had beene there and that was strange to them for they could not tell how to take it The Canoes and folke went all on shoare but some of them came againe and brought stropes of Beades some had sixe seuen eight nine ten and gaue him So he slept all night quietly The two and twentieth was faire weather in the morning our Masters Mate and foure more of the companie went vp with our Boat to sound the Riuer higher vp The people of the Countrey came not aboord till noone but when they came and saw the Sauages well they were glad So at three of the clocke in the after-noone they came aboord and brought Tabacco and more Beades and gaue them to our Master and made an Oration and shewed him all the Countrey â—ound about Then they sent one of their coâ—panie on land who presently returned and brought a great Platter full of Venison dressed by themselues and they caused him to eate with them then they made him reuerence and departed all saue the old man that lay aboord This night at ten of the clocke our Boat returned in a showre of raine from sounding of the Riuer and found it to bee at an end for shipping to goe in For they had beene vp eight or nine leagues and found but seuen foot water and vnconstant soundings The three and twentieth faire weather At twelue of the clocke wee weighed and went downe two leagues to a shoald that had two channels one on the one side and another on the other and had little wind whereby the tide layed vs vpon it So there wee sate on ground the space of an houre till the floud came Then we had a little gale of wind at the West So wee got our ship into deepe water and rode all night very well The foure and twentieth was faire weather the winde at the North-west wee weighed and went downe the Riuer seuen or eight leagues and at halfe ebbe wee came on ground on a banke of Oze in the middle of the Riuer and sate there till the floud Then wee went on Land and gathered good store of Chest-nuts At ten of the clocke wee came off into deepe water and anchored The fiue and twentieth was faire weather and the wind at South a stiffe gale We rode still and went on Land to walke on the West side of the Riuer and found good ground for Corne and other Garden herbs with great store of goodly Oakes and Wal-nut trees and Chest-nut trees Ewe trees and trees of sweet wood in great abundance and great store of Slate for houses and other good stones The sixe and twentieth was faire weather and the wind at South a stiffe gale wee rode still In the morning our Carpenter went on Land with our Masters Mate and foure more of our companie to cut wood This morning two Canoes came vp the Riuer from the place where we first found louing people and in one of them was the old man that had lyen aboord of vs at the other place He brought another old man with him which brought more stropes of Beades and gaue them to our Master and shewed him all the Countrey there about as though it were at his command So he made the two old men dine with him and the old mans wife for they brought two old women and two young maidens of the age of sixteene or seuenteene yeeres with them who behaued themselues very modestly Our Master gaue one of the old men a Knife and they gaue him and vs Tabacco And at one of the clocke they departed downe the Riuer making signes that wee should come downe to them for wee were within two leagues of the place where they dwelt The seuen and twentieth in the morning was faire weather but much wind at the North we weighed and set our fore top-sayle and our ship would not flat but ran on the Ozie banke at halfe ebbe Wee layed out anchor to heaue her off but could not So wee sate from halfe ebbe to halfe floud then wee set our fore-sayle and mayne top-sayle and got downe sixe leagues The old man came aboord and would haue had vs anchor and goe on Land to eate with him but the wind being faire we would not yeeld to his request So hee left vs being very sorrowfull for our departure At fiue of the clocke in the after-noone the wind came to the South South-west So wee made a boord or two and anchored in fourteene fathomes water Then our Boat went on shoare to fish right against the ship Our Masters Mate and Boat-swaine and three more of the companie went on land to fish but could not finde a good place They tooke foure or fiue and twentie Mullets Breames Bases and Barbils and returned in an houre We rode still all night The eight and twentieth being faire weather as soone as the day was light wee weighed at halfe ebbe and turned downe two leagues belowe water for the streame doth runne the last quarter ebbe then we anchored till high water At three of the clocke in the after-noone we weighed and turned downe three leagues vntill it was darke then wee anchored The nine and twentieth was drie close weather the wind at South and South and by West we weighed early in the morning and turned downe three leagues by a lowe water and anchored at the lower end of the long Reach for it is sixe leagues long Then there came certaine Indians in a Canoe to vs but would not come aboord After dinner there came the Canoe with other men whereof three came aboord vs. They brought Indian Wheat which wee bought for trifles At three of the clocke in the after-noone wee weighed as soone as the ebbe came and turned downe to the edge of the Mountaines or the Northermost of the Mountaines and anchored because the high Land hath many Points and a narrow channell and hath many eddie winds So we rode quietly all night in seuen fathoms water The thirtieth was faire weather and the wind at South-east a stiffe gale betwene the Mountaynes We rode still the after-noone The people of the Countrey came aboord vs and brought some small skinnes with them which we bought for Kniues and Trifles This a very pleasant place to build a Towne on The Road is very neere and very good for all winds saue an East North-east wind The Mountaynes looke as if some Metall or Minerall were in them For the Trees that grow on them were all blasted and some of them barren with few or no Trees on them The people brought a stone aboord like to Emery a stone vsed by Glasâ—ers to cut Glasse it would cut Iron or Steele Yet being bruised small and water put to it it made a colour like blacke Lead glistering It is also good for Painters Colours At three of the clocke they departed and we rode still all night The first of October faire weather the wind variable betweene the West and the
entred me thought I was come into a new World Whose Life and manners I will descrbe vnto your Highnesse as well as I can THey haue in no place any setled Citie to abide in neither know they of the Celestiall Citie to come They haue diuided all Scythia among themselues which stretcheth from the Riuer Danubius euen vnto the rising of the Sunne And euery of their Captaines according to the great or small number of his people knoweth the bounds of his Pastures and where hee ought to feed his Cattell Winter and Summer Spring and Autumne For in the Winter they descend vnto the warme Regions South-ward And in the Summer they ascend vnto the cold Regions North-ward In Winter when Snow lyeth vpon the ground they feed their Cattell vpon Pastures without water because then they vse Snow in stead of water Their houses wherein they sleepe they ground vpon a round foundation of Wickers artificially wrought and compacted together the Roofe whereof consisteth in like sort of Wickers meeting aboue into one little Roundell out of which Roundell ascendeth vpward a necke like vnto a Chimney which they couer with white Felt and oftentimes they lay Morter or white Earth vpon the said Felt with the powder of bones that it may shine white And sometimes also they couer it with blacke Felt. The said Felt on the necke of their house they doe garnish ouer with beautifull varietie of Pictures Before the doore likewise they hang a Felt curiously painted ouer For they spend all their coloured Felt in painting Vines Trees Birds and Beasts thereupon The said houses they make so large that they contayne thirtie foot in breadth For measuring once the breadth betweene the wheele-ruts of one of their Carts I found it to bee twentie feet ouer and when the house was vpon the Cart it stretched ouer the wheeles on each side fiue feet at the least I told two and twentie Oxen in one Teame drawing an house vpon a Cart eleuen in one order according to the breadth of the Cart and eleuen more before them the Axle-tree of the Cart was of an huge bignesse like vnto the Mast of a Ship And a fâ—llow stood in the doore of the house vpon the fore-stall of the Cart driuing forth the Oxen. Moreouer they make certayne foure square Baskets of small slender Wickers as bigge as great Chests and afterward from one side to another they frame an hollow lidde or couer of such like Wickers and make a doore in the fore-side thereof And then they couer the said Chest or little House with black Felt ubbed ouer with Tallow or Sheeps Milke to keep the rain from soking through which they deck likewise with painting or with feathers And in such Chests they put their whole Houshold-stuffe and Treasure Also the same Chests they doe strongly binde vpon other Carts which are drawne with Camels to the end they may wade through Riuers Neither doe they at any time take downe the said Chests from off their Carts When they take downe their dwelling houses they turne the doores alwayes to the South and next of all they place the Carts laden with their Chests here and there within halfe a stones cast of the House insomuch that the House standeth betweene two rankes of Carts as it were betweene two Walles The Matrones make for themselues most beautifull Carts which I am not able to describe vnto your Maiesty but by Pictures only for I would right willingly haue painted all things for you had my Skill beene ought in that Art One rich Moal or Tartar hath two hundred or one hundred such Carts with Chests Duke Baatu hath sixteene Wiues euery one of which hath one great house besides other little houses which they place behind the great one being as it were Chambers for their Maidens to dwell in And vnto euery of the said houses doe belong two hundred Carts When they take their houses from off the Carts the principall Wife placeth her Court on the West Frontier and so all the rest in their order so that the last Wife dwelleth vpon the East Frontier and one of the said Ladies Courts is distant from another about a stones cast Whereupon the Court of one rich Moal or Tartar will appeare like vnto a great Village very few men abiding in the same One woman will guide twenty or thirty Carts at once for their Countries are very plaine and they binde the Carts with Camels or Oxen one behind another And there sits a Wench in the fore-most Cart driuing the Oxen and all the residue follow on a like pace When they chance to come at any bad passage they let them loose and guide them ouer one by one for they goe a slow pace as fast as a Lambe or an Oxe can walke HAuing taken downe their houses from off their Carts and turning the doores South-ward they place the bed of the Master of the house at the North part thereof The womens place is alwayes on the East-side namely on the left hand of the good man of the house sitting vpon his bed with his face South-wards but the mens place is vpon the West-side namely at the right hand of their Master Men when they enter into the house will not in any case hang their Qâ—iuers on the womens side Ouer the Masters head there is alwayes an Image like a Puppet made of Fealt which they call the Masters Brother and another ouer the head of the good Wife or Mistris which they call her Brother being fastened to the wall and aboue betweene both of them there is a little leane one which is as it were the keeper of the whole house The good Wife or Mistris of the house placeth aloft at her beds feet on the right hand the Skinne of a Kid stuffed with Wooll or some other matter and neere vnto that a little Image or Puppet looking towards the Maidens and women Next vnto the doore also on the womens side there is another Image with a Cowes Vdder for the women that milke the Kine For it is the dutie of their women to milke Kine On the other side of the doore next vnto the men there is another Image with the Vdder of a Mare for the men which milke Mares And when they come together to drinke and make merrie they sprinkle part of their Drinke vpon the Image which is aboue the Masters head afterward vpon other Images in order then goeth a Seruant out of the house with a cup full of Drinke sprinkling it thrise towards the South and bowing his knee at euery time and this is done for the honour of the Fire Then performeth he the like Superstitious Idolatry towards the East for the honour of the Ayre and then to the West for the honour of the water and lastly to the North in the behalfe of the Dead When the Master holdeth a cup in his hand to drinke before hee tasteth thereof hee powreth his part vpon the ground
we came to the point thereof That Land turning to the Westward we ranne along sixteene leagues North-west then comming into a faire Bay we went on Land with our Boat which place was vninhabited but yet it appeared vnto vs that the people had beene there by crosses and other signes from thence we went all along the coast Westward The fourth day of September we lost sight of Land by reason of contrarie windes and the eighth day we descried Land againe Within two dayes after we lost the sight of it then running West and by South about thirtie leagues we gat the sight of Land againe and bare in with it vntill night then perceiuing it to bee a lee shoare we gat vs into the Sea to the end to haue Sea roome The twelfth of September wee haled to shoare-ward againe hauing then indifferent winde and weather then being neere vnto the shoare and the tide almost spent wee came to an anchor in thirtie fathoms water The thirteenth day we came along the coast which lay North-west and by West and South-east and by East The fourteenth day we came to an anchor within two leagues off the shoare hauing sixtie fathoms There wee went ashoare with our Boat and found two or three good Harbours the Land being rocky and high but as for people could we see none The fifteenth day we ran still along the coast vntill the seuenteenth day then the winde being contrarie vnto vs we thought it best to returne vnto the Harbour which we had found before and so we bare roomer with the same howbeit wee could not accomplish our desire that day The next day being the eighteenth we entred into the Hauen and there came to an anchor at six fathoms This Hauen runneth into the Mayne about two leagues and is in bredth halfe a league wherein were very many Seale-fishes and other great fishes and vpon the Mayne wee saw Beares great Deere Foxes and diuers strange beasts as Guloines and such other which were to vs vnknowne and also wonderfull Thus remayning in this Hauen the space of a weeke seeing the yeere farre spent and also very euill weather as Frost Snow and Hayle as though it had beene the deepe of Winter wee thought best to winter there Wherefore we sent out three men South South-west to search if they could finde people who went three dayes iourney but could finde none after that we sent other three West-ward foure dayes iourney which also returned without finding any people Then sent we three men South-east three dayes iourney who in like sort returned without finding of people or any similitude of habitation The Riuer or Hauen wherein Sir Hugh Willoughby with the companie of his two ships perished for cold is called Arzina in Lapland neere vnto Kegor But it appeareth by a Will found in a ship that Sir Hugh Willoughby and most of the companie were aliue in Ianuary 1554. A Letter of RICHARD CHANCELLOR written to his Vncle Master CHRISTOPHER FROTHINGAM touching his discouerie of Moscouia FOrasmuch as it is meet and necessarie for all those that minde to take in hand the trauell into strange Countries to endeauour themselues not onely to vnderstand the orders commodities and fruitfulnesse thereof but also to apply them to the setting forth of the same whereby it may incourage others to the like trauell therefore haue I now thought good to make a briefe rehearsall of the orders of this my trauell in Russia and Muscouia and other Countries thereunto adioyning because it was my chance to fall with the North parts of Russia before I came towards Moscouia I will partly declare my knowledge therein Russia is very plentifull both of Land and People and also wealthie for such commodities as they haue They be very great fishers for Salmons and small Cods they haue much Oyle which wee call Trane Oyle the most whereof is made by a Riuer called Dâ—ina They make it in other places but not so much as there They haue also a great trade in seething of salt water To the North part of that Countrey are the places where they haue their Furres as Sables Marterns greesse Beuers Foxes white blacke and red Minkes Ermines Miniuer and Harts There are also a fishes teeth which fish is called a Morsse The takers thereof dwell in a place called Postesora which bring them vpon Harts to Lampas to sell and from Lampas carrie them to a place called Colmogro where the high Market is holden on Saint Nicolas day To the West of Colmogro there is a place called Gratanoue in our language Nouogorode where much fine Flaxe and Hempe groweth and also much Waxe and Honie The Dutch Merchants haue a Staple-house there There is also great store of Hides and at a place called Plesco and thereabout is great store of Flaxe Hempe Waxe Honie and that Towne is from Colmogro one hundred and twentie miles There is a place called Vologda the commodities whereof are Tallow Waxe and Flaxe but not so great plentie as is in Gratanoue From Vologda to Colmogro there runneth a Riuer called Duina and from thence it falleth into the Sea Colmogro serueth Gratanoue Vologda and the Mosco with all the Countrey thereabout with Salt and salt Fish From Vologda to Iereslaue is two hundred miles which Towne is very great The commodities thereof are Hides and Tallow and Corne in great plentie and some Waxe but not so plentifull as in other places The Mosco is from Ieraslaue two hundred miles The Countrey betwixt them is very well replenished with small Villages which are so well filled with people that it is wonder to see them the ground is well stored with Corne which they carrie to the Citie of Mosco in such abundance that it is wonder to see it You shall meet in a morning seuen or eight hundred Sleds comming or going thither that carrie Corne and some carrie fish You shall haue some that carrie Corne to the Mosco and some that fetch Corne from thence that at the least dwell a thousand miles off and all their carriage is on Sleds Those which come so farre dwell in the North parts of the Dukes Dominions where the cold will suffer no Corne to grow it is so extreme They bring thither Fishes Furres and Beasts skinnes In those parts they haue but small store of Cattell The Mosco it selfe is great I take the whole Towne to be greater then London with the Suburbes but it is very rude and standeth without all order Their houses are all of timber very dangerous for fire There is a faire Castle the walls whereof are of bricke and very high they say they are eighteene foot thicke but I doe not beleeue it it doth not so seeme notwithstanding I doe not certainly know it for no stranger may come to view it The one side is ditched and on the other side runneth a Riuer called Mosâ—ua which runneth into Tartarie and so into the Sea called
that vnto that time it remained dispeopled and full of wilde Swine of the brood that remained there at such time as they were slaine and carried away as you haue heard This Iland and the rest adjoyning thereunto which are very many haue very excellent and sure Ports and Hauens with great store of fish These Ilands endured vntill they came vnto a little Gulfe which is fiue and fortie leagues ouer and is sayled in one day and at the end thereof is the Port of Cabite which is neere vnto Manilla So when that winde and weather serued their turne they departed from the Iland of Ancon and sailed till they came vnto another Iland called Plon where they vnderstood by a ship that was there a fishing how that the Rouer Limahon was escaped in certaine Barkes which he caused to bee made very secretly within his Fort of such Timber and Boards as remained of his ships that were burnt the which was brought in by night by his Souldiers on that side of the Fort which was next vnto the Riuer and were not discouered by the Castillas which were put there with all care and diligence to keepe the mouth that come in to helpe them And towards the Land there whereas he might escape they were without all suspection they were so strong and did not mistrust that any such thing should be put in vre as afterwards did fall out the which was executed with so great policie and craft that when they came to vnderstand it the Rouer was cleane gone and in safeguard calking his Barkes at the Iland of Tocaotican the better for to escape and saue himselfe and they said that it was but eight dayes past that he fled With this newes they all receiued great alteration but in especiall Omoncon and Sinsay After they had remained three weeks in that Harbour detayned with a mighty North-wind that neuer calmed night nor day in all that time The eleuenth day of October two houres before day they set sayle and went to Sea Sixteene leagues from the Port sailing towards the South they discouered a mightie Iland very high Land which was called Tangarruan and was of three score leagues about all inhabited with people like vnto those of the Ilands Philippinas Vpon Sunday in the morning being the seuenteenth day of October they discouered the Iland of Manilla of them greatly desired they sayled towards the Iland that they so long desired to see and came thither the twentie eight day of October as aforesaid So that from the Port of Tansuso which is the first Port of China till they came vnto the Iland of Manilla they were fiue and fortie dayes and is not in all ful two hundred leagues which may be made with reasonable weather in ten dayes at the most I could haue here added two other Voyages of Franciscans to China the one by Peter de Alfaro and other three of his Order 1579. the other 1582. by Ignatio c. both written at large by Mendoza But I hasten to our Iesuites exacter Relations Only I will conclude this Storie with Alfaros returne from China to the Philippinas and his Relation of their Witch-crafts vsed in a Tempest then happening after that two Letters mentioning English ships on that Coast. But it so fell out as they were going alongst the Coast of the Iland for to enter into the Port of Manilla and being within fiue leagues of the entry thereof vpon a sudden there arose the North-wind with so great furie and caused so great a Sea that they found themselues in a great deale more danger then in the other storme past in such sort that they sponed before the winde with their fore-sayle halfe Mast high shaking it selfe all to pieces and in euery minute of an houre readie to be drowned The Chinois for that they are Superstitious and Witches beganne to inuocate and call vpon the Deuill for to bring them out of that trouble which is a thing commonly vsed amongst them at all times when they find themselues in the like perplexitie also they doe request of him to shew them what they should do to bring themselues out of trouble But when the Spaniards vnderstood their dealings they did disturbe them that they should not perseuer in their Lots and Inuocations and beganne to conjure the Deuils which was the occasion that they would not answere vnto the Inuocation of the Chinois who did call them after diuers manners yet they heard a Deuill say that they should not blame them because they did not answere vnto their demand for they could not doe it for that they were disturbed by the conjuration of those Spanish Fathers which they carried with them in their ship So presently when the night was come God was so pleased that the storme ceased and became in few houres very calme although it endured but a while for as they began to set sayle to nauigate towards the Port and almost at the point to enter into the same a new storme seized on them and with so great force that they were constrayned to returne vnto the Sea for feare to bee broken in pieces vpon the shoare The Chinos began anew to inuocate the Deuils by writing which is a way that they neuer let but doe answere them as they did at this instant and were not disturbed by the coniurations of the Fathers yet notwithstanding they lyed in their answer for that they said that within three dayes they should be within the Citie of Manilla and after it was more then foure dayes In conclusion hauing by the fauour of almightie God ouercome all their trauels by the Sea and the necessitie of the lacke of water and victuals they arriued at the desired Port the second day of February Anno 1580. whereas they were receiued by the Gouernour and of all the rest with great ioy c. Two Letters taken out of BARTOLOME LEONARDO DE ARGENSOLA his Treatise called Conquista de las Islas Malucas Printed at Madrid 1609. pagg. 336.337 mentioning the comming of two English ships to China which seeme to bee two ships of the fleet of BENIAMIN WOOD The former written by the Visitor of Chincheo in China vnto the Gouernor of the Philippinas Don PEDRO DE ACVNNA TO the grand Captaine of Luzon Because wee haue vnderstood that the Chineses which went to trade and trafficke into the Kingdome of Luzon haue beene slaine by the Spaniards wee haue made inquisition of the cause of these slaughters and haue besought the King to doe iustice on him that hath beene the cause of so great mischiefe to procure a remedie for the time to come and that the Merchants may liue in peace and safety In the yeeres past before I came hither to be Visitour a certaine Sangley called Tioneg with three Mandarines or Iudges hauing the Kings Passe came to Cabit in Luzon to seeke Gold and Siluer which was all lyes because he found neither Gold
a Beare that lay there and slept awaked and came towards vs to the ship so that wee were forced to leaue our Worke about turning of the ship and to defend our selues against the Beare and shot her into the bodie wherewith she ranne away to the other side of the Iland and swamme into the water and got vp vpon a piece of Ice where she lay still but we comming after her to the piece of Ice where she lay when she saw vs she leapt into the water and swamme to the Land but we got betweene her and the Land and strooke her on the head with a Hatchet but as often as wee strooke at her with the Hatchet she duckt vnder the water whereby wee had much to doe before we could kill her after she was dead we flayed her on the Land and tooke the skinne aboord with vs and after that turned our shippe to a great piece of Ice and made it fast thereunto The sixteenth ten of our men entring into one Boat rowed to the firme Land of Noua Zembla and drew the Boat vp vpon the Ice which done we went vp a high Hill to see the situation of the Land and found that it reached South-east and South South-east and then againe South which wee disliked for that it lay so much Southward but when wee saw open water South-east and East South-east we were much comforted againe thinking that we had wonne our Voyage and knew not how we should get soone enough aboord to certifie William Barents thereof The eighteenth we made preparation to set sayle but it was all in vaine for wee had almost lost our Sheat Anchor and two new Ropes and with much lost labour got to the place againe from whence wee came for the streame ranne with a mightie current and the Ice draue very strongly vpon the Cables along by the ship so that we were in feare that wee should lose all the Cable that was without the ship which was two hundred fathome at the least but God prouided well for vs so that in the end we got to the place againe from whence we put out The nineteenth it was indifferent good weather the Wind blowing South-west the Ice still driuing and wee set sayle with an indifferent gale of Wind and past by the point of Desire whereby we were once againe in good hope and when we had gotten aboue the point we sailed South-east into the Sea-ward foure miles but then againe wee entred into more Ice whereby wee were constrayned to turne backe againe and sayled North-west vntill we came to the Land againe which reacheth from the point of Desire to the head point South and by West six miles from the head point to Flushingers head it reacheth South-west which are three miles one from the other from the Flushingers head it reacheth into the Sea East South-east and from Flushingers head to the point of the Iland it reacheth South-west and by South and South-west three miles and from the Iland point to the point of the Ice Hauen the Land reacheth West South-west foure miles from the Ice Hauens point to the fal of Water or the streame Bay and the low Land it reacheth West and by South and East and by North seuen miles from thence the Land reacheth East and West The one and twentieth we sayled a great way into the Ice Hauen and that night anchored therein next day the streame going exreame hard Eastward wee haled out againe from thence and sayled againe to the Iland point but for that it was misty Weather comming to a piece of Ice wee made the ship fast thereunto because the Wind beganne to blow hard South-west and South South-west There we went vp vpon the Ice and wondred much thereat it was such manner of Ice For on the top it was full of Earth and there wee found aboue fortie Egges and it was not like other Ice for it was of a perfect Azure colour like to the Skies whereby there grew great contention in words amongst our men some saying that it was Ice others that it was frozen Land for it lay vnreasonable high aboue the Water it was at least eighteene fathom vnder the water close to the ground and ten fathome aboue the water there wee stayed all that storme the Wind being South-west and by West The three and twentieth wee sayled againe from the Ice South-eastward into the Sea but entred presently into it againe and woond about to the Ice Hauen The next day it blew hard North North-west and the Ice came mightily driuing in whereby we were in a manner compassed about therewith and withall the Wind beganne more and more to rise and the Ice still draue harder and harder so that the pinne of the Rother and the Rother were shorne in pieces and our Boat was shorne in pieces betweene the ship and the Ice we expecting nothing else but that the ship also would be prest and crusht in pieces with the Ice The fiue and twentieth the Weather began to be better and we tooke great paines and bestowed much labour to get the Ice wherewith we were so inclosed to goe from vs but what meanes soeuer we vsed it was all in vaine but when the Sunne was South-west the Ice began to driue out againe with the streame and we thought to saile Southward about Noua Zembla to the Streights of Mergates seeing we could there find no passage Wee hauing past Noua Zembla were of opinion that our labour was all in vaine and that we could not get through and so agreed to goe that way home againe but comming to the Streame Bay wee were forced to goe backe againe because of the Ice which lay so fast thereabouts and the same night also it froze that wee could hardly get through there with the little wind that we had the Wind then being North. The six and twentieth there blew a reasonable gale of Wind at which time wee determined to sayle backe to the point of Desire and so home againe seeing that wee could not get through the Wergats although we vsed all the meanes and industry wee could to get forward but when we had past by the Ice Hauen the Ice began to driue with such force that wee were inclosed round about therewith and yet we sought all the meanes we could to get out but it was all in vaine and at that time we had like to haue lost three men that were vpon the Ice to make way for the ship if the Ice had held the course it went but as we draue backe againe and that the Ice also whereon our men stood in like sort draue they being nimble as the ship draue by them one of them caught hold of the beak head another vpon the shrouds and the third vpon the great brase that hung out behind and so by great aduenture by the hold that they tooke they got safe into the ship againe for which they thanked God with all their
the decke thinking to finde a Foxe there we sought all the holes but we found none but when we entred into the Cabbin and had stricken fire to see in what case the ship was and whether the water rose higher in it there wee found a Foxe which we tooke and carryed it home and eate it and then we found that in eighteene dayes absence for it was so long since we had beene there the water was risen about a finger high but yet it was all Ice for it froze as fast as it came in and the vessels which wee had brought with vs full of fresh water out of Holland were frozen to the ground The nineteenth it was faire weather the winde being South then we put each other in good comfort that the Sunne was then almost halfe ouer and ready to come to vs againe which wee sore longed for it being a weary time for vs to bee without the Sunne and to want the greatest comfort that God sendeth vnto man heere vpon the earth and that which rejoyceth euery liuing thing The twentieth before noone it was faire cleere weather and then we had taken a Foxe but towards Eeuening there rose such a storme in the South-west with so great a snow that all the house was inclosed therewith The one and twentieth it was faire cleere weather with a North-east winde then we made our doore cleane againe and made a way to goe out and clensed our Traps for the Foxes which did vs great pleasure when we tooke them for they seemed as daintie as Venison vnto vs. The two and twentieth it was foule weather with great store of snow the winde South-west which stopt vp our doore againe and wee were forced to digge it open againe which was almost euery day to doe The three and twentieth it was foule weather the wind South-west with great store of snow but wee were in good comfort that the Sunne would come againe to vs for as we ghest that day hee was in Tropicus Capricorni which is the furthest Signe that the Sunne passeth on the South-side of the line and from thence it turneth Northward againe The foure and twentieth being Christmasse Eeuen it was faire weather then wee opened our doore againe and saw much open water in the Sea for we had heard the Ice cracke and driue although it was not day yet we could see so farre Towards Eeuening it blew hard out of the North-east with great store of Snow so that all the passage that wee had made open before was stopt vp againe The fiue and twentieth being Christmasse day it was foule weather with a North-west winde and yet though it was foule weather we heard the Foxes runne ouer our House wherewith some of our men sayd it was an ill signe and while we sate disputing why it should bee an ill signe some of our men made answer that it was an ill signe because wee could not take them to put them into the Pot or roast them for that had beene a very good signe for vs. The sixe and twentieth it was foule weather the winde North-west and it was so cold that we could not warme vs although wee vsed all the meanes we could with great fires good store of cloathes and with hot stones and billets layd vpon our feete and vpon our bodies as we lay in our Cabbins but notwithstanding all this in the morning our Cabbins were frozen which made vs behold one the other with sad countenance but yet wee comforted our selues againe as well as we could that the Sunne was then as low as it could goe and that it now began to come to vs againe and we found it to bee true for that the Dayes beginning to lengthen the Cold began to strengthen but hope put vs in good comfort and eased our paine The seuen and twentieth it was still foule weather with a North-west wind so that as then wee had not beene out in three dayes together nor durst not thrust our heads out of doores and within the house it was so extreame cold that as we sate before a great Fire and seemed to burne on the fore-side we froze behind at our backes and were all white as the Countrey-men vse to bee when they come in at the gates of the Towne in Holland with their Sleds and haue gone all night The eight and twentieth it was still foule weather with a West wind but about Eeuening it began to cleere vp at which time one of our men made a hole open at one of our doores and went out to see what newes abroad but found it so hard weather that hee stayed not long and told vs that it had snowed so much that the Snow lay higher then our house and that if he had stayed out longer his eares would vndoubtedly haue beene frozen off The nine and twentieth it was calme weather and a pleasant ayre the wind being Southward that day he whose turne it was opened the doore and digged a hole through the Snow where we went out of the house vpon steps as if it had beene out of a Celler at least seuen or eight steps high each step a foote from the other and then we made cleane our Springes for the Foxes whereof for certaine dayes we had not taken any and as we made them cleane one of our men found a dead Foxe in one of them that was frozen as hard as a stone which he brought into the house and thawed it before the fire and after flaying it some of our men eate it The thirtieth it was foule weather againe with a storme out of the West and great store of Snow so that all the labour and paine that we had taken the day before to make steps to goe out of our house and to clense our Springes was all in vaine for it was all couered ouer with Snow againe higher then it was before The one and thirtieth it was still foule weather with a storme out of the North-west whereby we were so fast shut vp into the house as if wee had beene prisoners and it was so extreame cold that the fire almost cast no heate for as we put our feet to the fire we burnt our hose before we could feele the heate so that we had worke enough to doe to patch our hose and which is more if we had not sooner smelt then felt them we should haue burnt them ere we had knowne it After that with great cold danger and disease wee had brought this yeere vnto an end we entred into the yeere of our Lord God 1597. the beginning whereof was in the same manner as the end of Anno 1596. had beene for the weather continued as cold foule and Snowie as it was before so that vpon the first of Ianuary wee were inclosed in the House the winde then being West at the same time wee agreed to share our Wine euery man a small measure full
calme then wee tooke the height of the Sunne and found it to be eleuated aboue the Horizon 18. degrees and 40. minutes his declination being 4. degrees and 40. minutes which being substracted from the height aforesaid there rested 14. degrees which taken from 90. degrees the height of the Pole was 76. degrees The sixt it was still foule weather with a stiffe North-west wind that night there came a Beare to our house and we did the best we could to shoot at her but because it was moist weather and the cocke foisty our Peece would not giue fire wherewith the Beare came boldly toward the house and came downe the staires close to the doore seeking to breake into the house but our Master held the doore fast to and being in great haste and feare could not barre it with the piece of Wood that wee vsed thereunto but the Beare seeing that the doore was shut shee went backe againe and within two houres after shee came againe and went round about and vpon the top of the house and made such a roaring that it was fearefull to heare and at last got to the chimney and made such worke there that wee thought shee would haue broken it downe and tore the sayle that was made fast about it in many pieces with a great and fearefull noise but for that it was night we made no resistance against her because wee could not see her at last she went away and left vs. The fourteenth it was faire cleare weather with a West wind then we saw greater hills of Ice round about the ship then ouer we had seene before which was a fearefull thing to behold and much to be wondred at that the ship was not smitten in pieces The fifteenth it was faire calme weather with a North wind then seuen of vs went aboord the ship to see in what case it was and found it to be all in one sort and as wee came backe againe there came a great Beare toward vs against whom we began to make defence but she perceiuing that made away from vs and we went to the place from whence shee came to see her Den where we found a great hole made in the Ice about a mans length in depth the entrie thereof being very narrow and within wide there we thrust in our Pikes to feele if there was any thing within it but perceiuing it was empty one of our men crept into it but not too farre for it was fearefull to behold after that we went along by the Sea-side and there we saw that in the end of March and the beginning of Aprill the Ice was in such wonderful manner risen and piled vp one vpon the other that it was wonderfull in such manner as if there had beene whole Townes made of Ice with Towres and Bulwarkes round about them The sixteenth it was foule weather the wind North-west whereby the Ice began somewhat to breake The seuenteenth it was faire cleare weather with a South-west wind and then seuen of vs went to the ship and there we saw open water in the Sea and then wee went ouer the Ice-hills as well as we could to the water for in sixe or seuen moneths we had not gone so neere vnto it and when we got to the water there we saw a little bird swimming therein but as soone as it espied vs it diued vnder the water which we tooke for a signe that there was more open water in the Sea then there had beene before and that the time approached that the water would open The eighteenth of Aprill it was faire weather the wind South-west then wee tooke the height of the Sunne and it was eleuated aboue the Horizon 25. degrees and 10. minutes his declination 11. degrees and 12. minutes which being taken from the height aforesaid there rested 13. degrees and 58. minutes which substracted from 90. degrees the height of the Pole was found to be 75. degrees 58. minutes then eleuen of vs went with a Sled to fetch more Wood and brought it to the house in the night there came another Beare vpon our house which we hearing went all out with our Armes but the Beare ran away The eight and twentieth it was faire weather with a North wind then we tooke the height of the Sunne againe and found it to bee eleuateed 28. degrees and 8. minutes his declination 14. degrees and 8. minutes which substracted from 90. degrees there rested 76. degrees for the height of the Pole The nine and twentieth it was faire weather with a South-west wind then we played at Colfe both to the ship and from thence againe homewards to exercise our selues The thirtieth it was faire weather the wind South-west then in the night wee could see the Sunne in the North when it was in the highest iust aboue the Horizon so that from that time wee saw the Sunne both night and day §. III. Their preparation to goe from thence they depart in a Boat and Scute both open and come to Cola 1143. miles Their many dangers by Beares Ice Famine Scorbute in the way THe first of May it was faire weather with a West wind then wee sod our last flesh which for a long time we had spared and it was still very good and the last morsell tasted as well as the first and we found no fault therein but onely that it would last no longer The second it was foule weather with a storme out of the South-west whereby the Sea was almost cleare of Ice and then wee beganne to speake about getting from thence for we had kept house long enough there The third it was still foule weather with a South-west wind whereby the Ice began wholly to driue away but it lay fast about the ship and when our best meate as flesh and other things beganne to faile vs which was our greatest sustenance and that it behooued vs to be somewhat strong to sustaine the labour that wee were to vndergoe when we went from thence the Master shared the rest of the Bacon amongst vs which was a small Barrell with salt Bacon in pickle whereof euery one of vs had two ounces a day which continued for the space of three weekes and then it was eaten vp The fourth it was indifferent faire weather the wind South-west that day fiue of vs went to the ship and found it lying still as fast in the Ice as it did before for about the middle of March it was but seuenty fiue paces from the open water and then it was fiue hundred paces from the water and enclosed round about with high hills of Ice which put vs in no small feare how wee should bring our Scute and our Boat through or ouer that way into the water when wee went to leaue that place That night there came a Beare to our house but as soone as shee heard vs make a noyse she ranne away againe one of our men that climbed vp in the Chimney saw when shee
long experience The last of August came into Pechorskoi Zaâ—orot or the Hauen of Pechora sixe and twentie Lodias or Boats which was the Fleet set out from Oustiug Colmogro Pinega and Mezen all of them being bound for Mongosey but hauing been crossed with contrary winds the time of the yeere being spent they gaue ouer their intended Voyage purposing with the next faire wind to sayle to the Towne of Pechora there to lay vp their Lodias and commodities till the next Spring and themselues with their small Boats or Wherries to goe home passing from thence vp the Riuer of Peoza which they told me they could easily doe in a moneths time As soone as this Fleet of Lodias was come to an anchor many of them came aboord of our ship wondring to see a ship there They demanded of me how wee came thither and what the intent of our comming was and whither we purposed to sayle from thence Among these were some which seemed to be Merchants who asked to buy Lists remnants of Cloth Cap-clothes Aqua vitae especially they asked for small Pewter Dâ—shes which I vnderstand to be a commoditie sold by them to the Samoyeds at a great rate I answered them that the goods which wee had brought were part already at Pechora and the rest was to be transported thither as soone as the Vessell came that was hired to carrie the same vp so that if any of them were minded to buy of our commodities they might haue it of one of our Countrey-men there After which two or three of them demanded of me whether I would buy any Sables or Squerrils which was but a brag At this time many of them being on boord together some of them were in priuate talke which was my chance to ouer-heare and was as followeth If these Neamchines or Strangers resort to these places it will be an occasion in short time to make vs to be without Bread The like speeches I heard a little before of two men of Pinega and of an old man remayning in Pechora that came downe to our ship with the Feathers Touching the goods left with William Pursgloue Marmaduke Wilson and the Russe in regard the same lay in no good place we were desirous to haue hired one of their Russe Boats to haue carried the same to the Towne at a reasonable rate the rather because it was on their way and their Boats were not ouerladen which they with two Boats might haue done with ease yet they would not vnlesse wee would giue them thirtie or fiue and twentie Rubbels at the least and that with Condition that they might distribute into each Boate somewhat thereof Therefore vnderstanding their vnreasonable demand hauing a Boate already hyred wee vtterly refused to talke with them any further thereof especially when they were minded to diuide the goods into all the sixe and twentie Lodias or Boates which had beene a tricke to haue lost all The first of August leauing Master Iosias Logan William Pursgloue and Marmaduke Wilson at Pechora wee sayled ouer the Barre of Pechorskoie Zauorot directing our course for Noua Zembla till that wee had runne so farre and were so inclosed in huge Ice that in a Day and a Night we could goe neither backward nor forward And finding no meanes to proceed on our intended Voyage for Noua Zembla wee cleared our selues out of that place Truth it is that this hath beene an hard Summer to all the Russes both to them which were bound for Mongozey and those that went to kill Morses and fishing of a certayne Fish called Omeli From the foresayd place wee set our course for Cherie Iland intending to meete with the I le of Colgoiene and Willoughbies Land With Colgoiene wee met but we missed of the other The seuenth of August William Gourdon and I with our Shallop went on shoare This Colgoiene is a very long and broad Iland with many Vallies in it On the same are many Geese which the Russes vse to take with Nets in the time of the yeere before they bee ouer fledge In this Iland seemeth to bee store of Hawkes Heere William Gourdon and our Cooper caught two Hawkes whereof one was spoyled in the taking the other remayneth aliue The thirteenth of August wee arriued at Cherie Iland standing in 74. degrees and odde minutes and Anchored in the South Coue finding the same very cleare of Ice And presently after our Ship was at an Anchor Iames Vadin the Master William Gourdon and I went on shoare on the Coue to looke for Morses Here we found a certayne Note which was left there by Thomas Edge the effect of which was That he arriued there with three Shalops from Greenland and that there he had found the Ship called the Elizabeth and that hee was gone in her to Greenland the foure and twentieth of Iuly hoping to finde the goods which hee had left there and that hee did purpose to returne againe to Cherie Iland with as much speed as could be made Subscribed Thomas Edge At our comming to the Iland wee had three or foure dayes together very fine weather in which time came in reasonable store of Morses both at the South Coue and at the North-side and wee were in good hope we should haue made a sauing Voyage Neuerthelesse though there were store of Beasts yet by no meanes would they goe on those beaches and places that formerly they haue beene killed on But fortie or fiftie of them together went into little holes within the Rocke which were so little steepe and slipperie that as soone as wee did approach towards them they would tumble all into the Sea The like whereof by the Masters and William Gourdons report was neuer done For lying as they did and being so shey as they were it was not possible to doe any good vpon them Moreouer to get them off these foresaid Rockes to make them come on shoare vpon their accustomed places the Master and our men on both sides of the Iland went to driue them away yet they would not But by often driuing of them out of their holes we killed as many as wee could In the end the weather growing stormie and cold there were few or none of them left Wherefore seeing all hope of good to be done of them to be past wee departed from thence the sixe and twentieth of August 1611. for England We did not perceiue any Ship of Hull to haue beene there this Summer Hauing touched the chiefest points of our Voyage I thinke it meete to set downe somewhat of the State Commodities and Trade of Pechora Oust Zilma and Parmia The Towne of Pechora is small hauing three Churches in it and the most part of the people are poore In the Spring and a great part of the Summer they liue by catching of Partridges Geese Duckes and Swannes of which they euery Summer take a great number The flesh of these Fowles
and we supposed Beares had beene heere by their footing and dung vpon the Ice This day many of my Companie were sicke with eating of Beares flesh the day before vnsalted The twelfth for the most part was thicke fogge we steered betweene South and by East and South South-east 2. 1 ◠leagues to cleere vs of the Ice Then we had the wind at South we steered till noone North-east fiue leagues This morning we had our shrouds frozen At noone by our accompt we were in 80. degrees being little wind at West South-west almost calme with thicke fogge This after-noone we steered away North and sometimes North-east Then we saw Ice a head off vs we cast about and stood South-east with little wind and fogge Before we cast about by meanes of the thicke fogge we were very neere Ice being calme and the Sea setting on to the Ice which was very dangerous It pleased God at the very instant to giue vs a small gale which was the meanes of our deliuerance to him be praise therefore At twelue this night it cleered vp and out of the top William Collins our Boat-swaine saw the Land called Newland by the Hollanders bearing South South-west twelue leagues from vs. The thirteenth in the Morning the wind at South and by East a good gale we cast about and stood North-east and by East and by obseruation we were in 80. degrees 23. minutes This day we saw many Whales This fore-noone proued cleere weather and we could not see any signe of Ice out of the top Betweene noone and three of the clocke we steered away North-east and by East fiue leagues then we saw Ice on head off vs we steered East two Glasses one league and could not be cleare of the Ice with that course Then we steered away South-east two leagues ½ after we sayled East and by North and East foure leagues till eight the next morning The foureteenth in the morning was calme with fogge At nine the wind at East a small gale with thicke fogge we steered South-east and by East and running this course we found our Greene Sea againe which by proofe we found to be freest from Ice and our Azure Blue Sea to be our Icie Sea At this time we had more Birds then we vsually found At noone being a thicke fogge we found our selues neere Land bearing East off vs and running farther we found a Bay open to the West and by North Northerly the bottome and sides thereof being to our sight very high and ragged Land The Norther side of this Bayes mouth being high land is a small Iland the which we called Collins Cape by the name of our Boat-swaine who first saw it In this Bay we saw many Whales and one of our company hauing a Hooke and Line ouer-boord to trie for Fish a Whale came vnder the Keele of our ship and made her held yet by Gods mercie we had no harme but the losse of the hooke and three parts of the line At a South-west Sunne from the North-west and by North a flood set into the Bay At the mouth of this Bay we had sounding thirtie fathoms and after sixe and twentie fathoms but being farther in we had no ground at an hundred fathoms and therefore judged it rather a Sound then a Bay Betweene this high ragged in the swampes and vallies lay much snow Heere wee found it hot On the Souther side of this Bay lye three or foure small Ilands or Rockes In the bottome of this Bay Iohn Colman my Mate and William Collins my Boat-swaine with two others of our company went on shoare and there they found and brought aboord a payre of Morses teeth in the jaw they likewise found Whales bones and some dosen or more of Deeres Hornes they saw the footings of Beasts of other sorts they also saw Rote-geese they saw much drift Wood on the shoare and found a streame or two of Fresh water Here they found it hot on the shoare and dranke water to coole their thirst which they also commended Here we found the want of a better Ship-boate As they certified me they were not on the shoare past halfe an houre and among other things brought aboord a Stone of the Countrey When they went from vs it was calme but presently after we had a gale of wind at North-east which came with the Flood with fogge We plyed too and againe in the Bay waiting their comming but after they came aboord we had the wind at East and by South a fine gale we minding our Voyage and the time to performe it steered away North-east and North North-east This night proued cleere and we had the Sunne on the Meridian on the North and by East part of the Compasse from the vpper edge of the Horizon with the Crosse-staffe we found his height 10. degrees 40. minutes without allowing any thing for the Semidiameter of the Sunne or the distance of the end of the staffe from the Center in the Eye From a North Sunne to an East Sunne we sayled betweene North and North North-east eight leagues The fifteenth in the morning was very cleere vveather the Sunne shining vvarme but little vvind at East Southerly By a South-east Sunne vve had brought Collins Cape to beare off vs South-east and we saw the high Land of Newland that part by vs Discouered on our starboord eight or ten leagues from vs trending North-east and by East and South-west and by West eighteene or twentie leagues from vs to the North-east being a very high Mountaynous land like ragged Rockes vvith snow betweene them By mine account the Norther part of this Land which now vve saw stretched into 81. degrees All this day proued cleere vveather little Wind and reasonable vvarme The sixteenth in the morning warme and cleere weather the vvind at North. This morning we saw that vve vvere compassed in with Ice in abundance lying to the North to the North-vvest the East and South-east and being runne toward the farthest part of the Land by vs discouered which for the most part trendeth nearest hand North-east and South-west vvee saw more Land ioyning to the same trending North in our sight by meanes of the cleernesse of the vveather stretching farre into 82. degrees and by the bowing or shewing of the skie much farther Which when I first saw I hoped to haue had a free Sea betweene the Land and the Ice and meant to haue compassed this Land by the North. But now finding by proofe it vvas vnpossible by means of the abundance of Ice compassing vs about by the North and ioyning to the land and seeing God did blesse vs with a faire wind to sayle by the South of this Land to the North-east vve returned bearing vp the Helme minding to hold that part of the Land vvhich the Hollanders had discouered in our fight and if contrary vvindes should take vs to Harbour there and to trie what vve could finde to the charge of
at eight of the clocke at night the Souther part of Lofoote did beare South-east ten leagues off vs. The fiue and twentieth much wind at North-east with some snow and haile The first watch the wind came to the East a fine gale and so came to the North-east the second watch at foure of the clocke and freshed in And at eight of the clocke it grew to a storme and so continued At noone we obserued and made the ship to be in 67. degrees 58. minutes Wee continued our course South-west twelue leagues a watch At nine of the clocke Lofoote did beare East of vs 15. leagues off And we found the Compasse to haue no variation The wind increased to a storme The six and twentieth was a great storme at the North North-east and North-east Wee steered away South-west afore the wind with our fore-course abroad for wee were able to maintayne no more sayles it blew so vehemently and the Sea went so high and brake withall that it would haue dangered a small ship to lye vnder the Sea So we skudded seuenty leagues in foure and twentie houres The storme began to cease at foure of the clocke The seuen and twentieth indifferent faire weather but a good stiffe gale of wind at North and North North-east wee held on our course as before At noone wee obserued and found our heigth to be 64. degrees 10. minutes And wee perceiued that the Current had hindred vs in fortie eight houres to the number of 16. leagues to our best judgement We set our mayne-sayle sprit-sayle and our mayne-top-sayle and held on our course all night hauing faire weather The eight and twentieth faire weather and little wind at North-east we held on our course South-west At noone wee obserued the heigth and were in 62. degrees and 30. minutes The after-noone was little wind at North North-west The second watch it fell calme At foure of the clocke wee had sight of the Iles called Farre and found them to lye out of their place in the Sea Chart fourteene leagues to farre Westerly For in running South-west from Lofoote wee had a good care to our steerage and obseruations and counted our selues thirtie leagues off by our course and obseruation and had sight of them sixteene or eighteene leagues off The nine and twentieth faire weather sometimes calme and sometimes a gale with the wind varying at South-west and so to the North-east Wee got to the Ilands but could not get in So we stood along the Ilands The ebbe being come we durst not put in The thirtieth faire weather the wind at South-east and East South-east In the morning we turned into a Road in Stromo one of the Ilands of Farre betweene Stromo and Mugge-nes and got in by nine of the clocke for it flowed so there that day And assoone as we came in we went to Romage and sent our Boat for water and filled all our emptie Caskes with fresh water Wee made in end of our Romaging this night by ten of the clocke The one and thirtieth faire Sun-shining weather the wind at East South-east In the forenoone our Master with most of his Company went on shoare to walke and at one of the clocke they returned aboord Then we set sayle The first of Iune stilo nouo faire Sun-shining weather the wind at East South-east We continued on our course South-west and by West At noone wee obserued the Sunne and found our heigth to be 60. degrees 58. minutes and so continued on our course all night with faire weather This night we lighted Candles in the Bittacle againe The second mystie weather the wind at North-east At noone we steered away West South-west to find Busse Iland discouered in the yeere 1578. by one of the ships of Sir Martin Frobisher to see if it lay in her true latitude in the Chart or no wee continued our course as before all night with a faire gale of wind this night we had sight of the first stars and our water was changed colour to a white greene The Compasse had no variation The third faire Sun-shining weather the wind at North-east We steered on our course South-west and by West with a stiffe gale of wind At noone we obserued and found our heigth to bee 58. degrees 48. minutes And I was before the ship 16. leagues by reason of the Current that held vs so strong out of the South-west For it is eight leagues in foure and twentie houres We accounted our selues neere Busse Iland by mid-night we looked out for it but could not see it The fourth in the morning was much wind with fogge and raine Wee steered away South-west by west all the fore-noone the wind so increasing that wee were enforced to take in our top-sayle the winde continuing so all the after-noone Wee steered away South-west all the fore-part of the night and at ten of the clocke at night it was little wind and that was at South and so came vp to the South South-east The fift stormie weather and much wind at South and South by East so that at foure of the clocke in the morning we tooke in our fore-sayle and lay a try with our mayne corse and tryed away West North-west foure leagues But at noone it was lesse wind and the Sunne shewed forth and we obserued and found our heigth to be 56. degrees 21. minutes In the after-noone the wind vered to and fro betweene the South-west and the South-east with raine and fogge and so continued all night Wee found that our ship had gone to the VVestward of our course The sixth thicke hasie weather with gusts of wind and showers of raine The wind varied betweene East South-East and South-west wee steered on many courses a West South-west way The afternoone watch the wind was at East South-east a stiffe gale with myst and raine Wee steered away South-west by West eight leagues At noone the Sunne shone forth and we found the heigth to bee 56. degrees 8. minutes The seuenth faire sun-shining weather all the fore-noone and calme vntill twelue of the clocke In the after-noone the wind came to the North-west a stiffe gale We steered South-west by West and made a South-west way At noone we found the height to bee 56. degrees one minute and it continued all night a hard gale The eight stormy weather the wind variable betweene West and North-west much wind at eight of the clocke wee tooke off our Bonnets At noone the Sunne shewed forth and wee obserued and our height was 54. degrees 30. minutes The ninth faire sun-shining weather and little wind all the fore-part of the day vntill eleuen of the clocke Then the wind came to the South South-east and we steered away West South-west At noone we found our height to bee 53. degrees and 45. minutes and we had made our way South by West ten leagues In the after-noone the wind increased and continued all night at East North-east and East The
all night At noone I found the height 43. degrees 6. minutes The variation one point VVest The thirtieth faire sun-shining weather the winde at South-west and by VVest we steered North-west and by VVest And made our way so by reason of the variation of the Compasse At noone I found the height to bee 43. degrees 18. minutes wee continued our course all night and made our way North-west and by VVest halfe a point VVesterly fiue and twentie leagues The first of Iuly close mystie and thicke weather but a faire gale of wind at South-west and South-west by South We steered away North-west and by West Westerly and made our way so by reason of the variation of the Compasse At eight of the clocke at night wee sounded for the Banke of New-found Land but could get no ground The second thicke mystie weather but little wind and that at West and West and by South At eight of the clocke in the morning we cast about to the Southward and when our ship was on stayes we sounded for the Banke and had ground in thirtie fathoms white sand and shells and presently it cleered and we had sight of a sayle but spake not with her In the night we had much Rayne Thunder and Lightning and wind shifting The third faire Sun-shining weather with a faire gale of wind at East North-east and wee steered away West South-west by our Compasse which varyed 17. degrees Westward This morning we were among a great Fleet of French-men which lay Fishing on the Banke but we spake with none of them At noone wee found our heighth to bee 43. degrees 41. minutes And we sounded at ten of the clocke and had thirtie fathoms gray sand At two of the clocke wee sounded and had fiue and thirtie fathoms gray sand At eight of the clocke at night we sounded againe and had eight and thirtie fathoms gray sand as before The fourth at the fore-part of the day cleere with a faire gale of wind but variable betweene the East North-east and South and by East wee held on our course as before The after-noone was mystie the wind shifting betweene the South and the West till foure of the clocke Then we tooke in our top-sayle and sprit-sayle and sounded and had no ground in seuentie fathoms The winde shifted still vntill eight of the clocke then it came to the North North-east and North-east and by North and we steered away West North-west by our varyed Compasse which made a West way halfe point North. The Compasse varyed 15. degrees from the North to the West The fift faire sun-shining weather the wind at North-east and by North we steered away West North-west which was West halfe a point North. At noone we found our heighth to be 44. degrees 10. minutes and sounded and had no ground in one hundred fathoms The after-noone proued calme sometimes and somtimes little wind vntill nine of the clocke in the night Then the wind came to the East and we held on our course At mid-night I obserued and found the height to bee 44. degrees 10. minutes by the North Starre and the Scorpions heart The Compasse varyed 13. degrees The sixth the fore-part of the day faire weather and a stiffe gale of wind betweene South South-east and South-west wee steered West and by North and West North-west The after-part of the day from two of the clocke was all foggie and thicke weather the wind a hard gale varying betweene South-west and by South and West and by North we made our way North-west halfe a point Northerly nineteene leagues vpon many points foure Watches At night at eight of the clocke we sounded and had no ground at one hundred fathoms The seuenth faire sun-shining weather the wind varying betweene West and by North and West and by South At foure of the clocke in the morning we cast about to the Southward and stood so till one in the after-noone At noone we found our height to be 44. degrees 26. minutes At seuen of the clocke we tackt to the Northward At eight at night we tackt to the Southward and sounded and had nine and fiftie fathoms white sand The eight in the fore-noone faire weather but the morning foggie till seuen of the clocke At foure of the clocke in the morning we sounded and had fiue fortie fathoms fine white sand and we had runne fiue leagues South and by West Then wee stood along one Glasse and went one league as before Then we stood one Glasse and sounded and had sixtie fathoms Then wee ta kt and stood backe to the Banke and had fiue and twentie fathoms and tryed for Fish and it fell calme and we caught one hundred and eighteene great Coddes from eight a clocke till one and after Dinner wee tooke twelue and saw many great Scoales of Herrings Then wee had a gale of wind at South and it shifted to the West North-west and we stood three Glasses and sounded and had sixtie fathomes and stood two Glasses and had two and fortie fathoms red stones and shells So wee sounded euery Glasse and had seuerall soundings 35.33.30.31.32.33 and 34. fathoms The ninth faire calme weather we lay becalmed all day and caught some Fish but not much because we had small store of salt At three of the clocke in the after-noone wee had a gale at South-east and South South-east and we steered away Westerly our Compasse was West and by South halfe a point South At foure of the clocke we sounded and had but fifteene seuenteene and nineteene fathoms on a fishing Banke and we founded euery Glasse Then we could get no ground in fiue and twentie fathoms and had sight of a sayle on head off vs. At noone our height was 44. degrees 27. minutes We stood to the Westward all night and spake with a French-man which lay Fishing on the Banke of Sablen in thirtie fathoms and we saw two or three more The tenth very mystie and thicke weather the wind at South-west a faire gale We stood to the South-ward and made our way South-east and by East At twelue of the clocke we sounded and had eight and fortie fathoms againe at two we sounded and had fiftie fathoms And at sixe of the clocke we sounded and had eight and fortie fathoms on the end of the Banke Againe at eight of the clocke at night wee sounded and had no ground in eightie fathomes and were ouer the Banke So wee stood along till mid-night The Compasse varyed 17. degrees to the Westward The eleuenth very thicke and mystie weather At twelue of the clocke at night we cast about to the Westward and stood so all day and made our way West North-west We sounded at twelue of the clocke but had no ground so we stood to the Westward all the fore-part of the night and sounded but could get no ground in fiftie or sixtie fathoms till mid-night Then I sounded and had ground at fifteene fathoms white
Southwards and to see what Commodities I could find that way At nine of the clocke I was neere the Ice-sound where I met with much Ice which put mee from the Land and I was enforced to 〈◊〉 South-west and by South to shunne it the winde at North-west which blew hard with fogges The wind increased I stood towards Cherrie Iland if possible I could attayne it for fogges and Ice The thirtieth day at foure of the clocke in the morning I saw no Ice hauing kept to certayne course by reason of the Ice which I had past the winde at North and by West cold foggie weather with raine From the time aboue-said till twelue of the clocke at noone I sayled South South-east and ranne fifteene leagues the same wind and weather at which time I sounded had eightie fathoms greene oze like Kowes dung I sounded at two of the clocke and at foure of the clock the first eightie eight the second eightie two fathomes and sayled sixe leagues the formes course wind and weather At which time I heard a breach which proued Ice then I steered West to eschew it the fogges being so thicke that I could not see one Cables length The last of Iuly at noone I had sayled South and by East halfe a point Southerly eight leagues hauing little wind and sounded and found one hundred and fortie fathomes thicke foggie weather and in haling vp the Lead a fish followed it to the top of the water then I tryed to take fish but could not At foure of the clocke in the afternoone the winde came Southerly and I stood to the Westward by reason the Ice lay both to the South and East of vs at a North 〈◊〉 it was cleere weather and I saw the Ice round about vs cold weather with frost The first of August we beat in the Ice till noone but could finde no end thereof because it was so foggie and the Ice packed very close yet after many intricate courses I got to the Westward◠of it at mid-night the same day the winde at South-east cold weather with raine and fogges And after I had seene so much Ice that I could not come neere Cherry Iland to prosecute the rest of my Voyage I determined to stand for England as God would giue me leaue From mid-night the first day till eight of the clocke the second day before noone I sayled South-west and by South fiue leagues the wind at East South-east thicke fogges with raine From the second day at eight of the clocke till the third day at twelue of the clock at noone I sayled West South-west fifteene leagues the wind at South and by East wet foggie weather From noone abouesaid till twelue at noone the fourth day I sayled foure leagues South the winde variable and the most part of that time calme and so continued till eight of the clocke at night at which time the wind came to the South and by East and blew very hard from the fourth day at noon till the fift day at noone I sayled South-west Westerly seuen leagues The sixt day the winde was at South-east cleere weather at noone I found the shippe in 73. degrees the North Cape bearing by my computation East South-east Easterly The seuenth day at noone I found the ship in 72. degrees 22. minutes indifferent faire weather And from the seuenth day at noone till the eight day at noone I sayled foure and twentie leagues the course South South-west the wind at South-east and by East at which time it beganne to be very foggie and the winde came to the South but immediatly it was calme and continued so till mid-night Then the wind came to the North little wind and at a South Sunne the ninth day I had sayled South seuen leagues From the ninth day at noone till the tenth day at that time I sayled South and ranne seuen leagues South it being calme most part of the day with much rayne and fogges From twelue the tenth day till noone the eleuenth day I sayled South and by West and ranne seuenteene leagues the wind Northerly And from the eleuenth day at noone till the twelfth at that time I sayled South and by West eighteene leagues the winde at North North-west faire weather From noone the twelfth day vntill twelue at noone the thirteenth day I sayled South and by West fortie eight leagues the wind betweene the North and the West North-west gustie weather From the thirteenth at noone till the fourteenth at noone I sayled South and by West fortie fiue leagues the wind betwixt the West North-west and the West South-west gustie weather latitude 64. degrees 21. minutes From the fourteenth day at noone till the fifteenth day at that time I sayled South and by West nine and twentie leagues at which time I obserued and found the ship in 62. degrees 53. minutes faire weather the wind at North. At foure of the clocke the same day I saw Skutsnesse in Norway seuenteene leagues off and bearing South-east from whence I hold it superfluous to write it being a place well knowne The last of August I arriued at London Blessed be God for euer and euer Amen A briefe note what Beasts Fowles and Fishes were seene in this Land BEasts Buckes and Does white Beares and Foxes of colour dunne and grey Fowles white Partridges a small land Bird like a Sparrow partly white and partly browne a Fowle with a combe and a tayle like a Cock a redde Fowle of the bignesse of a Pidgeon a white Fowle with a greene bill the top of the bill of it and the eyes were redde with blacke feet Wild Geese Coluidines Gulls Sea-mewes Willockes Noddies Ice-birds Reeks and Sea-pidgeons Fishes great store of Whales Gramposes Mohorses the white fish I spake of the seuenth of Iune a small fish like Cuplen likewise I saw the bones of Cods or Haddocks but could take no fish I often looked for Shel-fish but could take none diuers of my company did see two Beauers CHAP. II. A Commission for IONAS POOLE our Seruant appointed Master of a small Barke called the Elizabeth of fiftie tunnes burthen for Discouerie to the Northward of Greenland giuen the last day of March 1610. IN as much as it hath pleased Almightie God through the industry of your selfe and others to discouer vnto our Nation a Land lying in eightie degrees toward the North-pole We are desirous not only to discouer farther to the Northward along the said Land to find whether the same be an Iland or a Mayne and which way the same doth trend either to the Eastward or to the Westward of the Pole as also whether the same be inhabited by any people or whether there be an open Sea farther Northward then hath beene alreadie discouered For accomplishing of all which our desires we haue made choice of you and to that end haue entertayned you into our seruice for certayne yeares vpon a stipend certayne not doubting but you will so
the moneth of May. This day we saw great store of Gulles which followed our Ship sundry dayes The eight and twentieth the winde being at North and by West wee directed our course to the Westward and about twelue of the clocke the same night we descried the land of America in the latitude of 62. degrees and 30. minutes which we made to be Warwicks foreland This Headland rose like an Iland And when we came neere the Foreland we saw foure small Ilands to the Northwards and three small Ilands to the Southward of the same Foreland The Foreland was high land all the topâ— of the hils were couered with Snow The three small Ilands to the Southward were also white that we could not discerne them from Ilands of Ice also there was great store of drift Ice vpon the Eastside of this Foreland but the Sea was altogether voide of Ice the Land did lye North and by East and South and by West being six leagues of length The nine and twentieth at sixe of the clocke in the morning wee were within three leagues of this Foreland then the winde came vp at North-east and by East a good stiffe gale with fogge and wee were forced to stand to the Southward because wee could not wether the Land to the Northward and as wee stood to the Southward along by Warwicks Foreland we could discerne none otherwise but that it was an Iland Which if it fall out to be so then Lâ—â—leys Inlet and the next Southerly Inlet where the great Current setteth to the West must of necessitie be one Sea which will be the greatest hope of the passage that way The thirtieth the winde was at North-east with fogge and Snow This day wee came into a great whirling of a Current being in the latitude of 61. degrees and about twelue leagues from the coast of America The first day of Iuly the winde was at West with fogge and Snow the ayre being very cold This day wee came into many Ouerfals which seemed to runne a great current but which way it did set wee could not well discerne The greatest likelihood was that it should set to the West But hauing contrary windes some sixteene or seuenteene dayes we alwayes lay in trauerse among these ouerfals but could neuer finde any great current by our courses wee sounded sometimes but could get no ground in one hundred and twentie fathomes The second day wee descried a maine Banke of Ice in the latitude of 60. degrees the winde was at North North-west and very faire weather Wee wanting fresh water did sayle close to this Land of Ice and hoysed out our Boate and loaded her twice with Ice which made vs very good fresh water Within twenty leagues of the coast of America wee should oftentimes come into many great ouerfals Which doth manifestly shew that all the coast of America is broken Land The third the winde was at South-west very foggie and as wee stood toward the coast of America wee met with another maine Banke of Ice The fogge was so thicke that we were hard by the Ice before wee could see it But it pleased God that the winde was faire to put vs cleare from this Ice againe and presently it began to cleare vp so that wee could see two or three leagues off but we could see no end of the Ice Wee iudged this Ice to be some tenne leagues from the coast of America We found the water to be very blackish and thicke like puddle water The eight the winde was at North North-west very faire weather wee standing to the Westwards met with a mighty maine Banke of Ice which was a great length and breadth and it did rest close to the shoare And at eleuen of the clocke in the forenoone wee descried againe the Land of America in the latitude of 63. degrees and 53. minutes being very high Land and it did rise as Ilands the toppes being couered with Snow This Land was South-west and by West some fiue leagues off vs we could come no neerer it for the great quantitie of Ice which rested by the shoare side The ninth the winde being at North-east and by Last blew so extreamely that we were forced to stand to the Southward both to cleare our selues of the Land and of the Ice for the day before we passed a great banke of Ice which was some foureteene leagues to the Eastward of vs when the storme began but thankes be to God we cleared our selues both of the Land and of the Ice This day in the afternoone the storme grew so extreame that we were forced to stand along with our forecourse to the Southward The seuenteenth was very foggie the winde being at East and about two of the clocke in the afternoone wee saw foure great Ilands of Ice of a huge bignesse and about foure of the clocke we came among some small scattered Ice and supposed our selues to be neere some great Banke The fogge was very thicke but the winde large to stand backe the same way wee came in or else it would haue indangered our liues very much And at nine of the clocke at night we heard a great noyse as though it had bin the breach of some shoare Being desirous to see what it was we stood with it and found it to be the noyse of a great quantity of Ice which was very loathsome to be heard Then wee stood North North-west and the fogge continued so thicke that wee could not see two Shippes length from vs whereupon we thought good to take in some of our sayles and when our men came to hand them they found our sayles ropes and tacklings so hard frozen that it did seeme very strange vnto vs being in the chiefest time of Summer The eighteenth day the winde was at North-east and by North the ayre being very cleere and extreame cold with an exceeding great frost and our course was North-west This day in the forenoone when we did set our sayles we found our ropes and tacklings harder frozen then they were the day before which frost did annoy vs so much in the vsing of our ropes and sayles that wee were enforced to breake off the Ice from our ropes that they might runne through the blockes And at two of the clocke in the afternoone the winde began to blow very hard with thicke fogge which freezed so fast as it did fall vpon our sayles ropes and tackling that we could not almost hoyse or strike our sayles to haue any vse of them This extreame frost and long continuance thereof was a maine barre to our proceeding to the Northward and the discouraging of all our men The nineteenth day the winde was at North and by East and our course to the Eastwards The same night following all our men conspired secretly together to beare vp the helme for England while I was asleepe in my Cabin and there to haue kept mee by force vntill I had sworn
windes ibid. And by Westerly 925.50 Raines euer and neuer where 936. The reason 937 Rainebow with both ends vpwards 222.50 Rainebow the fable of it 275.40 Raine-Deere backnyed out 537.20 They feed vpon white Mosse 548 10. The chiefe riches of the Samoieds 555 Reasons of a Northwest Passage 848 849 Rebaptization vsed by the Russe 451. 786.40 Their Catechising and other Ceremonies ibid. Rebat the Kingdome 311.1 Rebellion how preuented in China 376.30 Records of the Peruuians kept by knots 1053.20 Red the King of Chinaâ—s Colour 208 20 Red Painting forbidden to priuate Houses in China 407.60 The peculiar Colour wherein Visitors come to the Kings throne 405.10 Red Sea or the Straight of Mecca 252.50 in marg Redemption of wilde Creatures 398.30 Reedes exceeding hard and great 382.20 Reedes or Canes of the West Indies Houses and Qâ—iuers made of them their knots full of pure water 983.50 Refining of Gold wherewithall 943 50. Of Siluer 944.1.10 947 The manner 950.20 Region of Darkenesse where the Sunne appeares not in Winter 107.10 110.40 Religion in Muscouia 217. 218. 227. 228.217.30 Religion of Musconia 444.445 c. According to the Greeke Church ibid. Religion of Mugalla like the Russes 800.1 Religion of the Crim Tartars 441 10. Their opinions of Christ ibid. Their Idols Religion of the Mexicans 1026. c. Religion in Peru the vniformitie of it euery where 1057.1 Remission of sentence is Almes-deedes 272.10 Rendacalem the Citie 281.30 Renkanes Promontory in East Iseland 654.60 Reobarte the Countrey 71.30 Resurrection an inckling of it in China 274.20 And after that all shall remaine in the Moone ibid. Reidarfiall Mountaine in Island 654.20 Reidarfiard Bay in Island 654.30 Reuelation not read in the Russian Church 452.30 Reward after Death the Chinois opinion of it 201 Rheâ—orike the Fauorite-study of China 370 Rhinocerotes where called Badas their Horne good against the Piles 169.10 Vsed to Carriages 277 60 Rhubarb 362.40 Where it growes 76.50 In China 97 50 Rhubarb described 164.40 The price of it there ibid. Called Rouen Câ—ni 165 Rialarnes Prouince in Island 665 Ribbes of the Examined broken or pincht 434 Rica or Rie in Liefland 627.10 Or Rigaâ—o Rice the King of Chinaes tribute payed in 364. The chiefe food of China ibid. Rice growes in Marishes 178. â—0 Rice Bread 91.40 Richard Relâ—e a debauched Englishman rebaptized by the Russe 451.50 Richest Prouince in the World is Malabar 104.30 Ricius the Iesuit sent for into China 320.50 Carries a fiâ—e Watch with him Is made Gouernour of the Colledge in Amacao 321.40 Disappointed of his purpose and returnes to Amacao ibid. Returnes into China 327.30 He and Ruggierus sent to the Aitao ibid. Commanded away by him ibid. Gets leaue to build 328.40.50 Their Bookes admired 329.1 How honoured ibid. Slundered and conspired against and freed ibid. 20. Hee prints a Mappe in the China Characters ibid. Makes Spheares Globes and Dyals reades vpon them and is admired ibid. A proposition for an Embassie from Spaine to China crossed 330.10 He is troubled in Sciauchin salues all with bribes 333.30 But is after banished ibid. Builds another Station or house at Xauceum 334.50 Teaches Mathematickes 335.1 His house abused and the Offenders punished ibid. 10. A Conspiracy against him ibid. Taken for a Boâ—zi and infamous whereupon he alters his habite 336.1 Goes further into China 337.1.10 c. Arriuer at Nanquin 338.10 Is skared thence and goes to Nanciâ—n his vision ibid. 50. He hath the Art of memory 339.10 Gets into great credite writes a Booke of friendship ibid. Goes to Nanquin againe but not suffered to stay 340.1.10 His Iourney to Pâ—quin the Citie Royall 341. Pâ—sses the streets vnknowne 34â— 10. Makes a China Dictionary and Grammar 342. 34â— Returnes againe to Nanquin 343 Ricius honoured againe at Nanquin 345.20 Teaches Mathematickes ibid. 346. Beleeued to haue liued some Ages 347.39 Disputes with the famous Chinois and is admired 348. His Presents to the King and the losse of their Ship ibid. 50. 352. His China name iâ— Sithai 349.1 In danger of an Eunuch ibid. 1. Is befriended and feasted by that great Eunuch ibid. 353.10.20 His Iourney to Court ibid. His Petition vnanswered 354.1.40.60 Pillâ—ged by an Eunuch and petitioned against 355.20.30.40 c. Is sent for by the King 356.20 Exceeding welcome ibid. Vrged to be made a Mandarine 357.40 Is shut vp some Moneths and petitioned against 358.10 Hath leaue to hire a House and hath allowance of the Kings purse and honoured againe ibid. 359. His Booke of the description of China begins page 380. The Iewes offer to make him Ruler of their Synagogue 400.60 Hath liberty to stay at Peqâ—in and maintenance 405.40 One writes against him falls sicke and dyes 407.1 Ring vsed in Marriage by the Russes 454.20 Rings the Chinois weare in their Eares but not on their Fingers 349.30 Worne in the Nosthrils by the Indians 992.30 Ripening of greene Nuts in a Vessell a Philosophicall way 956.30 Riphaean Mountaines where 53.30 The fables of them 220.40 Risalandia a Prouince in Norway the Etymon 661.30 Riuer made by hand in China 97.30 Riuer changing his Course 236.20 Aâ—d why 236.40 Riuer lost in the Earth ibid. 20. 237.40 Riuer sinking vnderground and rising againe 873.50 Riuers yeelding Gold 874.10 Riuer Quian in China the greatest in the World 97.10 Much traded vpon ibid. Riuers of Russia the chiefe 415.30 Riuer of Mosca hallowed 225.10 226. And the Volga 244.10 Riuer of Plate the Voyage distance and seasons of Nauigation from Spaine thither 859.50 Riuer of Salt in Chile the Latitude 898 Riuers in China all frozen in Winter 343.1 Riuers frozen for fiue moneths in Russâ—a 414.50 Riuers of Podolia 632.20 Riuers of Siberia 525.526 c. Riuers of Saint Lucar Nicardo and Zedros in the West Indies their distance from the Aequinoctiall 891.40 Riuers Mountaines c. worshipped in India 1028.20 Their Sacrifices 1036.50 Roâ—es most exceeding rich in Russia 741 Robais or Edessâ— the Citie 110.50 Rocke artificiall one 346.60 c. Rocke of Diamonds 253.40 Rogations imitated by the Diuell in Mexico 1047.20 c. Rogaelandia Prouince in Norway 654.40 Roman fortitude of a Mexican Captiue 1015 Romish rites found in China 397.60 As single Life Singing Seruice long Robes Purgatory and Absolution vpon money giuen to the Priest his shauing Monkery and base esteeme 398.1.10 Romish Pilgrimages held a protection for tyrannous vsurpation 622. marg Rootes whereof the Indians make Bread or Meate 954.955 Rope-tumblers in China 349.40 Rope-walking admirably in the West Indies 1065.10 Rose Iland in Russia by Archangell Castle an English house there 744.10 The way thence to Mosco 747.10 Ressomakka a strange Beast described 220 Rost Ilands where 212.10 222.50 Rosting the Examined on a Spit 434.50 Rouerso a Fish vsed to catch other Fishes described where inuented 999.10 Roxani and Roxolani in Scrabo are the Russians 633.30 Roxellani are not the Russes 413.50 Rubarb vsed in a Iugling cure
317.30 Canonized at Rome 316.60 Bâ—asts to haue conuerted 300000. soules 317.30 His trauels 318.1 Goes to Cangoxima in Iapon there publishes the Decalogue 318 40 Opposed by the Iaponian Priests ibid. Returnes to India to fetch an Ambassadour gets himselfe made the Popes Nuntio opposed by Aluarus who falls into a Leprosie 318.60 Xauiers zeale and behauiour towards him 319.1 Gets himselfe carried into China where he is forsaken and dies 319.10 Xauxan a flower that makes bread in the Indies 954.10 Xylobaâ—samum what properly 95â— 30 Xinaleygrau the Signiory 281.30 Y YAik a Riuer 241.50 Yamsu the Riuer the course of it 340.40 〈◊〉 by the two 〈◊〉 Cities in China ibid. Yara City in Catay 800.50 Described Yaskent a Citie 240.40 Yehuri the Mexican Priests that heard Confessions 1041.60 Yeare of the Tartars beginnes in February 84.30 This is 〈◊〉 solemnest day ibid. They fâ—â—st thâ—â— in white garments 84.50 Their New yeares gifts ibid. They reckon their yeares by Twelues and how 88.40 Yeare in Russia begins with September 447.20 And the September before ours 746.28 why 757.50 Yeare when it begins in China 392 40 〈…〉 how solemnized 394.1 Their Yeare 〈…〉 â—62 10 265 50. Gods of the Yeare ibid. It begins in March 196.50 Yeare begun in the middle of Ianuary in Norway of old 659.50 Yeare of the Samoieds is but halfe a Yeare 556 Yeares of the Mexicans 1135.30 1136.1 Their manner of reckoning them 1050. The beginning end and lâ—st dayes of it ibid. Yeare of the Peruians 1051.1 Yeare in Peru begins in December 1040.1 1045.1 Yedzo land the latitude 842.50 Yeilding the Ceremony of it in Mexco 1013.20 50 Yellow Mugals 799.20 Yellow Riuer in China the course 340. Sacrificed vnto ibid. 10000 ships in it Prouerbe of it ibid. Yellow the King of Chinois colour which none else may be of 392.50 Yellow hats a great honor 201.20 Yem the Riuer 235.20 Yemps a Towne 224.1 Yenisâ—e or Ienisse Riuer falleth into the Sea Naromzie 546.20 Not farre from China ibid. Yguanas a strange West Indian beast that both swimmes and climbes trees their shape 966.40 See Yuanas Yiu a Festiuall day in Peru the Ceremonies of it 1046.20 Yongs Cape 567.60 Yopes the Riuer in the West Indies 871.60 Youga Riuer in Catay falls into the Blacke Sea 800.40 Youth how educated in Mexico 1064 Yperpeâ—a â— Câ—iâ—e 10.20 Yea a great Feast in Peru the solemnitie 〈◊〉 1035. â—0 c. Yuanaâ— West Indian Serpent described delicate meate 976.50 〈◊〉 for the Frenchâ—oxe â—oxe 977.1 Yâ—câ— the chiefe food of Brasile 903 10. How they make bread of it the Iuice is poyson and the substance bread where this bread is most vsed 954.10 Yucatan Prouince in the West Indies vnder the Gouernment of Mexico its bounds c. 870.30 A Peninsula the extent temperature no Riuer in it nor metall long liued people Townes their latitudes c. 87.10.20 c. Yun-lo the China King 389.30 Yuo de Narbona his Letter and Discourse about the Tartars 63 40 Z ZAcatecas the Prouince in the West Indies rich in Siluer Mynes three Townes of Spaniards in it distance from Guadalaiara 876. And from Mexico Other Mynes there Villages c. 877.1.10 Zacatula the Prouince and Village in the West Indies the latitude distance from Mexico Zamachie in Media a Staple for Silke 442.50 The Russe trades thither gaue 〈◊〉 to the English the Commodities ibid. Zamatia an Iland of the Moluccas iâ— Taprobana 904.30 Zar or Czar one of the Russian Emperours Titles 793.30 Zauorat in Russia the latitude 545 30 Zeilan the best Iland of the World 104.20 T is Traprobana 110.10 Zenam Iland 223.1 Zenam on the Coast of Finmarke â—61 10 581.40 Zeni two Brethren their Fortunes 610. c. Zenoâ— Chersonesus where 633 30 Zenu the 〈…〉 in the West Indies the distance from Carâ—agena Salt made there 88â— 50 Zere the Iland 246.40 Zichmui Prince of Frisland his Story 610. c. Zielensa Ilands 543.30 In Russia Zikia the Citie 2.20 Zipangu the golden Iland 102.20 Taken by the Tartars ibid. The Ilanders call Mangi Chin or China 102.50 Zodiake as it is more streight or more oblique makes the daies or nights of diuers lengths 920.40 Zona Torrida why in some places vnder it the raine still falls in the afternoone 918.50 Why so much vnder it when the Sunne is hottest 919.20 30 40. Why in some places vnder it there falls no raine nor are any springs c. 919 60. Temperate in many places in others hote cold c. And the causes 920.10 20 30 c. Reasons of the diuersities of tempers 921. The heat though violent yet short the greatest heate in the morning and why 921.50 Westerne wind blowes seldome there 923.40 It is the greatest of the fiue Zoâ—â—â—s 923. Why men sayle vnder it from East to West and not backe againe 924.50 Seâ— Aequinoctiall The land-winds coole it by night and the Sea-winds by day 926.10 Calâ—ses often vnder it ibid. Many Lakes vnder some parts of it 933.10 Most of the West Indies lye vnder it 9â—5 10 The Countries vnder it are all hilly why 936.1 Torride Zoâ—â— most inhabited of all the West Indies and by white Men and they most warlike it is of the temperature of Spaine few waters raine seldome vnder it 898.10 20 30 Zorzania 〈◊〉 Georgia 69.50 Zubu the Iland 282.10 FOr the vse of this 〈◊〉 the Reader may see the aduice giuen him ouer the head of the Letter A In the beginning of tâ—is 〈◊〉 This is so printed 〈◊〉 the end of the Index that it may be the better seene FINIS LONDON Printed by William Stansby for Henry Fâ—therstone and are to be sold at his Shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Rose 1625. Gen. 28.12 Sencâ— Benef. l. 7. cap. 4.5 Gen. 28. 32.20 Aug. de C.D. li. 19. cap. 5. * Master Hak. had published part of this Author but the whole worke being found in Benet Colledge Library in Cambridg I thought fit to communicate it to the World it being neuer published as I thinke in any Language I begin with the Tartars as being â—â—owne to thesâ— parts before the Chinois yea China or Mangâ— became knowne by them Ecclus 39. v. 3. Cassaria or Gasaria Gasaria Soldaia The Citie of Matriga * Matriga Zikia Frier Bartholomew de Cremona The necke of Tanrica Chersonesâ—â— The Tartars Chap. 2. Of the Tartars and of their houses The benefit of a Painter in strange Countries Chap. 3. Of their Bedâ— Puppets Images and drinking Pots Idols Chap. 4. Of their drinkes and how they prouoke one another to drinking They vse the like custome in Florida Chap. 5. Of their â—ood and victuals Drying of flesh in the wind Chap. 6. How they make their drinke called Cosmos Caracosmos Duke Baatu Store of Mares and Mares milke Chap. 7. Of â—he beasts which they eat of their garmenâ—s and of their manner of hunting Our Falconers vse the left fist Another strange custome which