Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	advantage_n	army_n	place_n	1,086	5	4.0319	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61366	Britannia antiqua illustrata, or, The antiquities of ancient Britain derived from the Phœenicians, wherein the original trade of this island is discovered, the names of places, offices, dignities, as likewise the idolatry, language and customs of the p by Aylett Sammes ...	Sammes, Aylett, 1636?-1679?	1676 (1676)	Wing S535; ESTC R19100	692,922	602

building_n as_o fast_o as_o he_o can_v and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n set_v himself_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o his_o shatter_v vessel_n and_o although_o it_o seem_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o be_v undertake_v yet_o he_o think_v most_o convenient_a to_o draw_v his_o ship_n into_o the_o camp_n and_o encompass_v they_o within_o the_o same_o trench_n in_o these_o affair_n he_o spend_v ten_o day_n give_v no_o respite_n to_o his_o soldier_n either_o day_n or_o night_n until_o he_o have_v draw_v they_o all_o within_o the_o work_n and_o strong_o secure_v they_o with_o ditch_n and_o rampire_n have_v thus_o make_v every_o thing_n sure_a and_o leave_v the_o same_o guard_n upon_o they_o as_o before_o he_o return_v to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o have_v drive_v the_o britain_n where_o he_o find_v far_o great_a number_n reassembled_a the_o britain_n in_o a_o general_n council_n of_o all_o the_o state_n invest_v cassibelan_n with_o the_o full_a power_n and_o management_n of_o the_o whole_a war_n his_o territory_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o thames_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o the_o province_n of_o kent_n and_o surry_n and_o it_o extend_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n before_o the_o arrival_n of_o caesar_n he_o be_v in_o continual_a war_n with_o the_o neighbour_a city_n but_o in_o the_o common_a danger_n of_o foreign_a invasion_n they_o unanimous_o choose_v he_o for_o his_o right_a experience_n in_o martial_a affair_n to_o be_v their_o leader_n have_v gather_v great_a force_n together_o the_o first_o thing_n he_o undertake_v be_v to_o oppose_v the_o licentious_a march_n of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o cut_v they_o off_o to_o this_o end_n with_o his_o horse_n and_o chariot_n he_o give_v they_o a_o sharp_a charge_n but_o find_v himself_o overmatched_a he_o retreat_v to_o the_o wood_n and_o hill_n give_v liberty_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o pursue_v who_o too_o eager_o follow_v in_o the_o chase_n be_v many_o of_o they_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o britain_n who_o sometime_o rally_v and_o sometime_o come_v out_o in_o fresh_a party_n against_o they_o after_o this_o the_o britain_n for_o some_o time_n do_v not_o appear_v but_o lay_v secret_o hide_v in_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o wood_n insomuch_o that_o the_o roman_n not_o suspect_v any_o enemy_n lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o entrench_v and_o fortify_v their_o camp_n whilst_o they_o be_v in_o this_o general_n security_n every_o man_n employ_v in_o his_o particular_a work_n the_o britain_n of_o a_o sudden_a brake_n out_o of_o their_o covert_n and_o furious_o assault_v a_o inconsiderable_a body_n that_o keep_v guard_n before_o the_o trench_n here_o be_v some_o execution_n make_v and_o when_o caesar_n take_v the_o alarm_n he_o send_v two_o of_o the_o principal_a and_o choice_a cohort_n draw_v out_o of_o two_o legion_n to_o rescue_v they_o but_o they_o be_v terrify_v with_o the_o novelty_n and_o fierceness_n of_o the_o fight_n stand_v like_o man_n in_o a_o maze_n have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o join_v party_n insomuch_o that_o the_o britain_n perceive_v a_o gap_n betwixt_o they_o break_v through_o and_o so_o return_v in_o safety_n to_o their_o main_a body_n in_o this_o day_n engagement_n q._n laberius_n durus_n a_o tribune_n be_v slay_v on_o the_o roman_a side_n in_o this_o sort_n of_o skirmish_v lie_v the_o especial_a advantage_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o caesar_n himself_o confess_v who_o in_o this_o engagement_n stand_v as_o spectator_n only_o that_o the_o roman_a way_n both_o of_o arm_v and_o fight_v be_v not_o so_o well_o fit_v to_o this_o kind_n of_o enemy_n for_o the_o heavy_a armour_n of_o the_o legionary_n suffer_v they_o not_o to_o be_v quick_a in_o follow_v the_o sudden_a flight_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o it_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o discipline_n to_o stir_v from_o their_o ensign_n as_o for_o the_o horse_n they_o never_o engage_v without_o manifest_a disadvantage_n for_o the_o britain_n out_o of_o design_n will_v often_o give_v back_o and_o when_o they_o have_v draw_v they_o off_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o legons_n will_v turn_v upon_o they_o and_o jump_v from_o their_o chariot_n assault_v they_o on_o foot_n so_o that_o it_o be_v equal_o hazardous_a to_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n whether_o they_o give_v back_o or_o advance_v beside_o the_o britain_n never_o fight_v thick_a but_o scatter_v and_o in_o great_a distance_n have_v set_v station_n allot_v to_o which_o upon_o occasion_n they_o retire_v and_o from_o whence_o relief_n be_v send_v of_o fresh_a party_n to_o bring_v off_o the_o weary_a these_o advantage_n at_o first_o be_v wise_o make_v use_n of_o by_o cassibelan_n and_o it_o argue_v his_o great_a experience_n in_o war_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o heavy_a legion_n be_v weary_v and_o soil_v their_o spirit_n spend_v upon_o a_o unstable_a and_o dodge_v enemy_n their_o courage_n turn_v into_o vexation_n to_o be_v master_v by_o those_o who_o they_o be_v sure_o they_o can_v overcome_v in_o the_o grapple_v and_o have_v cassibelan_n stand_v steady_a to_o his_o resolution_n and_o not_o suffer_v the_o greatness_n of_o his_o spirit_n to_o consult_v more_o with_o his_o honour_n than_o interest_n the_o roman_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v be_v oblige_v either_o to_o quit_v the_o country_n or_o by_o fling_v off_o their_o armour_n to_o conform_v to_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o fight_v next_o day_n the_o britain_n keep_v the_o hill_n some_o distance_n from_o the_o camp_n and_o all_o the_o morning_n show_v themselves_o in_o small_a party_n now_o proffer_v battle_n now_o retire_v then_o in_o light_a skirmish_n engage_v then_o present_o again_o retreat_v not_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o engage_v too_o deep_o with_o the_o roman_a cava'ry_n at_o noon_n caesar_n send_v out_o three_o legion_n and_o all_o his_o horse_n under_o pretence_n of_o forage_v but_o withal_o command_v that_o the_o foot_n shall_v not_o go_v far_o from_o their_o ensign_n and_o that_o the_o horse_n shall_v keep_v up_o close_o with_o they_o the_o eritains_n who_o expect_v not_o such_o order_n in_o forager_n as_o their_o custom_n be_v with_o great_a fury_n fly_v upon_o they_o but_o be_v mighty_o deceive_v in_o their_o expectation_n for_o the_o roman_n stand_v ready_a to_o receive_v they_o the_o britain_n perceive_v their_o mistake_n sudden_o recoil_v but_o it_o prove_v too_o late_o for_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n second_v by_o their_o foot_n who_o keep_v up_o with_o they_o so_o close_o pursue_v that_o the_o britain_n have_v not_o leisure_n to_o rally_v to_o stand_v or_o come_v down_o from_o their_o chariot_n but_o be_v in_o great_a confusion_n many_o of_o they_o slay_v and_o the_o rest_n general_o rout_v after_o this_o overthrow_n cassibelan_n enter_v upon_o new_a counsel_n and_o resolve_v in_o a_o manner_n to_o change_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o the_o war_n he_o perceive_v there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v attempt_v upon_o the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o roman_n wherefore_o he_o signify_v his_o resolution_n never_o after_o to_o put_v his_o affair_n into_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o pitch_a battle_n and_o disband_v many_o auxiliary_a force_n that_o from_o all_o part_n have_v be_v send_v unto_o he_o with_o the_o choice_a of_o his_o man_n and_o four_o thousand_o wagon_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o attend_v caesar_n in_o his_o march_n judge_v these_o a_o sufficient_a number_n to_o hinder_v the_o licentious_a incursion_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o by_o the_o advantage_n he_o have_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n he_o know_v he_o be_v secure_a from_o be_v force_v to_o flight_n caesar_n understand_v his_o design_n draw_v his_o army_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o thames_n a_o river_n fordable_a only_o at_o one_o place_n and_o that_o with_o great_a difficulty_n about_o coway_n near_o oatland_n as_o be_v suppose_v arrive_v hither_o he_o perceive_v the_o enemy_n in_o great_a number_n draw_v up_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o oppose_v his_o passage_n if_o he_o shall_v attempt_v it_o the_o bank_n be_v all_o set_v with_o pile_n of_o wood_n sharpen_v at_o the_o end_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o palisadoe_n and_o the_o ford_n as_o he_o learn_v from_o the_o captive_n and_o runagate_n knock_v full_a of_o sharp_a stake_n lie_v hide_v under_o water_n this_o excellent_a design_n of_o cassibelan_n be_v treacherous_o discover_v have_v not_o the_o hoped-for_a success_n for_o the_o roman_n with_o great_a care_n and_o circumspection_n enter_v the_o river_n the_o horse_n first_o and_o afterward_o the_o foot_n wade_v up_o to_o the_o neck_n in_o water_n the_o britain_n who_o expect_v they_o to_o fall_v into_o disorder_n and_o confusion_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o advantage_n perceive_v they_o to_o avoid_v the_o stake_n and_o to_o pass_v they_o without_o any_o annoyance_n

where_o by_o piece-meal_n he_o be_v tear_v asunder_o his_o miserable_a death_n move_v compassion_n only_o in_o some_o and_o such_o who_o have_v be_v the_o great_a hater_n of_o his_o life_n and_o memory_n vespatianus_n in_o all_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o vitellius_n and_o vespasian_n 72._o no_o quarrel_n or_o mutiny_n arise_v in_o the_o british_a army_n and_o in_o the_o war_n of_o otho_n and_o vitellius_n although_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o trebellius_n and_o faction_n of_o caelius_n some_o difference_n happeend_n yet_o come_v it_o never_o to_o blood_n shed_v and_o general_o no_o legion_n behave_v themselves_o more_o harmless_a possible_o because_o they_o be_v so_o far_o off_o and_o separate_v by_o the_o ocean_n or_o for_o that_o they_o have_v learn_v by_o continual_a service_n and_o warfaring_a to_o hate_v all_o hostility_n when_o vespasian_n declare_v for_o the_o empire_n his_o great_a favour_n and_o reputation_n in_o arm_n easy_o win_v the_o island_n to_o he_o he_o have_v serve_v from_o a_o youth_n in_o the_o british_a war_n and_o be_v lieutenant_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n under_o claudius_n have_v fight_v many_o battle_n and_o win_v many_o town_n from_o the_o britain_n so_o that_o the_o fourteen_o legion_n call_v the_o subduer_n of_o britain_n go_v actual_o into_o his_o service_n and_o although_o in_o the_o other_o legion_n there_o be_v some_o centurion_n and_o soldier_n who_o have_v be_v advance_v by_o vitellius_n and_o be_v loath_a to_o change_v the_o prince_n they_o have_v prove_v yet_o be_v they_o also_o at_o last_o bring_v to_o his_o party_n for_o when_o mutianus_n vespasian_n then_o govern_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n have_v make_v agricola_n a_o man_n of_o great_a integrity_n and_o faithful_a to_o their_o party_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o twenty_o legion_n in_o britain_n this_o legion_n be_v slow_a in_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o vespasian_n through_o the_o sedition_n of_o their_o former_a legate_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v grow_v stubborn_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v rule_v even_o by_o the_o consular_a lieutenant_n be_v choose_v into_o his_o command_n to_o succeed_v and_o revenge_n he_o show_v a_o example_n of_o most_o rare_a moderation_n in_o choose_v to_o be_v think_v rather_o to_o have_v find_v they_o than_o to_o have_v make_v they_o dutiful_a soldier_n and_o although_o vectius_n bolanus_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o britain_n for_o the_o time_n be_v govern_v in_o a_o more_o remiss_a and_o mild_a manner_n than_o be_v expedient_a for_o so_o fierce_a a_o province_n yet_o agricola_n be_v place_v under_o he_o wise_o conform_v himself_o to_o that_o humour_n have_v learn_v to_o discern_v what_o be_v convenient_a as_o well_o as_o know_v what_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o which_o mean_n he_o temper_v the_o heat_n of_o his_o spirit_n which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v grow_v too_o violent_a upon_o he_o but_o when_o vespasian_n have_v absolute_o in_o his_o possession_n the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n and_o with_o it_o britain_n also_o now_o it_o be_v we_o hear_v of_o great_a captain_n brave_a soldier_n and_o agr._n the_o hope_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o small_a for_o speedy_o petilius_n crealis_n be_v send_v in_o the_o room_n of_o bolanus_n strike_v a_o terror_n into_o they_o he_o invade_v the_o state_n of_o the_o brigantes_n a_o nation_n esteem_v most_o populous_a of_o all_o the_o province_n fight_v many_o battle_n with_o they_o and_o some_o not_o without_o great_a bloodshed_n for_o venutius_n prince_n of_o the_o brigantes_n who_o as_o he_o hear_v before_o be_v incense_v with_o the_o roman_n for_o their_o protection_n of_o cartismandua_n watch_v his_o opportunity_n of_o revenge_n when_o the_o civil_a war_n break_v out_o make_v use_v of_o that_o advantage_n and_o fall_v upon_o they_o sometime_o the_o victory_n be_v on_o one_o side_n sometime_o on_o the_o other_o but_o he_o hold_v they_o tack_n to_o the_o last_o remain_v to_o the_o end_n unvanquished_a neither_o can_v crealis_n touch_v some_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o although_o he_o have_v a_o few_o little_a victory_n yet_o he_o have_v always_o enough_o of_o war._n to_o he_o succeed_v julius_n frontinus_n who_o follow_v so_o great_a a_o man_n as_o crealis_n have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o keep_v up_o his_o reputation_n but_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o predecessor_n can_v not_o cloud_v the_o worth_n of_o his_o action_n by_o source_n of_o arm_n he_o subdue_v the_o stout_a and_o warlike_a nation_n of_o the_o silures_n which_o be_v more_o honourable_a to_o he_o in_o that_o he_o have_v to_o struggle_v with_o the_o difficulty_n of_o ground_n as_o well_o as_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o this_o condition_n be_v affair_n in_o britain_n at_o the_o arrival_n of_o julius_n agricola_n send_v hither_o in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o vespasian_n he_o be_v train_v up_o from_o his_o youth_n in_o the_o british_a war_n and_o with_o his_o victory_n extend_v the_o roman_a pale_a beyond_o all_o his_o predecessor_n his_o come_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o the_o soldier_n as_o if_o that_o year_n work_v have_v be_v over_o begin_v to_o be_v negligent_a and_o remiss_a and_o the_o britain_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n too_o watchful_a for_o advantage_n the_o ordovices_n already_o to_o welcome_v the_o new_a general_n have_v late_o cut_v in_o piece_n a_o squadron_n of_o horse_n quarter_v in_o their_o country_n few_o escape_v and_o they_o who_o be_v eager_a for_o war_n approve_v the_o example_n and_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o lead_a card_n while_o other_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o expect_v and_o try_v first_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o new_a lieutenant_n then_o agricola_n although_o the_o summer_n be_v spend_v the_o soldier_n disperse_v in_o their_o quarter_n and_o all_o presume_a upon_o ease_n and_o rest_n for_o that_o year_n though_o he_o know_v there_o will_v be_v much_o difficulty_n in_o draw_v they_o out_o to_o a_o winter_n expedition_n and_o his_o officer_n dissuade_v he_o from_o it_o yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o resolve_v to_o meet_v the_o danger_n and_o gather_v together_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a legionary_a soldier_n and_o with_o a_o small_a handful_n of_o auxiliary_n march_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o ordovices_n he_o find_v they_o draw_v up_o in_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n resolve_v not_o to_o quit_v their_o ground_n which_o perceive_v he_o advance_v to_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n and_o himself_o lead_v they_o on_o the_o soldier_n perceive_v their_o general_n in_o equal_a danger_n followed_z and_o by_o degree_n ascend_v to_o the_o enemy_n where_o they_o make_v such_o slaughter_n that_o almost_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o ordoutce_n perish_v at_o once_o agricola_n follow_v this_o success_n vigorous_o and_o suffer_v not_o the_o fame_n of_o this_o action_n to_o cool_v by_o after_o remissness_n well_o know_v that_o his_o first_o achievement_n will_v be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o his_o future_a success_n he_o resolve_v therefore_o to_o subdue_v the_o isle_n of_o mona_n from_o the_o possession_n whereof_o paulinus_n be_v recall_v by_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o britain_n want_v ship_n which_o upon_o so_o sudden_a a_o resolution_n can_v not_o be_v get_v ready_a he_o use_v policy_n in_o transport_v his_o man_n and_o he_o command_v they_o to_o lay_v down_o their_o luggage_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o auxiliary_n who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o passage_n and_o who_o country_n use_n have_v teach_v they_o at_o once_o to_o swim_v govern_v their_o horse_n and_o fight_v he_o order_v they_o to_o take_v the_o water_n and_o assault_v the_o enemy_n the_o britain_n who_o never_o dream_v of_o so_o near_o a_o danger_n but_o expect_v fleet_n and_o ship_n to_o attack_v they_o perceive_v the_o roman_n get_v over_o cry_v out_o for_o peace_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o island_n esteem_v nothing_o impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o who_o can_v fight_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o water_n this_o sudden_a success_n get_v great_a fame_n to_o agricola_n especial_o in_o that_o he_o employ_v the_o time_n of_o his_o entrance_n in_o labour_n and_o war_n which_o by_o other_o governor_n be_v spend_v of_o course_n in_o compliment_n and_o congratulation_n for_o their_o arrival_n neither_o be_v he_o puff_v up_o with_o vain_a conceit_n by_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o success_n he_o call_v it_o not_o a_o victory_n or_o expedition_n but_o be_v content_a only_o to_o say_v that_o he_o have_v reduce_v those_o to_o their_o obedience_n who_o before_o have_v be_v conquer_a neither_o do_v he_o bedeck_v with_o laurel_n his_o letter_n of_o advice_n to_o rome_n which_o moderation_n of_o he_o in_o dissemble_v his_o victory_n increase_v his_o honour_n all_o people_n admire_v upon_o what_o hope_n of_o future_a achievement_n he_o can_v be_v silent_a of_o such_o great_a thing_n he_o have_v already_o perform_v have_v thus_o try_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o next_o

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and_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o just_a revenge_n and_o that_o one_o legion_n which_o adventure_v to_o fight_v be_v cut_v off_o the_o rest_n that_o remain_v either_o hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o camp_n or_o be_v think_v already_o of_o a_o escape_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o shout_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o much_o less_o their_o force_n and_o impression_n and_o if_o they_o with_o she_o consider_v their_o advantage_n of_o number_n and_o their_o cause_n they_o shall_v strive_v to_o overcome_v or_o die_v this_o she_o a_o woman_n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o man_n if_o they_o please_v may_v live_v and_o be_v slave_n dio_fw-mi cassius_z place_n she_o upon_o a_o heap_n of_o turf_n with_o a_o spear_n in_o her_o hand_n and_o a_o 〈◊〉_d hare_n in_o her_o bosom_n which_o after_o a_o long_a oration_n have_v before_o hand_n say_v something_o to_o introduce_v it_o she_o let_v loose_a as_o a_o signification_n of_o good_a omen_n to_o her_o army_n neither_o be_v suetonius_n in_o so_o great_a a_o extremity_n silent_a and_o although_o he_o rely_v much_o upon_o the_o courage_n of_o his_o soldier_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o not_o unnecessary_a in_o a_o business_n wherein_o will_v be_v decide_v the_o whole_a controversy_n of_o britain_n to_o descend_v even_o to_o prayer_n and_o entreaty_n he_o desire_v they_o therefore_o to_o despise_v the_o vain_a and_o empty_a noise_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o to_o consider_v that_o in_o their_o camp_n be_v more_o woman_n to_o be_v see_v than_o man_n that_o weak_a and_o unarmed_a they_o will_v soon_o yield_v when_o they_o come_v to_o contest_v with_o roman_a valour_n which_o have_v often_o overcome_v they_o that_o in_o great_a army_n and_o where_o there_o be_v many_o legion_n the_o stress_n of_o the_o battle_n always_o lie_v upon_o a_o few_o and_o that_o it_o

and_o his_o transaction_n in_o britain_n his_o life_n and_o death_n helvius_n pertinax_n after_o commodus_n be_v slay_v pertinax_n be_v in_o the_o 1941_o night_n by_o laetus_n salute_v emperor_n a_o age_a commander_n and_o who_o partly_o by_o live_v long_o and_o partly_o by_o worthy_a action_n in_o the_o war_n among_o which_o the_o british_a be_v the_o chief_a have_v wear_v out_o the_o memory_n of_o his_o mean_a and_o servile_a birth_n after_o his_o admission_n to_o the_o empire_n the_o senate_n make_v address_n to_o he_o that_o he_o will_v admit_v of_o albinus_n to_o be_v his_o associate_n in_o the_o empire_n this_o albinus_n as_o have_v be_v show_v before_o have_v infinite_o oblige_v the_o state_n when_o he_o be_v lieutenant_n in_o britain_n by_o make_v a_o oration_n capitol_n against_o monarchy_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o so_o exceed_a affection_n towards_o he_o at_o this_o time_n but_o pertinax_n who_o in_o his_o youth_n have_v learn_v that_o two_o of_o a_o trade_n 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a_o considerable_a kingdom_n moreover_o he_o look_v upon_o this_o mountain_n as_o the_o fit_a place_n for_o defence_n if_o any_o enemy_n shall_v dare_v to_o oppose_v he_o and_o a_o place_n very_o inconvenient_a for_o the_o approach_n and_o assault_n of_o all_o besieger_n nevertheless_o secure_v it_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o wall_n but_o lest_o the_o three_o adjoin_a mountain_n viz._n capitoline_n coelian_a and_o quirinal_n may_v rather_o serve_v as_o they_o lie_v then_o for_o fort_n and_o bulwark_n from_o whence_o the_o enemy_n may_v storm_v and_o molest_v his_o new_a city_n he_o fortify_v they_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o wall_n also_o and_o place_v therein_o garrison_n they_o serve_v instead_o of_o castle_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o city_n but_o after_o he_o have_v subdue_v t._n tatius_n king_n of_o the_o sabine_n he_o give_v to_o he_o and_o his_o people_n the_o tarpeian_a or_o capitoline_n mountain_n to_o inhabit_v bring_v it_o also_o within_o the_o wall_n and_o compass_n of_o the_o city_n l._n tarqvinius_n priscus_n mend_v and_o repair_v the_o wall_n with_o stone_n which_o before_o be_v cast_v up_o with_o mud_n and_o ordinary_a rubbish_n but_o servius_n tullius_n be_v the_o first_o that_o encompass_a rome_n with_o a_o stone-wall_n add_v to_o the_o city_n three_o other_o hill_n also_o both_o king_n and_o people_n be_v as_o ambitious_a in_o augment_v their_o city_n as_o they_o be_v in_o propagate_a and_o increase_v the_o largeness_n of_o their_o dominion_n and_o empire_n last_o it_o be_v so_o enlarge_v and_o admirable_o beautify_v with_o the_o spoil_n and_o ornament_n of_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o europe_n that_o rome_n which_o be_v first_o scarce_a a_o mile_n in_o compass_n be_v afterward_o esteem_v as_o one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o without_o question_n it_o be_v a_o please_a spectacle_n which_o can_v make_v st._n augustine_n otherwise_o a_o person_n of_o great_a gravity_n and_o self-denial_n to_o his_o other_o two_o pious_a wish_n annex_v this_o of_o see_v rome_n in_o its_o full_a glory_n of_o the_o distinction_n and_o division_n of_o the_o people_n when_o romulus_n have_v secure_v his_o city_n he_o begin_v to_o think_v on_o convenient_a way_n of_o policy_n whereby_o he_o may_v the_o better_o attain_v to_o a_o certain_a method_n of_o government_n that_o may_v be_v best_o suitable_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o his_o rude_a and_o disorderly_a subject_n who_o therefore_o range_v they_o into_o three_o national_a tribe_n or_o ward_n 1._o the_o first_o ward_n be_v of_o the_o sabine_n call_v tatienses_n 2._o the_o second_o of_o the_o alban_n viz._n ramnenses_n 3._o the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o luceres_n name_v so_o from_o the_o grove_n where_o the_o asylum_n or_o sanctuary_n stand_v whither_o the_o people_n of_o all_o condition_n daily_o repair_v for_o defence_n and_o protection_n and_o every_o ward_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o parish_n then_o he_o distinguish_v they_o according_a to_o their_o degree_n and_o office_n call_v the_o old_a best_a and_o able_a of_o his_o citizen_n if_o they_o have_v child_n patricii_fw-la and_o the_o mean_a sort_n plebeii_fw-la enact_v law_n contain_v the_o duty_n negotiation_n and_o obligation_n of_o both_o the_o patricii_fw-la be_v to_o superintend_v religion_n bear_v city_n office_n administer_v justice_n to_o the_o common_a people_n the_o commons_o be_v to_o look_v to_o their_o cattle_n till_o the_o ground_n exercise_v all_o handicraft_n out_o of_o all_o those_o seniors_n he_o choose_v a_o hundred_o who_o he_o call_v senator_n from_o their_o age_n who_o for_o distinction_n sake_n wear_v a_o halfmoon_n upon_o their_o shoe_n after_o this_o manner_n ☽_o the_o letter_n stand_v for_o one_o hundred_o with_o these_o he_o consult_v in_o thing_n more_o particular_o concern_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o lest_o puff_v up_o with_o pride_n these_o patricii_fw-la shall_v contemn_v and_o trample_v upon_o the_o commonalty_n and_o the_o mean_a sort_n envy_v the_o happiness_n of_o the_o great_a one_o which_o in_o time_n may_v prove_v the_o seed_n of_o sedition_n to_o prevent_v such_o inconvenience_n he_o so_o effect_v the_o matter_n that_o each_o shall_v be_v mutual_o oblige_v and_o absolute_o depend_v one_o upon_o another_o make_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o of_o the_o commons_o to_o choose_v according_a to_o a_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o thessali_fw-la and_o athenian_n who_o he_o please_v out_o of_o the_o patricii_fw-la for_o his_o patron_n the_o patron_n be_v bind_v by_o office_n to_o appear_v and_o answer_v for_o his_o client_n in_o all_o lawsuit_n to_o manage_v his_o business_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n whether_o absent_a or_o present_a in_o a_o word_n to_o endeavour_v as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v his_o ease_n and_o quiet_a the_o client_n be_v to_o pay_v all_o due_a respect_n to_o his_o patron_n assist_v he_o with_o his_o purse_n in_o raise_v portion_n for_o his_o daughter_n to_o redeem_v he_o and_o his_o son_n if_o take_v

his_o own_o example_n behave_v himself_o brisk_o and_o prove_v fortunate_a against_o they_o in_o several_a battle_n whereupon_o the_o saxon_n to_o rid_v themselves_o of_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n call_v to_o their_o assistance_n gurmundus_fw-la a_o norwegian_a captain_n but_o as_o some_o say_v send_v for_o from_o ireland_n who_o surround_v the_o britain_n dismay_v at_o so_o great_a a_o army_n secure_v themselves_o in_o the_o town_n of_o chichester_n but_o the_o besieger_n though_o they_o be_v not_o excellent_a at_o take_v town_n by_o assault_n think_v upon_o a_o invention_n that_o do_v their_o business_n as_o well_o for_o fasten_v fire_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o several_a sparrow_n they_o have_v take_v for_o that_o purpose_n be_v let_v loose_a they_o fly_v into_o the_o town_n and_o light_v upon_o the_o thatched-house_n and_o other_o combustible_a matter_n set_v all_o on_o fire_n upon_o this_o the_o britain_n rather_o burn_v out_o than_o carry_v on_o by_o courage_n make_v a_o short_a sally_n but_o be_v overpowred_n by_o number_n be_v at_o last_o discomfit_v leave_v many_o of_o their_o nobility_n dead_a upon_o the_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n while_o the_o britain_n maintain_v this_o fight_n careticus_fw-la steal_v out_o of_o the_o battle_n secure_v himself_o among_o the_o mountain_n in_o wales_n where_o he_o find_v more_o security_n though_o less_o plenty_n now_o be_v the_o saxon_n lord_n of_o all_o britain_n this_o be_v the_o last_o british_a king_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v confine_v thence_o forward_o in_o the_o west_n by_o the_o river_n severne_n and_o dee_n gurmundus_fw-la after_o he_o have_v destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n he_o deliver_v it_o up_o into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o willing_o and_o thankful_o receive_v it_o at_o his_o hand_n cadwan_n the_o britain_n ever_o since_o the_o battle_n of_o badon_n hill_n have_v be_v at_o variance_n among_o themselves_o and_o now_o since_o the_o fight_n of_o careticus_fw-la they_o can_v not_o agree_v who_o shall_v be_v their_o governor_n twenty_o four_o year_n together_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o sundry_a ruler_n against_o the_o enemy_n but_o find_v by_o experience_n into_o what_o precipice_n and_o disadvantage_n their_o stubborness_n and_o rash_a counsel_n have_v bring_v they_o with_o joint_a consent_n choose_v cadwan_n ruler_n of_o north-wales_n king_n over_o they_o this_o prince_n though_o his_o dominion_n be_v lesser_a than_o those_o his_o ancestor_n former_o possess_v yet_o he_o give_v early_a proof_n to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o mind_n be_v nothing_o diminish_v for_o present_o after_o his_o election_n he_o raise_v a_o large_a army_n resolve_v to_o enforce_v satisfaction_n from_o the_o saxon_n for_o shed_v the_o innocent_a blood_n of_o 1200_o monk_n of_o bangor_n edelferd_v king_n of_o northumberland_n who_o have_v cause_v this_o massacre_n understand_v his_o design_n think_v not_o to_o be_v behind_o hand_n with_o he_o wherefore_o associate_a himself_n with_o most_o of_o the_o saxon_a prince_n bring_v a_o good_a army_n into_o the_o field_n to_o meet_v his_o opposer_n both_o army_n be_v now_o in_o sight_n and_o every_o one_o expect_v when_o the_o storm_n that_o be_v over_o their_o head_n will_v break_v but_o on_o a_o sudden_a it_o blow_v over_o and_o fair_a wether_n immediate_o appear_v to_o both_o party_n for_o partly_o by_o mediation_n of_o friend_n and_o partly_o from_o a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o what_o sad_a consequence_n victory_n itself_o must_v needs_o be_v to_o either_o party_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v and_o these_o two_o irreconcilable_a enemy_n become_v for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o love_a friend_n he_o reign_v over_o the_o britain_n with_o great_a honour_n twenty_o two_o year_n cadwallo_n this_o prince_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a if_o not_o superior_a to_o many_o of_o his_o predecessor_n in_o conduct_n and_o valour_n always_o behave_v himself_o victorious_o too_o severe_o and_o rigorous_o according_a to_o the_o saxon_a writer_n how_o true_a i_o know_v not_o against_o his_o old_a enemy_n the_o saxon_n penda_fw-la king_n of_o mercia_n whether_o by_o agreement_n or_o conquest_n be_v doubtful_a promise_v to_o espouse_v his_o quarrel_n against_o the_o saxon_n who_o join_v their_o force_n together_o fall_v so_o vigorous_o upon_o the_o northumbrian_n that_o they_o not_o only_o discomfit_v their_o whole_a army_n but_o leave_v king_n edwin_n dead_a upon_o the_o place_n vengeance_n though_o late_o overtake_v these_o northumbrian_n for_o inhuman_o butcher_v the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n pursue_v afterward_o the_o saxon_n with_o that_o vehemence_n that_o nothing_o can_v satisfy_v his_o fury_n but_o the_o extirpation_n of_o both_o their_o race_n and_o name_n beside_o he_o not_o only_o slay_v many_o of_o their_o prince_n and_o most_o common_o rout_v their_o army_n but_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o kingdom_n at_o his_o pleasure_n two_o year_n after_o penda_n death_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n to_o his_o son_n ulfridus_n he_o reign_v forty_o eight_o year_n his_o body_n be_v embalm_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o brazen_a image_n and_o set_v upon_o a_o brazen_a horse_n of_o excellent_a beauty_n this_o the_o britain_n set_v up_o aloft_o upon_o the_o west_n gate_n of_o london_n call_v ludgate_n in_o token_n of_o his_o conquest_n and_o for_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o saxon_n bede_n very_o much_o detract_v from_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o prince_n but_o be_v a_o saxon_a with_o what_o credit_n or_o upon_o what_o ground_n he_o have_v do_v it_o my_o time_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o examine_v according_a to_o the_o british_a historian_n cadwallader_n succeed_v cadwalls_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o eminent_a saxon_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v slay_v his_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v baptise_a by_o pope_n seigius_fw-la his_o die_a short_o afterward_o and_o his_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n at_o rome_n he_o will_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o cadwallader_n the_o saxon_a for_o which_o cause_n we_o omit_v a_o particular_a discourse_n of_o he_o in_o this_o place_n and_o this_o observation_n mr._n speed_v and_o some_o other_o have_v not_o make_v concern_v the_o same_o as_o they_o have_v set_v he_o down_o positive_o a_o succeed_a king_n in_o the_o british_a government_n for_o the_o better_a read_v the_o english_a saxon_a word_n as_o likewise_o the_o more_o ancient_a runick_n or_o gothick_n alphabet_n which_o in_o the_o follow_a treatise_n do_v often_o necessary_o occur_v and_o may_v serve_v to_o explain_v what_o monument_n mr._n cambden_n have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o character_n confess_v he_o know_v not_o the_o meaning_n of_o they_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o prefix_v their_o distinct_a alphabet_n in_o this_o place_n the_o english_a saxon_a alphabet_n a._n b._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d c._n d._n e._n f._n g._n h._n i._o k._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n q._n r._n s._n t._n v._o r._n x._o y._n z._n a._n b._n c._n d._n e._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d h._n i_o k._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n q._n n._n r._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d v_o p._n x._o y._n z._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o imperfect_a sentence_n the_o english_a saxon_n mark_v with_o a_o single_a point_n a_o full_a period_n with_o three_o place_v thus_o v_a the_o old_a gothick_n alphabet_n a._n b._n c._n d._n e._n f._n g._n h._n i._o k._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n q._n r._n s._n t._n v._o x._o y._n z._n &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o gothick_n alphabet_n of_o vuphilas_n a._n b._n c._n d._n e._n f._n g._n h._n i._o k._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n q._n r._n s._n t._n th._n v._o w._n ch._n x._o z._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o goth_n mark_v a_o imperfect_a sentence_n with_o a_o single_a point_n a_o full_a period_n with_o two_o and_o a_o w_n among_o they_o be_v sometime_o pronounce_v as_o a_o v._n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o gothick_n or_o runick_n character_n be_v the_o character_n of_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n and_o general_o of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n as_o swedeland_n denmark_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v find_v in_o many_o monument_n in_o britain_n now_o england_n cite_v by_o mr._n cambden_n although_o without_o any_o interpretation_n annex_v to_o they_o the_o antiquity_n and_o original_a of_o the_o saxon_n be_v to_o write_v of_o the_o saxon_n a_o nation_n who_o next_o to_o the_o roman_n possess_v this_o island_n and_o so_o well_o establish_v their_o law_n and_o language_n therein_o as_o to_o this_o day_n they_o remain_v in_o force_n to_o their_o posterity_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o whole_o root_v out_o though_o often_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o

〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d white_a or_o albion_n the_o giant_n from_o its_o high_a rock_n on_o the_o western_a coast_n where_o the_o phoenician_n first_o land_a call_v to_o this_o day_n pen_n or_o from_o the_o whiteness_n of_o its_o shore_n alpin_n in_o the_o phoenician_n tongue_n be_v a_o high_a mountain_n alben_n in_o the_o same_o dialect_n be_v white_a hibernia_n call_v also_o jerna_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n be_v the_o last_o country_n westward_o further_o than_o which_o the_o phoenician_n never_o take_v voyage_n it_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v call_v ibetnae_fw-la by_o the_o phoenician_n from_o whence_o come_v hibernia_n likewise_o nerne_n from_o whence_o be_v derive_v jerna_n ibernae_a the_o last_o habitation_n aher-nae_a from_o which_o the_o same_o jerna_n and_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o till_o the_o discovery_n of_o these_o island_n by_o the_o phoenician_n there_o be_v many_o place_n on_o the_o west_n of_o africa_n and_o spain_n that_o be_v so_o name_v as_o be_v then_o the_o uttermost_a habitation_n thule_n say_v suidas_n from_o thoulis_n a_o king_n of_o egypt_n so_o call_v from_o its_o dusky_n and_o dark_a situation_n lie_v in_o the_o north._n chule_n in_o the_o phoenician_n tongue_n be_v darkness_n caledonia_n a_o province_n of_o scotland_n so_o call_v from_o its_o rocky_a and_o mountainous_a nature_n so_o that_o mr._n cambden_n derive_v it_o from_o kaled_a hard_a in_o the_o british_a tongue_n galebtun_n in_o the_o phoenician_n tongue_n be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o hard_a hill_n thus_o have_v i_o run_v cursory_o over_o the_o country_n of_o most_o considerable_a note_n pass_v from_o asia_n and_o so_o westward_o to_o these_o our_o island_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o i_o return_v back_o to_o show_v the_o same_o consent_n and_o agreement_n in_o more_o private_a and_o particular_a place_n which_o though_o not_o so_o famous_a as_o the_o forementioned_a yet_o be_v sufficient_o know_v by_o all_o at_o this_o day_n and_o be_v no_o less_o frequent_v by_o the_o phoenician_n than_o the_o former_a the_o greek_n the_o phoenician_n the_o interpretation_n baleares_n two_o island_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n derive_v by_o the_o greek_n from_o baleus_n a_o companion_n of_o hercules_n these_o island_n be_v ever_o famous_a as_o be_v notorious_o know_v for_o excellent_a slinger_n upon_o which_o account_n they_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o phoenician_n bal-jaro_a a_o master_n at_o sle_v or_o a_o excellent_a slinger_n in_o the_o phoenician_n corsica_n otherwise_o cyrnus_n so_o name_v from_o cyrnus_n a_o son_n of_o hercules_n it_o receive_v both_o its_o name_n from_o the_o phoenician_n the_o former_a from_o its_o woodiness_n the_o latter_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o many_o promontory_n shoot_v on_o all_o side_n into_o the_o sea_n upon_o which_o reason_n aethicus_n orosius_n isidorus_n all_o three_o give_v it_o the_o same_o epithet_n of_o multis_fw-la promontoriis_fw-la angulosa_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o for_o its_o abound_v with_o wood_n whoever_o read_v of_o the_o island_n can_v but_o know_v it_o carno_n or_o curno_n from_o whence_o kúpros_n a_o horn_n or_o promontory_n in_o the_o phoen._n chorsi_n from_o whence_o corsica_n or_o corsis_fw-la signify_v a_o woody_n place_n sardinia_n otherwise_o sardo_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o sardus_n the_o son_n of_o hercules_n this_o island_n receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o resemblance_n it_o have_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o man_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n ichnusa_n and_o sandaliotis_n sarad_n and_o sarda_n in_o the_o phoenician_n tongue_n signify_v the_o footstep_n of_o a_o man._n melite_n now_o malta_n from_o the_o nymph_n melite_n of_o who_o hercules_n beget_v hyllus_n some_o bring_v it_o from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hony_n with_o which_o it_o never_o abound_v but_o it_o take_v rather_o its_o name_n from_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o its_o situation_n and_o port_n lie_v exact_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o tyre_n and_o the_o straits_n whither_o the_o phoenician_n traffic_v insomuch_o that_o upon_o all_o occasion_n either_o to_o victual_v or_o to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o tempest_n or_o enemy_n say_v diodorus_n in_o several_a place_n this_o be_v a_o refuge_n to_o the_o phoenician_n have_v within_o it_o a_o colony_n of_o their_o own_o melita_n in_o the_o phoenician_n tongue_n signify_v a_o place_n of_o refuge_n or_o sanctuary_n etc._n etc._n and_o who_o know_v not_o that_o many_o place_n in_o the_o east_n country_n have_v their_o name_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n and_o we_o call_v the_o midway_n to_o the_o east-indies_n the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n at_o this_o day_n gades_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d stephanus_n eustathius_n and_o suidas_n derive_v it_o thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o neck_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o straits_n shut_v up_o the_o mediterranean_a as_o a_o fence_n or_o pinfold_n a_o little_a passage_n only_o be_v leave_v and_o therefore_o be_v they_o call_v septum_fw-la by_o the_o latin_a and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o gr._n gadir_n in_o the_o phoen._n tongue_n signify_v the_o same_o as_o septum_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d abyla_n a_o mountain_n on_o the_o straits_n it_o be_v sometime_o write_v alyba_n the_o letter_n transpose_v festus_n witness_v that_o this_o mountain_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o phoenician_n and_o signify_v in_o their_o tongue_n as_o much_o as_o a_o high_a hill_n abilam_fw-la vocant_fw-la gens_n punicorum_fw-la mons_fw-la quod_fw-la altus_fw-la barbaro_n ab-illaa_a in_o the_o phoen._n tongue_n be_v a_o high_a mountain_n so_o be_v alaba_a from_o whence_o come_v the_o transposition_n aliba_n for_o abyla_n galpe_n another_o mountain_n on_o the_o straits_n answer_v to_o abyla_n on_o the_o side_n of_o spain_n this_o mountain_n on_o the_o west_n be_v open_a like_o a_o urn_n or_o pitcher_n and_o so_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o scholiast_n upon_o juvenal_n and_o by_o mela_n and_o therefore_o have_v it_o its_o name_n galpha_n in_o the_o phoen._n be_v a_o urn_n or_o pitcher_n and_o in_o festus_n calparis_fw-la be_v a_o kind_n of_o vessel_n rhodus_n a_o island_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a derive_v by_o the_o greek_n from_o rose_n which_o in_o their_o tongue_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o serpent_n it_o produce_v upon_o which_o very_a account_n it_o be_v call_v ophiusa_n by_o the_o greek_n or_o a_o island_n of_o serpent_n rod_n in_o the_o phoen._n tongue_n be_v a_o serpent_n or_o dragon_n cerastis_n which_o be_v cyprus_n so_o call_v from_o its_o many_o promontory_n as_o stephanus_n witness_v keren_n in_o the_o phoen._n a_o horn_n or_o promontory_n from_o whence_o come_v kernaa_n kosno_n and_o kurno_n sicilia_n a_o scindendo_fw-la because_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o continent_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o abundance_n and_o excellency_n of_o its_o grape_n with_o which_o it_o supply_v africa_n in_o former_a time_n as_o witness_v diodorus_n who_o say_v that_o the_o agrigentine_n once_o arrive_v to_o infinite_a wealth_n by_o that_o trade_n segulaia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o much_o as_o a_o country_n of_o grape_n in_o the_o phoenician_n tongue_n sicani_n a_o people_n of_o sicily_n they_o inhabit_v the_o south_n and_o west_n part_n of_o the_o island_n that_o butt_v upon_o africa_n and_o these_o only_o be_v proper_o call_v sicani_n and_o their_o country_n sicania_n and_o that_o from_o their_o neighbourhood_n with_o the_o phoenician_n lie_v next_o to_o they_o secanim_fw-la signify_v neighbour_n so_o be_v many_o people_n call_v in_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n for_o their_o neighbourhood_n to_o the_o jew_n syracuse_n the_o metropolis_n of_o sicily_n it_o be_v agree_v it_o take_v name_n from_o a_o stink_a and_o unwholesome_a marsb_n upon_o which_o it_o stand_v call_v syraco_n which_o by_o its_o noisome_a vapour_n oft_o bring_v plague_n upon_o the_o city_n syraco_n in_o the_o phoen._n tongue_n signify_v a_o evil_a savour_n charybdis_n a_o place_n much_o note_v for_o shipwreck_n the_o water_n there_o run_v round_o and_o make_v a_o gulf_n insomuch_o as_o seneca_n write_v hiatu_fw-la magno_fw-la profundoque_fw-la sorbet_fw-la navigia_fw-la chor-obdam_a in_o the_o phoen._n signify_v foramen_fw-la perditionis_fw-la a_o hole_n of_o destruction_n as_o the_o eastern_a nation_n express_v themselves_o in_o such_o case_n scylla_n another_o rock_n that_o answer_v charybdis_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sicilian_a streight_n no_o doubt_n take_v its_o name_n upon_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o charybdis_n scol_n in_o the_o phoen._n from_o whence_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a signify_v destruction_n aetna_n a_o burn_a mountain_n in_o sicily_n the_o greek_n give_v no_o derivation_n of_o it_o but_o tell_v we_o a_o fable_n of_o the_o giant_n enceladus_n who_o by_o jupiter_n

among_o they_o sometime_o ambition_n only_o to_o increase_v their_o rule_n and_o sovereignty_n prompt_v some_o to_o make_v incursion_n on_o their_o neighbour_n so_o that_o they_o who_o have_v the_o great_a desire_n to_o sit_v quiet_a be_v oblige_v to_o stand_v in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n and_o to_o be_v always_o ready_a against_o such_o invasion_n who_o great_a strength_n and_o force_n lie_v in_o their_o be_v swift_a and_o sudden_a sometime_o the_o druid_n interest_n engage_v the_o secular_a power_n in_o its_o quarrel_n every_o prince_n desire_v to_o advance_v a_o creature_n of_o his_o own_o to_o the_o primacy_n and_o superintendency_n over_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o whole_a nation_n be_v always_o in_o a_o warlike_a posture_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n to_o hear_v what_o some_o ancient_a author_n write_v of_o they_o that_o every_o one_o delight_v in_o pick_v quarrel_n that_o it_o be_v their_o daily_a exercise_n and_o pleasure_n to_o be_v skirmish_v that_o they_o be_v continual_o go_v out_o in_o party_n fortisy_v and_o entrench_v many_o time_n rather_o out_o of_o delight_n than_o any_o necessity_n for_o be_v constrain_v to_o keep_v stand_v force_n it_o be_v absolute_o requisite_a they_o shall_v be_v keep_v in_o exercise_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a in_o the_o circumstance_n this_o country_n be_v then_o in_o for_o any_o prince_n though_o desirous_a of_o peace_n to_o keep_v his_o soldier_n in_o order_n and_o discipline_n unless_o they_o be_v sometime_o let_v loose_a and_o afford_v those_o liberty_n and_o advantage_n which_o other_o man_n of_o fortune_n have_v under_o more_o ambitious_a and_o turbulent_a governor_n but_o the_o great_a bone_n of_o contention_n among_o they_o which_o never_o suffer_v these_o dissension_n to_o heal_v and_o close_o up_o be_v the_o eternal_a feud_n as_o i_o suppose_v between_o the_o inland_a britain_n the_o first_o possessor_n of_o the_o island_n and_o those_o that_o come_v over_o from_o gaul_n and_o belgium_n these_o drive_v all_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n from_o all_o the_o seacoast_n seize_v their_o estate_n and_o secure_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o island_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o although_o in_o process_n of_o time_n these_o different_a fort_n of_o people_n may_v mix_v very_o much_o in_o their_o allyance_n language_n custom_n and_o religion_n yet_o the_o first_o injury_n of_o the_o invader_n be_v no_o doubt_n upon_o occasion_n very_o often_o severe_o resent_v by_o the_o inlander_n and_o i_o believe_v in_o their_o common_a union_n against_o caesar_n and_o the_o roman_n never_o hearty_o forget_v this_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o affair_n in_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o caesar_n at_o his_o arrival_n be_v much_o deceive_v in_o his_o expectation_n for_o by_o the_o small_a preparation_n he_o make_v at_o his_o first_o invasion_n we_o may_v guess_v what_o a_o low_a opinion_n he_o have_v of_o the_o temper_n courage_n and_o conduct_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o at_o his_o second_o attempt_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o his_o levy_n and_o number_n of_o ship_n be_v in_o all_o eight_o hundred_o we_o may_v on_o the_o other_o side_n judge_n what_o warm_a entertainment_n he_o receive_v the_o first_o time_n from_o they_o so_o that_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o their_o skill_n in_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v in_o respect_n they_o live_v among_o themselves_o in_o the_o continual_a exercise_n of_o it_o it_o remain_v only_o that_o their_o manner_n of_o fight_v with_o the_o several_a custom_n they_o use_v differ_v from_o other_o nation_n their_o neighbour_n be_v describe_v and_o explain_v the_o first_o and_o most_o memorable_a thing_n that_o occur_v be_v their_o fight_v in_o chariot_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n as_o diodorus_n siculus_n express_v at_o the_o sic._n trojan_a war._n of_o this_o custom_n of_o they_o i_o have_v treat_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o since_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o britain_n and_o a_o few_o adjacent_a part_n in_o gaul_n that_o caesar_n relate_v it_o for_o a_o wonder_n in_o the_o western_a part_n but_o that_o will_v be_v think_v to_o proceed_v either_o immediate_o from_o that_o nation_n or_o else_o from_o the_o phoenician_n as_o for_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chariot_n they_o fight_v in_o be_v clear_o phoenician_n as_o benna_n carrus_n or_o carrum_fw-la covinus_n essedum_n rheda_n and_o so_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n to_o think_v primitive_o be_v introduce_v by_o they_o the_o grecians_n add_v and_o alter_v they_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n for_o one_o sort_n they_o call_v petoritum_n from_o its_o four_o wheel_n and_o of_o the_o ordinary_a rheda_n they_o make_v their_o epireda_n i_o suppose_v with_o two_o story_n in_o it_o to_o carry_v the_o more_o men._n the_o wagon_n and_o chariot_n they_o thus_o fight_v in_o be_v exceed_o well_o harness_v and_o arm_v for_o at_o both_o end_n of_o the_o axeltrees_n they_o fasten_v hook_n and_o scythe_n so_o that_o drive_v furious_o into_o the_o enemy_n battle_n they_o make_v whole_a lane_n of_o slaughter_a man_n the_o scythe_n cut_v they_o off_o in_o the_o middle_n who_o do_v not_o give_v speedy_a way_n and_o such_o as_o escape_v they_o be_v catch_v up_o with_o the_o hook_n which_o be_v place_v for_o that_o purpose_n so_o that_o hang_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v miserable_a spectacle_n and_o suffer_v intolerable_a pain_n and_o torment_n be_v constrain_v to_o write_v upon_o the_o triumph_n of_o their_o conqueror_n be_v drag_v along_o before_o and_o behind_o their_o chariot_n wheel_n these_o sort_n of_o chariot_n be_v call_v covini_fw-la and_o in_o the_o british_a tongue_n at_o this_o day_n cowain_n signify_v to_o carry_v in_o a_o wagon_n lucan_n call_v it_o constratus_fw-la covinus_n be_v possible_o of_o a_o even_a and_o broad_a make_v more_o open_a than_o their_o other_o sort_n of_o chariot_n and_o probable_o it_o carry_v no_o man_n at_o lucan_n all_o but_o only_o he_o that_o guide_v it_o for_o we_o read_v in_o tacitus_n that_o covinarius_fw-la be_v as_o agric._n much_o as_o to_o say_v auriga_fw-la and_o this_o they_o do_v that_o the_o chariot_n may_v be_v more_o expedit_fw-la and_o the_o horse_n with_o more_o ease_n may_v draw_v the_o scythe_n and_o hook_n through_o any_o opposition_n the_o essedum_n call_v by_o the_o phoenician_n dassedan_n by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v another_o sort_n of_o chariot_n which_o i_o believe_v carry_v no_o scythe_n or_o hook_n in_o which_o 4._o be_v only_o arm_v man_n how_o the_o britain_n use_v these_o we_o read_v in_o caesar_n the_o charioteer_n call_v essedarii_n ride_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o bestow_v their_o dart_n with_o the_o terrible_a appearance_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o the_o noise_n of_o their_o wheel_n usual_o break_v their_o rank_n and_o when_o they_o have_v wrought_v themselves_o into_o the_o enemy_n horse_n they_o fling_v themselves_o from_o their_o chariot_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n the_o chariot_n guider_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n withdraw_v a_o little_a way_n out_o of_o the_o battle_n and_o place_n themselves_o so_o that_o if_o their_o party_n be_v overpower_v with_o the_o number_n of_o enemy_n they_o may_v retreat_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o security_n by_o this_o mean_n in_o their_o fight_n they_o perform_v the_o nimbleness_n of_o horse_n and_o the_o steadiness_n of_o foot_n by_o daily_a use_n and_o exercise_n they_o arrive_v to_o that_o perfection_n that_o in_o the_o steep_a descent_n of_o a_o hill_n they_o can_v hold_v their_o horse_n to_o a_o full_a career_n stop_v of_o a_o sudden_a turn_v short_a run_v upon_o the_o spire-pole_n and_o beam_n of_o the_o chariot_n stand_v upright_o on_o the_o yoke_n and_o harness_n of_o their_o steed_n and_o immediate_o again_o whip_v into_o their_o chariot_n this_o exceed_a nimbleness_n and_o dexterity_n in_o the_o management_n of_o their_o essed_n oftentimes_o foil_v caesar_n and_o his_o heavy_a legion_n sometime_o they_o will_v feign_v themselves_o to_o fly_v by_o that_o mean_n to_o draw_v his_o light_a soldier_n to_o follow_v they_o and_o immediate_o turn_v again_o and_o skip_v off_o their_o chariot_n they_o often_o give_v they_o notable_a repulse_n drive_v they_o to_o their_o main_a body_n where_o they_o be_v force_v to_o shelter_v themselves_o upon_o this_o very_a account_n they_o never_o fight_v thick_a or_o in_o cluster_n but_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o diverse_a and_o distant_a station_n which_o before_o hand_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n agree_v upon_o relieve_v one_o another_o as_o they_o see_v occasion_n and_o retire_v when_o weary_a so_o come_v on_o again_o as_o they_o have_v refresh_v or_o relieve_v their_o horse_n by_o this_o their_o scatter_a way_n of_o fight_v the_o roman_n know_v not_o which_o way_n to_o bend_v their_o main_a strength_n beside_o

himself_o of_o his_o first_o year_n invasion_n may_v be_v proper_o speak_v of_o his_o second_o also_o namely_o that_o he_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o see_v the_o island_n and_o try_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o pass_v away_o in_o order_n to_o this_o design_n he_o endeavour_v by_o diligent_a enquiry_n to_o learn_v out_o the_o nature_n 4._o and_o situation_n of_o this_o island_n the_o place_n of_o most_o easy_a access_n what_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v commodious_a for_o his_o great_a ship_n what_o and_o how_o great_a nation_n inhabit_v the_o island_n their_o custom_n in_o war_n and_o their_o several_a usage_n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v unknown_a to_o the_o gaul_n for_o except_o some_o few_o merchant_n and_o trader_n none_o scarce_o ever_o go_v thither_o and_o they_o too_o only_o to_o the_o seacoast_n that_o be_v next_o unto_o gaul_n so_o that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o sift_v out_o any_o thing_n srom_o the_o merchant_n themselves_o who_o for_o that_o purpose_n he_o have_v call_v together_o from_o all_o part_n and_o who_o possible_o studious_o decline_v to_o give_v he_o any_o information_n he_o send_v caius_n volusenus_n in_o a_o long_a galley_n with_o order_n to_o make_v discovery_n of_o this_o island_n and_o that_o do_v to_o return_v as_o soon_o as_o possible_a he_o can_v in_o this_o relation_n of_o caesar_n touch_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o gaul_n and_o their_o merchant_n in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a circumstance_n relate_v to_o britain_n many_o have_v require_v the_o diligence_n or_o at_o least_o the_o memory_n of_o caesar_n for_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a they_o can_v be_v so_o ignorant_a of_o the_o asfair_n of_o britain_n see_v they_o send_v their_o child_n thither_o as_o he_o himself_o report_v to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o learning_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o druid_n the_o common_a priest_n of_o both_o nation_n and_o see_v they_o that_o be_v send_v for_o that_o purpose_n often_o tarry_v in_o britain_n twenty_o year_n 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damage_n partly_o for_o want_v of_o sure_a foot_n and_o partly_o because_o in_o eagerness_n to_o rescue_v their_o ensign_n they_o observe_v no_o order_n every_o one_o out_o of_o his_o ship_n advance_v to_o that_o standard_n that_o be_v next_o to_o he_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o britain_n manage_v their_o advantage_n with_o great_a prudence_n and_o resolution_n where_o they_o see_v the_o enemy_n boggle_v either_o in_o the_o depth_n or_o the_o sand_n they_o present_o assault_v they_o cut_a they_o off_o in_o all_o party_n and_o wheresoever_o they_o perceive_v any_o few_o make_n up_o to_o their_o standard_n drive_v furious_o between_o they_o intercept_v their_o passage_n and_o with_o ease_n dispatch_v they_o other_o there_o be_v who_o attempt_v the_o main_a body_n which_o be_v gather_v about_o the_o standard_n and_o with_o their_o dart_n very_o much_o anoy_v they_o which_o caesar_n perceive_v he_o command_v all_o his_o boat_n and_o shallop_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o soldier_n and_o where_o he_o see_v any_o distress_a he_o receive_v they_o into_o his_o protection_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o foot_n be_v all_o disembarkt_a and_o have_v get_v into_o some_o order_n they_o make_v up_o to_o the_o shoar_n where_o after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n the_o weary_a britain_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n or_o rather_o retire_v have_v observe_v by_o the_o disburthen_v of_o all_o the_o ship_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v no_o horse_n to_o follow_v they_o which_o indeed_o prove_v true_a by_o reason_n that_o through_o negligence_n they_o do_v not_o or_o by_o contrary_a wind_n can_v not_o arrive_v so_o speedy_o as_o they_o be_v order_v this_o prove_v a_o great_a vexation_n to_o caesar_n who_o never_o use_v to_o get_v victory_n by_o half_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n we_o ever_o find_v he_o complain_v against_o his_o fortune_n the_o britain_n send_v for_o peace_n but_o upon_o a_o accident_n to_o the_o roman_a fleet_n change_v counsel_n the_o britain_n for_o what_o cause_n be_v uncertain_a but_o probable_o from_o division_n in_o themselves_o and_o a_o roman_a party_n creep_v in_o among_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o treat_v of_o peace_n promise_v to_o give_v what_o hostage_n he_o shall_v demand_v and_o to_o submit_v to_o his_o disposal_n with_o these_o ambassador_n comius_n of_o arras_n also_o return_v who_o i_o say_v before_o be_v send_v by_o caesar_n into_o britain_n he_o after_o his_o land_n the_o britain_n have_v apprehend_v as_o a_o spy_n and_o have_v understand_v his_o order_n have_v lade_v with_o iron_n and_o now_o to_o ingratiate_v themselves_o with_o caesar_n they_o send_v he_o back_o lay_v the_o envy_n of_o his_o imprisonment_n upon_o the_o common_a rout_n and_o desire_v that_o if_o in_o yield_v to_o the_o multitude_n they_o have_v do_v imprudent_o they_o may_v obtain_v pardon_n for_o their_o error_n caesar_n complain_v that_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n have_v send_v to_o he_o on_o the_o continent_n for_o peace_n they_o shall_v 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some_o be_v cast_v back_o to_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v other_o driven_z westward_o of_o the_o island_n but_o find_v no_o safety_n in_o those_o part_n nor_o be_v able_a to_o ride_v at_o anchor_n in_o such_o high_a sea_n be_v force_v at_o night_n to_o make_v for_o the_o continent_n and_o as_o orosius_n say_v orosius_n most_o of_o they_o perish_v the_o same_o night_n it_o happen_v the_o moon_n be_v full_a at_o which_o time_n the_o flood_n be_v high_a that_o unaware_o to_o the_o roman_n the_o springtide_n fill_v and_o cover_v those_o galley_n which_o have_v be_v hale_v on_o shore_n and_o which_o be_v intend_v to_o serve_v for_o the_o transport_v of_o the_o army_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o ship_n of_o burden_n that_o lie_v off_o at_o anchor_n be_v sore_o shatter_v by_o the_o tempest_n the_o roman_n all_o the_o while_n

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and_o screeching_n in_o the_o theatre_n strange_a spectre_n walk_v in_o the_o neighbour_a frith_n the_o ocean_n look_v of_o a_o tamesa_n bloody-hew_a and_o at_o low_a tide_n the_o shape_n of_o dead_a body_n lay_v imprint_v on_o the_o sand_n all_o which_o prodigy_n raise_v hopeful_a expectation_n in_o the_o britain_n but_o in_o the_o veterane_n soldier_n terror_n and_o despair_n for_o by_o this_o time_n boadicia_n lead_v after_o her_o infinite_a multitude_n have_v destroy_v some_o scatter_a garrison_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v now_o prepare_v to_o attack_v they_o at_o their_o chief_a quarter_n at_o malden_n the_o colony_n understanding_n of_o her_o approach_n send_v to_o catus_n decianus_n to_o send_v they_o speedy_a supply_n for_o suetonius_n have_v but_o late_o hear_v of_o their_o revolt_n and_o can_v not_o come_v up_o time_n enough_o for_o their_o relief_n but_o he_o spare_v they_o but_o two_o hundred_o man_n and_o those_o ill_n arm_v for_o the_o hatred_n the_o province_n bear_v 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and_o take_v example_n by_o the_o rashness_n of_o petilius_n which_o be_v sufficient_o punish_v he_o resolve_v to_o march_v out_o and_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o one_o town_n hope_v to_o save_v the_o rest_n neither_o can_v he_o be_v divert_v from_o his_o resolution_n either_o by_o the_o cry_n or_o tear_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o take_v all_o with_o he_o who_o be_v willing_a to_o make_v part_n of_o his_o army_n he_o leave_v the_o rest_n who_o age_n sex_n or_o love_n to_o the_o place_n will_v not_o suffer_v to_o follow_v who_o be_v all_o afterward_o miserable_o slay_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o city_n sack_v and_o destroy_v the_o same_o slaughter_n attend_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o verulam_n for_o the_o britain_n slight_v the_o fort_n and_o garrison_n of_o soldier_n fly_v only_o at_o prey_n and_o booty_n and_o attack_v those_o place_n which_o be_v weak_a defend_v thus_o

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out_o of_o his_o force_n scatter_v and_o detain_v by_o tempest_n in_o the_o build_n of_o these_o garrison_n the_o skilful_a take_v notice_n that_o never_o any_o captain_n with_o great_a judgement_n and_o foresight_n choose_v out_o his_o place_n to_o fortify_v no_o sconce_n or_o fortress_n of_o his_o raise_n be_v ever_o take_v by_o force_n or_o surrender_v or_o quit_v by_o flight_n but_o of_o these_o he_o make_v continual_a eruption_n into_o the_o country_n lay_v in_o provision_n for_o a_o whole_a year_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n his_o man_n be_v besiege_v they_o may_v patient_o wait_v the_o convenience_n of_o relief_n by_o this_o mean_v his_o soldier_n live_v fearless_a in_o winter_n every_o garrison_n be_v a_o guard_n to_o its_o neighbour_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v frustrate_v who_o always_o reckon_v in_o the_o winter_n season_n to_o make_v up_o the_o loss_n receive_v in_o summer_n find_v that_o both_o time_n be_v equal_o disadvantageous_a to_o they_o in_o all_o 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the_o whole_a world_n not_o without_o suspicion_n of_o poison_n from_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n domitian_n and_o this_o be_v sufficient_o to_o be_v say_v in_o his_o character_n that_o for_o his_o goodness_n he_o be_v general_o call_v the_o joy_n and_o delight_n of_o mankind_n domitian_n the_o first_o year_n of_o domitian_n and_o the_o four_o of_o agricolas_n government_n in_o britain_n be_v spend_v in_o secure_v what_o the_o summer_n 82_o before_o have_v be_v new_o get_v in_o the_o island_n and_o have_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o soldier_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o general_n and_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o loss_n of_o titus_n not_o seem_v at_o a_o stand_n the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o britain_n may_v at_o this_o time_n be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o roman_n for_o glota_n and_o bodoteia_n now_o dun_a britton_n and_o edinburrough_n fryth_n run_v from_o both_o sea_n far_o into_o the_o continent_n and_o disjoin_v only_o by_o a_o neck_n of_o land_n together_o with_o all_o the_o creek_n and_o havens_n on_o this_o side_n be_v hold_v by_o roman_a garrison_n and_o the_o enemy_n as_o it_o be_v drive_v and_o pen_v up_o in_o another_o island_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o expedition_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o sea_n be_v open_a he_o take_v ship_n and_o pass_v to_o nation_n till_o then_o unknown_a suppose_a to_o be_v the_o north_n part_n 83._o of_o scotland_n the_o orcades_n and_o other_o island_n adjacent_a these_o in_o many_o prosperous_a battle_n he_o subdue_v and_o in_o those_o part_n which_o lie_v next_o unto_o they_o he_o place_v garrison_n and_o soldier_n not_o out_o of_o fear_n to_o hold_v but_o hope_n of_o gain_v further_o ireland_n he_o understand_v lay_v between_o britain_n and_o spain_n and_o very_o opportune_o for_o the_o gallic_a and_o although_o not_o so_o great_a as_o britain_n yet_o under_o the_o same_o climate_n the_o nature_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n not_o much_o different_a 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excuse_n wherein_o he_o allege_v the_o

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male-children_n of_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o life_n depend_v upon_o their_o parent_n fidelity_n and_o end_v with_o the_o first_o suspicion_n of_o rebellion_n which_o custom_n beside_o the_o present_a good_a promise_v the_o like_a or_o better_a security_n to_o the_o next_o age_n when_o as_o those_o child_n by_o conversation_n and_o acquaintance_n shall_v be_v so_o affect_v to_o the_o roman_a empire_n that_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n their_o action_n may_v tend_v to_o the_o advancement_n rather_o than_o any_o way_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o same_o and_o lest_o the_o love_n of_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n shall_v prevail_v more_o with_o they_o than_o that_o affectionate_a nature_n have_v enjoin_v to_o bear_v to_o their_o child_n they_o do_v what_o they_o can_v to_o take_v away_o the_o instrument_n of_o rebellion_n by_o cause_v they_o to_o deliver_v up_o such_o arm_n and_o weapon_n as_o be_v there_o present_a and_o so_o become_v suitable_a to_o that_o petition_n of_o peace_n which_o they_o have_v present_v to_o they_o of_o their_o habit_n the_o gown_n be_v the_o particular_a habit_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n they_o be_v as_o easy_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o nation_n by_o that_o expression_n of_o gens_n togata_fw-la as_o they_o be_v by_o that_o of_o populus_fw-la romanus_n this_o gown_n according_a to_o some_o be_v open_o before_o according_a to_o other_o sow_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o close_o it_o come_v down_o to_o the_o ankle_n and_o be_v make_v without_o sleeve_n so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o and_o cast_v behind_o their_o back_n before_o they_o can_v make_v use_n of_o their_o arms._n but_o this_o liberty_n of_o cast_v back_o their_o gown_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o arm_n be_v not_o allow_v the_o first_o year_n to_o those_o that_o wear_v the_o toga_fw-la virilis_n as_o favour_v too_o much_o of_o sauciness_n and_o immodesty_n according_a to_o that_o of_o 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call_v paludamentum_fw-la and_o the_o soldier_n usual_a coat_n sagum_n of_o the_o woman_n garment_n the_o matron_n and_o honest_a sort_n of_o woman_n wear_v a_o long_a robe_n or_o vestment_n call_v stola_fw-la which_o come_v down_o to_o their_o heel_n border_v about_o at_o the_o bottom_n but_o the_o roman_a courtesan_n be_v know_v by_o their_o wear_a gown_n a_o proper_a attire_n for_o those_o that_o be_v more_o in_o love_n with_o man_n breeches_n than_o their_o own_o petticoat_n they_o wear_v also_o a_o pallium_fw-la or_o mantle_n which_o on_o occasion_n they_o put_v over_o their_o stola_n and_o tunicks_n something_o differ_v from_o those_o which_o be_v wear_v by_o man_n and_o boy_n they_o secure_v and_o defend_v their_o stomach_n against_o cold_a with_o a_o capitium_n or_o stomacher_n their_o shoulder_n and_o breast_n they_o straight_o bind_v with_o swadling-band_n leave_v the_o shoulder_n shall_v grow_v too_o broad_a or_o start_v out_o and_o prove_v unequal_a or_o lest_o their_o 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majorum_fw-la quisquis_fw-la primus_fw-la fuit_fw-la ille_fw-la tuorum_fw-la aut_fw-la pastor_n fuit_fw-la aut_fw-la illud_fw-la quid_fw-la dicere_fw-la nolo_fw-la boast_v not_o proud_a roman_a thy_o nobility_n shall_v thou_o but_o search_v into_o thy_o family_n who_o ever_o of_o it_o be_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v shepherd_n or_o i_o be_o loath_a to_o name_v it_o a_o thief_n they_o appear_v to_o their_o neighbour_n but_o especial_o the_o sabine_n so_o contemptible_a that_o they_o esteem_v it_o a_o scandal_n to_o their_o family_n to_o give_v they_o their_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n and_o have_v not_o the_o roman_n by_o a_o subtle_a wile_n sudden_o surprise_v they_o they_o have_v be_v cut_v off_o for_o ever_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o people_n afterward_o they_o prove_v a_o very_a just_a grave_a and_o sober_a sort_n of_o man_n but_o above_o all_o thing_n extreme_o ambitious_a semper_fw-la appetentes_fw-la gloriae_fw-la praeter_fw-la caeteras_fw-la nationes_fw-la sunt_fw-la romani_fw-la say_v tully_n the_o roman_n be_v ever_o beyond_o all_o nation_n desirous_a of_o glory_n tully_n and_o that_o they_o be_v valiant_a and_o strange_o resolute_a in_o as_o great_a a_o measure_n be_v evident_a from_o history_n for_o in_o the_o low_a ebb_n of_o fortune_n and_o great_a distress_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n when_o no_o human_a wisdom_n can_v perceive_v any_o way_n of_o escape_v infallible_a ruin_n than_o be_v they_o proud_a their_o demand_n almost_o insolent_a and_o their_o hope_n outward_o great_a what_o answer_n do_v they_o send_v to_o pyrrhus_n a_o captain_n among_o historian_n of_o no_o mean_a reputation_n just_a before_o the_o battle_n near_o the_o river_n siris_n under_o laevenus_fw-la their_o consul_n that_o they_o have_v neither_o choose_v he_o their_o judge_n nor_o fear_v he_o their_o enemy_n and_o though_o he_o after_o this_o battle_n in_o which_o they_o be_v utter_o defeat_v and_o in_o all_o probability_n likely_a to_o be_v beat_v again_o and_o again_o by_o his_o ambassador_n cyneas_n underhand_o sue_v nay_o will_v have_v bribe_v they_o to_o appease_v yet_o they_o send_v word_n that_o before_o that_o can_v be_v do_v he_o must_v first_o depart_v out_o of_o italy_n neither_o in_o the_o height_n of_o hannibal_n good_a fortune_n do_v they_o ever_o wrong_v the_o roman_a courage_n with_o the_o least_o thought_n of_o irresolution_n and_o despair_n what_o happy_a constellation_n be_v predominant_a at_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n i_o can_v certain_o tell_v but_o that_o it_o be_v lead_v and_o direct_v by_o the_o especial_a care_n and_o providence_n of_o the_o god_n who_o favour_n it_o have_v merit_v and_o to_o who_o it_o be_v most_o dear_a above_o all_o other_o place_n may_v be_v reasonable_o presume_v on_o from_o the_o inconsiderableness_n of_o its_o beginning_n and_o the_o continuance_n and_o long-life_n of_o its_o empire_n thus_o much_o we_o have_v discourse_v purposely_o on_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o those_o that_o understand_v not_o latin_a that_o they_o may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v acquaint_v with_o some_o few_o of_o their_o custom_n and_o the_o form_n of_o government_n use_v by_o those_o ancient_a hero_n thereby_o to_o know_v how_o much_o we_o owe_v to_o their_o memory_n for_o certain_o we_o ought_v to_o be_v oblige_v rather_o to_o they_o for_o their_o victory_n than_o any_o way_n concern_v at_o their_o conquest_n who_o be_v to_o we_o and_o most_o nation_n elsewhere_o rather_o civil_a tutor_n than_o domineer_a tyrant_n wheresoever_o they_o come_v unless_o high_o provoke_v they_o build_v and_o beautify_v more_o than_o they_o destroy_v and_o treat_v the_o inhabitant_n as_o friend_n and_o ally_n rather_o than_o bitter_a enemy_n what_o infinite_a pain_n do_v they_o take_v in_o mend_v the_o road_n of_o many_o county_n and_o make_v their_o rough_a and_o boggy_a place_n passable_a for_o produce_v commerce_n and_o acquaintance_n among_o the_o native_n themselves_o at_o what_o vast_a expense_n do_v they_o maintain_v their_o legionary_a soldier_n and_o erect_v court_n of_o judicature_n for_o quell_v the_o private_a animosity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n when_o the_o revenue_n they_o exact_v will_v scarce_o quit_v charge_n or_o the_o place_n itself_o prove_v worth_a the_o keep_n except_v that_o of_o great_a britain_n so_o that_o all_o their_o cruelty_n we_o can_v complain_v of_o be_v the_o reduce_n of_o the_o savage_a nation_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o a_o compliance_n with_o their_o reasonable_a law_n when_o mild_a usage_n can_v not_o effect_v it_o neither_o have_v we_o reason_n to_o think_v much_o at_o the_o loss_n of_o our_o liberty_n when_o it_o be_v exchange_v for_o such_o a_o glorious_a subjection_n under_o which_o slavery_n we_o live_v more_o happy_a than_o under_o our_o own_o mild_a extravagance_n which_o hurry_v we_o headlong_o into_o a_o thousand_o inconvenience_n the_o roman_n relinquish_v britain_n suffer_v the_o government_n to_o relapse_n into_o the_o native_n hand_n upon_o those_o letter_n of_o discharge_v send_v hither_o by_o honorius_n then_o with_o the_o empire_n to_o use_v mr._n milton_n own_o word_n fall_v also_o what_o before_o in_o this_o western_a world_n be_v chief_a roman_a namely_o learning_n valour_n eloquence_n history_n civility_n and_o even_o language_n itself_o the_o particular_n of_o which_o have_v be_v more_o large_o show_v in_o a_o former_a treatise_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o british_a king_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n king_n vortigern_n enter_v upon_o the_o government_n an._n chr._n 481_o and_o reign_v 37_o year_n vortimer_n his_o son_n 06_o vortigern_n restauration_n complete_v his_o 37_o year_n government_n ambrose_n aurelianus_n 10_o uter_n pendragon_n 16_o arthur_n 51_o constantine_n the_o four_o 04_o aurelius_n conanus_fw-la 03_o vortipor_n sinduallus_fw-la 04_o malgo_n 05_o cathericus_fw-la 03_o gaduanus_fw-la 22_o gadwallo_n 48_o the_o history_n of_o the_o british_a king_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o saxon_n with_o some_o necessary_a observation_n upon_o the_o monument_n of_o stone-henge_n part_v whereof_o still_o remain_v upon_o salisbury-plain_a in_o the_o county_n of_o wilts_n this_o catalogue_n of_o the_o british_a king_n be_v the_o sacred_a relic_n of_o that_o memorable_a and_o scatter_a state_n only_o remain_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o saxon_n into_o this_o kingdom_n who_o for_o several_a year_n after_o their_o invasion_n evidence_v not_o only_o their_o affection_n to_o their_o country_n in_o maintain_v considerable_a opposition_n against_o their_o enemy_n but_o justify_v also_o their_o temper_n and_o spirit_n to_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o the_o undertake_n of_o their_o predecessor_n constantine_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o london_n make_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o britain_n after_o his_o banishment_n enter_v the_o isle_n upon_o certain_a term_n and_o condition_n beforehand_o conclude_v and_o confirm_v with_o a_o army_n by_o who_o power_n and_o assistance_n be_v give_v to_o the_o enemy_n a_o considerable_a

overthrow_n but_o the_o scotch_a writer_n seem_v to_o grasp_v all_o to_o their_o own_o honour_n make_v themselves_o sole_a master_n of_o that_o day_n enterprise_n and_o yet_o confess_v that_o they_o lose_v dongard_n their_o king_n in_o the_o same_o battle_n but_o as_o the_o story_n go_v for_o the_o general_a part_n after_o the_o britain_n have_v obtain_v the_o victory_n they_o convey_v their_o general_n constantine_n to_o chichester_n and_o there_o according_a to_o their_o promise_n crown_v he_o king_n this_o establishment_n spirit_v not_o a_o little_a the_o king_n to_o rule_v his_o people_n noble_o and_o just_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o assault_n of_o their_o enemy_n this_o constantine_n as_o some_o think_v be_v slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o vortigern_n of_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v particular_o in_o this_o place_n to_o show_v by_o what_o way_n and_o device_n ambition_n advance_v vortigern_n to_o the_o imperial_a government_n for_o 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which_o think_v he_o be_v a_o very_a good_a preparation_n for_o i_o more_o insensible_o to_o the_o world_n to_o invest_v myself_o not_o only_o with_o the_o robe_n but_o authority_n of_o my_o sovereign_n and_o at_o last_o indeed_o so_o it_o prove_v for_o abuse_v the_o mild_a nature_n and_o good_a disposition_n of_o the_o king_n in_o a_o short_a time_n grasp_v both_o power_n and_o sovereignty_n into_o his_o own_o possession_n the_o guardian_n of_o his_o two_o brother_n aurellus_n ambrose_n and_o uter_n surname_v spirit_n pendragon_n be_v too_o sensible_a of_o vortigern_n fraudulent_a deportment_n hurry_v they_o away_o into_o brittany_n in_o france_n to_o aldrogius_fw-la although_o the_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n perceive_v not_o his_o delusion_n think_v very_o that_o what_o he_o act_v be_v out_o of_o a_o honest_a and_o sincere_a principle_n more_o to_o protect_v the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n than_o any_o advance_v of_o his_o own_o power_n or_o interest_n but_o the_o conclusion_n prove_v to_o the_o contrary_a for_o after_o by_o a_o new_a plot_n he_o have_v procure_v also_o constantius_n to_o be_v make_v away_o the_o better_a to_o gild_v over_o his_o own_o innocency_n prosecute_v several_a of_o the_o innocent_a scot_n with_o death_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v in_o suspicion_n only_o of_o be_v concern_v in_o murder_v the_o king_n this_o so_o infinite_o please_v the_o people_n that_o when_o they_o meet_v to_o choose_v a_o new_a king_n by_o reason_n constantius_n two_o brother_n be_v in_o france_n and_o beside_o too_o green_a in_o year_n to_o govern_v he_o complemented_a some_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n to_o join_v with_o the_o commonalty_n especial_o such_o as_o he_o know_v have_v a_o good_a opinion_n of_o he_o to_o elect_v he_o for_o their_o sovereign_n say_v it_o will_v conduce_v much_o to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o people_n and_o consequent_o preserve_v peace_n in_o that_o disturb_a age_n infer_v moreover_o that_o they_o have_v no_o just_a cause_n to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o jealous_a of_o he_o who_o have_v give_v they_o such_o frequent_a testimony_n of_o his_o honest_a deportment_n care_n and_o loyalty_n so_o that_o manage_v his_o business_n so_o crasty_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o so_o rude_a and_o credulous_a a_o age_n shall_v pry_v and_o dive_v into_o his_o so_o sudden_a design_n but_o must_v be_v answer_v in_o their_o desire_n in_o complete_n he_o their_o absolute_a monarch_n who_o after_o receive_v the_o kingdom_n into_o his_o protection_n the_o better_a to_o secure_v to_o himself_o the_o continuance_n of_o his_o ill-gotten_a power_n strengthen_v the_o tower_n of_o london_n with_o a_o considerable_a garrison_n after_o that_o he_o record_v the_o better_a to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o the_o people_n in_o a_o list_v all_o his_o especial_a favourite_n that_o have_v promise_v he_o to_o assist_v the_o severe_a prosecution_n of_o constantine_n and_o his_o son_n adherent_n but_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n hear_v how_o unjust_o the_o new_a british_a king_n have_v deal_v with_o their_o countryman_n rise_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o he_o who_o reduce_v the_o britain_n to_o that_o extremity_n and_o sorrow_n that_o for_o that_o instant_n of_o time_n they_o know_v no_o certain_a expedient_a to_o prevent_v their_o attend_a distraction_n after_o the_o depose_n of_o vortigern_n enter_v his_o son_n vortimer_n upon_o the_o government_n but_o after_o a_o few_o year_n reign_v his_o father_n again_o be_v restore_v vortimer_n salutation_n soon_o after_o his_o reception_n by_o the_o people_n be_v with_o a_o new_a raise_v war_n against_o the_o saxon_n which_o happen_v in_o several_a battle_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o treat_v in_o brief_a the_o first_o encounter_n be_v near_o the_o river_n derwent_n where_o he_o give_v the_o saxon_n a_o great_a overthrow_n the_o second_o at_o hedgestake_n episford_n in_o which_o battle_n catigern_n vortimer_n brother_n and_o horsus_n the_o brother_n of_o hengist_n fly_v each_o other_o but_o this_o victory_n as_o the_o british_a history_n will_v have_v it_o must_v be_v allow_v then_o also_o the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o britain_n fight_v they_o by_o the_o seaside_n and_o drive_v they_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o tenet_n also_o at_o colemore_n where_o after_o a_o sharp_a contest_v the_o britain_n again_o have_v the_o better_a of_o they_o beside_o these_o vortimer_n fight_v they_o in_o be_v kent_n at_o thetford_n in_o norfolk_n also_o not_o far_o from_o colchester_n in_o fssex_n but_o the_o place_n where_o and_o time_n when_o i_o have_v not_o see_v record_v rowena_n the_o wife_n of_o vortigern_n perceive_v that_o the_o fortunate_a success_n of_o her_o son_n undertake_n will_v whole_o destroy_v her_o husband_n interest_n by_o contrive_v his_o death_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o current_n of_o his_o achieve_v greatness_n which_o prove_v a_o mean_n too_o to_o conclude_v the_o trouble_n of_o a_o six_o year_n government_n for_o be_v destroy_v by_o rowena_n to_o preserve_v she_o own_o interest_n vortigern_n be_v again_o restore_v during_o the_o time_n of_o who_o banishment_n he_o make_v his_o abode_n in_o wales_n where_o he_o build_v a_o castle_n upon_o the_o mountain_n cloaricus_n call_v seneron_n or_o guanercu_n because_o it_o stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n guana_n but_o whether_o build_v at_o his_o first_o or_o second_o entrance_n into_o wales_n author_n differ_v the_o time_n of_o this_o his_o restauration_n seem_v according_a to_o some_o relater_n to_o be_v in_o the_o day_n of_o hengist_n for_o it_o be_v say_v that_o so_o soon_o as_o hengist_n be_v advise_v of_o vortigern_n reception_n he_o collect_v together_o a_o great_a army_n but_o hear_v the_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n in_o all_o probability_n be_v likely_a to_o overpower_v he_o he_o send_v for_o vortigern_n to_o meet_v he_o upon_o salisbury-plain_a with_o the_o chief_a of_o his_o nobility_n unarm_v on_o purpose_n as_o he_o pretend_v to_o treat_v for_o peace_n but_o hengist_n intend_v treachery_n that_o what_o he_o can_v not_o obtain_v by_o force_n he_o will_v compel_v by_o policy_n secret_o advise_v his_o associate_n to_o put_v under_o their_o long_a coat_n crooked_a knife_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o watchword_n be_v give_v they_o be_v to_o execute_v their_o but_o cherry_n upon_o the_o british_a nobility_n and_o their_o attendant_n which_o as_o the_o story_n be_v relate_v be_v execute_v upon_o all_o save_o vortigern_n hedgestake_n eldol_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n make_v his_o escape_n who_o only_o be_v conclude_v shall_v be_v take_v prisoner_n the_o better_a to_o qualify_v the_o rage_n and_o fury_n of_o the_o britain_n against_o he_o the_o king_n to_o redeem_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o saxon_a captivity_n deliver_v to_o they_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o three_o province_n william_n of_o malmsbury_n seem_v to_o believe_v this_o massacre_n of_o the_o britain_n to_o be_v act_v at_o a_o banquet_n unto_o which_o hengist_n have_v invite_v the_o

his_o derivation_n it_o be_v this_o oden_n hafwet_a thenna_n lagh_n uthi_fw-la sweriges_fw-la riike_a stichtat_fw-la at_o all_fw-ge dode_v skulle_n sampt_v medh_fw-mi all_fw-ge siine_n agodelac_n och_v loosorer_n besinnerligha_fw-mi medh_fw-mi peningar_fw-la upbrande_n blifwa_fw-mi meenandes_fw-fr theras_n tilkom_v thes_n vehage_n lighare_n blifwa_fw-mi gudhomen_fw-mi effter_o some_o eelden_a meera_fw-mi aghodelar_a medh_fw-mi thecasdoda_fw-it kroppar_fw-la fortarde_a man_n till_o even_o ewigh_a aminuelse_n skulle_v the_o ofwan_n pa_z the_o ronuhzligha_n och_fw-fr forsteligha_n begraffningar_fw-la forsambla_fw-fr stoora_fw-la jordhoghar_n och_fw-fr hwilke_n myckitt_fw-ge get_fw-mi hafwa_fw-mi efter_o sigh_v latit_fw-la they_o upreeste_n the_o hoga_fw-la runasteenar_n ofwer_n siina_fw-la begraffuingar_fw-la woden_n enact_v a_o law_n that_o the_o dead_a shall_v be_v burn_v with_o all_o their_o movable_n especial_o their_o money_n deem_v that_o they_o will_v be_v more_o welcome_a to_o the_o god_n with_o who_o 3._o corpse_n the_o fire_n consume_v most_o good_n as_o likewise_o he_o ordain_v that_o over_o the_o grave_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n they_o shall_v raise_v huge_a heap_n of_o earth_n for_o a_o everlasting_a remembrance_n and_o over_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o such_o who_o have_v perform_v great_a achievement_n they_o shall_v erect_v high_a staff_n inscribe_v with_o runick_a character_n this_o be_v the_o only_a primitive_a use_n of_o the_o runick_a write_v as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o namely_o to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o great_a person_n and_o so_o deliver_v their_o deed_n to_o posterity_n but_o when_o the_o people_n be_v once_o persuade_v that_o such_o stone_n set_v up_o have_v power_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o enemy_n mere_o by_o the_o virtue_n and_o force_n of_o the_o character_n engrave_v on_o they_o as_o likewise_o the_o song_n compose_v in_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o the_o praise_n of_o their_o virtue_n have_v not_o only_o force_v to_o stir_v up_o virtue_n in_o the_o hearer_n but_o by_o mere_o wear_v they_o in_o battle_n will_v render_v a_o man_n fortunate_a in_o fight_n and_o invulnerable_a then_o it_o be_v the_o word_n runa_fw-la signify_v before_o nothing_o but_o the_o getick_a character_n come_v to_o imply_v charm_n and_o incantation_n and_o the_o word_n runasten_v and_o adelrunae_fw-la to_o have_v evil_a signification_n this_o change_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o character_n from_o plain_o write_v the_o sense_n of_o thing_n to_o form_v mysterious_a incantation_n be_v by_o some_o attribute_v to_o woden_n wherefore_o they_o call_v he_o in_o this_o sense_n runhotdi_n that_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o the_o run_v but_o the_o runick_a character_n be_v long_o before_o his_o time_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o edda_n cite_v by_o wormius_n which_o attribute_n the_o invention_n of_o it_o to_o the_o god_n the_o delivery_n to_o one_o fimbul_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o engrave_v that_o be_v the_o use_n of_o 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can_v

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britain_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o cup_n the_o saxon_n cavil_v at_o word_n and_o pick_v small_a occasion_n of_o quarrel_n provoke_v or_o provoke_v at_o last_o at_o the_o watchword_n give_v nienet_fw-la cor_fw-la seares_n at_o once_o draw_v their_o dagger_n and_o dispatch_v three_o hundred_o of_o the_o assembly_n the_o king_n they_o keep_v in_o custody_n for_o who_o ransom_n hengist_n receive_v a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o kent_n and_o a_o new_a addition_n of_o three_o province_n afterward_o call_v essex_n sussex_n and_o middlesex_n vortigern_n set_v at_o liberty_n upon_o these_o term_n retire_v to_o his_o solitary_a abode_n in_o the_o county_n of_o guorthigirniaun_n so_o call_v by_o his_o name_n thence_o to_o a_o castle_n of_o his_o own_o build_n in_o north-wales_n upon_o the_o river_n tirby_n where_o he_o perish_v at_o last_o by_o fire_n from_o heaven_n as_o some_o write_v other_o by_o ambrostus_n

see_v a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o three_o of_o may_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o a_o grievous_a dearth_n and_o pestilence_n begin_v in_o the_o south_n part_n but_o spread_v to_o the_o north_n and_o over_o all_o ireland_n with_o great_a mortality_n sighere_o and_o his_o people_n unsteady_a in_o faith_n attribute_v this_o plague_n to_o the_o displeasure_n of_o their_o old_a god_n and_o return_v again_o to_o their_o superstition_n build_v up_o their_o altar_n and_o erect_v their_o image_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v down_o which_o when_o wulfur_n the_o mercian_n come_v to_o understand_v he_o send_v jaruman_n a_o godly_a bishop_n who_o by_o faithful_a endeavour_n in_o that_o kind_n soon_o recover_v they_o of_o this_o second_o apostasy_n but_o sebba_n with_o those_o under_o his_o command_n hold_v steadfast_a in_o the_o faith_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o sighere_o reign_v many_o year_n until_o weary_a of_o the_o trouble_n of_o this_o world_n he_o resign_v his_o crown_n 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son_n of_o sigibert_n the_o good_a come_v at_o length_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o 709._o he_o hold_v thirty_o eight_o year_n and_o then_o die_v a_o violent_a death_n but_o how_o or_o from_o who_o receive_v be_v not_o report_v leave_v no_o issue_n behind_o he_o suthred_a suthred_a the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n 747._o by_o egbert_n the_o west-saxon_a monarch_n at_o which_o time_n this_o province_n with_o other_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o all_o the_o principality_n of_o the_o saxon_n this_o have_v be_v most_o unstable_a in_o the_o faith_n have_v twice_o fall_v into_o open_a apostasy_n and_o this_o perhaps_o may_v be_v the_o true_a reason_n that_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v the_o most_o inglorious_a be_v tributary_n throughout_o to_o one_o prince_n or_o other_o and_o never_o able_a to_o stand_v upon_o its_o own_o foot_n by_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n who_o visit_v their_o sin_n upon_o they_o that_o they_o 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and_o the_o country_n adjoin_v lie_v open_a to_o their_o far_a progress_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o admirable_a advantage_n it_o be_v continual_o in_o a_o pine_a condition_n scarce_o able_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o name_n of_o a_o province_n much_o less_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o in_o its_o final_a surrender_n to_o egbert_n hardly_o afford_v a_o good_a morsel_n to_o that_o conqueror_n for_o london_n obey_v the_o mercian_n go_v not_o along_o with_o it_o but_o hold_v out_o with_o the_o country_n near_o adjacent_a it_o cost_v some_o more_o time_n in_o the_o gain_n of_o it_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a contain_a county_n surry_n sussex_n king_n ella_n cissa_n edilwalch_n ella_n the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a be_v precedent_n to_o the_o former_a in_o time_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o its_o action_n but_o not_o continuance_n of_o its_o 492._o dominion_n for_o as_o it_o be_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o so_o it_o be_v the_o soon_a of_o all_o 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general_o report_v that_o ella_n take_v upon_o he_o kingly_a dignity_n namely_o three_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hengist_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 492_o for_o the_o difference_n of_o computation_n herein_o be_v not_o great_a unless_o we_o follow_v they_o who_o confound_v the_o time_n of_o his_o entrance_n with_o that_o wherein_o he_o assume_v power_n ella_n grow_v great_a with_o conquest_n and_o recruit_n take_v his_o son_n cissa_n with_o he_o besieges_fw-fr andredchester_n the_o chief_a rendezvous_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o nettle_v with_o the_o thought_n to_o see_v their_o principal_a garrison_n invade_v and_o weigh_v the_o fatal_a consequence_n if_o it_o shall_v fall_v into_o his_o hand_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o other_o place_n considerable_a leave_v they_o in_o the_o south_n gather_v from_o all_o part_n and_o strive_v if_o possible_a to_o

the_o heart_n and_o flesh_n of_o all_o rejoice_v in_o the_o live_a god_n who_o by_o his_o heavenly_a grace_n have_v not_o only_o enrich_v they_o with_o internal_a but_o external_a blessing_n also_o this_o prelate_n at_o his_o first_o come_v into_o the_o province_n see_v the_o plague_n of_o famine_n so_o great_a have_v teach_v they_o to_o get_v sustenance_n by_o fish_v for_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fish_n but_o their_o skill_n extend_v only_o to_o the_o catch_n of_o eel_n have_v therefore_o gather_v together_o many_o eele-net_n they_o cast_v they_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o divine_a assistance_n present_o catch_v three_o hundred_o fish_n of_o divers_a kind_n which_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n they_o give_v a_o hundred_o to_o the_o poor_a a_o hundred_o to_o they_o of_o who_o they_o have_v borrow_v the_o net_n and_o a_o hundred_o they_o reserve_v for_o their_o own_o use_n by_o which_o benefit_n this_o prelate_n gain_v the_o affection_n of_o every_o one_o towards_o he_o and_o they_o be_v easy_o bring_v by_o his_o preach_a to_o hope_v for_o eternal_a thing_n by_o who_o ministry_n they_o have_v receive_v temporal_a at_o which_o time_n king_n edilwalch_n give_v by_o donation_n to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n wilfrid_n land_n of_o eighty_o seven_o family_n where_o he_o may_v receive_v his_o own_o people_n who_o wander_v about_o in_o exile_n that_o be_v to_o say_v seolesu_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v insula_fw-la vituli_fw-la marini_fw-la the_o place_n be_v every_o where_o surround_v with_o the_o sea_n save_v on_o the_o west_n sussex_n where_o it_o have_v a_o passage_n of_o about_o a_o stone_n cast_v wide_a this_o place_n when_o wilfred_n have_v receive_v he_o found_v there_o a_o monastery_n for_o priest_n regular_a place_v therein_o such_o especial_o who_o he_o have_v bring_v with_o he_o which_o to_o this_o day_n his_o successor_n hold_v for_o he_o live_v in_o those_o part_n five_o year_n i._n e._n till_o the_o death_n of_o king_n elfrid_n worthy_o honour_v by_o all_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o a_o bishop_n both_o in_o word_n and_o deed_n and_o because_o the_o king_n together_o with_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o same_o place_n have_v grant_v he_o all_o the_o demesne_n with_o the_o land_n and_o tenant_n he_o baptize_v they_o all_o into_o the_o christian_a faith_n among_o which_o many_o man_n and_o maid_n servant_n to_o the_o number_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o he_o not_o only_o by_o baptism_n deliver_v from_o the_o slavery_n of_o satan_n but_o by_o give_v they_o freedom_n release_v they_o from_o the_o yoke_n of_o human_a bondage_n the_o conversion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o wight_n after_o ceadvalla_fw-la have_v obtain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n he_o take_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n which_o hitherto_o be_v general_o give_v to_o idolatry_n by_o tragical_a slaughter_n 16._o he_o endeavour_v to_o root_v out_o the_o native_n and_o in_o their_o place_n plant_v people_n of_o his_o own_o province_n oblige_v himself_o by_o a_o vow_n though_o as_o yet_o not_o baptize_v as_o be_v report_v that_o if_o he_o take_v the_o say_a island_n he_o will_v give_v the_o four_o part_n of_o it_o and_o the_o spoil_n to_o holy_a use_n which_o he_o likewise_o perform_v grant_v it_o to_o wilfred_n the_o bishop_n who_o be_v then_o by_o chance_n come_v thither_o from_o his_o own_o country_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o island_n according_a to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o english_a be_v a_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o family_n out_o of_o which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o bishop_n the_o possession_n of_o three_o hundred_o but_o that_o part_n which_o he_o receive_v he_o bestow_v on_o one_o of_o his_o clergy_n by_o name_n bernuvin_n his_o sister_n son_n assign_v he_o a_o priest_n call_v hildila_n who_o shall_v administer_v the_o word_n and_o sacrament_n to_o all_o such_o as_o desire_a salvation_n where_o i_o think_v it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o in_o silence_n how_o that_o for_o the_o first_o fruit_n of_o they_o who_o of_o the_o island_n by_o believe_v be_v save_v two_o young_a prince_n brother_n of_o arwald_n king_n of_o the_o island_n by_o the_o special_a favour_n of_o god_n be_v first_o crown_v for_o the_o enemy_n approach_v they_o get_v out_o of_o the_o island_n and_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o next_o province_n of_o the_o vite_n where_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o place_n call_v stoneham_n ad_fw-la lapidem_fw-la and_o think_v themselves_o hide_v cambden_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o conqueror_n they_o be_v betray_v and_o command_v to_o be_v stain_n which_o when_o a_o priest_n and_o abbot_n by_o name_n cimber_v come_v to_o understand_v have_v not_o far_o off_o a_o monastery_n in_o a_o place_n call_v cambden_n reodford_n he_o come_v to_o the_o king_n who_o then_o lay_v in_o those_o part_n incognito_o under_o the_o cure_n of_o his_o wound_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v in_o fight_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o desire_v of_o he_o that_o if_o of_o necessity_n the_o youth_n must_v die_v they_o may_v first_o be_v baptize_v with_o the_o sacrament_n of_o christian_a faith_n the_o king_n grant_v it_o and_o he_o instruct_v they_o in_o the_o word_n of_o truthi_a and_o wash_v they_o in_o the_o fountain_n of_o life_n give_v they_o certain_a assurance_n of_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o eternal_a kingdom_n which_o do_v they_o joyful_o receive_v at_o the_o executioner_n hand_n a_o temporal_a death_n by_o which_o they_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o pass_v to_o life_n everlasting_a in_o this_o order_n therefore_o after_o all_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n have_v embrace_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n the_o isle_n of_o wight_n also_o receive_v it_o in_o which_o island_n not_o withstand_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o external_a subjection_n none_o ever_o take_v the_o dignity_n of_o a_o episcopal_n see_v and_o jurisdiction_n before_o daniel_n the_o present_a bishop_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n and_o geviss_n by_o this_o last_o relation_n of_o bede_n the_o isle_n of_o wight_n have_v not_o receive_v the_o faith_n till_o after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o king_n edilwalch_n and_o the_o arrival_n of_o ceadwalla_n though_o other_o relate_v otherwise_o as_o have_v be_v show_v before_o for_o edilwalch_n assist_v the_o westsaxon_n against_o ceadwalla_n be_v slay_v by_o he_o before_o he_o the_o say_v ceadwalla_n have_v invade_v the_o south-saxons_a and_o in_o this_o prince_n end_v the_o royal_a stem_n of_o the_o south-saxon_a king_n but_o after_o his_o death_n two_o duke_n of_o this_o province_n berthun_n and_o authun_n assume_v the_o power_n to_o themselves_o and_o in_o some_o conflict_n repel_v ceadwald_n with_o loss_n but_o he_o have_v unite_v his_o subject_n and_o gather_v more_o force_n return_v upon_o they_o and_o with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o berthun_n total_o subdue_v the_o whole_a country_n which_o with_o the_o uttermost_a violence_n of_o a_o conqueror_n he_o bring_v into_o miserable_a thraldom_n thus_o they_o who_o receive_v the_o faith_n last_o be_v the_o first_o who_o be_v bring_v to_o subjection_n long_o before_o hand_n lead_v the_o dance_n to_o other_o kingdom_n who_o be_v to_o follow_v in_o the_o universal_a obedience_n to_o the_o western-monarchy_n the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n contain_a counties_n yorkshire_n durham_n loncashire_n westmoreland_n cumberland_n northumberland_n king_n ida._n ella_n ethelric_n edelfrid_n edwin_n osric_z the_o first_o eanfrid_n oswald_n oswy_fw-fr egfrid_n alkfryd_n osred_a the_o first_o kenred_n osric_z the_o second_o ceolwulf_n egbert_n oswulf_n ethelwald_n alcred_a ethelred_n i._n elfwald_n osred_a the_o second_o ethelred_n ii_o ida_n the_o first_o settlement_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o these_o part_n we_o may_v remember_v be_v under_o octa_n and_o ebissa_n the_o one_o the_o son_n the_o other_o the_o nephew_n of_o king_n hengist_n who_o be_v call_v over_o in_o the_o day_n of_o vortigern_n by_o his_o leave_n land_v about_o humber_n and_o not_o long_o after_o sail_v to_o the_o orcades_n with_o forty_o ship_n subdue_v all_o the_o northern_a tract_n and_o at_o last_o fix_v themselves_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o be_v now_o call_v northumberland_n these_o transaction_n happen_v about_o the_o year_n 450_o since_o which_o time_n till_o the_o year_n 547_o we_o hear_v nothing_o of_o they_o but_o that_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n quiet_o possess_v and_o enjoy_v what_o by_o force_n they_o have_v win_v of_o the_o britain_n but_o still_o pay_v homage_n to_o kent_n though_o far_o distant_a as_o to_o the_o elder_a family_n but_o now_o about_o this_o bernicia_n year_n one_o ida_n the_o ten_o from_o woden_n begin_v to_o set_v up_o a_o separate_a kingdom_n in_o northumberland_n call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bernicia_n and_o to_o assume_v absolute_a royalty_n to_o himself_o what_o his_o title_n be_v or_o whether_o he_o get_v it_o by_o election_n or_o usurpation_n

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cambden_n the_o river_n aven_n carry_v a_o still_a stream_n and_o no_o soon_o run_v into_o this_o shore_n but_o it_o meet_v belgis_n with_o the_o ford_n of_o cerdicus_fw-la in_o old_a time_n cerdicsford_n afterward_o cerdeford_n and_o now_o by_o contraction_n of_o the_o word_n chardford_n so_o name_v of_o cerdic_n that_o warlike_a english_a saxon_n for_o here_o the_o say_a cerdic_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n so_o daunt_v the_o britain_n that_o not_o only_o he_o enlarge_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o empire_n but_o also_o deliver_v a_o easy_a war_n unto_o his_o posterity_n have_v before_o time_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o salvation_n 508_o after_o great_a conflict_n in_o his_o tract_n vanquish_v the_o most_o mighty_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n natanleod_n call_v also_o nazaleod_n by_o other_o with_o many_o of_o his_o people_n of_o who_o name_n likewise_o a_o small_a region_n reach_v unto_o this_o place_n be_v term_v natanleod_n as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n which_o i_o seek_v very_o curious_o for_o but_o hitherto_o can_v not_o find_v so_o much_o as_o any_o small_a sign_n or_o sample_n of_o that_o name_n neither_o can_v i_o guess_v who_o that_o natanleod_n shall_v be_v this_o seem_v natural_o to_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o foresay_a action_n be_v perform_v for_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o name_n the_o place_n itself_o lie_v at_o a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o south-saxons_a new_a acquest_n it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o cerdic_n will_v not_o go_v much_o further_o but_o rather_o sit_v down_o at_o such_o a_o convenient_a distance_n where_o he_o may_v give_v or_o receive_v assistance_n as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v from_o his_o countryman_n already_o settle_v it_o be_v therefore_o grant_v that_o this_o charford_n be_v the_o ancient_a cerdicsford_n let_v we_o see_v if_o we_o can_v find_v cerdic-shoar_n also_o upon_o this_o coast._n for_o since_o his_o nephew_n be_v say_v to_o land_n at_o cerdics-shoar_n and_o bring_v he_o thither_o new_a supply_n after_o his_o battle_n at_o cerdicsford_n either_o cerdics-shoar_n must_v be_v nigh_o this_o cerdicsford_n or_o else_o they_o must_v land_v at_o cerdic_n shore_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o so_o through_o the_o enemy_n country_n march_v to_o cerdicsford_n in_o hantshire_n which_o be_v fondness_n to_o suppose_v or_o last_o the_o whole_a action_n must_v be_v lay_v at_o yarmouth_n which_o will_v not_o suit_v with_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o western_a kingdom_n i_o have_v seek_v many_o place_n on_o this_o coast_n of_o hantshire_n but_o can_v find_v none_o that_o answer_v exact_o to_o the_o name_n of_o cerdic_n but_o allow_v that_o cerdicford_n as_o mr._n cambden_n say_v make_v charford_n we_o find_v another_o place_n of_o the_o same_o name_n not_o far_o off_o upon_o the_o seaside_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o purbek_n in_o dorsetshire_n and_o norwe_v of_o pool_n a_o town_n call_v charborough_n as_o much_o as_o cherdic-borough_n but_o herein_o i_o desire_v not_o to_o be_v too_o fanciful_a but_o certain_a it_o be_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o our_o historian_n where_o ever_o cerdicsford_n lie_v cerdics-shoar_n be_v not_o far_o distant_a though_o the_o name_n be_v now_o wear_v out_o and_o perhaps_o the_o place_n aforemention_v as_o likewise_o charmouth_n by_o lime_n may_v give_v some_o satisfaction_n that_o this_o be_v the_o coast._n mr._n speed_v with_o who_o nothing_o will_v go_v down_o of_o the_o british_a history_n whilst_o he_o follow_v the_o light_n of_o mr._n cambden_n now_o he_o be_v leave_v to_o himself_o in_o the_o saxon_a swallow_v whatever_o any_o fabulous_a monk_n trivial_a legend_n or_o his_o brother_n stow_n impose_v upon_o he_o from_o they_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o he_o report_v that_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o it_o by_o cerdic_n be_v give_v to_o his_o nephew_n stuff_v and_o withgar_n the_o late_a of_o which_o slay_v the_o jahabitant_n thereof_o and_o name_v the_o place_n of_o his_o victory_n withgarbirg_n and_o afterward_o reign_v king_n there_o be_v after_o his_o death_n bury_v in_o his_o royal_a city_n withgar_n this_o be_v a_o reach_n i_o suppose_v whoever_o be_v inventor_n to_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o the_o island_n for_o in_o authentic_a story_n we_o find_v no_o such_o relation_n cerdic_n have_v issue_n two_o son_n kenric_n and_o chelwolf_n the_o former_a succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n chelwolf_n die_v before_o his_o father_n but_o leave_v a_o son_n of_o who_o race_n afterward_o sit_v upon_o the_o throne_n cerdic_n reign_v nineteen_o year_n after_o he_o have_v assume_v royal_a title_n and_o leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n kenric_n kenric_n kenric_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o cerdic_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n twice_o he_o fight_v the_o britain_n and_o foil_v they_o once_o at_o searesbirig_n now_o salisbury_n 533._o in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o four_o year_n after_o at_o beranvirig_n now_o banbury_n accompany_v with_o his_o son_n ceaulin_n in_o this_o field_n the_o britain_n say_v huntingdon_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o battalion_n but_o the_o saxon_a charge_v in_o one_o main_a body_n the_o success_n say_v he_o be_v doubtful_a on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o night_n part_v they_o kenric_n reign_v twenty_o seven_o year_n and_o have_v three_o son_n ceaulin_n cuthwolf_n and_o cuth_o the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v notable_a in_o his_o issue_n for_o his_o elder_a son_n come_v to_o be_v king_n the_o second_o be_v father_n the_o three_o grandfather_n of_o a_o king_n as_o in_o the_o follow_a history_n will_v appear_v ceaulin_n ceaulin_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o kenric_n his_o father_n dead_a enter_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o employ_v his_o arm_n against_o young_a 560._o ethelbert_n of_o kent_n who_o as_o have_v be_v relate_v aspire_v to_o a_o universal_a monarchy_n and_o force_v he_o to_o sit_v down_o quiet_a with_o the_o harass_n of_o his_o country_n and_o the_o death_n of_o two_o of_o his_o chief_a earl_n in_o his_o ten_o year_n he_o manage_v his_o war_n by_o his_o brother_n cuthwolf_n who_o encounter_v the_o britain_n at_o bedanford_n now_o bedford_n give_v they_o a_o great_a defeat_n and_o take_v four_o town_n from_o they_o liganborough_n egelsborough_n or_o allsbury_n besington_n now_o benson_n in_o oxfordshire_n and_o ignesham_n or_o evesham_n but_o he_o outlive_v not_o long_o his_o good_a success_n but_o leave_v a_o son_n behind_o he_o who_o succeed_v his_o uncle_n in_o the_o kingdom_n cuthwolf_n dead_a ceaulin_n in_o person_n with_o his_o son_n cuthwin_n undertake_v the_o war_n and_o about_o the_o year_n 581_o at_o a_o place_n call_v diorth_o deorrham_n in_o glocestershire_n he_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n slay_v in_o one_o battle_n three_o british_a king_n coinmagil_n condidan_n and_o farimnagil_n which_o good_a success_n be_v attend_v with_o the_o surrender_n of_o as_o many_o city_n badencester_n gloucester_n and_o cireneester_fw-mi about_o five_o year_n after_o at_o a_o place_n call_v fedanly_a or_o fechanly_n possible_o about_o fekenham_n forest_n in_o worcestershire_n he_o again_o meet_v the_o britain_n but_o not_o with_o like_a success_n for_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n give_v a_o clear_a victory_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o huntingdon_n allow_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o day_n to_o be_v they_o for_o with_o the_o death_n of_o cuthwin_n the_o saxon_n be_v whole_o put_v to_o rout_n but_o ceaulin_n rally_v his_o scatter_a force_n not_o only_o put_v stop_n to_o the_o pursuit_n but_o as_o that_o author_n write_v recover_v a_o entire_a victory_n with_o the_o purchase_n over_o and_o above_o of_o many_o town_n and_o large_a territory_n but_o the_o sequel_n declare_v nothing_o less_o for_o the_o same_o year_n or_o not_o long_o after_o we_o find_v the_o britain_n again_o give_v he_o battle_n and_o that_o in_o wiltshire_n at_o

be_v sore_o discourage_v at_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o their_o design_n and_o see_v the_o enemy_n come_v up_o with_o great_a heat_n and_o resolution_n have_v bestow_v a_o few_o dart_n upon_o they_o they_o forsake_v the_o bank_n and_o retire_a i_o call_v this_o a_o retire_v rather_o than_o a_o flight_n because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o design_a purpose_n of_o cassibelan_n to_o enter_v into_o any_o close_a engagement_n with_o they_o which_o he_o must_v necessary_o have_v do_v have_v he_o continue_v too_o long_o in_o oppose_v their_o passage_n the_o legion_n come_v up_o apace_o and_o second_v their_o cavalry_n he_o therefore_o in_o time_n rid_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o bestow_v his_o force_n into_o wood_n and_o secret_a covert_n line_v with_o his_o horse_n and_o chariot_n the_o road_n through_o which_o he_o expect_v caesar_n will_v march_v drive_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o their_o cattle_n into_o place_n of_o security_n within_o the_o wood_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o roman_n be_v extreme_o straighten_v for_o want_n of_o provision_n and_o when_o their_o horse_n go_v out_o at_o any_o time_n to_o bring_v in_o any_o prey_n or_o booty_n and_o be_v scatter_v about_o to_o fetch_v in_o cattle_n which_o be_v leave_v here_o and_o there_o on_o purpose_n to_o tempt_v and_o invite_v they_o the_o britain_n through_o secret_a and_o by-path_n sally_v out_o upon_o they_o with_o their_o chariot_n and_o have_v make_v great_a slaughter_n again_o through_o hide_a way_n and_o only_o know_v to_o themselves_o retire_v to_o their_o main_a body_n so_o that_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o roman_a horse_n not_o dare_v any_o long_a to_o make_v any_o excursion_n or_o to_o stir_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v render_v unserviceable_a and_o the_o whole_a army_n keep_v together_o for_o their_o security_n can_v have_v nothing_o provide_v for_o they_o unless_o they_o all_o join_v entire_o in_o the_o seek_v it_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o britain_n prevent_v any_o broad_a destruction_n of_o their_o town_n and_o village_n and_o nothing_o be_v expose_v to_o plunder_v or_o burn_a but_o what_o lay_v just_a within_o the_o march_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n for_o sustenance_n they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o divide_v yet_o be_v the_o cavalry_n oblige_v to_o contain_v themselves_o to_o the_o dull_a and_o slow_a motion_n of_o the_o legionary_n and_o by_o plain_a force_n always_o but_o never_o by_o slight_a can_v wrest_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o britain_n amid_o all_o these_o difficulty_n caesar_n according_a to_o his_o usual_a fortune_n when_o his_o assair_n have_v the_o worst_a aspect_n receive_v welcome_a news_n of_o a_o dissension_n among_o the_o britain_n and_o joyful_a tiding_n of_o a_o supply_n for_o his_o half-starved_a army_n the_o trinobantes_n as_o it_o usual_o happen_v when_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o country_n proceed_v from_o itself_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o british_a state_n maintain_v a_o faction_n against_o cassibelan_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v heighten_v by_o a_o roman_a interest_n for_o they_o grow_v so_o high_a in_o these_o greivance_n that_o they_o send_v ambassador_n unto_o caesar_n to_o be_v relieve_v in_o they_o put_v themselves_o under_o his_o protection_n and_o promise_a subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a power_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o revolt_n be_v that_o cassibelan_n have_v slay_v immannentius_fw-la who_o they_o pretend_v be_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o force_v his_o son_n mandubratius_n who_o orosius_n call_v androgorius_n beda_n androgius_n to_o secure_v his_o life_n by_o flight_n into_o gallia_n they_o desire_v therefore_o that_o mandubratius_n may_v be_v rescue_v from_o the_o injustice_n of_o beda_n cassibelan_n and_o send_v to_o they_o to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o right_n and_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o his_o father_n mandubratius_n be_v then_o with_o caesar_n and_o without_o question_n be_v his_o great_a instrument_n in_o give_v light_n to_o he_o in_o many_o thing_n that_o conduce_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o his_o country_n for_o after_o his_o flight_n into_o gallia_n he_o apply_v himself_o unto_o caesar_n and_o be_v ever_o since_o his_o attendant_n in_o all_o his_o erterprise_n caesar_n have_v much_o oblige_v he_o by_o undertake_v his_o protection_n and_o revenge_v as_o he_o think_v the_o injury_n of_o cassibelan_n send_v home_o to_o the_o trinobantes_n have_v first_o demand_v forty_o hostage_n of_o they_o and_o provision_n for_o his_o whole_a army_n these_o condition_n be_v punctual_o perform_v on_o their_o part_n mandubratius_n without_o doubt_n return_v home_o with_o great_a praise_n and_o loud_a acclamation_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o generosity_n of_o the_o conqueror_n no_o wonder_n therefore_o especial_o lead_v by_o the_o example_n of_o so_o powerful_a a_o state_n that_o the_o cenimagni_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o icini_fw-la and_o regni_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v the_o cambden_n inhabitant_n of_o suffolk_n norfolk_z cambridgshire_n and_o huntingtonshire_n the_o latter_a of_o surrey_n and_o sussex_n and_o the_o seacoast_n of_o hampshire_n as_o likewise_o the_o ancalite_n possess_v that_o part_n now_o call_v the_o hundred_o of_o henly_n in_o oxfordshire_n the_o bibroci_n the_o hundred_o of_o bray_n in_o berkshire_n the_o cassi_n the_o hundred_o of_o caishow_n in_o herefordshire_n by_o their_o ambassador_n send_v their_o several_a resignation_n of_o their_o state_n unto_o caesar._n this_o dangerous_a revolt_n of_o such_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n put_v life_n into_o the_o design_n of_o caesar_n who_o but_o a_o little_a before_o by_o the_o weary_a proceed_n of_o cassibelan_n begin_v to_o lose_v all_o his_o hope_n of_o a_o speedy_a end_n of_o the_o war_n and_o will_v have_v be_v very_o willing_a with_o any_o tolerable_a condition_n to_o have_v rid_v himself_o of_o so_o troublesome_a and_o vexatious_a a_o enemy_n but_o now_o have_v make_v so_o great_a a_o party_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o be_v sufficient_o accommodate_v with_o provision_n he_o resolve_v to_o take_v his_o march_n direct_o to_o verulam_n not_o far_o from_o the_o now_o st._n alban_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o cassibelan_n be_v instruct_v by_o his_o new_a ally_n that_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a importance_n strong_o sortify_v with_o wood_n and_o marsh_n and_o full_a of_o man_n and_o cattle_n follow_v these_o guide_n he_o arrive_v at_o the_o place_n with_o his_o legion_n and_o find_v it_o as_o all_o the_o british_a town_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o mudwall_n and_o all_o the_o avenue_n block_v up_o with_o great_a tree_n lie_v over_o thwart_o they_o caesar_n give_v order_n for_o a_o storm_n to_o be_v make_v at_o two_o place_n at_o once_o which_o according_o be_v execute_v and_o with_o such_o valour_n and_o execution_n that_o after_o a_o small_a dispute_n on_o both_o side_n think_v it_o safe_a to_o quit_v the_o 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make_v some_o sudden_a attempt_n upon_o the_o camp_n wherein_o the_o roman_n have_v lodge_v their_o ship_n hope_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o drive_v caesar_n to_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o navy_n the_o kentish_a prince_n according_o raise_v the_o country_n and_o with_o great_a haste_n than_o good_a speed_n bring_v their_o raw_a and_o unskilled_a soldier_n before_o the_o roman_a trench_n for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v one_o sally_n with_o great_a slaughter_n and_o confusion_n they_o be_v total_o rout_v and_o cingetorix_n one_o of_o their_o prince_n take_v prisoner_n cassibelan_n immediate_o wait_v the_o success_n of_o this_o enterprise_n and_o take_v it_o into_o his_o consideration_n reserve_v as_o his_o last_o card_n be_v now_o inform_v of_o their_o defeat_n the_o calamity_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o more_o especial_o the_o treason_n and_o treachery_n of_o his_o revolt_a city_n and_o resolve_v at_o last_o to_o make_v condition_n himself_o after_o have_v perform_v what_o man_n can_v do_v

that_o dion_v a_o suppose_a king_n of_o britain_n or_o duke_n of_o cornwall_n who_o assist_v they_o hardly_o escape_v the_o battle_n but_o of_o any_o such_o person_n as_o dion_v rule_v in_o this_o island_n our_o history_n make_v no_o mention_n and_o very_o unlikely_a it_o be_v that_o they_o who_o but_o just_a now_o sue_v so_o earnest_o to_o rome_n for_o succour_v against_o the_o common_a enemy_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n shall_v now_o enter_v into_o league_n with_o they_o and_o oppose_v their_o friend_n who_o come_v so_o far_o and_o kind_o to_o relieve_v they_o as_o for_o dursius_fw-la and_o firgus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n the_o suppose_a leader_n of_o all_o these_o incursion_n into_o britain_n as_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n to_o gainsay_v their_o history_n so_o neither_o will_v i_o relate_v their_o action_n in_o particular_a although_o set_v down_o in_o the_o scottish_a history_n with_o exactness_n of_o circumstance_n namely_o their_o order_n of_o battle_n 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country_n north_n even_o unto_o the_o wall_n immediate_o seize_v and_o as_o natural_a inhabitant_n not_o fear_v any_o more_o to_o be_v dispossess_v plant_n and_o manure_v it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o who_o keep_v garrison_n on_o the_o wall_n like_o idle_a spectator_n and_o more_o dread_v to_o be_v assault_v than_o dare_v to_o oppose_v the_o grow_a enemy_n stand_v tremble_v and_o quake_v upon_o the_o battlement_n like_o man_n place_v rather_o to_o view_v their_o loss_n than_o to_o revenge_v they_o while_o day_n and_o night_n they_o keep_v ward_n in_o their_o station_n by_o continual_a behold_v their_o foe_n they_o conceive_v the_o more_o dreadful_a apprehension_n of_o they_o and_o by_o do_v nothing_o spend_v their_o spirit_n and_o grow_v idle_a thus_o stand_v with_o weapon_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o esteem_v it_o manhood_n sufficient_a if_o they_o do_v but_o face_n the_o invader_n they_o tame_o suffer_v the_o half-naked_n pict_n to_o come_v under_o the_o battlement_n and_o with_o their_o engine_n and_o hook_n to_o pull_v they_o down_o headlong_o the_o rest_n quit_v the_o wall_n betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n and_o leave_v the_o enemy_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o fronteir-city_n who_o have_v with_o such_o ease_n break_v into_o the_o province_n follow_v their_o fuccess_n with_o like_a vigour_n pursue_v the_o britain_n into_o the_o inland-country_n and_o make_v havoc_n and_o destruction_n wheresoever_o they_o come_v to_o the_o heap_n of_o these_o calamity_n without_o be_v add_v no_o less_o from_o within_o for_o the_o britain_n employ_v in_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o frontier_n have_v neglect_v the_o tyll_a ground_n upon_o which_o so_o great_a dearth_n and_o scarcity_n ensue_v that_o they_o be_v constrain_v for_o want_v of_o provision_n to_o rob_v and_o pillage_v each_o other_o they_o who_o come_v from_o the_o north_n as_o may_v probable_o be_v suppose_v and_o have_v flee_v from_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o able_a to_o buy_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o southern_a part_n seized_z what_o they_o can_v find_v upon_o which_o rise_v discord_n and_o animosity_n civil_a dissension_n and_o war_n for_o this_o nation_n as_o gildas_n observe_v though_o feeble_a in_o repress_v a_o enemy_n yet_o in_o homebred-quarrel_n be_v always_o gildas_n obstinate_a and_o hardy_a and_o now_o while_o they_o wear_v themselves_o out_o with_o continual_a act_n of_o hostility_n the_o famine_n grow_v general_a upon_o all_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v exhaust_v of_o bread_n the_o staff_n and_o strength_n of_o life_n and_o those_o miserable_a people_n that_o remain_v be_v force_v to_o maintain_v their_o life_n by_o hunt_v and_o such_o like_a prey_n as_o the_o wild_a forest_n will_v afford_v notwithstanding_o these_o great_a calamity_n and_o trouble_n in_o the_o state_n there_o happen_v new_a division_n in_o the_o church_n for_o heresy_n grow_v fast_o in_o distract_a time_n agricola_n the_o son_n of_o severianus_n a_o disciple_n of_o pelagius_n have_v spread_v his_o doctrine_n wide_a among_o the_o britain_n but_o the_o sound_a part_n dislike_a his_o opinion_n but_o not_o able_a to_o confute_v they_o beg_v assistance_n from_o the_o church_n in_o france_n who_o send_v they_o germanus_n bishop_n of_o auxere_fw-la and_o lupus_n of_o troy_n these_o come_n into_o britain_n by_o assiduous_a preach_v in_o church_n field_n and_o street_n and_o as_o some_o write_v by_o do_v miracle_n confirm_v many_o in_o the_o faith_n regain_v other_o and_o in_o a_o public_a disputation_n at_o verulam_n confute_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o heretic_n the_o time_n of_o germanus_n his_o arrival_n be_v uncertain_o guess_v at_o most_o probable_o in_o the_o year_n 430._o matthew_n of_o westminster_n place_v he_o under_o the_o year_n 446_o not_o long_o before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o indeed_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o he_o have_v to_o do_v westm_n with_o that_o nation_n here_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o sequel_n but_o that_o it_o be_v after_o they_o be_v call_v into_o this_o island_n under_o the_o lead_v of_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n and_o not_o before_o can_v be_v collect_v for_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n be_v no_o new_a thing_n before_o their_o public_a arrival_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v follow_v on_o the_o course_n of_o germanus_n his_o action_n in_o these_o trouble_a time_n not_o break_v they_o into_o part_n and_o parcel_n according_a to_o the_o confuse_a computation_n of_o this_o age_n take_v they_o out_o of_o constantius_n the_o writer_n of_o his_o life_n who_o live_v in_o the_o next_o age._n gildas_n the_o pict_n and_o saxon_n with_o joint_a force_n make_v daily_a inroad_n from_o the_o north_n those_o britain_n who_o for_o fear_n or_o hunger_n have_v not_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o enemy_n but_o stand_v daily_o upon_o their_o defence_n gather_v into_o a_o body_n from_o out_o of_o mountain_n cave_n and_o thick_a wood_n full_a of_o bush_n brier_n and_o bramble_n begin_v to_o march_v with_o all_o their_o strength_n against_o the_o enemy_n but_o jealous_a of_o their_o own_o power_n and_o it_o may_v be_v now_o as_o gildas_n write_v trust_v more_o on_o the_o assistance_n of_o god_n than_o man_n they_o send_v for_o germanus_n and_o his_o colleague_n in_o the_o strength_n of_o who_o prayer_n they_o have_v more_o confidence_n than_o in_o the_o number_n of_o their_o man_n be_v come_v their_o presence_n in_o the_o camp_n be_v no_o less_o than_o if_o a_o whole_a army_n be_v join_v to_o their_o assistance_n it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o lent_n when_o the_o people_n instruct_v by_o the_o daily_a sermon_n of_o these_o pastor_n come_v flock_v to_o receive_v baptism_n there_o be_v a_o place_n in_o the_o camp_n set_v apart_o for_o divine_a service_n and_o dress_v up_o with_o bough_n on_o easter-day_n the_o enemy_n have_v intelligence_n of_o this_o and_o think_v that_o the_o britain_n be_v more_o intent_n upon_o religion_n

ignorant_a of_o the_o diversity_n of_o action_n which_o as_o i_o say_v proceed_v from_o diversity_n of_o aera_n i_o will_v set_v they_o down_o distinct_o according_a to_o the_o most_o authentic_a historian_n bede_n and_o his_o follower_n reckon_v the_o year_n thus_o in_o the_o thirty_o first_o year_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a and_o of_o christ_n 430_o the_o britain_n crave_a assistance_n but_o in_o vain_a of_o aetius_n the_o three_o time_n consul_n thus_o bede_n but_o here_o may_v be_v inquire_v which_o be_v the_o principal_a aera_fw-la by_o which_o this_o account_n be_v make_v if_o it_o be_v the_o year_n of_o christ_n 430_o than_o the_o difference_n will_v be_v whether_o theodosius_n begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 399_o or_o 407_o which_o be_v eight_o year_n difference_n the_o aera_fw-la therefore_o must_v be_v bring_v from_o theodosius_n his_o reign_n for_o bede_n suppose_v he_o to_o have_v begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 399_o and_o in_o some_o copy_n of_o ninnius_n there_o be_v a_o note_n of_o computation_n adjoin_v which_o mr._n cambden_n say_v take_v away_o all_o scruple_n and_o clear_v all_o doubt_n which_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o have_v be_v anno_fw-la 407._o again_o if_o you_o make_v the_o chief_a aera_fw-la of_o this_o computation_n to_o be_v aetius_n three_o time_n consul_n the_o difference_n be_v great_a and_o we_o must_v now_o seek_v out_o the_o time_n from_o the_o kalendar_n of_o the_o counsel_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o three_o consulship_n of_o aetius_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o the_o thirty_o nine_o year_n of_o the_o say_v theodosius_n which_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o bede_n in_o the_o year_n 439_o and_o yet_o in_o that_o account_n be_v make_v after_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n 446_o and_o suppose_v theodosius_n to_o begin_v his_o reign_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n in_o ninnius_n in_o the_o year_n 407_o whereas_o according_a to_o bede_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o year_n 399._o thus_o much_o as_o to_o bede_n first_o account_n next_o he_o say_v under_o valentinian_n the_o three_o german_n once_o or_o twice_o come_v into_o britain_n and_o lead_v a_o army_n of_o britain_n against_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n here_o the_o computation_n must_v be_v make_v of_o valentinian_n the_o emperor_n and_o german_n the_o time_n of_o valentinian_n after_o theodosius_n be_v uncertain_a yet_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v after_o the_o year_n 446_o according_a to_o bede_n and_o yet_o german_a by_o approve_a author_n as_o mr._n cambden_n relate_v die_v in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 435._o ninnius_n write_v that_o german_a return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n after_o the_o death_n of_o vortigern_n now_o consider_v that_o vortigern_n call_v in_o the_o saxon_n and_o bede_n say_v that_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o martianus_n and_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 449_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n arrive_v in_o britain_n how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o german_a die_v in_o the_o year_n 435_o can_v return_v into_o his_o country_n after_o the_o death_n of_o vortigern_n who_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o year_n 449_o and_o live_v many_o year_n after_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 433_o prosper_v tyro_n who_o then_o live_v write_v that_o britain_n tyro_n after_o sundry_a overthrow_n be_v bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o saxon_n thus_o we_o see_v one_o computation_n draw_v we_o back_o while_o another_o set_v we_o forward_o while_o some_o reckon_v from_o christ_n some_o from_o theodosius_n some_o from_o aetius_n some_o from_o valentinian_n and_o martianus_n and_o other_o from_o german_a but_o it_o will_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o computation_n to_o set_v down_o that_o which_o be_v adjoin_v in_o some_o copy_n in_o ninnius_n from_o the_o consulship_n of_o the_o two_o gemini_fw-la britain_n fusius_fw-la and_o rubellius_n unto_o stilico_n the_o consul_n be_v reckon_v 373_o year_n from_o stilico_n unto_o valentinian_n the_o son_n of_o placidia_n and_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o vortigern_n 28_o year_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o vortigern_n to_o the_o discord_n of_o gintoline_n and_o ambrose_n be_v 12_o year_n which_o battle_n be_v guoloppum_fw-la that_o be_v cathquoloph_n vortigern_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n when_o theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n be_v consul_n and_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o saxon_n come_v into_o britain_n and_o be_v entertain_v by_o vortigern_n when_o felix_n and_o taurus_n be_v consul_n from_o the_o year_n wherein_o the_o saxon_n come_v into_o britain_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o vortigern_n unto_o prince_n decius_n valerianus_n be_v 69_o year_n by_o this_o account_n the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n be_v in_o the_o twenty_o first_o year_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 428_o and_o this_o say_v mr._n cambden_n come_v near_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o bede_n but_o i_o have_v rather_o follow_v the_o receive_a opinion_n calculate_v from_o the_o consulship_n of_o aetius_n who_o in_o gildas_n be_v call_v aegitius_fw-la and_o in_o another_o copy_n aequitius_n than_o by_o so_o far_o set_v back_o the_o time_n upon_o too_o much_o nicety_n to_o differ_v from_o all_o other_o historian_n have_v show_v the_o manner_n occasion_n and_o time_n how_o the_o saxon_n first_o enter_v this_o nation_n it_o will_v now_o be_v necessary_a to_o relate_v by_o what_o craft_n and_o policy_n prince_n hengist_n their_o general_n at_o last_o attain_v to_o be_v king_n and_o governor_n of_o kent_n which_o place_n at_o first_o be_v intentional_o assign_v he_o in_o trust_n and_o for_o his_o more_o honourable_a reception_n or_o at_o least_o better_a encouragement_n in_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o vortigern_n enemy_n but_o during_o the_o time_n his_o soldier_n have_v so_o courageous_o act_v in_o his_o absence_n as_o to_o deserve_v reputation_n he_o 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hengist_n further_a advice_n in_o hasten_v speedy_a order_n for_o a_o great_a supply_n of_o german_a force_n in_o pretence_n of_o secure_v the_o land_n more_o firm_o from_o the_o rage_n and_o power_n of_o his_o enemy_n which_o in_o truth_n at_o last_o prove_v but_o to_o promote_v and_o strengthen_v his_o own_o greatness_n which_o so_o long_o he_o have_v forecast_n in_o his_o head_n to_o accomplish_v esteem_v it_o also_o to_o be_v a_o great_a honour_n to_o his_o name_n and_o family_n that_o he_o shall_v approve_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o only_a man_n that_o first_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o saxon_a monarchy_n in_o so_o great_a and_o renown_a a_o kingdom_n as_o britain_n which_o be_v not_o only_o so_o esteem_v in_o those_o day_n but_o by_o the_o phoenician_n greek_n and_o roman_n their_o predecessor_n and_o we_o have_v just_a cause_n to_o believe_v his_o affair_n be_v manage_v with_o more_o than_o ordinary_a prudence_n and_o policy_n when_o in_o one_o of_o his_o army_n be_v 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bear_v a_o equal_a share_n in_o affliction_n for_o after_o they_o have_v sufficient_o execute_v their_o tyranny_n upon_o the_o britain_n they_o proceed_v to_o northumberland_n where_o for_o some_o time_n at_o their_o first_o entrance_n intend_v only_o to_o make_v a_o short_a stay_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n too_o well_o approve_v the_o accommodation_n of_o that_o country_n they_o esteem_v it_o a_o place_n worthy_a of_o long_a residence_n yet_o not_o so_o full_o and_o absolute_o possess_v it_o as_o to_o govern_v it_o under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o subject_n of_o kent_n till_o ninety_o nine_o year_n after_o their_o first_o possession_n now_o it_o be_v that_o again_o we_o hear_v how_o infinite_o afflict_a and_o move_v the_o subject_n of_o king_n vortigern_n be_v at_o the_o increase_a power_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o they_o can_v not_o persuade_v he_o into_o the_o belief_n of_o such_o great_a danger_n likely_a to_o happen_v they_o universal_o agree_v in_o counsel_n among_o themselves_o to_o bereave_v he_o of_o his_o regal_a government_n power_n and_o dignity_n and_o in_o who_o stead_n they_o place_v his_o son_n vortimer_n which_o for_o the_o present_a put_v the_o nation_n into_o no_o small_a confusion_n and_o hubbub_n beside_o give_v new_a occasion_n to_o the_o saxon_n to_o revive_v insurrection_n and_o commit_v upon_o the_o distress_a inhabitant_n most_o deplorable_a spoil_n and_o havoc_n bede_n and_o other_o be_v silent_a of_o vortimer_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o crown_n about_o this_o time_n and_o consequent_o that_o there_o happen_v no_o such_o feud_n and_o heart-burn_n between_o king_n vortigern_n and_o his_o nobility_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o saxon_n arrival_n into_o this_o land_n for_o they_o say_v that_o when_o the_o saxon_n come_v into_o the_o land_n they_o be_v receive_v as_o friend_n aider_n and_o assister_n of_o the_o disturb_a britain_n against_o their_o enemy_n but_o i_o conceive_v 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power_n and_o policy_n not_o right_o which_o in_o the_o day_n of_o julius_n caesar_n be_v never_o know_v to_o be_v a_o entire_a province_n as_o it_o be_v always_o govern_v by_o four_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o british_a race_n and_o although_o he_o obtain_v not_o the_o kingdom_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n yet_o be_v he_o to_o be_v commend_v for_o his_o policy_n valour_n and_o conduct_v he_o possess_v not_o the_o kingdom_n above_o seven_o year_n but_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o approve_a himself_o a_o example_n yea_o the_o first_o rule_n and_o direction_n to_o egbert_n afterward_o a_o k._n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n how_o to_o reduce_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o one_o happy_a and_o entire_a state_n of_o monarchy_n so_o that_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o history_n and_o chronicle_n of_o his_o successor_n who_o after_o their_o arrival_n bear_v the_o great_a sway_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o by_o success_n of_o arm_n and_o vast_a supply_n receive_v from_o the_o

prisoner_n by_o the_o enemy_n into_o liberty_n to_o contribute_v large_o when_o their_o patron_n sue_v for_o any_o honourable_a office_n of_o state_n to_o pay_v all_o pecuniary_a mulct_n arise_v from_o private_a quarrel_n never_o expect_v again_o either_o use_v or_o principal_n and_o to_o present_v on_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n their_o patron_n with_o new-years-gift_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n for_o any_o of_o the_o contrary_a party_n if_o they_o do_v they_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o statute_n make_v against_o traitor_n and_o fall_v under_o the_o curse_n of_o their_o decemviral-law_n viz._n patronus_fw-la si_fw-la clienti_fw-la cliensuè_fw-la patrono_fw-la fraudem_fw-la faxit_fw-la sacer_fw-la esto_fw-la by_o virtue_n of_o which_o law_n they_o be_v mutual_o oblige_v to_o be_v faithful_a one_o to_o another_o the_o roman_a gentry_n take_v great_a pride_n in_o vie_v with_o one_o another_o who_o have_v in_o his_o retinue_n most_o of_o these_o client_n nay_o many_o province_n and_o nation_n too_o have_v one_o of_o the_o great_a one_o at_o rome_n for_o their_o patron_n to_o plead_v for_o they_o in_o their_o absence_n the_o senate_n many_o time_n refer_v their_o cause_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o patron_n they_o have_v choose_v rest_v satisfy_v in_o his_o determination_n this_o custom_n keep_v they_o so_o entire_o unite_v that_o it_o preserve_v the_o city_n free_a from_o slaughter_n and_o those_o inhuman_a civil_a war_n which_o through_o neglect_n afterward_o follow_v though_o there_o be_v several_a quarrel_n between_o the_o commons_o and_o gentry_n but_o soon_o compose_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 630_o year_n after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o tarquin_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o senator_n knight_n and_o people_n a_o senator_n be_v he_o which_o at_o first_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o king_n next_o by_o the_o consul_n afterward_o by_o the_o censor_n into_o that_o great_a council_n of_o state_n call_v the_o senate_n 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little_a different_a from_o the_o senator_n only_o the_o purple_a stud_n or_o tuft_n of_o the_o senator_n garment_n be_v somewhat_o large_a they_o degrade_v for_o unseemly_a gesture_n and_o irreverent_a responsal_n or_o for_o have_v lean_a and_o poor_a horse_n which_o seem_v to_o prove_v that_o their_o horse_n be_v keep_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o not_o at_o the_o public_a expense_n of_o the_o state_n the_o commonalty_n who_o livy_n call_v ignota_fw-la capita_n man_n of_o little_a or_o no_o account_n be_v livy_n the_o same_o there_o as_o in_o other_o country_n yet_o if_o any_o of_o they_o have_v attain_v to_o a_o knight_n estate_n and_o procure_v from_o the_o censor_n a_o horse_n and_o ring_n he_o be_v account_v a_o knight_n and_o may_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v choose_v into_o the_o senate_n yet_o those_o senator_n that_o be_v choose_v from_o among_o the_o plebeian_n be_v for_o any_o notorious_a fault_n liable_a to_o be_v degrade_v and_o have_v their_o name_n enrowl_v in_o the_o caerite_v tabulae_fw-la or_o censor_n table_n whereby_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o give_v their_o vote_n as_o do_v other_o citizen_n the_o next_o division_n of_o the_o people_n be_v into_o nobiles_fw-la novi_fw-la and_o ignobiles_fw-la their_o nobleman_n be_v those_o that_o can_v produce_v the_o image_n of_o their_o ancestor_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o our_o coat_n of_o arm_n their_o novi_fw-la be_v those_o that_o have_v only_o their_o own_o and_o be_v behold_v more_o to_o their_o virtue_n than_o their_o ancestor_n for_o their_o nobility_n ignobiles_fw-la be_v those_o that_o have_v none_o of_o their_o own_o or_o of_o their_o predecessor_n now_o a_o image_n be_v the_o effigy_n or_o representation_n of_o any_o person_n of_o their_o family_n who_o glorious_a action_n have_v former_o prefer_v he_o to_o any_o of_o the_o great_a office_n of_o state_n which_o image_n be_v use_v careful_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o wooden_a press_n in_o the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o house_n for_o to_o none_o but_o those_o who_o have_v bear_v the_o curule_n magistracy_n be_v the_o use_n of_o image_n lawful_a but_o after_o the_o commons_o by_o a_o act_n of_o senate_n be_v make_v capable_a of_o obtain_v those_o place_n as_o well_o as_o the_o gentry_n without_o doubt_n they_o also_o may_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o use_v image_n also_o these_o image_n be_v sometime_o place_v over_o the_o gate_n of_o their_o house_n with_o inscription_n ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la virtutes_fw-la posteri_fw-la non_fw-fr solum_fw-la legerent_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la imitarentur_fw-la upon_o day_n of_o feast_v and_o rejoice_v these_o figure_n be_v spruck_v up_o with_o garland_n and_o flower_n but_o on_o day_n of_o mourn_v they_o be_v deprive_v of_o all_o their_o jovial_a ornament_n seem_v to_o sympathize_v and_o partake_v with_o their_o sorrow_n they_o be_v represent_v common_o but_o from_o the_o shoulder_n upward_o the_o matter_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v be_v wax_n but_o when_o any_o of_o the_o 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that_o be_v bear_v free_a or_o of_o two_o libertine_n be_v term_v ingenuus_n these_o be_v capable_a of_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n but_o not_o of_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o senate_n which_o we_o may_v gather_v from_o suetonius_n his_o own_o word_n who_o say_v that_o ancient_o the_o dignity_n suetonius_n and_o honour_n of_o be_v a_o senator_n be_v confer_v not_o upon_o the_o pronepotes_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la but_o upon_o the_o abnepotes_fw-la viz._n such_o as_o be_v remove_v four_o degree_n from_o a_o libertus_fw-la the_o usual_a way_n of_o their_o make_v they_o free_a be_v after_o this_o manner_n freedom_n the_o master_n bring_v his_o servant_n who_o he_o desire_v shall_v be_v make_v free_a take_v the_o servant_n by_o the_o head_n or_o any_o other_o part_n say_v to_o the_o praetor_n i_o will_v that_o this_o man_n be_v make_v free_a and_o then_o he_o let_v he_o go_v some_o say_v they_o use_v to_o take_v the_o servant_n a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n turn_v he_o round_o and_o then_o let_v he_o go_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n then_o the_o praetor_n lay_v a_o certain_a rod_n call_v vindicta_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o servant_n say_v i_o pronounce_v this_o man_n free_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n his_o head_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v shave_v receive_v of_o the_o praetor_n a_o cap_n in_o token_n of_o his_o liberty_n of_o their_o civil_a government_n after_o romulus_n his_o death_n his_o successor_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o tarquin_n surname_v the_o proud_a think_v it_o not_o only_o their_o great_a security_n to_o govern_v their_o people_n with_o great_a justice_n and_o moderation_n but_o the_o high_a point_n of_o glory_n also_o to_o admit_v they_o into_o a_o share_n and_o participation_n of_o the_o government_n that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v they_o rule_v over_o prince_n rather_o than_o slave_n and_o although_o most_o writer_n agree_v that_o the_o polity_n of_o rome_n be_v monarchical_a it_o seem_v rather_o to_o

where_o they_o obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n but_o aldus_fw-la manutius_n stout_o oppose_v this_o opinion_n and_o prove_v it_o out_o of_o suetonius_n that_o they_o gird_v their_o tunick_n not_o their_o gown_n suet._n suspect_v that_o place_n of_o macrobius_n which_o sigonius_n quote_v as_o advantageous_a to_o his_o own_o purpose_n of_o error_n and_o corruption_n for_o suetonius_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v that_o caesar_n tunick_n not_o his_o gown_n be_v loose_o and_o effeminate_o gird_v there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o gown_n use_v by_o the_o roman_n first_o toga_fw-la praetexta_fw-la so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v edge_v about_o with_o purple_a the_o greek_n term_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o gown_n be_v wear_v at_o first_o only_o by_o the_o roman_a priest_n and_o chief_a magistrate_n next_o it_o be_v allow_v to_o nobleman_n and_o their_o child_n but_o afterward_o it_o grow_v the_o habit_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a child_n both_o male_a and_o female_a in_o general_n the_o boy_n use_v this_o gown_n till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o maiden_n till_o they_o be_v marry_v so_o that_o this_o word_n praetextati_fw-la signify_v both_o young_a child_n and_o magistrate_n second_o toga_fw-la pura_fw-la so_o call_v from_o the_o whiteness_n of_o its_o colour_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o be_v free_a from_o all_o admixture_n of_o purple_a it_o be_v term_v also_o virilis_n as_o be_v the_o general_n wear_v of_o all_o private_a man_n at_o the_o go_v out_o of_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o their_o age_n and_o also_o of_o all_o new_a marry_a woman_n it_o be_v call_v also_o libera_n because_o at_o that_o time_n they_o be_v free_a from_o the_o overseeing_n and_o chide_n of_o their_o tutor_n and_o capable_a of_o all_o freedom_n as_o other_o citizen_n be_v and_o the_o day_n of_o lay_v down_o the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o take_v up_o this_o be_v call_v 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unknown_a to_o former_a age_n of_o pullati_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o commonalty_n and_o candidati_fw-la the_o better_a sort_n of_o citizen_n and_o not_o those_o as_o former_o it_o signify_v which_o sue_v for_o magistracy_n with_o such_o gown_n in_o most_o part_n of_o italy_n they_o wrap_v up_o their_o dead_a from_o whence_o juvenal_n take_v occasion_n to_o write_v thus_o pars_fw-la magna_fw-la italiae_fw-la si_fw-la verum_fw-la admittimus_fw-la in_fw-la quá_fw-la nemo_fw-la togam_fw-la sumit_fw-la nifi_n mortuus_fw-la juvenal_n such_o gown_n in_o italy_n if_o truth_n we_o will_v hear_v the_o dead_a instead_o of_o winding-sheet_n do_v wear_v the_o sordida_fw-la toga_fw-la which_o be_v also_o the_o wear_n of_o the_o poor_a sort_n be_v not_o of_o a_o coalblack_a colour_n as_o sigonius_n false_o imagine_v but_o be_v a_o gown_n which_o at_o first_o be_v white_a but_o afterward_o by_o long_a usage_n and_o constant_a wear_n become_v dirty_a and_o sully_v for_o the_o rich_a and_o neat_a sort_n of_o people_n always_o go_v abroad_o in_o white_a garment_n and_o if_o by_o walk_v they_o have_v contract_v any_o filth_n there_o be_v fuller_n at_o rome_n on_o purpose_n who_o will_v take_v out_o those_o spot_n with_o sulphur_n and_o chalk_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o pristine_a colour_n but_o on_o the_o day_n of_o public_a and_o private_a rejoice_v they_o appear_v in_o fresh_a gown_n more_o particular_o the_o mean_a sort_n also_o who_o can_v not_o change_v so_o often_o be_v wont_a on_o day_n of_o public_a game_n that_o they_o may_v seem_v fine_a and_o gentile_a than_o ordinary_a to_o chalk_n their_o gown_n all_o over_o but_o the_o nobility_n who_o always_o appear_v in_o white_a if_o they_o be_v suppose_v guilty_a during_o the_o time_n of_o their_o arraignment_n both_o they_o and_o their_o relation_n wear_v this_o toga_fw-la sordida_fw-la their_o hair_n and_o their_o beard_n long_o neglect_v on_o purpose_n all_o kind_n of_o ornament_n that_o they_o may_v the_o easy_o incline_v the_o people_n to_o pity_n and_o favour_n not_o only_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o jewish_a nobility_n also_o affect_v this_o colour_n of_o white_a thereby_o distinguish_v in_o like_a manner_n their_o people_n from_o their_o nobleman_n and_o those_o of_o the_o better_a rank_n they_o term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d chorim_n albatos_fw-la man_n in_o white_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o ordinary_a sort_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d chaschucim_o sordidatos_fw-la man_n clad_v in_o foul_a garment_n toga_fw-la picta_fw-la be_v a_o hetrurian_a garment_n of_o a_o purple_a colour_n embroider_v and_o rich_o wrought_v with_o gold_n wear_v general_o by_o those_o that_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o a_o triumph_n allow_v they_o therefore_o it_o be_v some_o time_n call_v toga_fw-la triumphalis_fw-la bring_v to_o rome_n by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o hetruria_n sometime_o toga_fw-la palmata_fw-la from_o the_o palm-branche_n which_o be_v wrought_v in_o it_o betoken_v victory_n toga_fw-la purpurea_fw-la be_v not_o wrought_v or_o flower_v but_o plain_a differ_v in_o that_o respect_n from_o the_o toga_fw-la picta_fw-la and_o from_o the_o praetexta_fw-la in_o regard_n that_o be_v all_o white_a except_o the_o border_n or_o edging_n which_o be_v purple_a this_o all_o purple_a have_v no_o such_o guard_n or_o edge_v at_o all_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o gown_n term_v trabeae_fw-la the_o first_o consist_v of_o purple_a only_a term_v trabea_n consecrata_fw-la sacred_a to_o the_o god_n the_o second_o be_v of_o purple_a weave_v upon_o white_a call_v trabea_n regia_n wear_v by_o their_o king_n the_o three_o be_v scarlet_a weave_v upon_o purple_a call_v trabea_n auguralis_fw-la which_o the_o augur_n or_o sooth_n sayer_n only_o do_v wear_v after_o the_o depose_n of_o their_o king_n the_o trabea_n regia_n be_v wear_v by_o the_o consul_n also_o under_o their_o gown_n they_o wear_v a_o garment_n straight_a and_o short_a call_v tunica_n at_o first_o it_o be_v make_v without_o sleeve_n afterward_o with_o they_o on_o those_o that_o have_v not_o the_o privilege_n of_o wear_v the_o large_a stud_n it_o be_v so_o gird_v that_o the_o forepart_n come_v down_o something_o below_o the_o knee_n the_o hinder_a part_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ham_n it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o woman_n only_o to_o wear_v they_o low_o and_o to_o centurion_n high_o it_o be_v account_v unseemly_a and_o scandalous_a if_o they_o reach_v down_o to_o the_o ankle_n or_o if_o the_o sleeve_n cover_v the_o hand_n this_o garment_n in_o continuance_n of_o time_n grow_v the_o general_n wear_v of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o citizen_n be_v distinguish_v by_o it_o the_o senator_n coat_n be_v embroider_v with_o large_a stud_n of_o purple_a like_o broad_a nail-head_n whence_o they_o be_v term_v laticlavia_a those_o on_o the_o roman_a knight_n be_v somewhat_o less_o and_o these_o coat_n be_v call_v angusti_fw-la clavia_fw-la the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v distinguish_v from_o one_o another_o in_o quality_n and_o worth_n by_o the_o largeness_n and_o narrowness_n of_o these_o stud_n in_o like_a manner_n also_o the_o commonalty_n wear_v they_o plain_a and_o these_o be_v call_v tunicaerectae_fw-la upon_o these_o coat_n they_o common_o wear_v campaigne_n coat_n or_o long_a cloak_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o wether_n call_v lacernae_fw-la and_o penulae_fw-la which_o cover_v their_o hand_n also_o be_v button_v or_o clasp_v under_o the_o chin._n the_o lacerna_fw-la be_v in_o frequent_a use_n in_o the_o camp_n among_o the_o soldier_n so_o that_o as_o togatus_fw-la signify_v citizen_n so_o lacernatus_fw-la be_v use_v for_o a_o soldier_n but_o when_o the_o civil_a war_n break_v out_o the_o toga_fw-la be_v lay_v aside_o and_o these_o penulae_fw-la lacernae_fw-la but_o especial_o the_o tunicae_fw-la become_v all_o in_o fashion_n so_o that_o this_o distinction_n grow_v useless_a and_o unnecessary_a in_o the_o conclusion_n the_o lord_n general_n coat_n be_v