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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	north_n	side_n	south_n	2,400	5	9.1749	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A45751	A discoverie for division or setting out of land, as to the best form published by Samuel Hartlib esquire, for direction and more advantage and profit of the adventurers and planters in the fens and other waste and undisposed places in England and Ireland ; whereunto are added some other choice secrets of experiments of husbandry ; with a philosophical quere concerning the cause of fruitfulness, and an essay to shew how all lands may be improved in a new way to become the ground of the increase of trading and revenue to this common-wealth.	Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.; Dymock, Cressy. Discovery for new divisions, or, setting out of lands.	1653 (1653)	Wing H985; ESTC R9861	21,776	42

Land as to the best form With an Exposition of the words Sal Terrae what is to be understood by them in the fore-mentioned Experiment of Husbandry SIR IN obedience to your Commands I shall thus proceed to give you further hints of the Advantages that may be had by casting Lands into some such Forme as the Plot or Card Presented you with formerly doth more fully shew If you set your house in the Centre of your Lordship or great Farme then are you equally distant in a manner to all the parts thereof which I take to be no small conveniencie Against this I know it may be objected that especially in such a place as the great Fenne it will then be too far from the great Dreynes neer unto which it hath been thought fit to set the Houses that Boats may come to the door which they may as well do being with small charge let into your house which charge or trouble being set against those other inconveniences of such as are made or continued by setting the house at the end of the Land for the Dreynes sake will be found inconsiderable For Example The common way of casting out their Levels or Proportions for Tenements are into pieces of 100 acres this is taken from the level in the Isle of Axholm the casting out of the hundred in the great Fen being worse then that this runs backwards from the great Dreyn where your House stands at least 2200 yards and all the passage you have to any of your grounds is through all that is between that part and the House so that part of your work or Harvest lies a long mile from home Now the same proportion of 100 Acres being cast in a square Forme the equall sides will be about 127 rods the half of which is about 64 Rods from the Drayne to the House or Centre of your Land to which to cast a ditch from the main Dreyne of 15 foot wide and as deep as the Dreyn may cost say 5 shil per Rod which is too much it amounts but to 16 li. and you have as good advantage by boat as if your House had stood on the grand Dreyn and better 'T is true every House that stands behinde you which are two in number more upon the same length will cost just as much more either of them but with that charge once for all they are fitted with boatage for ever and the whole land laid so much more dry Now put in the other scale the Conveniencies and Profits or prevention of losse or charge thus whereas before all your ground sowed with corn or lying for meadow saving that next your House must have cost you double treble quadruple I five times six times in some cases as far carriage as the same will do now as oft in the day week moneth year or all years to come as you shall have occasion which well considered is a most casie purchase Secondly as oft as your self or your servants have occasion to go to any of the farther Closes much time must be lost in going and comming which might have been much better spent Thirdly you cannot drive any Cattel to the farthest Closes if they should lie for grasse for which they are fittest but through those neerer which then may be sowed with Corn and it is not easie to foresee the losse you may sustain by the carelessenesse of servants by so doing Lastly for there are many other Inconveniences and Wayes to losse which for brevities sake I omit if your own Cattel be gotten into your own Corn or your bad neighbours into either Corn Meadow or Pastures they are not altogether so soon discovered at so great distances as that form allowes and to put them out will prove half a dayes work almost all which put together will so abundantly repay that small Charge that I suppose I need enforce this no farther and I believe that the Landlord need not be at all the charge for the Tenants conveniencie will invite him to bear a great part of it for here as you see by the Card striking a Circle from your House at the Centre as wide as your Square will admit all your land except the Corners which are destined for pasture for your stronger Cattel and of least present use will be at one and the same distance from you and the farthest if there were any farthest but the Semidiameter of your Circle which is but 350 yards or seventeen score and ten to the farthest end thereof and but 130 yards or six score and ten to the nearest end the carriage alike easie and short the inspection and use or drift alike easie and of quick dispatch and no going through any one into the other but having all in so close an order and so ready at your Command for all purposes that you will be incouraged to make more or better then common Uses of some parts of your Land which may turne to your profit exceedingly if you be but a little vigilant If your ground being either sand or any thing but boggy morish or peat Land then may you plant Hedges Orchards Gardens c. your House stands in the midst which also I would build round which Forme I suppose to be of most beauty use and least cost to him that will give his minde to consider it rightly I would allow for the situation of my House and some Gardens next it of the delicater sort half an Acre of Land and next without that for Orchards and Kitchin-Gardens at least one Acre and one half or two Acres more both cast into a round forme one encompassing the other for which and all that follow I refer to the sight of the Card it self which sets it forth more fully to the eye without that again I would allow 9 Acres to be divided into severall little Closes for the Uses in the Card mentioned some bigger some lesser as I should see cause and to binde all this together I would again encompasse all those with one undivided ring which should contain about four Acres deducting out of all these proportions respectively so much as was taken up with or in hedges ditches walls c. double fenced inwards from the little Closes round about and outward from the last Circle of great Closes out of every of which great Closes all of them at their neerer or smaller ends butting upon this ring I would have a bridge or gate strong and stanch that I might let in what I would but that nothing might get in without my leave I would have from my House four equally quartered out-passages to this Middle ring and from that again straight forwards to the Outside of my Lands well ditched gated fenced I would set my Bake-house Brew-house Wash-house Darie or the like without the second Circle viz. just without my Kitchin-Garden and Orchards and within or at the neerer end to the House of the little Closes and for the side of the House as whether

to set this on the North or that on the South c. of the dwelling-House I leave to every mans discretion As for my Barnes Stables or Houses if any Swine-coates Hen-houses Malt-Kilnes and all that usually is called or belongs to a Foldstead as rackes to feed Cattel without doors c. I would place at such quarters as I thought fit some at one quarter some at another but all on the girdle or middle ring in or on which I would also make so many Coney-berries where the ground will any way bear it as I can fore-see can there live and be well maintained where note that they are not onely to be maintained by the grasse growing on the ring it selfe but at discretion to be let into all or any the other great or small Closes at such times and for such purposes as I shall finde convenient and safe and when they shall do me good service and no hurt and not otherwise upon which tearmes also I will let in my sheep hogs poultry c. having them all alwayes at command to be driven out again at pleasure when they can do no more good or are like to do hurt there thus will my dung be bred in such places from whence with ease I can distribute it either inwards to my Orchards and Gardens or outwards to my tillage c. with wonderfull ease Thus shall my Houses not be in such eminent danger all at once in case of any unfortunate fire thus will those kindes of nastinesse which is in many places too frequent be avoided and yet the uttermost part of my Foldstead for inspection not above fivescore or a good stones throw from my dwelling-house to which I can go at any time in a pair of minutes and to the other Offices in lesse then one the cornerpieces that the grand Circle within the Square leaves being farthest off yet are within less then twice twelvescore which being in generall for upon particular cause you may at pleasure plough them for a time and lay them down again allotted to be pasture for your Milch-cowes and all such stronger Cattel as you have not present use for as I said before they may be driven as occasion serves with much case for this is highly worth consideration in Husbandry for the thing is better known then considered that a little difference in distance though it be but one Acres length which is but 220 yards occasions a trouble or charge not a little more when sowen with Corne or let lie for Meadow then when grazed with strong Cattel For admit that piece to be square then it contains 10 Acres which may well yield at least 20 wain-loads or Cart-loads of corn every of which is worth six pence or foure pence at least to carry an Acres length and so for every Acres length that shall be added whereas to drive an hundred Milch-cowes a flock of sheep or the like will require but a man or a boy and his dog And of what advantage dispatch is or may sometimes happen to be especially is not easie to be valued Now as it is apparent to me so I think it is or may be to all men that the Position is true and that this Way meerly in the Contrivance without or besides any other Improvement shall make 100 Acres to all intents and purposes as usefull and profitable as 150 Acres can be that being also without any other Improvement then the meer common Forme of casting out and the uses that Form is capable of in the common Forme But that the common Forme is capable of good improvement I deny not but I affirm this to be much more for this is apt for many Uses which are altogether unfit for and not used nor possibly to be used upon the common Forms of Farme and to those Uses to which common Farmes are or may be put these may be put also but with more ease safety profit and pleasure abundantly And If my new Invention for Setting of Corn and all its Parts were put in Execution together with some other Inventions or Contrivances for in or concerning other the parts of Universal Husbandry which God hath given into my hands and for which I praise ●is great Name for ever upon a parcell of good Land in this Forme I fear it would be or give but too much of profit and delight for men to enjoy in this life I shall therefore as to my own Interest or action in these things and its extension or increase wholly refer my self to God and to his righteous will and wise dispensation how how far what friends or means he will raise for me or with me to advance these works in themselves great good and doubtlesse to him acceptable while not abused but then like all other blessings becoming curses And Sir ever rest Your most obliged thankfull and affectionate Friend and Servant C. D. An Exposition of the Words What is meant by Sal-Terrae inthe fore-mentioned Experiment of Husbandry SAl-Terrae is nothing but such Niter as we commonly use and which is drawn out of fat earths and boiled c. If you cannot get fat earth for that purpose take common salt and purifie it for by so doing you shall strengthen its attractive vertue By which when it is in the earth it will as it were magnetically attract to it self all the saltnesse that is neer it and so make it selfe more strong Another Sal-Terrae is not Salt-Peter but a salt of such earth as owes not its fatnesse to dung but was onely impregnated from heaven therefore it is best seeking it upon such high Lands where it is not likely that ever any man carried up any dung or compost to lay upon it This Earth must be handled like Salt-Peter-Earth but when you boil the liquor it will not shoot like Salt-Peter but must be boiled up like other common-salt c. Another Sal-Terrae is no otherwise to be Englished but word for word Salt-of-Earth and the manner of extracting of it is to calcine the earth and to make a Lie of the ashes evaporating afterwards the same in the same manner as the Salt of all other Ashes is made For to separate any salt from crude Earth except what hath been converted into Salt-Peter or commeth forth in the company of Salt-Peter that is absolutely impossible As for the difference of that Salt from Niter that consisteth herein that Niter is a Salt extreamly spirituous and unctuous of which two qualities the other Salt still subsisting in its own grosse and as it were terrestriall nature is very little participant An Advertisement to the Reader concerning the fore-going Expositions of Sal Terrae Gentle Reader BE pleased to take notice that to perfect the knowledge of the Experiment I consulted with some Friends about the meaning of Sal Terrae what it is and received from them the three severall Answers which I have here imparted unto thee but because they are not yet clear and satisfactory to