for that the toppe of the maste vnto the water was iust one score that is .60 foote and the two plates or winges iust one ynche a sunder and the Transuasitorie .40 ynches from the ende c. And also by this order you may knowe the distaunce of any shippe from the lande c. And thus I doo ende the conclusions of the Crosse staffe c. ¶ The fifteenth Chapter sheweth vnto you howe you shal make an instrumeÌ„t wherby you may describe a Region or Countrey which you may call an Horizontall Sphere and also howe to take the plat of any ground c. Then resort to your Paper and looke vpon the instrument at what poynt and degree the Athelida is standyng on then vpon the point and degree of the Circle wryte the name of the towne or Village or Hyll then turne the Athelida to the next marke and so foorth tyll you haue taken all the townes and Villages rounde about the Countrye or Coastes that be within the Angle of sight and write the names of all those townes at the poynte and degree that the Athelida doth stande vpon at the tyme of the takyng of them with the 2. sights And furthermore write in the paper the 4. principall windes as easte weste northe and southe Euen as the coaste of the countrye dothe stande and then drawe righte lynes from the Center of the Circle too the Circumference to the place where the names of the townes were written and so passinge right to the edge of the Paper And thus doe by euery towne written on the edge of the Circle and then that station is finished And then furthermore looke to what place that you doe meane for to goe vnto for to make your seconde station beinge one of those that you haue obserued afore For the fyrst obseruation is to no purpose so that you must of force haue 2. And then vpon that Lyne that the name of the towne or Hyll that you doe meane to goe vnto sette one of the feete of the compasses and with the other foote of the compasses make an other circle in lyke maner then draw an other Meridian Lyne and be sure that both the Meridian Lynes doe agree the one with the other and so deuide that circle into 32. equall partes as the other was in all poyntes and then goe vp vnto some high place that was the marke before and then lay your instrument afore you agayne setting it by the needle due South and North and so let the instrument stande And then turning the Athelida to suche townes as were taken before looking thorow both the sights were where the Athelida doth stand and write the names of those townes agayne vpon the edge of that circle at the poynt and degree that the Athelida doth stand vpon and doe thus tyll that you haue taken all the townes that were obserued at the fyrst standings and then drawe right lynes from the Center of that Circle by the edge of the Circle to the names of those Townes that were written and so the lynes for to runne right to the sides of the Paper Then looke where that the lynes doe crosse there make a marke for there standeth the Towne or place that you haue obserued And now in lyke maner yf you lyst you may know the distaunce from one Towne to an other as thus fyrst you must measure the distaÌ„ce betwen any one towne to another that grouÌ„d being measured you must make a Scal or tronke of mesure on the side of the paper and then measure the distaunce betweene those 2. Townes in the paper then according to that proportion of measure make your myles in the Scall or tronke of the Carde or Mappe and that beynge doone you may knowe the distaunce with a payre of Compasses betweene any one Towne or Townes to the other by the Scall of the Carde and then this beyng doone you may make that fayre in an other thing without lynes and bewtyfye that at your pleasure as for example thus by the partes or countrye about Grauesende Fyrst I tooke the Instrument and then in lyke maner I made a Circle in a sheete of paper then I drew a Meridian lyne that is to saye a lyne from the South to the North and I deuided the Circle into 52. equall partes and then I wrote the 4. principall windes in the foure sydes of the paper that is to saye the East West North and South and then I went vp to a Hyll that standeth besyde Grauesende called Ruggon Hyll and there besyde the Myll I made my fyrste standinge and then I obserued al those Townes and places folowing Fyrst Clyffe Church and that I tooke Northeast and by East and the sixt part of a poynte to the Eastwarde the next was West Tilbrye Churche North and ¾ of a poynt to the Eastwardes and then I tooke the Bulwarke of West Tilbrye North and ¼ of a poynte to the Westwardes and then I tooke Brauesende Churche steeple North and by West and â…” partes of a poynte to the Westwarde and then I tooke little Thurrock Norwest and by North and the 6. parte of a poynt to the Westwarde then I tooke Grayes Thurrock Northwest and the 6. part of a poynt to the Westwarde then I tooke Sainct Clements Churche West Northwest and ¼ to the Northwardes then I tooke North fleete Church West and â— 4 partes of a poynt to the Northwards then I tooke Swankam Churche due West then in lyke maner I tooke the Vinyard Mill West Northwest and ¼ parte of a poynt to the Westwardes then I tooke Mappam Church Southwest and â…• part of a poynt to the Westwardes then I tooke Cobbam Churche Southeaâ—t and by South and â…• parte of a poynte to the Southwardes then I tooke Shorne Myll East and by South and â…– partes of a poynte to the Southwarde Then I tooke Chaulke Churche East and â…– of a poynte to the Southwardes and so I make an ende of that standing And now I chose out for my secoÌ„d staÌ„ding West Tillary church I dyd draw a Lyne froÌ„ the Center of the Circle to the Circumference of the Circle to the title of Tilberye Churche beinge North and ¾ of a poynte to the Eastwarde the Lyne passynge ryght to the edge of the paper And then I tooke a payre of compasses and set the one foote of the compasses vpon that Line and with the other foote I made a Circle and then I made an other Meridian lyne by the other in the other Circle so that the one dyd agree with the other and then I deuided the Circle into 32. equall partes and then I went ouer the water to West Tilbery Church and then I layde my instrument before me and set it due North and South and there I obserued al the townes and places before named as Cliffe East and 1 â— parte to the North Shorne Myll and Chaulk Church South East by South and ½ parts
beginneth the second booke shewing by longitude and by latitude the dystance vnto any Towne or Citie or place vpon the face of the earth keping one poynt or winde ouer the Sea and LANDE although that it be not the very nearest way for the very nearest way ouer the Sea and Land can not be by one poynt of the Compasse except it be vpon the Meridian lyne that is due South or due North from you or being vnder the Equinoctial to be due East or West But if it be in any other place from vnder the Equinoctiall although it be due East or West both the places to be vnder one Paralell yet in the going due East and West is not the nearest way ouer the Sea and Land but the next way ouer the Sea and Lande is by diuers wyndes or poyntes of the compasse and the further frō the Equinoctial to eyther of the two poles the greater chaunging of the poyntes of the compasse For the next way ouer the Sea and the Land vnto any place is to goe by the great circle which is equall vnto the Equinoctiall or the Meridian circle which will not be according vnto any one poynt of the compasse but vnto dyuers as for proofe thereof you shall haue this for an ensample thus that in the latitude of .60 degrees that there were two Townes or places in that paralell the one being opposite or right against the other that is .180 degrees and a degree in that paralel doth containe .30 myles And nowe to goe iust East or West in that paralel to come vnto the place assigned it is .5400 myles as for proofe therof multiply .180 tymes .30 but that is not the next way vnto the place assygned but the next way is to goe by the Merydian lyne that is to say to goe due North vntill you do come ryght vnder the pole and then to goe by that Merydian due South tyll you haue that latitude agayne and then it is but .3600 myles as you may knowe by playne multiplycation as it is from the latitude of .90 degrees vnto the pole to go due North .30 degrees and from the pole Southward agayne other .30 degrees that is in all .60 degrees and then to multyply .60 tymes .60 it sheweth the true dystance which is but .3600 myles And to goe by the paralell lyne that is due East or West then it is .5400 myles that is halfe so much more as by playne proofe you may know But if the two places be both vnderneth one paralel be shorter thē 180. degrees asūder thē it requireth to go by diuers points of the compasse and not by the Meridian according vnto the passing of the great circle which doth conteine in circumference 21600. myles which is the greatest compasse of the earth and not according vnto moe paralels then one which is the Equinoctial nether vnto no one poynt of the compasse for any poynt of the Compasse will bring you vnto the poles of the worlde or verye neare excepte those that be pararel which is East or West as all ryght lynes drawe being extended exceptynge lynes paralell will Crosse the other in the ende so all the poyntes of the Compasse doe winde vntyl they doe come vnto the poles or very neare the poles of the world as they be all Hilicall or Spherall lynes Wherefore there is no one poynt or wynde that can be prescribed to be the next way by that poynt vnto any place assygned but onely the Meridyan lyne or lynes and to goe East and West then to be vnder the Equinoctiall for the nexte way els is by sundry poyntes of the compasse c. Wherefore I omitte to say any more thereof but onely to shew vnto you how for to know the dystance vnto any Towne or place situated vpon the lace of the whole earth by any one assygned poynte of the compasse then for to knowe the true distaunce ouer the Sea and the lande And I doo shewe it thys waye for two causes the first is this for that it is not possible to passe the next way by the meanes of the frozen Zone Wherfore it is supposed that it is not nauigable in those Seas neyther passageable by lande in those Countreys and the seconde cause is this as before is declared in the goyng the next waye it dooth require to goe by sundry poyntes of the compasse which woulde be but a confused matter for the most part of those persons that doo desire to knowe the distaunce vnto any place assigned neyther shall he knowe so readily which way it standeth or beareth from him And furthermore in the knowing the distaunce vnto any place assigned and by what poynt of the compasse it beareth this is to be considered that the Longitude dooth begin at the Meridian of the Cannary Iland and so to follow vnto the Eastwardes and so ending at .360 againe at the Cannary Ilandes as I doo shewe in my booke called the Regiment for the Sea The second Chapter sheweth vnto you howe you may knowe the distaunce vnto any Towne situate vppon the face of the whole earth so that you do◠knowe the true Longitude and the true Latitude of them NOw furthermore if that you doo know the Longitude and the Latitude of any towne or townes situate vppon the earth you may know the distaunce vnto them as before is declared as thus If that the towne be iust East or West from you that is to say that your towne or place is vnder the Paralel that the other towne is that is to say that the Pole artike of that towne or place is so manye degrees aboue the Horizon as your towne is both in degrees and minutes then shall you seeke how many degrees of Longitude the other towne dooth differ frō yours then you shall seeke how many myles that one degree shal answere vnto it in that paralel and then you shall multiplie the one by the other that is to say the degrees by the myles and that summe which commeth of that multiplication shal be the distance betweene the two townes as for ensample thus by the Citie of London Answerpe in Brabant which differeth but .4 minutes in Latitude for at London the Pole is raised .51 degrees .32 minutes and at the Citie of Antwerpe the Pole is raised .51 degrees .28 minutes therefore we be both vnder one paralel Now the Longitude of London is from the Cannarie Ilandes .19 degrees and .54 minutes and Antwerpes Longitude is .26 degrees .36 minutes so that Antwerpe standeth East from London .6 degrees .42 minutes Now must I know how many miles a degree conteineth in that paralel and of that I doo make mention in my booke called The Regiment for the Sea in the .16 Chapter and that I doo finde to be .37 myles to one degree Thē I multiplie .6 times .37 because that it is .6 degrees .37 myles to one degree and of
beyonde the Equinoctiall 7224. myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather then at London by .5 howres .0 minutes and the longest Summer daye with them is our shortest Winter daye for that the pole Antartick or south pole is aboue the Horizon and is .16 howres .36 minutes c. The great riuer of Plate the longitude 327. degrees the latitude is the South pole 35. degrees and is South Southwest 5685. myles from London and the Moone chaungeth rather then at London by .3 howres 32. minutes and their longest summer day is in our winter is 14. howres .30 mynuts long Cappe Crusos the Eastermost part of all America is coÌ„monly called the cost of Brasell the longitude 345. degrees the latitude 5. degrees of the south pole and is South Southwest 3792 myles froÌ„ London the Moone changeth rather then at LondoÌ„ 2. houres 20. mi. the loÌ„gest day is about .12 houres .30 minuts Cappe de planco the longitude .306 degrees the latitude 5. degrees is southwest and by West 4547. myles from LondoÌ„ and the Moone changeth rather 4. howres .56 minutes and the longest daye is about 12. howres 20. minutes c. Cappe S. Marthae the loÌ„gitude .284 degrees the latitude 12. degrees and is west southwest to the southwards 5103. myles from London and the Moone chaungeth rather by 60. howres 24. minutes and the longest daye is 12 howres 45. minutes Carthagena the longitude .282 degrees the latitude 10. degrees .15 minutes and is West Southwest and to the South 5316. myles from London the moone changeth rather by .6 howres 32. mynutes and the longest day is 12. howres .38 minutes Nomber de Deus the longitude 276. degrees the latitude 7. degrees and is West Southwest 5685. myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather by 6. howres 56. minutes and the longest daye is .12 howres 25. mynutes c. The great famous Citie of Mexico the principallest place in all America the longitude .238 degrees the latitude .21 degrees 30. minutes and is West and by south 6844. myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather then at London by 9. howres 28. minutes and the longest day is 13. howres 20. mynutes The riuer of Palme in Floryda the longitude 260. degrees the latitude 39. degrees .20 minutes and is West and to the Southwardes 5034. miles from London and the moone chaungeth rather then at London by 8. howres .0 minutes and the longest daye is 14. howres 45. minutes The Cape of Cerra Floryda the longitude .272 degrees the latitude 31. degrees and is West and by Southe .4935 myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather by 7. howres .12 minutes the longest daye is .14 howres .6 minutes c. Perru in America the longitude .290 degrees the latitude hath the South pole 5. degrees and is Southwest and by West .5528 myles from London and the moone chaungeth rather then at London 6. howres 0. minutes and their longest daye is but .12 howres .20 mynutes Pannama a Towne or Citie vppon the Sea Coaste of Mare de Sur or South sea the longitude .276 degrees the latitude .20 degrees 40. minutes and is Southwest and by West and to the Westwardes 5794 myles from London and the Moone chaungeth rather by 6. howres 56. minutes and the longest day is 12. howres 15. minutes Tumbes a Port in the Prouince of Peru vpon the cost of the South Sea the longitude 276. degrees the latitud 12. degrees of the Antartick pole and is Southwest and by West 6045. myles from LondoÌ„ and the moone chauÌ„geth rather by 6 howres 56 minutes and the longest day is but .12 howres 15. minutes in our Winter Baculaius is on the Northeast ende of America commonlye called the new founde Lande the longitude of the midle of them is 320. degrees the latitude of the midle thereof is .54 degrees and is West and to the North partes .2200 myles from London the moone chaungeth rather by 3. howres .59 minutes and the longest daye is 16. howres 58. minutes The Lande of Labrador the longitude of the Eastermost Cape is 320 degrees the latitude thereof 63. degrees and the moone chaungeth rather by 3. howres 95. minutes and is West Northwest and to the Northwardes .2768 myles from London and the longest day is 20. howres 0. minutes longe And thus I doe ende the discription of the mayâ—e or firme land of America c. The ninth Chapter sheweth the Longitude and the Latitude and the other thinges before hearsed of certayne of the most principalle Ilands of Europe within the midle earth Sea and also of the moste principalle Ilands of Asia and America ANd now shall folow the longitude and the latitude and the other thinges before rehearsed of Certayne of the most notablest Ilands of all Asia and America and also of Europe and fyrst of certayne of the most principall Ilands in the midle earth Sea And fyrst the Iland of Cicilia being the principallest Iland in all that Seas the midle therof hath longitude 37. degrees the latitude 36. degrees and is Southeast and by South 1178. miles from London and the Moone chaungeth later by 1. howre .8 minutes and their longest daye is 14. howres .30 minutes c. The Ilande of Corsica the myddle thereof hath longitude 31. degrees the latitude 40. degrees is Southeast and by South 829. myles from London and the moone chaungeth later by .44 minuts and their longest day is 14. houres 50. minutes c. The Ilande of Sardinia the myddle hath longitude 31. degrees the latitude 38. degrees and is South Southeast and to the Eastwardes .932 myles from London and the Moone chaungeth later by 44. minutes and their longest day is .14 houres 40. minutes long c. The Ilande of Maiorica the myddle hath longitude .17 degrees the latitude 38. degrees 30. mynutes and is South and a little to the Westwardes .792 myles from London and the Moone chaungeth rather by 12. minutes and the longest day is 14. houres 43. minutes c. The Ilande of Minorica the longitude .20 degrees the latitude 39. degrees and is due South .752 myles from London the Moone chaungeth at that tyme that it dooth at London and the longest daye is .14 houres .45 minutes c. The Ilande of Candie the longitude .55 degrees the latitude 35. degrees .20 minutes and is Southeast and by East and to the Eastwardes 1791. myles from London and the Moone chaungeth later then at London by 2. houres .20 minutes and the longest day is .14 houres .25 minutes c. The Ilands of Nigropant the longitude .54 degrees the latitude 38. degrees and is East South and to the Southwardes 1643. myles from London and the Moone chaungeth later by 2. houres .16 minutes and the longest day is .14 houres .40 minutes c. The Ilandes called Ciclades the myddle of
euery foote square of the moulde of the Ship dooth waigh iustly and then if that you doo multiply the contentes of the number of feete that the moulde is and the waight that one foote of the water dooth waigh in poundes and partes then accordyng vnto that number the Shyp with all her ladyng dooth waigh iustly without any fayle so that you haue measured the moulde of the Shyp truely and also waighed iustly the contentes of one foote of the water and then by that number you may say iustly it contayneth so many Tunnes in waight as thus by diuidyng the number of the waight of the Shippe by .2240 for that a Tunne conteyneth 20. hundreth waight and euery .100 waight to contayne 112. pounds And furthermore you may measure the moulde of a Shyp in this maner with such a thing as the Shyppe Carpenters doo take the moulde of a Ship and that they doo call a moulde or lynck ginne and that is made of many peeces of a foote long or there about and it is clenched togeather with roffe and clenche that the ioyning wyll be put to and fro at your pleasure and wyll stande stiffe as you doo leaue it And now with this instrument you may woorke more easely then before is rehearsed for to know the contentes or quantity of the moulde of any Shyp in this maner Take at euery place the halfe of the true breadth of the shyp and then in lyke manner the true deepenesse that the shyp dooth goe into the water at euery place that you doo measure the Shyp at for that all shyppes doo draw more water at the Sterne then they doo at the head and then you may put three pinnes of wood into the grounde the one pinne to be at the midle of the ship and the other to be for the outsyde of the ship and the thyrde to be for the middle of the Keele of the Shyp and to set them truely in distaunce accordyng vnto the halfe breadth of the shippe and the other vnto the true deepnesse that tht ship dooth goe into the water and so shall that pinne for the middle of the Shyp make a square Angle vnto the pinne for the syde and the keele of the shyppe and then with the instrument lay that vnto the syde of the shyp and put it in and out as the ship dooth rounde from the place of the vpper edge of the water vnto the Keele and then laying that moulde of the Shyppe vnto the two pinnes that is to say to that pinne for the side and the pinne for the Keele of the Shyp and then measuryng that in closer as you doo a platforme the trueth of the contents shall appeare and then doublyng that nūber it wil shew you the contēts of the whole breadth of the Shyp and then to multiply so much in length as dooth keepe one proportion And thus doyng as often tymes as the proportion of the moulde dooth alter and then addyng al your numbers together and casting the contentes in all poynts as before is rehearsed the trueth of the solid body of the moulde of the Ship shall appeare and so taking the true waight of one foote of that water as before is expressed in all poyntes And thus I doo make an ende of the measuryng of the moulde of Shyppes for that there wanteth or lacketh nothing but to shew how to measure plat formes and as for those matters there are diuers bookes extant sufficient ynough for that purpose as Maister Leonarde Digges in his booke called Tectonicon and Maister Thomas Digges his booke called Pantometria with other The thyrde Chapter sheweth you an easyer way then before rehearsed by the Arte Saticall to knowe the true waight of any Shyppe with al hir lading and all the rest of hir furniture AND furthermore for that it is somewhat tedious and asketh longe woorke beesydes diuers other incombraunces that must bee vsed to measure the true proportion of the moulde of a Shyppe I wyll shewe vnto you a more pleasaunter and easyer waye by the Arte Scaticall both very true and exacte for to know the true wayghte of any Shyp with all her ladynge Mastes Sayles Ancors Cables and Ordynaunce with all other implementes in her And any Noble manne or Gentleman may doe it at home in hys Chamber that hath any knowledge in the Mathematicall Sciences as thus Fyrste cause the Carpenter that dooth builde the Shyppe or otherwyse yf that you desyre to knowe it by any other Shyppe that is builded already yf that Shyppe haue any occasion for to come a grounde then get some cunninge Carpenter to take the true moulde of that Shyppe as though that hee shoulde builde an other of that moulde and proportion in all poyntes as muche as is buried into the water when the Shippe is loade vnto her lode marke that being exactly done then cause hym for to make the true moulde and proportion then cause the Carpenter for to cut out of a peece of Tymber the true proportion of the moulde of the Shyppe in all poyntes as thus For euery foote long make the moulde in Tymber in length an ynche and for the breadth in lyke manner for euery foote make the other an ynche and also for euery foote in deepenesse that the Shyp swymmeth into the water make the moulde in Tymber one ynche and so consequently euery parte and place bothe of the roune and way and floore with the quarters of the Shyp to cutte the moulde for euery foote and part of a foote an ynch with those partes euen as the woorke or moulde of the Shyppe dooth runne in all poyntes and that beeing exactly doone then let there be made in some kinde of mettall as Leade or Tynne the true proportion of the moulde hollowe and thight that it may holde water as the moulde in woode will shewe or leade them howe to doo it verye truly and then that beeyng doone then cause an other square vessel too bee made of mettall in Cubicke wyse suche a one as you may measure the hollowe thereof as easilye as you may measure a square peece of Tymber and if that there were lynes or prickes at euery ynche in deepenesse it were all the better And then this beeing doone then fyll that vessell that is made for the moulde of the Shyppe with that water that the Shyppe doeth swymme in and that beeyng exactly fylled then put that water into the other vessel and looke that there be none of the water shed then you may knowe iustlye howe many ynches square that the water is by measuring the water with an ynche rule and that beyng knowne then you doe knowe howe manye foote that the solled body of the moulde of the Shyppe doeth conteyne And then waying instlye one foote square euery way of that water and then you knowing howe manye poundes and partes of a pounde that one foote square of water doeth waye then multiplye the number of feete of the Ship with that you
tunnes beyng knowen prepare so many Shyppes Hoyes or Lyghters as wyll carrye syxe or eyght tymes the wayght that it dooth waygh in the water and then let them be neare halfe laden euery one of them wyth some handsome ballast that is wayghty and good to be remoued too and fro And then when you haue made your Ropes and Cables fast vnto the sunken Shyppe or vessell then bring your Hoyes and Lyghters vnto the sunke Vessell and let all that Ballast bee throwne into one ende of all the Hoyes and Lyghters and then make fast your Ropes and Cables vntoo that ende that hath the ladyng or ballast Then your ropes and Cables being made fast throwe or carrye all the ballast or ladyng vnto the other ende and then it will waygh or lyfte the sunken Shyppe from the bottome Wherefore you muste haue double so manye as is able too lyfte or waygh it for when that all the ladyng is throwne vnto the other ende then whylest that the one hath lyfted or wayghed it the other Hoyes or Lyghters must make faste theyr Ropes and Cables vnto the laden endes agayne And thus they muste doo as often tymes as the lading is throwen vnto the further ende they must haue as manye Lyghters as are able too lyfte or waygh it whyllest that the other Lyghters doo hang or turne the laden ende and to bee made fast vnto the Ropes and Cables agayne And thus in tyme they shall waygh or lyft the sunken thyp or vessell vnto the drymme of the water and then they maye carrye the sunken vessell vnto the lande or shoare And by this order or meanes they may waygh any Shyppe or vessell vp vnto the brymme of the water in such places whereas it dooth neyther ebbe nor flowe The nyenth Chapter sheweth how to bring in any shyppe ouer a shulde or barre and to make the Shyppe beare Sayle when al the ballast is out and also if neede requyre how to lyft the Shyppe higher out of the waterwardes to the intent to bring her in c. ANd now insomuch that I haue shewed how to waygh any Shyppe that is sunke as wel in such places wheras it dooth not ebbe and flowe and also ebbe and flowe In lyke manner I doo thinke it conuenient too shewe vnto you how for to bryng a Shyppe in ouer a barre or Shulde whereas there is not sufficientnesse of deepth of water to come into any hauen or Ryuer and if that all the ballast is out and if there is not sufficientnesse of deepth of water Then howe to lyft her higher out of the waterwards vntyl the shyppe is sufficiently out of the water to bring her in ouer the shulde or barre c. And fyrst thus if that any Shyppe bee come intoo anye Hauen or harborowe and by the meanes of a shulde or barre that she hath not deepth of water yenough and yet the Shyppe is but in her ballast Then doo thus Prepare two greate Hoyes or Lyghters and also strong haulsers or Cables and then bryng the one of the Hoyes or Lyghters on the one side and the other on the other syde and that doone then make faste the head and the sterne of both the Hoyes or Lyghters with strong Ropes or Haulsers and make them fast as high in the Shyppe as you can conuenientlye and then heaue all the ballast out of the Shyppe into the two Hoyes or Lighters And that doone the Ropes and Haulsers being fast vnto the heade and sterne of the Lyghters or Hoyes and vnto the Shyppe the Shyppe cannot ouerthrowe although al the Takle and Mastes are standing for looke when the shyppe would shelde then it cannot doo it except that it shoulde lyft the furdest Lyghter or Hoye out of the water which is not possible for to doe as long as the Ropes or Cables doo holde and then if that it doo offer to holde the other way then that lighter that is on the other syde wyl not suffer it as long as the ropes or fastes doo holde Wherfore the shyppe may beare saile although al the ballast were out c. But if that there be not sufficientnesse of deepth of water vppon the shulde or barre to bring the Shyppe in ouer it when al the ballast is out yet notwithstanding you maye make such prouision that you may lift her hygher vp out of the water vntyl such tyme as the Shyppe may be able to come in as thus you hauyng prouided two such Lyghters meete for the purpose as before is declared then prepare long and strong great Timber or Mastes that may be of such sufficient length that wyll reach the breadth of the Shyp and the breadth of both the Lyghters all at once And then the Lyghters being made fast as before is rehearsed and al the ballast heued or throwne out of the Shyppe into the two Lyghters then the Lyghters beyng laden with the ballast then make holles thorowe both the sydes of the Shyppe in sundrye places and then put the long and strong great Tymber thorowe both the sydes of the Shyppe that it may bee ouerthwarte crosse ouer both the sydes of the Lyghters and in such sort that the Shyppe maye rest or hang vppon the long and strong great Tymber or Mastes and rest or lye vppon the two sydes of both the Lyghters And then hauyng out all the ballast out of both the Lyghters the two Lyghters wyll heaue vp out of the waterwardes as muche in wayghte as theyr owne proper Tonnage or burthen commeth vntoo c. And by thys meanes you may lyft any Shyppe out of the water vnto what proportion you lyst and also you knowing the wayght of the Shyppe as you maye knowe it as it dooth appeare in the seconde and thyrde Chapters going before Then accordyngly you maye make your prouision of the two Lyghters to lyft such sufficient quantitye of the Shyppe that shal bee able to serue your turne and also if that it shoulde happen so that the Shyppe shoulde be a grounde vppon the shuld or barre and yet the place that the Shyppe is a grounde on dooth neyther ebbe nor flowe yet notwithstanding you haue this remedye to helpe it then lade both the Lyghters agayne and let the Shyp rest vpon the grounde and then you maye boulster â—t vp by some prouision betweene the two Lyghters sydes and the long Tymber or Mastes vntyll that it be sufficient to serue your turne and then discharging the Lyghters they shall lyft vp the Shyppe hygher agayne And by this meanes you may bryng in any ship higher againe ouer any shuld or barre so that the water be sufficient deepe that the Lyghters beyng laden may passe in ouer the barre or shuld c. The tenth Chapter dooth shew vnto you how for to come vnto the Keel of any Ship without the grounding of her wherby you may collect any shippe and make her thight vnto the Keel which is called carriyng of them c. AND for that our Countrye of
some Ilande long agone by the often soussing of the bellowes or waues of the Sea that neuer standeth styll the other substaunce or stuffe is beaten and consumed away through the great deepenesse of the sea the other substaunce or stuffe is tumbled to the bottome and is no more seene And as the mynerals in the ground be of diuers kinds of substaunces as some earth and some sande and some stones to conclude of a hundred seuerall sortes so that all those loose substaunces that woulde be mollysted with the water are beaten and washed away so that there dooth remayne nothing but the harde myne of stone and so he dooth stande in the sea as a pynacle or Rock as by experience is seene in a number of places to the west Occian as the West part of Englande and the West part of Brittayne on the Coast of Fraunce and such other lyke places whereas there be innumerable companyes of Rocks some being of a gret height aboue the water other some do shew thēselues iust with the water and other some are sunken Rockes being rounded with the water some deeper then other some which would not bee knowne but onely by the breaking of the sea ouer them c. And this is my opinion as concerning Rocks in the sea that haue beene of long time agone parcell of the mayne lande though they be now Rockes in the sea Then it may be sayde that the lande is much lesser then it hath beene before time and so it is And yet it is but a trifle in respect of any great quantytie or bignes as it may be compared vnto the ragged edges of a peece of cloth and yet the ragged edges thereof being pared away the thing hath not much chaunged his fashion or forme neither in respect is become litle the worse c. The syxt Chapter sheweth the naturall cause of the ebbing and flowing of the Sea and the ebbyng and the flowing of the Hauens and Ryuers AND furthermore as concerning the ebbing and flowing of the sea and other riuers we do see by common experience that the Moone dooth alwayes gouerne the same Wherefore it may bee supposed that the waters doo seeke and repaire or most speciallye are drawne by the power of the Moone that when the Moone is in the midst of the skie that is to say vpon the Meridian then the waters are deepest or thickest and also in lyke manner in the opposite part or els it would ebbe and flow but once in .24 houres and 4 ◠partes accordyng vnto the dayly motion of the Moone which we do se by experiēce that it doth ebbe flow but once in 12. houres ⅖ part of an houre and then by this reason it shoulde flow or be a full sea in all places at a South Moone and a North Moone so as the Moone passeth vnto the Westwardes to be a ful sea in those partes and so to goe with the diurnall or dayly motion of the heauens which we see by experience is contrary for we doo see by dayly experyence that vpon the Coast of Spayne and all those partes that are vpon the West Occian Seas that the Moone in the Southwest dooth make a full sea which is 3. houres after the Moone is vppon the Meridian and yet notwithstanding it woulde bee a full sea alwayes where as the Moone is vpon their Meridian and so to folow the daily motiō of the moone as the moone is caried with primū Mobile so that it were not let by this gret accidēce that this West Occian Sea is shot in betweene the firme lande of Ameryca on the West part and the mayne lande of Afryca and Europe on the East side by which meanes the waters cannot folow to bee a full Sea accordyng vnto the Moones course as she doth goe in her dayly motion accordyng vnto the Moones commyng vnto the Meridian Wherefore it is to bee supposed that yf there were no suche accidence in the Sea to be let by the lande that then it would follow orderly that the waters in the Sea woulde goe rounde accordyng vnto the Moones course in .24 houres and so the streme or currant to goe from the East into the West and so rounde about c. But nowe wee see that the waters in the ebbing and flowyng are let by this great impediment for Ameryca dooth inclose the West part and Europe and Afryca the East part and yet we doo see by experience that the Moone dooth gouerne the ebbyng the flowyng of the waters of the Sea in two great and notable respectes The one is this as it is daylye seene in euery place wheras it dooth ebbe and flow that the Moone in one quarter of the Skye dooth make a full sea for euer in that place or hauen or harborow And the other great effect of the Moone is this as it is alwayes seene that at the full of the Moone and also at the chaunge of the Moone how that the waters are quickened and doo rayse or lyft them selues muche higher then they doo at any other times and also dooth descend much lower where by it maketh the tyde or streme to runne much the swifter as it is seene by dayly experience in such places whereas it dooth ebbe flow at which times it is called in the time of the full Moone and the chaunge of the Moone spring tydes or spring stremes in the quarters of the Moone it is called Nepe tydes or Nepe stremes for that the waters doo not lyft them selues or flowe so high as they doo at any other time neyther doo they descende or ebbe so low as they doo at any other times of the Moone and by that meanes the streme doth not runne so swift as it doth at other times for as in spring tydes it dooth flowe or lift it selfe higher and descende or ebbe lower then of custome So in neape Tides it doth lift or flow lesse in height also ebbe or descende lesse in deepenesse then it dooth of custome as it is seene dayly by common experience c. But yet furthermore as touching the ebbyng and flowing of the water both in the Sea and also in Hauens and Ryuers and although that it dooth keepe an order or methode in anye one assigned place yet is there great varietye in places harde by yea in one Ryuer it shal be a full Sea in one parte of the Ryuer and in that Ryuer and at that instant a lowe water as the proofe thereof maye be manyfestly seene here in the Ryuer of Thames as it is not vnknowen that the Moone in the South dooth make a full Sea on the landes end at the entraunce of the Ryuer of Thames and the Moone in the south-Southwest dooth make a full Sea at London and then it is halfe ebbed on the landes ende But in Rychmonde aboue London there the Moone in the West dooth make a ful Sea and then on the landes end there it is a lowe
water as it is manifestly to be seene c. And furthermore as touching the ebbyng and flowyng vpppon the Coast of the Occient Sea for that it floweth generally a south-Southwest Moone so mine opinion is this by the meanes of the shuttyng or inclosyng of the Sea betweene America and Europe and Africa that it commeth to passe thus for the water cannot followe the course of the Moone for after that the Moone is past the Meridian in the Bay of America commonly called the Bay of Mexico that then the waters can no longer followe the course of the Moone for that it is letten by the mayne lande And then when the Moone dooth come rounde about vnto the Southeast then the powers of the Moone doo tracte or draw the waters vnto the Eastwardes by whiche meanes the waters hauing a great course or swaye vnto the Eastwardes are drawen so vehementlye by the powers of the Moone vntyll suche tyme as the Moone dooth come vnto the Meridian that it cannot sodaynely reuerse although the Moone bee paste the Meridian to the Westwarde as we maye see manye tymes by common experience that any thing forced to moue violentlye is not presently stayed but that it must haue a tyme in the staying as the force of the dryfte dooth decay which must be by litle and litle c. And so by that meanes the Mone is in the Southwest before the waters wylbe descended and for proofe thereof if that you doo put water in any broade or long vessell and sturre the water in such sort that it may swaye from one ende vnto the other and after that it hath begunne to sway from ende vnto end it wyll be a long tyme before it wyll stande styll for you cannot make it to staye vppon the sodayne but it wyll sway too and fro vntil that it dooth stay it selfe by litle and litle c. And furthermore as touching the ebbyng and flowyng in the other inferior Seas and Hauens and Ryuers that happeneth by this meanes as it is a full Sea in all the places vppon the West parte towardes the Occian Sea so that when it door finde the water of our inferior Sea lower then that which dooth come out of the Occian Sea then it runneth in vntil that it commeth to be leuel For the propertie of water is alwayes to runne vnto the lower partes and so by that meanes and also the sway that it hath it runneth and floweth into al Hauens and Harbours and Riuers as long as it fyndeth any place lower or inferior in hight vnto it selfe And then as soone as it fyndeth the water behynde it lower then it is before it then it stayeth and beginneth to runne backe agayne for as is sayde before the propertie of waters is alwayes to runne to the lower partes and by this meanes it floweth into al ryuers Hauens and Crickes vppon the Sea coast and in some place it dooth hygher flowe more water vpryght and dooth ebbe more water in lyke manner downe right then that it dooth in some other places and that happeneth by this meanes and if any place haue a wyde enterance and then afterwardes is shut vp into a narow roume hauing some distance to reuerse backe agayne then the water dooth ryse and flowe very hygh for that thâ— water commeth in with a great sway and will not vppon the sodayne reuerse backe agayne as by ensample it may be seen in Seuern that commeth vp to Bristow and as before is sayde by the Ryuer of Thames that it is not a ful Sea in all places at one instant For when that it is entred in at the mouth and hath taken his sway withal then it runneth in by the meanes that the water is lower within then it is with out at the Sea for that it is a quarter flood and more at the Sea before that the flood entreth into the Ryuer and so floweth vpwardes for it must haue a tyme before that it can hygh so much water at the mouth or enterance to be hygher then it is within vp into the Ryuer for it is three parts flood vpon the landes end before that it be anye flood at London for that the distance is a great way in the Ryuer very crooked and narrow and many poynts and Naases that doo let and stay the Tyde but afterwardes when it is in and hath taken his sway then it cannot so soone reuerse backe vntyll that the water is well descended or ebbed behynde it too the Seawardes as it dooth manifestly appeare by experience And by this order it floweth into all Hauens and Ryuers accordyng vnto the indraught The seuenth Chapter sheweth the cause of Currantes or streames that runneth in the Sea in such places where it dooth not ebbe and flowe and of Currantes or streames in the Sea there are three seuerall sortes as in the Chapter it dooth appeare c. AND furthermore as touchyng the Currantes or the streame in many places in the Sea whereas it dooth not ebbe and flowe as that is perceyued in manye places as by experience is seene and knowen in the Sea And to let you vnderstande what those Currantes or Strames bee that it is a continuall runnyng of the water in the Sea alwayes one way and not reuersyng or commyng backe wardes to and fro as it dooth in such places where it doth ebbe and flow but that the water alwayes in those Seas or partes doth â—unne continually one waye or els at the least a long tyme according vnto the naturall cause of that currant And of these currantes I doo fynde three seuerall sortes that doo come of three seuerall causes and the cause of euery one of them is contrary vnto the nature of the other And fyrst concerning the naturall cause of the principallest Currantes as by experience of them is seene in diuers places by those that haue trauayled into those partes by the Sea as thus The currant ruÌ„neth forceably and continually from the East vnto the West at the Cappe bone speraunce the Southermost Cappe of Africa or Ethiopia and so reboundeth vpon the Coast of America which is drawen by the powers of the Moone by ber dayly motion as in the Chapter next before is rehearsed as it dooth appeare by the ensample of ebbyng and flowing and so rebounding vppon the Coast of America by that impediment that it cannot get passage that way accordyng vnto the dayly motion then it is forced to seeke other passages so that parte thereof dooth seeke and dooth goe thorowe the strayghtes of Magelenâ—s into the South Sea and there the currant dooth go continually from the East into the West But that strayght or passage beyng vnsufficient for that it is so narrowe the currant is forced to seeke some other waye Wherefore partly it dooth deuide it selfe and so dooth runne vp vnto the Coaste of Brasyll towardes the Equinoctiall by Cappe Crucis and Saint Dâ—myngs and so into the great Bay of