Selected quad for the lemma: enemy_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	advantage_n	army_n	place_n	1,086	5	4.0319	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06967	The souldiers grammar containing, the high, necessarie, and most curious rules of the art militarie : as first, whether it be in great motions in generall? or foote motions especially?, or motions of horse, generall, or speciall?, the ranges of foote, or horse?, the ranges of officers, the seuerall imbattailings of foote, and horse, the imbattailing of a regiment, the ioyning of many regiments, or the forming of maine battailes, of any extent, or number, with their formes, and figures, in liuely demonstration, &c. / by G.M. ... ; vnto which, is added the Booke of postures, according to that which is ordered by the lords of His Maiesties most honorable Priuie Counsell.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1626 (1626)	STC 17391.5; ESTC S2808	26,181	63

nature of the ground and the fashion of the Enemies Battaile for therein is the aduantage Now for the true Range the Generall hath euer the Vauntguard which is the right Wing of the Battaile and the Lord Marshall hath the second Vauntguard which is the Poynt of the left Wing of the Battaile For here is to be vnderstood that when Battailes of Foote are drawne vp and formed then the Battaile of Horse is deuided and extended forth in length acording to the number of the Regiments which as Wings stretching themselues foorth from the two points of the right and left hand battaile of Foot are as a Wall or defense betwixt the Enemy the Foot Army being to Charge vpon all aduantages to defend the Ordnance great Artillerie when it shal be Assaulted or ingaged or otherwise to keep the Carriage Munition and baggage from the pillage of the Enemy or other defeiture For the range of the Colonels they take their places according to Antiquity the eldest Colonell secondeth the Generall the third the Lord Martiall and so according to Antiquitie their Regiments doe troope either on the one or the other hand all things being ordered according to Dignitiy and Antiquity Now whereas a question may be demanded touching the place of the Quartermaster were he shall range himselfe I thus resolue it That if the Quarter-master who is a necessary dependant vpon euery Horse Regiment haue no troope of Horse as seldome or neuer they haue then his range or place is euer to troope with the Collonels Lieutenant and the Commissary or Prouost of euery Regiment with the Liuetenant Collonels Liueteuant or otherwise at his pleasure extrauagantly in any other inferior place of the Regiment Againe here is to be noted in the generallitie of the Army where Horse and Foote are mixed together or whensoeuer they shall meet either in publicke Court or priuate Counsell that the Commander of Horse hath priority of place before the Commander of Foot And howsoeuer some opinions would sway to the contrary preferring Number before Vertue yet it is most certaine that in all Courts of Warre the Horseman hath the first place a Collonell of 500. Horse preceeding a Collonell of 1000. Foot A Captaine of 100. Horse takes place before a Captaine of 200. Foot c. Antiquity in this place being no let but the Dignity carried according to the Honor of the Command the Nobility of the number Now next vnto these Curasheirs are the Harquebusheirs who at this day and in this present Discipline stand for the Light Horse these likewise haue two seuerall Ranges the one in their ordinary Trooping and the other when they come to be drawne vp into ordinary or extraordinary Bodies For the ordinarie Trooping it is eyther when they Troope into the Fielde to receiue Directions or else troope forth as Vantcurreers and Dicouerers of all Impediments that may happen to the Army for these are they which Scower the Coast and preuent Ambuscadoes they make good Ryuers Bridges and all straight Passages and albe their trooping is loose and disbanded holding no strickt or curious forme eyther in Ranke or file nor any certainety in Pace or Motion but sometimes galloping sometimes trotting sometimes standing still as danger or discouerie shall giue way to their proceedings yet doe they troope most commonly in Regiments the Vauntguard being led eyther by the Colonell himselfe or some other Officer in Chiefe who being better acquainted with the places they goe to discouer hath this Authority cast vpon him and Rangeth himselfe in the Front which is the greatest Place of eminence As the Colonell or chiefe Officer thus taketh the First Place so the Liuetenant Colonell taketh the Second and so the rest of the Captaines successiuely according to their antiquity These are the ordinary Scoutes Watchmen and Sentinells and if it be in Campe their guard is euer without the Verge of the Campe and if it be in a Walled Towne Citty or Garrison their guard is without the walles of the Citty and their Quarter in the Suburbes there are Dependants on the Lord Marshall and take directions from his Commands and thus much for the Range of Horsemen FINIS Motiues to the Worke. Motions vsed in the olde Warres Diuers other Motions The Authors plainenesse In what Motions consist Of Distances The Ancient and the Moderne Author reconcil'd The ground of all Motions The drawing of Grosses into order Of single Files Of closing and opening The manner of performing the Motion Aduancing of Files Reducing thē to their first forme Of Countermarching The Lacedemonian countermarch The Macedonian Countermarch Doubling of Rankes Halfe Files as they were Bringers vp As they were Of Wheeling Casting Files Of Opening and Cloasing Files opened or closed by the Middle-men Files opened or closed to any hand Other Motions The vse of Horse Motions An Horse File Drawing vp of a Horse Troope The Benefite of the square Bodie

fullnesse of perfection And Fourthly and lastly the knowledge of the Beatings of the Drumbe by which the Soldier taketh notice of euery Command when the sound of Mans voice is drowned or obscured It now seemeth good vnto me and I hope it will yeeld a generall profite to the whole Kingdome to fixe vnto the aforesayd Accidence a Grammar or Introductiō into more higher necessary and more subtile and curious Rules of the Art Mylitary whereby the younger Schollers may be enabled to proceed and goe forward in the greater and more hidden secrets of the Arte and the elder or better experienced Men of Warre may eyther finde Solutions for such doubtes as shall incumber them Or else matter whereon to worke and make their owne more singular Inuentions and Applications more wholesome for the common vse and more pleasing to their owne Studies and Labours The first thing therefore which I hold most necessary to Intreate of in this Grammar is of Great Motions in generall Because according to the Opinion of the Auncients These Military Motions are the Life of an Armie and only giue meanes of Victorie and without which all preparation of Forces are vaine and auaileth nothing in the Field nor to the end for which they were Leuied Since then Motion is of this inestimable reputation the labor cannot be misimployed which bringeth any luster or explanation vnto the same Of the Smaller Motions I haue spoken somewhat already in the Accidence As of Fileing Rancking Returning to the first Posture Countermarching Doubling and such like so far foorth as they appertayne to euery single Person or to the parts and members of a priuate Companie which we call Squadrons or Camerados But now I am to intreat of the Greater Motions which belong to Regiments Battalias and the whole Bodie of an Armie Neyther in the discourse of these things are you to expect much alteration of wordes or sence but only the application of them vnto the Greater and more infinite Bodies from whence they take the denomination of the Greater Motions The Gretians as Aelian and his Schollars doe reckon vp nineteene seuerall Great Motions to which they giue especiall Names and Titles The First they call Clisis which is a Turning to eyther Hand The Second Metabole which we call Turning about The Third Perispasmos which we call Wheeling about The Fourth Epistrophe which we call a Wheeling eyther to the one or the other Hand but not entire or about The Fifth Anastrophe which we call a Returning of the Wheele vnto the First Posture or Station where it stood before it was mooued or Wheeled to eyther Hand The Sixth Ecperispasmos which we call a treble or threefold Wheeling carrying the Battalia three parts about but not wholy and entire The Seuenth Plagiophalanx or the Broade Fronted Phalange which we call the Broad Fronted Battalia which hath the Length much exceeding the Depth The Eight Orthiophalanx which we call the Deepe Battalia or Herse Battayle which is a Battayle drawne out in Wing and hauing the Depth much exceeding the Length The Ninth Phalange Loxe which we call an Vneuen Fronted Battalia because one of the Winges which is thought fittest is euer drawne forth before the other and as a Forlorne beginneth the Fight against the Enemy till opportunity serue that the whole Battayle may Ioyne with greater aduantage and assurance The Tenth Parembole which we call Insertion being a Drawing vp of the Souldiers before then taking off the Hindermost we Ranke them within the distances of the First The Eleuenth Protaxis which we call Fore-Fronting as when we place eyther the Light-Armed or other Loosse Shotte before the Front of the Battayle and make them Fore-standers or beginners of the Skyrmish The Twelfth Epitaxis which we call an After placing or Attending on the Reare so that if the Enemie shall Charge behind yet are the Light-Armed in readinesse and prepared to giue their Volleys being placed so behind the Reare as the other before the Front for a singular helpe and anoyance The Thirteenth Prostaxis which we call a Ioyning of Bodies together by adding to eyther of the Flankes or to both entirely any new Supply of Men eyther from the Reare of the same Battalia or otherwise from any other remooued Bodie or Regiment whereby the Front of the Battayle is increased The Fourteenth Entaxis which we call Insition or Inserting as when we draw the Light-Armed or Loose vnguarded Shotte within the spaces of the Fyles and Rankes of the Armed Battalia so as they may be free from danger and yet notwithstanding euer readie to deliuer their Vollies in the face of the Enemies be they Foote or Horse as they shall giue their aproaches The Fifteenth Hypotaxis which we call Double Winging as when we draw the Light-Armed or Loose Shott only within the Armed Winges of the Battalia and not into the Entire Bodie and placing them in such an Embowed forme that the whole forme or figure thereof may resemble a threefold Gate or Doore The sixteenth we call an Induction or a Right Induction as when one Bodie or Battalia of one and the same kinde in forme and proportion followeth one another and so the March of Motion stretcheth out it selfe into the manner or forme of a Wing hauing the Depth much exceeding the Length And this kind of Battayle or Right Induction may consist eyther of a Single Bodie as when but one Enemie is feared or of a Double Bodie as when two are expected or of a Treble when three are on foote or of a Quadruple when the Enemie purposeth to giue on all sides The Seauenteenth Paragoge which we call Deduction is when a Battalia mooueth in a Wing not by File but by Ranke hauing the File-leaders on the Right-hand which is called a Right Deduction or on the Left Hand which is called a Left Hand Deduction And this Bodie or Battalia also Marcheth as the former eyther in a Single Double Treble or Quadruple Deuision according to the feare they apprehend of the Enemie and the aduantage of the place ground vpon which they march and mooue The Eighteenth Amphistomus which we call the Two Fronted Battayle and looketh vpon the Enemy two seuerall wayes that is to say by an euen and lust Deuision in the midst of an equall conuersion of the two parts The Middle-men or Halfe-fyle men are turned back to back and those in the Front and Reare make two equall Fronts and brauely Aduance against the Enemie and this kinde of Motion is excellent against Horse The Nineteenth Antistomus which wee also call a Two Fronted Battayle and differeth only from the former but in this that as the Two Fronted Battayle Amphistomus is Fronted by the Front and the Reare so this Two Fronted Battayle Antistomus is Fronted by the two Flanks the Right flanke and the Left and the Motion hath the like vse and perfection which the former hath being generally applyed for the Encounter of Horse Diuers other particular Motions

they haue both for Armies and Battalias as that which they call Diphalange Peristomus Diphalange Homoiostoneus Diphalange Heterostomus the Rhombe the Heteromekes the Epicampios Emprosthia the Cyrte the Tetragonall Ploesium and diuers others of which I shall haue occasion to write hereafter For this present and for the generallity of Motion these already shewed and expounded are sufficient Of all which you shall in the ensuing Chapters as particulars shall arise receiue both full Demonstrations and Examples whereby the dullest vnderstanding shall be enabled to conceiue and carry away those Mysteries of Art and Science which hetherto haue layne hidden and obscured Nor haue I any intention in this Worke so to tye and conforme my selfe to the Auncients eyther Gretians or Romans that thereby knitting my selfe to their Words and Phrases I might bring a cloude of darkenesse ouer my Labours which I haue only dedicated to Trueth and Plainenesse But I doe freely intend to set downe euery thing in those plaine moderne and vsuall formes of Direction as may be auaileable for the simplest capacity and profitable for all those that haue bound themselues Prentises to this Noble Art and glorious Aduancement CHAP. 2. Of the Particular Motions belonging to the Foote onely ALL manner of Marches and Motions whatsoeuer belonging to a Foote Company as I haue touched before in my Accidence must of necessity be eyther in Distance or Forme eyther of these must be eyther in Fyles or Rankes seuerally and of themselues or else ioyntly both together Of Fyles and Rankes what they are what their extents ought to be what effects vertues and vses are wrought by them I haue sufficiently shewed in my Accidence Only because there is a little difference betwixt vs and the Auncients and betwixt the Schollers of these Moderne times and the Schollers of the Elder World I will as neere as I can reconcile them or at least bring them to shake hands and agree together The first Receiuers of Millitarie Discipline and those which are at this day their Schollers and profest Imitators would haue a File to consist of Sixeteene Men in depth successiuely one after an other Others would haue it consist of Eight And others which are our latest and best approued would haue them consist of Ten. The reason why the first would haue it consist of sixteene is because it is an euen and proportionable number which may bee doubled to the last man as from sixteene to eight from eight to foure from foure to two from two to one and so backe againe reduced to the first forme or Station This I confesse beares a faire shew of much probability and was doubtlesse in the first Age of singular vse and benefit both for the forming and proportioning of Battailes as also for the readinesse of Marching and the mixing or ioyning of many Grosses or great Bodies in one square Round or Triangular fashion But it is to be vnderstood that in these former dayes there was no vse or knowledge of Shot because the inuention of Fire lay then vnknowne their Darts Slings Crosse-bowes Long-bowes and the like which passed vnder the Light-armed held then no method or prescript forme in giuing their Volleis but deliuered them one ouer anothers head without danger so that the deeper the File was the greater the Volley was and the Enemy the more indangered besides the drawing and nocking of the Arrow the Lading of the Sling the bending of the Crosse-bow and the charging of the Dart are Motions so soddaine so quicke and so secure that there is no necessity of alteration of place for in as much as not any of these Volleis are deliuered vpon the Leuell but vpon necessity on the Mounture therefore the forestanders or leaders of Files and their followers are not indangered by the Reare so that in this case the deeper the File is the more hands are brought to fight and the victory the sooner obtained But with vs now in these moderne and latter times wherein the Inuention of Shott and Powder is founde out and the danger Sodainnesse and Violence of the Fire is knowne in so much that it is euer deliuered in Leuell seldome or neuer at Random for that is vselesse and to no constant purpose In this case there is great respect to be had to the alteration and change of place for as I haue sayd before to deliuer Short one behinde another and that also in Leuell is for the hindmost to Kill the formost if they Shoot in Leuell as they ought or otherwise Shooting at Randome to spende their Bulletts to no purpose and leaue the Enemie vnauoided Therefore in this true and certayne Discipline Fier is onlye to be giuen in the Front and so by succession of Ranks one Volley after another euery hand is in his due time and place brought to Fight and the Volley hath no intermission or respeit Now it is to bee considered in what space of time a man may Charge and Discharge his Peece mouing from the Front to the Reare and so Assending vp to the Front againe and it is found by the experience of all well Iudging Souldiers that the depth of Tenn men is the absolute best Number For the first man Discharging in the Front in the space that nine more shall come and doe the like The first shall make his place good againe so continnue the Volley ad infinitum Now there are some which strongly hold opinion that Eight in depth of File shall doe as much as ten and with as litle Difficultie make readie and Present which no question may be possible in expert old and readie Soldiers and so a competent and sufficient File But in raw Ignorant and half exercised men it cannot be so Neither can it be hoped that dutie shall so sudainly be performed And if there be losse of dutie in one man there will be losse of duty in more and so the Volley will be weakned the Battalia put in danger To add a man and make the File nine is no good Extent because that odd Number comming to be doubled there will be a weaknesse either in the Front or in the Reare And that wekenesse may ouerthrow the whole Battalia So that for a conclusion of this point I cannot but disallowe Sixteene in File as being to great a Number in which no lesse then Six men are lost in euery File so oft as they shall Sallie vp or make their aproaches eight I feare is two men to litle the Skill and Dexteritie of the Souldiers being doubtfull and Nine for the odds may not be admitted So that it resteth that Tenn men in File is the olde cettaine and alowable Number I doe not denie but that in Exercising of the Souldiers the Number Eight is very alowable and will bring them to a great quicknesse and readinesse but when they shall be brought to to fight and mixe with other Regiments Then you are to obserue the generall forme

vp and turne behinde their Leaders but they are mistaken and conceiue not rightly of the Author from whence they take their Instruction for this Motion rather looseth then gayneth ground and seemeth rather to retyre then charge But I leaue the reconcilement of the doubt to those of better Iudgement The next Motion is called the Macedonian Countermarch but from what ground it is not yet discussed As for the manner of the Motion it is in this wise The File leaders all turne about their Faces and all the rest with the Bringers vp goe against them on the right or left hand and passing on to the Ground before the Front of the Battalia place themselues in order one after another according as the File-leaders haue turned their Faces making a shew vnto the Enemy as if they were retyring or running away which inticing the enemy to pursue is of most singular vse to make him leaue and forsake any place or ground of aduantage Others take this Motion to bee the Macedonian Countermarch when the File-leader turneth about his face and the rest passing by him on the right or left Hand place themselues orderly one behinde another And here is to be noted that all these Countermarches already spoken of may as well be done by Ranks as by Fyles and both to the right or left hand entirely or to both by deuision or both by Conuersion as in the former Examples The next Motion is the doubling of Rankes either to the Right or Left Hand intirely as when the second Ranke marcheth into the first the fourth into the third the sixt into the fift and the eight into the seuenth and this Motion must be done very orderly beginning with the left foote and at three steps making perfect the doubling then when they are to be reduced to their first Forme againe to obserue that if they doubled to the right Hand then they must turne on the left hand to come to their first places againe and so contrary to the other as occasion shall serue or this Motion may be done to both hands by Deuision or to both hands by Conversion and to either Open Order Order or Close Order according to these examples Rankes vndoubled Rankes Doubled Thus you see Rankes doubled and vndoubled now there is another manner of doubling of Rankes and that is by the Middlemen or halfe Files when they Aduancing and leading vp their halfe Files brings the fift Ranke on which hand they are commanded being Middlemen to the Front into the first Ranke the sixt into the second the seuenth into the third and the eight in-into the fourth which are Middlemen vnto the Reare as you may see in this example Halfe Files vndoubled Halfe Files Doubled Now to reduce or bring these into their first place or forme the halfe Fyles which did ascend shall turne their Faces about and following the Reare or Bringer vp euery Man shall descend and come into his first place as he was before And when this Bodie shall againe be reduced into his first place then shall the Bringers vp or Reare with their halfe files turne their Faces about and the Ranke 5 shall fall behinde the Ranke 4 the Ranke 6 behind 5 the ranke 7 behind 6 and the ranke 8 being the Reare or Bringrs vp behind the ranke 7 and so euery Man is in his first place againe The next motion vnto these is Wheeling or Turning the whole Bodie of the Battalia to one or the other Hand or entirely round about or otherwise by Deuision to Wheele it to both Hands at once eyther in part or else Round about the generall manner of the Motion is thus First close your Files to the Right hand and your Rankes to the Swords poynt then make the Corner file Leader to the Right hand stand fast and then all the whole Bodie of the Battalia to mooue or Wheele about him as about a Center eyther halfe about or three parts about or else wholy and fully round about Now to reduce it to the first Posture or Station you shall command euery Man to turne his Face to the Left hand then Wheele the Bodie back againe till it come to its first Place and then open the Rankes downeward and the Fyles eyther to one or the other Hand at pleasure As thus you Wheele the whole Body to the one or the other Hand or entirely round about so you may wheele it to both Handes at once by Deuision eyther in part or round about according to pleasure And this is of singular Vse when the Horse shall come to Charge the Foote for by this Wheele you shall couer your Shotte safe and leaue your Pikes outmost to receyue the Charge Now this Wheele is to be made after an other manner for where before eyther the corner Man of the Right hand file or the Corner Man of the Left hand file was to stand fast and firme now all shall moue and onely the Middle Man in the Reare to the right Flanke and the middle Man in the Reare to the Left Flanke shall stand fast and vnmoued and all the rest of the two Deuided Bodies shall moue about them according to these Examples following The Battalia Vnwheeled The Battalia Wheeling The Battalia halfe Wheeled The Battalia Wheeled round about Thus you haue seene the manner of Wheeling with the seuerall Motions and Vses thereof The next Motion whereto foote Companies ought to be applyed is the Casting off of files or as some call it the Giuing of Fire by Flanke or in the Flanke and this motion of casting of Files is done diuers waies as first in Flanke then in Wing and lastly before the Front If you cast off files in flanke to the Right hand then the right hand file being readie to giue fire standeth still till the Bodie of the Battalia be marcht so far forward that the Reare or Bringers vp become euen with the Leader of the right hand file then that file so standing and prepared giueth fire altogether then presently march vp betwene the outmost file of Pikes on the right hand and the inmost file of Shotte then the second file of Shotte as the first doth stand still till the Bodie be marched by and then giue their Volley and then march vp as they first did betweene the outmost file of Pikes and the inmost file of Shotte as aforesaide And thus successiuely euery file of Shotte giueth their Volley that are conteyned in that right Wing which done wheele the whole Bodie about and bring the Left Wing to doe as much as the Right Wing and so Wing after Wing according to pleasure And this manner of casting of Files in Flanke is of excellent vse for the beating of Paces in Woods or Bogges also for the mayntaining of straight and narrow Waies for defence of Bridges and the like and that you may haue a better vnderstanding therein behold the figures following Files cast off in Flanke to the Right

Reare and the Chiefe or Leader thereof is called the Liuetenant Generall Two Reares being 32000. Men is called the Maine Battaile and the Cheife or Leader thereof is called the King or Generall who hath also supreame Authoritie ouer all the whole Armie how great or puissant soeuer Thus you haue seene the true Range of Footemen and their Leaders according to their Numbers It now resteth that I shew you the true Range of their Weapons In the Auntient Times the Light Armed which were Bowmen Darters and Slingers had the Vantguard and were the first beginners of Fight and Skyrmish for by their Darts and Arrowes they prouoked the Enemie to breake their Rankes and ouerthrew and killed many in their approaches they galled and repulsed the Horse much and indeede were euer the first Authors of Victorie and as thus they sometimes placed them in the Front so at other times they had their places in the Flankes and sometimes in the Reare But the generall and most certaine Range which they held was euer betwene the Armed Pikes The first file of the Light Armed behinde the first file of the Armed the second file of the Light Armed behind the second file of the Armed and so consequently to leuie all the Armed Menne through the whole Batttalia yet the file of the Light Armed shall be but halfe the number of the Armed and these Battailes shall be drawne into diuers Deuisions But this Range of Weapons agreeth not without Discipline at this day for our Battailes consisting only of armed Pikes Muskatiers and a fewe short weapons they are raunged in this manner when they march into the Field they march Company after Company single of themselues without any mixture and in this march of single Companies the Muskatiers are deuided into two parts the one part hath the Vanguard the other hath the Reare and the Pikes march in the midst vpon the head whereof is the Ensigne and about it the short weapons as Halberd Partizans or the like if the Company haue any when they are come into the Field then is euery Regiment drawn vp into a Body by it selfe whereof all the Pikes are drawne into an entire body by themselues and the Shott deuided into two Bodies whereof one halfe Wingeth vp the right Hand of the Pikes and the other halfe wingeth vp the left hand of the Pikes The Ensignes stand still on the head or within a Ranke and the short weapons of execution about them for guard These Regiments are drawne into the Battaile according to the pleasure of the Lord Marshall or Serieant Maior Generall The Horsemen are the Wings which troope on each side of the Battaile keeping the distance of halfe a Furlong at least from either side of the Shot The great Ordance or Artilery are drawne from the two outmost poynts of the Battaile a pretty distance from the Vantguard and extend themselues wider and and wider frō the Battaile being drawe at length in a single File their Carriage prouision and Munision being drawn neere vnto them and the Regiment belonging to the Master of the Ordnance following closse about them as a sure Defence wall or guard And thus you haue the full Range of the Foote Battaile and how it is disposed CHAP. 5. Of the seuerall Ranges of the Horse and how they are Ordered and Compounded THe Horse-Troopes in the Ancient and first times had no one certaine Range or place in the Battaile but according to the humors and opinions of their Generals so they were altered and carried vp and downe to seueral places of Commandment Aelian saith that in some Battailes within his own memorie and knowledge the Horse Troopes were Ranged after the light Armed yet doth not constantly stand vpon the allowance of that Range but saith that although they were ranged after the Light-armed yet other places might be more conuenient and this range might be altered at the pleasure of the General or vpon any necessary occasion where Victories stood doubtfull others of the Ancients as at sometimes the Macedonians now and then the Romans but many times the Thebans Thessalians haue ranged their Troops of Horse in the Reare of the armed Battailes and good successe hath many times issued thereof the Rangers of such Battailes haue returned Victors Others of the Auntients and especially Alexander himselfe Craterus and most of the worthiest Macedonians haue ranged their Horse Battailes vpon the right and left Winges of the maine Armie and indeed these Places are most probable and best agreeing with our present Discipline To come then to the Range of the Horse Battaile as it is vsed at this day you must vnderstand that it varyeth foure seuerall waies two in the Range of the Curaseires two in the Range of the Harquebuseires or Dragoones The Curaseires haue two seuerall Ranges the one in ordinary trooping the other in a formed Battaile In an ordinary Troope where the whole Battaile mooueth the first day the Troope and Regiment belonging to the Generall troopeth formost and hath the leading of the Poynt After him troopeth the Troope and Regiment of the Lord Marshall and after him euery Colonell and his Regiment according to his Antiquitie The next day the Lord Marshall and his Regiment hath the leading of the Poynt or Vauntguard and the Generall hath the Reare the Eldest Colonell succeedeth the Lord Marshall and so the rest of the Colonells and their Regiments after him according to Antiquitie The third day the Eldest Colonell hath the Poynt or Vantguard and the Lord Marshall hath the Reare after the Generall and thus alternately euery Colonell shall change his Place haue the leading of the Poynt or Vauntguard according to the seuerall daies of trooping there being no intermission or stay of many daies betweene the seuerall remooues And as thus the Chiefe and Superior Cōmanders doe remooue and alter their Places so shall the Inferior Commanders of euerie Regiment doe the like the Colonell hauing the principall place the first day the Liuetenant Colonell the second day the Sergeant Maior the third day and so euery Captaine after according to his Antiquitie in which order no Commander looseth Dignitie but hath his seuerall day of Glory and as much preheminence as the Generall or any other Commander whatsoeuer Now if it come to a formed Battaile then the Ranges change and the Regiments are drawne vp into one whole and entire Bodie in which drawing vp of Regiments this order is to be obserued that euery perticular Troope shall duely keepe their two distances that is to say Open Order in their Rankes and Close Order in their Files then betwixt Company and Company in euery Regiment shall be the space of 25. foote that thereby they may be the better distinguished and the sooner drawne foorth and imployed in any needefull place as the Superior Commanders shall thinke good This Order and Distance being obserued Regiments are to be brought into maine Bodies eyther Square Long Tryangular or Dyamond according to the