vs sooner by one houre a halfe then with them and is daye with them after the Sonne is set with vs in like sort one houre xxx minutes Philo. And all this cometh because th' Earth is round causing vs them not to haue one generall Horizont The like reason is to be said of the diuersities of times in the beginning of an Eclipse either of Sonne or Mone As for exāple th' Eclipse of the Mone which was 1556. the 17. day of Nouēber at one of the clocke in the morning with vs at Norwiche for the moste parte of Englande which in the Horizont of Calicut began at vij of the clock In like sort ther shall happē an Eclipse of the Mone in the yeare of Christ our sauior 1562. the 16. daye of Iuly at two of the clocke iiij minutes in the morning at which time she shal be totallie darkened continew from the beginning to th' ende iij. houres and yet th'inhabitauntes at Calicut shall not see anye parte therof whiche moste euidently sheweth the roundnes of th' Earth to be the cause as this Figure here folowing do more plainely set out in which E. signifieth th' Earth A. the East C. the West D. the verticall pointe for Norwich B. in like maner the Zenit of Calicut Wherby it is manifest that the Mone shal be perfitly seperated from the Sonne or she shall appeare in the Horizōt of Calicut And yet we in England diuers other places East shall se bothe beginning ende of her Eclypsing Spoud These are sufficiēt probatiōs to declare th' Earth roūd frō th' East to the West but by what argument can you shewe it to be also rounde from the South to the North Philo. That is very easie to proue For if th' Earth were flat from the South to the North then we should se the south Sterres vnder th' Earth as well as those that be North alway in our sight And againe the Sonne Mone Sterres at midde day through the vniuersal yere should be euer in one height which also is false Spoud Yea for I haue had practise of that thinge saylinge in à shippe for we goynge from th'Equinoctiall Line northwarde did see the North south Poles equall with the Water But directing our course more to the north coast leauing th'Equinoctial we reared the north starre in short space xij degr at lēgth 30. deg loking south we could not se the southe Pole nor yet many other sterres which in th'Equinoctial were visible to vs. Phi. Yea wher your north starre was eleuated xxx degrees your south Pole was xxx degrees depressed in like maner But for the firmer fixynge it in your memory behould this Figure in the which C. signifieth both th' Earth and water A. the north Pole B. the south therefore if one go from B. to A the earth being roūd he must haue B. so muche vnder him as A is aboue his Horizōt There are besides these many sūdry reasons to proue this thing which I may omit as I suppose to you which nede no lenger probatiō in that whiche is most manifest Spo. Yet theis argumēts shall not onely stay my mind in à trueth but also with the same I shal cō fute th'errors of other if any shal spring about this matter Phil. Then I wyll exhort you wher these shall not seme sufficient you will gather more stronger out of Ptolomaeus Almegiste Cleomedes de mundo Philo de mundo Aristotle Erasmus Reignholt Orontius Hic canet errantē Lunam Solisque labores Arcturūque pluuiasque hyad gēinosque triōes Iohn de Sacrobosco oure countreyman master Recorde which doeth almost repete all their argumentes in the Castell of knowledge And nowe behold the Type of the world conteinyng in it as well the heauenly Regiō with suche Spheres Circles as haue bene in sundry partes before set forth in this treatise as also th'Elementarie region comprehendyng the Fier Aëre Water Earth in suche order forme as is cōsonant agreyng both with Reason Practise and Authoritie of most approued authors And for this time we will depart for beholde the Sonne is gone to rest Hesperus do shewe in the West verie brighte all other liuynge thinges also do apply them to take rest therfore let vs go downe this Hill into the Citie refreshyng our selues quickening memorie to morow I wil mete you in this same place agayne Spoud I thanke you hertly Philoni Let me here you can repete the summe of such thinges as we haue taken in hande this day as we walke downeward Spoud With à right good wyll 1 Firste you shewed me what Cosmographie was what Geographie and what Chorographie yea and wherein euery of them differeth from other 2 Next what the world was with his partes that is to saye the Heauenly Region Elementary with à briefe Discourse touchinge the Partes and order of the Heauenly Region 3 Thyrdly what a Sphere is howe it is deuided into a Right and Croked Sphere And howe it differeth from a Cirle 4 Forthly what a Center was what an Axe tree what a Diameter and of theyr difference 5 Fiftlye of the Principall Circles whiche are saide to be in this Sphere As the Horizont Meridian Aequinoctiall Zodiake two Colures the two Tropickes the Circles Arcticke and Antarctick Also that the Horizont and Meridian Circles be stable and without motiō with diuers other thinges herto belonging 6 Last you proceded to the second part of the world which is th' Elementarie Region In which you refuted sundry opinions touching the forme of th' Earth Philo. Nowe I perceiue bothe your apte nature in conceiuing such thinges as are spoken also your firme memory in reteining the same Wherefore you shall encourage me to geue you further instructions But for this time I must bid you fare well Spou. God preserue you graunt you life to accomplishe your desire in profiting your countrey as you do entende Amen THE SECONDE BOOKE OF the Cosmographicall Glasse in which is plainly expressed the Order and Number of Zones Paralleles and Climates Also sundry waies for th'exacte findyng out of the Meridiane Line The Longitude Latitude of places with many other preceptes belongyng to the making of a Carte or Mappe Spoudaeus MORPHEVS THE God of dreames with his slepie rodde so much this last night frequented my companie that my bodye taking rest my mind was much more busilie traueling in such conclusions as I had learnid of Philonicus thē it was in the time of his teaching For some time Morphêus shewed me the Sonne in the tropicke of Capricorne farre in the South among the cloudye skies as he comenly is the. 13. day of December And next he appered in th' Equinoctiall pointes as it is the tenth daye of March and the. 14. of Septēb willing me with great di ligēs to note that parallele circle Shortly after the sōne appeared in the tropicke of
the pole arctike and antarctick in their Horizont Spoud Do you not call the two pointes or endes of the axe tree the fornamed poles Philo. It is so and for firmer printing it in memory beholde here the type of them that haue a right sphere As A. D. C. representeth bothe the axe tree and the right Horizont and A. C. the two poles Yea and B. D. the half parte of th' equinoctiall Spoud So that a maÌ„ inhabiting vnder B. D. which is th' equinoctial do perceiue both A. whiche is the North pole and C. whiche is the South leuell with th' earth and his verticall point in the for said Aequinoctial Philo. You do well perceyue it Spoud Then it foloweth that where ether of the poles is eleuated aboue th' earth they dwell not vnder the aequinoctial and so haue a croked an oblique sphere Philo. And that doe this figure perfitly proue Here C. E. is the halfe of the axe tree aboue th' earth B. E. is the halfe of th' equinoctial C. the one pole aboue th' earth Whiche maketh the halfe sphere A. B. C. D. to be oblique and croked according to my first meaniÌ„g Spou. I vnderstaÌ„d this perfitly Philo. Then is it expedieÌ„t for you to coÌ„sider that this sphere doeth in it conteine many Circles Spoud Your wordes bringe me in à doubt For I perceiue that à circle à sphere are both rounde haue like Centers Diameters Phil. They haue no lesse yet they do as greatlye differ as the worlde th' earth of which we made mention as this definition of Euclid do manifest plainly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which Scheubel excelleÌ„tly after his maner traÌ„slateth Circulus est figura plana vna linea compraehensa quae circumferentia appellatur ad quam ab vno quodam puncto eorum quae intra figuram sunt posita omnes cadeÌ„tes rectae lineae inter se sunt aequales And is thus much to say with vs. A Circle is à plaine and flat figure comprehended within one line which is called à circumference vnto whiche if lines be drawne from the Center or poynt of the circle vnto the circumference they beinge conteined within the same are found to be equall one to an other As in this example A. is the center of the Circle B. C. D. E. the Circumferent line c. Spou. By these wordes I finde à two foulde difference betwixt à sphere à circle First that à circle is à playne flat figure à sphere of rouÌ„de fourme like vnto à Ball. And then that à Circle is coÌ„praehended within one line a sphere within one plat fourme â–ª But now I pray you declare such Circles as are imagined to be in the sphere of the worlde most necessary for an introduction Phil. In This sphere chiefly x. Circles are imagined Of whiche 6. be great 4. be small whiche in order I will set out And therfore answer me Haue you not read among your authours of the HorizoÌ„t circle we will beginne with that firste because necessitie inforseth suche order Spou. Yes sir Proclus defineth it in this sorte 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Horizon est circulus qui diuidit nobis mundi partem quae videtur ab ea quae non apparet qui ita in duas partes aequales â—…otum discindit mundi globum vt eius dimidia pars altera supra terraÌ„ extet dimidia altera sub terra sit Which sounded in our language in this maner The Horizont is à Circle which deuideth parteth that part of the world which we see from that which do not appereâ—… which par teth the worlde in two equall partes in suche facion as th' one halfe is euer aboue th' earth th' other alway vnder Phil. Th' use of this Circle is right excellent for by it we finde out the rysing goyng downe of euery Planet Starre In this Horizont the daye nyghte haue also theyr beginning ende Spou. So that this Horizont is â lyne imagined to go rounde about by the face of th' earth parting the heauens in two partes and is saide of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiche signifieth to decerne or ende But standing on an hie Mountaine steple or suche lyke thing shal I se but halfe the heaueÌ„s Philo. Yes verely you shall see more then an Hemisphere for so call they the halfe sphere as also beynge in à valley and lowe place you shall not see youre Hemisphere totally And althoughe you may obiecte that this Horizont deuideth not the heauen in two equal portioÌ„s yet it is proueth nothinge for th' Astrologians alowe no suche Horizont Spoud And is this Horizont à fixed Circle or not Philo. It is fixed and without motion Spou It should seme contrary For I beynge at London haue one Horizont and goyng to Andwerpe haue an other and so at Colein an other and at Heydelberge another c. Philo. I confesse no lesse but that proueth nothinge that the horizont moueth for loke into what errour you shoulde fall you muste graunte if the horizont moue that with the turning of the heauens your horizont Circle must come ouer your verticall poiÌ„t once in 24. houres Spoud Nay I will not graunt suche absurditie in any case wherfore I see that it is my chauÌ„gyng that maketh me to haue à newe horizont and not the horizont to moue with me Phil. You hit the naile on the head as the saying is Nowe your authour deuideth the horizont lyke to the sphere that is into à ryght horizont and into â croked or oblique Spoud What be they that haue a right horizont Phil. They haue a right horizont whan as this circle crosseth th' equinoctiall rightely in two partes and they haue a croked horizont whan eyther of the Poles is aboue th' Earth and th' other vnder suche is oure Horizont whiche inhabit Europe But for the better vnderstanding I haue made here a figure in whiche C. A. and E. is th' equinoctiall And because B. A. D. crosseth it rightely It is the right Horizont Also B. D. are the two Poles of the worlde because B. is eleuated aboue th' earth it maketh F. A. G. to be th' obliquè Horizont as these ij pictures here placed do shewe This Picture sheweth the fourme of a right Horizont This Figure represent a croked or oblique Horizont Spoud Seyng that the Horizont semeth onely necessary for to know the true risinge goynge downe of the Sonne Mone Planetes fixed sterres it can not any thynge helpe for to knowe whan anye of them are at the hiest aboue the Horizont for that daye in whiche place whan as the Sonne coÌ„meth it is midday For I perceiue euery Planet Starre to ascende by litle litle aboue th' earth vntyll they be at the hiest then in lyke maner do continuallye descende vntill they come to the Horizont in the West Phil. For this
I do not so muche fansye Ptolomaeus in lōgitudes latitudes for he was not able being so mighty à Prince to trauell into those countris that to à priuate person for the greate distaunce à sunder was impossible And therfore receiuinge as he confesseth obseruations at other mens handes dyd in many sundry places swarue from the trueth Ph. And that was not to be imputed vnto Ptolomaeus as à crime seyng the errour ensued by other mens obseruations But for this cause I haue made my fifthe Booke in the whiche I haue folowed Ptolomaeus in certaine pointes touchinge his natiue Countrey places to them adiacent In th' other I haue vsed later writers trauelles not omitting my owne as you shall euidētly perceaue Spoudeus I pray you giue me an example of these thinges spoken Phil. Here minding to describe the plat forme of Englande I draw as you se à right line in the middes of the Mappe And because I finde in my fift boke that it is frō the Weast part of the same to th' East 11. digres I diuide this streght line beynge the Meridian Line for the middes of this Regiō into xj equall partes or portions Then do I searche how much the Pole Arctik is eleuated aboue th'Aequinoctiall in the furdest north part of Englande finde it 61. for vnder the name of Englande I comprehend the whole Ilande cōteyning also Schotlande Irelande Therfore I enter into the Table goyng before finde answering to 61. digr 29. minutes 5. secondes 19. thirdes Which space I take with my cōpasse in one of the diuisiōs of Lōgitude that I made in the meridian line so my compasse not opened wider I begin at the Meridian Line in the higher part of the Card make on either side 5. pricks that is to sai v. on the left hād v. on the right hād in like ma ner I find the south part to differ frō th'equinoctial lj di wherfore entring into the Table I find answering to lj dig 37. min. 45. seco 33. thir And with my cōpasse I take the like portion in one of the diuisions of the Meridian line then with my compasse I diuide the lower parte of the Table as I did the hier Then draw I right Lines from the Prickes in the hier part of the Table vnto the prickes in the lower part wright at th'endes of them the Digrees of Lōgitude as also in the diuisiōs of the Meridiam line I wright the digrees of latitude Thē seke I in the fifth boke for the notable Cities Townes Villages suche like place them in this card according to their true Longitude Latitude as in the card of Englād following you may well perceiue Spoudeus Nowe I perceiue by the makinge and describyng of this onely Mappe that the whole worke doeth chieflye depende vppon the Meridian Line appointing by them the longitudes of Regiōs by Paralleles of Climates whose vse in à Carde is to limite the Latitude frō th'Equinoctiall So that obseruing this order of you prescribed I may in like sorte at my pleasure drawe à Carde for Spaine Fraunce Germany Italye Graece or any perticuler regiō yea in à warme pleasaunt house without any perill of the raging Seas danger of enemies losse of time spending of substaunce werines of body or anguishe of minde Oh how precious â Iewell is this it may rightly be called à Cosmographicall Glasse in which we may beholde the diuersitie of countries natures of people innumerable formes of Beastes Foules Fishes Trees Frutes Stremes Meatalles Phi. You shall haue iust ccasiō to affirme whan as you vnderstande the whole cōmoditie of the same But I will shewe you to describe iij. or iiij Regiōs in one Mappe yea or so manye as are cōteined in th'eyght portion of th' Earth And therefore I call it à Carde conteining th'eyght part of th' Earth whose compasse in what quātitie you please the greater the better note it with A. B. C for the easier vnderstanding vn till you are exercised herein Then deuide the compasse of this Circle in iij equale partes marke the pointes of the diuision with A. B. C. After place th' one ende of the cōpasse in A. stretche out th' other ende vnto B. or C. with thy compasse draw an arcke or portion of à Circle from B. to C. Then set th' one ende of the compasse in B. draw the like arcke frō A. vnto C. After place the one ende of thy cōpasse in C describe the like arck frō B. to A. And here note that A. doth signifie the North or south Pole And th'arke B. C. the quadrant or iiij part of th'Equinoctial Circle This arke B. C. you shall di uide equallye in the middes at that pointe place D. Then draw à right line from A. vnto D. this shall repraesent the meridiane line for the middes of this carde This line shall you diuide into 90. partes euery one shall repraesent à digree or into 18. portions euery one shall answere vnto v. digr Or if the Mappe be small into 9. portions euery suche diuision shall signifie 10. digrees Then placing th' one ende of your compasse in A. extende or stretch out th' other vnto euery of these diuisions drawe arkes or portions of circles from th'arck A. B. vnto th'arck A. C. These ended you shall write in euery diuision from B. to C. th'equinoctiall vnto A. the Pole Arctik 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. or 5. 10. 15. 20 or 10. 20. 30. according to the diuision of the meridiane line After you shall accompt in this diuision 23. digrees 28. minutes from the quinoctiall which is the sonnes greatest declination and draw ther à double arke whiche shall serue for the Tropicke of Cancer or Capricorne noted with E L in like manner accompt 23. degrees 28. minutes from the North or South pole in that space draw in like sort à double arke which shal be in stead of the polary circle either Arctike or Antarctike set th'endes of it I K. and so are all the paralleles of latitude answering your mappe perfaitly finished Spou. I vnderstand the protracture of them very wel But shall there be but one Meridiane line for all thys Mappe Phil. Yes verely ther shal be so many as there are paralleles of latitude whose nombre as I saide was 90. Spou. Now I perceiue the reasō of this artificial working for like as the circuite of the heauens is distributed into 360. parts so in like maner the compasse of th' earth is also into 360 portions deuided both toward the Poles also from West to East Therfore I pray you shew me the waye howè to draw these meridiane lines Philo. You shal deuide the arke B D Cinto 90. or 18. or els 9. portions equally as I did the latitude from A vnto D. In like sort you shall deuide the polary Circle I K. then drawinge in