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rabble_n and_o the_o better_a to_o quell_v the_o disturbance_n procure_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v create_v 259._o which_o most_o suppose_v will_v be_v himself_o but_o the_o present_a consul_n make_v choice_n of_o m._n valerius_n a_o popular_a man_n suppose_v that_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o office_n alone_o will_v perform_v the_o work_n and_o that_o a_o person_n of_o a_o mild_a and_o moderate_a temper_n will_v best_o manage_v it_o valerius_n choose_v servilius_n the_o late_a consul_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o he_o mind_v the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o people_n more_o than_o his_o own_o authority_n tell_v they_o that_o if_o they_o will_v free_o follow_v he_o not_o only_o what_o they_o just_o require_v concern_v their_o debt_n but_o other_o reward_n shall_v be_v grant_v they_o by_o which_o mean_n he_o procure_v ten_o legion_n to_o be_v list_v with_o these_o he_o march_v against_o the_o volsci_n aequi_n and_o sabine_n who_o be_v all_o up_o in_o arm_n and_o have_v reduce_v 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great_a retrenchment_n of_o the_o consular_a power_n beside_o what_o have_v be_v cause_v by_o poplicola_n before_o and_o now_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v turn_v from_o a_o aristocracy_n to_o a_o democracy_n or_o at_o least_o to_o a_o mixture_n of_o both_o the_o awe_n which_o this_o sacrosanct_a magistracy_n have_v upon_o most_o people_n give_v they_o occasion_n afterward_o to_o enlarge_v their_o power_n and_o authority_n and_o to_o become_v most_o extravagant_o imperious_a assemble_v and_o dismiss_v the_o senate_n imprison_v the_o consul_n and_o the_o like_a as_o shall_v be_v more_o particular_o show_v afterward_o so_o that_o they_o often_o prove_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o dangerous_a sedition_n and_o tumult_n and_o be_v the_o great_a disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n insomuch_o that_o they_o be_v by_o some_o author_n call_v pest_n reipublicae_fw-la this_o remarkable_a innovation_n on_o the_o government_n happen_v in_o the_o 260th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 46_o after_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o babylonian_a and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o persian_a empire_n and_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o 71st_o olympiad_n chap._n iii_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o second_o intermission_n of_o the_o consular_a power_n by_o the_o decemviri_fw-la contain_v the_o space_n of_o 42_o year_n i._o the_o commons_o have_v get_v a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o office_n of_o tribune_n from_o the_o senate_n 260._o obtain_v further_o that_o they_o may_v yearly_o choose_v two_o out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n to_o assist_v these_o officer_n these_o be_v first_o call_v minister_n and_o assistant_n of_o the_o tribune_n but_o afterward_o aedile_n ab_fw-la aedibus_fw-la curandis_fw-la because_o one_o part_n of_o their_o office_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o repair_v the_o public_a building_n aedile_n aqueduct_n and_o common-sewer_n especial_o the_o temple_n of_o ceres_n where_o all_o the_o plebiscita_fw-la or_o ordinance_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v keep_v of_o which_o they_o have_v a_o oversight_n beside_o the_o care_n of_o the_o public_a building_n they_o be_v by_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o tribune_n to_o determine_v some_o particular_a controversy_n to_o look_v after_o such_o as_o hold_v more_o land_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v they_o to_o accuse_v such_o matron_n as_o live_v scandalous_o to_o punish_v excessive_a usurer_n and_o extortioner_n to_o restrain_v tipple_a and_o gaming-house_n to_o fine_a person_n for_o lewd_a and_o uncivil_a word_n or_o action_n to_o correct_v false_a weight_n and_o measure_n to_o provide_v breadcorn_n and_o oil_n in_o the_o time_n of_o famine_n and_o to_o see_v that_o the_o same_o be_v not_o hoard_v up_o nor_o the_o market_n forestall_v as_o also_o to_o take_v care_n that_o necessary_a provision_n be_v send_v to_o the_o army_n and_o the_o like_a about_o 127_o year_n after_o be_v add_v two_o more_o out_o of_o the_o patritian_n call_v aedile_n curule_n who_o 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after_o most_o violent_a quarrel_n on_o both_o side_n out_o of_o hope_n it_o may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o suppress_v the_o agrarian_a sedition_n grant_v those_o part_n that_o be_v common_a to_o the_o people_n who_o spend_v the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o year_n in_o building_n to_o the_o considerable_a increase_n of_o the_o city_n this_o grant_v satisfy_v the_o commons_o but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n for_o the_o next_o year_n their_o former_a complaint_n be_v renew_v and_o carry_v on_o with_o all_o the_o violent_a heat_n und_fw-ge animosity_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v often_o proceed_v to_o blow_n till_o at_o last_o the_o tribune_n have_v throw_v off_o all_o respect_n and_o reverence_n insolent_o set_v a_o day_n to_o the_o consul_n themselves_o to_o answer_v before_o the_o people_n but_o this_o appear_v so_o odious_a to_o many_o that_o they_o be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o let_v such_o a_o matter_n fall_v as_o be_v most_o dangerous_a both_o to_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o rome_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o make_v a_o firm_a resolution_n to_o prefer_v the_o agrarian_a law_n which_o they_o agree_v to_o do_v in_o the_o next_o assembly_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o appoint_v a_o day_n apart_o for_o the_o comitia_fw-la at_o this_o assembly_n be_v gather_v together_o great_a number_n of_o all_o rank_n and_o quality_n where_o the_o tribune_n have_v speak_v very_o large_o on_o that_o subject_a several_a of_o the_o plebeian_n relate_v what_o good_a service_n they_o have_v do_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o how_o little_a reward_n they_o have_v for_o their_o pain_n among_o which_o be_v siccius_n dentatus_n a_o man_n of_o admirable_a shape_n and_o courage_n 58_o year_n of_o age_n and_o well_o furnish_v with_o military_a eloquence_n for_o a_o seditious_a attempt_n who_o tell_v they_o he_o have_v serve_v his_o country_n in_o the_o war_n forty_o year_n have_v be_v a_o officer_n thirty_o first_o a_o centurion_n than_o a_o tribune_n have_v fight_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o battle_n in_o which_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o single_a arm_n he_o have_v save_v many_o patritian_n life_n recover_v several_a standard_n perform_v many_o great_a and_o dangero_n exploit_n gain_v 14_o civic_a crown_n 3_o mural_a crown_n and_o 8_o golden_a crown_n beside_o 83_o golden_a chain_n 60_o golden_a bracelet_n 18_o pure_a spear_n and_o 23_o horse-trapping_n whereof_o 9_o be_v for_o kill_a enemy_n challenge_v to_o single_a combat_n moreover_o he_o have_v receive_v 45_o wound_n all_o before_o and_o none_o behind_o particular_o twelve_o in_o that_o day_n the_o capitol_n be_v recover_v yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v fight_v so_o many_o year_n serve_v in_o so_o many_o expedition_n receive_v so_o many_o wound_n help_v to_o gain_v so_o many_o large_a territory_n for_o his_o country_n and_o have_v spare_v no_o cost_n or_o labour_n nor_o refuse_v any_o danger_n or_o difficulty_n yet_o neither_o he_o nor_o any_o of_o his_o fellow-sharer_n in_o his_o danger_n have_v receive_v the_o least_o portion_n of_o those_o land_n they_o have_v gain_v by_o their_o sword_n but_o that_o they_o be_v possess_v by_o other_o who_o have_v not_o the_o least_o title_n or_o merit_n to_o show_v for_o they_o and_o to_o such_o too_o who_o private_a attempt_n and_o sinister_a design_n better_o entitle_v they_o to_o a_o disgraceful_a punishment_n than_o to_o any_o public_a reward_n these_o particular_n he_o urge_v at_o large_a withal_o accuse_v the_o patritian_n of_o many_o design_n against_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o city_n which_o he_o do_v with_o such_o rhetoric_n and_o cunning_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v almost_o transport_v with_o the_o man._n yet_o still_o the_o patritian_n by_o their_o wonderful_a prudence_n and_o cautious_a management_n though_o with_o extreme_a hazard_n to_o themselves_o so_o far_o defeat_v
quintius_n who_o have_v both_o be_v consul_n before_o in_o this_o year_n the_o consul_n find_v the_o public_a business_n to_o increase_v censor_n to_o ease_v themselves_o procure_v two_o new_a magistrate_n to_o be_v create_v call_v censor_n so_o name_v because_o the_o business_n of_o the_o census_n which_o have_v be_v institute_v by_o servius_n tullius_n the_o six_o king_n of_o rome_n be_v one_o great_a part_n of_o their_o office_n these_o magistrate_n at_o first_o make_v no_o great_a appearance_n but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o become_v person_n of_o extraordinary_a dignity_n and_o power_n have_v all_o the_o ornament_n and_o ensign_n of_o consul_n except_o lictor_n at_o the_o beginning_n they_o be_v create_v for_o five_o year_n which_o space_n be_v call_v lustrum_fw-la as_o be_v former_o observe_v but_o soon_o after_o their_o time_n be_v shorten_v to_o a_o year_n and_o half_a but_o still_o they_o be_v choose_v but_o once_o in_o five_o year_n the_o census_n be_v no_o often_o perform_v their_o power_n be_v very_o large_a and_o their_o office_n very_o extensive_a for_o though_o at_o first_o they_o only_o perform_v the_o census_n make_v a_o estimate_n of_o man_n estate_n distribute_v they_o into_o their_o several_a class_n and_o century_n take_v the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n etc._n etc._n yet_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o become_v public_a inspector_n of_o man_n life_n and_o manner_n and_o be_v therefore_o frequent_o call_v magistri_fw-la morum_fw-la and_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o degrade_v senator_n upon_o misdemeanour_n to_o take_v away_o horse_n and_o ring_n from_o equites_fw-la or_o knight_n and_o to_o turn_v plebeians_z out_o of_o their_o tribe_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o low_a and_o many_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n the_o two_o first_o censor_n be_v papirius_n and_o sempronius_n both_o patritian_n and_o the_o two_o last_o year_n consul_n and_o these_o high_a officer_n be_v for_o nigh_o 100_o year_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o patritian_n and_o only_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o famous_a and_o have_v former_o be_v consul_n till_o the_o plebeian_n find_v the_o way_n to_o this_o as_o they_o do_v to_o all_o other_o office_n afterward_o the_o roman_a colony_n have_v their_o magistrate_n call_v sub-censor_n who_o give_v a_o account_n to_o these_o of_o the_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n and_o their_o wealth_n which_o be_v immediate_o register_v in_o the_o censor_n book_n the_o father_n be_v extreme_o satisfy_v that_o they_o have_v get_v these_o magistrate_n create_v out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n and_o the_o tribune_n esteem_v their_o power_n to_o be_v inconderable_a be_v willing_a enough_o to_o agree_v to_o it_o in_o this_o same_o year_n the_o ardean_n as_o be_v ally_n send_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o succour_n against_o the_o volsci_n who_o be_v call_v in_o by_o some_o dangerous_a faction_n among_o themselves_o and_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o great_a extremity_n the_o roman_n be_v ready_a to_o serve_v the_o person_n they_o have_v so_o late_o injure_v about_o their_o land_n and_o immediate_o geganius_n the_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o a_o considerable_a army_n against_o the_o volsci_n and_o he_o soon_o relieve_v the_o ardean_n and_o clear_v the_o country_n of_o the_o enemy_n this_o victory_n be_v very_o memorable_a and_o the_o consul_n have_v a_o noble_a triumph_n clulius_fw-la the_o volscian_a general_n be_v lead_v before_o the_o chariot_n ardea_n have_v now_o be_v so_o dispeople_v with_o the_o faction_n and_o the_o late_a war_n that_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o accept_v of_o a_o roman_a colony_n which_o the_o senate_n send_v soon_o after_o and_o to_o show_v a_o further_a piece_n of_o generosity_n restore_v all_o the_o land_n they_o have_v before_o adjudge_v to_o the_o public_a use_n though_o with_o the_o great_a complaint_n of_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o ii_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v still_o keep_v alive_a but_o for_o some_o time_n be_v of_o no_o dangerous_a consequence_n till_o three_o year_n after_o sp._n maelius_n a_o rich_a knight_n encourage_v upon_o these_o contention_n by_o his_o large_a bounty_n to_o the_o poor_a sort_n in_o time_n of_o a_o great_a famine_n begin_v to_o affect_v popularity_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o aspire_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n his_o design_n be_v soon_o guess_v at_o and_o he_o be_v accuse_v of_o this_o by_o minucius_n who_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o provision_n which_o thing_n in_o these_o unsettled_a time_n so_o startle_v the_o senate_n that_o by_o advice_n of_o quintius_n the_o consul_n they_o order_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v immediate_o create_v the_o tumult_n hourly_o increase_v quintius_n cincinnatus_n 314._o now_o 80_o year_n old_a be_v the_o person_n who_o choose_v servilius_n ahala_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o dictator_n present_o summon_v maelius_n to_o appear_v who_o be_v well_o back_v and_o support_v by_o the_o mob_n refuse_v to_o obey_v now_o break_v out_o into_o open_a rebellion_n whereupon_o ahala_n set_v upon_o he_o in_o the_o forum_n and_o kill_v he_o and_o be_v justify_v by_o quintius_n who_o command_v his_o good_n to_o be_v sell_v and_o his_o house_n to_o be_v demolish_v the_o tribune_n enrage_v at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o great_a friend_n maelius_n procure_v military_a tribune_n instead_o of_o consul_n to_o be_v create_v for_o the_o follow_a year_n now_o six_o year_n after_o their_o first_o institution_n hope_v that_o some_o plebeian_n may_v get_v into_o the_o number_n of_o six_o which_o may_v give_v they_o a_o opportunity_n of_o revenge_v his_o death_n but_o three_o only_o be_v create_v all_o patritian_n too_o and_o their_o expectation_n whole_o unanswered_a the_o follow_a year_n consul_n be_v create_v again_o and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n fidenae_n a_o roman_a colony_n revolt_v to_o tolumnius_n king_n of_o the_o veientes_n and_o to_o enhance_v their_o crime_n by_o his_o instigation_n they_o treacherous_o murder_v the_o ambassador_n send_v thither_o who_o die_v thus_o for_o the_o public_a the_o senate_n generous_o appoint_v statue_n to_o be_v erect_v in_o their_o honour_n this_o war_n in_o the_o beginning_n prove_v so_o dangerous_a and_o threaten_a to_o the_o roman_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o create_v a_o dictator_n to_o manage_v it_o 316._o mamercus_n aemilius_n be_v the_o person_n who_o make_v choice_n of_o quinctius_n ciâ—cinnatus_n a_o eminent_a youth_n of_o the_o city_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n aemilius_z the_o dictator_n obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o enemy_n in_o which_o battle_n cornelius_n cossus_n a_o tribune_n in_o the_o army_n slay_v king_n tâ—lumnius_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v obtain_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o opima_fw-la spolia_fw-la or_o royal_a spoil_n which_o be_v the_o only_a spoil_n of_o that_o nature_n since_o the_o reign_n of_o romulus_n these_o spoil_n be_v a_o great_a grace_n to_o aemilius_n triumph_n and_o a_o great_a honour_n to_o cossus_n they_o be_v with_o extraordinary_a pomp_n and_o ceremony_n consecrate_v to_o jupiter_n feretrius_n two_o year_n after_o this_o there_o happen_v a_o great_a plague_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o fidenates_n and_o veientes_n press_v so_o hard_o upon_o the_o roman_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o another_o dictator_n 318._o and_o servilius_n priscus_n be_v create_v who_o choose_v aebutius_n elva_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n servilius_z be_v so_o successful_a as_o not_o only_o to_o drive_v the_o enemy_n back_o but_o to_o take_v the_o town_n of_o fidenae_n which_o he_o do_v by_o a_o mine_n the_o take_n of_o fidenae_n be_v so_o disadvantageous_a to_o the_o enemy_n that_o the_o veientes_n send_v to_o all_o their_o neighbour_n about_o for_o succour_n threaten_v no_o less_o than_o entire_a destruction_n to_o rome_n these_o formidable_a preparation_n put_v the_o roman_n upon_o create_v another_o dictator_n a_o little_a above_o a_o year_n after_o the_o last_o 319._o which_o be_v aemilius_n who_o have_v be_v dictator_n three_o year_n before_o and_o he_o choose_v posthumius_fw-la tubertus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o roman_n find_v that_o the_o veientes_n can_v procure_v no_o aid_n so_o the_o dictator_n have_v little_a employment_n abroad_o but_o resolve_v to_o do_v something_o at_o home_n he_o cause_v the_o censorship_n to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v eight_o year_n after_o its_o first_o institution_n and_o then_o lay_v down_o his_o office_n the_o censor_n from_o this_o take_v a_o occasion_n to_o remove_v he_o out_o of_o his_o tribe_n which_o so_o enrage_v the_o people_n that_o the_o next_o time_n they_o procure_v military_a tribune_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o again_o after_o there_o have_v be_v consul_n four_o year_n and_o in_o this_o election_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a industry_n of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n they_o
can_v not_o get_v in_o one_o of_o the_o commons_o which_o be_v a_o great_a mortification_n to_o the_o multitude_n at_o two_o year_n end_n the_o senate_n take_v occasion_n from_o the_o war_n of_o the_o aequi_n and_o volsci_n to_o bring_v in_o consul_n again_o and_o partly_o for_o the_o enemy_n great_a preparation_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o violent_a humour_n of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n a_o dictator_n be_v likewise_o create_v though_o against_o the_o consul_n consent_n 322._o this_o be_v posthumius_fw-la tubero_n who_o have_v julius_n vopiscus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o have_v finish_v this_o war_n successful_o triumph_v and_o lay_v down_o his_o office_n for_o four_o year_n after_o this_o they_o have_v consul_n in_o which_o space_n little_o be_v act_v abroad_o or_o at_o home_n then_o the_o commons_o prevail_v to_o have_v military_a tribune_n again_o create_v 326._o which_o be_v now_o the_o five_o time_n and_o they_o have_v four_o in_o number_n but_o still_o they_o can_v not_o bring_v about_o their_o design_n in_o this_o year_n fidenae_n revolt_v again_o and_o join_v with_o the_o veientes_n whereupon_o three_o of_o the_o consular_a tribune_n be_v send_v against_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o four_o leave_v to_o govern_v the_o city_n when_o they_o proceed_v to_o a_o engagement_n one_o of_o the_o tribune_n cry_v charge_n another_o cry_a halt_n all_o three_o be_v of_o a_o several_a mind_n till_o there_o be_v such_o confusion_n that_o the_o roman_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o heel_n and_o flee_v which_o sufficient_o convince_v they_o of_o the_o folly_n of_o have_v several_a general_n in_o one_o army_n the_o city_n upon_o this_o be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o consternation_n that_o immediate_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v which_o be_v aemilius_n 327._o a_o three_o time_n who_o choose_v cossus_n who_o have_v obtain_v the_o last_o opima_fw-la spolia_fw-la for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n by_o the_o prudence_n and_o valour_n of_o these_o two_o the_o veientes_n be_v overthrow_v and_o fidenae_n once_o more_o take_v and_o plunder_v then_o aemilius_n return_v to_o rome_n in_o triumph_n lay_v down_o his_o office_n after_o he_o have_v hold_v it_o but_o 17_o day_n for_o two_o year_n after_o this_o military_a tribune_n continue_v at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o the_o senate_n take_v occasion_n from_o the_o war_n with_o the_o volsci_n and_o the_o absence_n of_o those_o magistrate_n to_o bring_v in_o consul_n again_o notwithstanding_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n oppose_v it_o as_o much_o as_o possible_a but_o sempronius_n one_o of_o the_o consul_n manage_v this_o war_n very_o careless_o the_o tribune_n from_o thence_o take_v advantage_n and_o military_a tribune_n be_v create_v again_o the_o next_o year_n this_o be_v for_o one_o year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o the_o senate_n procure_v consul_n to_o be_v make_v again_o and_o capitolinus_n one_o of_o they_o gain_v advantage_n enough_o over_o the_o aequi_n to_o procure_v he_o a_o ovation_n when_o this_o year_n be_v expire_v there_o happen_v so_o great_a a_o contention_n about_o two_o quaestor_n or_o treasurer_n who_o the_o commons_o will_v have_v create_v out_o of_o their_o body_n that_o the_o state_n fall_v into_o a_o interregnum_fw-la papirius_n be_v interrex_n for_o a_o composure_n procure_v military_a tribune_n to_o be_v again_o admit_v and_o four_o quaestor_n which_o be_v two_o more_o than_o former_o to_o be_v create_v either_o out_o of_o the_o patritian_n or_o plebeian_n 333._o as_o the_o people_n shall_v think_v most_o proper_a in_o their_o comitia_fw-la notwithstanding_o this_o though_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o strive_v for_o it_o not_o one_o of_o they_o can_v get_v to_o be_v either_o military_a tribune_n or_o so_o much_o as_o quaestor_n which_o much_o incense_v the_o people_n in_o the_o second_o year_n after_o this_o military_a tribune_n still_o continue_v the_o slave_n conspire_v to_o fire_n the_o city_n and_o seize_v on_o the_o capitol_n but_o the_o plot_n be_v timely_o find_v out_o and_o the_o discoverer_n great_o reward_v the_o follow_a year_n the_o aequi_n join_v with_o the_o people_n of_o lavicum_fw-la press_v hard_o upon_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o the_o consular_a tribune_n quarrel_v among_o themselves_o for_o the_o superiority_n they_o get_v great_a advantage_n 335._o insomuch_o that_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v which_o be_v servilius_n priscus_n a_o second_o time_n who_o choose_v his_o son_n axilla_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n servilius_z soon_o dispatch_v his_o business_n and_o lay_v down_o his_o office_n after_o he_o have_v keep_v it_o but_o eight_o day_n after_o this_o for_o four_o year_n successive_o be_v military_a tribune_n instead_o of_o consul_n till_o new_a contention_n arise_v between_o the_o patritian_n and_o plebeian_n though_o partly_o from_o old_a heartburning_n and_o especial_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o agrarian_a law_n the_o state_n fall_v again_o into_o a_o interregnum_fw-la fabius_n be_v interrex_n bring_v in_o consul_n again_o which_o government_n continue_v for_o five_o year_n long_o in_o which_o space_n of_o time_n not_o very_o much_o be_v transact_v either_o abroad_o or_o at_o home_n in_o the_o five_o year_n the_o commons_o be_v cross_v in_o their_o design_n of_o bring_v in_o military_a tribune_n bestir_v themselves_o so_o much_o as_o to_o procure_v three_o of_o the_o quaestor_n to_o be_v create_v out_o of_o their_o own_o rank_n who_o be_v the_o first_o plebeian_n quaestor_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o rome_n 344._o the_o aequi_n and_o the_o volsci_n strengthen_v by_o confederacy_n make_v great_a ravages_n in_o the_o roman_a dominion_n and_o the_o commons_o refuse_v to_o list_n themselves_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a custom_n procure_v military_a tribune_n again_o who_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n but_o with_o so_o little_a success_n 345._o that_o a_o dictator_n be_v think_v necessary_a to_o be_v create_v this_o be_v cornelius_n cossus_n former_o mention_v who_o appoint_v servilius_n ahala_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n overthrow_v they_o in_o one_o battle_n waste_v their_o country_n and_o then_o return_v two_o year_n after_o the_o patritian_n and_o plebeian_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n reconcile_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o great_a plunder_n of_o anxur_n or_o terracina_n take_v from_o the_o volsci_n but_o especial_o by_o a_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n for_o the_o public_a pay_n of_o the_o army_n with_o brass_n money_n before_o which_o time_n every_o soldier_n bear_v his_o own_o charge_n in_o the_o war_n as_o be_v hint_v former_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o pay_v of_o soldier_n in_o rome_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o 347th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n the_o take_n of_o anxur_n and_o some_o other_o place_n from_o the_o volsci_n in_o a_o short_a time_n bring_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n and_o now_o the_o roman_a dominion_n be_v considerable_o increase_v iii_o about_o the_o same_o time_n 347._o war_n be_v proclaim_v against_o the_o veientes_n with_o that_o resolution_n and_o carry_v on_o with_o that_o vigour_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o one_o of_o the_o two_o city_n must_v fall_v veii_n be_v a_o exceed_a large_a strong_a and_o wealthy_a city_n and_o have_v not_o only_o be_v a_o rival_n to_o rome_n for_o many_o year_n but_o have_v always_o be_v so_o perfidious_a that_o a_o full_a revenge_n be_v necessary_a the_o roman_n invest_v the_o city_n but_o it_o be_v seat_v upon_o a_o craggy_a rock_n they_o soon_o find_v it_o will_v cost_v they_o several_a year_n siege_n so_o that_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o carry_v it_o on_o both_o winter_n and_o summer_n the_o soldier_n lie_v under_o beast-skin_n at_o this_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o repine_v as_o a_o thing_n whole_o new_a and_o dangerous_a complain_v likewise_o of_o the_o payment_n of_o soldier_n as_o a_o innovation_n and_o a_o unjust_a artifice_n to_o ruin_v the_o commons_o and_o the_o next_o year_n they_o get_v the_o number_n of_o the_o military_a tribune_n to_o be_v increase_v from_o four_o to_o six_o 348._o as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o design_v but_o still_o can_v not_o procure_v one_o plebeian_n to_o be_v elect_v and_o this_o number_n continue_v always_o for_o the_o future_a new_a stir_v daily_o arise_v notwithstanding_o the_o great_a diversion_n by_o war_n sometime_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o little_a success_n against_o veii_n the_o tribune_n blame_v the_o commander_n and_o prohibit_v the_o tax_n which_o have_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o city_n ever_o since_o the_o soldier_n have_v receive_v pay_n about_o six_o year_n after_o they_o renew_v their_o ancient_n contest_v about_o the_o agrarian_a law_n and_o carry_v it_o on_o so_o far_o as_o to_o get_v it_o promulge_v among_o themselves_o though_o not_o in_o the_o senate_n and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n after_o much_o trouble_v and_o
horse_n camillus_n overthrow_v both_o aequi_n and_o etrurians_n and_o force_v the_o volsci_n to_o yield_v themselves_o after_o the_o war_n have_v continue_v for_o seventy_o year_n for_o all_o which_o he_o have_v a_o three_o triumph_n three_o year_n after_o this_o camillus_n be_v military_a tribune_n overcome_v they_o again_o together_o with_o the_o hernici_n and_o latin_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o till_o now_o have_v be_v faithful_a ever_o since_o the_o battle_n at_o the_o rhegillan_n lake_n above_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o and_o from_o the_o etrurians_n he_o recover_v two_o town_n 369._o which_o they_o have_v take_v from_o the_o ally_n of_o rome_n the_o year_n follow_v four_o tribe_n be_v add_v namely_o the_o stellatine_a the_o normentine_n the_o sabbatine_a and_o the_o arnian_a which_o now_o make_v the_o whole_a number_n twenty_o five_o about_o this_o time_n manlius_n who_o for_o his_o great_a service_n in_o save_v the_o capitol_n have_v now_o get_v the_o surname_n of_o capitolinus_n begin_v to_o grow_v very_o haughty_a and_o ambitious_a and_o by_o his_o ingratiate_a himself_o with_o the_o common_a sort_n his_o pay_v their_o debt_n and_o his_o rail_n at_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o sovereignty_n be_v his_o aim_n the_o number_n that_o he_o get_v over_o to_o his_o party_n together_o with_o the_o war_n renew_v with_o the_o volsci_n make_v the_o senate_n procure_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v create_v 369._o who_o be_v cornelius_n cossus_n who_o make_v choice_n of_o quintius_n capitolinus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n cossus_n soon_o overthrow_v the_o enemy_n and_o return_v home_o in_o triumph_n call_v manlius_n to_o a_o account_n and_o put_v he_o in_o prison_n but_o the_o multitude_n extreme_o afflict_v at_o this_o put_v on_o mourn_a garment_n and_o make_v such_o dangerous_a disturbance_n that_o after_o some_o time_n he_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o soon_o after_o cossus_n lay_v down_o his_o office_n but_o manlius_n still_o grow_v more_o insolent_a hold_v private_a cabal_n and_o fill_v the_o whole_a city_n with_o faction_n and_o sedition_n the_o senate_n remit_v his_o business_n to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o military_a tribune_n whereof_o camillus_n be_v one_o and_o a_o day_n be_v â—et_v he_o to_o answer_v for_o his_o life_n the_o place_n of_o his_o trial_n be_v right_a over-against_o the_o capitol_n where_o when_o he_o be_v accuse_v he_o often_o point_v to_o it_o and_o with_o weep_a eye_n and_o move_a voice_n let_v the_o people_n know_v what_o a_o noble_a piece_n of_o service_n he_o have_v do_v there_o this_o move_v the_o multitude_n to_o such_o pity_n and_o compassion_n that_o camillus_n cause_v the_o judge_n to_o remove_v he_o without_o the_o gate_n to_o the_o peteline_n grove_n where_o have_v no_o view_n of_o the_o capitol_n he_o be_v condemn_v to_o be_v throw_v down_o the_o tarpeian_a rock_n the_o place_n both_o of_o his_o high_a honour_n and_o great_a infamy_n ant_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o none_o of_o the_o manlii_n afterward_o shall_v be_v call_v marcus_n thus_o jealous_a be_v rome_n of_o her_o liberty_n that_o no_o desert_n can_v atone_v for_o presume_v to_o offer_v at_o that_o about_o three_o year_n after_o 372._o camillus_n be_v choose_v military_a tribune_n a_o six_o time_n though_o much_o against_o his_o consent_n and_o march_v against_o the_o volsci_n where_o lucius_n his_o colleague_n eager_a to_o engage_v the_o enemy_n when_o camillus_n judge_v it_o dangerous_a be_v permit_v to_o fight_v alone_o camillus_n be_v leave_v weak_a in_o his_o bed_n lucius_n be_v soon_o worsted_n and_o his_o army_n almost_o rout_v when_o camillus_n rouse_a himself_n be_v present_o help_v up_o on_o horseback_n where_o make_v his_o way_n through_o they_o that_o flee_v he_o drive_v furious_o to_o oppose_v the_o pursuer_n which_o boldness_n so_o encourage_v the_o soldier_n that_o they_o all_o rally_v again_o resolve_v never_o to_o forsake_v a_o general_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o action_n and_o so_o venerable_a for_o age_n by_o this_o the_o enemy_n be_v soon_o stop_v and_o the_o next_o day_n entire_o rout_v lose_v bag_n and_o baggage_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o men._n the_o year_n follow_v great_a stir_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o city_n about_o the_o creditor_n and_o debtor_n which_o give_v a_o opportunity_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o praeneste_n a_o town_n of_o latium_n with_o its_o dependent_n to_o make_v incursion_n and_o devastation_n to_o the_o wall_n of_o rome_n to_o the_o great_a danger_n and_o damage_n of_o the_o city_n this_o and_o the_o trouble_n at_o home_n cause_v the_o senate_n to_o create_v a_o dictator_n 373._o which_o be_v quinctius_n cincinnatus_n who_o appoint_v sempronius_n atratinus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o he_o be_v so_o successful_a against_o they_o that_o he_o overthrow_v they_o take_v the_o eight_o town_n that_o be_v their_o dependent_n by_o storm_n and_o praeneste_n itself_o by_o surrender_n then_o return_v in_o triumph_n with_o the_o statue_n of_o jupiter_n imperator_n which_o he_o put_v into_o the_o capitol_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o office_n after_o keep_v of_o it_o but_o twenty_o day_n two_o year_n after_o this_o 275._o a_o dangerous_a contest_v happen_v between_o the_o patritian_n and_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n occasion_v by_o fabius_n ambustus_n a_o tribune_n who_o have_v marry_v one_o daughter_n to_o a_o patrician_n and_o the_o other_o to_o a_o plebeian_n the_o latter_a be_v very_o much_o concern_v at_o her_o husband_n want_n of_o equal_a honour_n fabius_n tell_v she_o that_o he_o will_v so_o manage_v affair_n that_o her_o house_n shall_v short_o be_v of_o the_o same_o dignity_n as_o her_o sister_n from_o that_o time_n therefore_o he_o consult_v with_o licinius_n stolo_n her_o husband_n and_o l._n sestius_n about_o prefer_v a_o law_n for_o make_v one_o consul_n out_o of_o the_o commons_o these_o two_o be_v make_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n labour_v so_o violent_o about_o this_o law_n and_o the_o contest_v be_v carry_v with_o such_o wonderful_a heat_n and_o animosity_n on_o both_o side_n that_o from_o the_o year_n 〈◊〉_d to_o â—82_n which_o be_v five_o year_n no_o supreme_a magistrate_n be_v choose_v at_o all_o nor_o any_o other_o but_o tribune_n and_o aedile_n who_o keep_v their_o place_n all_o that_o time_n and_o in_o all_o this_o unhappy_a space_n there_o be_v little_o better_a than_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n in_o rome_n till_o the_o year_n 282_o they_o procure_v military_a tribune_n to_o be_v choose_v but_o still_o the_o contest_v be_v keep_v up_o on_o both_o side_n 284._o when_o two_o year_n after_o camillus_n be_v make_v dictator_n a_o four_o time_n but_o much_o against_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n he_o choose_v aemilius_n mamercinus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o with_o much_o difficulty_n bring_v both_o party_n to_o a_o better_a and_o more_o moderate_a temper_n but_o find_v the_o multitude_n so_o very_o stubborn_a and_o resolute_a in_o their_o design_n withal_o threaten_v to_o fine_a he_o if_o he_o comply_v not_o he_o soon_o lay_v down_o his_o office_n upon_o this_o another_o dictator_n be_v immediate_o create_v which_o be_v one_o manlius_n capitolinus_n who_o choose_v licinius_n stolo_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 285._o and_o he_o be_v the_o first_o plebeian_n that_o ever_o obtain_v this_o honour_n stolo_n who_o have_v be_v the_o great_a occasion_n of_o these_o disturbance_n now_o take_v a_o occasion_n to_o prefer_v a_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v possess_v above_o 500_o acre_n of_o land_n which_o be_v very_o disadvantageous_a to_o the_o patritian_n and_o more_o to_o himself_o for_o soon_o after_o he_o be_v find_v to_o have_v above_o that_o proportion_n and_o so_o be_v punish_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o own_o constitution_n iii_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o violent_a contention_n about_o the_o consulship_n news_n be_v bring_v to_o rome_n that_o many_o thousand_o of_o the_o gaul_n be_v march_v from_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n towards_o rome_n this_o put_v the_o city_n into_o a_o great_a fright_v and_o all_o begin_v to_o lay_v aside_o their_o private_a difference_n and_o to_o think_v of_o nothing_o but_o of_o the_o common_a safety_n for_o they_o have_v fear_v the_o gaul_n so_o much_o that_o a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o priest_n shall_v be_v excuse_v from_o all_o war_n unless_o in_o a_o invasion_n from_o the_o gaul_n 387._o all_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o make_v camillus_n dictator_n a_o five_o time_n now_o near_o 80_o year_n old_a who_o refuse_v not_o the_o employment_n in_o this_o dangerous_a juncture_n but_o present_o choose_v quinctius_n cincinnatus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n camillus_n consider_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o gaul_n lay_v chief_o in_o their_o sword_n with_o which_o they_o lay_v about_o they_o in_o a_o rude_a and_o unskilful_a manner_n therefore_o he_o furnish_v his_o
young_a man_n who_o jeer_v one_o another_o at_o first_o begin_v with_o rude_a and_o artless_a verse_n call_v versus_fw-la fescennini_n from_o fescâ—nninum_fw-la a_o city_n of_o hetruria_n this_o be_v about_o 40_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o sophocles_n and_o euripides_n in_o greece_n still_o the_o plague_n continue_v which_o with_o the_o overflow_n of_o tiber_n make_v the_o roman_n consider_v of_o some_o other_o way_n and_o some_o of_o the_o elder_a people_n report_v that_o a_o pestilence_n be_v former_o assuage_v by_o the_o dictator_n drive_v of_o a_o nail_n the_o senate_n immediate_o create_v a_o dictator_n which_o be_v manlius_n capitolinus_n 391._o who_o appoint_v pinarius_n natta_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n this_o nail_n with_o great_a ceremony_n and_o superstition_n be_v drive_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o jupiter_n temple_n in_o the_o capitol_n just_a by_o that_o of_o minerva_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o dictator_n create_v upon_o this_o account_n the_o year_n follow_v the_o ground_n cleave_v asunder_o in_o the_o forum_n to_o a_o vast_a depth_n m._n curtius_n a_o brave_a young_a soldier_n be_v say_v to_o have_v ride_v into_o this_o gulf_n arm_v and_o with_o great_a solemnity_n and_o so_o be_v swallow_v up_o purchase_v the_o deliverance_n of_o his_o country_n according_a to_o the_o declaration_n of_o their_o go_n the_o same_o year_n the_o hernici_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o rome_n genucius_n the_o plebeian_n consul_n march_v against_o they_o be_v slay_v and_o his_o army_n rout_v which_o threaten_v danger_n cause_v the_o senate_n to_o create_v a_o dictator_n 392._o which_o be_v claudius_n crassinus_n who_o make_v cornelius_n scipio_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o gain_v so_o much_o advantage_n over_o the_o enemy_n as_o to_o obtain_v a_o ovation_n within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o gaul_n be_v gather_v together_o in_o great_a number_n and_o have_v march_v within_o three_o mile_n of_o rome_n which_o put_v the_o city_n into_o such_o a_o consternation_n that_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a way_n in_o such_o case_n they_o create_v a_o dictator_n 393._o and_o this_o be_v quintius_n pennus_n who_o have_v cornelius_n maluginensis_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o both_o side_n a_o gaul_n of_o vast_a bulk_n and_o stature_n challenge_v any_o of_o the_o roman_n to_o meet_v he_o in_o a_o single_a combat_n which_o challenge_n be_v accept_v of_o by_o t._n manlius_n a_o courageous_a young_a man_n who_o with_o great_a bravery_n and_o agility_n overthrow_v his_o mighty_a foe_n and_o slay_v he_o then_o take_v a_o torques_fw-la or_o golden_a chain_n from_o his_o neck_n return_v and_o be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o the_o dictator_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n have_v the_o surname_n of_o torquatus_n the_o gaul_n be_v so_o discourage_v at_o this_o action_n that_o they_o flee_v by_o night_n and_o retire_v into_o the_o tiburtine_n country_n a_o people_n of_o latium_n and_o the_o dictator_n return_v in_o triumph_n the_o war_n with_o the_o tiburtine_n and_o hernici_n give_v the_o gaul_n opportunity_n to_o do_v much_o injury_n to_o the_o roman_a territory_n which_o occasion_v the_o creation_n of_o another_o dictator_n which_o be_v servilius_n ahala_n 394._o who_o choose_v quintius_n capitolinus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o soon_o quell_v the_o gaul_n but_o paetileus_fw-la the_o consul_n who_o have_v be_v employ_v against_o the_o hernici_n happen_v to_o come_v off_o with_o the_o great_a honour_n in_o a_o year_n after_o peace_n be_v make_v with_o the_o latin_n which_o be_v advantageous_a enough_o to_o the_o roman_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o frequent_a auxiliary_n from_o they_o but_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o great_a preparation_n of_o the_o gaul_n cause_v the_o senate_n to_o create_v another_o dictator_n which_o be_v sulpitius_n peticus_n who_o appoint_v valerius_n poplicola_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n time_n and_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n obtain_v a_o signal_n victory_n over_o '_o they_o in_o this_o year_n be_v two_o new_a tribe_n add_v to_o the_o former_a five_o and_o twenty_o namely_o the_o pomptine_n and_o the_o publican_n about_o two_o year_n after_o this_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o etrurians_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o rome_n lead_v on_o by_o the_o tarquinii_n and_o falisci_n in_o which_o great_a time_n of_o danger_n marcius_n rutilus_n a_o plebeian_n be_v make_v dictator_n 398._o which_o be_v the_o first_o commoner_n that_o ever_o obtain_v this_o honour_n it_o be_v now_o 143_o year_n since_o their_o first_o creation_n he_o appoint_v plantius_n proculus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n a_o plebeian_n likewise_o and_o though_o he_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o patritian_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v yet_o he_o do_v great_a service_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o triumph_v but_o still_o against_o the_o senate_n consent_n the_o patritian_n be_v so_o enrage_v at_o this_o that_o at_o the_o next_o election_n they_o take_v away_o the_o consulship_n from_o the_o commons_o after_o they_o have_v enjoy_v it_o ten_o year_n and_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o 399th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n this_o occasion_v many_o violent_a heat_n and_o vast_a disturbance_n between_o both_o party_n for_o three_o year_n successive_o when_o some_o of_o the_o etrurians_n press_v so_o hard_o upon_o the_o roman_a territory_n that_o another_o dictator_n be_v create_v namely_o 401._o manlius_n torquatus_n who_o make_v cornelius_n cossus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n but_o the_o enemy_n out_o of_o fear_n be_v soon_o bring_v to_o a_o peace_n and_o so_o little_o be_v perform_v by_o he_o now_o the_o contest_v and_o quarrel_n at_o home_n be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o the_o senate_n be_v force_v to_o give_v the_o commons_o once_o more_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o consulship_n four_o year_n after_o they_o have_v take_v it_o from_o they_o and_o because_o usury_n again_o be_v grow_v exceed_v burdensome_a to_o the_o poor_a sort_n they_o appoint_v five_o man_n to_o order_v the_o payment_n of_o debt_n out_o of_o the_o treasury_n so_o now_o all_o difference_n be_v again_o reconcile_v soon_o after_o this_o a_o groundless_a apprehension_n of_o the_o etrurians_n who_o be_v report_v to_o be_v all_o unite_a against_o rome_n occasion_v the_o creation_n of_o another_o dictator_n which_o be_v c._n â—fulius_fw-la who_o make_v l._n aemilius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 402._o but_o he_o have_v so_o little_a employment_n that_o he_o leave_v all_o to_o the_o next_o consul_n who_o be_v both_o patritian_n and_o they_o go_v against_o the_o tarquinii_n and_o falisci_n who_o be_v not_o yet_o quiet_v and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n for_o the_o term_n of_o 40_o year_n v._o now_o rome_n be_v for_o a_o while_n at_o peace_n abroad_o and_o may_v have_v be_v long_o so_o at_o home_n have_v not_o marcius_n rutilus_n the_o plebeian_n dictator_n stand_v for_o the_o office_n of_o censor_n and_o raise_v new_a disturbance_n the_o plebeian_n urge_v it_o hot_o but_o the_o patritian_n the_o better_a to_o oppose_v they_o procure_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v create_v which_o be_v m._n fabius_n q._n servilius_n be_v his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 403._o but_o still_o without_o success_n for_o after_o many_o contest_v the_o plebeian_n faction_n prevail_v and_o marciâ—s_n be_v make_v one_o of_o the_o censor_n which_o be_v the_o first_o plebeian_n censor_n in_o this_o city_n pleb_n it_o be_v 92_o year_n after_o their_o first_o creation_n the_o next_o year_n a_o considerable_a victory_n be_v obtain_v over_o the_o gaul_n who_o now_o grow_v troublesome_a again_o and_o one_o of_o the_o consul_n be_v wound_v and_o the_o other_o sick_a the_o senate_n be_v force_v to_o create_v a_o dictator_n for_o assemble_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n of_o consul_n which_o be_v furius_n camillus_n 404._o who_o make_v cornelius_n scipio_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o this_o be_v the_o dictator_n create_v upon_o this_o account_n camillus_n himself_o be_v choose_v for_o one_o consul_n and_o the_o death_n of_o his_o colleague_n soon_o after_o and_o the_o press_a war_n with_o the_o gaul_n cause_v the_o senate_n to_o give_v he_o the_o sole_a authority_n so_o that_o he_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o a_o dictator_n camillus_n lead_v a_o noble_a army_n against_o the_o gaul_n and_o when_o they_o be_v in_o sight_n of_o each_o other_o a_o gaul_n remarkable_a both_o for_o his_o stature_n and_o the_o richness_n of_o his_o arm_n challenge_v any_o of_o the_o roman_n to_o a_o single_a combat_n m._n valerius_n a_o brave_a young_a colonel_n of_o the_o foot_n meet_v he_o and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n slay_v he_o but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o combat_n a_o crow_n come_v and_o sit_v upon_o valerius_n head_n with_o beak_n and_o wing_n assist_v he_o in_o his_o fight_n
whence_o he_o have_v the_o surname_n of_o corvus_n and_o his_o posterity_n all_o call_v corvini_n this_o combat_n bring_v both_o army_n to_o a_o battle_n and_o the_o gaul_n be_v entire_o rout_v 405._o camillus_n return_v home_o procure_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v create_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n of_o consul_n this_o be_v manlius_n torquatus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v cornelius_n cossus_n and_o in_o this_o comitia_fw-la valerius_n corvus_n for_o his_o great_a desert_n be_v make_v consul_n at_o 23_o year_n age_n a_o thing_n indeed_o very_o extraordinary_a now_o the_o army_n be_v disband_v and_o for_o a_o short_a space_n there_o be_v both_o peace_n abroad_o and_o concord_n at_o home_n this_o year_n a_o colony_n be_v draw_v out_o from_o the_o city_n antia_n to_o people_n satricum_n which_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o latin_n and_o also_o at_o rome_n a_o league_n be_v conclude_v with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o carthage_n who_o come_v on_o purpose_n to_o desire_v amity_n between_o both_o nation_n as_o livy_n relate_v it_o above_o three_o year_n after_o the_o arunci_n a_o people_n beyond_o the_o volsci_n and_o one_o of_o the_o six_o nation_n of_o latium_n in_o the_o large_a extent_n make_v a_o sudden_a invasion_n upon_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o upon_o suspicion_n that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o whole_a latin_a nation_n 408._o furius_n camillus_n be_v create_v dictator_n as_o if_o all_o latium_n have_v be_v up_o in_o arms._n he_o choose_v manlius_n capitelinus_fw-la for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n who_o he_o find_v more_o like_a robber_n than_o soldier_n so_o that_o in_o the_o very_a first_o battle_n they_o be_v disperse_v and_o that_o war_n dispatch_v a_o year_n after_o a_o temple_n be_v dedicate_v to_o juno_n moneta_n on_o the_o capitol_n hill_n as_o the_o last_o dictator_n have_v vow_v and_o soon_o after_o some_o prodigy_n be_v observe_v of_o which_o the_o roman_n be_v so_o superstitious_o fearful_a that_o they_o create_v a_o dictator_n to_o constitute_v certain_a feast_n and_o holiday_n for_o the_o appease_n of_o the_o god_n and_o divert_v the_o judgement_n threaten_v valâ—rius_n poplicola_n be_v the_o person_n and_o fabius_n ambustus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 409._o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o create_v upon_o this_o account_n order_n be_v give_v that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o tribe_n shall_v go_v in_o procession_n with_o their_o solemn_a prayer_n but_o also_o the_o border_a nation_n with_o precise_a direction_n upon_o what_o day_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v make_v their_o supplication_n this_o year_n likewise_o the_o usurer_n be_v prosecute_v by_o the_o aedile_n and_o severe_a sentence_n give_v against_o they_o by_o the_o people_n these_o be_v the_o principal_a war_n and_o action_n of_o the_o roman_n with_o their_o near_a neighbour_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o their_o own_o historian_n to_o have_v be_v all_o defensive_a or_o at_o least_o not_o begin_v without_o just_a ground_n and_o provocation_n yet_o these_o which_o may_v well_o enough_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o defensive_a war_n still_o increase_v the_o roman_a dominion_n which_o now_o contain_v in_o effect_n all_o old_a latium_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o other_o five_o nation_n afterward_o comprehend_v under_o that_o name_n viz._n the_o volsci_n aequi_n rutili_fw-la hernici_n and_o arunci_n together_o with_o most_o of_o sabina_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o hetruria_n so_o that_o now_o their_o dominion_n contain_v more_o than_o double_a the_o extent_n of_o what_o they_o be_v at_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n the_o last_o dictator_n beforemention_v be_v create_v a_o year_n before_o the_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n which_o war_n begin_v a._n m._n 3661._o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o 109th_o olympiad_n 410_o year_n after_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n 165_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 46_o since_o the_o restoration_n of_o the_o city_n 14_o before_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o persian_a and_o the_o set_n up_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o 342_o before_o our_o saviour_n christ_n nativity_n chap._n vii_o from_o the_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n to_o the_o war_n with_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n the_o first_o foreigner_n they_o have_v to_o deal_v with_o wherein_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o learn_v the_o art_n of_o war._n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 63_o year_n i._o hitherto_o the_o roman_n have_v all_o their_o war_n nigh_o home_o 410._o and_o as_o it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o gate_n but_o now_o daily_o gather_v strength_n and_o increase_n in_o power_n they_o venture_v against_o the_o warlike_a samnite_n a_o people_n above_o 100_o miles_n east_n of_o rome_n these_o samnite_n be_v a_o hardy_a nation_n descend_v from_o the_o sabine_n from_o who_o they_o probable_o have_v their_o name_n and_o inhabit_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o that_o side_n of_o italy_n which_o now_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n have_v likewise_o seven_o other_o people_n as_o dependent_n namely_o the_o picentes_n vestini_n marrucini_n frentini_fw-la peligni_n marsi_n and_o hirpini_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o war_n be_v the_o samnite_n contest_v with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o sidicini_n who_o immediate_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o campanian_o for_o succour_n these_o campanian_o be_v a_o luxurious_a and_o effeminate_a people_n inhabit_v a_o delicious_a country_n border_v on_o samnium_n and_o be_v so_o weaken_v that_o they_o send_v to_o rome_n for_o aid_n their_o ambassador_n implore_v it_o with_o tear_n and_o give_v up_o both_o themselves_o and_o country_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o senate_n at_o first_o be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o begin_v a_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n as_o be_v their_o friend_n and_o ally_n but_o the_o importunate_a cry_n and_o prayer_n of_o the_o ambassador_n and_o more_o especial_o the_o scornful_a refusal_n of_o the_o samnite_n to_o desist_v from_o ravage_v the_o territory_n of_o capua_n and_o campania_n so_o far_o prevail_v as_o at_o last_o to_o make_v they_o undertake_v the_o war._n the_o consul_n valerius_n and_o cornelius_n begin_v their_o march_n with_o two_o distinct_a army_n one_o to_o capua_n and_o the_o other_o into_o samnium_n valerius_n after_o a_o most_o bloody_a and_o obstinate_a fight_n overthrow_v the_o enemy_n in_o campania_n and_o become_v master_n of_o their_o camp_n the_o roman_n confess_v they_o never_o meet_v with_o more_o resolute_a enemy_n and_o demand_v of_o they_o what_o make_v they_o fly_v after_o so_o brave_a a_o resistance_n they_o answer_v that_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o roman_n appear_v to_o they_o like_o flame_n of_o fire_n and_o their_o look_n so_o fierce_a and_o dreadful_a as_o not_o to_o be_v bear_v with_o in_o samnium_n cornelius_n the_o other_o consul_n have_v unwary_o lead_v his_o army_n too_o forward_o into_o a_o dangerous_a place_n p._n decius_n a_o tribune_n in_o the_o army_n bold_o possess_v himself_o of_o a_o hill_n above_o the_o enemy_n who_o much_o surprise_v at_o the_o attempt_n turn_v their_o principal_a force_n thither_o which_o give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o consul_n to_o draw_v off_o his_o man_n to_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n whereupon_o decius_n with_o a_o undaunted_a bravery_n though_o surround_v break_v through_o the_o enemy_n which_o more_o amaze_v they_o than_o ever_o and_o the_o consul_n at_o the_o same_o time_n charge_v with_o great_a resolution_n so_o great_a a_o victory_n be_v obtain_v that_o 30000_o of_o the_o samnite_n be_v slay_v both_o the_o consul_n triumph_v over_o the_o samnite_n and_o decius_n be_v high_o honour_v by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n for_o his_o great_a service_n soon_o after_o this_o ambassadors_z from_o campania_n request_v to_o have_v garrison_n from_o the_o roman_n that_o winter_n in_o capua_n and_o other_o place_n to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o samnite_n which_o be_v according_o send_v but_o many_o of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n be_v of_o corrupt_a with_o the_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n of_o capua_n that_o they_o begin_v to_o form_v a_o design_n of_o destroy_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o take_v the_o town_n to_o themselves_o this_o design_n be_v communicate_v to_o many_o of_o their_o companion_n in_o other_o place_n and_o well_o approve_v of_o but_o it_o be_v soon_o discover_v to_o some_o of_o their_o officer_n who_o make_v several_a removeal_v to_o disperse_v '_o they_o but_o the_o soldier_n find_v themselves_o liable_a to_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n and_o perhaps_o severe_o punish_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v opportunity_n gather_v themselves_o together_o and_o daily_o increase_v their_o number_n march_v direct_o for_o rome_n in_o a_o rebellious_a and_o hostile_a manner_n this_o piece_n of_o boldness_n so_o surprise_v the_o senate_n
that_o they_o present_o create_v a_o dictator_n 411._o which_o be_v valerius_n corvus_n one_o of_o the_o last_o year_n consul_n who_o appoint_v aemilius_n mamercinus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o march_v against_o the_o rebel_n who_o have_v now_o force_v t._n quintius_n a_o eminent_a soldier_n to_o be_v their_o general_n upon_o the_o approach_n of_o both_o army_n the_o rebel_n out_o of_o fear_n yield_v themselves_o and_o be_v receive_v into_o favour_n the_o dictator_n have_v no_o more_o employment_n abroad_o in_o the_o same_o year_n the_o frequent_a inroad_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n into_o the_o samnite_n country_n draw_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n the_o sidicini_n be_v leave_v to_o their_o mercy_n ii_o soon_o after_o this_o peace_n the_o samnite_n desire_v of_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o latin_n and_o campanian_o may_v be_v command_v not_o to_o assist_v the_o sidicini_n but_o because_o the_o senate_n will_v not_o deny_v that_o these_o nation_n be_v under_o their_o command_n and_o be_v likewise_o unwilling_a to_o provoke_v they_o such_o a_o ambiguous_a answer_n be_v return_v that_o the_o latin_n and_o campanian_o think_v themselves_o so_o far_o disoblige_v as_o to_o revolt_v manlius_n torquatus_n now_o consul_n the_o three_o time_n and_o his_o colleague_n decius_n must_n be_v send_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o chastise_v the_o latin_n who_o now_o will_v be_v satisfy_v with_o no_o less_o than_o have_v one_o of_o the_o consul_n and_o half_o the_o senator_n choose_v out_o of_o their_o nation_n upon_o certain_a dream_n and_o prognostication_n that_o the_o general_n on_o one_o side_n and_o the_o army_n on_o the_o other_o be_v certain_o to_o be_v destroy_v the_o consul_n solemn_o agree_v that_o in_o what_o part_n the_o roman_a army_n shall_v be_v distress_a the_o commander_n of_o that_o part_n shall_v devote_v himself_o to_o the_o god_n and_o die_v for_o his_o country_n which_o generous_a resolution_n be_v confirm_v by_o oath_n and_o because_o they_o be_v all_o acquaint_v with_o each_o other_o discipline_n and_o way_n of_o fight_v strict_a command_n be_v give_v that_o no_o man_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v fight_v without_o order_n both_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n and_o a_o bloody_a and_o obstinate_a engagement_n immediate_o follow_v the_o latin_n press_v very_o hard_o upon_o decius_n part_n he_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n devote_v himself_o to_o the_o god_n and_o rush_v violent_o into_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o enemy_n after_o a_o great_a slaughter_n lose_v his_o life_n the_o latin_n be_v soon_o after_o entire_o defeat_v nor_o be_v the_o discipline_n of_o manlius_n less_o remarkable_a than_o the_o courage_n of_o decius_n in_o relation_n to_o his_o own_o son_n for_o he_o pass_v with_o his_o troop_n before_o the_o battle_n nigh_o the_o enemy_n be_v challenge_v by_o metius_n captain_n of_o the_o tusculan_n who_o when_o he_o have_v slay_v and_o strip_v his_o father_n with_o tear_n commend_v he_o for_o his_o valour_n but_o condemn_v he_o for_o his_o disobedience_n which_o though_o a_o sad_a be_v a_o profitable_a example_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o man_n and_o after_o that_o cruel_a command_n be_v usual_o call_v manliana_n dicta_fw-la the_o latin_n now_o defeat_v beg_v peace_n which_o be_v give_v they_o though_o not_o with_o the_o same_o condition_n to_o all_o manlius_n return_v in_o triumph_n but_o be_v meet_v only_o by_o the_o old_a man_n the_o young_a one_o refuse_v to_o do_v he_o that_o honour_n and_o ever_o after_o hate_v he_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o son_n soon_o after_o the_o people_n of_o antium_n and_o ardea_n make_v incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n 413._o but_o manlius_n be_v sick_a he_o name_v papyrius_n crassus_n for_o dictator_n who_o appoint_v papyrius_n cursor_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o keep_v the_o field_n some_o month_n in_o the_o antiate_n country_n but_o no_o remarkable_a action_n happen_v the_o consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n aemilius_n and_o publius_n overthrow_v the_o latin_n who_o have_v again_o revolt_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o some_o land_n take_v from_o '_o they_o publius_n by_o who_o conduct_n the_o victory_n be_v obtain_v receive_v into_o alliance_n such_o city_n as_o have_v be_v worsted_n and_o aemilius_n march_v his_o army_n and_o sit_v down_o before_o pedum_n which_o receive_v supply_n from_o several_a place_n though_o he_o have_v the_o advantage_n in_o all_o skirmish_n yet_o still_o the_o town_n hold_v out_o and_o he_o understanding_n that_o his_o colleague_n be_v return_v to_o his_o triumph_n he_o immediate_o leave_v the_o siege_n and_o go_v for_o rome_n to_o demand_v that_o honour_n likewise_o the_o senate_n be_v much_o offend_v at_o this_o presumption_n deny_v he_o that_o honour_n except_o pedum_n be_v either_o take_v or_o surrender_v which_o cause_v he_o out_o of_o revenge_n to_o join_v with_o the_o tribune_n against_o the_o patritian_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o time_n his_o colleague_n not_o oppose_v it_o be_v himself_o a_o plebeian_n the_o senate_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o get_v free_a of_o they_o both_o order_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v create_v who_o it_o fall_v to_o aemilius_n share_n to_o nominate_v as_o have_v the_o fasces_fw-la that_o month._n aemilius_n name_v his_o colleague_n publius_n philo_n 414._o who_o appoint_v junius_n brutus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o be_v the_o second_o plebeian_n dictator_n in_o rome_n publius_n be_v a_o great_a vexation_n to_o the_o nobility_n and_o be_v full_a of_o invective_n against_o they_o procure_v three_o remarkable_a law_n whereof_o the_o first_o alter_v the_o very_a constitution_n of_o the_o state_n which_o be_v that_o the_o plebiscita_fw-la shall_v bind_v the_o quirite_n or_o citizen_n of_o rome_n of_o all_o rank_n and_o degree_n whatsoever_o the_o second_o be_v that_o such_o law_n as_o be_v enact_v in_o the_o centuriate_a comitia_fw-la shall_v be_v propose_v or_o pass_v by_o the_o senate_n before_o they_o be_v vote_v by_o the_o people_n the_o three_o that_o whereas_o they_o have_v obtain_v before_o that_o both_o the_o censor_n may_v be_v plebeian_n now_o one_o at_o least_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v so_o so_o now_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v more_o impair_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o these_o two_o at_o home_n than_o it_o be_v augment_v by_o their_o valour_n abroad_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n wherein_o furius_n camillus_n and_o c._n maenius_n be_v consul_n pedum_n be_v take_v by_o storm_n and_o the_o consul_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o victory_n conquer_a all_o latium_n bring_v it_o and_o some_o neighbour_a part_n to_o a_o entire_a submission_n for_o which_o they_o triumph_v and_o have_v statue_n on_o horseback_n erect_v for_o they_o in_o the_o forum_n a_o honour_n very_o rare_a in_o those_o day_n the_o several_a people_n of_o latium_n have_v several_a condition_n of_o peace_n appoint_v they_o some_o be_v reward_v and_o honour_v other_o punish_v and_o disgrace_v according_a as_o their_o former_a behaviour_n have_v be_v to_o antium_n be_v send_v a_o new_a colony_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n be_v forbid_v the_o sea_n and_o have_v all_o their_o long_a ship_n take_v from_o they_o but_o have_v leave_v to_o enter_v themselves_o in_o the_o colony_n and_o be_v make_v free_a of_o that_o city_n the_o ship_n be_v some_o of_o they_o bring_v into_o the_o roman_a arsenal_n other_o burn_v and_o with_o their_o rostra_fw-la or_o beak_n be_v the_o gallery_n or_o pulpit_n for_o oration_n in_o the_o forum_n adorn_v whence_o that_o have_v afterward_o the_o name_n of_o rostra_fw-la rostra_fw-la the_o year_n follow_v minutia_n a_o vestal_a virgin_n be_v bury_v alive_a in_o the_o campus_n sceleratus_fw-la which_o as_o livy_n believe_v have_v its_o name_n from_o incest_n for_o so_o incontinency_n in_o those_o woman_n be_v call_v and_o in_o this_o same_o year_n publius_n philo_n be_v make_v praetor_n who_o be_v the_o first_o plebeian_n that_o obtain_v this_o honour_n 416._o the_o senate_n little_o regard_v it_o have_v be_v so_o often_o overpower_v in_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n and_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o 416th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n and_o 28_o year_n after_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o this_o office_n iii_o not_o long_o after_o the_o agreement_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o latin_n a_o war_n break_v out_o between_o the_o arunci_n and_o the_o sidicini_n in_o campania_n in_o which_o the_o latter_a constrain_v the_o former_a to_o abandon_v their_o ancient_a seat_n and_o settle_v in_o suessa_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v arunca_n the_o arunci_n have_v give_v up_o themselves_o to_o the_o roman_n who_o thereupon_o order_v they_o relief_n but_o the_o consul_n defer_v it_o lose_v the_o opportunity_n of_o assist_v '_o they_o but_o in_o the_o next_o year_n the_o sidicini_n with_o their_o confederate_n and_o neighbour_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o cales_n be_v overthrow_v
and_o valerius_n corvus_n now_o the_o four_o time_n consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n and_o one_o of_o the_o great_a roman_a commander_n of_o his_o time_n take_v cales_n also_o in_o which_o he_o place_v a_o colony_n of_o 2500_o person_n corvus_n return_v in_o triumph_n but_o he_o and_o his_o colleague_n be_v employ_v in_o some_o small_a action_n abroad_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o the_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o new_a consul_n which_o be_v aemilius_n mamercinus_n who_o appoint_v publius_n philo_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 418._o two_o year_n before_o this_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v and_o another_o a_o year_n after_o this_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o undue_a election_n and_o their_o not_o act_v i_o shall_v not_o reckon_v they_o among_o the_o number_n of_o dictator_n affair_n abroad_o be_v in_o a_o peaceable_a posture_n for_o some_o time_n but_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n the_o mere_a rumour_n of_o a_o invasion_n by_o the_o gaul_n occasion_v the_o creation_n of_o a_o dictator_n which_o be_v papirius_n crassus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v v._o poplicola_n 421._o but_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o extraordinary_a employment_n in_o this_o same_o year_n two_o new_a tribe_n be_v add_v namely_o the_o metian_a and_o the_o scaptian_n for_o the_o late_o admit_v citizen_n which_o now_o make_v the_o number_n twenty_o nine_o the_o arunci_n be_v also_o make_v free_a of_o the_o city_n time_n but_o without_o the_o privilege_n of_o vote_v by_o a_o law_n prefer_v by_o papirius_n the_o praetor_n about_o a_o year_n after_o the_o settlement_n of_o these_o matter_n above_o 170_o woman_n be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o the_o art_n of_o poison_v be_v discover_v by_o a_o she-slave_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o such_o a_o prodigy_n by_o the_o superstitious_a people_n that_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v to_o drive_v a_o nail_n into_o jupiter_n temple_n 422._o as_o the_o best_a remedy_n for_o the_o distemper_n of_o the_o state_n quintius_n varus_n be_v the_o man_n and_o valerius_n potius_fw-la his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o this_o be_v the_o second_o dictator_n create_v upon_o that_o account_n for_o the_o two_o succeed_a year_n a_o war_n be_v carry_v on_o against_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o privernum_n in_o the_o volscian_a state_n who_o be_v draw_v into_o it_o by_o vitrurius_n vaccus_n a_o man_n of_o principal_a note_n among_o the_o arunci_n the_o first_o year_n they_o be_v overthrow_v the_o next_o vitrurius_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o privernum_n surrender_v the_o principal_a actor_n with_o vitrurius_n be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v free_a of_o the_o city_n 424._o this_o happen_v in_o the_o same_o year_n with_o alexander_n destroy_v the_o persian_a empire_n and_o his_o set_n up_o the_o macedonian_a and_o 60_o after_o the_o burn_a of_o rome_n by_o the_o gaul_n in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o palaepolis_n in_o campania_n trust_v to_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o samnite_n and_o take_v advantage_n from_o a_o plague_n in_o rome_n commit_v great_a act_n of_o hostility_n against_o the_o roman_n who_o dwell_v about_o cumae_n and_o falernus_n war_n be_v present_o declare_v against_o they_o and_o though_o they_o we_o assist_v by_o the_o samnite_n and_o tarentines_n a_o people_n beyond_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v up_o their_o city_n which_o stand_v in_o some_o place_n where_o naples_n do_v afterward_o and_o the_o samnite_n lose_v three_o of_o their_o own_o to_n the_o tarentines_n nevertheless_o proceed_v and_o draw_v the_o samnite_n with_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o palaepoltians_n again_o into_o the_o war_n wherein_o the_o vestini_n together_o with_o their_o ally_n be_v also_o engage_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o war_n great_a commotion_n happen_v in_o the_o city_n occasion_v by_o one_o papirius_n who_o have_v give_v up_o himself_o as_o slave_n to_o publius_n a_o severe_a usurer_n to_o work_v out_o his_o father_n debt_n papirius_n be_v both_o young_a and_o beautiful_a publius_n attempt_v to_o abuse_v he_o after_o a_o filthy_a manner_n and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n most_o cruel_o scourge_v he_o in_o this_o condition_n papirius_n flee_v to_o the_o people_n who_o be_v so_o affect_v with_o his_o barbarous_a usage_n that_o they_o procure_v these_o two_o law_n short_o after_o first_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v detain_v in_o bound_n except_o for_o heinous_a misdemeanour_n and_o then_o not_o after_o punishment_n the_o second_o that_o the_o money_n and_o good_n not_o the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v responsible_a whereupon_o all_o prisoner_n for_o debt_n be_v immediate_o set_v at_o liberty_n the_o follow_a year_n the_o vestini_n be_v overthrow_v by_o brutus_n scaeva_n the_o consul_n and_o two_o town_n take_v from_o '_o they_o his_o colleague_n furius_n camillus_n be_v sick_a at_o samnium_n 428._o name_v papirius_n cursor_n for_o dictator_n the_o most_o famous_a commander_n in_o those_o time_n who_o appoint_v fabius_n rullianus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n papirius_n be_v encamp_v nigh_o the_o samnite_n be_v force_v to_o return_v to_o rome_n to_o renew_v his_o auspicia_fw-la leave_v a_o most_o strict_a command_n to_o fabius_n not_o to_o stir_v out_o of_o his_o trench_n in_o his_o absence_n but_o fabius_n find_v a_o great_a advantage_n engage_v the_o enemy_n and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o '_o they_o the_o dictator_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n return_v to_o the_o camp_n and_o will_v have_v put_v he_o to_o death_n but_o the_o army_n rescue_v he_o which_o cause_v papirius_n to_o make_v great_a complaint_n to_o the_o senate_n withaâ—_n urge_v the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o a_o strict_a discipline_n and_o authority_n but_o at_o last_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o father_n with_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o tribune_n and_o people_n prevail_v with_o he_o to_o spare_v his_o life_n this_o severity_n of_o papirius_n so_o alienate_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o it_o almost_o cost_v he_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o battle_n soon_o after_o which_o constrain_v he_o to_o be_v more_o popular_a for_o the_o future_a after_o which_o he_o overthrow_v the_o samnite_n and_o so_o much_o waste_v their_o country_n as_o force_v they_o to_o desire_v a_o peace_n the_o samnite_n soon_o return_v to_o their_o former_a enmity_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n they_o grow_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o senate_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o create_v a_o dictator_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o this_o be_v cornelius_n arvina_n who_o appoint_v fabius_n ambustus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 431._o and_o give_v the_o enemy_n a_o great_a overthrow_n by_o which_o the_o samnite_n be_v so_o weaken_a that_o they_o send_v all_o their_o prisoner_n and_o plunder_n to_o rome_n together_o with_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o revolt_n who_o have_v kilâ—ed_v himself_o to_o avoid_v be_v deliver_v up_o and_o all_o to_o purchase_v peace_n the_o senate_n only_o receiuâ—d_v the_o man_n with_o such_o good_n as_o be_v particular_o challenge_v and_o deem_v they_o peace_n enrage_v at_o this_o pontius_n the_o chief_a man_n among_o they_o draw_v out_o the_o samnite_n to_o a_o place_n call_v caudium_n and_o put_v ten_o soldier_n in_o the_o habit_n of_o shepherd_n he_o send_v they_o to_o calatia_n where_o the_o consul_n lay_v with_o instruction_n to_o report_v that_o the_o samnite_n be_v now_o in_o apulia_n before_o luceria_n and_o have_v almost_o take_v it_o the_o consul_n believe_v this_o report_n make_v all_o speed_n to_o relieve_v the_o town_n lest_o their_o ally_n the_o apulian_o may_v be_v oblige_v to_o join_v with_o the_o samnite_n now_o the_o roman_n have_v but_o two_o way_n to_o march_n to_o luceria_n one_o large_a enough_o but_o far_o about_o the_o other_o a_o narrow_a passage_n through_o the_o strait_o of_o caudium_n a_o place_n incompassâ—d_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o extreme_a difficult_a and_o dangerous_a to_o pass_v if_o a_o enemy_n be_v nigh_o the_o consul_n lead_v their_o army_n through_o this_o be_v immediate_o block_v up_o on_o all_o side_n by_o pontius_n who_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o defile_v the_o samnite_n have_v get_v the_o roman_n at_o this_o great_a advantage_n immediate_o send_v to_o herennius_n pontius_n father_n to_o know_v how_o to_o proceed_v herennius_n send_v two_o several_a message_n the_o first_o to_o dismiss_v the_o roman_n without_o any_o injury_n at_o all_o the_o second_o to_o put_v they_o all_o to_o the_o sword_n urge_v that_o one_o of_o thâ—se_a two_o way_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o first_o will_v lay_v a_o perpetual_a obligation_n on_o a_o most_o powerful_a people_n and_o the_o second_o will_v be_v a_o great_a weaken_n of_o a_o most_o formidable_a enemy_n and_o that_o no_o three_o way_n can_v either_o gain_v
their_o friendship_n or_o diminish_v their_o strength_n but_o this_o prudent_a counsel_n will_v not_o be_v hear_v so_o the_o roman_n have_v these_o article_n allow_v they_o first_o that_o their_o army_n shall_v march_v away_o only_o with_o their_o under_z garment_n have_v first_o in_o token_n of_o slavery_n pass_v under_o the_o jugum_n or_o gallow_n second_o they_o shall_v whole_o quit_v all_o samnium_n and_o remove_v all_o their_o colony_n and_o three_o both_o roman_a and_o samnite_n shall_v live_v under_o the_o same_o term_n of_o confederacy_n and_o alliance_n the_o roman_n be_v constrain_v to_o submit_v to_o these_o disgraceful_a article_n and_o with_o wonderful_a shame_n anger_n and_o confusion_n return_v to_o capua_n disarm_v and_o half_a naked_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o rome_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v most_o sensible_o afflict_v at_o this_o shameful_a disaster_n their_o generous_a blood_n boil_v in_o their_o vein_n and_o nothing_o but_o fury_n and_o revenge_n appear_v in_o their_o face_n the_o consul_n refuse_v to_o appear_v abroad_o or_o to_o act_v for_o which_o reason_n a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n which_o be_v aemilius_n papus_n 432._o who_o appoint_v valerius_n flaccus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n but_o instead_o of_o a_o election_n of_o consul_n the_o state_n for_o a_o while_o fall_v into_o a_o interregnum_fw-la there_o be_v nothing_o but_o grief_n and_o vexation_n in_o all_o place_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n put_v into_o mourn_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v consul_n be_v choose_v papirius_n cursor_n and_o publilius_n philo_n be_v the_o person_n and_o the_o senate_n be_v assemble_v posthumius_fw-la one_o of_o the_o last_o year_n consul_n generous_o offer_v himself_o to_o be_v deliver_v together_o with_o his_o colleague_n up_o to_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o to_o break_v the_o caudine_n treaty_n urge_v that_o only_o they_o two_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v the_o article_n and_o not_o the_o state_n which_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o what_o be_v do_v this_o be_v grateful_o accept_v of_o but_o pontius_n refuse_v to_o receive_v they_o great_o exclaim_v against_o the_o perfidiousness_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o army_n soon_o march_v against_o they_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o papirius_n and_o sufficient_o revenge_v themselves_o of_o all_o former_a affront_v overthrow_v they_o in_o several_a battle_n make_v they_o all_o pass_v under_o the_o jugum_fw-la recover_v several_a town_n and_o free_v the_o 600_o hostage_n which_o they_o have_v deliver_v to_o they_o in_o the_o caudine_n treaty_n so_o that_o the_o samnite_n can_v very_o hardly_o obtain_v a_o two_o year_n truce_n in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o truce_n two_o new_a tribe_n be_v add_v to_o the_o rest_n namely_o the_o ufentine_a and_o falerine_n 436._o which_o make_v the_o number_n thirty_o one_o the_o samnite_n incouragâ—d_v by_o some_o other_o break_v their_o truce_n which_o together_o with_o the_o etrurians_n warlike_a preparation_n occasion_v the_o creation_n of_o a_o dictator_n which_o be_v l._n aemilius_n who_o make_v l._n fulvius_n moritious_a his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 437._o and_o in_o a_o bloody_a battle_n overthrow_v the_o enemy_n who_o come_v to_o relieve_v saticula_n which_o he_o have_v invest_v the_o next_o year_n another_o dictator_n be_v create_v to_o carry_v on_o this_o war_n which_o be_v fabius_n maximus_n who_o choose_v aulius_n cerretan_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o take_v saticula_n manage_v the_o war_n with_o great_a success_n against_o the_o samnite_n 438._o and_o considerable_o enlarge_n the_o roman_a dominion_n in_o those_o part_n the_o follow_a year_n a_o dangerous_a conspiracy_n be_v discover_v at_o capua_n and_o this_o occasion_v the_o create_v of_o a_o dictator_n 439._o which_o be_v c._n maenius_n who_o make_v choice_n of_o m._n foslius_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o soon_o suppress_v that_o disturbance_n the_o next_o year_n the_o samnite_n war_n be_v carry_v on_o with_o great_a vigour_n and_o a_o dictator_n create_v which_o be_v c._n paetelius_n who_o make_v m._n foslius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 440._o and_o gain_v great_a advantage_n over_o the_o enemy_n after_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o short_a breathe_v time_n and_o but_o a_o short_a one_o for_o soon_o after_o the_o etrurians_n make_v great_a threat_n and_o as_o great_a preparation_n another_o dictator_n be_v create_v which_o be_v junius_n bubulcus_n 441._o who_o perform_v little_a against_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o keep_n upon_o the_o defensive_a in_o this_o same_o year_n appius_n claudius_n be_v one_o of_o the_o censor_n make_v the_o famous_a causeway_n or_o highway_n callâ—d_a via_n appia_n a_o prodigious_a work_n together_o with_o the_o channel_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o he_o bring_v into_o the_o city_n which_o work_v he_o all_o alone_o accomplish_v according_a to_o livy_n a_o year_n or_o two_o be_v employ_v against_o the_o etrurians_n till_o at_o last_o papirius_n be_v make_v dictator_n 443._o who_o choose_v bubulcus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n give_v they_o the_o great_a overthrow_n that_o they_o ever_o receive_v yet_o all_o their_o choice_a man_n be_v lose_v and_o from_o that_o time_n they_o be_v never_o able_a to_o perform_v much_o against_o rome_n four_o year_n after_o 447._o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o election_n of_o consul_n which_o be_v cornelius_n scipio_n and_o decius_n must_n be_v his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n in_o the_o second_o year_n after_o this_o the_o samnite_n after_o many_o and_o great_a loss_n obtain_v a_o peace_n 12_o year_n after_o they_o break_v their_o truce_n and_o the_o ancient_a league_n be_v renew_v with_o they_o and_o this_o happen_v 37_o year_n after_o the_o first_o war_n with_o that_o nation_n soon_o after_o this_o peace_n be_v conclude_v the_o roman_n turn_v their_o arm_n against_o the_o aequi_n 449._o and_o chastise_v they_o for_o assist_v the_o samnite_n which_o affright_v other_o nation_n into_o subjection_n the_o roman_a dominion_n now_o daily_o increase_v but_o however_o such_o resistance_n be_v make_v as_o they_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o have_v a_o dictator_n which_o be_v junius_n bubulcus_n who_o choose_v m._n titinius_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 451._o and_o in_o eight_o day_n time_n return_v in_o triumph_n in_o less_o than_o a_o year_n after_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o etrurians_n join_v with_o the_o umbrian_n a_o people_n on_o the_o north_n of_o they_o and_o the_o sabine_n occassion_v the_o create_v of_o another_o dictator_n which_o be_v valerius_n maximus_n who_o appoint_v aemilius_n paulus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 452._o this_o dictator_n entire_o break_v the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o etrurians_n reduce_v all_o their_o territory_n to_o the_o roman_a subjection_n which_o happen_v above_o 420_o year_n after_o the_o first_o war_n with_o those_o people_n the_o umbrian_n be_v likewise_o much_o weaken_a and_o lose_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o their_o country_n the_o roman_n still_o extend_v their_o dominion_n on_o all_o side_n and_o continual_o increase_v their_o strength_n during_o some_o sort_n of_o intermission_n abroad_o the_o commons_o begin_v to_o fall_v into_o their_o former_a dissatisfied_a humour_n and_o the_o tribune_n much_o complain_v that_o all_o the_o priest_n and_o augur_n be_v create_v out_o of_o the_o patritian_n and_o urge_v that_o the_o plebeian_n may_v also_o partake_v of_o those_o office_n the_o senate_n make_v no_o great_a opposition_n as_o be_v sufficient_o accustom_a to_o yield_v in_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n so_o that_o whereas_o at_o present_a there_o be_v but_o four_o chief_a priest_n and_o as_o many_o augur_n answer_v to_o the_o four_o tribe_n in_o the_o city_n now_o four_o more_o be_v add_v and_o to_o those_o five_o more_o out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o in_o this_o same_o year_n valerius_n the_o consul_n prefer_v a_o law_n of_o appeal_n more_o careful_o enact_v which_o be_v the_o three_o time_n this_o law_n be_v confirm_v since_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n and_o always_o occasion_v by_o the_o same_o family_n the_o same_o consul_n fall_v upon_o the_o aequi_n who_o be_v now_o in_o rebellion_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o have_v nothing_o leave_v they_o of_o their_o ancient_a fortune_n but_o the_o stoutness_n of_o their_o temper_n the_o follow_a year_n be_v a_o lustrum_fw-la and_o two_o new_a tribe_n be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a 454._o namely_o the_o aniensis_n and_o the_o tarentine_n which_o now_o make_v the_o whole_a number_n thirty_o three_o the_o city_n be_v also_o much_o increase_v for_o at_o the_o next_o lustrum_fw-la five_o year_n after_o there_o be_v cess_v no_o less_o than_o 262322_o free_a citizen_n within_o a_o year_n after_o this_o the_o samnite_n after_o six_o year_n respite_n break_v their_o league_n with_o the_o
those_o creature_n break_v their_o rank_n whereupon_o pyrrhus_n command_v the_o thessalian_a cavalry_n to_o charge_v they_o in_o this_o disorder_n and_o give_v they_o a_o total_a rout_n with_o great_a slaughter_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o his_o best_a man_n he_o himself_o also_o be_v wound_v the_o roman_n lose_v nigh_o 15000_o man_n and_o have_v 1800_o take_v prisoner_n and_o the_o other_o side_n lose_v 13000_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v out_o of_o dionysius_n pyrrhus_n use_v the_o roman_a prisoner_n with_o extraordinary_a civility_n and_o courtesy_n and_o generous_o buryâ—d_v their_o dead_a then_o take_v a_o view_n of_o their_o body_n and_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o wound_v before_o and_o what_o noble_a and_o stern_a countenance_n they_o have_v he_o lift_v up_o his_o eye_n and_o cryâ—d_n o_o how_o easy_o may_v i_o conquer_v the_o world_n be_v i_o master_n of_o such_o soldier_n after_o this_o battle_n pyrrhus_n be_v join_v with_o the_o auxiliary_a troop_n of_o the_o samnite_n lucani_n and_o brutii_n direct_v his_o march_n towards_o rome_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o praeneste_n lay_v waste_n all_o before_o he_o the_o roman_n use_v all_o necessary_a diligence_n to_o recruit_v their_o troop_n and_o to_o make_v new_a levy_n stir_a up_o their_o courage_n as_o much_o as_o possible_o fabricius_n a_o patrician_n insinuate_v that_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o through_o want_n of_o valour_n but_o conduct_v and_o that_o the_o grecian_n have_v not_o overcome_v the_o roman_n but_o pyrrhus_n have_v conquer_a laevinus_n pyrrhus_n find_v the_o roman_n very_o diligent_a and_o expeditious_a in_o their_o recruit_n consider_v it_o be_v more_o honourable_a to_o treat_v with_o they_o after_o his_o victory_n since_o he_o have_v but_o small_a hope_n of_o subdue_a they_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n send_v cineas_n to_o find_v out_o their_o inclination_n a_o man_n so_o powerful_a in_o rhetoric_n that_o the_o king_n acknowledge_v he_o to_o have_v storm_v more_o town_n by_o his_o tongue_n than_o he_o ever_o do_v by_o his_o arms._n cineas_n very_o close_o applyâ—d_v himself_o to_o several_a of_o the_o nobility_n with_o present_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o lady_n as_o from_o his_o master_n but_o he_o find_v they_o so_o steady_a and_o unmoved_a that_o not_o a_o single_a person_n wouâ—d_v receive_v any_o and_o both_o man_n and_o woman_n answer_v that_o if_o a_o treaty_n be_v public_o conclude_v they_o then_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o show_v all_o respect_n and_o service_n due_a to_o so_o great_a a_o man_n as_o the_o king_n be_v cineas_n find_v these_o method_n ineffectual_a proceed_v to_o his_o business_n more_o public_o and_o be_v come_v into_o the_o senate_n he_o say_v the_o most_o soft_a and_o oblige_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n likewise_o offer_v in_o his_o master_n name_n to_o return_v all_o that_o be_v take_v in_o the_o battle_n without_o ransom_n and_o promise_v all_o the_o assistance_n that_o couâ—d_v be_v expect_v for_o the_o conquer_a all_n italy_n only_o ask_v for_o his_o master_n and_o the_o tarentines_n their_o friendship_n and_o alliance_n these_o fair_a promise_n at_o first_o make_v the_o senate_n somewhat_o incline_v to_o a_o treaty_n till_o appius_n claudius_n now_o blind_a and_o very_o ancient_a be_v bring_v into_o the_o senate-house_n who_o by_o a_o stir_a and_o encourage_v oration_n so_o warm_v the_o assembly_n that_o cineas_n can_v be_v hear_v no_o more_o but_o be_v dismiss_v with_o this_o answer_n that_o when_o pyrrhus_n have_v withdraw_v his_o force_n from_o italy_n then_o if_o he_o please_v they_o will_v treat_v with_o he_o about_o friendship_n and_o alliance_n but_o till_o then_o they_o resolve_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n though_o they_o meet_v with_o never_o so_o many_o defeat_v cineas_n at_o his_o return_n be_v ask_v by_o pyrrhus_n what_o he_o think_v of_o rome_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o the_o senate_n appear_v to_o he_o as_o a_o venerable_a assembly_n of_o so_o many_o king_n and_o the_o people_n he_o think_v be_v like_o the_o hydra_n who_o number_n increase_v the_o more_o for_o the_o defeat_n for_o the_o consul_n have_v alreday_n raise_v twice_o as_o great_a a_o army_n and_o there_o be_v still_o far_o great_a number_n behind_o soon_o after_o cineas_n return_n the_o roman_n send_v to_o pyrrhus_n about_o ransom_v of_o prisoner_n among_o other_o c._n fabricius_n a_o person_n eminent_a for_o his_o great_a virtue_n and_o remarkable_a for_o his_o profess_a poverty_n pyrrhus_n receiuâ—d_v he_o with_o a_o extraordinary_a civility_n and_o kindness_n likewise_o offer_v he_o gold_n assure_v he_o it_o be_v no_o otherwise_o than_o a_o hospitable_a respect_n to_o a_o person_n of_o his_o excellency_n but_o all_o this_o have_v no_o effect_n upon_o the_o steadiness_n of_o fabricius_n temper_n the_o next_o day_n pyrrhus_n try_v all_o method_n to_o discompose_v he_o command_v one_o of_o his_o large_a elephant_n complete_o arm_v to_o be_v place_v behind_o the_o hang_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o discourse_n upon_o a_o sign_n give_v the_o tapestry_n be_v draw_v aside_o and_o the_o huge_a elephant_n raise_v his_o trunk_n over_o fabricius_n head_n make_v a_o hideous_a noise_n fabricius_n though_o he_o have_v never_o see_v this_o creature_n be_v not_o at_o all_o afraid_a but_o gentle_o turn_v about_o and_o smile_v say_v neither_o your_o gold_n yesterday_o nor_o you_o dreadful_a beast_n to_o day_n can_v make_v any_o impression_n upon_o i_o pyrrhus_n amaze_v at_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o mind_n release_v the_o prisoner_n entrust_v they_o to_o he_o alone_o with_o nothing_o but_o a_o promise_n that_o if_o the_o senate_n accept_v not_o of_o peace_n they_o shall_v return_v to_o he_o which_o according_o they_o do_v be_v command_v to_o do_v it_o by_o the_o senate_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n in_o the_o same_o year_n coruncanius_n laevinusâ—_n â—_z colleague_n triumph_v over_o some_o of_o the_o etrurians_n who_o have_v revolt_v and_o likewise_o this_o year_n the_o lustrum_fw-la be_v perform_v 278222_o free_a citizen_n be_v cess_v ii_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v now_o recruit_v sulpicius_n saverrio_n 474._o and_o decius_n must_n the_o consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n be_v send_v against_o pyrrhus_n the_o roman_n have_v now_o learn_v not_o to_o fear_v the_o elephant_n so_o much_o as_o former_o and_o be_v very_o carful_a in_o observe_v and_o understand_v pyrrhus_n art_n and_o conduct_n in_o battle_n both_o army_n meet_v about_o the_o city_n of_o asculum_n and_o pyrrhus_n be_v incommode_v by_o a_o woody_n country_n veâ—y_o inconvenient_a for_o his_o cavalry_n and_o a_o very_a swift_a current_n of_o the_o river_n that_o the_o elephant_n for_o want_n of_o sure_a foot_n can_v not_o get_v up_o with_o the_o infantry_n but_o after_o many_o wound_v and_o kill_v the_o night_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o engagement_n the_o next_o morning_n pyrrhus_n design_v to_o fight_n on_o even_a ground_n and_o to_o have_v the_o elephant_n in_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n cause_v a_o detachment_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o those_o incommodius_fw-la ground_n and_o mix_v slinger_n and_o archer_n among_o the_o elephant_n with_o great_a courage_n advance_v in_o a_o close_a and_o well_o order_v body_n and_o the_o roman_n not_o have_v those_o advantage_n of_o retreat_v and_o fall_v on_o as_o they_o have_v before_o be_v oblige_v to_o fight_v man_n to_o man_n upon_o plain_a ground_n make_v a_o bloody_a slaughter_n among_o the_o grecian_a spear_n man_n not_o mind_v or_o value_v what_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o after_o a_o long_a and_o obstinate_a fight_n the_o roman_n be_v so_o press_v upon_o especial_o by_o the_o mighty_a force_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o the_o gaecian_a cavalry_n and_o so_o overpower_v that_o they_o retreat_v to_o their_o camp_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o 6000_o man_n the_o enemy_n have_v lose_v nigh_o 4000_o this_o battle_n be_v various_o relate_v but_o this_o be_v the_o true_a account_n that_o i_o can_v find_v of_o it_o after_o this_o engagement_n it_o be_v say_v pyrrhus_n reply_v to_o a_o gentleman_n who_o congratulate_v he_o for_o his_o victory_n if_o we_o overcome_v the_o roman_n another_o time_n we_o be_v utter_o ruin_v for_o by_o this_o time_n he_o have_v lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o force_n he_o have_v bring_v over_o and_o almost_o all_o his_o particular_a friend_n and_o commander_n this_o battle_n finish_v the_o campaign_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n be_v employ_v in_o take_v care_n for_o the_o next_o at_o which_o time_n fabricius_n himself_o be_v choose_v consul_n together_o with_o aemilius_n papus_n at_o the_o nigh_o approach_v of_o the_o two_o army_n fabricius_n receiuâ—d_v a_o letter_n from_o the_o â—_z principal_a physician_n offer_v to_o take_v off_o pyrrhus_n by_o poison_n and_o so_o end_v the_o war_n without_o far_a hazard_n to_o the_o roman_n provide_v he_o may_v have_v
a_o reward_v proportionable_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o service_n fabricius_n enrage_v at_o the_o villainy_n of_o the_o physician_n and_o dispose_v his_o colleague_n to_o the_o same_o opinion_n he_o immediate_o dispatch_v letter_n to_o pyrrhus_n to_o let_v he_o know_v what_o a_o ill_a choice_n he_o have_v make_v both_o of_o his_o friend_n and_o enemy_n that_o he_o be_v in_o war_n with_o honest_a man_n and_o trust_v and_o promote_v villain_n and_o that_o the_o roman_n abhor_v all_o treacherous_a practice_n it_o be_v their_o custom_n to_o conquer_v a_o enemy_n by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o own_o arm_n and_o not_o by_o treason_n of_o the_o other_o subject_n pyrrhus_n receive_v the_o message_n with_o all_o courtesy_n and_o be_v more_o and_o more_o surprizâ—d_a at_o the_o roman_a greatness_n and_o generosity_n he_o cry_v out_o this_o be_v that_o fabricius_n who_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o turn_v from_o the_o way_n of_o virtue_n and_o honesty_n than_o the_o sun_n from_o its_o course_n 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that_o regulus_n shall_v remain_v in_o africa_n in_o character_n of_o proconsul_n with_o 40_o ship_n 15000_o foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n and_o manlius_n shall_v return_v to_o rome_n with_o the_o remain_a force_n regulus_n encamp_v upon_o the_o river_n bagrada_n be_v force_v to_o engage_v a_o monstrous_a serpent_n of_o miraculous_a bigness_n which_o with_o the_o great_a trouble_n of_o his_o army_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o batter_a engine_n he_o â—lew_v send_v its_o skin_n to_o rome_n which_o be_v 120_o foot_n long_o according_a to_o livy_n and_o gellius_n the_o carthaginian_n find_v the_o roman_n so_o successful_a oppose_v regulus_n with_o a_o considerable_a army_n but_o fight_v in_o a_o place_n where_o their_o horse_n and_o elephant_n can_v do_v but_o little_a service_n be_v soon_o defeat_v and_o tunetum_n or_o tunis_n in_o a_o short_a space_n be_v take_v by_o regulus_n but_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v procure_v
of_o janus_n continue_v shut_v and_o in_o the_o six_o be_v open_v by_o a_o war_n with_o the_o illyrian_n a_o people_n nigh_o greece_n who_o inhabit_v that_o country_n which_o be_v now_o call_v dalmatia_n for_o teuta_n queen_n of_o that_o nation_n elevate_v by_o her_o prosperity_n in_o peace_n give_v her_o subject_n commission_n to_o rob_v all_o they_o meet_v with_o at_o sea_n some_o of_o which_o happen_v to_o be_v merchant_n of_o italy_n who_o they_o use_v very_o barbarous_o upon_o intelligence_n of_o this_o the_o roman_n dispatch_v two_o ambassador_n caius_z and_o lucius_n coruncanus_n to_o illyricum_n to_o demand_v satisfaction_n teuta_n tell_v they_o that_o she_o will_v take_v care_n that_o no_o public_a injury_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o the_o roman_n but_o she_o think_v it_o be_v never_o the_o custom_n of_o prince_n to_o hinder_v their_o subject_n from_o make_v what_o private_a advantage_n they_o can_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o lucius_n smart_o tell_v she_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v learn_v a_o better_a custom_n which_o be_v to_o punish_v private_a injury_n with_o a_o public_a revenge_n and_o to_o relieve_v the_o distress_a and_o they_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o god_n will_v take_v care_n to_o reform_v her_o princely_a custom_n the_o queen_n take_v this_o freedom_n so_o heinous_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n she_o send_v after_o the_o ambassador_n and_o slay_v lucius_n this_o so_o enrage_v the_o roman_n that_o war_n be_v immediate_o proclaim_v against_o she_o and_o the_o two_o consul_n send_v to_o illyricum_n fulvius_n with_o a_o fleet_n and_o posthumius_fw-la with_o a_o land_n army_n fulvius_n have_v corcyra_n surrender_v to_o he_o at_o his_o first_o appearance_n before_o it_o and_o soon_o after_o take_v apollonia_n then_o the_o army_n join_v the_o consul_n relieve_v dyrrhachium_n which_o be_v invest_v by_o the_o illyrian_n soon_o after_o most_o of_o the_o illyrick_a town_n be_v surrender_v to_o the_o consul_n whereupon_o the_o queen_n retire_v with_o a_o few_o follower_n to_o rhizon_n a_o strong_a town_n and_o the_o spring_n after_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o beg_v peace_n which_o be_v grant_v upon_o these_o term_n first_o to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n second_o to_o quit_v all_o illyricum_n except_o a_o very_a few_o place_n and_o three_o not_o to_o sail_v beyond_o the_o river_n lissus_n with_o more_o than_o two_o bark_n and_o those_o unarm_v thus_o end_v the_o first_o illyrian_a war_n in_o less_o than_o two_o year_n time_n v._o these_o war_n in_o illyricum_n still_o enlarge_v the_o roman_a dominion_n and_o their_o generous_a behaviour_n gain_v they_o as_o much_o love_n as_o their_o valour_n have_v get_v they_o reputation_n in_o those_o part_n particular_o among_o the_o athenian_n and_o corinthian_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o pass_v a_o decree_n in_o honour_n of_o they_o which_o make_v they_o free_a of_o the_o isthmian_a game_n one_o of_o the_o four_o solemn_a exercise_n of_o greece_n 527._o and_o this_o same_o year_n be_v the_o praetor_n increase_v to_o four_o one_o be_v send_v to_o the_o province_n of_o sicily_n and_o another_o to_o that_o of_o sardinia_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n domestic_a disturbance_n about_o the_o division_n of_o land_n take_v from_o the_o gaul_n awaken_v that_o nation_n who_o conclude_v that_o the_o roman_n fight_v more_o out_o of_o covetousness_n than_o glory_n begin_v that_o war_n which_o the_o latin_a historian_n call_v bellum_n gallicum_n cisalpinum_fw-la these_o fierce_a people_n now_o join_v in_o confederacy_n send_v â—ver_o the_o alps_o for_o other_o gaul_n callâ—d_a gessatae_n nigh_o the_o river_n rhosne_fw-fr who_o come_v over_o with_o a_o prodigious_a force_n and_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o hetruria_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 50000_o foot_n and_o 20000_o horse_n the_o roman_n to_o oppose_v they_o make_v the_o great_a preparation_n that_o have_v be_v know_v all_o italy_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n to_o the_o number_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v place_v in_o several_a part_n to_o be_v in_o readiness_n upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o the_o consul_n themselves_o lead_v a_o particular_a army_n of_o 50â—00_n foot_n and_o 4200_o horse_n the_o gaul_n now_o enter_v hetruria_n 529._o waste_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n till_o they_o come_v to_o clusium_n about_o three_o day_n journey_n from_o rome_n where_o they_o be_v block_v up_o by_o the_o roman_n the_o praetor_n on_o their_o back_n and_o the_o consul_n before_o possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o pass_n insomuch_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o form_v two_o front_n and_o fight_v very_o disadvantageous_o both_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o nakedness_n and_o the_o unfitness_n of_o their_o arms._n but_o the_o vanity_n of_o the_o gessatae_n prove_v the_o most_o injurious_a to_o they_o for_o they_o throw_v off_o all_o their_o clothes_n will_v needs_o fight_v naked_a and_o begin_v the_o first_o charge_n and_o these_o be_v easy_o break_v so_o discourage_v the_o rest_n that_o all_o flee_v the_o gaul_n be_v miserable_o slaughter_v 40000_o of_o they_o be_v kill_v and_o 10000_o take_v prisoner_n among_o the_o rest_n concolitanus_n a_o king_n of_o the_o gessatae_n the_o consul_n obtain_v a_o most_o splendid_a triumph_n for_o this_o victory_n scarce_o any_o being_n more_o remarkable_a for_o the_o number_n of_o the_o prisoner_n or_o the_o variety_n and_o value_n of_o the_o spoil_n the_o next_o year_n great_a inroad_n be_v make_v into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o gaul_n they_o be_v several_a time_n overthrow_v at_o which_o time_n the_o consul_n be_v abroad_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v to_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n 350._o which_o be_v caecilius_n metellus_n and_o fabius_n buteo_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n or_o lieutenant_n the_o gaul_n be_v now_o so_o harass_v and_o weaken_v that_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o rome_n to_o beg_v peace_n on_o any_o term_n but_o claudius_n marcellus_n and_o cornelius_n scipio_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o that_o affair_n and_o stir_v up_o the_o multitude_n to_o continue_v the_o war._n whereupon_o the_o gaul_n now_o grow_v desperate_a resolve_v to_o make_v their_o last_o effort_n and_o procure_v â—0000_n auxiliary_n from_o the_o gessatae_n the_o consul_n march_v into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o insubres_n and_o open_v the_o campaign_n with_o the_o siege_n of_o acerrae_n whereupon_o the_o gaul_n invest_v clastidium_n a_o confederate_a town_n of_o the_o roman_n marcellus_n with_o two_o three_o of_o his_o cavalry_n and_o a_o small_a detachment_n of_o light-armed_a footman_n march_v both_o night_n and_o day_n towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a inequality_n of_o the_o number_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a fatigue_n of_o the_o long_a march_n he_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o after_o a_o bloody_a battle_n overthrow_v '_o they_o marcellus_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n kill_v virdomarus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o gessatae_n 532._o and_o dedicate_v the_o three_o opima_fw-la spolia_fw-la or_o royal_a spoil_n to_o jupiter_n feretrius_n obtain_v likewise_o a_o noble_a triumph_n those_o that_o escape_v flee_v to_o mediolanum_n now_o callâ—d_v milan_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o insubrian_a gaul_n which_o be_v short_o after_o take_v the_o gallic_a war_n be_v end_v after_o six_o year_n continuance_n to_o the_o considerable_a enlargement_n of_o the_o roman_a dominion_n colony_n be_v plant_v not_o long_o after_o at_o cremona_n and_o at_o placentia_n about_o this_o time_n a_o multitude_n of_o libertini_n or_o free_v slave_n which_o live_v disperse_v among_o all_o the_o tribe_n give_v great_a disturbance_n to_o the_o city_n which_o occasion_v the_o censor_n at_o the_o next_o lustrum_fw-la to_o confine_v all_o these_o to_o four_o tribe_n 534._o namely_o esquilina_n palatina_n suburrana_n and_o collina_n at_o which_o time_n be_v also_o 170213_o free_a citizen_n cess_v in_o the_o same_o censorship_n c._n flaminius_n one_o of_o the_o censor_n build_v a_o cirque_fw-la and_o pave_v the_o highway_n as_o far_o as_o ariminum_n 130_o mile_n both_o which_o great_a work_n be_v afterward_o call_v by_o his_o name_n within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o illyrian_n revolt_a be_v reduce_v by_o aemilius_n and_o livius_n the_o consul_n though_o with_o some_o difficulty_n and_o trouble_n but_o the_o great_a concern_v the_o roman_n have_v now_o be_v the_o successful_a progress_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o spain_n who_o now_o have_v gain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o more_o than_o all_o have_v take_v saguntus_n a_o town_n in_o alliance_n with_o râ—mâ—_n after_o they_o be_v desire_v to_o desist_v this_o cause_v the_o roman_n to_o send_v their_o ambassador_n to_o carthage_n to_o require_v their_o general_n hannibal_n to_o be_v deliver_v up_o and_o if_o that_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o denounce_v war._n the_o ambassador_n find_v the_o carthaginian_n very_o little_a incline_v to_o give_v any_o satisfaction_n
the_o senior_n of_o they_o hold_v out_o the_o skirt_n of_o his_o robe_n tell_v the_o senate_n here_o we_o bring_v you_o war_n or_o peace_n choose_v which_o you_o please_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o other_o answer_v deliver_v which_o you_o will_v the_o roman_a reply_v war_n the_o other_o accept_v of_o it_o and_o thus_o begin_v the_o second_o punic_a or_o carthaginian_a war_n 23_o year_n after_o the_o first_o in_o the_o 536th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n a._n m._n 3787_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o 140th_o olympiad_n 291_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 172_o since_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n by_o the_o gaul_n 112_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n and_o 216_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n chap._n x._o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o finish_n of_o it_o by_o scipio_n africanus_n when_o the_o roman_n become_v perfect_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war._n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 17_o year_n i._o the_o war_n be_v break_v out_o a_o second_o time_n between_o these_o two_o rival_n nation_n 536._o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n the_o latter_a commit_v the_o management_n of_o it_o to_o hannibal_n amilcar_n son_n now_o in_o spain_n a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a ability_n as_o to_o war_n both_o for_o conduct_n and_o valour_n of_o a_o hardy_a laborious_a and_o indefatigable_a body_n as_o well_o as_o a_o fierce_a dare_a and_o undaunted_a mind_n this_o general_n have_v swear_v himself_o a_o mortal_a enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n and_o have_v overrun_v all_o spain_n to_o the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n he_o resolve_v to_o run_v any_o danger_n or_o hazard_n so_o he_o may_v procure_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n therefore_o leave_v hanno_n with_o a_o sufficient_a force_n to_o guard_v that_o country_n he_o cross_v the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n into_o gaul_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 50000_o foot_n and_o 9000_o horse_n of_o different_a nation_n and_o language_n from_o whence_o he_o short_o pass_v the_o rhosne_fw-fr with_o great_a danger_n and_o difficulty_n the_o river_n there_o be_v swift_a and_o spacious_a and_o its_o bank_n cover_v with_o many_o and_o dangerous_a enemy_n in_o ten_o day_n march_v from_o thence_o he_o arriuâ—d_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_o over_o which_o he_o resolve_v to_o pass_v into_o italy_n notwithstanding_o the_o lateness_n of_o the_o season_n the_o fear_n of_o his_o man_n his_o ignorance_n of_o the_o way_n the_o labour_n of_o the_o march_n and_o all_o the_o numerous_a peril_n and_o hazard_n that_o attend_v so_o vast_a a_o enterprise_n it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n and_o every_o thing_n appear_v strange_a and_o dreadful_a the_o prodigious_a height_n of_o the_o mountain_n cap_v with_o snow_n the_o rude_a misshapen_v cottage_n on_o the_o side_n of_o craggy_a steep_a rock_n the_o cattle_n sheep_n and_o horse_n parched_a and_o stiff_a with_o cold_a the_o people_n barbarous_a and_o with_o long_o shag_v hair_n like_o savage_n and_o nothing_o to_o be_v see_v but_o a_o general_a scene_n of_o deformity_n and_o horror_n the_o soldier_n in_o this_o march_n beside_o their_o fear_n be_v extreme_o afflict_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o cold_n and_o grievous_o harass_v by_o the_o narrow_a defile_v the_o slippery_a passage_n and_o the_o craggy_a rock_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o from_o their_o lurk_a place_n fall_v often_o upon_o they_o with_o great_a slaughter_n and_o sometime_o by_o their_o unusual_a shout_n and_o outcry_n which_o be_v redouble_v by_o the_o echo_n between_o the_o rock_n and_o valley_n their_o horse_n be_v so_o affright_v as_o they_o frequent_o overthrow_v themselves_o man_n and_o carriage_n down_o these_o narrow_a precipice_n who_o fall_v from_o one_o rock_n to_o another_o make_v a_o dreadful_a rumble_a as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o fall_n of_o some_o castle_n or_o great_a building_n nevertheless_o after_o nine_o day_n painful_a march_n through_o these_o untrodden_a path_n hannibal_n at_o last_o gain_v the_o top_n of_o these_o vast_a mountain_n where_o he_o refresh_v his_o man_n and_o encourage_v their_o faint_a mind_n by_o a_o distant_a prospect_n of_o italy_n tell_v â—em_v that_o now_o like_o hardy_a soldier_n they_o have_v mount_v not_o only_o the_o wall_n of_o italy_n but_o those_o of_o rome_n too_o after_o two_o day_n respite_n among_o these_o dismal_a place_n the_o army_n mouâ—d_v forward_o and_o be_v force_v to_o encounter_v with_o new_a difficulty_n for_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o snow_n be_v late_o fall_v as_o many_o man_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o that_o as_o have_v be_v before_o by_o the_o enemy_n encounter_n and_o now_o a_o sort_n of_o despair_n appear_v in_o almost_o every_o man_n face_n but_o hannibal_n who_o still_o remain_v steady_a and_o unshaken_a incite_v they_o forward_o till_o they_o arriuâ—d_v at_o a_o place_n which_o be_v a_o rocky_a precipice_n where_o the_o earth_n have_v late_o fall_v away_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 1000_o foot_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o pass_v with_o elephant_n or_o horse_n whereupon_o he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v his_o man_n through_o other_o unknown_a way_n but_o find_v the_o snow_n have_v make_v they_o impassable_a he_o be_v force_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o level_v the_o rock_n in_o order_n to_o that_o great_a number_n of_o huge_a tree_n be_v fell_v and_o a_o mighty_a pile_n make_v against_o it_o and_o set_v on_o fire_n when_o the_o rock_n be_v red-hot_a they_o soften_v and_o putrefy_v it_o with_o vinegar_n as_o livy_n relate_v it_o and_o then_o with_o wonderful_a labour_n cleave_v it_o lessen_v the_o descent_n by_o such_o moderate_a turn_n that_o not_o only_o the_o beast_n of_o burden_n but_o the_o elephant_n also_o may_v safe_o pass_v four_o day_n indefatigable_a toil_n be_v employ_v about_o this_o rock_n the_o beast_n the_o mean_a while_n be_v almost_o stary_v have_v have_v very_o little_a sustenance_n all_o that_o time_n but_o come_v low_o certain_a valley_n afford_v pasture_n where_o the_o cattle_n be_v refresh_v and_o rest_v allow_v the_o weary_a soldier_n from_o thence_o hannibal_n descend_v into_o the_o plain_n have_v be_v 15_o day_n in_o pass_v the_o alps_o it_o be_v now_o the_o 5_o month_n after_o his_o set_n out_o from_o new_a carthage_n which_o be_v a_o city_n build_v by_o asdrubal_n in_o spain_n at_o his_o arrival_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o insubres_n he_o find_v his_o army_n reduce_v to_o about_o 18000_o foot_n and_o 6000_o horse_n according_a to_o polybius_n have_v lose_v most_o of_o they_o upon_o the_o alps_n scipio_n the_o consul_n hear_v of_o hannibalâ—s_n â—s_z march_n hasten_v to_o meet_v he_o before_o his_o man_n be_v well_o refresh_v both_o army_n meet_v at_o ticinum_n now_o pavia_n in_o which_o battle_n the_o consul_n be_v wound_v be_v sauâ—d_v by_o the_o great_a valour_n of_o his_o young_a son_n afterward_o callâ—d_v africanus_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n be_v defeat_v especial_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o numidian_a cavalry_n who_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o his_o rear_n soon_o after_o this_o defeat_n sempronius_n the_o other_o consul_n out_o of_o sicily_n joynâ—d_n scipio_n at_o the_o river_n trebia_n sempronius_n have_v be_v successful_a in_o some_o skirmish_n resoluâ—d_v to_o give_v the_o enemy_n battle_n before_o too_o many_o of_o the_o gaul_n be_v joynâ—d_v he_o though_o scipio_n be_v much_o against_o it_o who_o be_v now_o lay_v up_o of_o his_o wound_n hannibal_n know_v the_o gaul_n to_o be_v all_o at_o his_o devotion_n and_o find_v his_o own_o man_n fresh_a and_o vigorous_a endeavour_v at_o nothing_o more_o than_o a_o battle_n upon_o the_o nigh_o approach_v of_o these_o army_n hannibal_n convey_v 1000_o choice_a horse_n into_o a_o private_a place_n and_o another_o party_n he_o send_v to_o brave_a the_o roman_n before_o they_o can_v provide_v against_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o meat_n or_o drink_n so_o that_o engage_v with_o cold_a and_o hunger_n pass_v the_o river_n up_o to_o the_o armpit_n and_o be_v unexpected_o charge_v both_o in_o front_n and_o rear_n they_o be_v entire_o defeat_v though_o not_o without_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n through_o who_o rank_n 10000_o desperate_o break_v and_o escape_v to_o placentia_n 26000_o be_v either_o slay_v take_v or_o drown_v in_o the_o river_n the_o carthaginian_n have_v do_v what_o they_o be_v able_a in_o pursue_v retire_v to_o their_o camp_n so_o stupefy_v with_o cold_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o sensible_a of_o their_o victory_n for_o rain_v mix_v with_o snow_n and_o intolerable_a cold_a kill_v many_o of_o their_o man_n and_o almost_o all_o their_o beast_n and_o elephant_n thus_o hannibal_n be_v now_o as_o successful_a in_o his_o battle_n as_o before_o he_o have_v be_v dare_v in_o his_o march_n the_o roman_n never_o
have_v meet_v with_o a_o more_o formidable_a enemy_n or_o a_o more_o expert_a general_n ii_o the_o loss_n of_o these_o two_o battle_n cause_v the_o roman_n to_o be_v more_o diligent_a in_o the_o preparation_n for_o the_o 537._o next_o campaign_n for_o the_o manage_n of_o which_o c._n flaminius_n and_o servilius_n geminus_n be_v choose_v consul_n the_o former_a of_o these_o have_v a_o good_a faculty_n of_o speak_v but_o no_o great_a skill_n in_o war._n hannibal_n have_v all_o this_o while_n keep_v in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o gaul_n where_o he_o have_v recruit_v and_o strengthen_v his_o army_n now_o resolve_v to_o change_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n and_o march_v into_o hetruria_n and_o after_o some_o consultation_n about_o the_o way_n thither_o he_o fix_v upon_o that_o of_o the_o fen_n as_o short_a and_o unexpected_a to_o the_o enemy_n though_o far_o more_o difficult_a to_o pass_v here_o they_o find_v a_o miserable_a passage_n be_v force_v to_o march_v three_o or_o four_o day_n and_o night_n through_o nothing_o but_o water_n without_o any_o sleep_n or_o rest_v which_o sore_o distress_v his_o man_n many_o of_o the_o beast_n be_v leave_v dead_a in_o the_o mud_n and_o the_o hoof_n come_v off_o the_o horse_n foot_n hannibal_n himself_o ride_v upon_o a_o elephant_n which_o be_v the_o only_a one_o leave_v alive_a escape_v with_o his_o life_n but_o get_v intolerable_a pain_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o lose_v one_o of_o they_o entire_o be_v at_o last_o arrive_v upon_o dry_a ground_n and_o understanding_n flaminius_n fiery_a temper_n the_o better_a to_o entrap_v he_o he_o pass_v by_o his_o camp_n and_o march_v far_o into_o the_o country_n waste_v it_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n this_o enrage_v flaminius_n who_o think_v himself_o slight_v and_o despise_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o when_o he_o be_v advise_v by_o some_o to_o use_v great_a caution_n and_o not_o rash_o pursue_v especial_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o enemy_n cavalry_n but_o above_o all_o thing_n to_o stay_v for_o the_o conjunction_n of_o his_o collegue_n force_n he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n bear_v their_o word_n but_o rise_v with_o all_o his_o troop_n he_o begin_v his_o march_n as_o if_o nothing_o have_v be_v more_o certain_a than_o the_o victory_n his_o army_n be_v follow_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o rabble_n lade_v with_o chain_n bond_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o prisoner_n and_o booty_n hannibal_n be_v now_o at_o a_o lake_n callâ—d_v thrasimene_n nigh_o which_o be_v certain_a mountain_n and_o between_o they_o and_o the_o lake_n be_v a_o narrow_a passage_n lead_v to_o a_o valley_n just_a by_o encompass_v with_o a_o ridge_n of_o hill_n these_o hill_n hannibal_n make_v choice_n of_o place_v and_o dispose_v his_o man_n round_o about_o so_o that_o when_o flaminius_n follow_v he_o into_o the_o valley_n he_o be_v immediate_o hem_v in_o and_o attack_v on_o all_o side_n to_o the_o cut_n off_o of_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n and_o this_o be_v do_v almost_o 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the_o roman_n and_o force_v the_o rest_n to_o a_o hill_n where_o they_o yield_v themselves_o prisoner_n the_o roman_n be_v now_o in_o a_o great_a consternation_n at_o these_o vast_a loss_n and_o upon_o mature_a deliberation_n they_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o have_v a_o general_n with_o absolute_a authority_n whereupon_o they_o resolve_v upon_o a_o dictator_n which_o be_v fabius_n maximus_n a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a wisdom_n and_o experience_n 537._o in_o who_o be_v a_o happy_a mixture_n of_o caution_n and_o boldness_n he_o make_v choice_n of_o minutius_n rufus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o be_v of_o a_o temper_n more_o hot_a and_o violent_a than_o himself_o have_v make_v what_o preparation_n he_o be_v able_a he_o set_v forward_o to_o meet_v hannibal_n with_o little_a intention_n to_o fight_v he_o but_o rather_o to_o wait_v his_o motion_n straiten_v his_o quarter_n and_o cut_v off_o his_o provision_n which_o he_o know_v will_v be_v the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o ruin_v he_o in_o a_o country_n so_o far_o from_o his_o own_o he_o always_o encamp_v on_o the_o high_a ground_n free_a from_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o enemy_n cavalry_n still_o keep_v pace_n with_o they_o when_o they_o march_v he_o follow_v â—em_v when_o they_o encamp_v he_o do_v the_o same_o but_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o not_o to_o be_v force_v to_o engage_v by_o which_o mean_n he_o give_v they_o no_o rest_n but_o keep_v they_o in_o a_o continual_a alarm_n this_o cautious_a way_n of_o proceed_v which_o get_v he_o the_o name_n of_o cunctator_n make_v most_n man_n suspect_v his_o courage_n except_o hannibal_n himself_o who_o be_v extreme_o trouble_v and_o enrage_v at_o it_o use_v all_o possible_a artifices_fw-la to_o make_v fabius_n and_o his_o action_n become_v despicable_a sometime_o by_o brave_v he_o in_o his_o camp_n and_o other_o time_n by_o waste_v the_o country_n round_o he_o soon_o after_o hannibal_n design_v for_o casinum_n be_v by_o a_o mistake_v conduct_v to_o casilinum_n nigh_o campania_n where_o enter_v a_o valley_n environ_v with_o mountain_n fabius_n detach_v 4000_o choice_a man_n who_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o entrance_n and_o with_o another_o party_n cut_v off_o 800_o of_o his_o rear_n put_v his_o whole_a army_n into_o some_o disorder_n hannibal_n find_v himself_o block_v up_o and_o in_o a_o dangerous_a condition_n one_o night_n he_o order_v small_a faggot_n and_o light_a torch_n to_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o horn_n of_o 2000_o ox_n which_o by_o their_o toss_v their_o horn_n and_o scatter_v the_o fire_n so_o fright_v the_o party_n that_o guard_v the_o entrance_n that_o they_o quit_v their_o post_n and_o by_o this_o stratagem_n hannibal_n draw_v off_o his_o army_n and_o escape_v though_o with_o considerable_a damage_n to_o his_o rear_n this_o action_n though_o excellent_o well_o manage_v by_o fabiu_n procure_v many_o complaint_n against_o he_o and_o hannibal_n to_o improve_v their_o hatred_n ravage_v the_o country_n about_o but_o careful_o spare_v fabiusâ—s_a land_n to_o render_v he_o suspect_v of_o a_o secret_a correspondence_n with_o he_o these_o suspicion_n and_o fabius_n want_n of_o courage_n as_o his_o man_n belieuâ—d_v prove_v so_o prejudicial_a to_o he_o that_o in_o his_o absence_n soon_o after_o minutius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n have_v skirmish_v with_o some_o success_n procure_v so_o much_o favour_n from_o the_o multitude_n that_o his_o power_n be_v make_v equal_a with_o the_o dictator_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n beyond_o all_o example_n minutius_n be_v so_o exalt_v with_o his_o late_a success_n and_o this_o new_a honour_n that_o he_o resolve_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o persuasion_n of_o fabius_n to_o engage_v hannibal_n with_o his_o part_n of_o his_o army_n which_o he_o do_v where_o he_o be_v cunning_o draw_v in_o by_o hannibal_n to_o a_o disadvantageous_a place_n and_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v entire_o defeat_v when_o fabius_n who_o have_v be_v a_o careful_a observer_n of_o this_o action_n from_o a_o eminence_n in_o his_o camp_n come_v in_o and_o fall_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o extraordinary_a skill_n and_o courage_n soon_o force_v they_o to_o retreat_n and_o save_v minutius_n hannibal_n after_o this_o battle_n tell_v his_o friend_n that_o he_o think_v the_o cloud_n which_o have_v so_o long_o hover_v upon_o the_o mountain_n will_v some_o time_n break_v upon_o they_o with_o a_o storm_n as_o for_o minutius_n he_o be_v so_o far_o convince_v of_o his_o former_a rashness_n that_o he_o confess_v his_o error_n to_o fabius_n who_o he_o now_o call_v his_o father_n and_o renounce_v his_o new_a power_n again_o subject_v his_o office_n free_o to_o the_o dictatorship_n soon_o after_o fabius_n time_n be_v expire_v 538._o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n of_o consul_n which_o be_v
veturius_n philo_n and_o pomponius_n matho_n be_v his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o new_a consul_n be_v aemilius_n paulus_n and_o terentius_n varro_n the_o former_a a_o prudent_a experienced_a person_n the_o latter_a a_o hot_a rash_a and_o inconsiderate_a man._n these_o have_v gather_v together_o a_o army_n of_o 80000_o foot_n and_o 6000_o horse_n which_o give_v great_a hope_n to_o the_o people_n but_o raise_v as_o great_a fear_n in_o some_o of_o the_o wise_a sort_n especial_o fabius_n who_o with_o all_o the_o powerful_a argument_n imaginable_a advise_v aemilius_n to_o beware_v of_o the_o policy_n of_o hannibal_n and_o the_o rashness_n of_o varro_n both_o army_n meet_v at_o a_o village_n in_o apulia_n call_v cannae_n where_o varro_n resolve_v to_o engage_v contrary_a to_o aemilius_n advice_n the_o enemy_n be_v about_o 40000_o foot_n and_o 20000_o horse_n this_o battle_n be_v fight_v with_o dreadful_a fury_n on_o both_o side_n and_o hannibal_n have_v place_v his_o man_n with_o all_o possible_a skill_n and_o art_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o only_o force_v to_o fight_v with_o wind_n dust_n and_o sun_n but_o press_v forward_o be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n almost_o surround_v in_o short_a the_o ability_n of_o the_o punic_a general_n at_o this_o time_n be_v more_o apparent_a than_o ever_o who_o more_o overmatched_a they_o in_o skill_n than_o they_o exceed_v he_o in_o number_n make_v a_o most_o miserable_a slaughter_n of_o the_o roman_n till_o quite_o weary_v out_o he_o command_v his_o soldier_n to_o give_v over_o aemilius_z be_v find_v desperate_o wound_v by_o lentulus_n a_o colonel_n who_o offer_v he_o his_o horse_n to_o fly_v but_o the_o consul_n with_o weep_a eye_n desire_v he_o to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o himself_o and_o go_v tell_v fabius_n that_o he_o have_v follow_v his_o direction_n to_o the_o last_o but_o fate_n have_v conquer_v he_o and_o then_o fall_v among_o the_o dead_a body_n he_o expire_v in_o this_o battle_n the_o roman_n lose_v 50000_o men._n polybius_n say_v 70000_o 2_o quaestor_n 21_o tribune_n 80_o of_o senatorian_a order_n and_o so_o many_o equites_fw-la or_o knight_n that_o it_o be_v say_v that_o three_o bushel_n of_o their_o ring_n be_v send_v to_o carthage_n the_o enemy_n have_v lose_v but_o 5700_o men._n never_o be_v any_o thing_n so_o terrible_a and_o dreadful_a to_o rome_n as_o the_o news_n of_o this_o fatal_a defeat_n never_o be_v the_o city_n so_o sad_o fill_v with_o terror_n and_o tumult_n and_o never_o be_v a_o more_o universal_a mourn_a and_o lamentation_n throughout_o all_o the_o street_n than_o at_o this_o time_n the_o citizen_n be_v all_o in_o a_o uproar_v and_o consternation_n and_o the_o senator_n themselves_o in_o great_a trouble_n and_o confusion_n be_v extreme_o disturb_v in_o their_o debate_n by_o the_o dismal_a outcry_n of_o miserable_a woman_n tear_v their_o hair_n and_o beat_v their_o breast_n after_o a_o sad_a and_o deplorable_a manner_n a_o dictater_n upon_o this_o be_v create_v which_o be_v m._n junius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v t._n sempronius_n 538._o and_o order_n be_v immediate_o give_v to_o keep_v all_o the_o woman_n from_o come_v abroad_o into_o the_o street_n the_o senator_n themselves_o go_v from_o house_n to_o house_n to_o comfort_n and_o appease_v they_o what_o they_o can_v great_a care_n be_v likewise_o take_v to_o set_v strict_a guard_n at_o the_o gate_n to_o keep_v all_o person_n from_o abandon_v the_o city_n and_o to_o make_v all_o people_n see_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o possible_a meanu_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o but_o by_o brave_o defend_v the_o wall_n in_o a_o short_a time_n varro_n arriuâ—d_v at_o rome_n with_o the_o weak_a and_o totter_a relic_n of_o his_o army_n and_o though_o he_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o this_o defeat_n yet_o the_o roman_n out_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a greatness_n of_o mind_n go_v out_o to_o meet_v he_o in_o multitude_n and_o the_o senate_n return_v he_o thanks_o for_o that_o he_o have_v not_o despair_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n notwithstanding_o the_o vast_a loss_n sustain_v by_o hannibal_n and_o the_o revolt_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n immediate_o after_o this_o last_o defeat_n the_o roman_n will_v never_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v peace_n whereas_o as_o livy_n say_v no_o nation_n under_o heaven_n but_o will_v have_v faint_v and_o have_v suffer_v themselves_o to_o have_v be_v overwhelm_v and_o crush_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o mighty_a a_o disaster_n iii_o thus_o far_o be_v hannibal_n extraordinary_a successful_a and_o have_v he_o make_v the_o best_a use_n of_o this_o his_o last_o victory_n by_o march_v direct_o to_o rome_n he_o may_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o war_n and_o roman_a state_n at_o once_o but_o this_o great_a soldier_n as_o maharbal_n captain_n of_o his_o horse_n tell_v he_o know_v perfect_o how_o to_o gain_v a_o victory_n but_o not_o how_o to_o use_v and_o improve_v it_o for_o his_o careless_a manner_n of_o proceed_v that_o summer_n give_v the_o roman_n a_o opportunity_n of_o recover_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v almost_o reduce_v to_o a_o despair_a condition_n and_o now_o they_o be_v inspire_v with_o new_a courage_n and_o new_a resolution_n of_o prosecute_a the_o war_n without_o faint_v make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n for_o another_o campaign_n arm_v of_o several_a thousand_o of_o slave_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o senate_n which_o want_v 177_o person_n this_o last_o be_v do_v by_o fabius_n buteo_n a_o dictator_n 539._o create_v for_o that_o purpose_n without_o any_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o that_o before_o the_o last_o dictator_n be_v out_o of_o office_n who_o be_v then_o abroad_o but_o that_o which_o prouâ—d_v most_o fatal_a to_o hannibal_n be_v his_o winter_v in_o capua_n a_o most_o wealthy_a and_o luxurious_a city_n which_o among_o many_o other_o place_n have_v surrender_v itself_o to_o he_o since_o his_o last_o victory_n heâ—â—â—e_v utter_o spoil_v a_o excellent_a and_o hardy_a army_n which_o now_o be_v so_o enfeeble_v and_o enervate_v by_o their_o immoderate_a use_n of_o the_o pleasure_n and_o effeminateness_n of_o that_o place_n that_o ever_o after_o his_o man_n become_v impatient_a of_o labour_n and_o the_o ancient_a military_a discipline_n so_o that_o capua_n become_v a_o cannae_n to_o hannibalâ—s_n â—s_z soldier_n and_o now_o hannibal_n fortune_n begin_v to_o change_v for_o in_o the_o next_o campaign_n he_o be_v worsted_n in_o a_o sally_n out_o of_o nola_n by_o marcellus_n the_o praetor_n and_o repulse_v at_o casilinum_n after_o he_o have_v bring_v the_o place_n to_o great_a extremity_n and_o not_o long_o after_o marcellus_n give_v he_o a_o considerable_a repulse_v nigh_o nola_n which_o give_v the_o roman_n mighty_a hope_n of_o far_a success_n in_o spain_n the_o scipio_n manage_v the_o war_n with_o great_a success_n overthrow_v hanno_n and_o gain_v much_o ground_n and_o likewise_o defeat_v asdrubal_n who_o but_o just_a before_o have_v be_v order_v by_o the_o senate_n of_o carthage_n to_o go_v for_o italy_n and_o join_v hannibal_n which_o design_n by_o this_o mean_n be_v break_v in_o sicily_n and_o sardinia_n though_o several_a attempt_n be_v make_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o some_o revolt_v happen_v yet_o affair_n succeed_v prosperous_o especial_o in_o sardinia_n where_o a_o battle_n be_v fight_v and_o 12000_o carthaginian_n kill_v and_o many_o take_v prisoner_n among_o who_o be_v asdrubal_n hanno_n and_o mago_n all_o person_n of_o the_o high_a quality_n rome_n now_o have_v the_o misfortune_n of_o have_v enemy_n on_o all_o side_n of_o she_o and_o in_o all_o part_n of_o her_o dominion_n and_o territory_n so_o that_o the_o vigour_n and_o diligence_n of_o her_o inhabitant_n be_v certain_o very_o admirable_a in_o send_v recruit_n and_o supply_n into_o spain_n sicily_n and_o sardinia_n those_o distant_a country_n with_o the_o same_o care_n as_o against_o hannibal_n himself_o but_o what_o be_v a_o great_a instance_n of_o the_o roman_a courage_n and_o magnanimity_n be_v their_o proclaim_v war_n with_o philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n in_o greece_n not_o long_o after_o their_o dreadful_a defeat_n at_o cannae_n for_o his_o make_v a_o league_n with_o hannibal_n and_o their_o venture_v to_o invade_v his_o dominion_n which_o they_o do_v with_o good_a success_n about_o this_o time_n claudius_n centho_n be_v create_v dictator_n for_o hold_v the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o consul_n absence_n for_o a_o new_a election_n 541._o and_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v fulvius_n flaccus_n the_o affair_n of_o sicily_n be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n alter_v by_o the_o death_n of_o hiero_n king_n of_o syracuse_n and_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o grandson_n hieronymus_n not_o long_o after_o which_o cause_v great_a faction_n in_o that_o city_n the_o prevail_a faction_n prove_v enemy_n to_o rome_n marcellus_n be_v send_v thither_o who_o besiege_v the_o great_a
the_o army_n he_o either_o force_v or_o by_o former_a agreement_n bring_v albinus_n to_o submit_v upon_o most_o dishonourable_a term_n in_o this_o condition_n do_v metellus_n the_o follow_a consul_n find_v affair_n and_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v almost_o ruin_v for_o want_n of_o discipline_n to_o the_o great_a dishonour_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n and_o the_o grievous_a vexation_n of_o the_o honest_a sort_n in_o the_o city_n metellus_n have_v with_o much_o difficulty_n bring_v his_o soldier_n into_o good_a order_n within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n overthrow_v jugurth_n several_a time_n force_v he_o out_o of_o several_a town_n and_o pursue_v he_o beyond_o her_o own_o frontier_n which_o constrain_v he_o to_o submit_v and_o beg_v peace_n but_o he_o in_o a_o short_a time_n break_v the_o condition_n of_o it_o and_o so_o the_o former_a hostility_n return_v at_o this_o time_n one_o c._n marius_n be_v legatus_fw-la or_o lieutenant_n to_o mâ—tellus_n a_o person_n of_o frugality_n policy_n and_o military_a experience_n and_o of_o vast_a courage_n in_o war_n a_o contemner_n of_o pleasure_n but_o very_o ambitious_a of_o honour_n which_o make_v he_o extreme_o desirous_a to_o gain_v the_o consulship_n to_o obtain_v this_o he_o private_o blame_v metellus_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o utica_n avow_v that_o he_o be_v able_a with_o half_a the_o army_n to_o take_v jugurth_n prisoner_n and_o that_o within_o few_o day_n by_o these_o and_o the_o like_a detract_n discourse_n he_o procure_v many_o complaint_n to_o be_v write_v to_o rome_n against_o metellus_n and_o get_v leave_n to_o go_v thither_o obtain_v the_o consulship_n and_o have_v likewise_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n commit_v to_o he_o notwithstanding_o the_o people_n be_v so_o grateful_a to_o metellus_n that_o at_o his_o return_n be_v satisfy_v as_o to_o his_o behaviour_n they_o both_o grant_v he_o a_o triumph_n and_o bestow_v upon_o he_o the_o surname_n of_o numidicus_n as_o a_o additional_a honour_n marius_n show_v himself_o a_o very_a expert_a warrior_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n take_v the_o city_n capsa_n a_o place_n very_o rich_a and_o strong_a and_o after_o this_o another_o call_v mulucha_n `fugurth_o now_o find_v himself_o too_o weak_a to_o oppose_v he_o any_o long_o procure_v bocchus_n king_n of_o mauritania_n and_o his_o father-in-law_n to_o join_v with_o he_o who_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o numerous_a cavalry_n much_o harass_v the_o roman_a army_n marius_n have_v invest_v cirta_n and_o bocchus_n approach_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n partly_o by_o the_o number_n of_o his_o horse_n report_v to_o be_v 60000_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o violent_a heat_n and_o great_a dust_n the_o roman_n be_v sore_o distress_a and_o the_o fight_n continue_v dangerous_a and_o terrible_a to_o they_o for_o three_o day_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o a_o tempest_n of_o rain_n fall_v spoil_v the_o enemy_n weapon_n and_o relieuâ—d_v marius_n man_n almost_o famish_a with_o thirst_n and_o now_o the_o course_n of_o fortune_n change_v the_o two_o king_n be_v entire_o defeat_v in_o another_o battle_n marius_n it_o be_v say_v kill_v 90000_o after_o which_o bocchus_n begin_v to_o repent_v of_o his_o enterprise_n and_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n which_o he_o can_v not_o procure_v nevertheless_o he_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o his_o crime_n not_o long_o after_o marius_n take_v jugurth_n in_o a_o ambuscade_n whither_o he_o have_v draw_v he_o by_o specious_a pretence_n and_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o sylla_n his_o quaestor_n who_o have_v bring_v over_o some_o force_n from_o italy_n and_o under_o marius_n he_o learn_v that_o skill_n in_o war_n which_o he_o afterward_o employ_v against_o he_o jugurth_n with_o his_o two_o son_n be_v lead_v in_o triumph_n by_o marius_n and_o short_o after_o by_o order_n of_o senate_n he_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o so_o the_o jugurthine_n war_n end_v after_o it_o have_v continue_v about_o seven_o year_n iii_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o war_n be_v carry_v on_o against_o the_o cimbri_n a_o vagabond_n people_n of_o cimbrica_n chersonesus_n now_o call_v denmark_n who_o join_v with_o the_o teutones_n a_o nation_n of_o the_o german_n make_v dreadful_a eruption_n into_o several_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a dominion_n particular_o gaul_n and_o spain_n where_o they_o have_v overthrow_v several_a consul_n in_o the_o last_o battle_n kill_v 80000_o roman_n after_o which_o they_o resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o alps_o into_o italy_n rome_n begin_v now_o to_o be_v in_o a_o great_a consternation_n and_o marius_n have_v just_a vanquish_a jugurtha_n 650._o they_o make_v he_o consul_n a_o â—d_a time_n as_o the_o only_a man_n think_v able_a to_o manage_n so_o threaten_v a_o war_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o state_n while_o they_o continue_v in_o spain_n marius_n march_v against_o their_o friend_n the_o tolosan_n in_o gaul_n where_o king_n copilus_fw-la be_v take_v by_o sylla_n his_o lieutenant_n be_v make_v consul_n again_o the_o follow_a year_n he_o decline_v fight_v till_o the_o enemy_n force_n be_v weaken_v by_o delay_n the_o next_o year_n in_o his_o four_o consulship_n the_o enemy_n in_o three_o several_a party_n be_v just_a upon_o pass_v the_o alps_o into_o italy_n and_o as_o he_o attend_v their_o motion_n it_o happen_v that_o his_o army_n be_v extreme_o afflict_v with_o thirst_n the_o teutones_n and_o ambrones_n lie_v between_o they_o and_o the_o water_n which_o necessity_n bring_v he_o to_o a_o engagement_n with_o they_o and_o in_o two_o day_n time_n he_o by_o his_o excellent_a conduct_n utter_o destroy_v they_o take_v theutobocchus_n their_o king_n prisoner_n the_o cimbri_n escape_v he_o and_o flee_v over_o into_o italy_n notwithstanding_o the_o winter-season_n and_o the_o alps_o cover_v with_o snow_n be_v in_o vain_a oppose_v by_o catulus_n both_o at_o the_o alps_o and_o at_o the_o river_n athesis_n nigh_o verona_n the_o year_n follow_v marius_n be_v again_o make_v consul_n and_o join_v with_o catulus_n be_v challenge_v by_o the_o enemy_n to_o give_v battle_n whereupon_o he_o fall_v upon_o their_o numerous_a army_n and_o give_v they_o a_o most_o dreadful_a overthrow_n their_o wife_n all_o the_o while_n make_v a_o wonderful_a resistance_n from_o the_o chariot_n and_o when_o they_o see_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o desperate_a condition_n they_o in_o a_o great_a fury_n first_o kill_v all_o their_o child_n and_o after_o that_o themselves_o about_o 140000_o be_v slay_v in_o this_o battle_n and_o 60000_o take_v prisoner_n which_o end_v this_o war_n after_o it_o have_v continue_v 12_o year_n marius_n the_o five_o time_n and_o aquilius_n nepos_n be_v consul_n the_o former_a be_v then_o esteem_v the_o preserver_n of_o his_o country_n and_o content_v himself_o with_o one_o triumph_n when_o he_o may_v have_v have_v more_o and_o his_o colleague_n have_v now_o also_o finish_v the_o second_o servile_a war_n in_o sicily_n which_o have_v last_v almost_o four_o year_n notwithstanding_o these_o danger_n abroad_o the_o city_n be_v not_o without_o domestic_a trouble_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o saturninus_n one_o of_o marius_n friend_n who_o have_v be_v quaestor_n at_o ostia_n during_o a_o famine_n be_v turn_v out_o of_o his_o place_n by_o the_o senate_n to_o revenge_v which_o usage_n he_o procure_v the_o tribune-ship_n but_o after_o his_o year_n be_v expire_v metellus_n numidicus_n former_o mention_v be_v censor_n endeavour_v to_o remove_v he_o from_o the_o senate_n but_o be_v hinder_v by_o his_o colleague_n this_o so_o enrage_v he_o that_o he_o stand_v again_o for_o the_o tribunâ—-ship_n and_o nine_o of_o the_o ten_o tribune_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o marius_n he_o murder_v nonius_n his_o competitor_n and_o so_o obtain_v the_o place_n now_o be_v once_o again_o in_o power_n he_o prefer_v a_o law_n for_o the_o division_n of_o such_o land_n as_o marius_n have_v recover_v in_o gaul_n and_o compel_v the_o senate_n to_o swear_v to_o it_o which_o oath_n numidicus_n refuse_v he_o set_v he_o a_o day_n to_o answer_v it_o before_o the_o people_n but_o for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o marius_n together_o numidicus_n flee_v to_o smyrna_n in_o asia_n saturninus_z procure_v the_o tribuneship_n a_o three_o time_n and_o find_v memmius_n candidate_n for_o the_o consulship_n he_o also_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v murder_v to_o make_v way_n for_o glaucius_n the_o praetor_n one_o of_o his_o own_o party_n these_o base_a and_o ungenerous_a practice_n raise_v several_a trouble_n and_o commotion_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o senate_n resoluâ—d_v to_o make_v he_o answer_v it_o whereupon_o marius_n now_o a_o six_o time_n consul_n perceive_v he_o in_o a_o decline_a condition_n very_o politic_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o his_o friendship_n the_o consul_n be_v now_o as_o in_o some_o other_o dangerous_a time_n invest_v with_o a_o unusual_a and_o dictatorian_a sort_n of_o power_n the_o manner_n of_o confer_v of_o which_o be_v by_o a_o
also_o perform_v many_o great_a action_n overthrow_v the_o samnite_n and_o storm_a two_o of_o their_o camp_n which_o success_n so_o elevate_v he_o that_o he_o immediate_o stand_v for_o the_o consulship_n and_o obtain_v it_o have_v the_o honour_n likewise_o of_o finish_v this_o dangerous_a war_n nigh_o three_o year_n after_o it_o be_v begin_v a_o war_n so_o destructive_a that_o it_o consume_v above_o â—00000_n of_o the_o youth_n of_o italy_n according_a to_o paterculus_n this_o war_n be_v end_v with_o a_o disturbance_n in_o the_o city_n about_o usury_n and_o the_o unexpected_a privilege_n of_o the_o conquer_a italian_n who_o have_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n give_v they_o just_a as_o the_o other_o have_v a_o short_a time_n before_o and_o so_o all_o thing_n be_v happy_o quiet_v v._o but_o quiet_a and_o peace_n be_v too_o great_a a_o happiness_n for_o rome_n at_o this_o time_n 666._o for_o the_o social_n war_n be_v scarce_o finish_v when_o two_o other_o break_v out_o one_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o other_o this_o first_o be_v with_o mithridates_n king_n of_o pontus_n in_o asia_n minor_n a_o prince_n famous_a for_o his_o knowledge_n and_o learning_n mighty_a in_o riches_n and_o power_n of_o a_o boundless_a ambition_n and_o a_o former_a of_o vast_a design_n this_o king_n by_o several_a action_n have_v gain_v the_o enmity_n of_o ronie_n particular_o by_o procure_v tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n to_o declare_v against_o the_o roman_a state_n and_o by_o his_o overrun_v his_o neighbour_n the_o bithynian_o phrygian_n mysias_n lycian_n pamphylian_o and_o other_o ally_n of_o rome_n and_o which_o be_v more_o provoke_v than_o all_o the_o rest_n he_o have_v take_v q._n opius_n and_o aquilius_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o he_o kill_v by_o pour_v melt_v gold_n down_o his_o throat_n continual_o upbraid_v the_o roman_n with_o avarice_n and_o corruption_n upon_o all_o these_o account_n the_o roman_n proclaim_v war_n against_o he_o and_o sylla_n and_o pompeius_n rufus_n be_v consul_n it_o fall_v to_o the_o former_n share_n to_o undertake_v it_o but_o sylla_n have_v not_o yet_o quite_o finish_v the_o social_n war_n marius_n stir_v by_o the_o desire_n either_o of_o profit_n or_o of_o honour_n persuade_v sulpicius_n tribune_n of_o the_o people_n of_o prefer_v a_o law_n for_o transfer_v the_o management_n of_o this_o war_n from_o sylla_n to_o he_o he_o make_v what_o party_n he_o can_v and_o draw_v the_o people_n of_o italy_n to_o his_o side_n who_o have_v late_o be_v make_v free_a of_o the_o city_n by_o promise_v they_o equal_a privilege_n with_o those_o in_o the_o 35_o tribe_n which_o as_o yet_o they_o want_v so_o that_o matter_n be_v carry_v on_o with_o violent_a heat_n and_o contention_n and_o pompey_n son_n and_o son-in-law_n to_o sylla_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o tumult_n and_o disturbance_n sylla_n hear_v of_o these_o dangerous_a commotion_n hasten_v to_o the_o city_n easy_o persuade_v his_o army_n to_o stand_v by_o he_o in_o all_o exigency_n for_o they_o be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o have_v any_o other_o go_v on_o that_o expedition_n from_o which_o they_o promise_v themselves_o such_o great_a advantage_n his_o colleague_n pompey_n join_v with_o he_o and_o though_o marius_n and_o sulpicius_n the_o tribune_n make_v all_o possible_a opposition_n yet_o after_o some_o difficulty_n and_o bloodshed_n they_o enter_v d_o the_o city_n and_o marius_n with_o his_o accomplice_n be_v force_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n and_o thus_o begin_v the_o other_o war_n which_o be_v the_o first_o civil_a war_n of_o any_o note_n among_o the_o roman_n as_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o gracchi_n be_v the_o first_o in_o which_o there_o have_v be_v any_o bloodshed_n of_o note_n sylla_n do_v no_o injury_n to_o the_o citizen_n in_o general_n but_o reverse_v all_o that_o sulpicius_n have_v do_v regulate_v the_o senate_n procure_v marius_n sulpicius_n and_o ten_o other_o lead_v man_n to_o be_v declare_v open_a enemy_n to_o their_o country_n make_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o person_n to_o kill_v they_o and_o set_v their_o good_n to_o public_a sale_n short_o after_o this_o he_o depart_v upon_o his_o expedition_n against_o mithridates_n who_o now_o have_v very_o much_o extend_v his_o conquest_n even_o to_o the_o subdue_a a_o great_a part_n of_o greece_n itself_o sulpicius_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n but_o marius_n hide_v himself_o in_o the_o fen_n of_o minturnum_n where_o be_v discover_v a_o gaul_n be_v send_v to_o kill_v he_o but_o he_o be_v so_o dash_v and_o amaze_v at_o the_o nobleness_n of_o his_o presence_n that_o he_o can_v not_o perform_v his_o order_n so_o that_o marius_n be_v convey_v out_o of_o that_o place_n escape_v into_o africa_n where_o he_o be_v join_v by_o cethegus_n and_o other_o who_o have_v flee_v into_o numidia_n expect_v a_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o invade_v their_o own_o country_n pompeius_n rufus_n the_o consul_n to_o secure_a italy_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n appoint_v to_o receive_v and_o command_v the_o army_n of_o pompeius_n strabo_n who_o have_v do_v great_a service_n in_o the_o social_n war_n and_o have_v so_o far_o gain_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o man_n that_o they_o find_v they_o be_v like_a to_o part_v with_o their_o old_a general_n stand_v up_o and_o slay_v the_o counsul_n himself_o so_o that_o now_o there_o be_v great_a danger_n and_o disturbance_n in_o all_o part_n cornelius_z cinna_z and_o c._n octavius_n be_v make_v consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n cinna_n corrupt_v as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n immediate_o declare_v himself_o for_o the_o new_a citizen_n and_o recall_v d_o marius_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o exile_n which_o action_n be_v so_o violent_o oppose_v by_o his_o colleague_n octavius_n that_o cinna_n be_v by_o force_n drive_v from_o the_o city_n and_o merula_n put_v in_o his_o place_n cinna_n upon_o this_o go_v about_o to_o the_o italian_a people_n by_o give_v they_o fresh_a hope_n of_o 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find_v they_o can_v not_o recall_v sylla_n from_o country_n so_o far_o distant_a send_v to_o metellus_n then_o lie_v with_o a_o army_n in_o samnium_n but_o he_o differ_v with_o they_o about_o some_o condition_n short_o after_o join_v himself_o with_o marius_n at_o which_o time_n the_o city_n be_v nigh_o be_v betray_v by_o ap._n claudius_n a_o tribune_n of_o the_o army_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o command_n of_o the_o janiculum_n but_o though_o he_o and_o cinna_n break_v in_o they_o be_v repel_v by_o octavius_n and_o pompeius_n strabo_n the_o proconsul_n who_o be_v short_o after_o kill_v with_o a_o thunderbolt_n marius_n after_o this_o take_v in_o several_a town_n about_o rome_n where_o provision_n lie_v and_o cinna_z by_o the_o fair_a promise_n of_o liberty_n draw_v great_a number_n of_o slave_n out_o of_o the_o city_n which_o the_o senate_n perceive_v dispatch_v ambassador_n to_o cinna_n and_o marius_n desire_v they_o to_o come_v into_o the_o city_n peaceable_o and_o spare_v 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all_o possible_a way_n and_o method_n to_o procure_v force_n and_o thus_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o summer_n spend_v in_o which_o time_n the_o capitol_n be_v burn_v down_o none_o know_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v do_v this_o happen_v about_o 430_o year_n after_o it_o be_v first_o build_v the_o follow_a year_n carbo_n a_o three_o time_n and_o young_a marius_n the_o son_n of_o the_o former_a be_v make_v consul_n the_o latter_a at_o 27_o year_n of_o age._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o campaign_n carbo_n lieutenant_n carinus_n be_v overthrow_v by_o metellus_n and_o marius_n himself_o by_o sylla_n marius_n be_v drive_v into_o praeneste_n where_o be_v close_o besiege_v and_o almost_o despair_v of_o relief_n he_o in_o a_o great_a rage_n write_v to_o brutus_n than_o praetor_n at_o rome_n to_o use_v some_o pretence_n to_o call_v the_o senate_n and_o then_o to_o kill_v the_o principal_a of_o they_o who_o be_v his_o enemy_n which_o order_n be_v execute_v with_o great_a cruelty_n so_o that_o 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martius_n man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o embrace_n of_o their_o wife_n child_n in_o the_o arm_n of_o their_o mother_n and_o liberty_n be_v give_v to_o the_o soldier_n to_o kill_v all_o they_o meet_v without_o distinction_n till_o furfidius_fw-la a_o little_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o his_o rage_n by_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o leave_v some_o to_o reign_v over_o sylla_n then_o publish_v table_n of_o proscription_n for_o particular_o person_n these_o be_v the_o first_o ever_o know_v in_o rome_n wherein_o be_v proscribe_v 80_o senator_n and_o 1600_o equites_fw-la to_o which_o he_o afterward_o add_v more_o promise_v great_a reward_n to_o the_o discoverer_n and_o threaten_a death_n to_o the_o concealer_n of_o they_o of_o these_o out-lawâ—d_a person_n some_o be_v slay_v in_o their_o house_n other_o in_o the_o street_n and_o other_o prostrate_v at_o his_o foot_n beg_v their_o life_n and_o those_o that_o flee_v their_o good_n be_v seize_v on_o marius_n brother_n to_o sylla_n great_a enemy_n have_v his_o eye_n first_o pull_v out_o than_o his_o hand_n and_o leg_n cut_v off_o at_o several_a time_n that_o he_o may_v die_v with_o the_o great_a torment_n â—_o julius_n caesar_n a_o young_a man_n of_o wonderful_a promise_a ability_n who_o have_v marry_v cinna_n daughter_n very_o hardly_o escape_v the_o common_a misery_n of_o these_o time_n of_o who_o sylla_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v after_o a_o prophetic_a manner_n that_o in_o caesar_n be_v many_o marius_n '_o s._n rome_n be_v not_o the_o only_a sufferer_n in_o these_o dreadful_a calamity_n for_o this_o proscription_n be_v carryâ—d_v throughout_o all_o the_o city_n of_o italy_n where_o the_o merciless_a effusion_n of_o blood_n be_v such_o that_o neither_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n nor_o all_o the_o sanctuary_n can_v afford_v protection_n to_o any_o man._n both_o the_o consul_n be_v now_o destroy_v sylla_n withdraw_v himself_o from_o the_o city_n and_o order_v the_o senate_n to_o create_v a_o inter-rex_a which_o they_o most_o willing_o do_v name_v valerius_n flaccus_n he_o write_v to_o he_o to_o ask_v the_o people_n that_o since_o affair_n be_v yet_o much_o unsettled_a a_o dictator_n may_v be_v create_v and_o that_o not_o for_o any_o limit_a time_n but_o till_o all_o public_a evil_n and_o grievance_n shall_v be_v redress_v not_o forget_v to_o mention_v himself_o this_o the_o people_n be_v constrain_v to_o yield_v to_o he_o have_v then_o all_o the_o power_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o so_o this_o office_n which_o have_v be_v intermit_v for_o 120_o year_n be_v confer_v on_o he_o without_o any_o limitation_n of_o time_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o first_o civil_a war_n in_o italy_n though_o not_o in_o all_o other_o place_n about_o 6_o year_n after_o it_o begin_v and_o four_o after_o the_o first_o marius_n death_n in_o the_o 672d_o year_n of_o the_o city_n in_o the_o 3d._a year_n of_o the_o 174th_o olympiad_n 427_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 248_o since_o the_o set_n up_o of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n and_o 80_o before_o our_o saviours_n nativity_n chap._n fourteen_o from_o the_o perpetual_a dictatorship_n of_o sylla_n to_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n namely_o that_o of_o caesar_n pompey_n and_o craâ—sus_n which_o prove_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n and_o the_o first_o step_v to_o the_o set_n up_o the_o imperial_a contain_v the_o space_n of_o 22_o year_n the_o government_n of_o rome_n be_v now_o for_o some_o space_n change_v to_o a_o monarchy_n 672._o sylla_n power_n be_v unlimited_a as_o to_o time_n and_o thoâ—_n to_o keep_v up_o a_o show_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n he_o permit_v consul_n to_o be_v make_v yet_o he_o plain_o reign_v alone_o have_v 24_o lictor_n with_o their_o fasces_fw-la and_o axe_n and_o a_o great_a guard_n constant_o to_o attend_v his_o person_n as_o the_o
sick_a man_n into_o bythinia_n whereof_o 15000_o be_v intercept_v and_o then_o to_o retire_v himself_o with_o the_o rest_n that_o can_v escape_v the_o great_a slaughter_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v in_o their_o flight_n during_o the_o time_n of_o this_o double_a siege_n eumachus_n one_o of_o mithridates_n commander_n make_v inroad_n into_o phrygia_n subdue_v pisidia_n and_o isauria_n and_o endeavour_v to_o do_v the_o like_a to_o cilicia_n till_o he_o be_v repulse_v by_o deiotarus_n one_o of_o the_o governor_n of_o galatia_n but_o lucullus_n improve_v his_o success_n by_o land_n by_o gain_v many_o victory_n at_o sea_n where_o he_o take_v several_a of_o mithridates_n commander_n and_o close_o pursue_v the_o king_n himself_o mithridates_n fly_v with_o more_o speed_n than_o discretion_n have_v be_v cast_v away_o but_o that_o he_o be_v receive_v into_o a_o pirate_n vessel_n to_o which_o he_o be_v glad_a to_o commit_v himself_o in_o so_o great_a a_o danger_n and_o at_o length_n after_o many_o difficulty_n get_v into_o his_o own_o kingdom_n whither_o lucullus_n pursue_v he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o bythinia_n and_o paphlagonia_n in_o in_o his_o way_n and_o this_o be_v his_o first_o year_n expedition_n mithridates_n make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n for_o resistance_n send_v to_o tigranes_n and_o other_o for_o aid_n and_o within_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n he_o get_v together_o 40000_o foot_n and_o 4000_o horse_n with_o which_o he_o once_o or_o twice_o gain_v some_o advantage_n over_o the_o roman_n and_o strike_v some_o terror_n into_o the_o soldier_n but_o lucullus_n find_v mean_n to_o cut_v offâ—_n most_o of_o his_o cavalry_n which_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o battle_n soon_o after_o so_o terrify_v he_o that_o he_o quit_v his_o kingdom_n and_o flee_v into_o armenia_n to_o tigranes_n who_o entertain_v he_o like_o a_o king_n but_o refuse_v to_o admit_v he_o to_o his_o presence_n all_o pontus_n except_o a_o few_o place_n yield_v to_o lucullus_n in_o a_o 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the_o prooonâ—ul_a in_o apulia_n a_o person_n of_o great_a nobility_n and_o riches_n and_o after_o many_o trouble_n and_o calamity_n in_o italy_n the_o war_n be_v end_v in_o the_o three_o year_n by_o he_o about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o lustrum_fw-la be_v perform_v in_o rome_n 450000_o free_a citizen_n be_v poll_v the_o city_n still_o increase_n in_o bulk_n and_o people_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o learning_n and_o politeness_n as_o well_o as_o corruption_n and_o faction_n lucullus_n 684._o have_v still_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n against_o mithridates_n follow_v he_o into_o armenia_n send_v to_o tigranes_n king_n of_o that_o country_n to_o demand_v he_o tigranes_n be_v a_o very_a powerful_a monarch_n have_v late_o conquer_a several_a nation_n and_o king_n which_o make_v he_o so_o intolerable_o proud_a that_o when_o he_o ride_v abroad_o he_o will_v have_v four_o of_o his_o subdue_v king_n run_v by_o his_o side_n like_o lackey_n and_o when_o he_o sit_v on_o his_o throne_n 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lucullus_n be_v out_o of_o his_o command_n mithridates_n recover_v almost_o all_o his_o kingdom_n and_o do_v much_o damage_n to_o cappâ—clocia_n glabrio_n not_o so_o much_o as_o come_n to_o his_o army_n but_o lie_v idle_a in_o bythinia_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n after_o lucullus_n have_v undertake_v the_o war._n iii_o 65â—_n about_o this_o time_n pompey_n begin_v to_o come_v into_o great_a esteem_n among_o the_o roman_n have_v now_o a_o new_a occasion_n of_o show_v his_o great_a ability_n in_o war_n which_o be_v this_o the_o pirate_n who_o have_v be_v first_o employ_v by_o mithridates_n find_v their_o profit_n so_o great_a have_v now_o get_v together_o many_o thousand_o of_o several_a nation_n make_v choice_n of_o cilicia_n for_o their_o rendezvous_n and_o see_v that_o the_o war_n continue_v they_o think_v it_o more_o wisdom_n to_o damnify_v other_o than_o lose_v their_o own_o estate_n they_o be_v now_o grow_v so_o numerous_a and_o powerful_a that_o
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city_n of_o cilicia_n and_o other_o place_n after_o which_o with_o some_o opposition_n he_o constrain_v the_o albanian_o and_o iberian_o to_o beg_v peace_n thus_o prosperous_a be_v this_o great_a commander_n 68â—_n who_o still_o design_v large_a and_o more_o glorious_a conquest_n and_o therefore_o pass_v over_o the_o vast_a mount_n taurus_n he_o march_v against_o darius_n the_o median_a and_o antiâ—chus_n king_n of_o syria_n for_o molest_v the_o roman_a ally_n or_o assist_v their_o enemy_n whereupon_o phraates_n king_n of_o parthia_n who_o have_v be_v call_v into_o gordiena_n by_o tigranes_n son_n terriyâ—d_v at_o his_o great_a exploit_n send_v to_o beg_v peace_n of_o he_o which_o he_o grant_v not_o but_o send_v afraneus_fw-la into_o into_z gordiena_n to_o expel_v his_o force_n and_o restore_v that_o country_n to_o tigranes_n phraates_n upon_o this_o invade_a armenia_n tigranes_n send_v to_o pompey_n for_o succour_n who_o be_v unwilling_a to_o commence_v a_o war_n with_o phraates_n 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comagena_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o extend_v his_o conquest_n far_o over_o the_o ituraean_n and_o arabian_n he_o reduce_v all_o syria_n into_o a_o roman_a province_n the_o time_n that_o pompey_n be_v proceed_v in_o these_o successful_a expedition_n mithridates_n send_v to_o he_o to_o desire_v peace_n but_o be_v order_v to_o come_v to_o he_o himself_o he_o refuse_v it_o and_o proceed_v in_o his_o preparation_n for_o war_n after_o which_o many_o of_o his_o place_n revolt_v and_o many_o of_o his_o friend_n with_o one_o of_o his_o son_n be_v execute_v upon_o that_o account_n yet_o still_o he_o design_v to_o pass_v into_o europe_n there_o to_o join_v with_o the_o gaul_n and_o invade_v italy_n but_o the_o unwillingness_n of_o his_o soldier_n to_o this_o difficult_a expedition_n and_o the_o rebellious_a design_n of_o his_o son_n pharnaces_n cause_v his_o army_n revolt_n and_o his_o ruin_n his_o son_n be_v short_o after_o fault_v king_n mithridates_n now_o under_o confinement_n see_v this_o from_o a_o upper-room_n send_v to_o his_o son_n to_o ask_v leave_n to_o depart_v but_o in_o vain_a who_o bid_v his_o father_n die_v he_o cry_v out_o with_o many_o bitter_a imprecation_n that_o he_o may_v one_o day_n hear_v the_o same_o word_n from_o his_o own_o child_n then_o come_v down_o to_o his_o wife_n daughter_n and_o concubine_n he_o give_v they_o all_o poison_n and_o fear_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o roman_n he_o take_v some_o himself_n but_o have_v much_o use_v his_o body_n to_o antidote_n particular_o to_o that_o sort_n which_o still_o go_v by_o his_o name_n the_o poison_n will_v not_o operate_v whereupon_o he_o wound_v himself_o but_o that_o not_o dispatch_v he_o soon_o enough_o he_o call_v to_o one_o bitaeus_fw-la a_o gaul_n who_o get_v in_o through_o the_o break_a wall_n and_o by_o his_o hand_n he_o die_v thus_o fall_v mithridates_n a_o man_n who_o sometime_o in_o fortune_n and_o at_o all_o time_n in_o courage_n be_v of_o the_o high_a rank_n in_o direction_n a_o skilful_a commander_n in_o execution_n a_o great_a soldier_n and_o in_o hatred_n to_o the_o roman_n a_o second_o hannibal_n have_v make_v long_a opposition_n than_o he_o and_o thus_o end_v the_o mithridatick_a war_n after_o twenty_o five_o year_n and_o eleven_o since_o it_o last_o break_v out_o a_o war_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n happen_v to_o be_v dangerous_a to_o the_o roman_a state_n as_o create_v other_o mischief_n but_o in_o the_o end_n prouâ—d_v very_o glorious_a and_o advantageous_a to_o it_o by_o the_o addition_n not_o only_o of_o all_o mithridates_n dominion_n but_o likewise_o of_o many_o other_o rich_a country_n in_o asia_n pompey_n when_o the_o news_n of_o mithridates_n death_n be_v bring_v to_o he_o be_v near_o jericho_n march_v towards_o jerusalem_n against_o aristobulus_n king_n of_o judea_n who_o have_v depose_v his_o elder_a brother_n hyrcanus_n and_o usurp_v his_o kingdom_n hyrcanus_n
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and_o his_o colleague_n sextius_n clodius_n assist_v by_o a_o party_n of_o gladiator_n sudden_o set_v upon_o the_o multitude_n raise_v the_o great_a disorder_n imaginable_a many_o of_o the_o people_n be_v kill_v the_o tribune_n be_v wound_v and_o quintus_fw-la cicero_n brother_n be_v almost_o overwhelm_v with_o dead_a body_n and_o the_o rest_n all_o flee_v after_o a_o day_n or_o two_o milo_n seize_v upon_o clodius_n and_o carry_v he_o before_o the_o praetor_n whereupon_o a_o great_a contest_v arise_v and_o clodius_n party_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o pompey_n gladiator_n after_o some_o bloodshed_n be_v beat_v off_o pompey_n immediate_o mediate_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o forum_n put_v the_o people_n upon_o give_v their_o suffrage_n who_o with_o universal_a consent_n and_o applause_n vote_v cicero_n restitution_n the_o senate_n likewise_o decree_v honour_n to_o such_o city_n as_o have_v entertain_v he_o and_o that_o his_o house_n and_o village_n shall_v be_v rebuilt_a at_o the_o public_a charge_n so_o cicero_n after_o 16_o month_n banishment_n return_v in_o great_a pomp_n and_o glory_n sufficient_o revenge_v himself_o upon_o piso_n gabinius_n and_o other_o by_o his_o write_n afterward_o he_o return_v in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o caesar_n war_n in_o gaul_n the_o follow_a year_n caesar_n design_v for_o italy_n himself_o send_v out_o servius_n galba_n one_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n with_o the_o twelve_o legion_n and_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n against_o the_o antuates_n veragres_n and_o seduni_n nation_n seat_v from_o the_o river_n rhosine_n as_o high_a as_o the_o alps_o in_o order_n to_o clear_v a_o passage_n and_o secure_v all_o manner_n of_o traffic_n in_o those_o part_n galba_n in_o a_o short_a time_n defeat_v a_o very_a great_a party_n who_o have_v be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o attack_v he_o in_o his_o camp_n caesar_n not_o long_o after_o return_v find_v that_o the_o venâ—ti_n and_o several_a other_o nation_n of_o that_o part_n of_o gaul_n call_v celtica_n have_v revolt_v he_o turn_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o force_n against_o they_o and_o these_o cause_v he_o extraordinary_a trouble_n and_o many_o difficulty_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o naval_a strength_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o continual_o shift_v themselves_o and_o remove_v from_o place_n to_o place_n but_o at_o last_o caesar_n have_v procure_v a_o fleet_n attack_v the_o veneti_n at_o sea_n and_o there_o overthrow_v they_o crassus_n one_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n the_o mean_a time_n subdue_v the_o sontiate_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o aquitain_n as_o sabinus_n another_o of_o â—em_v do_v the_o unelli_n and_o all_o the_o maritime_a part_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o campaign_n caesar_n march_v against_o the_o morini_n a_o people_n nigh_o calais_n and_o the_o mcnapii_fw-la also_o which_o two_o nation_n be_v still_o up_o in_o arms._n but_o the_o season_n be_v too_o far_o advance_v the_o rain_n and_o foul_a wether_n secure_v they_o in_o the_o forest_n and_o marsh_n and_o cause_v caesar_n to_o put_v his_o man_n all_o into_o their_o winter-quarter_n which_o end_v his_o three_o year_n expedition_n in_o gaul_n iii_o as_o caesar_n conquest_n establish_v his_o reputation_n in_o rome_n 698._o so_o his_o humanity_n and_o other_o excellent_a quality_n absolute_o gain_v he_o the_o heart_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o soldier_n he_o have_v now_o get_v great_a store_n of_o wealth_n by_o which_o he_o not_o only_o discharge_v his_o debt_n but_o likewise_o make_v many_o great_a friend_n by_o his_o magnificent_a present_n especial_o to_o the_o lady_n corrupt_v also_o the_o aedile_n praetor_n and_o consul_n themselves_o in_o this_o winter_n he_o pass_v into_o italy_n to_o luca_n where_o he_o take_v up_o his_o head_n quarter_n where_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o concourse_n of_o people_n to_o pay_v he_o their_o respect_n that_o 200_o senator_n be_v present_a together_o and_o so_o many_o praetor_n and_o proconsul_n that_o 120_o bundle_n of_o rod_n be_v see_v there_o at_o a_o time_n here_o the_o triumvirate_n take_v new_a measure_n and_o caesar_n fear_v he_o may_v be_v recall_v from_o gaul_n procure_v pompey_n and_o crassus_n to_o endeavour_v at_o the_o consulship_n the_o follow_a year_n and_o so_o continue_v he_o in_o his_o employment_n for_o five_o year_n long_o this_o design_n be_v so_o displease_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o dissension_n so_o violent_a concern_v it_o that_o they_o go_v into_o mourn_v as_o in_o public_a calamity_n say_v that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o triumvirate_n be_v dangerous_a to_o the_o quiet_a and_o liberty_n of_o rome_n cato_n with_o great_a eagerness_n set_v up_o domitius_n to_o stand_v against_o they_o but_o pompey_n resolve_v to_o remove_v all_o obstacle_n send_v some_o arm_a man_n against_o domitius_n as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o the_o election_n who_o kill_v the_o slave_n that_o carry_v the_o light_n before_o they_o and_o disperse_v
701â—â—ear_n of_o the_o city_n nigh_o seven_o year_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o triumvirate_n and_o 51_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n a._n m._n 3952_o chap._n ii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o crassus_n to_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n which_o make_v way_n for_o caesar_n absolute_a authority_n and_o be_v the_o second_o step_n to_o the_o imperial_a state_n contain_v above_o five_o year_n space_n i._o the_o same_o year_n that_o crassus_n be_v slay_v 701._o most_o violent_a disturbance_n and_o dissension_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o city_n faction_n daily_a increase_n nothing_o manage_v with_o the_o ancient_a equity_n and_o moderation_n and_o all_o office_n purchase_v with_o bribe_n and_o money_n or_o else_o gain_v by_o sword_n and_o club_n the_o consul_n find_v themselves_o debar_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o triumvirate_n from_o wage_n war_n and_o lead_v army_n as_o former_o make_v it_o their_o sole_a business_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o public_a revenue_n or_o from_o the_o bribe_n as_o well_o as_o the_o salary_n depend_v upon_o their_o office_n pompey_n connive_v at_o all_o this_o hope_v that_o the_o infirmity_n of_o the_o state_n will_v occasion_v he_o to_o be_v create_v dictator_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o retire_v himself_o for_o a_o while_n that_o his_o friend_n may_v have_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n of_o insinuate_v the_o necessity_n of_o his_o presence_n as_o well_o as_o authority_n for_o the_o preserve_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o city_n at_o the_o time_n for_o the_o new_a election_n of_o magistrate_n there_o be_v such_o a_o violent_a contention_n among_o the_o candidate_n that_o for_o eight_o entire_a month_n none_o couâ—d_v be_v elect_v and_o what_o still_o heighten_v these_o mischief_n be_v the_o death_n of_o clodius_n kill_v by_o his_o great_a enemy_n milo_n who_o meet_v he_o by_o accident_n by_o his_o country_n house_n the_o body_n be_v immediate_o bring_v to_o rome_n and_o expose_v all_o bloody_a to_o the_o people_n which_o cause_v great_a disturbance_n among_o the_o multitude_n who_o immediate_o run_v furious_o to_o milo_n house_n to_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n but_o he_o be_v well_o provide_v to_o receive_v they_o repulse_v and_o kill_v several_a of_o the_o assailant_n upon_o which_o they_o return_v to_o the_o body_n where_o they_o pull_v all_o the_o magistrate_n seat_n in_o piece_n make_v a_o funeral_n pile_n of_o they_o and_o set_v fire_n to_o it_o with_o so_o much_o rage_n that_o all_o the_o stately_a building_n where_o the_o senate_n use_v to_o assemble_v be_v burn_v with_o clodius_n body_n after_o this_o the_o mutineer_n disperse_v themselves_o all_o over_o the_o city_n where_o under_o pretence_n of_o search_v for_o milo_n friend_n they_o commit_v the_o most_o insupportable_a violence_n imaginable_a so_o that_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v fill_v with_o murder_n and_o quarrel_n till_o no_o body_n dare_v walk_v the_o street_n unarm_v these_o fatal_a mischief_n turn_v all_o man_n eye_n upon_o pompey_n as_o the_o fit_a person_n to_o redress_v all_o but_o while_o they_o be_v consult_v about_o create_v he_o dictator_n catâ—_n by_o many_o persuasion_n procure_v the_o senate_n to_o make_v he_o consul_n alone_o that_o so_o if_o occasion_n be_v he_o may_v be_v afterward_o accountable_a for_o any_o male_a administration_n this_o be_v soon_o after_o do_v have_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o dictator_n confer_v on_o he_o under_o a_o gentle_a name_n a_o thing_n never_o know_v in_o rome_n before_o but_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n and_o for_o some_o few_o day_n when_o commission_n be_v sometime_o give_v to_o the_o consul_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o commonwealth_n receive_v no_o damage_n new_a troop_n be_v allot_v to_o pompey_n 1000_o talent_n allow_v yearly_o for_o their_o pay_n and_o the_o government_n of_o spain_n be_v continue_v to_o he_o for_o four_o year_n long_o which_o he_o administer_v by_o his_o deputy_n milo_n be_v short_o after_o accuse_v by_o appius_n clodius_n brother_n and_o though_o cicero_n himself_o undertake_v to_o defend_v he_o yet_o it_o happen_v that_o by_o his_o fear_n of_o pompey_n soldier_n who_o surround_v he_o as_o he_o be_v plead_v he_o be_v put_v out_o in_o his_o speech_n and_o so_o mâ—lo_n for_o his_o insolence_n be_v banish_v and_o when_o cicâ—ro_n afterward_o send_v he_o his_o oration_n in_o write_v the_o excellency_n of_o it_o make_v he_o answer_n that_o it_o be_v happy_a for_o he_o that_o cicero_n be_v out_o in_o his_o harangue_n for_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v live_v so_o well_o at_o marseilles_n as_o now_o be_v do_v for_o that_o be_v the_o place_n of_o his_o exile_n pompey_n have_v hitherto_o execute_v the_o office_n of_o a_o dictator_n take_v scipio_n metellus_n for_o his_o colleague_n who_o daughter_n cornelia_n he_o have_v late_o marry_v a_o lady_n of_o no_o less_o accomplishment_n than_o beauty_n this_o considerable_o strengthen_v pompey_n interest_n who_o therefore_o now_o think_v it_o no_o way_n difficult_a to_o overthrow_v the_o fortune_n of_o caesar_n wait_v only_o till_o affair_n be_v somewhat_o more_o ripe_a for_o execution_n but_o caesar_n by_o his_o great_a policy_n and_o inudstry_n by_o his_o noble_a exploit_n abroad_o and_o his_o bountiful_a present_n at_o home_n still_o secure_v himself_o a_o sufficient_a party_n in_o the_o city_n he_o cause_v a_o new_a forum_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o rome_n the_o place_n whereof_o cost_v he_o 100000_o sesterce_n he_o give_v also_o to_o the_o people_n certain_a play_n and_o a_o public_a feast_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o honour_n do_v to_o his_o daughter_n julia_n be_v likewise_o a_o particular_a incourager_n of_o learning_n at_o this_o time_n among_o many_o other_o learned_a man_n flourish_v sallust_n a_o most_o excellent_a historian_n both_o for_o matter_n and_o stile_n caesar_n have_v now_o almost_o complete_v his_o conquest_n in_o gaul_n 702._o when_o the_o trouble_n in_o rome_n and_o his_o absence_n occasion_v many_o of_o the_o nation_n to_o endeavour_v once_o more_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o liberty_n pursue_v their_o design_n with_o great_a vigour_n than_o ever_o choose_v vercingetorix_n for_o their_o general_n caesar_n resolve_v to_o lose_v no_o time_n force_v his_o way_n over_o the_o mountain_n through_o vast_a deep_a snow_n and_o after_o some_o various_a success_n against_o the_o enemy_n numerous_a army_n he_o overthrow_v vercingetorix_n who_o upon_o that_o retire_v to_o alesia_n a_o city_n of_o the_o mandubii_fw-la shut_v himself_o up_o with_o no_o less_o than_o 80000_o man_n and_o make_v all_o necessary_a provision_n for_o a_o siege_n caesar_n not_o withstand_v the_o hazzard_n of_o such_o a_o attempt_n short_o after_o invest_v the_o place_n and_o here_o he_o show_v a_o admirable_a skill_n and_o indefatigable_a industry_n in_o his_o vast_a and_o prodigious_a work_n he_o raise_v against_o this_o place_n both_o to_o defend_v himself_o and_o distress_n the_o town_n well_o know_v the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o succour_n that_o be_v march_v to_o relieve_v it_o for_o though_o the_o city_n by_o the_o extraordinary_a height_n of_o its_o wall_n and_o the_o multitude_n of_o its_o defendant_n appear_v to_o be_v impregnable_a he_o encounter_v with_o great_a difficulty_n without_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n besiege_v himself_o by_o 250000_o of_o the_o choice_a of_o the_o gaul_n yet_o by_o mean_n of_o his_o double_a and_o treble_a trench_n his_o mighty_a line_n of_o contravallation_n and_o his_o wonderful_a management_n and_o vigilance_n he_o repulse_v the_o reliever_n and_o soon_o after_o he_o become_v master_n of_o the_o town_n to_o his_o great_a honour_n and_o reputation_n all_o other_o place_n submit_v without_o delay_n and_o thus_o end_v caesar_n seven_o year_n expedition_n in_o these_o part_n which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o hazardous_a and_o dangerous_a so_o it_o be_v the_o most_o honourable_a and_o glorious_a that_o ever_o he_o undertake_v the_o gaul_n notwithstanding_o their_o great_a loss_n and_o the_o irresistible_a power_n of_o caesar_n arm_n resolve_v to_o try_v their_o fortune_n once_o more_o and_o many_o of_o their_o nation_n join_v again_o in_o confederacy_n caesar_n have_v intelligence_n of_o their_o design_n begin_v his_o march_n from_o bibracte_n and_o make_v great_a devastation_n throughout_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o bituriges_n in_o aquitain_n and_o subdue_v several_a of_o the_o people_n about_o those_o part_n c._n fabius_n one_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n also_o reduce_v some_o party_n of_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o caninius_n another_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n defeat_v likewise_o several_a other_o party_n after_o which_o caesar_n join_v he_o and_o invest_v uxellodunum_n a_o city_n of_o the_o cadurci_n a_o place_n very_o strong_a by_o situation_n yet_o he_o obtain_v it_o with_o little_a or_o no_o bloodshed_n by_o turn_v the_o course_n of_o the_o spring_n that_o supplyâ—d_v the_o place_n with_o water_n after_o this_o the_o
rest_n of_o the_o place_n in_o aquitain_n submit_v and_o go_v to_o narbone_n he_o then_o dispose_v his_o man_n into_o their_o winter-quarter_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o prove_v very_o useful_a to_o he_o afterward_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n and_o this_o finish_v caesar_n eighth_n and_o last_o year_n expedition_n in_o gaul_n and_o all_o the_o part_n thereabouts_o after_o a_o long_a and_o almost_o uninterupted_a course_n of_o many_o glorious_a conquest_n and_o noble_a victory_n to_o the_o mighty_a increase_n of_o his_o own_o honour_n and_o renown_n and_o the_o great_a enlargement_n of_o the_o roman_a dominion_n and_o riches_n as_o well_o as_o the_o terror_n of_o their_o name_n and_o authority_n ii_o now_o the_o jealousy_n between_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n begin_v to_o be_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o ever_o and_o well_o may_v a_o rupture_n be_v expect_v when_o two_o person_n the_o great_a that_o ever_o rome_n produce_v be_v become_v rival_n in_o glory_n especial_o when_o their_o temper_n be_v such_o that_o the_o latter_a can_v not_o endure_v a_o equal_a nor_o the_o former_a a_o superior_a caesar_n have_v now_o raise_v himself_o to_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n both_o as_o to_o riches_n and_o reputation_n then_o the_o grandeur_n of_o his_o mein_fw-ge his_o unbounded_a generosity_n and_o his_o noble_a action_n have_v entire_o engage_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o soldier_n to_o he_o who_o all_o love_v he_o almost_o to_o adoration_n again_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o senator_n stand_v oblige_v to_o he_o for_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o he_o have_v lend_v they_o without_o interest_n he_o entertain_v with_o magnificence_n all_o such_o as_o serve_v under_o he_o even_o to_o the_o very_a slave_n and_o his_o army_n be_v a_o refuge_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o criminal_n and_o such_o as_o be_v much_o in_o debt_n a_o great_a many_o of_o which_o he_o discharge_v at_o his_o own_o expense_n but_o for_o some_o who_o debt_n be_v large_a than_o ordinary_a he_o use_v to_o say_v that_o one_o civil_a war_n will_v make_v all_o even_o all_o this_o be_v do_v at_o gaul_n expense_n which_o may_v occasion_v this_o observation_n that_o caesar_n conquer_a the_o gaul_n with_o the_o roman_n steel_n and_o the_o roman_n with_o the_o gallic_a gold_n pompey_n have_v observe_v that_o caesar_n in_o his_o consulship_n have_v render_v himself_o very_o distasteful_a to_o the_o senate_n therefore_o he_o make_v it_o his_o business_n by_o his_o outward_a carriage_n and_o fair_a demeanour_n to_o gain_v their_o favour_n which_o he_o do_v with_o good_a success_n caesar_n be_v aware_a of_o this_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n endeavour_v vigorous_o for_o the_o consulship_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o likewise_o to_o procure_v his_o government_n to_o be_v prolong_v try_v all_o way_n and_o method_n to_o keep_v his_o army_n till_o he_o can_v get_v to_o be_v choose_v consul_n but_o he_o soon_o find_v that_o this_o affair_n do_v not_o succeed_v according_a to_o his_o wish_n be_v chief_o hinder_v by_o marcus_n marcellus_n one_o of_o the_o present_a consul_n and_o his_o great_a enemy_n though_o he_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o pompey_n jealousy_n he_o resolve_v to_o endeavour_v once_o more_o to_o preserve_v his_o friendship_n therefore_o offer_v he_o his_o niece_n octavia_n and_o demand_v pompey_n daughter_n for_o himself_o but_o pompey_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o alliance_n with_o scipio_n who_o he_o join_v with_o he_o in_o the_o consular_a dignity_n for_o the_o last_o five_o month_n the_o first_o public_a appearance_n of_o the_o division_n begin_v from_o pompey_n two_o law_n publish_v in_o his_o consulship_n the_o first_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o officer_n for_o twenty_o year_n last_o pass_v and_o the_o latter_a to_o forbid_v all_o absent_a person_n to_o demand_v any_o public_a employment_n both_o which_o be_v design_v against_o caesar._n but_o still_o no_o great_a violence_n be_v use_v but_o all_o be_v manage_v with_o extreme_a artifice_n and_o cunning_a till_o the_o election_n of_o the_o new_a consul_n who_o be_v aemilius_n paulus_n and_o calidius_n marcellus_n a_o kinsman_n of_o marcus_n now_o every_o one_o with_o great_a impatience_n expect_v to_o find_v how_o the_o consul_n will_v declare_v themselves_o the_o first_o have_v be_v well_o secure_v by_o a_o large_a present_n of_o 1500_o talent_n from_o caesar_n but_o calidius_n be_v caesar_n enemy_n and_o be_v carry_v on_o by_o the_o same_o spirit_n with_o his_o kinsman_n marcus_n follow_v also_o his_o method_n curio_n be_v likewise_o one_o of_o the_o tribune_n a_o person_n of_o the_o high_a fame_n for_o his_o eloquence_n and_o plead_n and_o of_o great_a part_n and_o resolution_n but_o now_o much_o burthenâ—d_v with_o debt_n both_o for_o himself_o and_o other_o and_o particular_o for_o marcus_n antonius_n one_o of_o his_o colleague_n curio_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o violent_a against_o caesar_n interest_n but_o caesar_n who_o well_o know_v all_o his_o unhappy_a circumstance_n quick_o find_v a_o way_n to_o bring_v he_o over_o by_o furnish_v he_o with_o mean_n to_o quit_v himself_o of_o those_o encumbrance_n curio_n after_o this_o make_v use_v of_o practice_n very_o refine_v forbear_v to_o declare_v himself_o of_o caesarâ—s_n â—s_z party_n the_o better_a to_o penetrate_v the_o design_n of_o the_o other_o party_n and_o after_o that_o seek_v a_o opportunity_n to_o break_v with_o pompey_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o demand_v to_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o highway_n confer_v upon_o he_o although_o he_o know_v it_o wouâ—d_v be_v denyâ—d_v he_o and_o upon_o refusal_n he_o show_v his_o resentment_n and_o soon_o after_o when_o marcellus_n the_o consul_n propose_v with_o great_a earnestness_n the_o recalling_a caesar_n from_o his_o government_n curio_n applaud_v his_o wisdom_n add_v withal_o that_o it_o be_v but_o justice_n that_o pompey_n and_o caesar_n shall_v be_v both_o call_v from_o their_o government_n together_o all_o apprehend_v the_o mean_v of_o this_o proposal_n and_o pompey_n friend_n begin_v to_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o curio_n particular_o appius_n one_o of_o the_o censor_n who_o threaten_v to_o expel_v he_o the_o senate_n and_o propose_v it_o in_o one_o of_o the_o assembly_n curio_n submit_v to_o any_o thing_n decree_v against_o himself_o in_o particular_a but_o wouâ—d_v yield_v to_o nothing_o where_o caesar_n interest_n be_v strike_v at_o and_o the_o consul_n aemilius_n secure_v he_o from_o the_o affront_n offer_v he_o by_o appius_n curio_n resolve_v not_o to_o be_v discourage_v make_v the_o same_o proposal_n to_o the_o people_n as_o he_o have_v do_v to_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v receive_v with_o the_o great_a applause_n imaginable_a and_o as_o a_o further_a testimony_n of_o their_o satisfaction_n they_o give_v power_n to_o caesar_n to_o demand_v the_o consulship_n without_o remove_v out_o of_o his_o province_n this_o cause_v pompey_n to_o leave_v the_o city_n under_o pretence_n of_o go_v to_o his_o government_n but_o he_o real_o go_v no_o further_o than_o a_o countryhouse_n of_o he_o where_o fall_v sick_a he_o write_v to_o the_o senate_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o resign_v all_o his_o employment_n when_o caesar_n do_v the_o like_a which_o he_o will_v confirm_v upon_o his_o return_n to_o rome_n curio_z immediate_o take_v this_o advantage_n and_o tell_v he_o it_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o begin_v what_o he_o propose_v and_o he_o will_v engage_v that_o his_o example_n shall_v be_v follow_v by_o caesar._n the_o matter_n be_v then_o public_o debate_v but_o end_v only_o in_o a_o order_n that_o two_o legion_n shall_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n army_n to_o be_v send_v against_o the_o parthian_n and_o this_o be_v only_o to_o weaken_v caesar_n army_n for_o pompey_n likewise_o demand_v the_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v former_o lend_v he_o caesar_n immediate_o apprehend_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o order_n and_o pompey_n design_n nevertheless_o he_o make_v no_o opposition_n but_o surrender_v two_o legion_n generous_o give_v each_o man_n five_o and_o twenty_o crown_n cicâ—ro_n at_o this_o time_n return_v to_o rome_n from_o his_o government_n of_o cilicia_n where_o he_o pretend_v for_o his_o great_a exploit_n to_o have_v merit_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o triumph_n his_o absence_n have_v hinder_v he_o from_o join_v with_o either_o party_n and_o his_o present_a pretension_n oblige_v he_o to_o be_v a_o mediator_n between_o both_o but_o no_o proposal_n of_o accommodation_n will_v be_v hearken_v to_o for_o appius_n return_v from_o caesar_n army_n publish_v abroad_o that_o his_o soldier_n have_v no_o esteem_n for_o he_o and_o that_o they_o will_v certain_o come_v over_o to_o the_o senate_n party_n whenever_o they_o recover_v this_o side_n of_o the_o alps._n this_o relation_n give_v pompey_n great_a confidence_n so_o that_o cicero_n can_v not_o be_v hear_v and_o when_o he_o
with_o all_o imaginable_a silence_n leave_v only_o some_o archer_n and_o slinger_n upon_o the_o wall_n who_o be_v order_v to_o make_v their_o retreat_n in_o small_a boat_n on_o purpose_n as_o soon_o as_o his_o soldier_n be_v get_v on_o board_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o town_n provoke_v by_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o house_n advise_v caesar_n of_o their_o retreat_n who_o immediate_o put_v his_o troop_n into_o order_n and_o order_v ladder_n to_o be_v plant_v at_o the_o same_o moment_n that_o pompey_n shall_v give_v the_o signal_n to_o his_o archer_n who_o notwithstanding_o secure_v their_o retreat_n by_o certain_a private_a path_n which_o they_o be_v acquaint_v with_o so_o that_o pompey_n get_v all_o his_o troop_n on_o board_n &_o immediate_o weigh_v anchor_n caesar_n man_n get_v over_o the_o wall_n and_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o pit_n prepare_v for_o they_o have_v not_o timely_a warn_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n prevent_v it_o this_o be_v a_o considerable_a stop_n to_o they_o but_o not_o so_o great_a but_o they_o have_v time_n enough_o with_o some_o small_a vessel_n to_o seize_v upon_o two_o of_o pompey_n ship_n which_o through_o haste_n have_v run_v themselves_o aground_n while_o the_o rest_n make_v what_o sail_n they_o can_v and_o fauâ—d_v themselves_o thus_o do_v pompey_n with_o great_a skill_n and_o diligence_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o thus_o do_v caesar_n in_o sixty_o day_n time_n become_v master_n of_o all_o italy_n with-little_a or_o no_o bloodshed_n iv._o caesar_n find_v he_o couâ—d_v not_o follow_v pompey_n for_o want_n of_o ship_n resolve_v to_o pass_v over_o into_o spain_n to_o drive_v out_o pompey_n troop_n all_o old_a soldier_n under_o the_o command_n of_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n but_o first_o he_o design_v for_o rome_n to_o settle_v there_o some_o sort_n of_o government_n he_o likewise_o send_v a_o considerable_a force_n into_o sicily_n and_o sardinia_n the_o one_o keep_v by_o cato_n and_o the_o other_o by_o aurelius_n cotta_n but_o both_o be_v abandon_v by_o they_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o caesar_n troop_n caesar_n in_o his_o journey_n to_o rome_n give_v cicero_n a_o visit_n but_o can_v not_o persuade_v he_o to_o go_v thither_o with_o he_o though_o much_o civility_n pass_v between_o they_o upon_o his_o arrival_n at_o rome_n he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o such_o senator_n as_o he_o find_v there_o and_o call_v they_o the_o senate_n and_o when_o they_o be_v assemble_v make_v they_o a_o plausible_a speech_n in_o justification_n of_o all_o his_o action_n then_o he_o propose_v the_o send_n of_o ambassador_n to_o pompey_n but_o find_v none_o to_o undertake_v that_o office_n he_o begin_v to_o consider_v about_o furnish_v himself_o with_o money_n and_o his_o recourse_n be_v to_o the_o public_a treasury_n which_o he_o wouâ—d_v have_v have_v open_v but_o metellus_n the_o tribune_n bold_o oppose_v he_o in_o that_o allege_v that_o the_o money_n be_v sacred_a that_o the_o law_n forbid_v it_o and_o horrible_a imprecation_n have_v be_v denounce_v against_o such_o as_o touch_v it_o upon_o any_o occasion_n but_o the_o gallic_a war._n to_o which_o caesar_n replyâ—d_v that_o arm_n and_o law_n seldom_o agree_v well_o together_o and_o that_o he_o have_v remove_v the_o former_a reason_n by_o reduce_v all_o gaul_n to_o the_o roman_a obedience_n and_o immediate_o go_v to_o the_o door_n of_o the_o treasury_n but_o the_o key_n can_v not_o be_v find_v whereupon_o caesar_n send_v to_o the_o people_n to_o break_v open_a the_o lock_n and_o when_o metellus_n have_v still_o the_o boldness_n to_o dispute_v it_o with_o he_o in_o a_o great_a rage_n he_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o his_o sword_n threaten_v to_o kill_v he_o with_o these_o word_n know_v young_a man_n that_o it_o be_v hard_a for_o i_o to_o say_v this_o than_o to_o do_v it_o which_o so_o terrify_v metellus_n that_o he_o retire_v caesar_n take_v out_o 3000_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n out_o of_o the_o treasury_n and_o ever_o after_o that_o have_v the_o treasury_n at_o his_o command_n in_o all_o his_o war_n after_o this_o caesar_n depart_v from_o rome_n upon_o his_o spanish_a expedition_n and_o know_v all_o pompey_n circumstance_n say_v with_o his_o usual_a confidence_n that_o he_o go_v to_o find_v a_o army_n without_o a_o general_n and_o then_o he_o will_v come_v back_o to_o find_v a_o general_n without_o a_o army_n he_o receive_v news_n in_o provence_n that_o the_o people_n of_o marseilles_n have_v resolve_v to_o refuse_v he_o entrance_n that_o domitius_n have_v get_v thither_o with_o seven_o galley_n fill_v with_o slave_n libertine_n and_o peasant_n that_o belong_v to_o his_o land_n and_o that_o the_o marsiillians_n have_v call_v down_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o neighbour_a mountain_n to_o their_o assistance_n when_o caesar_n send_v to_o they_o to_o submit_v they_o return_v for_o answer_n that_o they_o resolve_v to_o take_v part_n with_o neither_o caesar_n nor_o pompey_n to_o both_o who_o they_o have_v equal_a obligation_n caesar_n incense_v at_o their_o proceed_n immediate_o besiege_v the_o town_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o order_v twelve_o ship_n of_o war_n to_o be_v buâ—lt_v at_o arles_n which_o be_v complete_v in_o a_o month_n and_o bring_v before_o marseilles_n caesar_n find_v the_o siege_n like_a to_o be_v very_o tedious_a left_a d._n brutus_n to_o command_v the_o ship_n and_o c._n trebonius_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o siege_n and_o so_o depart_v for_o spain_n with_o all_o speed_n where_o fabius_n who_o he_o have_v send_v before_o join_v he_o with_o three_o legion_n which_o together_o with_o his_o own_o force_n make_v a_o noble_a army_n upon_o a_o report_n in_o that_o country_n that_o pompey_n be_v come_v by_o way_n of_o mauritania_n to_o command_v his_o troop_n in_o person_n caesar_n use_v extreme_a diligence_n and_o to_o assure_v himself_o of_o his_o man_n he_o borrow_v money_n of_o all_o his_o officer_n which_o he_o distribute_v among_o his_o soldier_n by_o that_o mean_n engage_v his_o officer_n by_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o his_o soldier_n by_o his_o liberality_n afranius_n and_o petreius_n be_v then_o post_v nigh_o the_o city_n ilerda_n in_o catalonia_n with_o sufficient_a force_n caesar_n advance_v towards_o they_o and_o encamp_v along_o the_o river_n segre_n over_o which_o fabius_n have_v lay_v two_o bridge_n but_o endeavour_v to_o get_v between_o the_o river_n hear_v and_o the_o enemy_n camp_n a_o bloody_a contest_v ensue_v which_o continue_v for_o many_o hour_n in_o which_o caesar_n man_n be_v much_o surprizâ—d_v with_o the_o enemy_n irregular_a way_n of_o fight_v fear_v to_o be_v hem_v in_o till_o by_o caesar_n encourage_v they_o they_o press_v forward_o into_o a_o dangerous_a place_n which_o they_o still_o maintain_v for_o five_o hour_n and_o then_o retreat_v in_o good_a order_n both_o party_n attribute_v to_o themselves_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o victory_n caesar_n for_o drive_v the_o enemy_n before_o he_o and_o afranius_n for_o keep_v the_o post_n for_o which_o they_o fight_v afranius_n have_v great_a appearance_n of_o advantage_n short_o after_o for_o the_o continual_a rain_n carry_v away_o caesar_n two_o bridge_n and_o hinder_v the_o river_n from_o be_v fordable_a any_o where_o which_o reduce_v he_o to_o great_a straits_n not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v provision_n nor_o to_o join_v a_o supply_n of_o force_n that_o come_v to_o he_o from_o gaul_n nor_o yet_o to_o rebuild_v his_o bridge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o stream_n and_o the_o opposition_n he_o meet_v with_o from_o the_o enemy_n who_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n the_o news_n of_o this_o give_v such_o great_a hope_n to_o pompey_n party_n at_o rome_n that_o they_o go_v in_o great_a number_n to_o afranius_n wife_n to_o congratulate_v her_o husband_n good_a fortune_n and_o several_a of_o the_o senator_n who_o be_v neuter_n before_o go_v over_o to_o pompey_n and_o among_o they_o cicero_z himself_z though_o he_o take_v a_o opportunity_n of_o leave_v he_o again_o short_o after_o but_o all_o these_o great_a hope_n vanish_v by_o mean_n of_o caesar_n extraordinary_a diligence_n who_o cause_v slight_a boat_n cover_v with_o leather_n to_o be_v make_v and_o while_o the_o enemy_n be_v divert_v by_o endeavour_v to_o intercept_v some_o gaul_n who_o be_v come_v to_o join_v he_o he_o carry_v the_o boat_n in_o wagon_n twenty_o mile_n distant_a from_o his_o camp_n put_v they_o upon_o the_o river_n and_o with_o a_o wonderful_a quickness_n and_o dexterity_n cause_v his_o legion_n to_o pass_v the_o river_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o rebuilt_a the_o bridge_n thus_o he_o re-establish_v his_o passage_n get_v provision_n join_v the_o force_n which_o come_v to_o his_o assistance_n by_o his_o great_a skill_n astonish_v the_o enemy_n and_o gain_v so_o much_o reputation_n as_o together_o with_o the_o news_n of_o brutus_n beat_v the_o marseillian_o by_o sea_n gain_v he_o
five_o considerable_a town_n and_o make_v several_a other_o capitulate_v caesar_n who_o spare_v no_o pain_n to_o distress_v his_o enemy_n throw_v up_o divers_a intrenchment_n and_o ditch_n in_o order_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o water_n from_o their_o camp_n and_o to_o make_v the_o segre_n fordable_a afranius_n and_o petreius_n dread_v the_o success_n of_o this_o enterprise_n after_o several_a motion_n of_o both_o army_n resolve_v to_o reach_n octogâ—sa_n situate_v on_o the_o iberus_n where_o they_o have_v send_v a_o party_n before_o to_o lay_v a_o bridge_n over_o in_o order_n to_o this_o design_n they_o decamp_v at_o midnight_n but_o caesar_n send_v his_o cavalry_n after_o they_o and_o oblige_v they_o to_o ford_n the_o river_n before_o they_o can_v come_v at_o their_o bridge_n then_o leave_v his_o baggage_n in_o his_o camp_n he_o sudden_o cross_v the_o river_n with_o his_o infantry_n and_o pursue_v they_o so_o close_o that_o they_o couâ—d_v neither_o reach_v their_o intend_a place_n nor_o return_v to_o their_o former_a camp_n by_o which_o mean_v he_o reduce_v they_o to_o such_o extremity_n of_o hunger_n and_o drought_n that_o they_o be_v all_o oblige_v to_o yield_v to_o his_o mercy_n without_o any_o bloodshed_n caesar_n to_o show_v his_o kind_n and_o generous_a temper_n dismiss_v they_o all_o and_o satisfy_v they_o with_o incredible_a courtesy_n such_o as_o be_v never_o practise_v elsewhere_o towards_o enemy_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o he_o become_v master_n of_o all_o spain_n send_v back_o his_o enemy_n load_v with_o shame_n and_o obligation_n to_o publish_v his_o extraordinary_a clemency_n and_o valour_n while_o he_o himself_o depart_v for_o marseilles_n which_o be_v then_o just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o yield_v upon_o caesar_n arrival_n they_o capitulate_v during_o which_o time_n domitius_n make_v his_o escape_n by_o sea_n caesar_n pardon_v the_o inhabitant_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o name_n and_o antiquity_n as_o he_o tell_v they_o than_o for_o any_o other_o merit_n and_o leave_v two_o legion_n in_o garrison_n he_o depart_v for_o rome_n upon_o his_o arrival_n there_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a satisfaction_n by_o most_o people_n 706._o and_o make_v dictator_n by_o m._n lepidus_n the_o praetor_n but_o find_v this_o office_n not_o well_o like_v of_o he_o lay_v it_o down_o after_o hold_v of_o it_o 11_o day_n and_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v choose_v consul_n with_o servilius_n isauricus_n his_o design_n be_v now_o to_o procure_v himself_o as_o many_o friend_n as_o possible_a in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o purpose_n he_o prefer_v several_a favourable_a law_n the_o first_o be_v concern_v the_o borrow_v of_o money_n for_o the_o war_n which_o as_o it_o usual_o happen_v have_v ruin_v almost_o all_o credit_n and_o render_v a_o great_a many_o man_n incapable_a of_o payment_n caesar_n order_v that_o a_o estimate_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o inheritance_n at_o the_o same_o value_n they_o bear_v before_o the_o war_n and_o that_o creditor_n shall_v take_v they_o according_a to_o his_o estimation_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o take_v away_o the_o fear_n of_o a_o general_n bankrupcy_n and_o support_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o debtor_n beside_o he_o bring_v over_o to_o his_o party_n all_o such_o as_o expect_v to_o be_v favour_v in_o this_o general_n valuation_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a design_n of_o the_o law_n the_o other_o law_n be_v for_o the_o call_n home_o those_o who_o have_v be_v condemn_v during_o pompey_n preside_v in_o the_o pass_a sentence_n of_o justice_n caesar_n likewise_o make_v several_a other_o ordinance_n and_o after_o have_v quit_v the_o name_n and_o dignity_n of_o dictator_n depart_v for_o brundisium_n to_o go_v against_o pompey_n before_o which_o time_n he_o receive_v the_o bad_a news_n of_o the_o defeat_n and_o death_n of_o curio_n who_o he_o have_v send_v against_o vaâ—us_n pompey_n lieutenant_n in_o africa_n v._o pompey_n after_o his_o departure_n from_o italy_n into_o epirus_n and_o greece_n have_v make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n for_o resistance_n draw_v over_o all_o the_o east_n to_o his_o interest_n and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n be_v at_o rome_n and_o in_o spain_n have_v gather_v together_o very_o powerful_a army_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n his_o land_n force_v consist_v of_o 9_o italian_a legion_n effective_a beside_o the_o two_o which_o scipio_n his_o brother-in-law_n bring_v he_o and_o the_o auxiliary_n from_o the_o eastern_a country_n of_o 7000_o horse_n â—000_n archer_n and_o 8_o cohort_n of_o slinger_n these_o troop_n be_v distribute_v into_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o apollonia_n and_o over_o all_o that_o coast_n to_o oppose_v the_o come_n down_o of_o caesar._n and_o more_o than_o this_o he_o have_v prepare_v a_o noble_a fleet_n of_o 500_o large_a ship_n beside_o galley_n brigantine_n and_o other_o lesser_a vessel_n all_o which_o be_v command_v in_o chief_a by_o bibulus_n who_o execute_v the_o office_n of_o admiral_n beside_o these_o force_n pompey_n have_v draw_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n out_o of_o asia_n and_o greece_n and_o to_o recompense_v himself_o in_o some_o measure_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o spain_n have_v cause_v dalabella_n and_o caius_n antonius_n who_o command_v for_o caesar_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o illyricum_n to_o be_v attack_v and_o with_o that_o success_n that_o the_o former_a be_v drive_v out_o and_o the_o latter_a take_v these_o advantage_n which_o daily_o keep_v up_o the_o reputation_n of_o pompeyâ—s_n â—s_z party_n still_o engage_v more_o person_n of_o consideration_n to_o come_v and_o join_v themselves_o with_o he_o so_o that_o he_o find_v he_o have_v in_o his_o camp_n above_o 200_o senator_n whereof_o he_o compose_v a_o body_n and_o they_o assemble_v themselves_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o senate_n with_o these_o m._n brutus_n have_v joynâ—d_v himself_o not_o for_o any_o respect_n to_o pompey_n who_o he_o hate_v but_o that_o severe_a virtue_n of_o which_o he_o make_v profession_n and_o the_o example_n of_o his_o uncle_n and_o father-in-law_n cato_n have_v ingagâ—d_v he_o in_o that_o party_n which_o he_o think_v have_v the_o most_o justice_n on_o its_o side_n in_o one_o of_o their_o assembly_n by_o the_o politic_a advice_n of_o cato_n it_o be_v determine_v that_o no_o roman_a citizen_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n out_o of_o battle_n and_o that_o no_o town_n subject_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n shall_v be_v plunder_v in_o effect_n this_o laudable_a decree_n draw_v the_o good_a wish_n of_o the_o people_n upon_o the_o honourable_a author_n of_o it_o and_o gain_v the_o reputation_n of_o great_a justice_n and_o humanity_n to_o their_o design_n and_o likewise_o be_v the_o occasion_n that_o the_o fortune_n of_o caesar_n hang_v for_o a_o long_a time_n doubtful_a and_o be_v afterward_o make_v use_n of_o to_o justify_v his_o death_n notwithstanding_o these_o disadvantage_n on_o caesar_n side_n he_o proceed_v with_o a_o uncommon_a vigour_n and_o undaunted_a courage_n and_o rendezvouze_a at_o brundisium_n he_o without_o any_o delay_n ship_v off_o 5_o of_o his_o 12_o legion_n which_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o 20000_o foot_n and_o 6000_o horse_n at_o this_o time_n the_o rest_n be_v oblige_v to_o stay_v behind_o for_o want_n of_o ship_n caesar_n very_o much_o encourage_v his_o man_n tell_v they_o what_o glorious_a action_n they_o be_v go_v to_o undertake_v and_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o season_n upon_o the_o four_o of_o january_n he_o weigh_v anchor_n this_o much_o surprise_v the_o officer_n of_o pompey_n fleet_n to_o find_v he_o venture_v so_o bold_o through_o the_o danger_n both_o of_o the_o wether_n and_o their_o navy_n but_o caesar_n time_v it_o so_o well_o that_o he_o make_v his_o passage_n in_o one_o day_n and_o land_v his_o man_n at_o a_o place_n call_v pharsalus_n not_o dare_v to_o venture_v into_o any_o know_a port_n which_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o enemy_n have_v once_o 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to_o block_n up_o pompey_n by_o that_o circumvallation_n this_o be_v do_v chief_o to_o diminish_v the_o mighty_a reputation_n that_o pompey_n have_v gain_v among_o foreign_a nation_n when_o all_o the_o world_n shall_v know_v that_o he_o be_v invest_v by_o caesar_n and_o dare_v not_o hazard_v a_o battle_n but_o pompey_n resolve_v to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o any_o scandal_n rather_o than_o a_o battle_n at_o this_o time_n or_o to_o quit_v either_o dyrrachium_fw-la or_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o both_o party_n at_o present_a be_v employ_v in_o design_n and_o stratagem_n caesar_n man_n daily_o carry_v on_o their_o work_n to_o straighten_v the_o enemy_n and_o those_o of_o pompey_n do_v the_o same_o to_o enlarge_v themselves_o they_o have_v the_o advantage_n as_o to_o number_n beside_o there_o be_v being_n the_o innermost_a circumvallation_n be_v not_o extend_v so_o far_o as_o caesar_n though_o pompey_n decline_v come_v to_o a_o battle_n yet_o he_o severe_o gall_v caesar_n man_n with_o his_o archer_n and_o slinger_n which_o oblige_v d_o they_o to_o make_v certain_a blind_v with_o clothes_n and_o skin_n for_o their_o defence_n against_o the_o arrow_n and_o no_o day_n pass_v without_o some_o encounter_n or_o other_o particular_o when_o caesar_n nine_o legion_n be_v too_o far_o advance_v caesar_n bring_v it_o off_o safe_o when_o pompey_n before_o believe_v it_o impossible_a it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a to_o find_v caesar_n besiege_v a_o enemy_n strong_a than_o himself_o and_o supply_v with_o all_o provision_n by_o sea_n while_o he_o himself_o be_v reduce_v to_o extreme_a necessity_n for_o want_n of_o corn._n yet_o his_o soldier_n bear_v all_o with_o admirable_a constancy_n remember_v what_o great_a honour_n they_o have_v often_o gain_v after_o such_o misery_n as_o these_o they_o make_v use_v of_o bean_n and_o barley_n and_o a_o root_n call_v chara_n which_o they_o mingle_v with_o milk_n some_o of_o which_o they_o often_o throw_v among_o pompey_n soldier_n tell_v they_o 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and_o pompey_n which_o he_o may_v easy_o bring_v about_o as_o have_v the_o command_n of_o a_o army_n but_o caesar_n find_v this_o not_o to_o succeed_v apply_v himself_o more_o close_o to_o block_n up_o pompey_n and_o with_o the_o utmost_a art_n and_o diligence_n which_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o more_o dangerous_a condition_n than_o ever_o for_o his_o horse_n have_v consume_v all_o their_o barley_n and_o likewise_o all_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o tree_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v no_o more_o subsistence_n for_o they_o and_o they_o be_v now_o scarce_o able_a to_o go_v on_o their_o leg_n for_o want_n of_o forage_n all_o which_o give_v very_o great_a hope_n to_o caesar_n and_o his_o soldier_n these_o trouble_n and_o inconvenience_n which_o encompass_v pompey_n make_v he_o resolve_v to_o break_v through_o especial_o after_o he_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o the_o condition_n of_o caesar_n fortification_n by_o roscillus_n and_o aegus_n two_o brother_n of_o considerable_a note_n who_o desert_v caesar_n and_o come_v over_o to_o he_o to_o carry_v on_o this_o design_n he_o give_v order_n to_o his_o light_a harnessed_a man_n and_o archer_n to_o defend_v themselves_o with_o bavin_n and_o faggot_n of_o osier_n then_o draw_v out_o 60_o cohort_n he_o put_v they_o on_o board_n his_o ship_n and_o attack_v caesar_n work_n by_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v too_o little_o regard_v and_o not_o well_o complete_v this_o be_v do_v with_o such_o effect_n that_o all_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o cohort_n be_v cut_v off_o except_o one_o and_o though_o caesar_n and_o his_o officer_n use_v the_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o hinder_v pompey_n design_n yet_o by_o mean_n of_o his_o great_a conduct_n and_o forecast_n he_o get_v out_o of_o his_o fortification_n and_o encamp_v in_o another_o place_n by_o the_o sea_n where_o he_o have_v both_o the_o conveniency_n of_o all_o forage_v and_o of_o his_o ship_n beside_o caesar_n perceive_v the_o loss_n he_o have_v sustain_v and_o that_o the_o 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great_a error_n in_o this_o case_n for_o caesar_n himself_o confess_v that_o he_o have_v be_v lose_v without_o redress_n can_v pompey_n have_v know_v how_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o victory_n this_o advantage_n gain_v by_o pompey_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v salute_v imperator_fw-la labienus_n beg_v the_o prisoner_n cause_v they_o all_o to_o be_v slay_v and_o pompey_n party_n have_v such_o assurance_n that_o not_o think_v any_o more_o of_o further_a engagement_n and_o danger_n they_o carry_v themselves_o as_o undoubted_a conqueror_n which_o they_o report_v in_o all_o place_n not_o consider_v the_o many_o circumstance_n that_o occasion_v this_o success_n but_o caesar_n be_v drive_v from_o his_o former_a purpose_n resolve_v to_o change_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o war_n and_o assemble_v his_o man_n together_o with_o a_o fearless_a mind_n speak_v to_o they_o after_o this_o manner_n we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o be_v deject_v or_o discourage_v at_o our_o late_a insuccess_n but_o 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the_o middle_n under_o the_o command_n of_o scipio_n the_o spaniard_n who_o pompey_n most_o rely_v upon_o on_o the_o right_n under_o domitius_n aenobarbus_n and_o on_o the_o left_a be_v pompey_n himself_o with_o the_o two_o legion_n caesar_n have_v restore_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n under_o lentulus_n the_o rest_n be_v in_o the_o same_o order_n between_o scipio_n legion_n and_o the_o wing_n only_o the_o auxiliary_a troop_n at_o least_o such_o as_o fight_v in_o order_n compose_v the_o body_n of_o reserve_n for_o the_o other_o they_o be_v draw_v out_o without_o order_n upon_o the_o left_a with_o the_o archer_n slinger_n and_o all_o the_o cavalry_n the_o right_o be_v fortify_v by_o a_o river_n caesar_n leave_v two_o cohort_n to_o guard_v his_o camp_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o three_o line_n also_o in_o the_o same_o order_n with_o pompey_n the_o ten_o legion_n be_v upon_o the_o right_n and_o the_o nine_o upon_o the_o left_a almost_o join_v to_o the_o eight_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o 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so_o many_o brave_a men._n so_o see_v the_o impatience_n of_o his_o soldier_n to_o fall_v on_o he_o give_v the_o signal_n of_o battle_n the_o word_n on_o pompey_n side_n be_v hercules_n the_o invincible_a that_o on_o caesar_n venus_n the_o victorious_a there_o be_v now_o only_o so_o much_o space_n between_o the_o two_o army_n as_o be_v just_o sufficient_a for_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n but_o pompey_n order_v his_o man_n to_o receive_v the_o first_o shock_n without_o move_v from_o their_o place_n caesar_n soldier_n see_v that_o like_o man_n of_o skill_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n make_v a_o halt_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o carrier_n and_o after_o take_v a_o little_a breath_n run_v furious_o upon_o the_o enemy_n first_o discharge_v their_o javelin_n then_o draw_v their_o sword_n as_o caesar_n have_v give_v they_o order_n pompey_n man_n receive_v the_o charge_n without_o the_o least_o disorder_n and_o fall_v on_o with_o their_o javelin_n and_o sword_n a_o cruel_a and_o bloody_a 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a_o ambuscade_n a_o valiant_a soldier_n who_o be_v callâ—d_v the_o sword_n as_o fabius_n 〈◊〉_d buckler_n of_o rome_n his_o colleague_n crispinus_n also_o 〈◊〉_d a_o wound_n which_o in_o a_o little_a time_n kill_v he_o 〈◊〉_d nominate_v a_o dictator_n for_o hold_v the_o comitiâ—â—â—_n new_a election_n 546._o which_o be_v manlius_n torquatus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v c._n servilius_n the_o follow_a year_n asdrubal_n be_v order_v to_o leave_v spain_n and_o go_v for_o italy_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o brother_n hannibal_n whereupon_o livius_n the_o consul_n be_v order_v to_o meet_v and_o oppose_v he_o whilst_o his_o colleague_n nero_n observe_v the_o motion_n of_o hannibal_n but_o nero_n have_v meet_v with_o some_o success_n against_o hannibal_n make_v a_o choice_n detachment_n of_o 6000_o foot_n and_o 1000_o horse_n and_o with_o great_a secrecy_n and_o as_o great_a expedition_n march_v towards_o his_o colleague_n have_v join_v he_o they_o surround_v asdrubal_n who_o by_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o guide_n have_v lead_v he_o into_o a_o dangerous_a place_n and_o cut_v he_o and_o his_o whole_a army_n in_o piece_n nero_n immediate_o return_v to_o his_o camp_n and_o before_o hannibal_n know_v of_o his_o departure_n cast_v his_o brother_n head_n in_o his_o camp_n by_o which_o to_o his_o great_a grief_n he_o know_v of_o his_o defeat_n at_o the_o finish_n of_o this_o consulship_n a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n the_o consul_n be_v both_o in_o the_o field_n 547._o which_o be_v livius_n salinator_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v caecilius_n metellus_n the_o year_n after_o this_o scipio_n after_o the_o obtain_v many_o great_a victory_n and_o the_o perform_v many_o noble_a exploit_n in_o spain_n whole_o reduce_v that_o country_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o rome_n have_v take_v or_o drive_v out_o all_o the_o carthaginian_a commander_n and_o gain_v as_o much_o reputation_n by_o his_o 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carthaginian_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o recall_v hannibal_n out_o of_o italy_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o country_n fabius_n most_o earnest_o and_o with_o some_o heat_n oppose_v this_o and_o thereupon_o a_o considerable_a difference_n arise_v but_o at_o length_n sicily_n be_v grant_v he_o for_o his_o province_n and_o leave_v give_v he_o to_o pass_v over_o into_o africa_n if_o he_o see_v it_o convenient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n all_o the_o first_o year_n he_o spend_v in_o sicily_n in_o provide_v necessary_n for_o his_o expedition_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n of_o consul_n 549._o namely_o caecilius_n mâ—tellus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v veturius_n philo_n the_o next_o lustrum_fw-la be_v soon_o after_o 215000_o free_a citizen_n be_v cess_v which_o be_v 77892_o more_o than_o at_o the_o last_o a_o happy_a increase_n for_o five_o year_n time_n this_o same_o year_n which_o be_v the_o 14_o of_o this_o war_n scipio_n arrive_v at_o africa_n with_o a_o brave_a fleet_n where_o masanissa_n king_n of_o numidia_n who_o have_v join_v with_o he_o in_o spain_n come_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n scipio_n be_v not_o long_o in_o africa_n without_o employment_n for_o in_o a_o short_a time_n hanno_n oppose_v he_o and_o be_v slay_v himself_o with_o 3000_o of_o his_o man_n which_o so_o encourage_v scipio_n that_o he_o immediate_o invest_v utica_n but_o syphax_n king_n of_o numidia_n who_o have_v dispossess_v masanissa_n of_o his_o kingdom_n march_v with_o the_o carthaginian_n to_o relieve_v the_o place_n scipio_n break_v up_o the_o siege_n and_o depart_v to_o his_o winter_n quarter_n but_o in_o the_o winter_n he_o again_o invest_v utica_n and_o understand_v that_o the_o enemy_n be_v encamp_v not_o far_o off_o he_o send_v his_o able_a soldier_n in_o the_o habit_n of_o slave_n with_o his_o commissioner_n to_o view_v their_o camp_n this_o do_v he_o sudden_o set_v fire_n to_o their_o cover_n of_o mat_n reed_n dry_a bough_n and_o the_o like_a which_o they_o not_o suspect_v but_o think_v it_o come_v by_o accident_n be_v cut_v in_o piece_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o hurry_n and_o confusion_n to_o the_o numberof_o 40000_o man_n 6000_o be_v take_v prisoner_n not_o long_o after_o he_o give_v they_o another_o great_a overthrow_n which_o so_o terrify_v the_o carthaginian_n that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o recall_v their_o great_a champion_n hannibal_n out_o of_o italy_n who_o himself_o likewise_o have_v be_v in_o decline_a condition_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n a_o embassage_n be_v immediate_o dispatch_v to_o rome_n with_o a_o design_n to_o obtain_v a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n till_o hannibal_n can_v safe_o retire_v from_o italy_n but_o their_o aim_n be_v sufficient_o understand_v their_o message_n be_v slight_v and_o come_v to_o no_o effect_n during_o these_o endeavour_n syphax_n find_v his_o kingdom_n will_v probable_o return_v to_o masanissa_n the_o true_a inheritor_n have_v gather_v together_o a_o numerous_a army_n of_o unexperienced_a stranger_n and_o with_o they_o march_v against_o scipio_n but_o be_v soon_o defeat_v and_o himself_o take_v prisoner_n masanissa_n the_o better_a to_o regain_v his_o kingdom_n march_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o cirta_n the_o chief_a city_n and_o by_o show_v they_o the_o king_n in_o bond_n procure_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v open_v every_o one_o strive_v to_o gain_v the_o favour_n of_o he_o who_o as_o they_o perceive_v will_v be_v their_o king_n among_o the_o rest_n queen_n sophonisba_n syphaxâ—s_n â—s_z wife_n a_o woman_n of_o incomparable_a beauty_n who_o very_o earnest_o and_o humble_o beseech_v he_o that_o she_o may_v not_o be_v deliver_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n her_o powerful_a charm_n so_o recommend_v her_o suit_n that_o young_a masanissa_n forthwith_o grant_v it_o and_o the_o more_o effectual_o to_o perform_v his_o promise_n marry_v she_o himself_o that_o day_n this_o action_n be_v much_o disapprove_v of_o by_o scipio_n at_o his_o arrival_n soon_o after_o let_v he_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o title_n to_o her_o head_n as_o be_v their_o captive_n one_o of_o their_o great_a enemy_n and_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o all_o syphax_n '_o s_o treachery_n upon_o this_o therefore_o masanissa_n in_o desperate_a passion_n send_v she_o a_o bowl_n of_o poison_n at_o the_o receive_n of_o which_o she_o only_o say_v that_o if_o her_o husband_n have_v no_o better_a token_n to_o send_v to_o his_o new_a wife_n she_o must_v accept_v of_o that_o add_v that_o her_o death_n have_v be_v more_o honourable_a if_o her_o marriage_n have_v be_v far_o from_o it_o and_o so_o bold_o drink_v it_o oft_o scipio_n the_o better_a to_o comfort_v the_o melancholy_a prince_n have_v he_o immediate_o proclaim_v king_n of_o numidia_n with_o the_o great_a pomp_n and_o solemnity_n that_o couâ—d_v be_v expect_v have_v now_o settle_v he_o in_o his_o throne_n without_o any_o far_a opposition_n v._o hannibal_n have_v now_o make_v his_o great_a and_o utmost_a effort_n in_o italy_n and_o have_v perform_v more_o than_o any_o other_o commander_n when_o he_o be_v recall_v by_o his_o superior_n and_o with_o great_a concern_v and_o reluctancy_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v that_o country_n after_o he_o have_v spend_v 15_o year_n in_o it_o with_o various_a fortune_n he_o complain_v much_o of_o his_o senate_n and_o of_o himself_o of_o his_o senate_n because_o they_o have_v so_o bad_o supplyâ—d_v he_o with_o money_n and_o other_o necessary_n when_o he_o have_v be_v so_o long_o in_o a_o enemy_n country_n of_o himself_o for_o give_v the_o roman_n time_n to_o recover_v themselves_o after_o he_o have_v so_o often_o overthrown_a '_o they_o it_o be_v say_v likewise_o that_o before_o he_o embark_a he_o build_v a_o arch_n nigh_o the_o temple_n of_o juno_n lacinia_n where_o in_o punic_a and_o greek_a letter_n
he_o write_v the_o sum_n of_o his_o great_a exploit_n then_o put_v to_o sea_n in_o a_o melancholy_a temper_n have_v lose_v both_o his_o brother_n asdrubal_n and_o mago_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o best_a man_n he_o land_a in_o a_o few_o day_n at_o leptis_n from_o whence_o he_o march_v to_o adrumetum_n and_o next_o to_o zama_n five_o day_n journey_n from_o carthage_n a_o general_n satisfaction_n be_v in_o rome_n for_o his_o departure_n for_o never_o be_v a_o general_n more_o dread_v by_o â—em_v and_o much_o about_o that_o time_n a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n of_o consul_n 551._o sulpicius_n galba_n be_v the_o person_n and_o servilius_n geminus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n hannibal_n now_o lie_v encamp_v near_o zama_n and_o scipio_n not_o far_o from_o he_o the_o former_a beginning_n to_o consider_v the_o decline_a estate_n of_o his_o country_n desire_v a_o meeting_n with_o scipio_n to_o treat_v of_o a_o peace_n which_o be_v grant_v in_o a_o large_a plain_n between_o the_o two_o army_n the_o two_o great_a general_n in_o the_o world_n come_v to_o a_o interview_n but_o receive_v mutual_o no_o satisfaction_n especial_o for_o that_o scipio_n have_v upbraid_v the_o carthaginian_n with_o a_o late_a breach_n of_o truce_n and_o violation_n of_o ambassador_n they_o return_v to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n by_o the_o sword_n never_o be_v a_o more_o memorable_a battle_n fight_v whether_o we_o regard_v the_o general_n the_o army_n the_o two_o state_n that_o contend_v or_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o victory_n both_o the_o general_n shewid_v admirable_a skill_n in_o place_v their_o man_n and_o choose_v their_o ground_n as_o well_o as_o extraordinary_a courage_n in_o charge_v and_o fall_v on_o let_v their_o soldier_n to_o understand_v that_o this_o battle_n must_v show_v whether_o rome_n or_o carthage_n shall_v give_v law_n to_o the_o world_n hannibal_n though_o he_o behave_v himself_o most_o gallant_o and_o with_o all_o the_o true_a management_n of_o such_o a_o expert_a commander_n be_v at_o last_o overcome_v by_o scipio_n who_o slay_v 20000_o and_o take_v as_o many_o prisoner_n whereupon_o hannibal_n persuade_v his_o countryman_n to_o beg_v peace_n and_o ambassador_n be_v immediate_o dispatch_v to_o rome_n for_o that_o purpose_n 552._o a_o little_a before_o who_o arrival_n a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o election_n of_o consul_n and_o this_o be_v c._n servilius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v ailius_n paetus_n the_o power_n of_o conclude_a peace_n be_v by_o the_o people_n decree_v to_o scipio_n and_o ten_o other_o and_o be_v at_o last_o agree_v to_o upon_o these_o article_n first_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o their_o territory_n in_o africa_n but_o that_o the_o roman_n shall_v hold_v spain_n with_o all_o the_o island_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a second_o that_o all_o rebel_n and_o deserter_n shall_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o roman_n three_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v deliver_v up_o all_o the_o beak_v ship_n except_o ten_o triremes_n with_o all_o their_o tame_v elephant_n and_o tame_a no_o more_o four_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o make_v war_n in_o africa_n or_o elsewhere_o without_o leave_n from_o rome_n five_o that_o they_o shall_v r_o estore_v all_o to_o masanissa_n and_o enter_v into_o alliance_n with_o he_o sixthly_a that_o they_o shall_v give_v money_n and_o corn_n to_o the_o roman_a troop_n till_o the_o return_n of_o the_o ambassador_n and_o seven_o that_o they_o shall_v pay_v 10000_o talent_n of_o silver_n in_o 50_o year_n time_n and_o give_v 100_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o thus_o end_v the_o second_o punic_a or_o carthaginian_a war_n in_o the_o 1â—th_n year_n of_o it_o to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o great_a renown_n of_o scipio_n who_o beside_o a_o most_o splendid_a triumph_n obtain_v the_o honourable_a surname_n of_o africanus_n it_o be_v seven_o year_n short_a though_o far_o more_o bloody_a and_o dangerous_a than_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n and_o end_v in_o the_o 55â—d_a year_n of_o the_o city_n a._n m._n 3804_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o 144th_o olympiad_n 308_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 189_o since_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o city_n by_o the_o gaul_n 129_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n and_o 199_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n chap._n xi_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o and_o the_o destruction_n of_o carthage_n when_o rome_n get_v free_a from_o all_o her_o rival_n state_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 55_o year_n i._o these_o war_n 553._o though_o they_o have_v be_v very_o dangerous_a almost_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n end_v much_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o it_o both_z as_o to_o its_o honour_n and_o dominion_n as_o well_o as_o its_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n the_o roman_n begin_v more_o and_o more_o to_o know_v the_o use_n of_o riches_n and_o art_n and_o learn_v daily_o increase_v as_o they_o become_v more_o acquaint_v with_o the_o grecians_n for_o much_o about_o this_o time_n flourish_v ennius_n licinius_n tegula_n and_o caecilius_n all_o dramatic_a poet_n the_o roman_n be_v much_o delight_v with_o such_o spectacle_n as_o well_o as_o those_o more_o cruel_a one_o of_o gladiator_n fight_n with_o wild_a beast_n etc._n etc._n the_o finish_n of_o these_o late_a war_n much_o ease_v the_o roman_n but_o still_o they_o be_v employ_v abroad_o for_o immediate_o after_o begin_v or_o rather_o go_v on_o the_o macedonian_a war_n against_o king_n philip_n the_o first_o occasion_n be_v give_v soon_o after_o the_o great_a battle_n of_o cannae_n upon_o his_o entrance_n into_o a_o alliance_n with_o hannibal_n as_o be_v say_v before_o but_o now_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o good_a opportunity_n and_o not_o without_o provocation_n as_o well_o by_o his_o breach_n of_o faith_n with_o the_o aetolian_n and_o other_o roman_a ally_n in_o those_o part_n as_o by_o his_o supply_n long_o before_o send_v to_o hannibal_n and_o at_o the_o earnest_a request_n of_o the_o athenian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o complaint_n of_o attalus_n king_n of_o pergamus_n and_o the_o rhodian_n proclaim_v war_n against_o he_o anew_o this_o philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n be_v one_o of_o alexander_n successor_n be_v the_o ten_o king_n after_o he_o and_o a_o powerful_a prince_n in_o greece_n against_o he_o sulpicius_n galba_n the_o consul_n be_v send_v who_o by_o himself_o and_o his_o lieutenant_n put_v he_o to_o the_o worst_a divers_a time_n and_o have_v almost_o take_v he_o prisoner_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o attalus_n and_o the_o rhodian_n the_o consul_n raise_v the_o siege_n of_o athens_n whereupon_o the_o aetolian_n before_o backward_o enough_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o magistrate_n and_o the_o athenian_n now_o new_o encourage_v invade_v philip_n dominion_n but_o be_v too_o slothful_a and_o careless_a be_v easy_o repulse_v by_o he_o this_o same_o year_n obtain_v furius_n the_o praetor_n a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o gaul_n who_o have_v late_o revolt_v and_o invest_v cremona_n kill_v 30000_o man_n and_o with_o they_o amilcar_n a_o carthaginian_a captain_n for_o this_o action_n after_o much_o dispute_n in_o the_o senate_n he_o triumph_v though_o against_o the_o custom_n and_o without_o precedent_n for_o none_o ever_o obtain_v this_o honour_n who_o have_v get_v a_o victory_n with_o another_o army_n as_o he_o have_v do_v with_o aurelius_n cotta_n the_o consul_n in_o his_o absence_n who_o therefore_o take_v the_o matter_n very_o heinous_o the_o year_n follow_v bebius_n the_o praetor_n enter_v unadvised_o into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o insubrian_a gaul_n be_v surround_v and_o lose_v above_o 6600_o of_o his_o man_n in_o this_o year_n there_o be_v but_o small_a action_n in_o macedonia_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o macedonian_a war_n quintus_fw-la flaminius_n the_o consul_n be_v send_v thither_o who_o use_v great_a expedition_n and_o diligence_n beat_v philip_n out_o of_o the_o straits_n where_o he_o have_v be_v very_o advantageous_o post_v and_o by_o sea_n his_o brother_n lucius_n with_o attalus_n regain_v several_a confederate_a town_n and_o invest_v corinth_n itself_o but_o with_o no_o success_n the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o year_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a business_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n 556._o the_o praetor_n in_o rome_n be_v increase_v from_o four_o to_o six_o and_o now_o the_o time_n come_v for_o the_o election_n of_o consul_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o they_o to_o take_v the_o province_n from_o their_o predecessor_n the_o tribune_n right_o object_v that_o this_o custom_n hinder_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o war_n and_o so_o procure_v quintius_n government_n and_o place_n to_o be_v
vote_n of_o the_o senate_n in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a word_n videant_fw-la consules_a ne_fw-la quid_fw-la detrimenti_fw-la respublicâ—_n accipiat_fw-la marius_n therefore_o with_o his_o colleague_n set_v upon_o saturninus_n in_o the_o public_a assembly_n and_o force_v he_o and_o his_o follower_n into_o the_o capitol_n where_o for_o want_v of_o water_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o yield_v after_o marius_n have_v give_v they_o his_o faith_n for_o their_o safety_n saturninus_z and_o glaucius_n much_o rely_v upon_o marius_n not_o scruple_v to_o give_v out_o 654._o that_o they_o be_v but_o the_o actor_n and_o instrument_n of_o his_o design_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o security_n they_o be_v all_o cut_n in_o piece_n by_o the_o equites_fw-la in_o the_o foâ—rum_n who_o break_v in_o among_o they_o and_o numidicus_n especial_o by_o his_o son_n industry_n be_v recall_v with_o the_o general_n applause_n of_o the_o people_n the_o war_n abroad_o and_o the_o dissension_n and_o corâ—uptions_n at_o home_n do_v not_o hinder_v learning_n for_o that_o â—till_o flourish_v more_o than_o ever_o and_o poetry_n be_v come_v almost_o to_o its_o high_a pitch_n in_o rome_n for_o a_o little_a before_o â—his_n flourish_v the_o famous_a lucretius_n a_o admirable_a poâ—t_n in_o his_o kind_n and_o in_o many_o particular_n scarce_o inferior_a to_o virgil._n now_o for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n there_o be_v no_o great_a action_n abroad_o nor_o any_o oâ—en_a sedition_n at_o home_n but_o however_o there_o be_v great_a dissatisfaction_n among_o those_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o power_n of_o judicature_n give_v to_o the_o equites_fw-la by_o c._n gracchus_n law_n which_o prove_v a_o extraordinary_a grievance_n to_o â—em_v the_o commonwealth_n too_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v the_o publican_n who_o farmed_a the_o public_a revenue_n be_v as_o they_o be_v equites_fw-la both_o judge_n and_o party_n upon_o these_o account_n drusus_n the_o tribune_n a_o very_a eminent_a and_o well-designing_a person_n endeavour_v to_o restore_v the_o father_n to_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o authority_n and_o yet_o not_o offend_v the_o equites_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o senate_n be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o small_a number_n he_o prefer_v a_o law_n that_o as_o many_o equites_fw-la shall_v be_v add_v to_o they_o and_o that_o the_o power_n of_o judicature_n shall_v be_v commit_v equal_o to_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v then_o of_o this_o body_n this_o give_v great_a offence_n to_o both_o party_n and_o caepio_n also_o one_o of_o drusuâ—'s_n colleague_n oppose_v he_o and_o come_v into_o the_o senate_n there_o accuse_v some_o of_o the_o high_a rank_n of_o illegal_a endeavour_n to_o gain_v office_n drusus_n to_o withstand_v his_o design_n again_o propose_v the_o agrarian_a law_n and_o that_o the_o ally_n and_o confederate_n of_o italy_n the_o present_a possessor_n may_v take_v it_o amiss_o he_o give_v they_o hope_n of_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n a_o great_a concourse_n of_o stranger_n be_v occasion_v upon_o this_o account_n and_o as_o great_a a_o contention_n raise_v where_o philippus_n the_o consul_n for_o oppose_v the_o law_n for_o divide_v the_o land_n be_v disgraceful_o buffet_v by_o one_o of_o the_o stranger_n and_o violent_a disturbance_n follow_v drusus_n disappoint_v in_o this_o particular_a still_o endeavour_v to_o perform_v his_o promise_n to_o the_o italian_n but_o go_v home_o accompany_v with_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n he_o be_v stab_v in_o the_o court_n of_o his_o own_o house_n have_v breath_n enough_o to_o say_v that_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v never_o find_v a_o person_n more_o true_a to_o her_o interest_n than_o he_o iv._o these_o trouble_n do_v not_o end_v with_o drusus_n death_n 663._o for_o soon_o after_o a_o very_a dangerous_a war_n break_v out_o upon_o this_o account_n with_o most_o of_o the_o italian_n call_v the_o social_n or_o italian_a war._n these_o people_n have_v for_o some_o time_n take_v it_o very_o heinous_o that_o they_o be_v deny_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n which_o have_v be_v partly_o promise_v they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gracchi_n but_o now_o drusus_n death_n who_o have_v very_o much_o heighten_v their_o expectation_n enrage_v they_o more_o than_o eveâ—_n especial_o when_o the_o equites_fw-la immediate_o after_o have_v by-force_n of_o arm_n procure_v a_o law_n for_o banish_v all_o the_o great_a person_n who_o be_v not_o for_o their_o interest_n the_o italian_n also_o think_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_a reason_n to_o expect_v this_o privilege_n from_o that_o city_n who_o subsistance_n and_o empire_n have_v be_v so_o much_o maintain_v by_o their_o valour_n they_o common_o send_v out_o double_a the_o number_n of_o troop_n to_o those_o of_o rome_n upon_o these_o ground_n they_o resolve_v to_o procure_v that_o by_o force_n and_o violence_n which_o can_v not_o be_v obtain_v by_o entreaty_n and_o civil_a mean_n and_o thereupon_o they_o join_v together_o in_o a_o close_a confederacy_n and_o private_o send_v message_n and_o hostage_n to_o each_o other_o namely_o the_o lucanian_o apulian_o marsi_n peligni_n with_o many_o other_o and_o especial_o the_o old_a enemy_n of_o rome_n the_o samnite_n who_o make_v their_o preparation_n with_o equal_a diligence_n and_o secrecy_n these_o private_a transaction_n be_v discover_v at_o rome_n though_o late_a enough_o spy_n be_v immediate_o send_v out_o into_o all_o quarter_n to_o make_v what_o further_a discovery_n they_o can_v one_o of_o which_o happen_v to_o see_v a_o young_a man_n of_o asculum_n carryâ—d_v into_o another_o city_n for_o a_o hostage_n thereupon_o acquaint_v servilius_n the_o proconsul_n who_o go_v to_o asculum_n and_o reprimand_v the_o citizen_n of_o that_o place_n be_v set_v upon_o and_o slay_v together_o with_o all_o the_o roman_n their_o design_n be_v now_o whole_o discover_v for_o their_o great_a security_n they_o all_o break_v out_o into_o open_a rebellion_n however_o first_o they_o think_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o complain_v but_o their_o messenger_n can_v not_o be_v admit_v without_o satisfaction_n and_o repentance_n for_o what_o they_o have_v already_o do_v whereupon_o the_o war_n be_v commit_v to_o both_o the_o consul_n together_o with_o mariâ—s_n and_o sylla_n and_o several_a othersâ—_n there_o be_v who_o have_v pro-consular_a authority_n the_o force_n on_o either_o side_n amount_v to_o about_o 100_o 000_o fight_n men._n the_o war_n be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o destructive_a and_o râ—tilius_n the_o consul_n in_o a_o short_a time_n lose_v his_o life_n fall_v into_o a_o ambuscade_n lay_v by_o the_o marsi_n and_o the_o roman_n receive_v many_o terrible_a blow_n so_o that_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o list_n many_o who_o have_v be_v slave_n the_o body_n of_o the_o consul_n and_o several_a other_o be_v carryâ—d_v into_o the_o city_n so_o discourage_v the_o people_n that_o the_o senate_n make_v a_o decree_n that_o henceforward_o the_o body_n of_o the_o slay_v shall_v be_v bury_v where_o they_o die_v which_o as_o a_o prudent_a example_n be_v likewise_o follow_v by_o the_o enemy_n after_o the_o death_n of_o rutilius_n his_o army_n be_v commit_v to_o marius_n his_o lieutenant_n and_o capio_fw-la who_o act_v in_o conjunction_n with_o he_o caepio_n be_v slay_v not_o long_o after_o in_o a_o ambuscade_n lay_v by_o popedius_n one_o of_o the_o italian_a general_n so_o marius_n have_v his_o desire_n of_o command_v alone_o and_o do_v excellent_a service_n as_o likewise_o do_v sylla_n the_o same_o year_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n pompeius_n strabo_n father_n to_o pompey_n the_o great_a and_o porcius_n cato_n be_v make_v consul_n and_o now_o the_o senate_n think_v fit_a to_o give_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n to_o such_o of_o the_o italian_n as_o have_v not_o revolt_a which_o much_o establish_v those_o who_o be_v somewhat_o waver_v in_o their_o mind_n and_o abate_v the_o courage_n of_o the_o other_o already_o engage_v yet_o these_o be_v not_o choose_v into_o any_o of_o the_o 35_o triben_fw-ge but_o be_v placâ—d_v by_o themselves_o behind_o all_o so_o that_o in_o vote_v they_o can_v not_o hinder_v the_o rest_n which_o afterward_o cause_v some_o disturbance_n cato_n the_o consul_n do_v very_o good_a service_n this_o campaign_n which_o swell_v he_o with_o such_o a_o opinion_n of_o himself_o that_o he_o boast_v himself_o equal_a to_o marius_n for_o which_o he_o be_v slay_v by_o marius_n son_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o battle_n against_o the_o marsi_n his_o colleague_n pompey_n overthrow_v the_o picentes_n and_o asculani_fw-la and_o have_v long_o besiege_a asculum_n he_o defeat_v the_o enemy_n which_o sally_v out_o upon_o he_o he_o likewise_o kill_v 18000_o of_o the_o mâ—rsi_n take_v 3000_o prisoner_n and_o at_o last_o possess_v himself_o of_o asculum_n he_o cause_v all_o the_o officer_n and_o principal_a man_n in_o the_o city_n to_o be_v first_o scourge_v and_o then_o behead_v sylla_n