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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	point_n	south_n	west_n	1,337	5	9.1289	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16510	A regiment for the sea conteyning most profitable rules, mathematical experiences, and perfect knovvledge of nauigation, for all coastes and countreys: most needefull and necessarie for all seafaring men and trauellers, as pilotes, mariners, marchants. [et] c. Exactly deuised and made by VVilliam Bourne.	Bourne, William, d. 1583.	1574 (1574)	STC 3422; ESTC S104662	95,591	154

the pole and howe manye degrées and minutes c. North The Guardes in the Northe the Starre is .3 degrees vnder the Pole. North east The Gards in the northeast the North star is .3 degrees and a halfe vnder the Pole. East The Guardes in the East the Northe Sarre is one degree and a halfe vnder the Pole. Sooth east The Guardes in the South east the North Star is halfe a degree aboue the Pole. Sooth The Guardes in the Southe the North Star is 3. degrees aboue the Pole. Sooth west The Guardes in the Southwest the Starre is .3 degrees and a halfe aboue the Pole. West The Guards in the West the star is one degree and a halfe aboue the Pole. North west The Guardes in the Northwest the Star is halfe a degree vnder the Pole. ¶ The thirtenth chapter dothe shewe you by the sayling vpon the quarter of your compasse in how far sayling you do rayse a degree and what you doe departe from the Meridian and in the ende there is a Demonstration therof FUrthermore bycause there be some that desire to knowe the alteration of a point to this ende that in running of one poynte they may rayse or lay a degree soner in one than in an other as in the sayling south or North kéeping one Meridian they rayse or lay the Pole. As this for your example In going to the North you doe rayse the Pole and lay the Equinoctial Contrarywise going towardes the South you laye the Pole and rayse the Equinoctiall But in sayling or going East or Weast you do neyther alter your Pole nor Paralele but onely your Meridian Whereas in sayling of any other poynte you doe alter both your Pole and Paralele and also your Meridian Wherefore I will open vnto you in sayling vppon one of the quarters of the compasse what euery pointe doth rayse or lay one degrée in how farre sayling and howe many myles you be departed from the place you departed from and what space you be departed from your Meridian But heere is one thing to be noted as I suppose in the most part of cardes they allowe for euery degree but .17 leagues and a half your cards be most commonly made in Lishborne in Portugal in Spayne or else in Fraunce But as I take it we in England should allowe .60 myles to one degrée that is after .3 miles to one of our Englishe leagues wherefore .20 of oure English leagues shoulde answere to one degrée for that .3 of our myles will not make one of their leagues And bycause they make their acountes by their leagues in the cardes and not by oures therefore I will shew you by our Englishe myles An English myle conteyneth .1000 pases and euery pase .5 foote and euery foote .12 ynches Nowe some thinke that a pase can not be .5 foote but a pase Geometrical is .2 reasonable steppes for it can not be a pase vntill the hinder foote be remoued forwards and those 2. steppes will containe .5 foote and so maye any man endure to goe at pleasure But nowe to our purpose For the sayling of one quarter of the compasse this is to be noted First that in sayling directly south or North you do raise or lay the Pole a degrée in 60. myles going In the altering of one point from the South or North in .61 myles and you be departed from the lyne of East and Weast or the Meridian .12 myles In altering of the seconde poynt you rayse a degree in sayling of .65 myles and departe from your Meridian .25 myles In altering of the .3 poynte you doe rayse or lay one degrée in sayling .72 myles and a .9 part and are departed from your Meridian .40 myles Moreouer in altering of the 4. point you do raise or lay a degrée in the going of .85 myles depart from your Meridian .60 miles In altering of the .5 point or winde you raise a degrée in the sayling of .108 miles and depart from your Meridian .90 miles In sayling by the 6. point you raise or lay one degrée in .157 miles and depart from your Meridian line 145. miles Last of all in sayling by the .7 pointe or winde you doe raise a degrée in going of .308 miles and depart from your Meridian line .302 miles and after this manner you may consider of the other three quarters of the compasse But if you require to knowe the raysing or laying of a degrée by the leagues of the cardes that is at .17 leagues and a halfe then reade the arte of Nauigation and there shall you finde howe many degrées you be departed fro your Meridian and also from the place that you departed from and yet that serueth for no other place but onely for vnder the Equinoctiall for he that maketh account of it in any other place shall be deceiued For euer as you goe to any of the .2 Poles your degrées be stil shorter and shorter till such time as your Meridian méete vnder the two Poles whereof I intreat in the .16 Chapter For the better vnderstanding of the things aforesayd looke on this figure folowing ¶ The .14 Chapter teacheth to know hovv far any lande is off from you knovving but the distance betweene any two places whither you runne along by the lande or directly to the shoare or otherwise with other necessarie things FOr that I know it very necessarie and profitable for Seamen to knowe howe neare or farre they be into the Sea and how neare to the lande I will intreat thereof for diuers considerations And first bicause in rūning alongst the land there may be daunger which may be such a certaine quantitie into the sea that they may go both within them and with out them And also in like manner for that being at one distance from the lande the land may rise in such a shape or fashion whereas being nearer the lande may rise in another forme or fashion for being far off you shal sée the hils within the lande and being neare the hilles or cliffes neare vnto the Sea coast maye take awaye the sight of the lande within Furthermore also it is very necessarie to know in what fashion the lande doth rise vpō diuers points of the compasse as ofte as the fashion of the lande doth alter and to note it in some booke for remembrance First by what pointes of the compasse then the fashion last at how far off c. For knowledge how farre off you be from the land you may haue this helpe if there be any .2 places by the Sea coast whereof you knowe the distance howe many leagues or miles the one is from the other In going alongst the coast you shall set them vp with your compasse and when you are thwart of them if they be but one point asunder you shal be .5 times the distance betweene them from the lande or shoare If the two places be two pointes asunder then the distance

being then .4 points to the Eastward of the Sunne whiche is 3. houres the same rule may they in like case obserue when the Moone is paste the full .3 days and .18 houres and also in the middes of the quarters Here followeth a table of Tides FIrst the Moone South or North on Landes ende full Sea. The Moone South and by East at the Gore ende full Sea. The Moone South southwest betwéene holy Iland and Tinemouth full Sea. It floweth betwéene Tinemouth and Flambrough head Southwest and Northeast Moone It floweth betwéene Flambrough head and Bridlington in the bay a South west and by West Moone The Moone in the West Southwest betwéene Bridlington and Laurenas full Sea. It floweth betwéene Laurenas and Cromer all along the well an East and West Moone It floweth betwéene Cromer and Yarmouth rode to Laystow North rode a Southeast Moone It floweth betwéene Laistowe rode and Orfordenas a Southeast and by South Moone It floweth betweene Orford and Orewel wands a South Southeast Moone It floweth betwéene the Nas the Ware head of Colne a South and by East Moone It floweth at the Spittes and at the Sheue and al alongst the Swinne a South Moone At the West end of the Norre a Southe and by West Moone full Sea. It floweth at Grauesend a South Southwest Moone It floweth at London Bridge a Southwest Moone It floweth at the North forlande a South Southeast Moone so alongst the coast till you come to Bechy And in the ofton from the North forland to the South forland it runneth halfe tide And frō the South forland to the Nas the tide runneth halfe tyde halfe quarter And from the Nas to the Fairely it runneth halfe tide and from Fairely to Beche it runneth quarter tide vnder other It floweth to the Weastward of Beche a kenning a Southeast and by South Moone It floweth at Portesmouth a Southe and by East Moone It floweth at S. Elens a South Southeast Moone It floweth on the Sea side of the Iland a Southeast and by South Moone and so on the Lande and at the Needles and runneth quarter tide in the oftonne It floweth at Poole in the hauen a Southeast Moone It floweth at Waymouth an East and West Moone It floweth at Portland a Southeast Moone It floweth from the Weaste parte of Portlande till you come vntoo Plymmouth an East and Weast Moone It floweth on the shoare from Plymmouth to the Lizard a West and by Southe Moone And in the oftonne a Southeast Moone It floweth at Mountes baye an East and Weaste Moone It floweth at Selly a West and by South Moone It floweth at the Landes ende of Goolfe a West Southwest Moone It floweth all alongst the coast vp to Bristowe and the coast of Ireland from Waterford to Kinsale a West and by South Moone Furthermore it floweth for the most part from the poll head of Burdeaux all alongst the coast of Biskey Galiza Portingale till you come to the straightes of Maliga a Southwest and Northeast Moone It floweth at Flushing a Southweast and by Southe Moone It floweth at Anwerp an East and west Moone It floweth all alongest the coast of Flaunders from the Wyldings to Calys a Southe and by East Moone and so runneth halfe a tide vnder the other Nowe heere is one speciall thyng too bée noted and that is thys it floweth one poynte of the compasse more in the Spring streames than it doothe in any of the quarters of the Moone so that it be a riuer where there is any indrafte hauing distaunce from the Sea when there is neyther rage of wyndes nor anye cause eyther too hinder or further the sayde effect As for example thus it floweth at Grauesend at the chaunge of the Moone or full a Southe Southwest Moone But in any of the quarters of the Moone it skante floweth a Southe and by West Moone and this is generally for euer The fourth Chapter treateth of the Sunne moones course in the Zodiack and hovv you shall knovv vvhat houres the Moone shall rise and set at and at what poynte of the compasse vvyth other necessarye thynges FVrthermore the Sunne by hys naturall moouing thoroughe the twelue Signes in the Zodiack in the yeare dothe cause the heigth and lowenesse of his declination whiche is necessarie for the Seafaring men to knowe in whiche declination they do take from equinoctiall to equinoctiall and this is to be noted that as the Sunne hathe declination so in like manner hathe the Moone for by hir declination and the Sunne is knowen the tyme of hir shyning or abiding aboue our horizon The Sunne or Moone in the firste minute of Aries do rise East and set West and shyne .12 houres In the first minute of Taurus they rise néere the Easte Northeast and set néere the West Northwest and shyne .14 houres In the signe of Gemini they rise neere the Northeast and by East and they set néere the Northwest and by West and shyne .16 houres In the signe of Cancer the firste minute they make their greatest declination to the Northwards and they rise neer the Northeast and set neere the Northweast and shyne néere .17 houres In the fyrste minute of Leo discending towardes the equinoctiall as they dyd in Gemini And in the signe of Virgo as they dyd in Taurus And in the firste minute of Libra equinoctiall beginning South declination as in Aries And in the fyrste minute of Scorpio they rise néere the Easte Southeast and sette néere the Weast Southweast and shyne .10 houres In the fyrste minute of Sagittarius they rise neere the Southeast and by East and set néere the Southwest and by weast and shyne .8 houres In the fyrste minute of Capricornus they haue their greatest declinatiō to the South and begin to returne to the equinoctiall rising neere the Southeast and setting néere the Southwest and shyne more than .7 houres In the firste minute of Aquarius as in Sagittarius In the firste minuts of Pisces as in Scorpio Nowe by this rule you may knowe the rising and setting of the Moone for euer as thus I haue shewed you before in the shifting of the Sunne and Moone that for euery day of the age of the Moone the Moone goeth Eastward one point .3 minuts in .2 days .2 points and .6 minuts c. Nowe when you list to knowe the very houre and time of hir rising Looke howe many dayes the Moone is olde then put so many points and so many .3 minutes and looke what it amounteth vnto Which for your better vnderstanding I will shew by example and first of the Moones being South by euery day of the age of the Moone The Moone being one daye olde is South at .12 of the clocke .48 minutes The Moone being .2 dayes olde is South at one of the clocke .36 minuts in the after noone Three days old South at 2. of the clock .24 minuts .4 days olde at .3 of the clock .12

Octa. Martini Quind Martini Note also that the Eschequer openeth eyght dayes before any Tearme begin except Trinitie Tearme which openeth but foure dayes before Thirtie dayes hath September Apryll Iune and Nouember Februarie hath .xxviij. alone and all the rest thirtie and one Except the leape yeare wherin Februarie hath .xxix. ¶ An Introduction vnto the Regiment for the Sea. The names of certaine things necessarie to be known of them that are Mariners or Seafaring men meete to bee knowne of them that doe practise Nauigation as this the names of the circles of the Sphere and what they are and their vses and also the names of other things belonging therevnto and what they are and their vses First vvhat the Horizon circle is THe Horizon is the parting of the earthe or the Sea and the skye that is to say the halfe of the heauens being aboue ouer your heade and the other halfe hidden with the earth or Sea vnder them and this Horizon circle dothe moue as you doe moue for as you doe by trauell chaunge your place so doth the Horizon chaunge in all points The vse of the Horizon circle THe vse of the Horizon circle is this to take the heigth of the Sunne or any starre with the crosse staffe setting the one ende with the Horizon and the other ende with the Sunne or starre so that you haue a true Horizon and that must be doone vpon the Sea or else it must be a very playne grounde vpon the toppe of a hill else it is no true Horizon And also if the Sunne or Moone or any starre be to be séene thē they be aboue the Horizon if they be not to be séene then they be vnder the Horizon 2. VVhat the Meridian circle is THe Meridian is a circle beginning due South and so passing by youre Zenith that is right ouer the crowne of your head and so by the two Poles of the worlde and if you doe trauell due South and North you doe not chaunge youre Meridian but in the going or trauelling any other way you do chaunge it The vse of the Meridian circle THe vse of the Meridian circle is to knowe the iust tyme of noone by the Sunne for as soone as the middle of the Sunne is vpon the Meridian then it is noone and when the Sunne Moone or any Star is vpon the Meridian then they be farthest from the Horizon and it is a meete time to take their heigth for to know the altitude or heigth of the Pole of the worlde whereby you may perfitly knowe howe farre you bee too the Southwardes or Northwardes of any place 3. VVhat the Equinoctiall circle is being a Paralell line or circle fixed THe Equinoctiall is a fixed circle in the Heauens equally distant from both the Poles and doth passe directly ouer the middle of the earth rounde about and is called the Equinoctiall for that if the Sunne be there then thorowe all the whole world the Sunne is twelue houres aboue the Horizon and twelue houres vnder the Horizon sauing vnder the two Poles and there the Equinoctiall is with the Horizon So they shal see half the Sunne and no more till the Sunne be departed from the Equinoctiall And also to them that do inhabite or dwell in any place vnder the Equinoctiall the Sunne Moone and all the Starres be twelue hours aboue the Horizon and twelue houres vnder the Horizon The vse of the Equinoctiall circle THe vse of the Equinoctiall is to knowe what declination the Sunne or any other Starre hath from it and of whiche side and by that is known the heigth of the Equinoctial and by the heigth of that is known the heigth of either of the two Poles of the world 4 VVhat the circle or Tropicke of Cancer is being a Paralell circle fixed THe Tropicke of Cancer is the greatest declination that the Sunne doth come vnto the Northwards and then is our longest Sommer dayes and shortest nights 5. VVhat the circle or Tropick of Capricorne is being a Paralell circle fixed THe Tropicke of Capricorne is the greatest declination that the sunne doth go vnto the Southwards and then is our shortest Winter dayes and longest nights The vses of these two circles be but smal but that the days béeing at the longest or shortest the Sunne dothe returne backe againe c. 6. VVhat the Articke circle is beeing a Paralell circle THe Articke circle doth touch the Horizon due North and is according to the place that you are in of any place vpon the face of the earth and doth wyden and narrow according vnto the altitude or heigth of the Pole for as you doe goe vnto the South partes then dothe your Articke circle growe narower and narower vntill you come right vnder the Equinoctiall line and then haue you no Articke circle and if that you do goe vnto the North partes then doth your Articke circle growe wider and wider and where the North Pole is raysed .66 degrées and a half there the Artick circle is iust with the Tropick of Cancer and then vnder the north Pole there your Artick circle is with the Equinoctial The vse of the Articke circle THe vse of the Articke circle is to knowe what Starres doe neuer set vntoo you for all those Starres or lyghtes that you doe sée vnder the Pole doe not set and if that you bee vnto the North wardes of the height of the Pole more than .66 degrées and a halfe if that the Sunne or Moone be in the Tropick of Cancer they shall not goe downe vnto you vnder the Horizon but shall bée still in sighte vnto you so that they be not let by the cloudes and other accidentes 7. VVhat the Antarticke circle is beeing a Paralell circle THe Antarticke circle doth touch the Horizon due South and is opposite or right agaynste the Articke circle and dothe wyde and narrowe in all poyntes and dothe not differ from the Articke circle sauing the Articke circle is aboue the Horizon and the Antartike circle is vnderneath the Horizon The vse of the Antarticke circle THe vse of the Antarticke circle is as the Articke is in all poyntes to knowe what starres will not appeare aboue your Horizon and in like manner to the Northwardes of 66. degrées and a halfe the Sunne or Moone being in the Tropicke of Capricorne then they wyll not ryse aboue the Horizon 8. VVhat the Zodiacke is beeing a circle THe Zodiacke is the greatest circle in all the Heauens wherein all the wandering lightes or Planets doe kéepe theyr courses that is to say the Sunne and Moone and the other fiue Planets or Starres that is to say Saturne Iupiter Mars Venus and Mercury c. whiche circle is deuided into twelue equall partes called the twelue singes as Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagitarius Capricornus Aquarius Pisces the which circle standeth oblique equinoctiall or awrye crossing in the middle at two places the Northermost parte is the middle of the Zodiacke and

which shall be your Meridian lyne then stryke an other lyne by the Center a crosse that you may deuide the circle into foure equall partes and then for that fourtie fiue degrées is the greatest variation sette fourtie fiue vnto the Easte parte and West parte deuidyng euery one of the quarters of the circle into fourtie fiue equall partes accordyng to the greatest variation then make an other circle of that Diameter that the circumference touche the Center of that Circle and deuide it as you deuide the Compasse after the rate of twoo and thirtie poyntes although you néede not deuide but that side to the Norwardes and then the Northeast and Norwest point will fall vpon fourtie fiue degrées that done drawe lynes accordyng to the poyntes of the Compasse vnto the Eastwardes or Westwardes and looke howe they fall vpon the lyne that commeth from the Center of the other Circle of whiche euery quarter is diuided into fourtie fiue equall partes and then at the very place that the lyne doothe touche drawe paralell lynes in that Circle by proportion at the very place to the Eastewardes or Westwardes that the lyne of the Compasse falleth vpon and that will shewe you iustly howe many degrées you shall transporte your selfe vnto the Eastwardes or Westwardes for the varying of the firste poynte seconde poynte and thirde poynte and in lyke manner the greatest variation whiche is the fourthe poynte So that accordyng to that order it will fall out in this manner that the Compasse will be varied one point at neare eleuen and ⅓ It will be varied two poyntes neare aboute foure and twentie degrées and a halfe It will be varied thrée poyntes at fourtie twoo degrées and aboute a halfe But it will not be varied the fourth point vntill you be full foure score and tenne degrées from the Meridian that the compasse was made at whiche is a very slow varying beyng .47 degrées and ½ before the Compasse dothe varie one poynt and betwéene the thirde poynt and the seconde poynt beyng .18 degrées for the varying of that poynt and then from the seconde poynte vnto the fyrste poynte it is .13 degrées and better and last of all from the varying of one poynt to the Meridian it is .11 degrées and ⅓ parte euery degree beyng according to the parralel you are in which dothe alter according vnto your Latitude from the Equinoctiall for vnder the Equinoctiall it is 60. Englishe miles or .20 English leagues vnto one degrée In the Latitude of .60 degrées from the Equinoctiall there in that parralell it is but .30 myles or .10 Englishe leagues vnto one degrée c. as it is plainely shewed in the .16 chapter of this booke wherein is an instrument shewing you howe many miles of Longitude will answere vnto a degrée in euery seuerall Latitude by the replying of a threed at your discretion so that I conclude if the compas doth varie by that ordre of proportion that Martine Curtise dothe attributs vnto it you may giue a neare ghesse to finde the Longitude by the varying of the compas beyng neare vnto the Meridian that the compas was made for But if you be very farre from the Meridian that the compas was made for then the variation is so slowe that you can haue no iudgement at all by the variation of the compas to finde any Longitude And furthermore if the compas dothe varie by that proportion that Martine Curtise doth affirme I am of that opinion that there may growe some errour in proportion in those compasses that are made for any Meridian for those compasses that are made here with vs in Englande whereof the needle dothe stande .4 or .5 degrées vnto the Eastwards of the North as doth appeare by all the néedles made for dials also in the compasses if they would haue the North point to stande due North then the ende of the wyers vnder the carde of the compasse should stande foure or fiue degrees vnto the Eastwards of the Flouredeluce wherefore it may be doubted that the compasse maye varie more the one way than it will the other way by that proportion that the ende of the wyre dothe stande beside from the North poynt For if in the greatest variation the ende of the wyre vnder the carde of the compasse doth stande Northwest the flouredeluce of the compasse should stande neare halfe a poynt to the Westwards of the Northwest And in like maner at the greatest variation if the ende of the wyre doth stande Northeast then the Flouredeluce should stande neare halfe a poynt vnto the Northwards of the Northeast c. And furthermore heere is one thing that I could neuer vnderstande the truthe of and yet I haue oftentimes demaunded the question of dyuers that haue beene in the West part in the bay of America and that is this Whether in the compasse there made or in the dials that are there made the endes of the Nedles doe stande due North or not and yet it hath not beene my chaūce to méete with any that can tell For if it be so that those Nedles that are there touched doe stande due North th●n it were very good for them that should occupie long trauerse vnto the Westwarde or Eastwarde to haue diuers compasses ready made with the Néedle of them vntouched and to carie a good Lodestone with them to touche those compasses when the compasse hath the greatest variation It is good for these two causes the one cause it is the better to direct your course by But this cause is very speciall to giue a neare gesse of the Longitude that is to say the compasse will varie more quickly according to the order before written by which you see they may transporte them selues further vnto the Eastwards or Westwardes before that the compasse dothe varie one poynt than it dothe for the other three poynts so that they are not able to giue any estimation at all by the varying of the compasse to knowe any Longitude for that they may trauel more than the quarter of the circumference of the earth before the compasse will be varied one poynt backewardes and forwardes And I do very muche maruell at this considering how many times English men haue bene in the west Indies that I can meete with no man that can tell whether the needels of the Dials or compasses made there do stande due Northe or not whiche is a thing that may be easily knowne For the needels of the Dials it is s●ene séene and in like maner of the Compasses for if the Néedle of the Compasses there made will not stande due North then it is reformed vpon the Carde of the flye of the Compasse as if the North ende of the wyers doe stande Northeast then they wil set Northeast ouer it euen as we doe set the ende of the wyers of the Compasses with vs made neare halfe a poynt to the Eastwardes of the Northe c. And furthermore it