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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
enemy_n	advance_v	great_a	horse_n	1,200	5	6.7390	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20463	Foure paradoxes, or politique discourses 2 concerning militarie discipline, written long since by Thomas Digges Esquire. 2 of the worthinesse of warre and warriors, by Dudly Digges, his sonne. All newly published to keepe those that will read them, as they did them that wrote them, from idlenesse.	Digges, Thomas, d. 1595.; Digges, Dudley, Sir, 1583-1639. aut	1604 (1604)	STC 6872; ESTC S109705	71,243	121

and leaue at their pleasure 3 And for the seueritie of Discipline in the warres they say it is like the Phrensie of some Diuines that would haue men in this world passe an Angelicall life without any fault or errors which being so farre aboue the nature of man to performe In aspiring to it many times they commit more foule and grosse faults than the vulgar sort that neuer reach at such perfection and thereby become ridiculous to the world as they also will bee that shall attempt such praecise Discipline Militarie as is vtterly impossible to put in execution and vnnecessarie for this our age where Weapons and Orders of the warres are so altered and changed These are the most effectuall Reasons that euer I could heare alleaged on that side to maintaine their hereticall opinion But as there is no cause so bad but may by finenesse of wit be cleered and made appeare probable So is there no doctrine so false but by craft subtilty of mans inuentions shall bee made plausible and to appeare matter of good truth These reasons indeed at the first appearance seeme probable but being duly weighed are no thing woorth 1 And first for leauing Armes in respect of the furie of the Fireshot which no portable Armor is able to resist is both friuolous and false For there are many reasons to vse conuenient Armes albeit that were true that they profited vs nothing against the Fireshot For they defend vs from the Launco from the Pike the Halberd the Iauelin the Dart the Arrow and the Sword yea and from the greater part of the fireshot also that any way endaunger vs in the field I meane euen the portable and indifferent Armor that is made n●t of Musket or Caleuer proofe but onely against the Launce and Pistoll For the greatest part of the fireshot that touch the bodies of any man in the field graze first and strike vpon the ground And from all such shot a meane Armor verie portable and easily to bee worne by any souldier sufficeth to saue a mans life as ordinary experience in the field daily teacheth For indeed to lade men with armes of Musket proofe I am of their opinion were not possible to endure and meere folly to put in vre for many respects too long to commit to writing in this place But this light and meane Armour is still to bee continued in all battailes and battalions that shall encounter with Pike or Launce because it assureth the life of man greatly from all other weapons yea and from the most part of the fireshott also 2 Neyther is there any Martiall Commaunder of iudgment that will obiect his Battailes or Battalions as a But for the great or small Artillerie to play vpon But will alway aduance forward their owne shot and lightest armed loose men to encounter their enemies shot and surprize his Ordinance before the battailes or battalions come within daunger of the Artillerie great or small to bee plaied on at Poinct Blanke And thereby shall the enemie bee enforced eyther to put forward his light-Light-horse or Fanterie before his great Ordinance to guard and defend them Or else they shall bee possessed or cloyed If hee protect them with horse and foote of his owne from surprize then may the Squadrons march on safely and so by good discretion the armed battailes are in no daunger at all of their Enemies Artillerie but may aduenture forward in safety to backe their owne shott and light armed which were sent to surprize or cloy their enemies Artillery And thē without any more annoyance of the great Ordinaunce the Battailes come to ioyne with Launce Sword or Pike as in olde time in auncient warres hath beene accustomed Farther all men know that are of skill or experience that great Artillerie verie seldome or neuer can hurt any footeman that vpon giuing fire onely doo but abase themselues on their knee till the volew bee past being much more terrible to vnskilfull and vnexpert new Besoignes than any way hurtfull to trayned Souldiers And therefore as is apparant no reason in respect eyther of the great or small Artillerie or Fireshott eyther to leaue conuenient armes such as the Antiquitie vsed and were able to march withall many hundred miles or such Battalions as the Romanes vsed If any man will obiect that Ruytters with their Pistolles and Argoletires with their Pettronels which the Romanes had not would beat your massie Phalanx of Pikes vsed by the Graecians downe to the ground without receiving any dammage at all by them Heereunto I say if we had not eyther Pistolles or Lances on horsebacke to encounter these Ruytters and Argoletires they said somewhat Or if we had not Musketers on foot to empale or line our battailes that should more spoile their Squadrons of Ruitters before they could approach nigh the place where they should discharge their pistols For there is no souldier of iudgement that commendeth the ancient Romane or Graecian Discipline that would haue vs reiect all Moderne weapons to cleaue to theirs onely But embracing the Moderne fireshot also to leaue the abusing of them and vsing them rightly to vse still the auncient and right Martiall Discipline also of the Romanes and Graecians Wee see long since the fireshot hath beene vsed that the Zwitzers notwithstanding haue continued their massie battailes of armed pikes like the Gaecian Phalanx and verie honourably dischargd themselues both in Italie France and Germanie In such sort as the Emperour Charles the French King both relied on them greatly and to this day of the Mercenaries they carry the reputation with the best So that no furie of the fireshot hath euer caused them to leaue their massie Phalanx by the Graecians vsed How much lesse then should the Romane Order of Battallions feare our Fireshot Nay rather is it not the most excellent ordinance that possibly can be imagined As well to open themselues without disorder to giue a way to their Fireshot to saly forth and retire in safety without any daunger of any charge by their Enemies horse and so more fit and conuenient for our warres and weapons now in vse than they were for the weapons of that age wherein they were first practized And if neither the small nor great artillery of our age could euer make the Zwitzers or Launce-Knights to leaue their massie mayne Battaile or Phalanx but that in all warres they haue so honourably discharged themselues as all Princes are glad to embrace their friendships and aydes how much more wold they haue excelled if they had reuiued also the Roman Embattailing in Battalions which they inuented onely to defeat the Macedonian and Graecian Phalanx 3. Now for the 3. Inuectiue against their Phrenzie that would haue in Souldierie or Diuinitie such refined Discipline as is impossible for men and more fit for Angels I answere I am indeede of their opinion that it is fantasticke and phanaticall to aduise such a Discipline any way as is impossible for men to

would wonderfully repaire the honour of any Nation So the tolleration of them and much more the imploying of them again in new charges by their Example may breed effects most dangerous and fearefull if in time by due execution of right Martiall discipline such weeds bee not eradicate The Lacedemonians by due obedience to their Martiall lawes were become the most mighty and puissant State of all the Graecians which then for Heroical prowesse surmoūted all the world besides as by the multitude of their victories on the Orientall Nations and Asiaticall mightie Empires is apparant Whose huge Armies and innumerable Forces they vanquished in a number of Battailes with a very few but choise painefull sober well trained and disciplined Bands being accustomed from their infancy to trauaile paines sobriety and hardnes And by the same custome and education learned also with all dutie to obey their Superiors Reuerence the Elders and to feare nothing but shame and infamie And of all infamies none so great to a man there as cowardize being by their verie lawes noted with disgrace perpetuall to his death that ran away from his Enemies in the field or saued his life by flight Which fault was held so soule and base as the very Mothers abhorred and renounced them yea and some with their owne hands haue killed such of their sons as by flight in the field haue saued their liues as Traitors to their countrey and dishonorable to their parentes Yea they were disgraded from all honour and imployment marked by shauing of halfe their heades and beards derided and disdained of all their countrimen and lawfull for all men to abuse and beat them as seruiceable Slaues These were the shames ordained for Fugitiues in those warlike Nations Whereupon a King of theirs being demanded how it came to passe that the Lacedemonians so farre excelled all others in prowesse and armes Because quoth he they are taught from their infancy not to feare death but shame As Marius also that famous Romane Generall said of himselfe hee had learned to feare nothing but Infamy They therefore that by education in lawlesse warres grow so impudent as to vant of their foiles and flights which by true Martiall lawes especially in leaders and Commanders should bee noted and punished with perpetuall shame are so farre of frō true Souldiery and Martial honor as they are fitter like most dangerous contagious sheep to be expelled seuered in time lest they infect with their leprosy the whole troup Military flock howsoeuer the corruptiōs of this age ignorāce of the dāgers that ensue by contēpt of true Martial honor may excuse or delay their due punishmēt or shame for a time For if a chief Commander shal neither blush to saue himself by flight nor corruptly to make his gain by the death of his poore Souldiers through Frauds periury and deceipt in Musters his readiest plot to grow rich and puissant is presently so soone as hee can finger his souldiers pay or Princes Treasure To deuise some desperate vnfeasible Seruice where he may bring his Fantery to haue their throats cut and then hauing choise horses to saue himselfe by flight and his confederate Fauorites with the pay of the dead they may banquet and riot their fill and haue so great Masses of Treasure to make friends as none of these Tragedies can come to vnripping if once it bee perswaded lawfull or intollerable for a Generall or chiefe Commaunders to saue themselues by flight But the tollaration thereof and of these Fraudes and abuses in Musters and the immeasurable sweete gaines that bad consciences see they may make thereby if they can also shake of shame and extinguish true Martiall discipline is the chiefest ●● use of all base and dishonorable corruptions and will still encrease such impudency and insolency as corrupt persons by sufferance will grow vnto Which ought so much the more seuerely and speedily with the sword of Iustice and true Militarie Lawes in time to bee corrected as the continuance doth make the disease more desperate and perrilous to their State and more hard to bee recured when wealthie wickednes thereby getteth such authoritie and purchaseth such parties as after by Iustice shall hardly bee suppressed vnlesse the Souereigne Maiestie or Ephores of the State in time I say minister the bitter Medicine that onely must cure this pestilent and contagious sicknesse For if Demetria of Sparta with her owne hands killed for cowardize her sonne Demetrien as a degenerate Monster not worthy to bee called a Lacedemonian or to walk on the earth being as she said a monument dishonourable to his countrey and parents and the like done by diuers other Ladies and worthy Women of that State to their owne children for abandoning onely of their Ranke to saue their liues when they were forced with violence and Multitudes of their Enemies What could these woorthy women haue done to such sonnes as premeditately before hand prouided them horses of swift carrier to saue themselues so soone as they shall finde any danger growing Or if this fault of Flying or abandoning their Rank only hath beene in a priuate souldier so abhorred as his owne Mother hath executed Martiall Iustice vpon him with detestation of his cowardize as vnworthie to drinke of the Riuer Eurotas or to beare the name of a Lacedemonian How much more is the same to bee detested in a Commaunder On whose error or cowardize the liues of so many as are vnder his charge dependeth besides the dishonour of his Nation Or if that fault could receiue in that Martiall Nation no excuse though they were enforced therto by the violence and Multitude of their enemies How much more abhominable is it in them that of purpose before hand are prouided of their meanes to runne away and abandon those for whose safetie it were their duty to sacrifice their liues And by leauing their souldiers to the butchery to make their excessiue gaines by the payes of the dead and Robberie of their Prince and Countrey If so many woorthie Generals both Greekes and Romanes that full easily at sundry battailes might haue escaped and saued their owne liues haue refused vtterly both horses and all other meanes offered them to saue themselues and chosen rather when all hope was past to sacrifice their liues among their troupes than to returne to yeeld a dishonorable account of the blood of their souldiers How much more should wee abhorre such as not onely commit these base errors but impudently also are not ashamed to make their vauntes thereof If Manlius Torquatus when his sonne was challenged by a chiefe Commaunder on the contrary side onely because without leaue he did accept the particular Combate although hee had the Victorie and strake of his Enemies head in sight of both Armies would neuerthelesse haue executed the Martiall law vpon his valiant Son Onely because he brake one point of Martial discipline What reward doo wee thinke this Generall would haue bestowed on one of our

most famous Generals of our time I meane the Prince of Condee and the Prince of Orange at the first to tollerate these cankers which after wrought the very Ruine of those States It is a singuler warning to King and Princes that haue Realmes to commaund that not yet so farre corrupted and able to yeelde maintenance for honest and right Martiall souldiers by no meanes for want of conuenient wages stipend and pay to giue any colour or excuse to this degenerate bastardly kinde of Seruitors or rather Pickers to excuse their corrupt Artes or Diuellish craftes and abuses And for their Subiects of all degrees rather to giue double and treble Subsidies yearely to continue an honourable pay for maintenance of sober valiant painefull honest obedient souldiers in true Martiall discipline than to become a praye to these mercilesse carrowsing degenerate insatiable monsters And it is to bee hoped the present King of Fraunce if God blesse him with any obedience of his Subiects as were to bee wished and his constancie in Religion and other Heroicall vertues meriteth will no doubt by all due meanes in his Territories endeuour to procure a Reformation of these horrible disorders which is yet vtterly impossible for him to redresse being in that state by long continuance growne to a most difficile and hard cure But as the Estates of the vnited Prouinces by meanes of such bad pay and collections of corruptions in their Martiall or rather mercenarie Commaunders did also for many yeares together continually lose by peacemeale a number of strong Fortes Towers and Prouinces in their possessions being driuen almost on euery side downe into their Marches where they were enforced to implore her Maiesties present ayde to escape their impendent ruine So hauing of late by honourable Example of her Maiesties Bands well reformed that their base kinde of pay and in part thereby also their other abuses which of late yeares hath crept in among their Enemies haue beene able to make head and recouer againe many of those important places that before they lost Repayring thereby somewhat the fault of their former Errors Yet when I perswade to giue vnto all Colonels and such like chiefe Commaunders such Entertainment as may suffice them contentedly to liue without seeking so much as by tolleration or suffering of Frauds to enrich themselues or to supply their wants It is no part of my meaning to haue Collonels so commune or such multitude of needlesse Officers as in disorderly warres hath beene accustomed For one Collonell or Maestro del Campo may very well suffice for three or foure thousand men and the contrarie is but an abuse and embasing of that name which should not bee bestowed but on olde souldiers of iudgement and experience able to discharge a place of that importance And this Officer hauing for himselfe his Martiall his Serieant Maior and other necessary chiefe Officers of his Regiment conuenient allowance to maintaine on honourable Table the inferiour priuate Captaines may and ought to content themselues with meaner port till by vertue and desert they bee aduaunced to higher place And abhorring all vanitie in apparrell and wastefull expences in baser appetites endeuour themselues by trauell care good Armes and trayning of their companies in right Martiall exercises and exploits in the Field vpon their Enemies to make their value knowne and by such Aemulation one to excell another whereby they may bee chosen and aduanced to higher offices The priuate Captaines place being indeede but the first steppe toward Martiall honour And therefore not to bee accompanied with such pompe as now is too too vsuall It may perhaps be replied So long as men are content to accept these glorious names only without any charge to their Princes purses or crauing any encrease of pay it is a small matter to content phantasies with Feathers I answere it it a matter of farre greater consequence than is conceiued For first it embaseth those degrees of honor which chiefly should allure right Martiall mindes and makes them seeme vile when they are so common as they fall to the the lot of persons vnworthy such degree and so grow in contempt and not affected after by the true honourable mindes Besides wanting maintenance for the due port of that place they are enforced to bee patrons to all or many of those disorders and abuses before mentioned vnlesse they would choose to vndoo themselues and friends to maintaine it otherwise which fewe I thinke now a daies vse to doo Farther hauing once taken a greater name they disdain euer after to serue in any inferiour calling fitter indeede for their Experience And so become persons altogether vnprofitable and to maintaine those glorious names enforced by shift of braine to trie conclusions And so by all these meanes the cause of greater inconueniences I conclude therefore by all these reasons before alleaged and the successe of plaine experience also both of old time and in our owne age that as it is more honourable for the Prince and most necessary for the aduancement of the Seruice to haue all chiefe needefull Commaunders to haue such compleat Entertainment as they may without extortion or corruption in themselues or alteration of abuses in others maintaine their place with Reputation and execute Martiall discipline with seuerity So discharging their duties honorably and honestly they shal saue at least one third part of the royal or publike Treasure and yet the forces though not in shew of Ensignes to scare Dawes yet in armed hands to conquer Enemies farre more strong and puissant than those multitudes of colors farced with Freebooters or other seely vnarmed Ghosts or disordered Mutinous persons that by licentious education will scarcely endure the paines of Watch and Ward or abide the due execution of any true Martiall discipline And as these superiour Gouernours and Commaunders doing their duties are worthie of all reputation credite aduauncement and honour So contrariwise after they haue conuenient entertainment if they shall be found the Patrones or Pandars to such corruptions and abuses as tend to the ruine of all true discipline Militare I would wish them disgraded and with all shame disarmed as vncapable euer after to their graue of any true Martiall honour And for proofe of this Proposition in all the chiefe officers also of an Armie for a taste of the rest hauing chosen to treate of the Martiall Censor or generall Comptroler of Musters I say there are of this kinde of Officers as likewise of all others two sorts The one honest iust fearing God respecting the honour commoditie and aduauncement of their Princes Seruice The other neither iust nor honest nor possessed with any Feare or Reuerence of God but ayming onely at fauour wealth and aduauncement in this corrupt world care not what becomes of the Seruice so they may by any meanes enrich themselues and purchase friends to backe them in all their vnhonest proceedings But more briefely or plainly to set forth the different or repugnant

and Outrages as the common crew of such Caterpillers and Vermine doo As hauing nothing at home to loose or Art to liue seeke the warres onely like Free-booters for rauine and spoile 2 I say it was also a commendable custome in those States and common-weales to choose Captaines and Commaunders of credit and account in their Countries Cities or Townes that might traine and exercise neighbours in all Martiall and Militarie Exercises at home before they led them to the warres whereby the very children in those States only by looking on knew farre better both the vse of euerie sort of weapon and how to march and raunge themselues into any forme of battell yea how to defend themselues like souldiers from euery kinde of charge or assault of their Enemies farre better I say than many of our braue men that haue haunted such licentious warres or pickories many a yeare 3 I say also that it was a commendable course to make such choise of Captaines in those Antique warres as being men of Reputation of the same countrey or Citie from whence their souldiers were leuied might haue the greater care to performe their duties towards their countrimen and neighbours among whom they should liue at their returne from the warres and thereby receiue euer after vnto their death from them and their friends eyther conuenient praise and loue or infamie and hatred as their Gouernement had merited So in these daies that the Captaines are become not onely the leaders but also the Pagadores or Pay-Masters of their Bandes there is greater cause to haue them chosen not onely of skill and reputation but also of abilitie to aunswere an accompt of such Treasure as shall come to their handes for the payment of their souldiers Seeing otherwise if they bee base-minded corrupt persons they may full easily wrong starue and waste their Souldiers many waies to make their owne profit by their death and consumption of their Band especially where fraudes in Musters by lewde custome shall also growe tollerable For if any such Captaines bee chosen as eyther haue nothing of their owne at home to liue vpon or neuer meane to turne into the Countrey whereas the Souldiers were leuied to receiue from them and their friendes the honour or infamy the loue or hatred that their behauiour hath merited what hope is there that such a one will leaue the excessiue sweete gaine hee may make by the fliecing or rather flaying of his flocke and not according to the Moderne Discipline scrape and rake-in what hee may to liue afterward hauing neither land liuing nor Art otherwise to maintaine himselfe when the warres are done 4 Likewise where Captaines were rightly chosen of such Reputation and credit as is before repeated that they had a speciall care in health and sicknesse to prouide things necessarie to preserue the liues of their Souldiers being their Tenaunts or Neighbours that euer after to their death would honour and loue them for it and the kindred and friends of those Souldiers also whensoeuer it came to any fight with the Enemie they were euer most assured and faithfull to such Leaders and they likewise to them In such sort as it was almost impossible to breake such a knot ef vnited mindes but being otherwise leuied as too too commonly in our Moderne warres hath beene accustomed where the Captaine neither knowes his Souldiers nor the Souldiers their Captain before the Seruice nor euer meane to meete againe when the warres are ended As the loue is small betweene them So is their fidelitye and confidence much lesse And as the Captaine taketh small care to prouide for them eyther in health or sicknesse for any necessaries to preserue liues So haue as smal deuotion to aduenture their liues for him or his honour to whom indeed the chiefe reputation of their good seruice alwaies should redound But rather in all Encounters with the Enemie how to make shift by flight to saue their liues If then these kinde of Captains also very prouidently foreseeing the worst which is likely to happen will not bee vnprouided of a beast to run-away trusting rather to the legs of his horse than to all the hands in his Band What can bee conceiued But that heereof chiefely it comes to passe that in these moderne warres wee heare of so many violent Retraits For so in their new discipline they terme that which in the olde warres was called shamefull flight I meane when the Captaine and some of his Officers spur-away on horsebacke and the rest throwe away both armour and weapons to leape ditches the more lightly and are shamfully slaine without resistance and many times by multitudes pressing to get boats do drowne themselues Now whether such accidents bee too vsuall or no I referre it to their owne consciences that most boldly will commend this base moderne discipline And if it be true whether there bee any more likely cause thereof than the diffidence before recited betweene the Captaine and his souldiers and the want of shame which in the Antique Souldiery was euer accounted the highest vertue But now by depraued custome in our licentious degenerate warres vtterly lost and abandoned and such accounted brauest men that are become of all others the most impudent 5 I say also it was a most honorable order to haue it punished with great shame in any souldier to lose or throw-away his Armes being held among the Graecians a perpetuall disgrace for any priuate souldier so much as to loose his Target But if now both Captaines and some chiefe Commaunders also of the Moderne new Militia will bee much offended to haue any of their Band so much as checked by the Censor or Muster-Master for lacke of his Curates or Caske And to encourage either to leaue their Armes wil seldome themselues euer weare any but take it for a great brauerie and Magnanimitie in Seruice to bee seene vnarmed What shall I say but that indeed for them that neuer meane to fight but to escape by flight to bee the lighter for a swift carrier it is a verie politique inuention and a gainfull Discipline 6 It was also an honourable course of Antiquitie besides the choise of the Captaines of such credit in their Townes Countries at their entring also into Seruice to binde them and their Souldiers all with a sacred solemne Militarie oath being holden no better than a thiefe or Free-booter that followed the warres vnlesse hee were enrolled vnder some Ensigne and had receiued his Militare oath whereby hee vowed both obedience and fidelitie and rather to die than dishonourably to abandon his Leader and Ensigne But in such new Discipline these ceremonies are scoffed at and Captaines chosen sutable to their loose depraued Soulderie 7 It was also a laudable custome to haue the Captaine cary his own Armes in his Ensigne besides the Ensignes of the Regiments which were among the Romans alway Eagles And that hee that lost his Ensigne should bee held a disgraced man not fit to carrie Armes