body_n in_o the_o field_n as_o they_o be_v by_o he_o in_o paper_n when_o the_o phalanx_n present_v their_o pike_n by_o half_a file_n to_o front_n and_o rear_n the_o greek_n call_v it_o in_o that_o posture_n amphistomus_fw-la when_o the_o general_n command_v the_o wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n to_o advance_v and_o the_o body_n to_o make_v a_o bow_n or_o crescent_n and_o in_o that_o posture_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o wedge_n battle_n than_o it_o be_v call_v antistomus_n and_o when_o by_o face_v either_o by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n about_o the_o rear_n be_v make_v the_o front_n than_o the_o phalange_n be_v call_v peristomus_fw-la and_o so_o of_o other_o needless_a to_o rehearse_v it_o may_v be_v i_o mistake_v in_o the_o greek_a name_n as_o have_v indeed_o but_o very_o little_a knowledge_n in_o that_o language_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o grecian_a march_n baggage_n encamp_v guard_n and_o of_o their_o paean_n all_o these_o belong_v to_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o any_o nation_n and_o none_o will_v doubt_v but_o the_o grecian_n have_v set_v rule_n and_o order_n for_o they_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o which_o they_o do_v not_o alter_v but_o according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o thing_n and_o emergency_n of_o affair_n on_o which_o depend_v most_o of_o military_a action_n aelian_a give_v we_o little_a light_n or_o indeed_o none_o at_o all_o in_o any_o of_o these_o particular_n aelian_a most_o of_o they_o forget_v by_o aelian_a but_o leave_v we_o to_o glean_v what_o we_o can_v out_o of_o history_n and_o thereon_o to_o build_v our_o own_o conjecture_n it_o have_v be_v convenient_a for_o we_o to_o have_v know_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o march_v where_o or_o how_o the_o horse_n the_o heavy_a and_o light_o arm_v and_o how_o far_o every_o day_n all_o of_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o march_v as_o also_o whether_o the_o chiliarchy_n which_o be_v regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o the_o hipparchy_n which_o be_v regiment_n of_o march_n march_n horse_n change_v day_n about_o or_o if_o they_o march_v constant_o in_o one_o place_n according_a to_o their_o antiquity_n or_o precedency_n for_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o their_o ephipparchy_n which_o be_v brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o their_o myriarchy_n which_o be_v brigade_n of_o foot_n may_v have_v change_v van_n and_o rear_n every_o day_n by_o turn_n as_o easy_o as_o our_o brigade_n do_v but_o since_o we_o be_v leave_v by_o our_o leader_n aelian_a in_o the_o dark_a i_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o be_v there_o be_v by_o aelian_o account_n four_o ephipparchy_n in_o the_o cavalry_n and_o four_o phalangarchy_n in_o the_o phalange_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n they_o change_v day_n about_o and_o each_o of_o they_o have_v the_o van_n every_o four_o day_n as_o also_o i_o think_v it_o be_v most_o consentaneous_a to_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v four_o chiliarchy_n in_o every_o phalangarchy_n and_o four_o talentinarchy_n in_o every_o ephipparchy_n they_o likewise_o daily_o change_v so_o that_o every_o talentinarchy_n have_v the_o van_n in_o the_o ephipparchy_n every_o four_o day_n as_o every_o chiliarchy_n have_v in_o the_o phalangarchy_n i_o shall_v likewise_o believe_v that_o the_o cavalry_n march_v either_o before_o behind_z or_o on_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot_n phalange_n according_a to_o the_o enemy_n motion_n and_o so_o do_v the_o light_a arm_a foot_n by_o these_o conjecture_n i_o do_v not_o offer_v to_o impose_v on_o any_o man_n belief_n but_o leave_v he_o that_o liberty_n that_o i_o have_v take_v to_o guess_v as_o probable_o as_o he_o can_v how_o far_o the_o heavy_a arm_a phalange_n be_v bind_v to_o march_v in_o one_o day_n as_o i_o can_v assert_v nothing_o so_o i_o may_v only_o guess_v that_o they_o can_v be_v bind_v to_o march_v but_o twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n as_o the_o roman_a legionary_n be_v and_o therefore_o i_o can_v hardly_o believe_v polianus_fw-la who_o say_v philip_n make_v his_o phalange_n march_v in_o one_o day_n three_o hundred_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n which_o make_v thirty_o seven_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a you_o will_v think_v this_o the_o more_o incredible_a when_o you_o hear_v immediate_o what_o baggage_n they_o carry_v concern_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o grecian_a army_n our_o author_n give_v we_o this_o account_n first_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o appoint_v a_o judicious_a and_o active_a person_n to_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o it_o he_o say_v well_o next_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o sometime_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o van_n of_o the_o army_n and_o so_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v if_o the_o baggage_n baggage_n enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o say_v he_o it_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n when_o the_o army_n advance_v towards_o a_o enemy_n and_o good_a reason_n it_o shall_v be_v so_o sometime_o say_v he_o it_o march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n and_o there_o may_v be_v strong_a enough_o reason_n for_o that_o too_o but_o sometime_o he_o say_v it_o be_v order_v to_o march_v in_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n and_o so_o it_o may_v provide_v it_o have_v good_a guard_n on_o the_o flank_n of_o it_o and_o last_o he_o aver_v the_o grecian_n send_v their_o baggage_n sometime_o before_o their_o army_n when_o they_o be_v to_o enter_v iuto_fw-la a_o declare_a enemy_n country_n and_o here_o i_o profess_v i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o understand_v the_o mystery_n of_o this_o stratagem_n of_o war._n but_o i_o wish_v aelian_a have_v clear_v we_o in_o this_o whether_o the_o soldier_n or_o company_n of_o horse_n or_o foot_n have_v wagon_n cart_n beast_n of_o carriage_n drudge_n and_o slave_n allow_v they_o to_o carry_v their_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o farthel_n or_o if_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o carry_v all_o themselves_o for_o in_o my_o next_o essay_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n i_o shall_v let_v you_o see_v a_o legionary_a carry_v three_o magazine_n on_o his_o head_n back_o and_o shoulder_n the_o first_o of_o arm_n stake_n or_o pallisadoe_n the_o second_o of_o meat_n and_o clothes_n and_o the_o three_o of_o utensil_n for_o a_o kitchin_n if_o of_o all_o these_o three_o the_o greek_a be_v only_o oblige_v to_o carry_v his_o arm_n he_o have_v a_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o roman_a in_o all_o march_n and_o expedition_n yet_o i_o suppose_v my_o reader_n may_v hazard_v with_o i_o to_o believe_v that_o before_o philip_n of_o macedon_n time_n the_o grecian_a soldier_n carry_v no_o other_o burden_n than_o their_o arm_n but_o have_v baggage_n the_o grecian_a soldier_n carry_v no_o baggage_n either_o carriage-beast_n or_o drudge_n allow_v they_o for_o carry_v their_o victual_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o this_o conjecture_n i_o ground_n upon_o what_o i_o have_v read_v in_o thucydides_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o at_o syracuse_n after_o the_o unfortunate_a athenian_n have_v lose_v their_o navy_n in_o which_o be_v all_o or_o most_o of_o their_o provision_n and_o that_o they_o be_v to_o march_v away_o by_o land_n from_o the_o siege_n of_o that_o potent_a city_n to_o seek_v new_a fortune_n their_o soldier_n be_v necessitate_v to_o carry_v their_o meat_n themselves_o because_o say_v the_o historian_n they_o have_v most_o lose_v their_o slave_n and_o drudge_n who_o be_v accustom_a to_o carry_v it_o and_o some_o few_o who_o slave_n have_v stay_v still_o with_o they_o dare_v not_o trust_v they_o with_o so_o precious_a a_o thing_n as_o meat_n than_o be_v lest_o in_o that_o sad_a disaster_n they_o shall_v run_v away_o with_o it_o and_o so_o starve_v they_o if_o then_o their_o slave_n run_v away_o from_o time_n till_o philip_n of_o macedon_n time_n they_o than_o slave_n be_v allow_v they_o and_o it_o seem_v king_n philip_n abrogate_a this_o custom_n for_o he_o cause_v all_o his_o foot_n soldier_n to_o carry_v their_o meat_n and_o baggage_n themselves_o allow_v only_o one_o soujat_a to_o carry_v a_o hand-mill_n for_o the_o use_n of_o ten_o soldier_n and_o a_o drudge_n to_o every_o horseman_n this_o cause_v the_o other_o grecian_n to_o call_v the_o philippian_n jumenta_fw-la philippi_n philip_n beast_n of_o carriage_n but_o for_o all_o that_o i_o have_v not_o faith_n enough_o to_o believe_v frontinus_n who_o say_v that_o the_o same_o philip_n cause_v his_o foot_n to_o carry_v at_o one_o time_n triginta_fw-la dierum_fw-la farinam_fw-la meal_n for_o thirty_o day_n and_o if_o his_o son_n alexander_n keep_v up_o that_o custom_n as_o it_o be_v like_a he_o do_v than_o his_o phalangites_n need_v not_o to_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o roman_a legionary_n for_o heavy_a burden_n in_o both_o long_a and_o wearisome_a march_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v consider_v the_o indefatigable_a expedition_n of_o that_o magnanimous_a king_n through_o persia_n and_o india_n it_o seem_v aelian_a have_v not_o
and_o castrametation_n do_v more_o resemble_v our_o form_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n than_o the_o roman_a for_o we_o find_v the_o ark_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o conductor_n and_o great_a general_n of_o that_o army_n lodge_v in_o the_o centre_n and_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a camp_n about_o it_o the_o levite_n who_o be_v honour_v to_o be_v its_o guard_n and_o without_o they_o and_o about_o they_o the_o other_o tribe_n as_o they_o be_v marshal_v by_o moses_n the_o man_n of_o god_n and_o as_o they_o be_v encamp_v so_o we_o read_v they_o march_v first_o the_o ensign_n of_o judah_n and_o under_o it_o three_o tribe_n next_o the_o ensign_n of_o reuben_n and_o under_o it_o three_o tribe_n after_o they_o march_v the_o levite_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n and_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o they_o the_o ark_n after_o they_o come_v the_o ensign_n of_o ephraim_n under_o which_o be_v three_o tribe_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n march_v the_o ensign_n of_o dan_n and_o under_o it_o three_o tribe_n the_o rampart_n and_o ditch_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n as_o to_o both_o the_o end_n of_o it_o be_v make_v and_o defend_v by_o the_o two_o roman_a legion_n and_o the_o ally_n be_v oblige_v to_o fortify_v and_o maintain_v both_o the_o side_n of_o this_o consular_a camp_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v perhaps_o more_o than_o enough_o see_v the_o figure_n of_o lipsius_n steuâ—chius_n and_o the_o lord_n preissac_n chap._n xxii_o of_o guard_n watch_n watchword_n and_o round_n if_o this_o camp_n though_o never_o so_o strong_o fortify_v be_v not_o careful_o guard_v it_o will_v be_v but_o a_o prey_n to_o a_o resolute_a enemy_n both_o the_o roman_a and_o grecjan_a guard_n be_v as_o we_o be_v of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o difference_n be_v this_o they_o have_v several_a guard_n for_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n we_o continue_v twenty_o four_o hour_n unless_o some_o emergency_n alter_v the_o custom_n you_o have_v the_o roman_a guard_n express_v by_o three_o several_a word_n common_a in_o author_n and_o though_o all_o three_o signify_v guard_n in_o some_o sense_n yet_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o with_o submission_n to_o other_o these_o three_o several_a word_n signify_v three_o several_a thing_n excubiâ—_n vigilia_fw-la and_o stationes_n be_v the_o three_o word_n excubia_n i_o conceive_v signify_v the_o man_n who_o what_o excubiâ—_n what_o keep_v guard_n and_o sentinel_n vigilia_fw-la the_o several_a distinct_a time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v to_o keep_v guard_n and_o sentinel_n and_o stationes_n be_v the_o place_n where_o they_o keep_v guard_n and_o sentinel_n which_o we_o call_v ordinary_o post_n the_o ancient_n divide_v the_o night_n summer_n and_o winter_n begin_v at_o six_o at_o night_n and_o end_v at_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n into_o four_o vigilia_fw-la or_o watch_n allow_v three_o hour_n to_o every_o what_o vigilia_fw-la what_o watch_n after_o which_o time_n the_o night-guard_n be_v relieve_v by_o the_o day_n once_o for_o we_o read_v not_o of_o any_o vigilia_fw-la in_o the_o day_n time_n from_o hence_o we_o have_v in_o all_o ancient_a story_n the_o action_n of_o the_o night_n season_n describe_v by_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o hour_n of_o the_o first_o second_o three_o or_o four_o vigil_n and_o so_o the_o knight_n of_o old_a and_o some_o yet_o knighthood_n be_v a_o military_a order_n be_v to_o keep_v their_o vigil_n on_o the_o eve_n before_o they_o receive_v that_o order_n static_a be_v a_o word_n that_o come_v what_o stationâ—â—_n what_o a_o stando_fw-la from_o stand_v and_o be_v as_o i_o say_v take_v for_o a_o post_n yet_o the_o denomination_n be_v not_o from_o the_o place_n where_o but_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o watch_v and_o the_o posture_n be_v say_v to_o be_v stand_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o all_o the_o roman_a guard_n stand_v only_o the_o sentinel_n for_o the_o other_o three_o that_o be_v on_o a_o post_n lay_v down_o and_o sleep_v whether_o their_o horse-guard_n stand_v constant_o their_o rider_n be_v on_o horseback_n author_n make_v it_o not_o clear_a i_o suppose_v it_o be_v only_o the_o sentinel_n yet_o probable_o it_o be_v otherwise_o and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o extreme_a fatigue_n either_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n or_o cold_a of_o winter_n we_o read_v in_o lavy_n 45_o book_n that_o the_o consul_n lucius_n aemiliâ—s_n in_o the_o macedonian_a war_n order_v the_o horse-guard_n to_o be_v relieve_v at_o noon_n so_o the_o day_n from_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n till_o six_o at_o night_n be_v equal_o divide_v by_o two_o several_a guard_n of_o horse_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o foot-guard_n be_v also_o change_v it_o seem_v not_o else_o the_o historian_n have_v mention_v it_o and_o if_o not_o that_o consul_n have_v have_v a_o more_o tender_a regard_n to_o horse_n than_o men._n the_o military_a word_n station_n have_v since_o be_v appropriate_v to_o all_o other_o profession_n yea_o and_o to_o all_o other_o trade_n be_v they_o never_o so_o mechanic_n and_o low_a yea_o to_o all_o magistrate_n and_o office-bearer_n how_o high_a soever_o even_o to_o he_o who_o be_v vest_v with_o the_o sovereign_n and_o supreme_a power_n so_o that_o every_o man_n in_o his_o station_n be_v a_o word_n now_o proper_a enough_o the_o ancient_n keep_v guard_n both_o without_o and_o within_o their_o camp_n within_o camp_n roman_n guard_n within_o the_o camp_n the_o roman_n order_v a_o maniple_n to_o watch_v at_o the_o praetorium_n or_o consul_n quarter_n day_n and_o night_n three_o quaternion_n of_o soldier_n watch_v at_o the_o treasury_n two_o at_o the_o legate_n quarter_n and_o two_o for_o every_o tribune_n and_o one_o be_v appoint_v to_o look_v to_o the_o quarter_n of_o every_o maniple_n all_o these_o be_v of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la for_o the_o triarii_n keep_v guard_n at_o the_o horse-quarter_n every_o hundred_o foot_n of_o the_o rampart_n have_v a_o quaternion_n of_o soldier_n to_o guard_v it_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o guard_n be_v call_v quaternion_n be_v because_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o four_o soldier_n that_o be_v order_v for_o one_o sentinel_n which_o they_o keep_v by_o turn_n we_o find_v these_o military_a term_n of_o the_o roman_n use_v by_o the_o penman_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n in_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n it_o be_v say_v that_o herod_n deliver_v st._n peter_n to_o be_v guard_v by_o four_o quaternion_n of_o soldier_n that_o be_v to_z four_z guards_z each_o compose_v of_o four_o soldier_n every_o one_o of_o which_o quaternion_n or_o guard_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o centinel_n upon_o he_o the_o quaternio_fw-la or_o the_o four_o soldier_n be_v to_o watch_v full_a twelve_o hour_n every_o one_o of_o what_o a_o quaternion_n what_o they_o a_o vigil_n to_o wit_n three_o hour_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v one_o of_o they_o stand_v centinel_n one_o whole_a vigil_n because_o they_o can_v not_o well_o by_o their_o glass_n divide_v a_o vigil_n of_o three_o hour_n into_o four_o several_a part_n and_o true_o that_o be_v too_o long_o for_o in_o four_o hour_n time_n a_o centinel_n may_v very_o ready_o have_v be_v both_o weary_a and_o sleepy_a for_o any_o thing_n i_o yet_o know_v the_o guard_n without_o the_o camp_n be_v only_o keep_v in_o camp_n roman_n guard_n without_o their_o camp_n the_o day_n time_n and_o before_o every_o port_n of_o it_o a_o cohort_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n watch_v but_o when_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o their_o station_n or_o guard_n be_v double_v tripled_a or_o quadruple_v according_a as_o the_o danger_n seem_v to_o require_v this_o say_v terduzzi_n be_v a_o easy_a duty_n because_o say_v he_o there_o be_v forty_o cohort_n and_o forty_o troop_n in_o the_o four_o legion_n and_o therefore_o he_o think_v they_o watch_v but_o every_o ten_o night_n but_o he_o do_v not_o consider_v how_o many_o guard_n be_v terduzzi_n mistake_v of_o terduzzi_n keep_v within_o the_o leaguer_n for_o if_o he_o have_v he_o may_v have_v conclude_v that_o the_o foot_n ordinary_o watch_v every_o four_o night_n and_o when_o the_o guard_n be_v double_v or_o tripled_a the_o duty_n will_v come_v upon_o they_o every_o second_o if_o not_o every_o other_o day_n the_o consul_n or_o general_n appoint_v the_o station_n or_o place_n where_o guard_n shall_v be_v keep_v without_o the_o camp_n which_o in_o reason_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v so_o order_v that_o they_o may_v have_v have_v succour_n according_a to_o the_o necessity_n or_o exigence_n of_o affair_n and_o therefore_o you_o may_v find_v that_o caesar_n when_o he_o cause_v his_o guard_n to_o advance_v near_o the_o enemy_n and_o further_o from_o his_o own_o camp_n he_o still_o command_v fresh_a troop_n and_o cohort_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o to_o
march_v every_o day_n in_o armour_n for_o custom_n be_v another_o nature_n but_o this_o point_n of_o exercise_v be_v general_o neglect_v but_o second_o i_o say_v if_o ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la or_o the_o present_a necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v such_o a_o speedy_a and_o continuate_v march_n than_o such_o a_o army_n as_o ordinary_o we_o call_v a_o fly_a one_o shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o consist_v of_o light_a horse_n dragoon_n and_o musqueteer_n and_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n and_o foot_n shall_v be_v leave_v to_o march_v after_o with_o as_o much_o haste_n as_o convenient_o they_o can_v to_o who_o the_o light_n arm_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n may_v easy_o make_v their_o retreat_n for_o to_o bring_v these_o heavy_a arm_a forward_a as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n do_v and_o then_o permit_v they_o to_o cast_v away_o their_o defensive_a arm_n be_v to_o denude_v yourself_o of_o the_o strength_n of_o your_o force_n and_o army_n our_o modern_a army_n as_o the_o 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company_n represent_v the_o ancient_a militia_n and_o we_o find_v a_o universal_a deâ—ect_n in_o the_o cavalry_n as_o to_o the_o heavy_a arm_v there_o be_v but_o few_o curiassier_n in_o many_o army_n and_o in_o very_a many_o none_o of_o they_o at_o all_o to_o be_v see_v since_o the_o invention_n of_o gun_n we_o find_v till_o these_o latter_a time_n all_o nation_n do_v allow_v defensive_a arm_n to_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o service_n that_o be_v to_o be_v require_v of_o they_o the_o cavalry_n be_v ordinary_o divide_v into_o curiassier_n and_o harquebusier_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o that_o more_o full_o afterward_o the_o first_o be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v man_n and_o horse_n and_o those_o we_o call_v man_n horseman_n defensive_a arm_n for_o horseman_n at_o arm_n and_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o harquebusier_n have_v a_o head-piece_n back_n and_o breast_n their_o horse_n no_o arm_n at_o all_o but_o now_o for_o most_o part_n the_o case_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o curiassier_n we_o have_v harquebusier_n and_o instead_o of_o harquebusier_n we_o have_v horseman_n only_o arm_v offensive_o here_o i_o must_v answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v this_o if_o the_o armour_n for_o horseman_n be_v not_o musket-proof_n either_o the_o bullet_n pierce_v through_o or_o beat_v the_o iron_n into_o the_o horsemans_n body_n which_o be_v equal_o dangerous_a and_o if_o it_o be_v proof_n it_o be_v exceed_o troublesome_a to_o both_o man_n and_o horse_n but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o have_v be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n arm_n make_v that_o be_v proof_n and_o of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v a_o curiassier_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o strong_a body_n and_o shall_v ride_v a_o horse_n that_o for_o height_n and_o strength_n shall_v be_v fit_a for_o that_o service_n wherein_o both_o he_o and_o his_o rider_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v as_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o afterward_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot-soldier_n or_o pikeman_n shall_v have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o pikeman_n for_o pikeman_n back_n and_o breast_n a_o belly-piece_n taslet_n for_o their_o thigh_n and_o grieve_v for_o their_o arm_n the_o armour_n for_o their_o head_n breast_n and_o belly_n shall_v be_v carrabineproof_n and_o that_o for_o their_o back_n pistol-proof_n but_o we_o shall_v rare_o see_v a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n in_o such_o harness_n and_o no_o wonder_n since_o the_o pike_n itself_o be_v not_o now_o use_v so_o much_o as_o it_o have_v be_v and_o still_o shall_v be_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v at_o length_n in_o its_o proper_a place_n but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a that_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o supine_n carelessness_n and_o inexcusable_a inadvertency_n of_o officer_n and_o commander_n in_o their_o levy_n who_o take_v no_o notice_n to_o make_v a_o difference_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o carry_v musket_n and_o pike_n distribute_v they_o promiscuous_o to_o the_o 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body_n of_o foot_n it_o be_v the_o easy_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o can_v be_v sudden_o do_v and_o therefore_o be_v dangerous_a if_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o to_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o motion_n three_o if_o all_o the_o three_o countermarche_n laconian_a macedonian_a and_o chorâ—an_n three_o three_o be_v of_o very_o little_a use_n and_o great_a danger_n in_o the_o infantry_n as_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v appear_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n than_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o use_n of_o any_o of_o the_o three_o be_v as_o little_a and_o the_o danger_n as_o great_a in_o body_n of_o cavalry_n four_o that_o i_o conceive_v wheeling_n a_o more_o proper_a motion_n and_o more_o easy_a four_o four_o for_o the_o horse_n than_o for_o the_o foot_n it_o be_v a_o motion_n that_o have_v be_v much_o use_v by_o horse_n in_o fight_n for_o unless_o in_o wheel_v they_o be_v charge_v in_o 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or_o paper_n or_o look_v upon_o the_o figure_n of_o they_o for_o the_o military_a art_n be_v practical_a one_o shall_v understand_v what_o belong_v to_o drilling_n and_o training_n more_o by_o look_v on_o the_o real_a practice_n of_o it_o three_o day_n than_o by_o the_o contemplative_a study_n of_o it_o three_o year_n when_o you_o see_v a_o countermarch_v in_o the_o field_n you_o will_v quick_o understand_v what_o a_o evolution_n it_o be_v when_o you_o see_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o in_o a_o book_n but_o you_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o know_v what_o it_o signify_v when_o you_o see_v the_o figure_n before_o the_o practice_n and_o last_o i_o avouch_v it_o to_o be_v the_o essential_a duty_n of_o a_o captain_n to_o exercise_n his_o six_o six_o troop_n or_o company_n himself_o whether_o it_o be_v of_o foot_n or_o horse_n nor_o shall_v it_o be_v permit_v that_o his_o lieutenant_n shall_v do_v it_o when_o he_o be_v present_a much_o less_o a_o sergeant_n as_o i_o have_v often_o see_v for_o 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be_v marshal_v in_o one_o division_n i_o know_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n marshal_v objection_n against_o that_o way_n of_o marshal_v of_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n division_n because_o the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n in_o the_o regiment_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o colonel_n have_v the_o van_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o the_o major_n shall_v have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n because_o it_o be_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a regiment_n i_o shall_v easy_o subscribe_v to_o this_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o though_o it_o be_v but_o answer_v answer_v one_o regiment_n yet_o be_v divide_v it_o shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o two_o distinct_a body_n and_o it_o be_v more_o honourable_a to_o have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o than_o of_o the_o last_o second_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o 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in_o this_o order_n do_v i_o see_v all_o the_o swedish_n brigades_n draw_v up_o for_o one_o year_n after_o the_o king_n death_n but_o after_o that_o time_n i_o see_v it_o wear_v out_o when_o defensive_a arm_n first_o and_o then_o pike_n come_v out_o wear_v out_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o by_o some_o vilipend_v for_o the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n if_o it_o can_v all_o march_n in_o one_o breast_n it_o shall_v regiment_n the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n do_v so_o but_o if_o not_o and_o if_o the_o ground_n permit_v it_o let_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o musqueteer_n march_v in_o breast_n next_o it_o the_o body_n of_o pike_n and_o after_o it_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o none_o of_o these_o can_v be_v then_o as_o many_o shall_v march_v in_o one_o petty_a division_n as_o the_o way_n can_v permit_v as_o suppose_v twelve_o eight_o or_o ten_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o you_o come_v to_o open_a ground_n you_o be_v to_o march_v present_o in_o squadron_n or_o as_o they_o be_v 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and_o then_o they_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o of_o leader_n become_v bringers-up_a till_o another_o rank_n come_v behind_o they_o but_o i_o good_a the_o first_o not_o at_o all_o good_a will_v have_v this_o manner_n of_o fall_v off_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n for_o in_o a_o great_a body_n it_o breed_v confusion_n and_o though_o in_o drill_v it_o may_v leisurely_o be_v do_v without_o any_o considerable_a disorder_n yet_o in_o service_n with_o a_o enemy_n where_o man_n be_v fall_v it_o procure_v a_o pitiful_a embarras_n and_o though_o it_o do_v not_o yet_o it_o ought_v to_o good_a the_o second_o good_a give_v way_n to_o a_o more_o easy_a way_n of_o fall_v off_o which_o be_v the_o second_o way_n i_o promise_v to_o tell_v you_o of_o and_o it_o be_v that_o i_o speak_v of_o of_o fall_v down_o by_o the_o interval_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v between_o file_n and_o this_o i_o will_v have_v constant_o do_v by_o turn_v to_o the_o left-hand_a after_o they_o have_v fire_v 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the_o musket_n but_o of_o the_o butt-end_n of_o it_o i_o say_v then_o once_o not_o so_o good_a as_o all_o six_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o once_o that_o this_o manner_n of_o six_o rank_n to_o fire_n at_o two_o several_a time_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v use_v for_o if_o it_o come_v to_o extremity_n it_o will_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o make_v they_o all_o fire_n at_o once_o for_o thereby_o you_o pour_v as_o much_o lead_n in_o your_o enemy_n bosom_n at_o one_o time_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o way_n at_o two_o several_a time_n and_o thereby_o you_o do_v they_o more_o mischief_n you_o quail_v daunt_v and_o astonish_v they_o three_o time_n more_o for_o one_o long_a and_o continuate_v crack_n of_o thunder_n be_v more_o terrible_a and_o dreadful_a to_o mortal_n than_o ten_o interrupt_v and_o several_a one_o though_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o ten_o be_v as_o loud_a as_o the_o long_a one_o but_o that_o i_o seem_v not_o to_o pass_v my_o word_n to_o you_o for_o this_o be_v 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discourage_v a_o enemy_n some_o great_a captain_n have_v think_v it_o fit_a in_o time_n of_o battle_n to_o make_v a_o show_n of_o their_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n at_o a_o distance_n as_o if_o they_o be_v succour_n new_o arrive_v and_o certain_o nothing_o terrify_v a_o army_n more_o in_o time_n of_o equal_a sight_n than_o a_o unexpected_a enemy_n as_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n fortunate_a arrival_n in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n between_o godfrey_n of_o bovillon_n and_o instance_n instance_n the_o saracen_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n deliver_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o christian_n but_o these_o feign_a muster_n of_o baggage-man_n and_o carriage-horse_n produce_v not_o always_o happy_a false_a show_v sometime_o happy_a the_o wish_a effect_n sulpitius_n a_o roman_a dictator_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o gaul_n order_v
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carry_v they_o need_v not_o make_v a_o three_o species_n of_o the_o infantry_n as_o aelian_a seem_v to_o insinuate_v these_o peltati_fw-la be_v nothing_o but_o light_a arm_a foot_n for_o the_o best_a arm_v of_o they_o be_v peltati_fw-la peltati_fw-la not_o so_o well_o arm_v defensive_o as_o the_o worst_a arm_v of_o the_o roman_a velite_n who_o notwithstanding_o be_v but_o reckon_v among_o the_o light_n arm_v infantry_n and_o indeed_o i_o wonder_v why_o any_o of_o the_o grecian_n at_o least_o of_o the_o macedonian_n shall_v have_v want_v these_o peltâ—_n or_o little_a target_n with_o which_o they_o ought_v likewise_o to_o have_v have_v headpiece_n or_o morrion_n as_o most_o of_o the_o roman_a velite_n have_v the_o grecian_a cavalry_n be_v likewise_o divide_v into_o two_o sort_n the_o heavy_a arm_v and_o light_v arm_v the_o heavy_a arm_v be_v call_v cataphracti_fw-la a_o word_n which_o both_o the_o roman_n and_o all_o other_o nation_n have_v borrow_v from_o the_o greek_n and_o though_o it_o be_v common_a to_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n yet_o they_o have_v appropriate_v it_o only_o to_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horseman_n and_o here_o my_o reader_n may_v observe_v that_o these_o word_n cataphract_n gens_n d'arm_v man_n of_o arm_n heavy_a arm_a horseman_n and_o cuirassier_n signify_v all_o one_o thing_n the_o grecian_a cataphract_n for_o defence_n arm_v cataphracti_fw-la how_o arm_v have_v headpiece_n back_n and_o breast_n greeves_n taslet_n and_o boot_n of_o iron_n or_o brass_n and_o if_o i_o understand_v right_a target_n their_o horse_n be_v likewise_o arm_v if_o these_o rider_n so_o arm_v be_v mount_v on_o strong_a and_o courageous_a horse_n assure_o they_o be_v able_a either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o very_a forcible_a and_o strong_a charge_n and_o impression_n but_o be_v so_o heavy_a be_v neither_o able_a to_o pursue_v a_o enemy_n far_o or_o run_v very_o speedy_o from_o he_o in_o this_o place_n aelian_a be_v much_o to_o blame_v as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n and_o be_v here_o inexcusable_a for_o not_o inexcusable_a aelian_a inexcusable_a tell_v we_o what_o offensive_a arm_n his_o cataphract_n carry_v for_o he_o keep_v up_o this_o as_o a_o secret_a but_o till_o he_o or_o some_o body_n for_o he_o inform_v i_o better_o i_o shall_v believe_v their_o weapon_n be_v lance_n sword_n and_o mace_n which_o i_o suppose_v i_o can_v make_v appear_v out_o of_o history_n the_o light_a arm_a horseman_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n arm_v light_a horse_n how_o arm_v hastati_fw-la which_o i_o render_v lancieer_n some_o of_o these_o have_v noâ—_n defensive_a arm_n and_o some_o have_v a_o target_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o light_a arm_a horseman_n aelian_a call_v ferentarii_fw-la other_o author_n call_v they_o acrobalist_n and_o these_o be_v subdivide_v into_o two_o sort_n some_o use_v dart_n and_o
hinder_v either_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o appoint_v the_o depth_n of_o their_o batallion_n to_o be_v twelve_o ten_o eight_o or_o six_o deep_a as_o they_o think_v fit_a though_o by_o some_o of_o they_o the_o body_n can_v be_v subdivide_v till_o they_o come_v to_o one_o file_n or_o one_o rank_n for_o it_o be_v never_o see_v nor_o do_v i_o fancy_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o ever_o such_o a_o emergency_n of_o war_n will_v fall_v out_o that_o can_v move_v a_o general_n unless_o he_o be_v to_o file_v his_o army_n along_o a_o very_a narrow_a bridge_n or_o a_o very_a narrow_a way_n to_o marshal_v all_o his_o foot_n either_o in_o one_o rank_n or_o one_o file_n so_o i_o conceive_v the_o first_o reason_n be_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o a_o second_o reason_n be_v in_o time_n of_o action_n a_o enemy_n may_v charge_v the_o deep_a second_o reason_n for_o 16_o deep_a rear_n to_o rencontre_v who_o the_o dimaritâ—_n or_o middle-man_n be_v command_v with_o the_o half-file_n that_o follow_v they_o to_o face_n about_o but_o without_o countermarch_n and_o sustain_v the_o charge_n by_o the_o way_n observe_v that_o in_o such_o a_o occasion_n the_o bringer_n up_o or_o rear-man_n have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o half-file_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o dimarite_n or_o middle-man_n himself_o to_o who_o aelian_a give_v it_o before_o but_o to_o the_o reason_n itself_o i_o give_v two_o answer_n first_o a_o reserve_v which_o aelian_o phalange_n admit_v not_o will_v prevent_v that_o danger_n second_o i_o say_v if_o they_o be_v but_o twelve_o in_o file_n nay_o but_o ten_o in_o file_n they_o may_v withstand_v answer_v answer_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o both_o van_n and_o rear_n as_o well_o as_o be_v sixteen_o deep_a which_o i_o make_v appear_v out_o of_o aelian_a himself_n thus_o the_o grecian_a pike_n be_v all_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o except_o the_o macedonian_n which_o be_v twenty_o one_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o long_a next_o aelian_a allow_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o 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that_o day_n for_o he_o charge_v the_o persian_a batallion_n both_o with_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o the_o meaning_n must_v be_v that_o he_o order_v some_o horse_n and_o foot_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o his_o main_a battle_n to_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n for_o prevent_v any_o misfortune_n there_o and_o the_o like_a he_o do_v on_o both_o his_o flank_n but_o all_o these_o when_o his_o main_a battle_n move_v face_v to_o the_o van_n and_o advance_v with_o it_o and_o when_o it_o stand_v they_o take_v up_o their_o former_a distance_n and_o face_v as_o they_o be_v appoint_v and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v lest_o his_o army_n small_a in_o comparison_n of_o that_o with_o darius_n shall_v be_v surround_v if_o the_o army_n he_o be_v afraid_a to_o
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he_o know_v best_o but_o the_o old_a roman_n dart_v their_o â—avelines_n as_o they_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v command_v by_o their_o general_n to_o make_v haste_n to_o come_v to_o dint_n of_o sword_n esteem_v by_o they_o the_o prince_n of_o weapon_n so_o caesar_n legionary_n at_o pharsalia_n be_v order_v after_o each_o man_n have_v cast_v his_o javeline_n to_o run_v to_o the_o shock_n which_o according_o they_o do_v the_o manner_n of_o throw_v their_o pila_fw-la be_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n throw_v first_o and_o immediate_o throw_v how_o they_o be_v throw_v bow_v down_o that_o the_o second_o rank_n may_v cast_v over_o their_o head_n so_o do_v the_o three_o and_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n till_o all_o the_o rank_n have_v throw_v when_o they_o stand_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n they_o use_v to_o stick_v their_o javelines_n in_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o sign_n be_v give_v so_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o no_o doubt_n in_o time_n 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never_o miss_v to_o â—it_n they_o when_o they_o appear_v on_o the_o parapet_n of_o their_o wall_n force_v they_o to_o render_v their_o city_n to_o marcus_n fâ—lvius_n the_o roman_a consul_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v skilful_a â—enjamites_n â—enjamites_n or_o so_o ancient_a practiser_n of_o the_o sling_n as_o the_o israelite_n for_o there_o be_v 700_o of_o one_o tribe_n who_o can_v hit_v within_o a_o hairbreadth_n with_o this_o weapon_n do_v david_n obtain_v the_o victory_n over_o goliath_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n vegetius_n have_v reason_n to_o prefer_v the_o sling_n to_o the_o bow_n in_o this_o regard_n that_o a_o arrow_n can_v wound_v unless_o it_o pierce_v but_o a_o stone_n bruise_v though_o it_o pierce_v not_o and_o if_o it_o be_v of_o any_o weight_n it_o kill_v notwithstanding_o the_o resistance_n of_o any_o head-piece_n or_o corslet_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n or_o a_o little_a before_o come_v the_o plumbati_n or_o martioâ—arbuli_n in_o fashion_n with_o the_o roman_n vegetius_n tell_v we_o what_o great_a service_n lead-caster_n lead-caster_n they_o do_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n but_o do_v we_o not_o the_o favour_n to_o describe_v the_o thing_n itself_o they_o throw_v bullet_n of_o lead_n of_o one_o pound_n weight_n i_o do_v not_o remember_v whether_o livy_n mention_n any_o of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v among_o those_o roman_a slinger_n who_o beat_v the_o gallo-greciant_a at_o olympâ—â—_n the_o fustibalus_n battoon-slingers_a battoon-slingers_a or_o battoonsling_n be_v a_o sling_n of_o leather_n tie_v to_o a_o battoon_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o which_o the_o slinger_n manage_v with_o both_o his_o hand_n and_o out_o of_o which_o say_v vegetius_n he_o throw_v stone_n as_o out_o of_o a_o onagra_n with_o so_o great_a force_n that_o neither_o target_n head-piece_n or_o corslet_n can_v resist_v it_o but_o these_o expression_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o plumbati_n or_o lead-caster_n and_o the_o fustibalarii_n or_o battoon-slingers_a but_o that_o the_o first_o cast_v lead_v and_o the_o last_o great_a stone_n but_o how_o far_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o not_o archer_n be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o velite_n till_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n auxiliary_n archer_n auxiliary_n and_o even_o then_o they_o be_v rather_o auxiliary_n than_o either_o roman_n or_o ally_n they_o be_v however_o make_v good_a use_n of_o after_o hannibal_n invade_v italy_n vegetius_n in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n affirm_v for_o which_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n of_o history_n that_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o youth_n of_o rome_n be_v train_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o bow_n for_o
build_a temple_n theatre_n castle_n tower_n and_o bath_n their_o drain_n marsh_n cut_v out_o channel_n causey_v way_n and_o pave_v street_n all_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o peace_n who_o can_v read_v without_o admiration_n of_o their_o work_n and_o fortification_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n as_o particular_o either_o caesar_n circumvallation_n at_o alesia_n circumvallation_n caesar_n circumvallation_n which_o he_o make_v both_o exceed_o broad_a and_o high_a wonderful_o strong_a with_o tower_n and_o castle_n well_o pallisadoe_v both_o before_o he_o and_o behind_o he_o the_o first_o to_o besiege_v vercengentorix_n within_o the_o town_n the_o second_o to_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o unite_a force_n of_o all_o the_o gaul_n who_o he_o know_v be_v prepare_v to_o come_v and_o raise_v the_o siege_n a_o work_n of_o sixteen_o mile_n circumference_n or_o those_o work_n of_o his_o at_o dirrachium_n whereby_o he_o have_v almost_o besiege_v pompey_n both_o strong_a and_o better_o provide_v than_o himself_o spinola_n his_o circumvallation_n at_o breda_n in_o the_o year_n spinola_n spinola_n 1625_o and_o 1626._o give_v we_o ground_n enough_o to_o believe_v those_o of_o great_a caesar_n to_o be_v true_a but_o methinks_v the_o nervian_o far_o surpass_v they_o all_o who_o as_o you_o have_v it_o in_o caesar_n five_o book_n of_o the_o french_a war_n have_v learned_a something_o of_o fortification_n from_o some_o prisoner_n or_o fugitive_n roman_n besiege_v cicero_n one_o of_o caesar_n legate_n in_o his_o winter_n quarter_n where_o they_o make_v a_o circumvallation_n of_o fifteen_o mile_n circumference_n the_o rampart_n eleven_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o ditch_n fifteen_o foot_n broad_a or_o deep_a without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o tool_n except_o their_o sword_n wherewith_o they_o cut_v the_o turf_n and_o sod_n and_o their_o headpiece_n and_o hand_n wherewith_o they_o cast_v up_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o hour_n a_o action_n so_o 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chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o all_o its_o several_a body_n and_o their_o officer_n how_o the_o ancient_n and_o illustrious_a roman_n divide_v their_o foot_n into_o heavy_a and_o light_a and_o how_o both_o be_v arm_v i_o have_v sufficient_o inform_v you_o but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o say_v they_o have_v no_o light_n arm_v foot_n till_o hannibal_n time_n i_o know_v no_o authority_n for_o this_o it_o be_v true_a livius_n say_v in_o his_o twenty_o six_o book_n that_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n when_o it_o stand_v for_o hannibal_n be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v foot_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o horse_n but_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v no_o light_n arm_v foot_n before_o that_o siege_n of_o capua_n the_o truth_n of_o that_o affair_n be_v this_o the_o capuan_n at_o their_o sally_n ordinary_o worsted_n horse_n velite_n mix_v with_o horse_n the_o roman_a horse_n till_o one_o navius_n a_o centurion_n make_v a_o proposition_n that_o in_o such_o rencounter_v the_o horseman_n shall_v take_v darter_n on_o the_o croup_n of_o their_o horse_n which_o be_v do_v now_o when_o the_o besiege_a sally_v and_o come_v up_o to_o the_o roman_a horse_n the_o velite_n alight_v and_o run_v before_o the_o horseman_n throw_v their_o dart_n whereof_o they_o be_v order_v to_o have_v seven_a at_o the_o enemy_n and_o then_o retire_v to_o their_o own_o horse_n have_v do_v as_o may_v be_v suppose_v so_o much_o mischief_n to_o the_o hannibalians_n and_o bring_v they_o into_o such_o disorder_n that_o the_o roman_a horse_n often_o have_v a_o cheap_a market_n of_o they_o navius_n may_v well_o have_v be_v the_o first_o roman_n that_o think_v of_o this_o way_n of_o fight_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n mix_v together_o but_o it_o be_v practise_v long_o before_o his_o time_n by_o the_o great_a alexander_n and_o other_o and_o caesar_n bear_v witness_v that_o long_o after_o navius_n ariâ—vistus_n king_n of_o the_o german_n use_v and_o practise_v it_o who_o learn_v it_o not_o from_o navius_n or_o any_o other_o roman_n in_o the_o world_n lipsius_n think_v that_o in_o caesar_n time_n there_o be_v no_o velite_n and_o i_o be_o content_a to_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a enough_o that_o when_o caesar_n live_v there_o be_v in_o the_o roman_a army_n slinger_n darter_n and_o archer_n all_o which_o be_v velites_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v these_o be_v but_o auxiliary_n for_o after_o the_o socii_fw-la or_o ally_n be_v make_v burgess_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o rome_n itself_o be_v mistress_n not_o only_o of_o all_o italy_n but_o many_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o can_v for_o her_o money_n get_v mercenary_n when_o she_o please_v it_o be_v probable_a the_o roman_n make_v no_o election_n but_o of_o heavy_a arm_v or_o legionary_n but_o the_o reason_n lipsius_n give_v for_o his_o opinion_n will_v not_o prove_v the_o thing_n it_o be_v this_o caesar_n sometime_o interline_v 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in_o breast_n rout_v his_o enemy_n neither_o do_v i_o make_v any_o doubt_n but_o those_o six_o cohort_n which_o caesar_n call_v up_o to_o the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n at_o pharsalia_n be_v triarii_n for_o he_o say_v he_o call_v they_o ex_fw-la terâ—iâ—_n agmine_fw-la out_o of_o the_o three_o batallion_n he_o do_v it_o to_o assist_v his_o horse_n against_o pompey_n cavalry_n which_o far_o surpass_v his_o in_o number_n and_o to_o these_o cohort_n himself_o attribute_v the_o victory_n and_o if_o he_o have_v nor_o call_v they_o up_o before_o the_o fight_n begin_v but_o delay_v according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a custom_n till_o his_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la have_v retire_v perhaps_o he_o shall_v have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o too_o late_o but_o he_o foresee_v the_o danger_n of_o that_o well_o enough_o and_o prevent_v it_o since_o the_o hastati_fw-la when_o overpower_a be_v to_o retire_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o both_o of_o they_o when_o overmastered_a to_o the_o 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equal_a front_n with_o the_o other_o two_o unless_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o but_o half_a their_o depth_n but_o he_o do_v not_o take_v heed_n that_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o equal_a front_n of_o man_n with_o the_o other_o two_o they_o can_v not_o have_v receive_v both_o the_o other_o two_o in_o their_o interval_n but_o only_o one_o of_o they_o and_o then_o they_o have_v not_o do_v that_o for_o which_o purposely_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o three_o batallion_n and_o if_o he_o have_v advert_v that_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n must_v have_v be_v double_a that_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o other_o two_o class_n that_o stand_v before_o they_o he_o will_v have_v marshal_v six_o hundred_o as_o deep_a as_o he_o do_v twelve_o hundred_o for_o the_o double_a distance_n between_o the_o several_a body_n of_o six_o hundred_o make_v six_o hundred_o of_o equal_a front_n of_o ground_n with_o the_o twelve_o hundred_o before_o they_o so_o you_o may_v easy_o consider_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o disparity_n of_o their_o number_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o several_a interval_n make_v the_o front_n equal_a as_o to_o the_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o three_o batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n the_o reason_n and_o the_o only_a reason_n why_o we_o must_v believe_v that_o the_o triarii_n legion_n triarii_n but_o 600_o in_o every_o legion_n be_v constant_o six_o hundred_o be_v because_o polybius_n say_v it_o be_v so_o but_o i_o shall_v suppose_v it_o be_v neither_o so_o before_o his_o time_n nor_o yet_o after_o his_o time_n nor_o do_v he_o offer_v to_o give_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v so_o in_o his_o time_n lipsius_n who_o be_v very_o ready_a for_o such_o thing_n offer_v to_o give_v two_o reason_n for_o it_o the_o first_o whereof_o be_v stark_o naught_o and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o
can_v be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n but_o he_o conclude_v at_o eight_o deep_a eight_o hundred_o horse_n will_v take_v up_o in_o deep_a persian_a horse_n eight_o deep_a front_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v one_o furlong_n and_o consequent_o eight_o thousand_o horse_n need_v to_o have_v for_o their_o front_n twelve_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pace_n that_o be_v ten_o furlong_n and_o therefore_o darius_n his_o thirty_o thousand_o horse_n be_v eight_o deep_a will_v in_o front_n have_v possess_v of_o ground_n four_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o eighty_o six_o pace_n more_o than_o thirty_o seven_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n and_o these_o will_v make_v more_o than_o four_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o as_o much_o ground_n calisthenes_n must_v have_v allow_v to_o his_o mercenary_n observe_v here_o that_o polybius_n allow_v for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n in_o front_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n which_o be_v more_o than_o six_o foot_n for_o a_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o for_o distance_n between_o he_o and_o his_o side-man_n but_o if_o polybius_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v marshal_v eight_o be_v we_o know_v not_o how_o deep_o the_o roman_a horse_n be_v deep_a than_o vegetius_n his_o thirty_o two_o rider_n will_v do_v better_a than_o polybius_n his_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n because_o thirty_o two_o will_v make_v four_o file_n complete_o whereas_o thirty_o make_v but_o three_o file_n of_o eight_o and_o a_o break_a one_o of_o six_o in_o such_o a_o mist_n do_v these_o two_o great_a master_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n leave_v we_o out_o of_o which_o neither_o accurate_a lipsius_n or_o any_o other_o of_o my_o read_n have_v offer_v to_o guide_v we_o i_o conceive_v according_a to_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n ten_o deep_a might_n hauâ—_n do_v well_o and_o who_o can_v tell_v but_o polybius_n mean_v so_o when_o he_o appoint_v three_o decurion_n to_o be_v file-leader_n and_o three_o agminis_fw-la or_o turma_fw-la coactores_fw-la to_o be_v bringer_n up_o but_o that_o be_v indeed_o too_o many_o it_o make_v the_o longitude_n or_o front_n so_o small_a as_o render_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o be_v environ_v or_o surround_v in_o these_o very_a ancient_a time_n many_o nation_n fight_v on_o horse_n neither_o horse_n unbridle_a &_o unsaddle_v horse_n bridle_v nor_o saddle_v and_o some_o have_v saddle_n but_o no_o bridle_n hence_o we_o read_v that_o the_o african_n especial_o the_o numidian_n divide_v their_o cavalry_n in_o fraenatos_n &_o infranatos_n equos_fw-la into_o bridle_v and_o unbridle_a horse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o read_v in_o livy_n with_o what_o dexterity_n and_o agility_n these_o unbridled_a horse_n be_v rule_v and_o manage_v by_o the_o hand_n the_o foot_n or_o rod_n of_o a_o rider_n some_o again_o have_v bridle_n for_o their_o horse_n but_o no_o saddle_n so_o have_v the_o german_n who_o laugh_v at_o the_o roman_n as_o soft_a and_o 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the_o worst_a of_o it_o this_o story_n you_o may_v read_v in_o livy_n twenty_o five_o book_n though_o this_o practice_n succeed_v well_o sometime_o yet_o be_v it_o unfortunate_o attempt_v by_o the_o consul_n aemilius_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n for_o after_o asdrubal_n have_v rout_v he_o and_o his_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n he_o make_v his_o horseman_n alight_v and_o fight_v on_o foot_n among_o the_o legionary_n as_o livy_n tell_v we_o in_o that_o twenty_o five_o book_n and_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o hannibal_n that_o great_a captain_n do_v not_o approve_v this_o custom_n for_o the_o same_o author_n say_v when_o it_o be_v tell_v he_o what_o the_o roman_a consul_n have_v do_v he_o shall_v have_v smile_v and_o say_v he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v deliver_v they_o to_o i_o bind_v hand_n and_o foot_n i_o know_v not_o if_o in_o our_o modern_a militia_n this_o can_v be_v advantageous_o practise_v be_v the_o arm_n of_o our_o horse_n and_o foot_n differ_v very_o much_o 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warlike_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n the_o say_v charles_n command_v many_o of_o his_o gentleman_n who_o be_v man_n at_o arm_n to_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o join_v in_o fight_n with_o his_o archer_n of_o foot_n which_o action_n say_v the_o author_n be_v honourable_a and_o encourage_v other_o and_o this_o custom_n say_v the_o same_o philip_n the_o burgundian_n have_v learn_v from_o the_o english_a when_o both_o of_o they_o be_v confederate_n wage_v war_n together_o against_o france_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o two_o year_n without_o any_o truce_n the_o custom_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o mix_v foot_n with_o horse_n begin_v at_o the_o together_o horse_n and_o foot_n mix_v together_o siege_n of_o capua_n be_v so_o frequent_a afterward_o that_o i_o need_v not_o give_v many_o instance_n of_o it_o caesar_n seldom_o fail_v to_o do_v it_o when_o vercingentorix_n have_v raise_v all_o gaul_n about_o his_o ear_n he_o send_v for_o german_a horse_n and_o foot_n who_o be_v 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assistance_n of_o six_o cohort_n of_o his_o triarian_a foot_n that_o his_o horse_n beat_v his_o competitor_n cavalry_n at_o pharsalia_n and_o get_v he_o the_o victory_n as_o himself_o both_o confess_v and_o foretell_v at_o vzita_n in_o africa_n when_o he_o offer_v to_o fight_v against_o scipio_n pompey_n father-in-law_n he_o draw_v up_o all_o his_o cavalry_n on_o his_o left_a wing_n and_o with_o they_o mix_v all_o his_o light_a arm_a foot_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v auxiliary_n the_o german_a horseman_n german_n and_o by_o the_o ancient_a german_n use_v every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o choose_v a_o footman_n who_o they_o know_v to_o be_v stout_a strong_a and_o swift_a these_o footman_n either_o skirmish_v before_o the_o horse_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v at_o capua_n or_o fight_v in_o company_n with_o they_o or_o stand_v at_o a_o distance_n behind_o they_o that_o the_o horse_n may_v retire_v to_o they_o and_o if_o both_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o field_n than_o the_o footman_n lay_v 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the_o left_a wing_n compose_v of_o roman_a horse_n but_o when_o they_o fight_v without_o ally_n than_o their_o horse_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o both_o wing_n and_o sometime_o as_o i_o have_v say_v interline_v with_o foot_n but_o scarce_o or_o rather_o never_o do_v i_o read_v in_o any_o ancient_a history_n that_o they_o be_v marshal_v by_o troop_n among_o the_o legionary_a foot_n whereof_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n and_o how_o the_o same_o vegetius_n contradict_v polybius_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o roman_a horseman_n guard_n shall_v be_v speak_v of_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o guard_n and_o round_n chap._n viii_o of_o their_o trumpeter_n horn-winders_a and_o of_o the_o classicum_fw-la since_o we_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o both_o foot_n and_o horse_n it_o be_v fit_a we_o know_v to_o what_o martial_a instrument_n or_o sound_v both_o shall_v hearken_v i_o find_v tubicines_n these_o be_v trumpeter_n cornicine_n these_o be_v horn-winders_a and_o buccinatores_fw-la who_o i_o think_v use_v the_o horn_n of_o cow_n and_o ox_n and_o the_o classicuâ—_n all_o these_o be_v common_a to_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n neither_o have_v the_o one_o any_o title_n to_o pretend_v to_o either_o of_o these_o more_o than_o the_o other_o have_v nor_o be_v any_o of_o they_o peculiar_a to_o the_o one_o more_o than_o to_o the_o other_o though_o now_o the_o horse_n troop_n appropriate_v the_o trumpet_n to_o themselves_o as_o the_o foot_n do_v the_o drum_n the_o trumpet_n be_v a_o ancient_a instrument_n of_o war_n at_o first_o and_o i_o believe_v for_o trumpeter_n trumpeter_n many_o age_n make_v of_o brass_n hence_o the_o poet_n aere_fw-la ciere_fw-la virâ—s_fw-la though_o the_o luxury_n of_o after-age_n make_v their_o composition_n of_o silver_n we_o find_v they_o be_v common_a to_o
right_a wing_n of_o the_o batallion_n so_o the_o five_o be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n these_o five_o cohort_n make_v up_o the_o first_o acies_fw-la or_o batallion_n our_o author_n proceed_v and_o tell_v we_o the_o six_o cohort_n batallion_n the_o second_o batallion_n consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n in_o it_o must_v be_v those_o of_o the_o young_a year_n he_o mean_v the_o hastati_fw-la because_o the_o six_o cohort_n have_v its_o station_n behind_o the_o eagle_n and_o the_o ensign_n the_o seven_o cohort_n have_v in_o it_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n the_o eight_o have_v as_o many_o but_o they_o must_v be_v courageous_a man_n because_o they_o keep_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o second_o batallion_n the_o nine_o consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o horse_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ten_o but_o the_o soldier_n must_v be_v good_a warrior_n because_o they_o stand_v 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officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v 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and_o camillus_n take_v four_o to_o himself_o each_o consist_v of_o 4_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n thus_o we_o see_v not_o only_o that_o a_o consular_a army_n have_v four_o roman_a legion_n in_o it_o a_o thing_n deny_v by_o vegetius_n but_o a_o praetorian_a one_o have_v four_o to_o which_o our_o author_n allow_v but_o one_o you_o may_v read_v this_o in_o livy_n seven_o book_n and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o consul_n popilius_n lenus_fw-la march_v with_o four_o full_a legion_n against_o the_o enemy_n lenus_fw-la popilius_n lenus_fw-la leave_v a_o considerable_a army_n at_o rome_n to_o wait_v on_o all_o hazard_n in_o his_o six_o book_n he_o say_v old_a camillus_n who_o defeat_v the_o gaul_n march_v with_o four_o legion_n against_o camillus_n old_a camillus_n the_o volscian_n one_o instance_n more_o which_o may_v serve_v to_o decide_v the_o question_n if_o there_o be_v any_o the_o same_o historian_n in_o his_o second_o book_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o dictator_n marcus_n valerius_n levy_v and_o enroll_v ten_o legion_n whereof_o he_o give_v valerius_n marcus_n valerius_n three_o to_o every_o consul_n and_o keep_v four_o to_o himself_o observe_v that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o latin_n be_v ally_n and_o levy_v their_o proportion_n as_o many_o foot_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v and_o twice_o as_o many_o horse_n if_o not_o more_o of_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o observe_v also_o that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o roman_a seignory_n be_v of_o no_o large_a extent_n for_o livy_n speak_v of_o these_o levy_n of_o valerius_n say_v so_o many_o legion_n be_v never_o levy_v before_o he_o mean_v never_o at_o one_o time_n these_o be_v sufficient_a enough_o to_o prove_v vegetius_n to_o have_v be_v too_o confident_a when_o he_o say_v that_o never_a roman_a consul_n conduct_v more_o than_o two_o roman_a legion_n even_o against_o the_o most_o numerous_a enemy_n but_o he_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n for_o all_o
this_o because_o he_o be_v support_v by_o one_o who_o by_o his_o other_o writing_n have_v make_v himself_o well_o enough_o know_v and_o that_o be_v nicâ—l_a machiavelli_n who_o in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n very_o magisterial_o tell_v assertion_n machiavelli_n his_o assertion_n we_o that_o the_o ally_n foot_v never_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o roman_n but_o their_o horse_n be_v some_o more_o i_o have_v speak_v to_o both_o these_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n but_o he_o add_v that_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o great_a necessity_n never_o use_v more_o than_o two_o consular_a army_n and_o that_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o combatant_n i_o hope_v the_o instance_n i_o have_v use_v against_o vegetius_n in_o this_o same_o cause_n may_v serve_v sufficient_o to_o confute_v machiavelli_n but_o here_o i_o must_v observe_v the_o florentine_n presumption_n in_o the_o model_a his_o roman_a consular_a army_n first_o he_o make_v every_o legion_n 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be_v marshal_v when_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v than_o to_o inform_v you_o how_o scipio_n the_o great_a or_o the_o african_a scipio_n roman_a army_n marshal_v by_o scipio_n draw_v up_o his_o army_n when_o he_o be_v to_o fight_v against_o syphax_n and_o asdrubal_n and_o that_o out_o of_o the_o fourteen_o book_n of_o polybius_n there_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_a consul_n draw_v up_o his_o foot_n in_o the_o body_n or_o battle_n first_o his_o hastati_fw-la next_o his_o principes_fw-la and_o three_o his_o triarii_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n be_v his_o roman_a horse_n and_o on_o the_o leave_v his_o numidian_n and_o here_o our_o author_n in_o one_o word_n and_o once_o for_o all_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o marshal_v their_o army_n in_o that_o fashion_n his_o word_n be_v et_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la romanae_fw-la militiae_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la servavit_fw-la and_o when_o the_o same_o scipio_n fight_v 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where_o we_o be_v the_o question_n be_v still_o where_o they_o be_v quarter_v when_o they_o be_v receive_v within_o the_o camp_n for_o we_o read_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v often_o besiege_v within_o their_o camp_n for_o some_o considerable_a time_n so_o be_v the_o consul_n l._n minutid_n till_o he_o be_v relieve_v by_o the_o dictator_n a._n cincinnatus_n so_o be_v cicero_n one_o of_o câ—sar's_n legate_n by_o ambiorix_n and_o himself_o likewise_o force_v by_o that_o same_o enemy_n to_o keep_v some_o day_n within_o his_o camp_n where_o be_v the_o vâ—lites_n lodge_v all_o this_o while_n and_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v that_o but_o just_a now_o terduzzi_n assure_v we_o that_o within_o the_o camp_n be_v quarter_v the_o consular_a army_n of_o sixteen_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o that_o number_n he_o now_o send_v four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o out_o of_o the_o camp_n for_o want_v of_o quarter_n within_o it_o not_o to_o come_v 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the_o three_o place_n i_o find_v in_o this_o castrametation_n no_o more_o place_n or_o ground_n allow_v soldier_n three_o officer_n lodge_v like_o common_a soldier_n for_o centurion_n decurion_n ensign_n and_o standard-bearer_n than_o for_o the_o common_a trooper_n and_o soldier_n and_o this_o confirm_v i_o in_o that_o opinion_n whereof_o i_o have_v oft_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v no_o great_a esteem_n of_o any_o officer_n below_o a_o tribune_n than_o we_o have_v of_o corporal_n and_o lancespesat_n terduzzi_n affirm_v they_o have_v more_o room_n i_o wish_v he_o have_v tell_v we_o how_o or_o where_o for_o among_o the_o turme_n and_o maniple_n they_o have_v no_o more_o than_o private_a soldier_n and_o rider_n for_o any_o light_n he_o or_o any_o other_o have_v give_v we_o now_o all_o these_o defect_n proceed_v from_o the_o flim_o flam_v conceit_n of_o a_o equilateral_a help_v all_o these_o defect_n soon_o help_v square_n whereas_o all_o may_v have_v be_v very_o well_o 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fill_v up_o their_o room_n and_o to_o support_v and_o sustain_v those_o who_o be_v advance_v in_o case_n of_o a_o retreat_n livy_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o thirteen_o book_n that_o manlius_n be_v accuse_v at_o rome_n by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n for_o keep_v weak_a guard_n without_o his_o leaguer_n and_o that_o they_o attribute_v the_o loss_n of_o both_o camp_n and_o army_n to_o that_o it_o be_v death_n for_o any_o man_n of_o what_o degree_n or_o quality_n so_o ever_o to_o desert_n or_o leave_v his_o station_n let_v the_o pretext_n be_v never_o so_o plausible_a or_o advantageous_a livy_n in_o his_o death_n desertion_n of_o a_o station_n death_n four_o book_n say_v that_o he_o read_v it_o in_o the_o roman_a annal_n that_o the_o dictator_n posthumius_fw-la put_v his_o own_o son_n aulus_n posthumius_fw-la to_o death_n for_o advance_v beyond_o his_o station_n though_o thereby_o he_o gain_v a_o advantage_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o though_o that_o author_n write_v that_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v it_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v true_a for_o all_o that_o lipsâ—â—s_o commend_v much_o the_o roman_a custom_n of_o have_v four_o soldier_n on_o one_o post_n and_o for_o not_o commit_v the_o keep_n of_o it_o to_o one_o centinel_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v now_o to_o have_v but_o one_o man_n at_o every_o port_n of_o a_o town_n but_o this_o bookish_a man_n be_v so_o much_o take_v up_o with_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n that_o he_o study_v but_o little_a the_o practice_n guard_n mistake_v of_o lipsius_n of_o the_o modern_a guard_n of_o the_o modern_a for_o i_o dare_v be_v bind_v for_o it_o that_o in_o the_o country_n where_o he_o live_v he_o never_o see_v a_o centinel_n at_o a_o port_n of_o a_o town_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o corpse_n du_fw-fr guard_n close_o by_o of_o more_o than_o four_o soldier_n though_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o stand_v all_o centinel_n at_o one_o time_n more_o than_o the_o roman_a quaternio_fw-la be_v whereof_o only_o one_o 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commission_n when_o this_o book_n be_v write_v for_o the_o author_n give_v he_o not_o that_o title_n in_o his_o epistle_n dedicatory_a this_o author_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o condemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n before_o the_o invention_n of_o fire_n gun_n but_o only_o since_o and_o magisterial_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o pass_v sentence_n against_o all_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o in_o late_a time_n have_v compose_v the_o body_n of_o their_o infantry_n of_o pikeman_n i_o shall_v relate_v to_o you_o the_o strong_a of_o his_o argugument_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o order_n whereby_o he_o endeavour_v to_o get_v proselyte_n to_o this_o new_a fancy_n and_o shall_v give_v such_o answer_n to_o they_o as_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v pertinent_a but_o shall_v not_o flatter_v myself_o with_o a_o opinion_n that_o they_o will_v be_v satisfactory_a to_o all_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o say_v officer_n choose_v the_o tall_a and_o able_a man_n to_o carry_v argument_n his_o first_o argument_n pike_n 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one_o after_o another_o give_v fire_n and_o after_o that_o i_o aver_v if_o the_o musquetier_n stand_v to_o endure_v the_o push_n of_o the_o pike_n they_o be_v inevitable_o ruin_v and_o if_o they_o fly_v than_o the_o pikeman_n have_v the_o victory_n i_o still_o suppose_v that_o which_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o that_o be_v that_o the_o pikeman_n and_o musquetier_n be_v of_o equal_a courage_n now_o in_o a_o close_a encounter_n what_o can_v a_o musket_n do_v against_o a_o pike_n or_o a_o naked_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n against_o one_o in_o armour_n if_o then_o the_o pikeman_n fly_v before_o they_o come_v up_o to_o the_o musquetier_n they_o be_v coward_n and_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o their_o courage_n not_o their_o weapon_n if_o they_o lose_v the_o field_n and_o if_o the_o musquetier_n stay_v till_o the_o pikeman_n come_v to_o they_o they_o will_v find_v that_o point_n of_o pike_n bring_v as_o inexorable_a messenger_n of_o death_n as_o bullet_n do_v second_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o nothing_o 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this_o again_o to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n i_o assure_v he_o i_o will_v not_o take_v his_o word_n for_o it_o but_o if_o he_o mean_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o the_o rout_n the_o pikeman_n be_v heau_o arm_v can_v follow_v the_o execution_n i_o shall_v ready_o grant_v it_o to_o he_o and_o vegetius_n will_v tell_v he_o that_o the_o heavy_a arm_a be_v like_o a_o iron_n wall_n which_o can_v neither_o run_v away_o from_o a_o victorious_a enemy_n nor_o pursue_v a_o fly_a one_o for_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o horse_n and_o light_v arm_v foot_n but_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n by_o a_o instance_n which_o i_o pray_v you_o hear_v and_o observe_v there_o happen_v a_o tumult_n between_o the_o english_a and_o swisser_n in_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o leaguer_n when_o he_o lie_v before_o schencksconce_v the_o swisser_n go_v to_o arm_n and_o be_v in_o battle_n present_v their_o pike_n here_o our_o author_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o say_v that_o two_o english_a man_n with_o sword_n only_o enter_v among_o the_o swisser_n pike_n and_o cut_v off_o say_v he_o several_a of_o their_o head_n of_o the_o pike_n i_o hope_v not_o of_o the_o swisser_n and_o bring_v they_o away_o with_o they_o the_o two_o english_a unhurt_a if_o this_o be_v all_o true_a what_o will_v it_o evince_v but_o the_o great_a modesty_n and_o patience_n of_o the_o swisser_n and_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o both_o nation_n in_o appease_v the_o tumult_n for_o our_o author_n be_v mad_a if_o he_o think_v that_o any_o rational_a creature_n will_v be_v persuade_v by_o he_o to_o believe_v that_o two_o man_n with_o sword_n can_v affront_v a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o go_v away_o so_o easy_o if_o the_o other_o have_v be_v please_v to_o resent_v it_o three_o he_o say_v only_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v the_o rest_n be_v useless_a argument_n three_o argument_n then_o he_o add_v that_o what_o with_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o alarm_n the_o confusion_n of_o rank_n by_o the_o death_n of_o some_o of_o their_o number_n the_o time_n of_o night_n when_o the_o enemy_n may_v fall_v on_o the_o hazard_n of_o wound_v their_o own_o commander_n and_o comrade_n it_o appear_v sufficient_o that_o the_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o feat_n i_o must_v take_v this_o argument_n in_o piece_n and_o answer_v it_o so_o and_o first_o i_o say_v if_o only_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v than_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v and_o this_o contradict_v his_o second_o argument_n next_o his_o assertion_n can_v be_v true_a if_o what_o i_o have_v say_v at_o length_n in_o another_o answer_v answer_v place_n be_v true_a that_o six_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v or_o as_o he_o call_v it_o execution_n his_o argument_n if_o true_a will_v be_v strong_a against_o the_o grecian_a embattel_v sixteen_o deep_a and_o against_o his_o master_n too_o for_o i_o find_v by_o his_o book_n he_o have_v have_v his_o breed_n in_o holland_n and_o denmark_n where_o in_o his_o time_n the_o foot_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a as_o to_o what_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o terror_n of_o a_o alarm_n i_o ask_v if_o that_o must_v frighten_v a_o pikeman_n more_o than_o either_o a_o horseman_n or_o a_o musqueteer_n i_o think_v less_o because_o he_o be_v better_a arm_v but_o he_o speak_v still_o of_o pikeman_n as_o of_o coward_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o can_v imagine_v for_o his_o confusion_n of_o rank_n occasion_v by_o those_o who_o fall_v dead_a he_o know_v those_o behind_o they_o shall_v fill_v up_o their_o place_n and_o this_o musqueteer_n be_v bind_v to_o
do_v likewise_o fear_v indeed_o occasion_n confusion_n and_o he_o will_v still_o have_v pikeman_n more_o fearful_a than_o other_o man_n beside_o he_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v ill_o train_v as_o if_o they_o dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o charge_v with_o their_o pike_n for_o fear_v of_o hurt_v either_o their_o commander_n or_o their_o companion_n as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o night_n when_o the_o enemy_n may_v fall_v on_o i_o know_v not_o well_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o he_o think_v the_o darkness_n or_o horror_n of_o the_o night_n shall_v put_v a_o pikeman_n in_o great_a danger_n than_o a_o musqueteer_n and_o this_o i_o will_v glad_o hear_v he_o or_o any_o other_o for_o he_o demonstrate_v his_o four_o argument_n be_v that_o pike_n be_v unfit_a and_o unserviceable_a for_o convoy_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o ask_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o be_v it_o therefore_o not_o useful_a at_o all_o argument_n four_o argument_n next_o i_o say_v he_o be_v mistake_v for_o many_o convoy_n have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o many_o convoy_n must_v make_v use_n of_o pike_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n they_o answer_v answer_v be_v to_o traverse_v open_a heath_n and_o champain_n country_n or_o as_o the_o enemy_n strength_n be_v fancy_v to_o be_v either_o in_o foot_n or_o horse_n many_o great_a convoy_n be_v compose_v only_o of_o firelock_n or_o fusee_v i_o hope_v master_n lupton_n will_v not_o thence_o infer_v that_o musket_n be_v useless_a five_o he_o say_v the_o musqueteer_n be_v overtoiled_a and_o discourage_v when_o he_o see_v argument_n five_o argument_n he_o must_v do_v the_o whole_a duty_n in_o sally_n skirmish_n convoy_n and_o onslacht_n as_o he_o call_v they_o suppose_v infall_n or_o surprisal_n from_o all_o which_o the_o pikeman_n be_v exempt_v in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o ask_v who_o exempt_v he_o true_o none_o that_o i_o know_v answer_v answer_v but_o brancatio_n and_o master_n lupton_n who_o exempt_v he_o from_o all_o other_o duty_n and_o make_v he_o unnecessary_a nor_o can_v i_o divine_a where_o our_o author_n have_v learn_v this_o discipline_n that_o he_o offer_v to_o teach_v we_o i_o have_v show_v the_o pikeman_n be_v necessary_a for_o some_o convoy_n in_o all_o sally_n he_o be_v serviceable_a sometime_o with_o his_o pike_n or_o sometime_o with_o a_o half_a pike_n or_o a_o halberd_n sometime_o a_o morning_n star_n and_o sometime_o hand_v granado_n with_o all_o which_o the_o musqueteer_n many_o time_n must_v do_v service_n for_o in_o the_o medley_n of_o a_o salley_n his_o musket_n be_v often_o a_o unnecessary_a weapon_n unless_o he_o be_v within_o a_o parapet_n as_o for_o surprisal_n and_o anslacht_n the_o pikeman_n many_o time_n may_v be_v very_o useful_a and_o more_o than_o the_o musqueteer_n unless_o he_o change_v the_o lock_n of_o his_o musket_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n as_o to_o skirmish_n it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v he_o that_o neither_o the_o heavy_a arm_a footman_n who_o shall_v be_v the_o pikeman_n nor_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horseman_n who_o be_v the_o curiassier_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o these_o service_n be_v perform_v in_o ancient_a time_n by_o the_o velite_n and_o now_o by_o musket_n fusee_n firelock_n and_o light_a horseman_n the_o heavy_a arm_v stand_v ready_a to_o sustain_v they_o and_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n nor_o do_v i_o ever_o hear_v musqueteer_n make_v any_o such_o complaint_n as_o these_o our_o author_n be_v please_v to_o charge_v they_o with_o six_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o outwork_n before_o or_o beside_o a_o enemy_n the_o pikeman_n argument_n six_o argument_n be_v useless_a unless_o it_o be_v to_o stand_v centinel_n for_o say_v he_o the_o musqueteer_n defend_v the_o work_n and_o while_o they_o be_v furious_o give_v fire_n the_o pikeman_n be_v sit_v in_o the_o trench_n take_v tabaco_n or_o tell_v tale_n for_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o ever_o i_o hear_v a_o soldier_n tell_v such_o a_o tale_n as_o this_o of_o mr._n luptons_n but_o i_o know_v not_o where_o this_o man_n be_v he_o be_v just_a now_o in_o outwork_n and_o immediate_o in_o trench_n it_o seem_v they_o be_v all_o one_o with_o he_o but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o i_o must_v divide_v his_o argument_n into_o two_o part_n and_o give_v a_o answer_n subdivide_v subdivide_v to_o both_o if_o it_o be_v in_o trench_n or_o approach_n to_o a_o besiege_a fort_n that_o the_o musqueâ—eers_n be_v give_v fire_n furious_o it_o must_v be_v either_o at_o a_o sally_n of_o the_o enemy_n answer_v and_o answer_v and_o then_o sure_a the_o pikeman_n be_v neither_o sit_v nor_o idle_a or_o it_o be_v when_o a_o battery_n be_v a_o make_n near_o the_o counterscarp_n or_o that_o the_o zap_n be_v begin_v there_o and_o then_o indeed_o both_o cannon_n and_o musket_n shall_v fire_v furious_o upon_o both_o curtain_n and_o flank_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o from_o thence_o those_o who_o work_n may_v be_v as_o little_o disturb_v as_o may_v be_v and_o at_o that_o time_n the_o pikeman_n be_v busy_a work_n with_o a_o spade_n shovel_n or_o mattock_n in_o his_o hand_n or_o be_v careful_o attend_v to_o give_v obedience_n to_o what_o else_o he_o be_v command_v to_o do_v perhaps_o to_o receive_v the_o sally_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o come_v to_o mr._n luptons_n outwork_n and_o he_o must_v mean_v the_o pike_n be_v useless_a either_o when_o a_o outwork_n be_v storm_v or_o when_o it_o be_v defend_v from_o a_o storm_n if_o the_o first_o the_o pike_n be_v more_o necessary_a than_o any_o fire-gun_n after_o those_o who_o carry_v they_o come_v to_o the_o ascend_a or_o mount_v the_o work_n and_o this_o be_v obvious_a to_o sense_n if_o the_o second_o when_o a_o enemy_n be_v come_v on_o to_o the_o storm_n it_o be_v the_o musqueteer_n part_v to_o give_v fire_n to_o keep_v he_o off_o and_o chase_v he_o away_o but_o the_o enemy_n be_v already_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o work_n and_o mount_v the_o musket_n be_v useless_a except_o from_o flank_n and_o the_o pikeman_n then_o with_o stone_n and_o hand-granado's_a do_v the_o service_n till_o the_o enemy_n be_v within_o push_n of_o pike_n and_o then_o sure_a the_o pike_n be_v not_o useless_a but_o he_o say_v a_o pike_n be_v too_o long_a a_o weapon_n for_o this_o service_n to_o answer_v which_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o outwork_n whereof_o mr._n lupton_n speak_v confuse_o be_v tenailles_fw-fr ravelines_n halfmoon_n crown-work_n and_o horn-work_n and_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o these_o ordinary_o there_o be_v other_o weapon_n than_o either_o pike_n or_o musket_n such_o be_v hand-granado's_a stone_n halberd_n partisan_n morning_n star_n two_o hand_a and_o hangman_n sword_n which_o be_v stand_v ready_a within_o the_o work_n that_o when_o the_o pike_n can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o pikeman_n and_o musqueteer_n both_o may_v make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o and_o if_o none_o of_o these_o weapon_n be_v in_o the_o work_n a_o pikeman_n may_v very_o soon_o make_v a_o half-pike_n of_o his_o long_a pike_n which_o be_v a_o weapon_n much_o commend_v by_o mr._n lupton_n but_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n for_o that_o either_o for_o in_o these_o outwork_n i_o have_v speak_v of_o a_o pikeman_n may_v with_o much_o ease_n stand_v on_o the_o rampart_n and_o gripe_v his_o pike_n either_o at_o half_a or_o quarter_n length_n tumble_v down_o a_o enemy_n dead_a or_o alive_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o parapet_n and_o not_o cut_v his_o pike_n at_o all_o and_o because_o our_o author_n may_v mean_v redoubt_n and_o battery_n which_o be_v make_v at_o sieges_n for_o true_o i_o do_v not_o well_o know_v where_o to_o find_v he_o i_o say_v the_o musqueteer_n stand_v on_o the_o foot_n bank_n of_o these_o and_o do_v their_o work_n the_o pikeman_n may_v stand_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o redoubt_n or_o battery_n and_o kill_v or_o throw_v over_o any_o enemy_n that_o be_v on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o parapet_n as_o a_o corollary_n to_o this_o six_o argument_n our_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o scout_n that_o be_v lose_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o stoad_n where_o the_o half_a of_o the_o soldier_n be_v pikeman_n to_o who_o he_o attribute_n the_o loss_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v by_o scout_n some_o post_n and_o why_o may_v not_o i_o say_v the_o other_o half_o of_o the_o defendant_n who_o be_v musketeer_n occasion_v the_o loss_n and_o not_o the_o pike-man_n but_o because_o i_o know_v not_o what_o he_o mean_v i_o shall_v grant_v he_o all_o he_o say_v and_o yet_o aver_v that_o the_o particular_a oversight_n of_o pike-man_n will_v never_o conclude_v the_o pike_n universal_o useless_a seven_o he_o say_v pike-man_n can_v make_v a_o retreat_n for_z say_v he_o a_o
landtgrave_n eight_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o horse_n to_o the_o queen_n thirty_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o the_o aggregate_v be_v forty_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o add_v the_o landtgrave_n twenty_o two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o foot_n to_o the_o queen_n seventy_o nine_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o both_o the_o infantry_n amount_v to_o a_o hundred_o and_o two_o thousand_o and_o sixty_o now_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o when_o their_o army_n be_v cass_v they_o do_v not_o exceed_v nay_o nor_o come_v near_o the_o half_a of_o these_o number_n for_o if_o you_o add_v the_o number_n of_o the_o infantry_n to_o that_o of_o the_o cavalry_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v a_o hundred_o forty_o six_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o now_o i_o conceive_v thirty_o colonel_n may_v have_v command_v all_o the_o cavalry_n and_o thirty_o three_o colonel_n all_o the_o infantry_n these_o will_v have_v be_v in_o all_o but_o 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french_a cavalry_n archer_n and_o light_a horse_n how_o the_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr be_v mount_v and_o arm_v have_v be_v tell_v you_o and_o these_o be_v use_v by_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n before_o ever_o the_o roman_a name_n be_v know_v among_o they_o and_o be_v call_v clupeati_fw-la these_o latter_a clupeati_fw-la clupeati_fw-la gens_n d'armes_fw-fr or_o curiassier_n be_v all_o order_v in_o several_a troop_n but_o not_o in_o regiment_n these_o troop_n be_v all_o to_o be_v compose_v of_o gentleman_n by_o their_o birth_n and_o be_v not_o of_o equal_a strength_n they_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n for_o some_o be_v in_o the_o kind_n gens_n d'armes_fw-fr of_o two_o kind_n king_n pay_n some_o not_z those_o entertain_v by_o the_o king_n be_v call_v des_fw-mi ordonnance_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr or_o of_o the_o king_n establishment_n some_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o gentleman_n some_o of_o sixty_o some_o of_o fifty_o and_o some_o of_o forty_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n or_o merit_n 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powerful_a and_o prevail_a enemy_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v teach_v to_o give_v fire_n on_o horseback_n that_o in_o a_o open_a field_n they_o may_v keep_v a_o enemy_n at_o a_o distance_n till_o they_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o close_a country_n a_o straight_a a_o pass_n a_o bridge_n a_o hedge_n or_o a_o ditch_n and_o then_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o alight_v and_o defend_v that_o advantage_n that_o thereby_o though_o perhaps_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o dragoon_n themselves_o the_o cavalry_n may_v be_v save_v when_o they_o alight_v they_o cast_v their_o bridle_n rain_v over_o the_o neck_n of_o their_o sideman_n horse_n and_o leave_v they_o in_o that_o same_o order_n as_o they_o march_v of_o ten_o dragoon_n nine_o fight_n and_o the_o ten_o man_n keep_v the_o ten_o horse_n for_o what_o they_o have_v get_v the_o denomination_n of_o dragoon_n denomination_n whence_o they_o have_v their_o denomination_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v tell_v but_o because_o in_o all_o language_n 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it_o be_v beyond_o the_o further_a file_n of_o that_o wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o you_o be_v charge_v on_o both_o flank_n than_o your_o right_a and_o left-hand_a file_n fire_n both_o and_o immediate_o march_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o body_n room_n be_v make_v for_o they_o and_o in_o such_o piece_n of_o service_n as_o these_o officer_n must_v be_v attentive_a dexterous_a and_o ready_a to_o see_v all_o thing_n do_v orderly_o otherwise_o confusion_n first_o and_o immediate_o after_o a_o total_a rout_n will_v inevitable_o follow_v if_o your_o body_n be_v retire_v from_o a_o enemy_n who_o pursue_v you_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o two_o last_o rear_n how_o iâ—_n the_o rear_n rank_n stand_v whereof_o one_o have_v fire_v it_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o the_o one_o half_a by_o the_o right_n the_o other_o half_o by_o the_o left-hand_a march_v up_o to_o the_o van_n make_v ready_a all_o the_o while_n this_o way_n be_v much_o practise_v especial_o in_o the_o low-countries_n but_o with_o submission_n to_o their_o better_a judgement_n i_o shall_v think_v it_o more_o easy_a for_o these_o rank_n that_o have_v fire_v to_o march_v every_o man_n of_o they_o up_o to_o their_o leader_n and_o then_o step_v before_o they_o through_o these_o interval_n of_o three_o foot_n that_o be_v between_o file_n and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o trouble_n either_o to_o themselves_o or_o their_o neighbour_n if_o the_o service_n with_o the_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o van_n as_o most_o it_o be_v way_n musqueteer_n after_o fire_v fall_n off_o two_o several_a way_n rank_n may_v after_o they_o have_v fire_v fall_v off_o two_o several_a way_n first_o the_o rank_n which_o have_v fire_v divide_v itself_o into_o two_o and_o the_o half_a go_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o left_a
their_o general_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v approve_v by_o they_o shall_v be_v practise_v the_o old_a roman_n indeed_o keep_v themselves_o morose_o to_o their_o ancient_a form_n whereby_o they_o have_v be_v exceed_o prosperous_a and_o call_v all_o new_a invention_n schematism_n but_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o follow_v they_o in_o all_o their_o opinion_n for_o i_o be_o of_o lipsius_n his_o judgement_n valde_fw-la mihi_fw-la placent_fw-la nova_fw-la &_o novitia_fw-la istae_fw-la inventiuncula_fw-la these_o little_a new_a invention_n caution_n to_o be_v practise_v with_o much_o caution_n say_v he_o please_v i_o mighty_o lieutenant-colonel_n elton_n in_o his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n have_v very_o many_o pretty_a figure_n of_o several_a body_n of_o foot_n all_o of_o they_o exceed_v delightful_a and_o fit_a for_o show_v and_o some_o of_o they_o for_o use_n provide_v officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v often_o and_o thorough_o accustom_a to_o they_o before_o 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may_v rather_o be_v call_v carabineer_n than_o dragoon_n in_o france_n the_o lieutenant_n of_o horse_n march_v now_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o captain_n or_o ritmaster_n four_o or_o five_o foot_n near_o the_o troop_n a_o innovation_n as_o many_o other_o custom_n be_v against_o which_o i_o have_v little_a to_o say_v or_o rather_o just_a nothing_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o former_a chapter_n have_v speak_v enough_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o of_o those_o who_o be_v neither_o and_o yet_o both_o dragoon_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o speak_v a_o word_n or_o two_o to_o some_o question_n that_o be_v start_v concern_v they_o i_o shall_v propose_v they_o and_o speak_v my_o thought_n of_o they_o for_o to_o answer_v and_o solve_v they_o to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o will_v be_v a_o undertake_n pure_o impossible_a the_o first_o question_n shall_v be_v this_o which_o of_o the_o two_o officer_n of_o equal_a quality_n both_o under_o one_o prince_n or_o state_n the_o one_o of_o horse_n the_o other_o of_o foot_n shall_v command_v in_o chief_a have_v no_o superior_a at_o that_o time_n above_o they_o suppose_v those_o who_o be_v to_o be_v command_v consist_v of_o both_o foot_n and_o horse_n the_o second_o question_n shall_v be_v whether_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o inferior_a quality_n may_v upon_o occasion_n command_v one_o of_o a_o high_a degree_n as_o whether_o a_o lieutenant_n may_v command_v a_o captain_n the_o question_n be_v subdivide_v into_o two_o as_o first_o whether_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n of_o a_o inferior_a quality_n may_v command_v a_o officer_n of_o foot_n of_o a_o high_a degree_n and_o next_o whether_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o king_n prince_z state_n or_o general_n guard_n aught_o or_o may_v have_v the_o command_n above_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o superior_a quality_n in_o any_o other_o regiment_n of_o the_o army_n suppose_v a_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o foot_n to_o command_v over_o any_o captain_n of_o another_o regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o the_o like_a of_o the_o horse_n there_o may_v fall_v out_o a_o thousand_o emergence_n and_o occasion_n for_o such_o encounter_n and_o therefore_o they_o will_v be_v obviate_v and_o provide_v for_o by_o necessary_a and_o punctual_a order_n as_o suppose_v which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a there_o be_v but_o one_o general_a person_n with_o a_o part_n of_o a_o army_n and_o in_o a_o encounter_n he_o be_v kill_v the_o colonel_n under_o he_o strive_v for_o the_o command_n in_o chief_a make_v themselves_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n which_o fall_v out_o but_o a_o very_a few_o year_n ago_o to_o the_o dane_n when_o they_o unfortunate_o fight_v against_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n next_o suppose_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o foot_n and_o horse_n command_v by_o a_o colonel_n who_o have_v under_o he_o but_o one_o lieutenant-colonel_n and_o one_o major_n several_a ritmaster_n and_o foot-captain_n the_o three_o field-officer_n be_v kill_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o chief_a command_n belong_v to_o the_o elder_a ritmaster_n or_o the_o elder_a captain_n or_o to_o he_o of_o these_o two_o who_o can_v show_v the_o elder_a commission_n in_o that_o same_o service_n if_o the_o first_o of_o these_o question_n be_v well_o and_o judicious_o handle_v and_o discuss_v there_o will_v need_v but_o a_o few_o word_n to_o be_v speak_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o first_o question_n be_v which_o of_o the_o two_o officer_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n shall_v have_v the_o command_n there_o be_v some_o who_o take_v a_o broad_a axe_n to_o it_o and_o by_o a_o equal_a division_n will_v satisfy_v both_o party_n and_o say_v that_o in_o the_o field_n the_o officer_n of_o horse_n and_o in_o town_n castle_n garrison_n and_o fortify_v place_n the_o officer_z of_o foot_n shall_v have_v the_o prime_a command_n this_o arbitration_n will_v seem_v to_o give_v pretty_a good_a satisfaction_n to_o peaceable_a man_n but_o the_o ambition_n of_o commander_n of_o horse_n challenge_v the_o superiority_n in_o all_o place_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v the_o officer_n of_o foot_n shall_v be_v so_o modest_a as_o to_o give_v it_o they_o in_o any_o place_n without_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n assure_o this_o superiority_n can_v in_o reason_n be_v challenge_v by_o either_o foot_n or_o horse_n unless_o they_o conceive_v their_o employment_n be_v either_o more_o necessary_a more_o to_o be_v trust_v to_o or_o more_o honourable_a than_o the_o other_o we_o shall_v then_o get_v some_o light_n to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n when_o we_o have_v examine_v whether_o the_o cavalry_n or_o infantry_n of_o a_o army_n be_v most_o necessary_a or_o most_o trust_v to_o and_o most_o honourable_a or_o all_o three_o and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o necessity_n reason_n and_o if_o i_o have_v any_o right_a reason_n common_a sense_n will_v evince_v that_o horse_n be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a in_o the_o manage_n a_o war_n but_o as_o they_o say_v ad_fw-la bene_fw-la esse_fw-la only_o needful_a they_o be_v for_o the_o better_a manage_v the_o war_n or_o to_o say_v better_o they_o be_v useful_a and_o convenient_a but_o the_o foot_n be_v pure_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a as_o without_o which_o no_o war_n ever_o be_v nor_o no_o war_n ever_o can_v be_v manage_v consider_v that_o the_o impugnation_n and_o defence_n of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o important_a and_o most_o necessary_a point_n of_o war_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a military_a art_n yet_o these_o have_v be_v may_v be_v and_o for_o most_o part_n be_v maintain_v and_o defend_v and_o assault_v and_o take_v by_o the_o foot_n only_o without_o the_o help_n of_o horseman_n and_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o paradoxical_a who_o say_v that_o horseman_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o be_v not_o convenient_a within_o besiege_a place_n and_o without_o at_o sieges_n as_o little_a unless_o a_o enemy_n with_o succour_n be_v expect_v and_o in_o the_o field_n a_o well_o order_v and_o courageous_a well_o arm_a batallion_n of_o foot_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o tread_v down_o by_o a_o brigade_n of_o horse_n as_o some_o man_n fancy_n and_o when_o their_o charge_n be_v stout_o stand_v out_o i_o know_v not_o what_o the_o horse_n can_v do_v but_o ride_v i_o will_v not_o say_v run_v away_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a we_o shall_v find_v all_o i_o have_v say_v support_v and_o more_o too_o and_o though_o our_o young_a gallant_n will_v be_v govern_v by_o no_o former_a custom_n yet_o i_o believe_v truth_n itself_o have_v bid_v we_o follow_v the_o good_a old_a way_n and_o therefore_o let_v we_o take_v a_o short_a view_n how_o little_a necessary_a many_o nation_n have_v think_v horseman_n to_o be_v in_o their_o
the_o one_o or_o other_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o army_n now_o as_o i_o say_v before_o where_o the_o great_a trust_n be_v there_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o consequent_o the_o infantry_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o cavalry_n these_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o know_v to_o the_o grecian_n and_o macedonian_n he_o that_o command_v the_o whole_a phalanx_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a army_n stay_v with_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n so_o do_v all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o army_n and_o certain_o they_o have_v detachment_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v and_o the_o suntagmatarch_n of_o a_o foot_n phalanx_n have_v under_o his_o command_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o six_o man_n with_o colour_n and_o suitable_a officer_n how_o will_v the_o merry_a greek_n have_v laugh_v if_o this_o suntagmatarch_n who_o our_o captain_n sixty_o year_n ago_o in_o many_o place_n when_o company_n be_v three_o hundred_o strong_a do_v represent_v have_v be_v require_v to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o command_n of_o a_o elarchos_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o sixty_o four_o horse_n and_o represent_v our_o ritmaster_n now_o adays_o for_o sometime_o the_o grecian_a troop_n of_o horse_n be_v one_o hundred_o in_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n a_o legion_n be_v command_v by_o tribune_n by_o turn_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o from_o the_o french_a by_o tower_n he_o who_o six_o month_n it_o be_v to_o command_v have_v ordinary_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o sometime_o five_o thousand_o and_o sometime_o six_o thousand_o foot_n under_o his_o command_n the_o horse_n ordain_v to_o attend_v this_o legion_n be_v but_o adjectitious_a and_o be_v seldom_o above_o three_o hundred_o sometime_o not_o so_o many_o the_o denomination_n of_o any_o officer_n be_v à _fw-la majori_fw-la parte_fw-la from_o the_o great_a part_n and_o therefore_o the_o tribune_n be_v a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n and_o yet_o command_v these_o three_o hundred_o horse_n as_o absolute_o as_o he_o do_v any_o centuriate_a in_o the_o legion_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o with_o reason_n i_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o roman_a discipline_n the_o horse_n be_v constant_o command_v by_o officer_n of_o foot_n and_o peruse_v all_o the_o roman_a history_n you_o shall_v not_o find_v that_o ever_o any_o officer_n of_o horse_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n of_o any_o of_o the_o foot_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v their_o balist_n catupult_n their_o batter_a ram_n their_o ambulatory_a town_n their_o bridge_n and_o all_o the_o material_n whereof_o these_o be_v compose_v now_o these_o be_v the_o artillery_n of_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v the_o treasurer_n and_o treasure_n of_o the_o army_n all_o provision_n for_o man_n and_o horse_n their_o altar_n and_o place_n of_o devotion_n and_o though_o the_o troop_n of_o horse_n have_v their_o petty_a standard_n and_o vexilla_fw-la yet_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v mount_v on_o a_o long_a pole_n and_o be_v the_o great_a ensign_n of_o the_o legion_n be_v constant_o entrust_v to_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o first_o centurion_n who_o be_v a_o foot-officer_n with_o the_o foot_n the_o consul_n march_v lodge_v and_o fight_v all_o these_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o not_o to_o the_o horse_n show_v that_o these_o conqueror_n of_o the_o world_n esteem_v the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horse_n for_o still_o i_o say_v the_o more_o trust_v the_o more_o honour_n it_o be_v true_a the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v all_o elect_a of_o gentleman_n for_o so_o i_o interpret_v the_o equestris_n ordo_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o have_v a_o precedency_n at_o door_n and_o table_n before_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n who_o be_v all_o levy_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o but_o that_o give_v they_o no_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o the_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n now_o pretend_v to_o nor_o will_v the_o roman_a discipline_n which_o order_v the_o horse_n to_o ride_v the_o round_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o foot_n as_o you_o have_v it_o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n entitle_v these_o horseman_n to_o any_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o these_o guard_n of_o foot_n no_o more_o than_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v send_v to_o go_v a_o round_a with_o musqueteer_n to_o attend_v he_o will_v evince_v that_o he_o have_v the_o command_n of_o these_o guard_n or_o any_o centinel_n of_o they_o both_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a round_n be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o those_o who_o send_v they_o in_o what_o posture_n they_o find_v the_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n yea_o these_o four_o roman_a horseman_n who_o be_v to_o ride_v the_o round_n be_v command_v to_o lie_v at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o hut_n or_o tent_n of_o a_o centurion_n of_o foot_n which_o i_o think_v denote_v their_o subjection_n to_o he_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_a that_o with_o these_o ancient_a roman_n to_o who_o arm_n and_o discipline_n of_o war_n most_o of_o the_o world_n pay_v homage_n the_o foot-service_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o that_o on_o horseback_n to_o confirm_v this_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o where_o the_o great_a danger_n be_v there_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v the_o great_a honour_n now_o very_o often_o the_o roman_a consul_n where_o they_o see_v the_o enemy_n prevail_v in_o battle_n they_o call_v the_o cavalry_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o thither_o but_o mistake_v it_o not_o it_o be_v not_o to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n but_o to_o make_v they_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o legionary_n which_o encourage_v the_o foot_n when_o they_o see_v the_o horse_n can_v not_o ride_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a to_o fight_v on_o foot_n than_o on_o horseback_n the_o roman_n think_v fight_v on_o foot_n more_o honourable_a than_o fight_v on_o horseback_n and_o consequent_o the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horseman_n julius_n caesar_n the_o great_a captain_n that_o ever_o be_v practise_v this_o in_o the_o great_a battle_n he_o ever_o fight_v which_o be_v against_o the_o helvetian_o now_o call_v swisser_n to_o show_v good_a example_n he_o alight_v first_o from_o his_o horse_n and_o then_o cause_v all_o his_o cavalry_n to_o alight_v and_o as_o himself_o tell_v we_o cause_v all_o the_o horse_n to_o be_v drive_v away_o a_o great_a way_n from_o that_o place_n of_o battle_n and_o so_o do_v several_a of_o the_o roman_a consul_n before_o he_o and_o i_o think_v you_o need_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o horseman_n be_v on_o foot_n be_v marshal_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o the_o foot_n be_v and_o so_o the_o decurion_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o horse_n receive_v their_o order_n from_o the_o centurion_n each_o whereof_o command_v sixty_o footman_n whereas_o the_o decurion_n have_v but_o the_o command_n of_o thirty_o so_o here_o we_o 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prince_n who_o trace_v the_o path_n of_o honour_n and_o study_v both_o to_o show_v their_o own_o valour_n and_o to_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n which_o they_o conceive_v they_o do_v more_o proper_o on_o foot_n than_o on_o horseback_n since_o the_o best_a govern_a kingdom_n and_o state_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a have_v give_v the_o honour_n to_o the_o foot_n and_o not_o the_o horse_n by_o entrust_v they_o with_o their_o chief_a strength_n their_o treasure_n their_o artillery_n provision_n ammunition_n town_n castle_n and_o fortify_v place_n i_o can_v enough_o admire_v what_o new_a light_n the_o commander_n of_o horse_n of_o our_o time_n have_v get_v that_o can_v move_v they_o to_o demand_v a_o superiority_n over_o the_o officer_n of_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n with_o themselves_o if_o they_o say_v because_o they_o can_v be_v soon_o at_o a_o
then_o that_o captain-general_n commissionate_v lieutenant-general_n to_o command_v petty_a army_n under_o he_o but_o when_o he_o join_v his_o force_n the_o command_n of_o the_o lieutenant-general_n seem_v to_o cease_v because_o he_o be_v but_o the_o deputy_n of_o he_o that_o send_v he_o and_o a_o representative_a be_v no_o more_o a_o representative_a when_o he_o who_o he_o represent_v be_v present_a the_o roman_a consul_n have_v their_o lieutenant_n general_n who_o be_v call_v legate_n who_o command_v army_n apart_o legate_n roman_n legate_n when_o the_o consul_n think_v fit_a but_o have_v no_o command_n when_o the_o consul_n be_v present_a nor_o do_v caesar_n give_v those_o legate_n even_o in_o the_o consul_n absence_n a_o absolute_a power_n for_o speak_v of_o one_o of_o his_o own_o legate_n in_o the_o french_a war_n i_o believe_v it_o be_v labienus_n he_o commend_v he_o for_o not_o hazard_v a_o battle_n with_o the_o gaul_n though_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v the_o advantage_n because_o 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the_o rider_n well_o clothe_v and_o arm_v in_o muster_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o see_v that_o no_o colonel_n or_o ritmaster_n wrong_v the_o muster-master_n by_o duty_n his_o duty_n make_v a_o show_n of_o borrow_a man_n horse_n or_o arm_n whereby_o the_o prince_n may_v be_v cheat_v in_o his_o purse_n or_o disappoint_v in_o his_o service_n he_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o cavalry_n be_v pay_v and_o provide_v with_o proviant_a and_o fodderage_n and_o good_a quarter_n he_o shall_v also_o be_v a_o person_n who_o understand_v something_o of_o the_o foot-service_n in_o regard_n that_o when_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v send_v in_o any_o expedition_n ordinary_o some_o foot_n be_v send_v with_o they_o and_o then_o it_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n office_n to_o command_v both_o but_o it_o be_v a_o pity_n that_o all_o general_n person_n shall_v not_o make_v it_o their_o study_n and_o their_o work_n to_o understand_v both_o the_o foot_n and_o horse-service_n for_o i_o have_v see_v considerable_a party_n of_o foot_n more_o harassed_a and_o spoil_v in_o ashort_a time_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v rout_v by_o a_o enemy_n so_o little_a discretion_n some_o have_v to_o know_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o man_n and_o a_o horse_n it_o seem_v in_o the_o low-country_n service_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n command_v next_o the_o general_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n over_o the_o army_n even_o when_o they_o have_v feltmarshals_a but_o that_o custom_n be_v not_o now_o in_o other_o place_n where_o feltmarshals_a and_o lieutenant-felt-marshals_a command_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v now_o void_v the_o difference_n otherwise_o since_o they_o qualify_v the_o two_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o their_o army_n with_o the_o title_n of_o feltmarshals_a prince_n maurice_n and_o wurz_n a_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v in_o his_o general_n absence_n to_o do_v the_o cavalry_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n same_o duty_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o qualification_n if_o the_o cavalry_n be_v marshal_v in_o one_o body_n the_o general_n be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o it_o and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n on_o the_o left_a but_o if_o the_o horse_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o two_o wing_n the_o general_n command_v the_o right_a and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n command_v the_o left_a wing_n a_o major-general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n be_v to_o receive_v the_o word_n and_o all_o other_o order_n horse_n major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n from_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n he_o be_v to_o impart_v they_o to_o the_o general_n and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o after_o he_o have_v receive_v their_o command_n he_o be_v to_o give_v all_o to_o the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n of_o horse_n which_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o several_a regiment_n all_o complaint_n and_o difference_n between_o officer_n and_o horseman_n or_o among_o themselves_o be_v first_o bring_v to_o he_o which_o he_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o compose_v in_o a_o amicable_a way_n but_o if_o he_o can_v horse_n major-general_n of_o horse_n he_o be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o article_n and_o constitution_n of_o war._n he_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o all_o the_o guard_n of_o horse_n and_o order_n they_o and_o keep_v list_n of_o convoy_n and_o party_n that_o the_o several_a officer_n and_o trooper_n may_v have_v their_o turn_n in_o which_o a_o major-general_n shall_v show_v himself_o very_o impartial_a for_o very_o few_o or_o none_o there_o be_v who_o will_v not_o think_v themselves_o wrong_v in_o their_o reputation_n duty_n his_o duty_n if_o other_o be_v prefer_v to_o they_o where_o either_o danger_n may_v probable_o be_v look_v for_o or_o profit_v expect_v unless_o it_o can_v be_v make_v clear_a to_o they_o that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o turn_n to_o go_v on_o that_o party_n or_o with_o that_o convoy_n it_o be_v the_o major-general_n who_o have_v the_o cavalry_n in_o battle_n have_v first_o advise_v about_o the_o manner_n with_o the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n with_o the_o lieutenant-general_n if_o he_o be_v a_o understanding_n active_a stir_v and_o vigilant_a person_n a_o general_n and_o lieutenant-general_n may_v be_v lay_v aside_o as_o in_o many_o army_n over_o christendom_n they_o be_v though_o not_o in_o all_o this_o officer_n the_o english_a qualify_v with_o the_o title_n of_o commissary_n general_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o duty_n of_o a_o lieutenant-general_n and_o major-general_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v the_o foot_n general_a officer_n of_o the_o foot_n same_o which_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o belong_v to_o those_o of_o the_o horse_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la general_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v but_o rare_a banier_n be_v under_o gustavus_n adolphus_n and_o lind_n
body_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n to_o stand_v when_o it_o be_v charge_v both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o overw_v so_o that_o the_o strong_a in_o number_n have_v the_o advantage_n which_o the_o weak_a shall_v endeavour_v to_o counterbalance_v by_o art_n policy_n and_o stratagem_n this_o make_v i_o wonder_v how_o charles_n the_o five_o a_o great_a warrior_n in_o his_o instruction_n to_o his_o son_n philip_n the_o second_o assert_n that_o thirty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o order_v number_n a_o great_a advantage_n if_o they_o be_v well_o order_v four_o thousand_o horse_n be_v a_o sufficient_a army_n against_o any_o enemy_n how_o strong_a soever_o provide_v it_o be_v still_o keep_v at_o that_o strength_n and_o fresh_a man_n put_v in_o their_o place_n who_o be_v either_o put_v in_o garrison_n or_o be_v kill_v or_o dead_a because_o say_v he_o hardly_o shall_v you_o find_v any_o ground_n capable_a to_o contain_v more_o without_o encumbrance_n but_o 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horse_n and_o then_o one_o of_o foot_n and_o so_o with_o the_o rest_n other_o like_v not_o this_o so_o well_o but_o like_o better_a to_o fortify_v their_o squadron_n with_o plotton_n of_o musqueteer_n who_o give_v their_o volley_n incessant_o before_o the_o horse_n plotton_n of_o musqueteer_n with_o horse_n horse_n come_v to_o their_o charge_n and_o this_o assure_o do_v exceed_o disorder_v and_o damnify_v body_n of_o horse_n before_o they_o can_v come_v to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o pistol_n or_o lance_n â—or_a the_o lance_n be_v not_o yet_o out_o of_o fashion_n with_o the_o polonian_n hungarian_n trarsylvanians_n and_o walachian_o beside_o those_o of_o more_o easterly_a nation_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o mix_v foot_n with_o horse_n gustavus_n adolphus_n make_v good_a use_n in_o his_o war_n with_o pole_n and_o in_o germany_n too_o especial_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o leipsick_a but_o that_o great_a prince_n be_v not_o the_o first_o that_o invent_v it_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o world_n many_o age_n before_o he_o among_o the_o ancient_a grecians_n roman_n and_o german_n too_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o coligni_n the_o famous_a admiral_n of_o france_n have_v ordinary_o harquebusier_n of_o foot_n mix_v with_o his_o horseman_n and_o true_o as_o i_o think_v musqueteer_n have_v do_v and_o can_v do_v good_a service_n against_o horse_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o charge_n so_o i_o conceive_v in_o the_o charge_n pikeman_n well_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a will_v notable_o assist_v horseman_n if_o they_o be_v interline_v with_o they_o but_o it_o seem_v general_n think_v not_o so_o because_o they_o do_v not_o use_v it_o but_o in_o the_o marshal_n army_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o interval_n between_o the_o great_a body_n whether_o these_o be_v regiment_n or_o brigade_n some_o allow_v but_o 24_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o they_o and_o they_o say_v if_o they_o be_v great_a the_o enemy_n may_v easy_o get_v into_o these_o void_a place_n and_o so_o fall_v upon_o body_n narrow_a interval_n between_o great_a body_n the_o flank_n of_o the_o several_a body_n and_o ruin_v they_o a_o consideration_n that_o carry_v much_o reason_n with_o it_o but_o true_o this_o order_n be_v good_a if_o the_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o one_o front_n without_o any_o reserve_v but_o if_o it_o have_v a_o reserve_v these_o narrow_a interval_n in_o the_o battle_n render_v it_o useless_a nay_o they_o may_v help_v to_o ruin_v it_o my_o reason_n be_v this_o a_o reserve_n be_v appoint_v to_o advance_v against_o a_o enemy_n at_o one_o of_o these_o three_o occasion_n which_o be_v when_o the_o battle_n be_v weary_a when_o it_o be_v in_o danger_n and_o when_o it_o be_v beat_v now_o in_o none_o of_o these_o three_o can_v the_o reserve_v be_v steedable_a if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n for_o it_o to_o advance_v to_o draw_v up_o and_o to_o fight_v but_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o a_o brigade_n of_o three_o hundred_o man_n in_o front_n in_o the_o reserve_n can_v advance_v draw_v up_o and_o fight_v on_o a_o spot_n of_o ground_n twenty_o four_o foot_n broad_a or_o yet_o on_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n three_o reserve_n obstruct_v help_n from_o the_o reserve_n hundred_o foot_n broad_a for_o there_o they_o shall_v only_o have_v ground_n to_o stand_v on_o but_o no_o room_n to_o handle_v their_o arm_n especial_o their_o musket_n but_o it_o will_v be_v yet_o worse_o if_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v fly_v and_o these_o of_o the_o reserve_v advance_v for_o there_o shall_v be_v in_o that_o case_n such_o a_o medley_n and_o a_o embarras_n that_o they_o shall_v ruin_v one_o another_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o enemy_n i_o suppose_v for_o these_o or_o the_o like_a reason_n other_o allow_v as_o much_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n marshal_v in_o the_o battle_n as_o can_v contain_v a_o brigade_n draw_v up_o behind_o it_o use_n large_a interval_n of_o better_a use_n in_o the_o reserve_v all_o the_o brigade_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o a_o like_a strength_n and_o number_n and_o thereby_o whether_o the_o battle_n â—eel_v faint_a or_o fly_v the_o reserve_n may_v come_v up_o to_o the_o shock_n with_o a_o enemy_n without_o any_o impeachment_n give_v to_o it_o by_o the_o fly_a brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o thereby_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n give_v to_o those_o who_o flee_v or_o retire_v to_o rally_v on_o the_o ground_n whereon_o the_o reserve_v stand_v which_o be_v the_o order_n the_o ancient_a roman_n keep_v in_o their_o three_o batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n as_o i_o have_v at_o length_n show_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o their_o art_n of_o war._n and_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o day_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n ago_o the_o interval_n between_o batallion_n be_v so_o narrow_a that_o the_o complainâ—_n charles_n the_o five_o his_o complainâ—_n reserve_v can_v give_v they_o little_a or_o no_o assistance_n whereof_o he_o complain_v in_o his_o instruction_n to_o his_o son_n for_o he_o say_v they_o be_v all_o draw_v up_o in_o direct_a line_n these_o be_v his_o word_n that_o if_o you_o beat_v say_v he_o the_o foremost_a body_n they_o fall_v back_o upon_o the_o rest_n who_o be_v direct_o behind_o they_o and_o so_o bring_v they_o in_o disorder_n and_o consusion_n which_o hurtful_a error_n of_o marshal_v that_o emperor_n say_v he_o intend_v to_o rectify_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n refer_v the_o king_n his_o son_n to_o his_o write_a note_n upon_o that_o subject_a now_o what_o better_a way_n be_v there_o to_o rectify_v this_o evil_a than_o not_o to_o draw_v up_o any_o batallion_n of_o the_o reserve_v direct_o behind_o a_o batallion_n of_o the_o battle_n but_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n behind_o the_o interval_n that_o be_v between_o two_o batalion_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o this_o be_v the_o roman_n way_n who_o draw_v up_o the_o three_o body_n of_o their_o several_a legion_n one_o behind_o another_o chequerwise_a and_o here_o the_o objection_n mention_v before_o that_o a_o enemy_n may_v easy_o enter_v at_o these_o wide_a interval_n and_o charge_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o brigade_n in_o battle_n must_v be_v answer_v ordnance_n interval_n defend_v by_o ordnance_n that_o these_o interval_n be_v defend_v with_o great_a and_o small_a piece_n of_o ordnance_n suppose_v every_o one_o of_o they_o with_o four_o great_a and_o lesser_a piece_n or_o with_o three_o according_a as_o the_o train_n be_v great_a or_o small_a and_o if_o that_o do_v not_o the_o deed_n or_o that_o any_o of_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n begin_v to_o shrink_v or_o reel_v than_o that_o brigade_n of_o the_o reserve_v that_o be_v behind_o the_o interval_n in_o danger_n shall_v be_v order_v speedy_o to_o advance_v and_o possess_v it_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o
left_a hand_n three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n draw_v up_o direct_o behind_o the_o three_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o four_o brigade_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o on_o their_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o brigade_n of_o horse_n draw_v up_o behind_o the_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o make_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n marshal_v as_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v compute_v thus_o compute_v longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n compute_v the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n each_o consist_v of_o 600_o horse_n and_o consequent_o of_o 200_o leader_n both_o of_o they_o 400_o leader_n each_z whereof_o have_v three_o foot_n of_o ground_n allow_v he_o require_v 1200_o foot_n and_o the_o interval_n 600_o the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o foot_n 24_o as_o much_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o you_o will_v find_v the_o aggregate_v to_o be_v 3648._o each_o brigade_n of_o foot_n consist_v of_o 1800_o man_n six_o deep_a have_v 300_o leader_n and_o so_o the_o four_o brigade_n have_v 1200_o leader_n each_o of_o these_o have_v three_o foot_n allow_v he_o inde_fw-la 3600_o foot_n so_o every_o brigade_n have_v 900_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o must_v every_o interval_n have_v now_o there_o be_v three_o interval_n and_o three_o time_n 900_o amount_n to_o 2700._o there_o must_v be_v in_o every_o brigade_n two_o interval_n each_o of_o six_o foot_n between_o the_o pike_n and_o musqueteer_n so_o 12_o foot_n in_o every_o one_o and_o in_o all_o the_o four_o 48._o add_v 48_o to_o 2700_o and_o both_o of_o they_o to_o 3600_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 6348._o so_o much_o ground_n be_v require_v for_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o battle_n add_v 6348_o to_o 3648_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o horse_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 9996_o which_o will_v want_v four_o foot_n of_o two_o italian_a mile_n i_o shall_v neither_o trouble_v my_o reader_n nor_o myself_o to_o compute_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o reserve_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o two_o way_n of_o marshal_n this_o army_n of_o 16200_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v mean_v only_o in_o order_n to_o interval_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a a_o army_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o as_o many_o several_a figure_n and_o form_n as_o there_o may_v be_v general_n to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o the_o command_n of_o it_o between_o the_o battle_n and_o reserve_n there_o shall_v be_v as_o great_a distance_n of_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n of_o foot_n possess_v in_o its_o longitude_n but_o if_o the_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o three_o body_n than_o the_o distance_n between_o battle_n and_o rearguard_n must_v be_v double_a that_o distance_n that_o be_v between_o vanguard_n and_o battle_n that_o there_o be_v room_n for_o both_o to_o rally_v this_o be_v observe_v by_o two_o late_a prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n in_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n follow_v therein_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o interval_n between_o their_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n our_o levy_a man_n be_v arm_v pay_v exercise_v discipline_v divide_v into_o troop_n company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n with_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o sufficient_o proyid_v with_o general_a officer_n and_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o at_o length_n marshal_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n be_v now_o ready_a to_o march_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o baggage_n will_v disturb_v they_o unless_o it_o be_v put_v in_o some_o order_n the_o great_a number_n of_o coach_n wagon_n cart_n and_o horse_n load_v with_o baggage_n the_o needless_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o boy_n who_o follow_v army_n render_v a_o march_n slow_a uneasy_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o the_o latin_n give_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n just_o call_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n the_o right_a name_n of_o impedimenta_fw-la hindrance_n but_o because_o without_o some_o baggage_n a_o army_n can_v subsist_v it_o will_v be_v his_o ear_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o baggage_n may_v be_v as_o inconsiderable_a and_o small_a as_o may_v be_v and_o that_o it_o march_v in_o such_o order_n that_o every_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n may_v know_v his_o own_o place_n that_o so_o they_o may_v neither_o disturb_v one_o another_o nor_o yet_o hinder_v the_o march_n of_o the_o army_n the_o place_n where_o the_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o knowledge_n the_o general_n have_v of_o his_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o the_o army_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o van_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n but_o in_o these_o place_n there_o shall_v be_v foot_n baggage_n shall_v have_v convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n with_o it_o a_o convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n strong_a or_o weak_a according_a as_o occasion_n seem_v to_o require_v and_o of_o convoy_n for_o baggage_n i_o shall_v say_v these_o few_o thing_n in_o general_a in_o they_o these_o horseman_n who_o be_v not_o very_o well_o mount_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v employ_v but_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v set_v there_o whether_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n that_o be_v sick_a lame_a or_o wound_v for_o that_o be_v to_o betray_v both_o they_o and_o the_o baggage_n to_o a_o enemy_n when_o convoy_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v for_o defence_n of_o their_o charge_n as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v for_o the_o desire_n of_o booty_n spur_v man_n to_o desperate_a attempt_n they_o shall_v if_o convenient_o they_o can_v cast_v themselves_o within_o the_o wagon_n and_o cart_n draw_v up_o round_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o whence_o musqueteer_n may_v do_v notable_a service_n and_o out_o of_o which_o retrenchment_n the_o horse_n may_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n make_v handsome_a sally_n if_o they_o can_v get_v this_o do_v they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o put_v as_o much_o of_o the_o baggage_n or_o all_o of_o it_o if_o they_o may_v between_o they_o and_o their_o own_o army_n and_o themselves_o between_o the_o baggage_n and_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o if_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v both_o before_o and_o behind_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o though_o some_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n shall_v still_o follow_v the_o artillery_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v hold_v in_o all_o case_n and_o emergency_n the_o march_v of_o both_o army_n and_o baggage_n many_o time_n depend_v on_o contingent_n of_o which_o no_o determinate_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v the_o way_n to_o regulate_v baggage_n be_v to_o appoint_v under_o a_o severe_a penalty_n that_o no_o company_n troop_n or_o regiment_n shall_v have_v more_o wagon_n cart_n or_o baggage_n horse_n than_o such_o a_o set_a number_n already_o order_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n determine_v the_o number_n of_o wagon_n cart_n and_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v determine_v which_o shall_v be_v as_o few_o as_o may_v be_v with_o full_a power_n to_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n to_o make_v all_o that_o be_v over_o that_o number_n prize_n with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o all_o colonel_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o case_n of_o opposition_n in_o the_o former_a discourse_n we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n to_o free_v themselves_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a of_o this_o great_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n load_v their_o soldier_n like_o mule_n and_o ass_n this_o perhaps_o do_v suit_n those_o time_n better_a than_o it_o will_v do_v we_o but_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a allowance_n for_o carriage_n of_o a_o army_n baggage_n have_v be_v in_o the_o other_o extreme_a i_o shall_v instance_n four_o the_o swedish_n king_n and_o their_o general_n allow_v ten_o wagon_n to_o every_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o two_o to_o every_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o sutler_n wagon_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o sometime_o two_o to_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o wagon_n allow_v to_o wagon_n swedish_n allowance_n of_o wagon_n the_o field_n and_o staff-officer_n of_o regiment_n let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o cavalry_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o horse_n and_o these_o divide_v into_o a_o hundred_o troop_n and_o fifty_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n be_v think_v fair_a in_o the_o german_a war._n these_o hundred_o troop_n have_v for_o themselves_o a_o thousand_o wagon_n and_o a_o hundred_o for_o their_o sutler_n model_n these_o hundred_o troop_n in_o
he_o be_v to_o advance_v his_o march_n speedy_o to_o gain_v a_o pass_n or_o advantage_n of_o ground_n or_o stop_v his_o march_n and_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v and_o if_o nothing_o else_o will_v help_v he_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n either_o front_a that_o same_o way_n as_o he_o be_v march_v or_o face_v about_o to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o be_v in_o his_o front_n or_o rear_v and_o let_v god_n dispose_v of_o the_o victory_n as_o seem_v good_a in_o his_o eye_n our_o modern_a army_n have_v march_v and_o do_v still_o march_v one_o of_o three_o several_a manner_n a_o army_n may_v â—arch_v in_o three_o several_a manner_n way_n these_o be_v first_o by_o divide_v a_o army_n into_o three_o several_a body_n vanguard_n battle_n and_o arrierguard_n second_o by_o march_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n as_o they_o use_v to_o fight_v and_o these_o be_v common_o call_v battle_n and_o reserve_n three_o all_o in_o one_o battle_n whereby_o be_v mean_v the_o half_a of_o the_o cavalry_n in_o the_o van_n the_o other_o half_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o foot_n between_o they_o to_o clear_v all_o these_o three_o way_n of_o march_v let_v we_o suppose_v our_o army_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n these_o be_v divide_v after_o the_o first_o way_n thus_o in_o the_o vanguard_n body_n first_o manner_n in_o three_o body_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o these_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o horse_n to_o go_v before_o to_o search_v the_o way_n and_o discover_v that_o party_n shall_v be_v about_o one_o english_a mile_n before_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v small_a party_n send_v out_o about_o half_a a_o english_a mile_n which_o shall_v constant_o acquaint_v the_o great_a party_n and_o it_o the_o brigade_n behind_o and_o so_o from_o hand_n vanguard_n vanguard_n to_o hand_n till_o the_o intelligence_n of_o all_o they_o learn_v come_v to_o the_o general_n after_o these_o forlorn_a troop_n of_o horse_n follow_v command_v musqueteer_n with_o pioner_n to_o smooth_a and_o make_v plain_a the_o way_n for_o the_o artillery_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o cut_v tree_n or_o hedge_n or_o fill_v hollow_a ground_n or_o ditch_n after_o the_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n follow_v some_o field-piece_n suppose_v the_o half_a of_o those_o that_o be_v with_o the_o army_n and_o some_o wagon_n load_v with_o ammunition_n immediate_o after_o they_o march_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n these_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a vanguard_n and_o behind_o it_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n so_o you_o see_v this_o vanguard_n be_v a_o petty_a army_n of_o itself_o in_o the_o next_o place_n come_v the_o battle_n in_o this_o order_n first_o two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o battle_n battle_n general_n in_o person_n attend_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o his_o body_n and_o servant_n behind_o these_o the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n of_o artillery_n after_o it_o come_v in_o due_a order_n the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o the_o general_a officer_n and_o to_o all_o the_o four_o brigade_n which_o compose_v the_o battle_n in_o the_o rear_n whereof_o march_v two_o more_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o sometime_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n after_o the_o battle_n come_v the_o reerguard_n of_o our_o army_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reverse_n of_o the_o vanguard_n for_o first_o rearguard_n rearguard_n march_v its_o baggage_n with_o a_o command_v party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n next_o follow_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n than_o some_o field-piece_n behind_o they_o the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n who_o have_v a_o party_n behind_o they_o at_o the_o distance_n at_o least_o of_o one_o english_a mile_n to_o give_v they_o advertisement_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v follow_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o and_o a_o very_a commendable_a manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n but_o observe_v to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n especial_o if_o a_o army_n be_v numerous_a these_o three_o great_a body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n if_o the_o country_n convenient_o way_n thâ—se_o three_o body_n may_v march_v three_o several_a way_n afford_v they_o and_o this_o make_v a_o speedy_a march_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o battle_n must_v have_v two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o it_o have_v not_o before_o and_o consequent_o the_o van_n guard_n and_o rearguard_n each_o of_o they_o but_o two_o whereas_o by_o our_o former_a marshal_v each_o of_o they_o have_v three_o when_o they_o divide_v they_o be_v appoint_v to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o place_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v whether_o that_o be_v every_o night_n or_o every_o three_o four_o or_o five_o night_n this_o be_v do_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a march_v and_o â—dgeth_v constant_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o the_o artillery_n and_o these_o great_a officer_n who_o command_v the_o vanguard_n and_o arrierguard_n have_v major_n attend_v they_o every_o day_n and_o night_n beside_o ordinance-horseman_n to_o receive_v their_o direction_n and_o bring_v they_o speedy_o to_o they_o in_o regard_n some_o new_a intelligence_n may_v rational_o move_v they_o to_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n or_o any_o order_n they_o give_v concern_v it_o the_o second_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v in_o two_o body_n battle_n and_o body_n second_o manner_n in_o two_o body_n reserve_n you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o the_o army_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n which_o i_o thus_o order_n in_o the_o battle_n shall_v first_o march_v 400_o command_v horse_n who_o shall_v have_v a_o small_a party_n before_o they_o to_o discover_v next_z they_o pioner_n or_o country_n people_n with_o a_o party_n of_o musqueteer_n or_o firelock_n to_o plain_a the_o way_n than_o four_o brigade_n of_o horse_n next_o they_o field-piece_n than_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o he_o who_o command_v by_o his_o authority_n the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n follow_v after_o who_o come_v the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o coach_n and_o wagon_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n and_o all_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n after_o they_o come_v the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o all_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o the_o brigade_n themselves_o march_v after_o which_o come_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n bring_v up_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o reserve_n follow_v in_o this_o order_n first_o a_o command_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o reserve_n reserve_n foot_n than_o the_o whole_a baggage_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o reserve_v next_o to_o it_o field-piece_n with_o their_o wagon_n of_o ammunition_n after_o they_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n about_o one_o english_a mile_n behind_o they_o follow_v the_o rearguard_n of_o command_a horse_n these_o two_o great_a body_n for_o expedition_n way_n these_o two_o body_n may_v march_v two_o several_a way_n sake_n may_v likewise_o march_v two_o several_a way_n if_o the_o general_n have_v no_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o join_v when_o he_o give_v order_n for_o it_o observe_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o battle_n be_v the_o reserve_v and_o the_o reserve_n be_v the_o battle_n and_o consequent_o more_o brigade_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n than_o in_o the_o van_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n at_o such_o a_o occasion_n the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v the_o three_o manner_n of_o a_o army_n march_v be_v when_o it_o neither_o march_v in_o two_o body_n three_o manner_n in_o one_o body_n nor_o three_o distinct_a body_n but_o in_o one_o entire_a body_n which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v let_v i_o then_o once_o more_o refresh_v your_o memory_n by_o tell_v you_o our_o army_n consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n march_v first_o and_o make_v the_o vanguard_n these_o have_v before_o they_o command_v horse_n pioner_n and_o musqueteer_n as_o the_o other_o have_v then_o follow_v four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o general_n after_o they_o next_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n with_o his_o whole_a train_n after_o it_o march_v the_o other_o four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n compose_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o army_n the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o
will_v be_v or_o the_o way_n narrow_a as_o for_o most_o part_n it_o chance_v to_o be_v you_o may_v see_v i_o say_v how_o many_o mile_n may_v be_v between_o your_o front_n and_o your_o rear_n and_o indeed_o though_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n by_o the_o stick_n of_o great_a gun_n and_o pot-piece_n in_o deep_a dirty_a or_o clay_n ground_n give_v no_o retardment_n to_o the_o march_n as_o frequent_o it_o do_v or_o that_o a_o army_n meet_v with_o no_o extraordinary_a encumbrance_n as_o happy_o it_o may_v yet_o it_o will_v be_v no_o marvel_n to_o see_v the_o van_n at_o the_o head_n quarter_n before_o the_o rearguard_n be_v march_v out_o of_o their_o last_o night_n leaguer_n though_o the_o march_v be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n to_o allow_v as_o little_a distance_n or_o interval_n between_o several_a body_n or_o batallion_n as_o may_v be_v and_o to_o secure_a a_o close_a march_n the_o best_a and_o secure_a divide_v a_o army_n into_o two_o three_o or_o more_o body_n and_o march_v several_a way_n to_o make_v the_o great_a expedition_n when_o it_o may_v be_v do_v safe_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o if_o he_o be_v in_o your_o rear_n and_o that_o you_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v divide_v so_o you_o keep_v good_a order_n facilitate_v your_o retreat_n the_o two_o prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n both_o of_o they_o excellent_a captain_n order_v that_o in_o a_o march_n when_o one_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a partition_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o but_o fifty_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o only_o eighty_o foot_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o these_o prince_n cause_v their_o army_n to_o march_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n in_o three_o great_a body_n van_n guard_n battle_n and_o rearguard_n and_o those_o they_o call_v tercias_n or_o tersos_fw-la a_o spanish_a word_n which_o signify_v three_o and_o so_o the_o spaniard_n call_v their_o regiment_n of_o old_a and_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v they_o do_v so_o still_o these_o tersos_fw-la of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v indeed_o grand_a brigade_n and_o these_o have_v maâ—â—rs_n who_o be_v call_v major_n of_o the_o brigade_n beside_o major_n of_o regiment_n and_o in_o a_o march_n the_o prince_n allow_v no_o great_a distance_n between_o these_o great_a body_n but_o a_o hundred_o or_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n at_o most_o and_o herein_o they_o do_v not_o quadrate_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a captain_n who_o will_v have_v as_o great_a a_o distance_n between_o brigade_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o brigade_n be_v which_o we_o may_v suppose_v to_o be_v very_o many_o time_n a_o thousand_o foot_n though_o sometime_o less_o and_o consequent_o if_o there_o be_v ten_o such_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o very_a nine_o interval_n between_o the_o ten_o brigade_n take_v up_o nine_o thousand_o foot_n near_o two_o italian_a mile_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o way_n be_v not_o very_o broad_a there_o will_v be_v several_a mile_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o infantry_n but_o the_o reason_n bring_v by_o those_o that_o be_v of_o this_o judgement_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v but_o weak_a by_o a_o visible_a practice_n when_o a_o army_n be_v to_o go_v over_o a_o pass_n a_o water_n or_o a_o bridge_n the_o whole_a straight_a to_o march_v over_o a_o pass_n or_o a_o straight_a body_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v order_v to_o march_v very_o close_o lose_v something_o of_o their_o ordinary_a distance_n that_o one_o brigade_n or_o batallion_n be_v past_a another_o may_v immediate_o follow_v without_o intermission_n captain_n rud_n the_o late_a king_n engineer_n a_o very_a worthy_a person_n say_v at_o the_o pass_v a_o strait_a a_o army_n shall_v make_v a_o halt_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n and_o then_o pass_v over_o so_o many_o in_o breast_n as_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o over_o draw_v up_o again_o before_o time_n and_o not_o lose_v time_n they_o march_v for_o the_o last_o part_n i_o shall_v agree_v with_o he_o for_o no_o soon_o shall_v any_o forlorn-hope_a troop_n company_n or_o regiment_n be_v over_o a_o pass_n but_o they_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n till_o some_o other_o be_v over_o and_o if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n enough_o they_o shall_v advance_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o they_o find_v a_o more_o spacious_a field_n where_o they_o may_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n and_o expect_v the_o rest_n or_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o every_o particular_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n shall_v draw_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o strait_n which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v till_o the_o rear_n of_o that_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n come_v up_o and_o then_o begin_v their_o march_n over_o i_o shall_v yet_o agree_v with_o he_o but_o for_o a_o van_n of_o a_o army_n to_o stay_v till_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o pass_v a_o strait_a be_v a_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n which_o in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v very_o precious_a for_o in_o a_o army_n but_o of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n that_o halt_n shall_v be_v the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o four_o hour_n and_o this_o furnish_v a_o opportunity_n to_o a_o enemy_n to_o oppose_v the_o passage_n or_o wait_v his_o advantage_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o strait_a with_o more_o force_n policy_n and_o deliberation_n chap._n xx._n of_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o modern_a castrametation_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v and_o the_o army_n have_v march_v far_o quarter_n must_v be_v make_v somewhere_o and_o it_o must_v be_v either_o in_o town_n village_n or_o the_o field_n if_o the_o army_n be_v disperse_v in_o several_a village_n or_o hamlet_n it_o be_v do_v that_o it_o may_v village_n to_o quarter_v in_o village_n be_v refresh_v for_o some_o short_a time_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n if_o it_o be_v to_o lodge_v for_o one_o night_n and_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o than_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n stand_v in_o the_o field_n all_o night_n with_o strong_a guard_n forlorn-hope_n round_n and_o patrovilles_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o ordinary_o the_o head_n quarter_n be_v in_o some_o little_a town_n or_o village_n and_o the_o cavalry_n quarter_v round_o about_o in_o hamlet_n the_o infantry_n be_v encamp_v close_o by_o the_o head-quarter_n and_o if_o it_o be_v but_o to_o stay_v a_o night_n or_o two_o it_o do_v not_o usual_o entrench_v but_o as_o the_o old_a grecian_n do_v encamp_v on_o some_o place_n something_o fortify_v by_o nature_n as_o on_o a_o hill_n or_o some_o defensible_a ascent_n or_o where_o a_o river_n may_v be_v on_o one_o hand_n and_o a_o marsh_n on_o the_o other_o and_o where_o the_o place_n iâ—_n defective_a they_o must_v help_v it_o with_o spade_n and_o mattock_n if_o danger_n be_v apprehend_v or_o if_o the_o foot_n must_v lodge_v in_o a_o champagn_n their_o wagon_n field_n to_o quarter_v in_o the_o field_n draw_v about_o they_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a good_a shelter_n against_o sudden_a infall_n and_o this_o the_o german_n call_v a_o wagonburg_n that_o be_v a_o fortification_n of_o wagon_n and_o it_o be_v better_a than_o the_o roman_a fossa_n tumultuaria_fw-la in_o ancient_a time_n where_o ever_o this_o night-leaguer_n chance_v to_o be_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a must_v be_v careful_a to_o choose_v such_o a_o place_n as_o want_n for_o neither_o wood_n water_n nor_o foderage_n a_o alarm-place_n shall_v be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horse_n in_o case_n their_o quarter_n happen_v to_o be_v beat_v up_o in_o the_o night_n as_o also_o a_o place_n of_o rendezvouz_n at_o which_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o meet_v next_o day_n if_o it_o be_v all_o in_o one_o body_n and_o at_o such_o a_o hour_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v the_o encamp_a of_o a_o army_n for_o some_o considerable_a time_n require_v a_o orderly_a time_n to_o encamp_v and_o fortify_v for_o a_o long_a time_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o very_o ordinary_a yet_o it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o several_a accident_n and_o emergement_n such_o as_o these_o when_o a_o enemy_n come_v unexpected_o who_o strength_n and_o design_n be_v not_o know_v when_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n it_o reason_n for_o it_o when_o he_o will_v preserve_v the_o country_n behind_o he_o whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n himself_o or_o to_o his_o friend_n or_o that_o he_o have_v win_v it_o from_o his_o enemy_n when_o the_o pestilence_n or_o other_o
contagious_a disease_n rage_v so_o in_o town_n and_o village_n that_o he_o dare_v not_o hazard_v to_o quarter_v his_o army_n in_o they_o when_o he_o suppose_v he_o may_v destroy_v his_o enemy_n by_o temporize_v as_o fabius_n maximus_n who_o use_v to_o subdue_v his_o enemy_n more_o with_o hunger_n than_o the_o sword_n or_o as_o sallust_n say_v the_o great_a commendation_n of_o a_o general_n be_v to_o gain_v the_o victory_n without_o blood_n or_o when_o ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o sometime_o ratio_fw-la status_fw-la make_v he_o stay_v for_o more_o of_o his_o own_o force_n or_o those_o of_o his_o friend_n and_o ally_n this_o oblige_v the_o great_a gustavus_n to_o fortify_v his_o leaguer_n and_o his_o army_n within_o they_o at_z verben_fw-ge and_o at_o nuremburg_n or_o last_o when_o he_o be_v to_o besiege_v a_o town_n fort_n or_o castle_n which_o he_o conceive_v will_v not_o very_o soon_o render_v and_o may_v rational_o expect_v succour_n and_o relief_n be_v then_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o may_v be_v more_o reason_n for_o a_o fortify_v answer_v lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomerie_n disapprobation_n answer_v leaguer_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o lovis_n de_fw-fr montgomerie_n who_o will_v only_o allow_v of_o entrench_v camp_n in_o two_o case_n when_o a_o army_n be_v near_o a_o considerable_a enemy_n and_o when_o other_o lodging_n can_v be_v have_v and_o he_o allege_v that_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o their_o hiberna_fw-la and_o some_o of_o our_o fortify_v leaguer_n will_v be_v only_o good_a in_o arabia_n the_o desert_n but_o not_o in_o a_o country_n where_o town_n village_n and_o incorporation_n may_v be_v have_v but_o beside_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v for_o entrench_v camp_n i_o shall_v say_v to_o montgomerie_n that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o many_o of_o these_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n keep_v both_o their_o winter_n and_o summer_n quarter_n be_v then_o as_o desert_n as_o arabia_n be_v now_o and_o in_o our_o time_n it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o take_v in_o village_n hamlet_n and_o castle_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o a_o fortify_v camp_n or_o if_o a_o fortify_v town_n be_v either_o behind_o or_o on_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o camp_n it_o add_v infinite_o to_o the_o strength_n and_o convenience_n of_o it_o provide_v there_o be_v no_o contagion_n or_o infectious_a disease_n within_o thaâ—_n town_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o which_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o a_o leaguer_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o open_a field_n where_o no_o town_n or_o village_n be_v and_o then_o let_v we_o see_v how_o a_o army_n can_v be_v convenient_o quarter_v in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v so_o capacious_a as_o to_o contain_v all_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v within_o it_o and_o next_o that_o there_o be_v no_o part_n or_o place_n of_o it_o redundant_fw-la or_o useless_a in_o regard_n it_o must_v be_v fortify_v and_o the_o small_a circumference_n a_o fortification_n be_v of_o the_o more_o tenible_a and_o defensible_a it_o be_v and_o the_o few_o man_n will_v maintain_v it_o but_o before_o a_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n form_v his_o camp_n he_o shall_v be_v observant_a of_o such_o consideration_n as_o these_o which_o follow_v first_o if_o he_o can_v choose_v camp_n some_o consideration_n necessary_a before_o entrench_v a_o camp_n he_o shall_v not_o encamp_v in_o low_a ground_n for_o these_o be_v unwholesome_a of_o themselves_o and_o will_v quick_o be_v make_v worse_a next_o if_o he_o encamp_v on_o a_o hill_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v a_o river_n or_o water_n run_v by_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o and_o such_o a_o water_n who_o stream_n can_v be_v divert_v by_o the_o enemy_n for_o a_o river_n or_o deep_a run_a water_n do_v not_o only_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o camp_n but_o defend_v some_o side_n or_o part_n of_o it_o three_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a that_o his_o enemy_n have_v not_o fortify_v place_n or_o garrison_n on_o the_o side_n or_o flank_v of_o his_o camp_n much_o less_o behind_o it_o which_o may_v cut_v off_o the_o pass_v and_o avenue_n whereby_o his_o provision_n shall_v come_v four_o he_o shall_v encamp_v in_o such_o a_o place_n where_o his_o horse_n may_v not_o want_v fodder_n and_o where_o abundance_n of_o hay_n straw_n or_o grow_a corn_n may_v be_v have_v both_o to_o feed_v the_o beast_n and_o for_o the_o soldier_n to_o cover_v their_o hut_n with_o and_o to_o lie_v upon_o five_o if_o wood_n be_v not_o near_o he_o he_o shall_v lay_v down_o a_o way_n how_o wood_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o he_o abundant_o for_o fire_n to_o the_o guard_n for_o dress_v meat_n for_o bake_v and_o wash_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artillery_n for_o palisadoe_n battery_n platform_n and_o bridge_n but_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o great_a and_o thick_a wood_n be_v contiguous_a as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o lie_v within_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o foot_n of_o the_o camp_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o and_o two_o or_o three_o sconce_n or_o redoubt_n build_v where_o the_o tree_n stand_v for_o prevent_v ambush_n or_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o after_o the_o camp_n be_v plant_v and_o entrench_v the_o commander_n in_o chief_n will_v order_v provision_n magazine_n for_o provision_n strong_a convoy_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o bring_v all_o manner_n of_o victual_n provision_n and_o munition_n to_o his_o camp_n from_o these_o place_n where_o he_o have_v appoint_v magazine_n to_o be_v keep_v as_o also_o he_o shall_v appoint_v guard_n to_o convoy_n the_o empty_a cart_n wagon_n and_o horse_n back_o again_o and_o cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o use_v the_o country_n people_n kind_o and_o well_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v outrage_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v encourage_v to_o return_v the_o often_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o camp_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v its_o fortification_n camp_n defence_n of_o a_o camp_n the_o draught_n whereof_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o engineer_n by_o enclose_v it_o within_o and_o without_o the_o ditch_n with_o bulwark_n curtain_n redoubt_n sconce_n half_a moon_n and_o tenailles_fw-fr all_o which_o go_v under_o the_o general_n name_n of_o trench_n which_o word_n be_v only_o proper_a for_o the_o fortification_n of_o a_o leaguer_n and_o but_o borrow_v for_o the_o approach_n to_o besiege_a place_n the_o second_o defence_n of_o the_o leaguer_n consist_v in_o its_o guard_n and_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n the_o subject_n of_o this_o be_v the_o orderly_a dispose_n and_o give_v a_o due_a proportion_n of_o ground_n to_o every_o regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n whereon_o to_o pitch_v their_o tent_n or_o be_v what_o castrametation_n be_v build_v their_o hut_n to_o the_o general_n tent_n to_o all_o the_o general_a officer_n to_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n for_o the_o proviant-master_n and_o proviant_a to_o the_o waggonmaster_n and_o wagon_n and_o final_o to_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o army_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a and_o this_o be_v call_v castrametation_n a_o latin_a word_n which_o signify_v the_o measure_v the_o camp_n for_o the_o ground_n must_v be_v proportionable_o give_v out_o by_o a_o equal_a measure_n and_o the_o do_v it_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n this_o officer_n know_v the_o general_n pleasure_n be_v to_o give_v the_o several_a regiment_n general_n a_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o brigade_n their_o town_n village_n and_o hamlet_n for_o their_o quarter_n nor_o must_v any_o of_o they_o offer_v to_o take_v any_o other_o than_o those_o that_o be_v assign_v to_o they_o by_o he_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v though_o but_o for_o one_o night_n the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v bind_v to_o wait_v upon_o he_o and_o receive_v his_o direction_n and_o if_o they_o be_v to_o encamp_v in_o such_o a_o leaguer_n as_o that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v he_o who_o measure_v out_o to_o every_o regiment_n its_o proportion_n of_o ground_n as_o shall_v be_v present_o declare_v it_o be_v he_o likewise_o who_o have_v the_o inspection_n of_o the_o old_a fortification_n and_o the_o direct_v new_a one_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o engineer_n be_v proper_o under_o he_o but_o he_o be_v to_o see_v the_o work_n and_o finish_v of_o these_o fortification_n he_o have_v frequent_o a_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n under_o duty_n his_o office_n and_o duty_n he_o his_o office_n be_v very_o honourable_a for_o by_o it_o he_o sit_v in_o all_o court_n and_o council_n of_o war._n he_o shall_v be_v a_o understand_a person_n and_o a_o good_a mathematician_n the_o old_a colonel_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n use_v to_o be_v general_a quartermaster_n but_o that_o custom_n be_v wear_v out_o
weak_a according_a to_o the_o nearness_n of_o a_o enemy_n foot_n be_v full_a and_o complete_a i_o think_v either_o in_o field_n or_o garrison_n a_o enemy_n not_o be_v near_o the_o four_o night_n duty_n be_v enough_o to_o keep_v officer_n and_o soldier_n in_o mind_n of_o their_o business_n though_o i_o know_v other_o think_v the_o three_o night_n easy_a enough_o if_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o and_o have_v not_o yet_o make_v approach_n it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o weary_a soldier_n more_o than_o be_v needful_a the_o three_o night_n watch_n will_v be_v sufficient_a for_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o number_n as_o the_o carefulness_n order_n and_o diligence_n of_o watch_n that_o preserve_v a_o camp_n town_n or_o fort_n from_o surprisal_n but_o when_o a_o enemy_n have_v invest_v the_o place_n and_o make_v approach_n more_o sentinel_n be_v requisite_a and_o consequent_o more_o man_n aught_v to_o be_v on_o the_o guard_n and_o this_o may_v bring_v the_o duty_n to_o the_o second_o night_n sometime_o i_o have_v see_v soldier_n keep_v on_o duty_n two_o night_n together_o and_o have_v only_o the_o three_o night_n allow_v they_o to_o repose_v and_o not_o to_o go_v to_o bed_n or_o put_v off_o their_o clothes_n that_o three_o night_n neither_o but_o to_o lie_v in_o readiness_n to_o run_v to_o their_o post_n so_o soon_o as_o call_v upon_o but_o when_o a_o bâ—siegeâ—_n have_v make_v gallery_n over_o the_o ditch_n it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o the_o besiege_a to_o lie_v constant_o at_o their_o several_a post_n our_o modern_a guard_n be_v as_o the_o ancient_a be_v either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n in_o the_o field_n whether_o the_o camp_n be_v fortify_v or_o not_o foot_n and_o horse_n have_v some_o guard_n appoint_v without_o the_o leaguer_n sometime_o together_o sometime_o horse_n guard_n of_o horse_n the_o horse_n without_o the_o foot_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v sentinel_n on_o horse_n back_o in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o major_a general_n or_o adjutant_n general_n shall_v appoint_v and_o these_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n be_v to_o be_v visit_v often_o by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o cavalry_n who_o be_v on_o the_o watch_n â—r_o by_o the_o lieutenant_n or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n these_o visit_n be_v ordin_fw-fr 〈…〉_o y_fw-es call_v patroâ—llies_n or_o patrovilles_n to_o distinguish_v they_o i_o think_v from_o the_o visit_n of_o the_o foot_n guard_n which_o be_v call_v round_n in_o garrison_n horseman_n be_v seldom_o require_v to_o watch_v in_o the_o night_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o siege_n but_o in_o the_o day_n time_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o ride_v out_o in_o party_n as_o strong_a and_o as_o far_o as_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v and_o this_o duty_n be_v ordinary_o call_v recognosce_v or_o beat_v the_o street_n within_o a_o leaguer_n the_o foot_n keep_v guard_n constant_o beside_o these_o outer_a post_n speak_v of_o already_o the_o guards_z within_z be_v twofold_a ordinary_a and_o twofold_a foot_n guardâ—_n twofold_a extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a be_v those_o which_o be_v keep_v within_o the_o fortification_n for_o its_o necessary_a defence_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o bastion_n curtain_n redoubt_n or_o sconce_n the_o extraordinary_a be_v such_o as_o be_v keep_v at_o the_o general_n lieutenant_z general_z or_o other_o general_a officer_n lodging_n at_o the_o proviant_a the_o wagon_n at_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n but_o observe_v that_o here_o the_o sentinel_n must_v stand_v with_o pike_n for_o be_v so_o near_o powder_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v burn_a match_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o take_v tabaco_n there_o be_v also_o two_o kind_n of_o sentinel_n extraordinary_a sentinel_n and_o ordinary_a one_o the_o extraordinary_a sentinel_n be_v those_o we_o call_v forlorn_a the_o word_n we_o horrid_a forlorn_a sentinel_n or_o perdues_z of_o horrid_a have_v from_o the_o dutch_a which_o signify_v lose_v the_o french_a call_v they_o perdues_z which_o be_v the_o same_o there_o be_v of_o they_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o first_o sit_v on_o horse_n back_o with_o his_o ordinary_a arm_n the_o foot_n perdue_n lie_v on_o his_o belly_n but_o have_v foot_n forlorn_a sentinel_n of_o foot_n neither_o musket_n fusee_fw-fr or_o carabine_n only_o a_o sword_n draw_v and_o if_o he_o be_v master_n of_o a_o dagger_n and_o a_o pistol_n he_o may_v have_v they_o too_o he_o be_v call_v lose_v because_o he_o be_v put_v in_o the_o most_o dangerous_a place_n and_o near_a the_o enemy_n neither_o be_v he_o to_o come_v back_o if_o he_o be_v only_o attack_v by_o one_o man_n if_o by_o two_o he_o may_v retire_v to_o the_o next_o perdue_n if_o there_o be_v any_o but_o if_o a_o great_a number_n than_o two_o come_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o run_v quick_o and_o alarm_n that_o guard_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v in_o this_o place_n speak_v of_o a_o alarm_n i_o wonder_v why_o monsieur_n de_fw-fr gaya_n in_o the_o 82_o page_n of_o his_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o garrison_n when_o alarm_n be_v beat_v or_o sound_v all_o soldier_n shall_v first_o meet_v at_o their_o captain_n house_n and_o from_o thence_o march_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o to_o maintain_v this_o to_o i_o seem_v very_o strange_a doctrine_n unless_o he_o have_v assurance_n that_o a_o enemy_n will_v neither_o enter_v nor_o scalade_n till_o his_o soldier_n first_o very_o fair_o meet_v at_o their_o captain_n lodging_n and_o then_o march_v to_o their_o post_n but_o by_o his_o favour_n i_o hold_v it_o more_o convenient_a that_o the_o soldier_n run_v as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v though_o man_n by_o man_n â—_o la_fw-fr desbandad_o direct_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rampart_n or_o retrenchment_n ordain_v for_o they_o to_o defend_v common_o call_v post_n or_o alarm-place_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o captain_n quarter_n we_o make_v it_o the_o sergeant_n duty_n to_o place_v the_o foot_n perdues_z at_o these_o post_n appoint_v by_o the_o sergeant_n major_n but_o i_o have_v know_v it_o do_v by_o the_o furâ—r_n or_o caporal_a of_o the_o gentleman_n and_o where_o such_o a_o officer_n be_v allow_v it_o seem_v to_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n and_o not_o to_o the_o sergeant_n who_o have_v employment_n enough_o beside_o he_o who_o be_v to_o be_v perdue_n shall_v be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n who_o the_o french_a call_n appoint_v and_o where_o these_o have_v no_o allowance_n of_o pay_n the_o captain_n shall_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o who_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o behaviour_n he_o conceive_v most_o fit_a for_o that_o employment_n the_o furer_n or_o sergeant_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o forlorn_a to_o his_o post_n and_o bring_v the_o other_o away_o with_o he_o he_o be_v also_o oblige_v frequent_o to_o visit_v his_o perdues_z for_o veâ—y_n often_o if_o they_o be_v not_o vigilant_a they_o be_v steal_v away_o bâ—_n a_o active_a enemy_n and_o therefore_o no_o perdues_z either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v entrust_v with_o the_o word_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o give_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v take_v a_o better_a order_n in_o my_o opinion_n than_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n who_o entrust_v their_o common_a soldier_n with_o the_o tessera_fw-la our_o forlorn_a sentinel_n be_v much_o use_v in_o the_o field_n when_o two_o army_n lyâ—_n near_o other_o wait_v their_o advantage_n but_o they_o be_v especial_o make_v use_n of_o at_o sieges_n of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n the_o ordinary_a sentinel_n if_o he_o belong_v to_o the_o cavalry_n stand_v on_o horseback_n foot_n ordinary_a sentinel_n of_o horse_n of_o foot_n the_o footman_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o camp_n town_n or_o garrison_n stand_v with_o his_o ordinary_a arm_n it_o be_v true_a i_o have_v see_v gentleman_n of_o company_n stand_v with_o draw_v sword_n at_o the_o chamber-door_n of_o prince_n when_o they_o have_v be_v visit_v garrison_n but_o notwithstanding_o that_o all_o foot_n soldier_n shall_v stand_v without_o duty_n their_o duty_n door_n with_o their_o ordinary_a arm_n whether_o tâ—â—_n be_v pike_n or_o musket_n when_o they_o be_v sentinel_n and_o constant_o at_o their_o seâ—â—â—nel_n posture_n neither_o shall_v any_o of_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o set_v down_o their_o arm_n the_o whole_a time_n they_o be_v on_o that_o duty_n but_o if_o they_o be_v weary_a they_o may_v shoulder_v their_o pike_n or_o musket_n and_o walk_v to_o and_o fro_o with_o they_o and_o so_o refresh_v themselves_o but_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o commissionated_a officer_n they_o be_v immediate_o to_o return_v to_o their_o sentinel-posture_n yet_o they_o be_v never_o suffer_v to_o set_v their_o arm_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n but_o this_o be_v too_o much_o connive_v at_o by_o officer_n who_o thereby_o show_v
where_o ordinary_o clock_n do_v not_o strike_v nor_o bell_n ring_n than_o the_o caporal_n be_v to_o have_v allowance_n of_o match_n which_o they_o call_v passelunt_a whereby_o they_o regulate_v passelunt_n passelunt_n themselves_o to_o relieve_v their_o sentinel_n when_o six_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n of_o it_o be_v burn_v in_o camp_n and_o garrison_n drummer_n be_v to_o beat_v taptoo_o at_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n revallie_o this_o word_n zapzu_n or_o taptoo_n be_v high_a and_o and_o low_a dutch_a and_o taptoo_n taptoo_n signify_v no_o more_o drink_n to_o be_v tap_v or_o sell_v and_o be_v not_o as_o some_o fancy_n to_o advertise_v the_o guard_n to_o place_v their_o night_n sentinel_n but_o to_o acquaint_v sutler_n to_z sell_v no_o more_o drink_n and_o soldier_n to_o go_v home_o to_o their_o lodging_n and_o who_o be_v find_v out_o of_o their_o quarter_n after_o it_o aught_o to_o be_v punish_v it_o shall_v be_v â—eat_n constant_o at_o one_o hour_n summer_n and_o winter_n and_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n be_v a_o proper_a time_n for_o it_o but_o by-guard_n as_o they_o be_v call_v and_o night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o their_o by-guard_n night_n sentinel_n and_o by-guard_n post_n when_o daylight_n be_v well_o near_o spend_v and_o this_o in_o winter_n will_v be_v about_o four_o and_o in_o summer_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n neither_o ought_v the_o last_o night_n sentinel_n to_o leave_v their_o post_n till_o the_o diana_n or_o revallie_o beat_v which_o can_v be_v do_v at_o one_o constant_a hour_n as_o the_o taptoo_n for_o in_o winter_n it_o may_v be_v eight_o and_o in_o summer_n three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o beat_v it_o shall_v not_o till_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n give_v order_n for_o it_o and_o he_o be_v not_o to_o take_v up_o his_o measure_n by_o daylight_n revallie_o diana_n travaille_n or_o revallie_o but_o by_o the_o clearness_n darkness_n or_o mistiness_n of_o the_o morning_n the_o 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to_o stand_v and_o then_o he_o may_v advise_v whether_o retire_v in_o some_o case_n better_a fight_n than_o retire_v it_o will_v be_v more_o convenient_a for_o his_o affair_n to_o continue_v his_o retreat_n or_o to_o fight_v and_o many_o time_n this_o last_o succeed_v well_o but_o sometime_o it_o succeed_v ill_a but_o i_o say_v still_o better_a fight_n than_o still_o retire_v when_o the_o retreat_n can_v probable_o be_v make_v without_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o army_n a_o champain_n or_o a_o long_a heath_n a_o numerous_a cavalry_n of_o a_o pursue_a enemy_n the_o weariness_n of_o both_o man_n and_o horse_n of_o the_o retire_a army_n hunger_n and_o want_n of_o sleep_n very_o often_o render_v the_o fight_v a_o battle_n more_o feasible_a than_o a_o retreat_n cornelius_n arvina_n a_o roman_a dictator_n perceive_v the_o sabine_n will_v storm_v his_o camp_n not_o yet_o well_o fortify_v leave_v his_o fire_n all_o burn_a and_o retire_v in_o the_o dead_a time_n of_o the_o 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consul_n sempronius_n be_v worsted_n by_o hannibal_n and_o get_v he_o to_o his_o camp_n and_o in_o the_o night_n with_o great_a silence_n retire_v and_o join_v with_o the_o proconsul_n licinius_n return_n fight_v the_o carthaginian_a and_z defeat_v he_o and_o he_o in_o the_o night_n retire_v with_o safety_n to_o croton_n julius_n caesar_n intend_v to_o march_v away_o from_o pompey_n to_o appollâ—nia_n send_v away_o his_o sick_a man_n and_o baggage_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n well_o guard_v with_o a_o pompey_n caesar_n retrâ—â—â—_n from_o pompey_n legion_n at_o the_o four_o watch_n he_o send_v away_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n except_z two_o legion_n and_o the_o cavalry_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v go_v to_o save_v a_o punctilio_fw-la of_o honour_n he_o cause_v a_o march_n to_o be_v sound_v
and_o get_v he_o away_o with_o all_o possible_a speed_n and_o make_v his_o retreat_n good_a notwithstanding_o pompey_n pursuit_n at_o the_o river_n genuso_n with_o his_o horse_n mix_v with_o foot_n but_o i_o find_v that_o for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o day_n he_o retire_v still_o send_v his_o baggage_n constant_o before_o and_o follow_v with_o his_o army_n in_o the_o night_n and_o what_o stand_v he_o make_v to_o face_n the_o enemy_n behind_o he_o be_v all_o in_o the_o day_n time_n nor_o have_v prince_n and_o great_a captain_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n think_v it_o dishonourable_a to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o that_o famous_a carthaginian_a and_o those_o illustrious_a saxe_n charles_n the_o five_o from_o the_o duke_n of_o saxe_n roman_n in_o make_v their_o retreat_n in_o the_o nighttime_n whereof_o i_o shall_v not_o weary_v you_o with_o more_o instance_n than_o three_o the_o victorious_a emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o find_v himself_o not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o fight_v maurice_n duke_n of_o saxe_n who_o be_v get_v very_o near_o he_o before_o he_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o his_o march_n retire_v with_o great_a silence_n in_o the_o night_n time_n from_o inspruck_a for_o haste_n leave_v some_o of_o his_o householdstuff_n behind_o he_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o france_n have_v victual_v the_o besiege_a town_n of_o landrecy_n in_o view_n of_o both_o the_o imperial_a and_o english_a five_o francis_n the_o first_o from_o charles_n the_o five_o army_n march_v twelve_o league_n baâ—k_v to_o guise_n where_o he_o stay_v till_o the_o emperor_n come_v in_o person_n who_o march_v with_o a_o puissant_a army_n to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n but_o francis_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o engagement_n leave_v some_o tent_n and_o baggage_n and_o many_o fire_n and_o in_o the_o night_n without_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n retire_v to_o place_n of_o safety_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o brave_a action_n that_o ever_o be_v do_v by_o that_o martial_a king_n yet_o some_o blame_v he_o perhaps_o with_o reason_n for_o stay_v the_o emperor_n come_v after_o he_o have_v relieve_v the_o town_n which_o be_v his_o only_a errand_n wallenstein_n duke_n of_o friedland_n fight_v the_o sweedish_a army_n at_o weymar_n wallenstein_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o weymar_n lutsen_n till_o night_n part_v they_o and_o though_o he_o know_v the_o king_n be_v kill_v and_o that_o his_o own_o force_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o the_o duke_n of_o weymars_n yet_o know_v his_o own_o want_n he_o resolve_v to_o retire_v and_o do_v it_o that_o same_o night_n without_o noise_n of_o trumpet_n or_o drum_n and_o leave_v some_o cannon_n behind_o he_o and_o though_o he_o stay_v next_o day_n at_o leipsick_a yet_o the_o night_n after_o he_o get_v he_o away_o and_o make_v but_o short_a stay_n at_o any_o place_n till_o he_o come_v to_o prague_n where_o he_o put_v himself_o in_o a_o posture_n to_o meet_v and_o fight_v that_o enemy_n from_o who_o he_o think_v it_o then_o fit_a to_o retire_v but_o many_o who_o have_v prefer_v a_o vain_a punctilio_fw-la of_o honour_n to_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o army_n have_v lose_v both_o their_o army_n and_o their_o honour_n whereof_o take_v only_o two_o instance_n after_o lautrec_n captain_n general_n of_o the_o french_a army_n have_v obstinate_o continue_v the_o siege_n of_o naples_n notwithstanding_o that_o a_o pestilentious_a disease_n have_v consume_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o make_v the_o rest_n unserviceable_a whereof_o he_o die_v himself_o the_o marquis_n of_o salusses_n who_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o command_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o other_o prime_a officer_n resolve_v to_o quit_v the_o siege_n and_o retire_v to_o anversa_n where_o a_o french_a garrison_n lie_v three_o league_n from_o the_o camp_n in_o pursuance_n whereof_o know_v their_o danger_n since_o the_o imperialist_n be_v very_o strong_a within_o the_o city_n command_v by_o two_o great_a captain_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o davalo_n marquis_n of_o guast_o they_o divide_v their_o infirm_a and_o sickly_a army_n equal_o into_o three_o part_n foot_n and_o horse_n mix_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o with_o every_o batallion_n appoint_v three_o falconet_n leave_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o artillery_n and_o baggage_n in_o their_o leaguer_n as_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n at_o break_v of_o day_n they_o march_v without_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n and_o a_o tempestuous_a rain_n fall_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n hinder_v the_o imperial_a sentinel_n and_o guard_n for_o a_o great_a while_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o french_a retreat_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o be_v overtake_v by_o 500_o horse_n and_o some_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n and_o though_o the_o last_o batallion_n of_o the_o french_a fire_v and_o fight_v right_o well_o yet_o do_v the_o imperial_a horse_n increase_v in_o number_n fierce_o charge_v they_o and_o rout_n they_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o second_o batallion_n likewise_o kill_v and_o take_v all_o those_o naples_n error_n in_o the_o fâ—ench_a retreat_n from_o naples_n of_o the_o first_o batallion_n by_o a_o speedy_a march_n get_v to_o anversa_n and_o save_v themselves_o till_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v and_o make_v they_o render_v on_o discretion_n now_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o if_o the_o marquis_n have_v begin_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n or_o at_o midnight_n for_o it_o be_v in_o autumn_n he_o have_v undoubted_o bring_v his_o army_n safe_a to_o anversa_n for_o his_o rear_n will_v have_v be_v soon_o by_o that_o account_n at_o that_o place_n than_o his_o van_n be_v which_o come_v safe_o though_o it_o begin_v not_o to_o march_v till_o break_v of_o day_n and_o by_o the_o bargain_n he_o have_v save_v his_o own_o life_n for_o there_o he_o get_v his_o mortal_a wound_n whereof_o he_o die_v the_o second_o instance_n be_v of_o piter_n strozzi_n a_o florentine_a who_o command_v in_o chief_a over_o a_o army_n of_o french_a under_o henry_n the_o second_o near_o to_o sienna_n within_o which_o marshal_n monluc_n be_v governor_n a_o army_n of_o spaniard_n under_o the_o command_n of_o james_n of_o medici_n strong_a by_o far_a than_o strozzi_n lay_v close_o by_o he_o strozzi_n resolve_v to_o retire_v to_o lusignan_n but_o will_v needs_o do_v it_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o consult_v the_o matter_n by_o letter_n with_o monluc_n who_o dissuade_v he_o from_o it_o with_o many_o reason_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o fresh_a example_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o france_n his_o retreat_n in_o the_o nighttime_n from_o guise_n and_o so_o prevail_v with_o he_o to_o retire_v in_o the_o nighttime_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o day_n be_v spend_v he_o send_v away_o two_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n to_o lusignan_n intend_v to_o follow_v with_o the_o army_n but_o the_o haughty_a florentine_a look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o dishonourable_a thing_n for_o he_o to_o show_v his_o sienna_n error_n in_o strozzi_n his_o retreat_n from_o sienna_n back_n in_o the_o nighttime_n to_o medici_n to_o who_o family_n he_o carry_v a_o inveterate_a hatred_n will_v needs_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o spite_n of_o he_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o the_o issue_n be_v his_o army_n be_v rout_v and_o himself_o hardly_o escape_v but_o that_o which_o monluc_n write_v of_o this_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o he_o no_o soon_o understand_v that_o strozzi_n have_v resolve_v to_o retire_v in_o the_o daytime_n but_o foresee_v the_o event_n of_o so_o frantic_a a_o resolution_n he_o instant_o conveen_v the_o podesta_n the_o magistrate_n and_o principal_a citizen_n of_o sienna_n and_o assure_v they_o the_o army_n in_o which_o they_o trust_v at_o that_o very_a time_n and_o hour_n in_o which_o he_o be_v speak_v to_o they_o be_v defeat_v and_o therefore_o advise_v they_o without_o delay_n to_o prepare_v for_o a_o siege_n and_o the_o event_n show_v he_o speak_v true_o if_o not_o prophetical_o for_o that_o day_n be_v the_o french_a army_n beat_v and_o next_o day_n the_o city_n be_v invest_v by_o the_o victorious_a army_n it_o be_v true_a two_o of_o king_n ferdinand_n general_n cazzianer_n and_o rocandolf_n time_n retreat_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o time_n each_z whereof_z lose_v a_o army_n to_o their_o master_n of_o 24000_o or_o 30000._o brave_a german_n retire_v the_o first_o from_o esecchio_n the_o last_o from_o buda_n both_o in_o the_o nighttime_n but_o they_o do_v it_o not_o soon_o enough_o and_o lose_v their_o army_n deserve_o because_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v at_o these_o place_n against_o all_o reason_n and_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o principal_a officer_n when_o they_o have_v certain_a intelligence_n of_o the_o daily_a march_n and_o approach_v of_o the_o turk_n i_o never_o say_v nor_o think_v that_o a_o retreat_n in_o the_o night_n will_v infallible_o save_v a_o army_n i_o
have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o the_o contrary_a but_o i_o ever_o say_v and_o still_o think_v that_o when_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o a_o retreat_z be_v much_o more_o proper_a to_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n the_o timely_a and_o orderly_o break_v up_o and_o retire_v of_o army_n from_o the_o sieges_n of_o town_n have_v save_v many_o of_o they_o whereof_o it_o will_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o discourse_n of_o the_o sieges_n of_o town_n and_o fortify_v place_n the_o manner_n of_o retreat_n whether_o they_o be_v make_v by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n use_v retreat_n the_o manner_n of_o a_o retreat_n to_o be_v this_o 1._o the_o whole_a train_n of_o artillery_n except_o some_o field-piece_n which_o shall_v stay_v in_o the_o rear_n with_o the_o general_n coach_n chancery_n and_o principal_a secretary_n be_v send_v away_o with_o a_o strong_a convoy_n of_o foot_n and_o some_o horse_n than_o all_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_a man_n next_o to_o they_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n next_o to_o it_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n behind_o who_o come_v the_o whole_a brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o after_o they_o the_o cavalry_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o it_o all_o the_o dragoon_n with_o as_o many_o command_v musketeer_n out_o of_o the_o several_a foot-regiment_n as_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a think_v fit_v and_o as_o many_o of_o they_o mount_v on_o horse_n as_o can_v be_v and_o behind_o they_o a_o select_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o present_a service_n which_o be_v to_o be_v relieve_v by_o turn_n by_o those_o who_o be_v before_o they_o one_o party_n still_o face_v the_o enemy_n till_o the_o party_n that_o be_v behind_o they_o be_v past_a this_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v if_o the_o whole_a army_n march_v one_o way_n but_o if_o it_o can_v divide_v and_o go_v several_a way_n the_o expedition_n will_v be_v the_o great_a the_o time_n and_o place_n be_v name_v the_o last_o whereof_o shall_v be_v a_o pass_n or_o fortify_v place_n by_o the_o general_n where_o all_o shall_v meet_v so_o that_o he_o who_o be_v first_o shall_v stay_v for_o the_o rest_n unless_o some_o command_n be_v give_v afterward_o to_o the_o contrary_n the_o same_o order_n in_o retire_v be_v to_o be_v keep_v by_o several_a grand_a division_n or_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n as_o if_o it_o march_v in_o one_o body_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n make_v so_o long_a a_o train_n that_o it_o retard_v country_n wagon_n and_o cart_n rather_o to_o be_v leave_v behind_o in_o the_o highway_n than_o to_o be_v burn_v in_o a_o close_a country_n the_o retreat_n exceed_o especial_o where_o there_o be_v enclosure_n and_o hedge_n and_o therefore_o i_o wonder_v that_o in_o all_o retreat_n order_n be_v not_o give_v to_o leave_v all_o wagon_n and_o cart_n behind_o for_o in_o a_o close_a country_n that_o will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o advantageous_a than_o to_o burn_v they_o and_o every_o man_n shall_v take_v his_o best_a and_o most_o precious_a thing_n out_o of_o they_o leave_v all_o trash_n and_o luggage_n of_o small_a value_n in_o they_o which_o will_v likewise_o retard_v the_o pursue_a enemy_n and_o these_o good_n the_o officer_n shall_v cast_v upon_o one_o horse_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baggage-horse_n either_o sick_a man_n shall_v be_v mount_v or_o musketeer_n for_o service_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v see_v do_v by_o the_o colonel_n themselves_o under_o pain_n of_o infamy_n and_o no_o less_o do_v they_o deserve_v who_o will_v prefer_v a_o little_a paltry_a stuff_n to_o either_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n or_o the_o safety_n and_o preservation_n of_o any_o one_o sick_a or_o wound_a member_n of_o it_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o do_v so_o oft_o as_o occasion_n require_v it_o shall_v be_v which_o gross_a oversight_n can_v be_v impute_v to_o none_o so_o much_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v to_o none_o else_o but_o to_o the_o general_n in_o all_o retreat_n great_a care_n shall_v be_v take_v that_o none_o get_v leave_v to_o fall_v behind_o to_o prevent_v which_o not_o only_o all_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a officer_n of_o regiment_n shall_v do_v their_o duty_n but_o the_o general_a marshal_n shall_v severe_o execute_v their_o power_n against_o delinquent_n and_o here_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o shoot_v those_o who_o will_v not_o keep_v rank_a and_o file_n i_o tell_v you_o that_o some_o light_a field-piece_n shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o rear_n for_o there_o they_o may_v be_v serviceable_a and_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o great_a if_o they_o be_v take_v for_o if_o he_o who_o command_v the_o army_n see_v he_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n â—ace_n about_o and_o fight_v nor_o can_v retire_v in_o that_o order_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v hardly_o pursue_v by_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevalent_a enemy_n he_o shall_v rather_o bury_v or_o if_o he_o can_v do_v that_o break_v and_o spring_v his_o great_a ordnance_n retreat_n ordnance_z to_o be_v break_v or_o spring_v in_o sudden_a retreat_n than_o lose_v his_o army_n by_o a_o hopeless_a hazard_n it_o to_o preserve_v his_o artillery_n and_o rather_o leave_v his_o foot_n to_o fight_v for_o good_a quarter_n than_o lose_v both_o it_o and_o his_o cavalry_n for_o the_o rule_n never_o fail_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o save_v some_o than_o lose_v all_o yet_o all_o mean_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o either_o infantry_n or_o artillery_n be_v desert_v i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o stay_v two_o or_o three_o hour_n for_o a_o mortar_n which_o be_v a_o great_a one_o and_o bemire_v in_o deep_a and_o dirty_a way_n occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o prince_n palatine_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n king_n be_v little_a army_n in_o their_o retreat_n from_o lemgaw_n to_o vlotho_n when_o a_o party_n of_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n or_o of_o both_o perceive_v they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o fight_v nor_o retire_v in_o a_o body_n it_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v practise_v to_o disband_v the_o party_n he_o who_o lead_v it_o bid_v every_o man_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o to_o go_v what_o way_n he_o please_v or_o shall_v find_v most_o safe_a or_o convenient_a for_o he_o and_o to_o meet_v at_o such_o a_o place_n as_o he_o then_o name_n so_o soon_o as_o possible_o they_o can_v that_o famous_a retreat_n which_o the_o two_o feltmarshal_n banier_n and_o leslie_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1637._o from_o turgaw_n in_o saxony_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v indeed_o a_o noble_a action_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v short_o this_o banier_n have_v besiege_v tâ—rgaw_n banier_n and_o leslie_n s_o retreat_n from_o tâ—rgaw_n leipsick_a which_o keep_v out_o gallant_o against_o he_o he_o make_v some_o breach_n and_o prepare_v to_o storm_v it_o in_o that_o very_a time_n come_v letter_n from_o leslie_n show_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o the_o river_n saal_n and_o march_v towards_o he_o count_n get_v with_o a_o imperial_a army_n be_v much_o too_o strong_a for_o he_o banier_n immediate_o give_v over_o the_o storm_n and_o the_o siege_n too_o send_v away_o his_o artillery_n baggage_n and_o foot_n and_o follow_v with_o his_o cavalry_n and_o join_v leslie_n at_o turgaw_n this_o town_n they_o fortify_v and_o bring_v in_o a_o world_n of_o provision_n both_o for_o man_n and_o horse_n and_o resolve_v to_o make_v it_o the_o seat_n of_o war_n against_o all_o the_o imperial_a and_o saxish_a army_n join_v together_o at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o number_n of_o fourscore_o thousand_o fight_a man_n under_o the_o command_n of_o count_n gallas_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o swede_n whereof_o the_o two_o swedish_n feltmarshal_n have_v good_a enough_o intelligence_n yet_o persist_v in_o their_o resolution_n till_o the_o imperialist_n be_v come_v very_o near_o they_o and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o cast_v up_o another_o account_n and_o find_v they_o have_v lose_v by_o their_o stay_n there_o a_o three_o of_o their_o force_n and_o therefore_o though_o a_o little_a too_o late_o they_o resolve_v to_o march_v to_o pomerania_n and_o so_o break_v up_o and_o get_v over_o the_o river_n of_o other_o at_o landsberg_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o opposition_n and_o maugre_o all_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v about_o they_o join_v with_o felt-marshal_n wrangle_n without_o loss_n of_o either_o infantry_n or_o cavalry_n a_o very_a gallant_a and_o memorable_a action_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o they_o shall_v have_v begin_v their_o retreat_n soon_o and_o so_o have_v save_v that_o three_o part_n of_o their_o army_n which_o they_o lose_v next_o year_n banier_n make_v gallas_n retire_v with_o a_o quick_a pace_n than_o he_o have_v make_v when_o gallas_n
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army_n that_o have_v attempt_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o town_n have_v retire_v and_o be_v either_o baffle_v or_o beat_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o besiege_a place_n may_v with_o reputation_n rendition_n of_o rendition_n yield_v on_o honourable_a condition_n which_o will_v not_o be_v so_o good_a as_o they_o will_v have_v be_v before_o but_o be_v what_o they_o will_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v punctual_o and_o inviolable_o keep_v but_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n if_o a_o besieger_n obtain_v a_o victory_n over_o the_o army_n that_o come_v to_o relieve_v the_o besiege_a place_n some_o think_v town_n to_o drive_v prisoner_n to_o the_o port_n of_o a_o besiege_a town_n he_o may_v drive_v all_o his_o prisoner_n to_o the_o port_n of_o the_o town_n and_o if_o the_o governor_n will_v not_o take_v they_o in_o he_o may_v suffer_v they_o to_o starve_v but_o i_o can_v find_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o governor_n shall_v admit_v they_o and_o far_o less_o why_o the_o 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the_o late_a duke_n of_o guise_n whereby_o he_o go_v fair_a to_o have_v disburden_a the_o king_n of_o spain_n head_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o naples_n immediate_o after_o the_o unexemplified_a rebellion_n of_o masanello_n but_o the_o duke_n entrust_v the_o several_a post_n of_o that_o great_a city_n of_o naples_n constant_o to_o the_o same_o officer_n encourage_v one_o of_o they_o to_o treat_v with_o the_o count_n d'ognati_fw-la and_o fall_v he_o that_o which_o be_v entrust_v to_o he_o when_o the_o duke_n be_v reduce_v a_o inconsiderable_a isle_n without_o the_o city_n this_o blast_v all_o his_o fair_a hope_n and_o short_o after_o lose_v he_o his_o liberty_n i_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n that_o surprisal_n be_v the_o second_o and_o next_o to_o treachery_n the_o easy_a way_n to_o take_v fortify_v place_n i_o speak_v of_o several_a kind_n of_o surprisal_n of_o any_o of_o which_o if_o a_o governor_n get_v intelligence_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o he_o to_o render_v it_o 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and_o here_o likewise_o shall_v all_o wagon_n and_o cart_n against_o wagon_n &_o cart_n cart_n be_v search_v especial_o if_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v load_v with_o hay_o straw_n or_o corn_n through_o and_o in_o which_o halberd_n shall_v be_v thrust_v for_o many_o time_n under_o such_o covert_n arm_a man_n be_v carry_v in_o at_o port_n of_o fortify_v place_n neither_o shall_v any_o cart_n or_o wagon_n be_v suffer_v to_o stop_v on_o a_o draw-bridge_n for_o that_o be_v often_o do_v to_o hinder_v the_o draw_v it_o up_o till_o a_o enemy_n lurk_v not_o far_o off_o run_v to_o the_o port_n and_o surprise_v it_o and_o in_o such_o a_o case_n if_o the_o portcullis_n at_o which_o for_o that_o purpose_n there_o shall_v constant_o stand_v a_o sentinel_n be_v not_o very_o soon_o let_v down_o a_o enemy_n may_v underprop_v it_o with_o strong_a fork_n short_a or_o long_o make_v purposely_o for_o that_o use_n if_o the_o port_n of_o a_o town_n castle_n or_o fort_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o curtain_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v and_o ordinary_o be_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o near_a bastion_n seem_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v those_o port_n from_o petard_n or_o any_o other_o manner_n of_o surprisal_n petard_n against_o petard_n yet_o some_o think_v that_o long_a and_o great_a prick_n of_o iron_n of_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n length_n sixth_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o draw-bridge_n will_v do_v well_o that_o when_o the_o draw-bridge_n be_v draw_v up_o those_o prick_n stand_v out_o may_v hinder_v petard_n to_o be_v affix_v as_o also_o that_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gate_n and_o port_n loophole_n be_v make_v pretty_a wide_a out_o of_o which_o may_v be_v throw_v stone_n log_n of_o timber_n and_o granade_n against_o the_o petardeer_n or_o water_n pour_v to_o quench_v the_o petard_n if_o it_o be_v already_o hang_v on_o there_o be_v several_a other_o way_n to_o be_v use_v against_o petard_n concern_v which_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o engineer_n and_o gunner_n but_o it_o be_v good_a to_o have_v within_o every_o port_n a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n of_o a_o large_a caliber_n constant_o port._n a_o great_a piece_n of_o ordnance_n within_o a_o port._n charge_v with_o cartridge_n wherewith_o to_o welcome_v those_o who_o first_o offer_v to_o enter_v for_o one_o of_o those_o unexpected_a volley_n do_v often_o make_v a_o enemy_n who_o in_o all_o surprisal_n have_v the_o half_a if_o not_o more_o of_o the_o fear_n retire_v fast_o than_o he_o advance_v i_o know_v a_o enemy_n who_o have_v get_v over_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o little_a town_n in_o germany_n without_o opposition_n and_o have_v advance_v to_o the_o marketplace_n where_o receive_v not_o above_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o musquetades_n run_v over_o the_o wall_n fast_o than_o he_o enter_v there_o be_v two_o general_a way_n good_a against_o all_o manner_n of_o surprisal_n surprisal_n two_o defence_n against_o all_o surprisal_n the_o one_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o port_n that_o be_v a_o raveline_n 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to_o beat_v a_o enemy_n out_o after_o he_o have_v come_v over_o the_o wall_n confuse_o this_o interval_n all_o ancient_a town_n have_v and_o they_o call_v it_o pomaerium_fw-la for_o they_o have_v two_o of_o they_o one_o before_z or_o without_o and_o another_o within_o the_o wall_n three_o if_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v to_o the_o shambles_n which_o in_o sieges_n be_v no_o extraordinary_a case_n the_o horseman_n may_v either_o have_v a_o post_n give_v they_o to_o defend_v or_o they_o may_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o foot_n when_o count_n nauso_n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o a_o imperial_a general_n storm_v peronne_n after_o a_o great_a breach_n make_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o it_o he_o be_v beat_v off_o by_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v belong_v to_o the_o lord_n florenge_n who_o leave_v their_o horse_n and_o in_o full_a harness_n with_o pike_n partisan_n and_o halberd_n maintain_v the_o breach_n two_o hour_n till_o they_o be_v relieve_v and_o i_o have_v see_v 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this_o octogon_n without_o mention_v octogon_n how_o many_o requisite_a to_o defend_v a_o octogon_n any_o of_o its_o outwork_n and_o how_o necessary_a these_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o dispute_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o long_o a_o enemy_n can_v be_v keep_v from_o the_o principal_a fort_n he_o be_v at_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n man_n munition_n and_o expense_n and_o consequent_o the_o long_a time_n be_v gain_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o who_o the_o besiege_a place_n belong_v to_o provide_v for_o its_o relief_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n many_o outwork_n require_v many_o man_n to_o maintain_v they_o many_o man_n require_v much_o meat_n and_o the_o short_a time_n meat_n last_v the_o soon_o will_v the_o outer-work_n outer-work_n fort_n give_v over_o beside_o the_o moulder_a away_o of_o man_n in_o outwork_n huge_o weaken_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o fort_n itself_o neither_o be_v these_o outwork_n of_o a_o old_a date_n if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o cardinal_n bentivoglio_n say_v that_o maurice_n prince_n of_o orange_n first_o add_v they_o to_o fortification_n i_o dare_v not_o believe_v this_o for_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v not_o above_o sixty_o four_o year_n since_o maurice_n be_v captain_n general_n of_o a_o army_n but_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o octogon_n of_o we_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n for_o who_o the_o fort_n hold_v out_o and_o more_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o that_o fort._n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o fort._n same_o persuasion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n with_o the_o garrison_n soldier_n than_o few_o soldier_n will_v serve_v perhaps_o by_o half_a for_o those_o burgess_n within_o the_o wall_n will_v fight_v stout_o for_o their_o wife_n child_n good_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v pro_fw-la aris_fw-la &_o focis_fw-la but_o if_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v and_o that_o the_o citizen_n be_v to_o be_v mistrust_v the_o governor_n have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o double_a 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to_o be_v coin_a some_o leather_n and_o order_v it_o to_o pass_v for_o currant_n money_n engage_v thereafter_o to_o give_v good_a coin_n for_o it_o so_o do_v toyras_n marshal_n of_o france_n forty_o year_n ago_o when_o he_o be_v besiege_v in_o casal_n by_o the_o famous_a marquis_n spinola_n yet_o a_o governor_n shall_v always_o reserve_v if_o he_o can_v a_o stock_n of_o money_n unspent_a for_o all_o accident_n as_o know_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o siege_n will_v increase_v with_o time_n for_o though_o loyalty_n duty_n reputation_n good_a word_n and_o hope_n prevail_v frequent_o with_o soldier_n to_o stand_v out_o against_o all_o hardship_n and_o difficulty_n manful_o yet_o as_o the_o french_a say_v argent_fw-fr faict_n tout_fw-fr sieges_n great_a use_n for_o it_o in_o sieges_n money_n do_v all_o intelligence_n be_v buy_v with_o money_n
fellow_n will_v be_v hire_v with_o money_n to_o go_v through_o the_o strict_a close_a and_o best_a guard_a approach_n and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o do_v in_o time_n of_o a_o sally_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o if_o the_o intelligencer_n have_v agree_v with_o the_o governor_n concern_v the_o precise_a time_n of_o his_o return_n another_o sally_n be_v make_v for_o his_o reception_n at_o the_o time_n of_o a_o desperate_a sally_n at_o the_o reparation_n of_o a_o dangerous_a breach_n at_o the_o work_n of_o retrench_v in_o time_n of_o a_o furious_a cannonade_n or_o when_o a_o assault_n be_v assure_o expect_v a_o largess_n of_o money_n with_o large_a promise_n of_o more_o have_v a_o wonderful_a influence_n upon_o the_o heart_n of_o soldier_n nor_o shall_v a_o governor_n spare_v in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o inhabitant_n a_o governor_n may_v borrow_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n borrow_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o if_o they_o be_v disaffect_v he_o may_v force_v they_o to_o lend_v and_o if_o they_o be_v friend_n it_o will_v not_o be_v time_n for_o they_o to_o hoard_v up_o their_o money_n when_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v all_o as_o the_o unhappy_a constantinopolitan_o do_v when_o sultan_n mahomet_n take_v their_o city_n by_o assault_n the_o four_o and_o five_o thing_n requisite_a for_o a_o garrison_n be_v munition_n of_o war_n ammunition_n ammunition_n and_o arms._n powder_n match_n and_o ball_n shall_v be_v frugal_o husband_v or_o free_o spend_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o store_n wherewith_o the_o fort_n be_v provide_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v lavish_v away_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o siege_n nor_o shall_v it_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o time_n of_o zap_n batteries_n gallery_n and_o assault_n but_o no_o needless_a waste_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o for_o this_o purpose_n a_o considerable_a magazine_n of_o ammunition_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o all_o fort_n especial_o in_o frontier_n garrison_n where_o the_o 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reach_v by_o shot_n unless_o from_o the_o flank_n which_o for_o most_o part_n be_v make_v useless_a by_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n before_o the_o assault_n we_o read_v even_o since_o the_o invention_n of_o powder_n what_o use_v our_o ancestor_n make_v of_o melt_a lead_n scald_a water_n and_o boil_a oil_n in_o time_n of_o assault_n at_o which_o lovis_n the_o montgomery_n in_o his_o french_a milece_n make_v good_a sport_n and_o say_v the_o defendant_n have_v as_o good_a throw_v handful_n of_o ash_n at_o their_o enemy_n but_o i_o be_o nothing_o opinion_n lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomery_n his_o opinion_n of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o experience_n be_v silent_a both_o reason_n and_o sense_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o fire_n do_v more_o hurt_n than_o ash_n and_o be_v not_o burn_v fire_n in_o all_o these_o i_o speak_v of_o scald_a water_n no_o question_n do_v mischief_n and_o may_v be_v use_v with_o no_o other_o expense_n than_o fire_n but_o lead_v and_o oil_n be_v chargeable_a and_o may_v i_o think_v be_v employ_v for_o better_a and_o more_o proper_a use_n the_o six_o and_o last_o but_o not_o the_o least_o requisite_a and_o necessary_a thing_n for_o a_o besiege_a mouth_n munition_n for_o the_o mouth_n place_n be_v munition_n for_o the_o mouth_n without_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n signify_v nothing_o what_o several_a provision_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n presuppose_v there_o be_v water_n enough_o in_o the_o fort_n be_v necessary_a for_o a_o garrison_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n where_o i_o have_v discourse_v of_o proviant_a the_o question_n be_v now_o what_o quantity_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v store_v up_o in_o a_o garrison_n that_o apprehend_v a_o siege_n there_o be_v some_o who_o think_v that_o six_o month_n provision_n be_v enough_o and_o drink_n for_o how_o long_o time_n a_o town_n shall_v be_v provide_v with_o meat_n and_o drink_n of_o these_o lovis_z de_fw-fr montgomery_n be_v one_o because_o say_v they_o in_o that_o time_n either_o the_o 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