probable_o the_o occasion_n of_o build_v the_o wall_n afterward_o along_o this_o tract_n but_o in_o building_n 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where_o bede_n say_v it_o begin_v be_v call_v walltoun_n at_o this_o day_n where_o there_o be_v a_o artificial_a mount_n dyke_v about_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o wall_n will_v be_v more_o easy_o apprehend_v by_o this_o draught_n of_o it_o take_v from_o the_o paper_n of_o mr._n timothy_n pont_n who_o have_v exact_o trace_v it_o and_o the_o observation_n of_o some_o other_o who_o after_o he_o have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o describe_v it_o a_o a_o a._n a_o ditch_n of_o twelve_o foot_n wide_a before_o the_o wall_n towards_o the_o enemy_n country_n b_o b._n a_o wall_n of_o square_a and_o cut_v stone_n two_o foot_n broad_a probable_o high_o than_o the_o wall_n to_o cover_v the_o defendant_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o wall_n from_o fall_v into_o the_o ditch_n c_o c._n the_o wall_n itself_o of_o ten_o foot_n thickness_n but_o how_o high_a not_o know_v d_o d._n a_o pave_a way_n close_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o wall_n five_o foot_n broad_a e_o e._n watchtower_n within_o a_o call_v one_o of_o another_o where_o sentinel_n keep_v watch_v day_n and_o night_n f_o f._n the_o wall_n of_o square_a stone_n go_v through_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o wall_n just_a against_o the_o tower_n g_o g._n a_o court_n of_o guard_n to_o lodge_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o soldier_n against_o all_o sudden_a alarm_n i_o i._n the_o body_n of_o the_o rampire_n with_o a_o outer-wall_n of_o cut_a stone_n high_a than_o the_o rampire_n to_o cover_v soldier_n k._n the_o void_a within_o for_o the_o soldier_n lodging_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v along_o the_o wall_n great_a and_o royal_a fort_n strong_o entrench_v though_o within_o the_o wall_n able_a to_o receive_v a_o whole_a army_n together_o for_o the_o wall_n be_v long_o and_o they_o not_o know_v where_o the_o enemy_n will_v make_v their_o attack_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o lodging_n shall_v be_v provide_v against_o all_o occasion_n in_o the_o fix_v whereof_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o look_v upon_o high_a ground_n as_o place_n that_o be_v well-watered_n but_o where_o these_o two_o concur_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v a_o fort_n there_o the_o fort_n which_o remain_v in_o mr._n timothy_n pont_n time_n who_o trace_v they_o all_o be_v these_o one_o at_o langtown_n a_o mile_n east_n of_o falkirk_n one_o just_a at_o the_o rovintree-burnhead_a one_o at_o wester-cowdon_a above_o helen_n chapel_n one_o at_o the_o croy-hill_n a_o very_a great_a one_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o barhill_n which_o have_v have_v large_a entrenching_n a_o fresh-spring_n and_o a_o well_o within_o it_o one_o at_o achindevy_n one_o at_o kirkintilloch_n or_o kaerpentalloch_n one_o at_o east-calder_n one_o at_o hiltoun_n of_o calder_n one_o at_o balmudy_n one_o at_o simerstone_n and_o over_o kilvin_n river_n and_o carestoun_n one_o at_o atermynie_n one_o at_o balcastle_n over_o against_o barhill_n one_o at_o kaellybe_n over_o against_o cry-hill_n one_o at_o the_o roch-hill_n over_o against_o the_o westerwood_n a_o large_a one_o at_o bankyir_n over_o against_o castle_n cary_n one_o at_o dumbass_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o ruin_n of_o that_o at_o bankyir_n there_o be_v find_v a_o large_a ironshovel_n or_o some_o instrument_n resemble_v it_o so_o weighty_a that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v lift_v by_o any_o man_n of_o this_o age_n at_o the_o same_o fort_n also_o be_v discover_v several_a sepulcher_n cover_v with_o large_a rough_a stone_n and_o at_o dun-chroc-chyr_a by_o mony-abroch_a there_o have_v be_v large_a building_n the_o length_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v 36_o scotch_a mile_n begin_v between_o the_o queens-ferry_n and_o abercorn_n it_o go_v along_o west_n by_o the_o grange_n and_o kineil_n to_o innereve_v so_o on_o to_o falkirk_n two_o mile_n west_n of_o which_o be_v the_o track_n of_o camelon_n from_o whence_o it_o go_v direct_o to_o the_o forest_n of_o cumernald_n where_o have_v be_v a_o great_a fort_n call_v castle-cary_n next_o it_o run_v to_o the_o great_a fort_n at_o the_o bamhill_n where_o have_v be_v find_v several_a stone_n some_o with_o picture_n grave_v upon_o they_o and_o some_o with_o inscription_n from_o thence_o it_o go_v to_o the_o peel_n of_o kirkintillo_n the_o great_a fort_n of_o all_o and_o so_o westward_o to_o dumbarton_n with_o a_o great_a ditch_n upon_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o wall_n all_o along_o it_o have_v also_o along_o it_o many_o square_a fortification_n in_o form_n of_o roman_a camp_n as_o to_o the_o inscription_n our_o learned_a author_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o some_o of_o they_o among_o those_o omit_v by_o he_o one_o be_v say_v to_o have_v upon_o it_o these_o word_n cohortis_fw-la hispanorum_fw-la tibicen_fw-la hic_fw-la iaceo_fw-la other_o have_v be_v likewise_o find_v in_o these_o part_n pointing_z out_o some_o of_o the_o force_n that_o quarter_v here_o but_o of_o these_o we_o shall_v hare_n occasion_n to_o speak_v at_o the_o end_n of_o sir_n robert_n sibbald_n description_n of_o thule_n the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n by_o rob_n t_o morden_n ireland_n and_o the_o british_a island_n the_o british_a ocean_n i_o have_v at_o last_o survey_v or_o rather_o glance_v over_o the_o whole_a island_n of_o britain_n namely_o those_o two_o flourish_a kingdom_n england_n and_o scotland_n since_o i_o must_v necessary_o cross_v the_o sea_n sea_n the_o briâ—â—sh_n sea_n before_o i_o can_v come_v at_o ireland_n or_o the_o other_o island_n i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v no_o great_a digression_n if_o i_o premise_v somewhat_o concern_v it_o that_o vast_a and_o wide_a ocean_n that_o surround_v britain_n on_o all_o side_n but_o the_o south_n ebb_n and_o flow_v with_o so_o strong_a a_o tide_n that_o pithoeus_n massiliensis_n report_v it_o to_o swell_v at_o least_o 80_o cubit_n high_o than_o the_o land_n st._n basil_n call_v it_o the_o great_a sea_n 3._o lib._n hexaâ—â—r_n c._n 3._o
the_o best_a market_n town_n in_o the_o island_n former_o call_v medena_n and_o novus_n burgus_n de_fw-fr meden_n i.e._n the_o new_a burrow_n of_o meden_n whence_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o it_o lie_v east_n and_o west_n be_v divide_v into_o east-meden_n and_o west-meden_n u_fw-la caeresbrok_n caeresâ—_n caeresâ—_n a_o old_a castle_n so_o call_v by_o a_o strange_a mangle_n of_o the_o name_n for_o whitgaresburg_n from_o one_o whitgar_n a_o saxon_a of_o who_o more_o hereafter_o and_o lie_v in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v late_o magnificent_o rebuilt_a by_o the_o governor_n to_o this_o castle_n belong_v very_o many_o knight_n fee_n and_o for_o antiquity_n it_o exceed_v all_o other_o in_o the_o island_n w_n brading_n another_o market-town_n newton_n and_o yarmouth_n mayor_n town_n that_o return_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n this_o yarmouth_n and_o sharpnore_n have_v their_o castle_n which_o with_o worsleys-tower_n defend_v the_o northwest_n shore_n opposite_a to_o it_o and_o not_o above_o two_o mile_n distant_a be_v hurst-castle_n hurst_n hurst_n situate_v on_o a_o little_a tongue_n of_o land_n in_o hamshire_n mary_n hamshire_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o monasticon_fw-la anglicanum_n that_o this_o quarre_n or_o more_o right_o quar_a be_v not_o for_o nun_n but_o for_o monk_n found_v by_o baldwin_n earl_n of_o devon_n and_o consecrate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n quarre_n where_o be_v found_v an._n dom._n 1132._o a_o nunnery_n godshill_n where_o j._n worsley_n erect_v a_o school_n for_o the_o education_n of_o youth_n westcow_n and_o eastcow_n which_o be_v now_o ruin_v be_v build_v at_o the_o entrance_n into_o newport_n by_o hen._n 8._o of_o which_o leland_n covae_fw-la fulmineae_fw-la dvae_fw-la coruscant_fw-la haec_fw-la casum_fw-la colit_fw-la ille_fw-la solis_fw-la ortum_fw-la vectam_fw-la quà _fw-la neoportus_n intrat_fw-la altam_fw-la the_o two_o great_a cow_n that_o in_o loud_a thunder_n roar_v this_o on_o the_o eastern_a that_o the_o western_a shore_n where_o newport_n enter_v stately_a wight_n on_o the_o north-east_n side_n stand_v sandham_n castle_n strengthen_v like_o the_o rest_n with_o great_a piece_n of_o cannon_n this_o island_n be_v as_o well_o fortify_v by_o nature_n as_o art_n for_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o continue_a ridge_n of_o rock_n some_o also_o lie_v under_o water_n all_o along_o before_o the_o island_n and_o be_v very_o incommodious_a to_o sailor_n but_o the_o most_o dangerous_a be_v the_o needle_n so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v very_o sharp_a and_o point_a the_o shingles_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n corner_n of_o the_o island_n as_o on_o the_o east-side_n the_o owers_n and_o the_o mixon_n and_o on_o the_o north-coast_n the_o bramble_n shelf_n which_o often_o deceive_v the_o mariner_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o place_n where_o a_o enemy_n may_v convenient_o land_n that_o according_a to_o the_o old_a custom_n be_v fence_v with_o stake_n fasten_v in_o the_o ground_n but_o for_o all_o this_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o fortify_v by_o its_o rock_n or_o castle_n as_o by_o its_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v natural_o very_o bold_a and_o courageous_a and_o by_o the_o daily_a diligence_n and_o care_n of_o the_o governor_n have_v the_o method_n of_o exercise_n so_o perfect_a that_o let_v the_o service_n they_o be_v put_v upon_o be_v what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v not_o new_a to_o they_o for_o they_o shoot_v at_o a_o mark_n admirable_o keep_v their_o rank_n march_v orderly_o if_o occasion_n require_v they_o can_v either_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o round_a stand_v at_o a_o distance_n one_o from_o another_o or_o come_v close_o up_o together_o they_o can_v endure_v long_a march_n and_o the_o fatigue_n of_o they_o in_o hot_a and_o dusty_a weather_n in_o short_a they_o be_v master_n of_o whatever_o be_v requisite_a for_o a_o soldier_n the_o island_n of_o itself_o can_v raise_v 4000_o such_o man_n in_o time_n of_o war_n beside_o there_o be_v 3000_o of_o the_o hamshire_n militia_n and_o 2000_o of_o the_o wiltshire_n appoint_v to_o be_v always_o ready_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o island_n and_o that_o they_o may_v with_o great_a ease_n repulse_v the_o enemy_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v divide_v into_o eleven_o part_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v its_o centoner_n as_o much_o as_o a_o centurion_n and_o it_o be_v vintons_n as_o much_o as_o the_o vicenarii_fw-la i.e._n leader_n of_o twenty_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o great_a piece_n of_o cannon_n the_o sentinel_n who_o keep_v watch_v on_o the_o high_a hill_n where_o the_o beacon_n stand_v and_o their_o post_n and_o courier_n by_o a_o obsolete_a name_n call_v hobler_n who_o be_v to_o give_v intelligence_n of_o all_o occurrence_n to_o the_o governor_n vespasian_n be_v the_o first_o who_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_n whilst_o he_o serve_v as_o a_o private_a officer_n under_o claudius_n 4._o â—he_v life_n 〈◊〉_d vespaâ—_n c._n 4._o for_o thus_o suetonius_n write_v of_o he_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o claudius_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o narcissus_n he_o be_v send_v lieutenant_n of_o a_o legion_n into_o germany_n thence_o remove_v into_o britain_n he_o fight_v 30_o pitch_a battle_n with_o that_o enemy_n subdue_v 2_o powerful_a nation_n take_v above_o 20_o town_n together_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n and_o all_o this_o partly_o under_o the_o command_n of_o aulus_n plautius_n a_o consular_a lieutenant_n partly_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n himself_o for_o which_o he_o be_v honour_v with_o triumphal_a ornament_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o with_o 2_o sacerdotal_a dignity_n it_o be_v at_o this_o island_n that_o alectus_n fleet_n when_o he_o have_v usurp_v the_o *_o government_n of_o britain_n â—â—rpâ—â—â—ra_fw-la â—â—rpâ—â—â—ra_fw-la lay_v wait_v for_o the_o roman_n come_v against_o they_o who_o yet_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o favourable_a mist_n sail_z d_o undiscovered_a by_o the_o enemy_n to_o shore_n and_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o ship_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o temptation_n to_o run_v away_o the_o first_o of_o the_o saxon_n that_o subdue_v it_o be_v cerdicus_fw-la and_o he_o give_v it_o to_o stuffa_o and_o whitgar_o dom._n dom._n who_o put_v the_o british_a inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n so_o that_o but_o few_o be_v leave_v in_o whitgaraburgh_n call_v so_o from_o he_o and_o now_o by_o contraction_n caresbrook_n after_o wolpher_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n subdue_v this_o island_n and_o give_v it_o together_o with_o the_o country_n of_o the_o meanvari_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4._o 〈◊〉_d to_o edelwalch_n king_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a when_o he_o stand_v godfather_n to_o he_o ceadwalla_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a after_o that_o edelwalch_n be_v kill_v and_o arvandus_n petty_a king_n of_o the_o island_n be_v make_v away_o join_v it_o to_o his_o own_o dominion_n and_o most_o cruel_o massacre_v very_o nigh_o all_o the_o native_n of_o the_o island_n he_o give_v to_o bishop_n wilfred_n who_o first_o instruct_v the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o christian_a religion_n 300_o hide_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o island_n for_o your_o better_a information_n take_v bede_n own_o word_n 4._o 〈◊〉_d l._n 4._o after_o that_o ceadwalla_n have_v get_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o gevissi_n he_o take_v also_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n which_o till_o then_o be_v whole_o give_v to_o idolatry_n and_o by_o a_o bloody_a massacre_n do_v endeavour_v quite_o to_o extirpate_v the_o native_a inhabitant_n and_o in_o their_o stead_n to_o people_n it_o with_o his_o own_o countryman_n oblige_v himself_o as_o they_o say_v by_o vow_n though_o he_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o become_v a_o christian_a that_o if_o he_o conquer_v the_o island_n he_o will_v devote_v the_o four_o part_n both_o of_o it_o and_o his_o whole_a spoil_n to_o god_n which_o he_o according_o do_v by_o give_v it_o to_o bishop_n wilfrid_n for_o the_o service_n of_o god_n for_o he_o be_v his_o countryman_n happen_v to_o be_v there_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o island_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o english_a to_o include_v 1200_o familiarum_fw-la 1200_o familiarum_fw-la hide_n whereupon_o 300_o of_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o bishop_n but_o he_o commit_v that_o part_n which_o he_o receive_v to_o one_o of_o his_o clerk_n by_o name_n bernwin_n who_o be_v his_o sister_n son_n give_v he_o a_o priest_n who_o name_n be_v hildila_n with_o order_n to_o baptize_v and_o preach_v the_o word_n of_o god_n to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v desirous_a of_o salvation_n where_o i_o think_v myself_o bind_v to_o observe_v that_o among_o the_o first_o fruit_n of_o those_o who_o be_v convert_v in_o that_o island_n 2_o young_a boy_n of_o the_o blood-royal_n brother_n to_o arvandus_n king_n of_o the_o island_n be_v by_o the_o special_a grace_n of_o god_n crown_v with_o martyrdom_n for_o when_o the_o enemy_n be_v ready_a to_o invade_v the_o isle_n these_o young_a
brother_n make_v their_o escape_n and_o get_v over_o to_o the_o next_o province_n 192._o jutarum_fw-la see_v p._n 192._o where_o come_v to_o a_o place_n that_o be_v call_v ad_fw-la lapidem_fw-la and_o think_v to_o secure_v themselves_o there_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o conquer_a prince_n they_o be_v betray_v and_o order_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n which_o come_v to_o the_o ear_n of_o a_o certain_a abbot_n and_o priest_n call_v cynbreth_n that_o at_o a_o small_a distance_n from_o thence_o have_v a_o monastery_n in_o a_o place_n call_v reodford_n i.e._n the_o ford_n of_o reed_n he_o come_v to_o the_o king_n who_o be_v then_o private_o in_o those_o part_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o his_o wound_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o desire_v of_o he_o that_o if_o those_o young_a brother_n must_v be_v kill_v he_o will_v please_v first_o to_o permit_v they_o to_o be_v baptize_v this_o request_n the_o king_n grant_v upon_o which_o the_o abbot_n have_v instruct_v they_o in_o the_o word_n of_o truth_n and_o wash_v they_o in_o the_o fountain_n of_o salvation_n make_v they_o certain_a of_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n and_o immediate_o after_o the_o executioner_n come_v to_o they_o they_o joyful_o submit_v to_o a_o temporal_a death_n as_o a_o sure_a and_o certain_a passage_n to_o eternal_a life_n and_o in_o this_o order_n after_o all_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n have_v receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n the_o isle_n of_o wight_n be_v also_o convert_v in_o which_o notwithstanding_o because_o of_o the_o misery_n of_o a_o foreign_a yoke_n no_o one_o have_v the_o dignity_n of_o a_o minister_n or_o bishop_n before_o daniel_n who_o be_v now_o bishop_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o the_o gevissi_n after_o this_o author_n say_v nothing_o of_o the_o island_n till_o the_o year_n 1066._o when_v tostius_fw-la brother_n to_o k._n harald_n with_o some_o pirate-ship_n from_o flanders_n out_o of_o ill_a will_n to_o his_o brother_n land_v here_o worcester_n florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o when_o he_o have_v compel_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o pay_v he_o a_o certain_a tribute_n sail_v off_o a_o few_o year_n after_o as_o i_o find_v in_o a_o ancient_a book_n belong_v to_o the_o priory_n of_o caeresbroke_n which_o be_v show_v i_o by_o robert_n glover_n somerset-herald_n that_o great_a oracle_n in_o genealogical_a antiquity_n as_o william_n the_o bastard_n conquer_v england_n so_o william_n fitz-osborne_n who_o be_v his_o marshal_n and_o earl_n of_o hereford_n conquer_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o be_v first_o lord_n of_o it_o a_o long_a time_n after_o which_o the_o french_a in_o the_o year_n 1377._o by_o surprise_v land_v and_o plunder_v the_o isle_n they_o make_v another_o unsuccessful_a attempt_n a._n d._n 1403._o be_v brave_o drive_v back_o as_o also_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 8._o when_o the_o french_a galley_n set_v fire_n to_o one_o or_o two_o 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as_o the_o engagement_n be_v real_o county_n real_o see_v that_o county_n in_o wiltshire_n so_o higden_n error_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o the_o monk_n of_o winchester_n saying_n that_o it_o be_v at_o elendune_n which_o be_v a_o manor_n belong_v to_o the_o priory_n of_o winchester_n new-forest_n new-forest_n do_v east_n of_o the_o river_n be_v new-forest_n wherein_o be_v 9_o walk_n and_o to_o every_o one_o a_o keeper_n it_o have_v two_o raunger_n a_o bow-bearer_n and_o a_o lord-warden_n which_o office_n as_o 6._o as_o itinerar_fw-it ms._n vol._n 6._o leland_n say_v former_o belong_v by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n but_o it_o be_v at_o present_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o bolton_n malwood-castle_n malwood-castle_n e_fw-la in_o this_o forest_n be_v the_o castle_n of_o malwood_n ms._n malwood_n aubr_n ms._n the_o area_n whereof_o contain_v a_o great_a many_o
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castle_n build_v in_o the_o most_o suspect_a place_n whereof_o there_o be_v here_o great_a plenty_n of_o remains_o indeed_o since_o the_o barbarian_n have_v throw_v down_o antoninus_n pius_n wall_n in_o scotland_n wide_o spoil_v this_o country_n and_o hadrian_n wall_n lie_v unheeded_a till_o severus_n time_n we_o may_v believe_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v in_o this_o place_n and_o hence_o the_o old_a itinerary_n that_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o antoninus_n begin_v here_o as_o a_o limit_v i._n at_o the_o further_a bound_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o addition_n of_o i_o à _fw-la vallo_fw-la be_v a_o gloss_n of_o the_o transcriber_n since_o bremenium_n lie_v fourteen_o mile_n northward_o from_o the_o wall_n unless_o we_o take_v it_o to_o be_v one_o of_o those_o field-station_n already_o mention_v to_o have_v be_v build_v beyond_o the_o wall_n in_o the_o enemy_n country_n to_o the_o south_n of_o old_a bremenium_n within_o five_o mile_n 1388._o battle_n of_o otterburn_n 1388._o lie_v otterburn_n where_o a_o stout_a engagement_n happen_v betwixt_o the_o scot_n and_o english_a victory_n three_o or_o four_o time_n change_v side_n and_o at_o last_o fix_v with_o the_o scot_n for_o henry_n percy_n for_o his_o youthful_a forwardness_n bynamed_a whot-spur_n who_o command_v the_o english_a be_v himself_o take_v prisoner_n and_o lose_v fifteen_o hundred_o of_o his_o man_n and_o william_n douglas_n the_o scotch_a general_n fall_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n so_o that_o never_o be_v there_o a_o great_a instance_n of_o the_o martial_a prowess_n of_o both_o nation_n h_o a_o little_a low_o the_o river_n rhead_n wash_v or_o rather_o have_v almost_o wash_v away_o another_o town_n of_o venerable_a antiquity_n now_o call_v risingham_n risingham_n risingham_n which_o in_o the_o old-english_a and_o high-dutch_a language_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o giants-town_n as_o risingberg_n in_o germany_n be_v giants-hill_n i_o there_o be_v here_o many_o remain_v of_o antiquity_n the_o inhabitant_n report_v that_o the_o placc_fw-la be_v long_o defend_v by_o the_o god_n magon_n against_o a_o certain_a soldan_n or_o pagan_a prince_n nor_o be_v the_o story_n whole_o groundless_a for_o that_o such_o a_o god_n be_v here_o worship_v appear_v from_o these_o two_o altar_n late_o take_v out_o of_o the_o river_n and_o thus_o inscribe_v posuit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d mogonâ—_n cadenoâ—_n &_o â—â—ini_fw-la doâ—â—ini_fw-la nostri_fw-la â—ugusti_fw-la m._n â—_o secundiâ—_n benefiâ—aâ—ius_n conâ—_n habiâ—ici_n priâ—â—_n tam_fw-la â—se_n &_o 〈◊〉_d posuit_fw-la deo_fw-la mogonti_n god_n et_fw-la n._n dn_n aug._n m._n g._n secundinus_n bf_n cos._n habita_n nci_fw-la primus_fw-la ta_n pro_fw-la see_fw-la et_fw-la svis_fw-la posvit_fw-la deo_fw-la mouno_n god_n inventus_n do_v v._n s._n from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o some_o guess_n may_v be_v make_v that_o the_o place_n be_v call_v habitancum_n and_o that_o he_o who_o erect_v it_o be_v pensioner_n to_o a_o consul_n and_o mayor_n of_o the_o town_n for_o that_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n â—rimas_fw-la â—rimas_fw-la town_n and_o fort_n be_v call_v primate_fw-la the_o codex_fw-la theodosii_fw-la will_v abundant_o teach_v we_o whether_o this_o god_n be_v the_o tutelar_a deity_n of_o the_o gadeni_n who_o ptolemy_n make_v next_o neighbour_n to_o the_o ottadini_n i_o be_o not_o yet_o able_a to_o determine_v let_v other_o inquire_v here_o be_v also_o find_v the_o follow_a inscription_n for_o which_o among_o other_o we_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o famous_a sir_n rob._n cotton_n of_o conington_n knight_n who_o very_o late_o see_v and_o copy_v they_o d._n m._n blescius_n diovicus_n filiae_fw-la svae_fw-la vix_fw-la sit_fw-la an._n i._o et_fw-la dies._fw-la xxi_o cvi_o praeest_fw-la m_o peregrinius_n super_fw-la trib_o coh_n i._o vang_z fecit_fw-la curante_fw-la jul._n paulo_n trib_o deae_fw-la ter_n tianae_n sa_n crum_fw-la ael_n timothea_n p._n v._n s._n ll._n m._n hercv_n li_n jul._n paullus_n t_o r_n i_o b._n v._o s._n aur._n antoni_fw-la ni_fw-fr pii_fw-la aug._n m_n messorius_n diligens_fw-la tribunus_n sacrum_fw-la as_o also_o what_o exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n in_o finery_n of_o the_o work_n a_o long_a table_n thus_o curious_o engrave_v and_o by_o the_o place_n the_o and_o yet_o our_o author_n place_n viniolana_n their_o station_n at_o winchester_n a_o great_a distance_n from_o hence_o why_o then_o shall_v another_o inscription_n find_v at_o rochester_n with_o a_o word_n in_o it_o that_o look_v like_o bremâ—nium_n so_o forcible_o prove_v that_o this_o be_v the_o old_a name_n of_o that_o place_n four_o cohort_n of_o the_o gallic_n troop_n dedicate_v to_o the_o sacred_a majesty_n of_o the_o emperor_n but_o to_o return_v a_o little_a lower_v rhead_n with_o several_a other_o brook_n that_o have_v join_v it_o run_v into_o tine_n and_o so_o far_o reach_v rhedesdale_n which_o as_o doomsday-book_n inform_v we_o the_o umfranvils_n hold_v in_o fee_n and_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o king_n for_o guard_v the_o dale_n from_o robber_n all_o over_o the_o waste_v waste_v waste_v as_o they_o call_v they_o as_o well_o as_o in_o gillesland_n you_o see_v as_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a nomads_n nomades_n nomades_n a_o martial_a sort_n of_o people_n that_o from_o april_n to_o august_n lie_v in_o little_a hurt_n which_o they_o call_v sheals_n heal_v heal_v and_o shealing_n hear_v and_o there_o disperse_v among_o their_o flock_n from_o hence_o north-tine_n pass_v by_o chipche_n chipcâ—â—â—_n chipcâ—â—â—_n a_o little_a fort_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o umfranvils_n then_o to_o the_o heron._n the_o hairuns_n new_a common_o call_v heron._n heron_n k_o and_o not_o far_o from_o the_o small_a castle_n of_o swinborn_n swinbâ—â—â—_n swinbâ—â—â—_n which_o give_v name_n to_o a_o family_n of_o note_n and_o be_v sometime_o part_n of_o the_o barony_n of_o william_n heron_n afterward_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o woderingtons_n and_o so_o come_v to_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v cross_v at_o collerford_n collerâ—â—â—â—_n collerâ—â—â—â—_n by_o a_o bridge_n of_o arch_n where_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o large_a fort_n of_o wallwick_n ciâ—urnâ—â—_n ciâ—urnâ—â—_n if_o cilurnum_n where_o the_o second_o wing_n of_o the_o astures_n lie_v in_o garrison_n be_v not_o here_o it_o be_v in_o the_o neighbourhood_n at_o scilcester_n in_o the_o wall_n â—reden_fw-mi â—â—ester_fw-mi â—reden_fw-mi where_o after_o sigga_n a_o nobleman_n have_v treacherous_o slay_v elfwald_n king_n of_o northumberland_n the_o religious_a build_v a_o church_n and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o cuthbert_n and_o oswald_n oswald_n oswald_n which_o last_o have_v so_o far_o outdo_v the_o other_o that_o the_o old_a name_n be_v quite_o lose_v the_o place_n be_v now_o call_v s._n oswald_n this_o oswald_n king_n of_o northumberland_z be_v ready_a to_o give_v battle_n to_o l_o cedwall_n the_o britain_n so_o bede_n call_v he_o who_o the_o british_a writer_n name_n caswallon_n king_n caswalâ—_n â—dwalla_o â—_o caswalâ—_n as_o it_o shall_v seem_v of_o cumberland_n erect_v a_o cross_n and_o humble_o on_o his_o knee_n beg_v of_o christ_n that_o he_o will_v afford_v his_o heavenly_a assistance_n to_o those_o that_o now_o call_v on_o his_o name_n and_o present_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n thus_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o army_n northumberland_n â—de_a l._n 3._o c_o 2._o rout_n the_o â—â—r_a 634._o â—ristianiâ—_n first_o proâ—â—ed_v in_o northumberland_n let_v we_o all_o on_o our_o knee_n beseech_v the_o almighty_a living_n and_o true_a god_n merciful_o to_o defend_v we_o from_o our_o proud_a and_o cruel_a enemy_n we_o do_v not_o find_v say_v bede_n that_o any_o banner_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n any_o church_n any_o altar_n be_v ever_o erect_v in_o this_o country_n before_o this_o new_a general_n follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o a_o devout_a faith_n and_o be_v to_o engage_v with_o a_o most_o inhuman_a enemy_n set_v up_o this_o standard_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n for_o after_o oswald_n have_v in_o this_o battle_n experience_v that_o effectual_a assistance_n of_o christ_n which_o he_o have_v pray_v for_o he_o immediate_o turn_v christian_n
and_o send_v for_o aidan_n a_o scotchman_n to_o instruct_v his_o people_n in_o the_o christian_a religion_n the_o place_n where_o the_o victory_n be_v obtain_v be_v afterward_o call_v heafenfeld_n haleâ—_n â—â—fâ—nfeld_v â—_o haleâ—_n or_o heaven_n field_n which_o now_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o be_v name_v haledon_n whereon_o oswald_n life_n give_v we_o the_o follow_a piece_n of_o meter_n tunc_fw-la primùm_fw-la scivit_fw-la causam_fw-la cur_n nomen_fw-la haberet_fw-la heafenfeld_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la campus_n &_o illi_fw-la nomen_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la dedit_fw-la appellatio_fw-la gentis_fw-la praeteritae_fw-la tanquam_fw-la belli_fw-la praesaga_fw-la futuri_fw-la nominis_fw-la &_o caussam_fw-la mox_fw-la assignavit_fw-la ibidem_fw-la coelitùs_fw-la expugnans_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la turba_fw-la scelestam_fw-la neve_n senectutis_fw-la ignavia_fw-la posset_n honorem_fw-la tam_fw-la celebris_fw-la delere_fw-la loci_fw-la tantique_fw-la triumphi_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la fratres_n haugustaldensis_fw-la adesse_fw-la devoti_n christúmque_fw-la solent_fw-la celebrare_fw-la quotannis_fw-la quóque_fw-la loci_fw-la persestat_fw-la honos_fw-la in_fw-la honore_fw-la beati_fw-la oswaldi_n regis_fw-la ibi_fw-la construxere_fw-la capellam_fw-la and_o now_o he_o understand_v whence_o heavenfeld_n come_v call_v in_o old_a time_n by_o that_o prophetic_a name_n for_o now_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n be_v give_v when_o hell_n be_v vile_a troop_n be_v overcome_v by_o heaven_n but_o least_o devour_a age_n shall_v deface_v the_o glorious_a triumph_n of_o the_o sacred_a place_n the_o monk_n of_o old_a hagustald_v every_o year_n do_v meet_v and_o join_v in_o their_o devotion_n here_o and_o that_o great_a oswald_n fame_n shall_v never_o die_v they_o have_v raise_v a_o chapel_n to_o his_o memory_n and_o another_o for_o his_o commendation_n well_o enough_o for_o the_o barbarous_a age_n he_o live_v in_o write_v thus_o quis_fw-la fuit_fw-la alcides_n quis_fw-la caesar_n julius_n aut_fw-la quis_fw-la magnus_fw-la alexander_n alcides_n se_fw-la superâsse_fw-la fertur_fw-la alexander_n mundum_fw-la sed_fw-la julius_n hostem_fw-la se_fw-la simul_fw-la oswaldus_n &_o mundum_fw-la vicit_fw-la &_o hostem_fw-la m_o caesar_n and_o hercules_n applaud_v thy_o fame_n and_o alexander_n own_v thy_o great_a name_n though_o one_o himself_o one_o foe_n and_o one_o the_o world_n o'ercome_a great_a conquest_n all_o but_o bounteous_a heaven_n in_o thou_o to_o make_v a_o great_a join_v the_o former_a three_o below_o s._n oswald_n both_o tines_n meet_v after_o south-tine_n which_o go_v along_o with_o the_o wall_n at_o about_o two_o mile_n distance_n from_o it_o have_v pass_v by_o langley-castle_n where_o former_o neâ—_n 〈◊〉_d neâ—_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n adam_n de_fw-fr tindale_n have_v his_o barony_n which_o afterward_o descend_v upon_o nicholas_n de_fw-fr bolteby_n and_o be_v late_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o percy_n and_o have_v slide_v under_o a_o totter_a and_o crazy_a wooden_a bridge_n at_o aidon_n and_o now_o the_o whole_a tine_n be_v well_o grow_v and_o still_o increase_a press_v foward_n in_o one_o channel_n for_o the_o ocean_n run_v by_o hexam_n hexam_n hexam_n which_o bede_n call_v haugustald_v and_o the_o saxon_n hextoldesham_n that_o this_o be_v the_o axelodunum_n axelâ—dunum_n axelâ—dunum_n of_o the_o roman_n where_o the_o first_o cohort_n of_o the_o spaniard_n be_v in_o garrison_n the_o name_n imply_v and_o so_o do_v its_o situation_n on_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o hill_n for_o the_o britain_n call_v such_o a_o mount_n dunum_n dunum_n dunum_n but_o take_v a_o account_n of_o this_o place_n from_o richard_n its_o prior_n who_o live_v above_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o n_o not_o far_o from_o the_o southern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n tine_n stand_v a_o town_n of_o a_o small_a extent_n indeed_o at_o present_a and_o but_o thin_o inhabit_v but_o as_o the_o remain_a mark_n of_o its_o ancient_a state_n will_v testify_v heretofore_o very_o large_a and_o magnificent_a this_o place_n be_v call_v hextoldesham_n from_o the_o little_a rivulet_n of_o hextold_v which_o run_v by_o and_o sometime_o sudden_o overflow_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 675._o etheldreda_n wife_n to_o king_n egfrid_n assign_v it_o for_o a_o episcopal_n see_v to_o s._n wilfrid_n who_o build_v here_o a_o church_n which_o for_o a_o curious_a and_o most_o beautiful_a fabric_n surpass_v all_o the_o monastery_n in_o england_n see_v also_o what_o malmesbury_n have_v write_v of_o it_o this_o be_v crown-land_n till_o bishop_n wilfrid_n change_v other_o for_o it_o with_o queen_n etheldreda_n it_o be_v wonderful_a to_o see_v what_o tower_a building_n be_v there_o erect_v how_o admirable_o contrive_v with_o wind_a stair_n by_o mason_n bring_v in_o prospect_n of_o his_o great_a liberality_n from_o rome_n insomuch_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o vie_v with_o the_o roman_a pomp_n and_o long_a out-struggled_n even_o time_n itself_o at_o which_o time_n king_n egfrid_n make_v this_o little_a city_n a_o bishop_n seat_n but_o that_o honour_n after_o the_o he_o the_o there_o be_v twelve_o several_a bishop_n of_o hexham_n beside_o s._n cuthbert_n who_o may_v brobable_o be_v reckon_v for_o a_o thirteen_o for_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v both_o elect_v and_o consecrate_v to_o â—hat_n see_v though_o he_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v the_o charge_n upon_o he_o eight_o bishop_n be_v whole_o lose_v the_o danish_a war_n prevail_v afterward_o it_o be_v only_o reckon_v a_o manor_n of_o the_o archbishops_n of_o york_n till_o they_o part_v with_o their_o right_n in_o a_o exchange_n make_v with_o henry_n the_o eight_o it_o be_v also_o famous_a for_o the_o bloody_a battle_n wherein_o john_n nevil_n lord_n montacute_n very_o brave_o engage_v and_o as_o fortunate_o vanquish_v the_o general_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n and_o for_o so_o do_v be_v create_v earl_n of_o northumberland_n by_o edward_n the_o four_o at_o present_a its_o only_a glory_n be_v the_o old_a monastery_n part_v whereof_o be_v turn_v into_o the_o fair_a house_n of_o baronet_n of_o it_o be_v since_o part_v of_o the_o estate_n of_o sir_n john_n fenwick_n who_o sell_v it_o to_o sir_n william_n blacket_n of_o newcastle_n baronet_n sir_n j._n foster_n knight_n the_o west-end_n of_o the_o church_n be_v demolish_v the_o rest_n stand_v still_o entire_a and_o be_v a_o very_a stately_a structure_n in_o the_o choir_n whereof_o may_v be_v see_v a_o old_a tomb_n of_o a_o person_n of_o honour_n of_o the_o martial_a family_n of_o the_o umfranvils_n legged_a man_n bury_v across_o legged_a as_o his_o coat_n of_o arm_n witness_n lie_v with_o his_o leg_n across_o by_o the_o way_n in_o that_o posture_n it_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o bury_v such_o only_a as_o have_v take_v the_o cross_n upon_o they_o be_v under_o that_o banner_n engage_v in_o the_o holy_a war_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy-land_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o mahometan_n near_o the_o east-end_n of_o the_o church_n on_o a_o rise_a brow_n stand_v two_o strong_a bulwark_n of_o hew'n-stone_n which_o i_o be_v tell_v belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n from_o hence_o eastward_o we_o pass_v on_o to_o dilston_n dilston_n dilston_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o ratcliff_n call_v in_o old_a book_n devilston_n from_o a_o small_a brook_n which_o here_o empty_v itself_o into_o tine_n and_o which_o bede_n name_v devil_n bourn_n where_o as_o he_o write_v oswald_n arm_v with_o christian_a faith_n in_o a_o fair_a field_n slay_v cedwall_n the_o britain_n 1_o bede_n l_o 3._o c._n 1_o that_o wretched_a tyrant_n who_o before_o have_v slay_v two_o king_n of_o northumberland_n and_o miserable_o waste_v their_o country_n o_fw-fr on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o tine_n stand_v curia_fw-la ottadinorum_fw-la mention_v by_o ptolemy_n curia_n ninius_n call_v it_o curia_n which_o by_o the_o distance_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v antonine_n comment_n antonine_n read_v corstopilum_n for_o so_o say_v h._n surita_n edition_n both_o in_o the_o text_n and_o comment_n corstopitum_fw-la it_o be_v now_o call_v corbridge_n corbridge_n corbridge_n from_o the_o bridge_n here_o build_v by_o hoveden_n corobrige_n and_o by_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n cure_n at_o this_o day_n it_o have_v nothing_o remarkable_a but_o a_o church_n and_o a_o little_a tower-house_n build_v and_o inhabit_v by_o the_o vicar_n of_o the_o place_n yet_o there_o be_v many_o ruin_n of_o ancient_a building_n tacitus_n treasure_n seek_v in_o vain_a hoveden_n tacitus_n among_o which_o king_n john_n search_v for_o some_o old_a hide_a treasure_n but_o fortune_n favour_v he_o no_o more_o in_o this_o vain_a quest_n than_o she_o do_v nero_n in_o his_o inquiry_n after_o the_o conceal_a riches_n of_o dido_n at_o carthage_n for_o he_o find_v nothing_o but_o stone_n mark_v with_o brass_n iron_n lead_v p_o whoever_o view_v the_o neighbour_a heap_n of_o rubbish_n which_o be_v now_o call_v colecester_n colecester_n colecester_n will_v ready_o conclude_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o roman_a fort._n upon_o the_o same_o bank_n we_o see_v the_o fair_a castle_n of_o biwell_n