Martiall expeditions and the cause of the spinning out of this Unnaturall Warre for by these long and tedious Marches the enemies conjoyne their Forces or recruite their scattered Armies and so make our designes vanish away to smoake In a word speed and activity in all Military attempts is as needfull as valour to conduce an intestine warre as ours is to a blessed Period 4. In our Preparations If our Marches are tedious our preparations are yet longer and yet we omit in them the most necessarie implements of warre I meane Tents Pick-axes Shovels and Spades Waggons Hand-barowes and Wheele-barowes Tortues Mantelets and Ladders If the Militia of the City of London doth then desire to see a speedy and a blessed end of this unnaturall warre they are to provide this Winter these necessaries following for if our Armies were provided with them they would expedite more warlike attempts in one month then they can now doe in three months as it shall be proved when I come to speake of intrenching and sieges 1. They should alwayes have ready twelve hundred Tents of six yards broad and eight yards long 2. Foure hundred Waggons two hundred of them close covered and two hundred uncovered 3. Foure hundred Ladders two hundred of sixteen foot long and two hundred of twelve foot long 4. Fourescore light flat botes to crosse Rivers 5. Foure hundred Barowes two hundred with Wheeles and two hundred Hand-barowes 6. Twenty Tortues and twenty Mantelets that are Engines that goe upon Wheeles to preserve Souldiers from the Musket-shot when they make their approaches and are to be so made that they may suddenly be dismounted and carried in Waggons 7. Two thousand Pick-axes two thousand Shovels two thousand Spades 8. Eight Sommes of six peny Nailes foure Sommes of ten peny nailes and two Sommes of double ten peny nailes 9. Foure hundred deale boards of twelve foot long and foure hundred round deale Poles of twelve foot long and of six Inches thick 10. And twelve Canons twenty-foure Colverins forty eight Drakes ready mounted with all their appurtenances Balls Pouder and Match proportionable 11. One hundred Ovens of iron plate to bake a Bushell of bread at a time 12. Forty Bakers forty Brewers forty Butchers twelve young Carpenters with their Tooles and twelve Commissaries of Victuals having every one of them six Waggons apiece belonging to themselves to provide the Army with all maner of Provisions for if this warre continue but one yeere longer our Armies will be famished and not able to advance because the Counties will be so desolated except there be Commissaries of Victuals appointed to provide the Armie by Waggons out of the Adjacent Counties But some will say you perswade us to incredible and unnecessarie charges for the greater part of these things we can procure in those Counties thorow which our Armies doe march or intend to lay siege against any of the enemies Garrisons I answer it is a great improvidence for an Army to be without the necessaries that belong to it and we know by experience that before the Countrie can be summoned to bring in Ladders Barowes Pick-axes Shovels and Spades for that only can be found in the Country that an Army may be intrenched about a Garrison Towne and suppose they bring them in sooner yet are they so worn broken and out of repaire that they are of no service but to spinne out time I remember when one of our Armies was last yeare to storme or to scale Basing House that they were constrained to send to London to have them made and so lost a fortnight of faire weather and then when the Ladders came the weather being rainy and cold they were inforced to raise the siege for want of Tents Now had they had all these implements with them they had come off with honour and taken that house and not left the worke to be done this yeare or for the next as they carry themselves before it The very charges then that hath been cast away about that house would have paid for ten times as many implements as are here specified besides the losse of the time which is worth as much more and the blemish of the reputation of the undertakers which is more then all the rest I conclude then that an Army is not to advance without all these implements to crosse Rivers to besiege Townes to intrench it selfe to make mines to erect plat-formes gabions and to storme or assault strong-holds without loosing halfe a dayes time by staying for materials to hinder their prosecution in any warlike attempt 5. In our Discipline Our indulgence in Military Discipline is also a great cause of the spinning out of this warre for Souldiers doe what they please their Generals Commands are not regarded at all For an Officer this Summer against the speciall order of his Commander forsook his Station and by it indangered the whole Army and was the cause of the losse of many valiant men And in the West many have this Summer forsaken their Station appointed by their Generall and by their disobedience sold his honour and Reputation And the last Brigade of the five Regiments that went out of the City notwithstanding that an Order was expresly published a moneth afore they went out to be ready at an houres warning yet there went out very few with their colours but lingered away the time two or three dayes our runawayes are neither degraded nor punished and that is the cause they make a custome of it as they have lately done at Banbury where three moneths time and a great summe of money hath been cast away If any t Officer or Souldier among the Romanes did forsake the Station appointed to him by his Generall it was present death if Souldiers did not go out of the City with their colours they were tried by a Councell of warre if they runned away before the enemies the tenth man suffered for it the Officers were degraded and the rest cashiered The ten u thousand that ran away from the battell at Cannes notwithstanding the Romane Common-weale had never so much need of men as at that time yet all the Commanders and Officers were degraded of their Nobility and cashiered for ever to beare Armes and the common Souldiers banished for ten yeare into Sicile And surely if our Military Discipline be not reduced to the Roman austerity or after the Greeks that was that all runawayes should stand three market * dayes in womens apparell upon a stage to be derided at for their cowardize all will goe to confusion and this Unnaturall warre will be spinned out till there be no more oyle in the lamp of this Kingdome to give it life 6. In our Rules of warre The order or rules of warre were never so neglected as they are in our dayes 1. In intrenchments 2. In fortifying Camps 3. In scaling 4. In mining 5. In storming 6. In our manner of assaults Of all which particulars I shall speake of as briefly as
wisedome of k Charles the fifth King of France for it is recorded that he never elected any of his Chiefe Commanders or Officers of warre or any of his Counsellours of State Judges or Magistrates to favour any of his favourites or at the sute of any of his Peeres but for their own merits made known to him by their former actions in Military Politick and Civill employments And by this Method and unpartiality in his elections there never was King more successefull in his Military enterprises nor more happy in his Politick Resolutions nor more beloved of his Subjects because Justice was unpartially administred in his dayes III. For the unknowne Method of this warre it is different from the Method of the ancient Greeks and Romanes and from the moderne Method of the most warlike Nations of these dayes In these particulars 1. In the true season of warre 2. In our Scouts 3. In our marches 4. In our preparations 5. In our Discipline 6. In our rules of warre 7. In the stratagems of war 8. In the true Maximes of warre 1. In the season of our warre There hath been from time to time one season more fit and convenient for warre then another as it may appeare 1. Chron. 20. 1. l At the time that Kings go out to battell Ioab led forth the power of the Army and wasted the countrey of the children of Ammon and besieged Rabbah c. But because the seasons doe differ according to the climate of the seat of every Countrie or Nation I will ground this observation according to the Climate of those that come nearest to ours In * Affrica the latter end of February was the ordinary season for Armies to take the field In Italy in the midst of March and in France in the beginning of April so that our most convenient season should be to take the field at the furthest in the midst of April and to withdraw our armies into their garrisons at Holland Tide or at the latter end of October But if we made use of Tents as we should indeed for the greater expedition of this warre then we might conveniently keepe the field untill the latter end of November But as the watermen that row against tide make lesse speed and have far more labour to goe to their Journies end then those that take the opportunity of the Tyde Even so to spinne out this Warre and to increase the labours of it and to waste our men and money we ordinarily imploy the greater part of the Winter time in actions of warre and suffer the Summer to passe away in recruiting our Armies or in our preparations of warre whereas Winter is the most convenient time to raise and inrole Forces and Reserves to recruit those Forces and to get ready all manner of provisions and necessary implements for warre And this is a great cause of the spinning out of the publike miseries 2. In our Scouts One of the greatest Secondary causes of the spinning out of this warre is our want of faithfull and diligent Scouts The City of London should never be without sixteen young active and faithfull Scouts that it might have every other day true intelligence from all the parts of the Kingdome and every day from our Armies for it would be the best spent mony of any and that would soon come in again twenty for one besides it would prevent many false rumours that are daily spread in the City greatly prejudiciall to the City and State Moreover for want of faithfull Scouts the City may very well be surprised or taken unprovided of many necessaries for a defensive posture as many other have been for want of them and divers others preserved by the speedy activity of their Scouts as I might prove by instances if I did not feare to make this Treatise greater then I purpose to doe And for our Armies faithfull and active Scouts would be the only preservation of them and the way to prevent for the time to come the slips of such Military opportunities that they have lost heretofore but these Scouts are to be experienced souldiers and very swift horsemen and not sillie countrey men or unexpert souldiers but such as are acquainted with all the stratagems of warre and that have the capacity to judge by the march of the enemies their project or intentions m Asdrubal Generall of the Carthaginians was defeated and all his Army for want of diligent Scouts for he never was acquainted that Claudius Nero and his Army was joyned with his Collegue Marcus Livius untill his Army was routed and himself mortally wounded 2. n Lewis the eleventh and Charles Duke of Burgundy and both their Armies were extremely terrified and amazed and like to fly away by the false report their Scouts brought to them that both Armies were advancing because they judged in a misty morning some high thistles that grew upon a high and long banck in the fields between the two Armies to be so many Regiments of their enemies Lanciers 3. o Marcellus an active and valiant Generall of the Romanes was slaine and his Collegue mortally wounded and his men defeated by Hannibal for want of faithfull Scouts to discover an Ambush that was laid to intrap them 4. Tiberius p Graccus and all his followers were slain by another Ambush of Hannibals for want of Scouts to discover the same 5. And q Crassus a Romane Commander was preserved and all his followers by the diligence of his Scouts 6. Sir William Waller was surprised the last yeare at the Vises and my Lord Generall was insnared this Summer in Cornwall for want of faithfull Scouts for to acquaint the one in time of the sudden coming of the enemies and the other of the straites and narrow passages to Foy The want then of diligent and faithfull Scouts in the City and in our Armies is a Cause of the spinning out of this Unnaturall Warre 3. In our Marches The Romane Souldiers did alwayes march when they did intrench themselves in a fortified Camp r eight miles a day and carried upon their backs three dayes provision their Armes and a Pallisado for the parapet of their Camp and when they carryed nothing but their Armes and three dayes provision they marched 16. miles a day the Germans in Hungaria marched in my time three Germane leagues which is 15. miles when they had Waggons to carry their Lumber and the French Armies march ordinarily 5. French Leagues that is above ten miles a day and Claudius Nero marched with his Army sevenscore miles in six dayes by which activity and swift March he defeated Hannibals brother and all his Army And s Caesars Marches were so swift that he and his Army passed the Craggie mountaines of the Alpes before the Romane Senate could have intelligence by their Scouts that he was departed out of France But our Armies require six weekes time to march sixscore miles which is the overthrow of all
might be produced to prove how dangerous it is for a State to employ Commanders in Chiefe in one Service that have had formerly or may yet have secretly some Antipathie of affections so much predominant are the passions of men over their naturall reason except they be curbed and restrained by a great measure of supernaturall Grace Now having sufficiently described some part of the deformity and of the dangerous effects of this fury of contention and division I come to shew the sweet Harmony and the excellent fruits of Unity and Concord The whole frame of nature without Concord and Unity would suddenly be changed into a Chaos of confusion if the powerfull hand of the Almighty did permit contention to raigne between any of the elements for we see what strange combustions happen in the aire for a small distemper that befals sometimes between the Meteors Concord and Unity is the humane saviour and preserver of Kingdomes and Common-weales A s Kingdome divided against it selfe cannot subsist saith our Saviour And how much lesse shall a weaker party subsist if it be divided by contentions and Antipathies of affections as ours is It was an ingenious Metaphor used by a Scythian t King to induce his sonnes to Unity To command a servant of his to bring before him a bundle of Arrowes knit together and to charge his sonnes one after another to endeavour to breake the same but they were not able whereupon he bad them to take them one by one and they brake them all easily Even so said he to them If you remaine constantly united one with another it will be impossible for the neighbour Nations to subdue or overcome you but if you let divisions and contentions be fomented among you you will become the prey of your meanest enemies And for the greater confirmation of the point I will endeavour to prove it by Instances both ancient and moderne 1. As long as the Ancient Greeks continued in unitie one with another it was impossible for u Philip the first King of Macedonia to reduce them into servitude But as soon as they by the covetousnesse of some of their Oratours were divided into factions it was an easie thing for him and Alexander the great his sonne to deprive them of their liberty 2. As long as the Romane Senatours were linked in unity one with another the Romane liberty was preserved and their Common-weale flourished and commanded the greater part of the world but as soon as they were divided into factions some for x Pompeius other for Caesar other for Crassus and other for Lepidus Caesar in a short time deprived them of their liberty 3. As long as the ancient y Gaules and Britanes were united together they flourished and sacked the Citie of Rome But when they were divided into factions by the Romane agents they were in a short time subdued by the Romanes 4. The Unitie and Concord that was among the z Commanders in Chiefe of the Protestant Party in the Civill warres of France was the only meanes after Gods favour of their subsistance for one cannot otherwise chuse that reads that History but admire the wisdome and meeknesse of the Admirall of Chatillon and the great industry he used to accord with the incompatible dispositions and naturall inclinations of some that were violent and fiery in all their designes and enterprises as was the Prince of Conde and Monsieur Dandelot and others yet with his humility and meeknesse he did quench all contentions that did arise from this Antipathy of dispositions and kept alwayes their will and affections constantly united to the Generall Cause 4. The unity and concord that was between Fabius Maximus P. b Decius two great Generals and Scipio and Lellius two other great Commanders was wonderfully profitable to the Romane Common-weale and that of Phocion and of Aristides to the Athenians Common-weale 5. The unity of c Themistocles and Aristides that were otherwise mortall enemies in their private affaires was extremely profitable to all the Greeks in the Councell of warre that was called by Euripidias their Generall before the battell of Salamine for their unity in opinion was the cause to obtaine that famous victory and of the preservation of all the Greeks 6. As long as the Duke of d Sommerset and the Lord Admirall his brother in the time of Edward the sixth King of England were united and linked in love and affections one with the other they preserved their credit and honours at Court against all their opposites But as soon as they came to be disunited and that by the instigations of their Ladies private discontents and contentions were fomented the Lord Admirall was presently arraigned by the connivance and the want of the assistance and support of the Lord Protector his brother and he himselfe shortly after by the potency of his adversaries brought to the same miserable end To conclude this point all the well affected Christians are obliged to pray daily to our gracious God that he will be pleased to indue abundantly the honourable Houses our Commanders in Chiefe the Assembly of Divines the Civill Magistrates the Militia the Committees in the City and in all the well-affected Counties the Citizens and common people with this speciall grace of Unity and Concord and with an unanimous spirit and resolution to maintaine his Truth his sacred Majesties just Prerogative the Priviledges of Parliament the Lawes of the Land and the Liberties of the Subject according to our last Covenant The fifth Secondary Cause is The unknowne Method of our Warre OF all the Judgements of God that are familiar to men the Pestilence the Famine and the Sword are reputed to be the greatest And of these three Warre is esteemed the most dreadfull And of all Warres the Civill is conceived to be the most destructive And therefore it is no wonder when the Lord sent his Prophet Gad to King David saying a Thus saith the Lord Choose thee Either three yeeres famine or three monthes to be destroyed before thy foes while that the sword of thine enemies overtaketh thee or else three dayes the sword of the Lord even the Pestilence c. if that good King did rather chuse to fall into the hand of the Lord for very great are his mercies then into the hands of cruell men Neither doe we finde in any ancient or moderne Histories that any Nation or Kingdome hath been utterly destroyed by the Pestilence or the famine for these two Judgements proceed more immediately from the hand of God that is mercifull and leave alwayes a remnant as an evidence to men of his incomprehensible compassions and mercies But Warre seemes more to proceed from men yet there is not any warre that hath any beginning continuance or end without the speciall will and pleasure of God that are of a more cruell disposition then Tygers when the Lord hath cast the bridell of permission over their neckes And